Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Bruit de charge'
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Mahé, Adrien. "Bruit de charge d'une source d'électrons uniques subnanoseconde." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00440198.
Full textLarocque, Samuel. "Bruit de charge d’une jonction tunnel en présence d’un courant de chaleur." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/11606.
Full textGROUSSET, PHILIPPE. "Microstructures d'arseniure de gallium : transport balistique, blocage de coulomb et bruit en charge." Toulouse, INSA, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ISAT0033.
Full textBurtin, Arnaud. "Analyse du bruit sismique des rivières pour l'estimation du transport de la charge de fond." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00550062.
Full textKoua, Konin Miloud-Calliste. "Conception d'un préamplificateur de charge faible bruit pour un scanner TEP/TDM en technologie CMOS 0,18 [micromètre]." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2010. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1535.
Full textGiez, Justine. "Effets de charge et de géométrie sur le bruit d'interaction rotor-rotor des doublets d'hélices contra-rotatives." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSEC005.
Full textThe development of alternative propeller systems to turbojets is a main issue for research in the current context of aeronautical transport. Counter rotating open rotors are a candidate solution because they allow reduction of fuel consumption and gas emission. However, noise emissions are still a challenge for these types of configuration, in particular because they cannot benefit from the nacelle and the liners currently used in turbojet. The understanding of acoustic sources and their prediction is necessary in order to be able to reduce noise emission in the near future. Flows in an open-rotor are complex, in particular for the downstream propeller which is the subject of this approach.This work based on a numerical, experimental and analytical study and takes part in the ADOPSYS chair between Safran Aircraft Engines and l’Ecole Centrale de Lyon. This PhD has two main goals. The first one is to complete an experimental study in order to elucidate the behavior of the flow on a swept airfoil and the resulting acoustics, with a possibly developing leading-edge vortex. The measurements will be a data base for further comparison with analytical prediction. The second objective of the PhD consists in developing a semi-analytical modeling of the noise emitted by an airfoil in response to an incoming perturbation, taking into account the loading and geometry effects. A numerical study of a full counter-rotating system was used as a basis for designing the investigated airfoil. The latter was designed so that a leading-edge vortex could be formed on the surface for some angles of attack. The mock-up was then tested in an anechoic wind tunnel of Ecole Centrale de Lyon for various sets of parameters. Flow visualization and wall-pressure measurements indicated the presence of the leading-edge vortex for some angles of attack. The far-field measurements indicated three acoustic regimes, which can be associated with three behaviors of the leading-edge vortex. Source localization measurements corroborate these observations. Analytical predictions of the noise emitted by the airfoil and based on Amiet’s model were also performed. Firstly, the sweep angle is taken into account in the model. Secondly it is applied to the studied airfoil. A better match of the results is found when the sweep is considered, in particular in the perpendicular directions. The model in then extended in order to include the wall-junction. This part is exploratory and should be further developed. Finally, a complementary experimental investigation of the impingement of periodic wakes on the airfoil has been performed, using a system made of rotating bars, mimics true wake interactions. The measurements suggest that the leading-edge vortex has a quasi-steady behavior
Masson, Pascal. "Etude par pompage de charge et par mesures de bruit basse fréquence de transistors MOS à oxynitrures de grille ultra-minces." Lyon, INSA, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ISAL0007.
Full textThis thesis deals with the electrical characterization of MOS transistors with ultra-thin oxinitride gate dielectrics in the range 2-7 nm. It also concerns the study of electrical active defects in oxinitride-silicon systems. In the first chapter, we review the main characteristics of the Si-Si02 electrical defects as well as the limitations of Si02 used as gate dielectric for deep-submicron MOSFET's. We also present the basic properties of oxinitride layers and we discuss the validity of such dielectrics as a possible alternative to the classical Si02. The second chapter is devoted to the analytical modeling of the MOS transistor working before saturation. We completely rewrite the electrical models that we use in this work to extract the electrical parameters of our devices. In chapter three, we develop a new model of the charge pumping current, taking into account the response of individual and/or distributed states in the silicon bandgap. This approach allows us to accurately model the two- and three-level techniques in terms of current components due to the trapping-detrapping mechanisms from interface states. Finally, we propose an experimental method to separate the charge pumping and the tunneling currents when performing measurements on ultra-thin gate oxide MOSFET's. Chapter fourth is dedicated to the theory of low frequency (1/f) noise in MOS devices. After reviewing the possible origins of this noise, we analyze the influence of the dielectric thickness scale-down and surface roughness on its level. We also propose an enhanced model and extraction procedure to determine the slow state density in presence of a parasitic tunneling component from the gate. In the final part of our work, we use the three electrical techniques, previously reported, to carefully investigate the electrical properties of n-channel MOSFET's with oxinitride gate dielectrics formed by law-pressure rapid thermal chemical vapor deposition (LPRTCVD). Important technological parameters, such as nitrogen concentration, ambient and temperature of post-deposition annealing treatments, presence of an additional capping-layer, etc. , have been analyzed in terms of the presence of fast and slow states and fi. Xed charge in the dielectric-silicon system
Zouabi, Chaïma. "Dynamique d'un contact glissant rugueux-rugueux sous faible charge : expériences et modélisation." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEC043/document.
Full textThis work deals with the friction and dynamics of a sliding contact between two dry and rough surfaces subjected to a low normal load. The normal vibration and the resulting noise are associated with the excitation induced during slip by the random topographies of both solids. Experimental measurements of the vertical acceleration of a rough slider subjected to its own weight and steadily sliding on a rough plate enabled identification and characterization of a transition between two regimes: An uninterrupted contact regime at low speeds and a regime of jumps at higher speeds. For the latter, the dynamics are governed by many impacts between asperities that we have characterized statistically (number of shocks, duration between shocks, impact forces, etc.). These two regimes lead to distinct frictional behaviors. One of the originalities of this research was to confirm the scenarii suggested by the accelerometric measurements through high-frequency monitoring of the temporal evolution of the electrical contact resistance during sliding. By improving the temporal resolution of shocks, these measurements provide a dynamics picture of the problem of rough electrical contact. To interpret these experimental results, we have revisited the standard Bouncing Ball model. It describes a ball subjected to gravity, and bouncing on a table animated by a random vertical motion, representative of the stochastic excitation induced by the topographies of sliding surfaces. We improved the model by introducing a correlation time for the random excitation and showed its influence on the dynamics of the bounces. This correlation time is directly related to the correlation lengths of the surfaces in contact and to the sliding velocity. This revisited model enables a good prediction of the speed at which the transition between the two regimes is observed experimentally
Zbydniewska, Ewa. "Electronic properties of coupled semiconductor nanocrystals and carbon nanotubes." Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10010/document.
Full textWe study the electronic properties of coupled semiconductor nanocrystals and carbon nanotubes. We report measurements of single electron transfers between single CdSe colloidal nanocrystal coupled to a carbon nanotube field effect transistor at room temperature in ambient conditions. The measurements consist of nanotube current level monitoring as a function of time for fixed gate voltage. We observe a sequence of high - low currents (random telegraph signal) on time scales up to several seconds with ms sampling time. We attribute the two level current fluctuations to the transfer of single electron onto the nanocrystal. The probability of the occupation time τ at the high or low current state follows a power law of the form P(τ)~τ-α where exponent α lies between 1.5 and 4 (typically close to 2.8). The observation suggests that the two-level current switching is similar to the fluorescence intermittency (optical blinking) observed in individual quantum dots. The spectroscopic analysis of the devices based on coupled semiconductor nanocrystals and carbon nanotubes is consistent with the charging of nanocrystal defect states with a charging energy of Ec ~ 200 meV. The approach developed here enables to probe the trap state dynamics in quantum dots in ambient air and room temperature from a purely electrical approach, and therefore to better understand the physics at hand in (opto)electronic devices based on quantum dots
Kapfer, Maëlle. "Dynamic of excitations of the Fractional quantum Hall effect : fractional charge and fractional Josephson frequency." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS393/document.
Full textIn some quantum matter states, the current may remarkably be transported by carriers that bear a fraction e* of the elementary electron charge. This is the case for the Fractional quantum Hall effect (FQHE) that happens in two-dimensional systems at low temperature under a high perpendicular magnetic field. When the number of magnetic flux in units of h/e is a fraction of the number of electron, a dissipationless current flows along the edges of the sample and is carried by anyons with fractional charge. The observation of the fractional charge is realized through small current fluctuations produced by the granularity of the charge. Here is presented a reliable method to measure the fractional charge by the mean of cross-correlation of current fluctuations. Moreover, the dynamical properties of those charges is probed when the sample is irradiated with photos at GHz frequency. The long predicted Josephson frequency of the fractional charge is measured. Those measurements validate Photoassisted processes in the FQHE and enable timedomain manipulation of fractional charges in order to realize a single anyon source based on levitons to perform tests of the anyonic statistics of fractional charge
Sadiki, Mohammed. "Contribution à l'étude de la tétrode M. O. S : conduction et bruit de fond basse fréquence." Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20108.
Full textDaba, Abdel-Ghani. "Mesure de l'ionisation en fonction du champ électrique dans le tétraméthylsilane (TMS)." Grenoble 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992GRE10095.
Full textDarcel, Laurence. "Synthèse et réalisations de filtres actifs micro-ondes intégrés en technologie MMIC : intégration de la méthode dans un outil de CAO." Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066492.
Full textLe, Calloch Maxime. "Study of the single electron charge signals in the XENON100 direct Dark Matter search experiment." Nantes, 2014. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=f4984b95-6904-4ff8-bcd6-50f3768ac873.
Full textFrom the observation of the Universe, it has been demonstrated that the mass associated to visible matter represents only few percent of its energetic budget, while the remaining part is composed by dark energy, responsible to the cosmological expansion, and by some hidden matter, the dark matter. The likeliest particles family used to describe this dark matter is called WIMP (Weakly Interacting Massive Particles). That kind of particles could be directly detected by measuring nuclear recoil during an elastic scattering inside a scintillating material. For this, the XENON Collaboration has developed a detector consisting in a time projection chamber (TPC) using xenon dual phase (liquid and gas) detector, and placed underground. The different ionization density of nuclear recoils induced by WIMPs, and electronic recoils induced by β particles or g rays background source, leads to different ratio between both signals, in the liquid and in the gas phase, and is used to discriminate WIMPs from background. A good knowledge of the ionization signal is strongly required for such a detector. In this context, the XENON100 response to single electron charge signals is investigated. They correspond to very tiny signals emitted in the gas phase by one or few electrons extracted in time coincidence. Thanks to this analysis, an innovative method to establish the extraction yield of electrons from the liquid to the gas phase has been drawn, allowing to explore a key information to reject electronic recoils from nuclear ones
Maillard, Florian. "Méthodologie de diagnostic des batteries Li-ion par la mesure des bruits électrochimiques." Thesis, Poitiers, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015POIT2302.
Full textThis work concerns the electrochemical voltage fluctuations Li-ion batteries, commonly known as electrochemical noise. The idea is to use the electrochemical measurement noise in operation to generate, via signal processing, statistical descriptors to characterize the SOH (health). The objective is to develop an innovative method noninvasive diagnostic to complement traditional methods (impedance,...). DCNS St Tropez has participated and intends to develop this approach in the context of an arms supply subsea application, which requires a very high level of security and reliability. The measurement of Li-ion batteries is difficult because of very low signal levels and requires efficient appliances. We installed a measurement system for acquiring voltage fluctuations landfill. Then we extracted noise due to robust numerical method. The discharge voltage is non-stationary, which requires a specific treatment. The short-term analysis by moments of order 2, 3 and 4 shows that there are three areas in which the noises are completely different. The middle of the discharge has a uniform distribution characterized by a V-shape (minimum to SOC = 55 %), tempo-frequency coherent structures on the edges revealed by wavelet analysis. Our model allows to find the predominant noise sources and identify the parameters responsible for the electrochemical noise. Future applications include the characterization of aging and quality of manufacture of batteries
Zarif, Yussefian Nikta. "Mise en oeuvre d'un mode d'imagerie par transillumination et détection multi-vue à ultra-faible bruit dans l'imageur QOS[indice supérieur TM] pour imagerie moléculaire optique sur petit animal." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5891.
Full textTala-Ighil, Boubekeur. "Utilisation des éléments parasites des transformateurs haute et très haute tension dans les convertisseurs statiques à résonance fonctionnant à fréquence variable." Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20269.
Full textGérard, Anthony. "Bruit de raie des ventilateurs axiaux : Estimation des sources aéroacoustiques par modèles inverse et Méthodes de contrôle." Phd thesis, Université de Poitiers, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00162200.
Full textChen, Jun. "Effets de la température et du champ magnétique sur la viscosité et sur le nombre effectif de porteurs condensés des ondes de densité de charge dans NbSe3." Grenoble 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991GRE10095.
Full textAmara, Selma. "Etude de fiabilité des jonctions tunnel magnétiques pour applications à forte densité de courant." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00846519.
Full textGonzalez, Alicia. "Suivi sismologique de l'impact des cyclones sur la charge de fond de la Rivière des Pluies et de la Rivière du Mât à La Réunion." Thesis, La Réunion, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LARE0018.
Full textTropical cyclones can generate huge precipitation rates leading to torrential floods. The consequences for civilian infrastructures and population can be significant as phenomenal amounts of sediment are transported to the ocean. Direct measurements of sediment transport are impossible to implement under these extreme hydrodynamic conditions. To overcome these experimental limitations, previous studies have shown that seismology can be an excellent tool for an indirect access to information on the dynamics of a flooded river: turbulent flow and solid transport. Reunion Island is an ideal place to make such observations because its relief, its latitude, and therefore the climatic aspects favour the generation of potentially devastating torrential floods. We have deployed a temporary seismological network of ten three-component, brodeband seismic stations (http://dx.doi.org/10.15778/RESIF.ZF2015) dedicated to studying signals associated with the activity of the rivers Rivière des Pluies and the Rivière du Mât. Data from these seismic stations during several cyclonic floods (Bejisa, Carlos and Dumazile) were analyzed. For a better understanding of the seismological signal of fluvial origin, one of the key points was to compare it with hydrometeorological data and punctually with granulometric and photogrammetric observations. We show that it is possible to use high-frequency seismic observations (> 1 Hz) to monitor the variation in water level during such episodes in Reunion Island and thus estimate a flood wave velocity. We distinguish the seismic signature of the flow and sediment transport and show that these two seismic sources are distributed throughout the entire river segment near the seismometers
Leynia, de la Jarrige Émilie. "Sources de bruit actives ultra stables à faible température de bruit pour la radiométrie micro-onde." Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1543/.
Full textRadiometers calibration onboard a satellite for Earth observation missions are based on the measurement of reference targets. These reference sources should be able to generate distinct brightness temperatures or noise temperatures. For the cold reference sources, the most common method is to use an external source, like the cold sky. As an alternative, the use of an active cold load (ACL) based on transistor presents several advantages in terms of integration and reduction of complexity of the system. The first part of this report is dedicated to the principles of the radiometry. At first, we remind the essential of remote sensing technics used for Earth observation, then a state of art of different types of radiometer is presented. One of the most important elements for this instrument concerns its calibration. Because of that, a state of art concerning reference sources, and more particularly the active cold loads, is exposed. After all, we notice that, with their low noise level and their frequency range cover, field effect transistors (FET) are good candidates. Thus, we present, in a second chapter, a new type of ACL based on the use of a SiGe heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) in L-band. We discuss the technology and topology of the circuit and show the results obtained concerning the adaptation, the noise temperature and the sensitivity to the ambient temperature. In order to compare different technologies on the long-term stability, we also present the conception and the characterization of anACL based on PHEMT GaAs. The third part concerns the realization of a specific radiometer, in order to assess the long-term stability of the developed ACLs. The concept of the radiometer was articulated around two critical points: to limit gain variations of the system in order to increase its stability and to obtain a good sensitivity. In this aim, technological, technical choices and performances of the system are described. At last, the fourth part of this report is dedicated to the study of the long term stability for two developed ACLs. These ones are very stable on the short-term, and present interesting characteristics on the long-term. The approaches concerning the difference in the two circuits in terms of their behavior and performances are discussed
Leynia, De La Jarrige Emilie. "Sources de bruit actives ultra stables à faible température de bruit pour la radiométrie micro-onde." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00662860.
Full textDiaz, llorente Carlos. "Caractérisation de transistors à effet tunnel fabriqués par un processus basse température et des architectures innovantes de TFETs pour l’intégration 3D." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAT096/document.
Full textThis thesis presents a study of FDSOI Tunnel FETs (TFETs) from planar to trigate/nanowire structures. For the first time we report functional “Low-Temperature” (LT) TFETs fabricated with low-thermal budget (630°C) process flow, specifically designed for top tier devices in 3D sequential integration. “Dual IDVDS” method confirms that these devices are real TFETs and not Schottky FETs. Electrical characterization shows that LT TFETs performance is comparable with “High-Temperature” (HT) TFETs (1050°C). However, LT TFETs exhibit ON-current enhancement, OFF-current degradation and VTH shift with respect to HT TFETs that cannot be explained via BTBT mechanism. Charge pumping measurements reveal a higher defect density at the top silicon/oxide interface for geometries with narrow widths in LT than HT TFETs. In addition, low-frequency noise analyses shed some light on the nature of these defects. In LT TFETs, we determined a non-uniform distribution of defects at the top surface and also at the tunneling junction that causes trap-assisted tunneling (TAT). TAT is responsible of the current generation that degrades the subthreshold swing. This indicates the tight requirements for quality epitaxy growth and junction optimization in TFETs. Finally, we proposed novel TFET architectures. TCAD study shows that the extension of the source into the body region provides vertical BTBT and a larger tunneling surface. Ultra-thin heavily doped boron layers could allow the possibility to obtain simultaneously a good ON-current and sub-thermal subthreshold slope in TFETs
SUN, SHAOYING. "Conception et hybridation d'une chaine d'amplification spectrometrique a bas bruit de fond." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993STR13048.
Full textDing, Hao. "Spectres optiques de diodes laser : methodes d'analyse des spectres, modelisation physique." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112259.
Full textShi, Ming. "Simulation monte carlo de MOSFET à base de materiaux III-V pour une électronique haute fréquence ultra basse consommation." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00666876.
Full textNiel, Stéphan. "Optimisation du système émetteur-base de transistors bipolaires haute performance en technologie 0,35 [mu]m, simple-polysiliciium, quasi-auto-alignée." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE10186.
Full textKouadio, Amani. "Etude de transistors mos à canal implanté : caractéristiques courant-tension et bruit de fond : application aux amplificateurs de lecture de dispositifs à transfert de charges." Montpellier 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON20026.
Full textHarrus, Ilana. "Violation de CP dans le système K⁰-K⁰ : étude et réduction du bruit de fond chargé à l'aide d'un détecteur à rayonnement de transition." Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112123.
Full textThis work has been performed for the NA31 experiment at CERN whose goal is a high precision measurement of the parameter Ɛ '/ Ɛ reflecting direct CP-violation in the K0- K0 system. This work is concerned with the calibration and the study of the performance of the transition radiation detector, TRD, added recently to the experiment. The TRD provides an important increase in the pion/electrons separation. This allows a significant reduction in the systematic uncertainty in the background substaction of the K0L to two charged pions decay mode which is dominated by semi leptonics decays. A complete calibration of this detector has been performed. Energy pulseheight response for various detectors parameters is reviewed. After ail corrections, electron rejection efficiency is shown. We analyze then, the semi-leptonic charged background
Betti, beneventi Giovanni. "Characterization and modeling of phase-change memories." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00721956.
Full textSECROUN, AURELIA. "Etude theorique et experimentale du bruit dans une chaine de cinematographie ultra-rapide (camera a balayage de fente, intensificateur a galette de microcanaux et camera ccd)." Paris 6, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA066322.
Full textBetti, Beneventi Giovanni. "Characterization and modeling of phase-change memories." Thesis, Grenoble, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011GRENT089/document.
Full textWithin this Ph.D. thesis work new topics in the field of Non-Volatile Memories technologies have been investigated, with special emphasis on the study of novel materials to be integrated in Phase-Change Memory (PCM) devices, namely:(a) Investigation of new phase-change materialsWe have fabricated PCM devices integrating a novel chalcogenide material: Carbon-doped GeTe (or simply, GeTeC). We have shown that C doping leads to very good data retention performances: PCM cells integrating GeTeC10% can guarantee a 10 years fail temperature of about 127°C, compared to the 85°C of GST. Furthermore, C doping reduces also fail time dispersion. Then our analysis has pointed out the reduction of both RESET current and power for increasing carbon content. In particular, GeTeC10% PCM devices yield about a 30% of RESET current reduction in comparison to GST and GeTe ones, corresponding to about 50% of RESET energy decrease.Then, resistance window and programming time of GeTeC devices are comparable to those of GST.(b) Advanced electrical characterization techniquesWe have implemented, characterized and modeled a measurement setup for low-frequency noise characterization on two-terminal semiconductor devices.(c) Modeling for comprehension of physical phenomenaWe have studied the impact of Self-induced Joule-Heating (SJH) effect on the I-V characteristics of fcc polycrystalline-GST-based PCM cells in the memory readout region. The investigation has been carried out by means of electrical characterization and electro-thermal simulations
Gao, Yuan. "Stratégies de modélisation et protection vis à vis des décharges électrostatiques (ESD) adaptées aux exigences de la norme du composant chargé (CDM)." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPT005H/document.
Full textIn the semiconductor industry, electrostatic discharge (ESD) can occur throughout over the whole life of a chip. This is a real problem for the reliability of the integrated circuit (IC) and a major failure cause. A new ESD model, Charged Device Model (CDM) was recently developed to simulate a charged device which discharges through one of its pin to ground. The waveform of such a discharge is a current pulse of high amplitude (15A for a 1KV CDM stress on a precharged capacitor of 10pF) over a few nanoseconds duration. Indeed, it is increasingly common to encounter ESD failure signatures into the IC core, usually gate oxide breakdowns that are typically induced by CDM stress. ESD protections with inappropriate triggering speed or strong discharge currents (into the substrate or the metal tracks) can locally lead to potential drop sufficient to damage the oxide (3-5nm thickness in 45nm CMOS technology).Given the challenges of the CDM discharges, this thesis was firstly focused on the detection and understanding of latent defects caused by CDM stress in integrated circuits, using a high- ensitivity technique, namely low frequency noise measurement (LFN). A DCDC converter has been stressed by the CDM test. After each step of processing (storage, burn-in, and aging), the evolution of latent defects generated was investigated. Secondly, a methodology for modeling the complete integrated circuit has been proposed to simulate the CDM protection strategy by limiting the simulation convergence problems. Its main originality consists in the modeling of the substrate resistance under very high injection adapted to the CDM discharge using both VF-TLP (Very Fast Transmission Line Pulsing) measurement and 2D/3D physical simulation. The model was successfully validated on 45nm CMOS and 0.25 µm BiCMOS technologies. Finally, the CDM simulation methodology was validated on a commercial product
Laporte, Christophe. "Conception en technologie intégrée de circuits hyperfréquences pour la télémesure image d'un instrument spatial." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 1995. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00144088.
Full textBäßler, Michael. "Untersuchungen zu Topographie und Bewegungsverhalten für das Küstengebiet des Riiser-Larsen- und Brunt-Schelfeises mittels Radarfernerkundung." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2011. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-70201.
Full textThe development of new satellite sensors within the last 20 years along with changes towards more sophisticated processing strategies has not only given a new impetus to remote sensing data in view of polar research but also changed how a variety of glaciological problems are being addressed today. Particularly RADAR (radio detection and ranging) sensors are well-suited for the observation of glaciated areas and have already helped to retrieve a vast amount of climate sensitive parameters from the area of Antarctica. After an introductive overview at the beginning, the second chapter continues with the description of how RADAR measurements can be used to generate remote sensing images. The principle of synthetic aperture RADAR (SAR) which allows a better focusing of the RADAR measurements and therewith a rigorous increase of the spatial resolution of the images is outlined generally before more precise descriptions explain how interferometric SAR (InSAR) analyses can be used for the determination of surface topography heights and area-wide flow velocities. Two other techniques, namely matching methods for the determination of shifts between two images as well as the laser satellite altimetry are explained at the end of this chapter which closes the theoretical basics. The next section introduces the area of interest along with data sets which were used for validation purposes. After a careful exposure of the geographical situation, single objects such as ice streams and ice shelves are described in more detail. The following part, the data set introduction, has besides the description of other measurements its focus on topography and ocean tide models which are available for the area of investigation. Chapter four deals with the estimation of surface topography heights from differential InSAR (DInSAR) analyses. Therein the major differences for the usage of similar repeat tracks in contrast to neighboring, overlapping tracks will be shown and thoroughly discussed. The example of one track will be used to demonstrate how the required baseline estimation can be achieved if ICESat (Ice, Cloud and Land Elevation Satellite) profiles are used as tie points. Afterwards, all separately derived height models will be combined to obtain one final solution followed by an error analysis. A comparison to other available elevation models visualizes the spatial resolution of the derived model. The utilization of three different methods for the estimation of surface flow velocities (with the background of possible mass flux determinations) is the topic of the fifth chapter. The first case describes the usage of the high frequent noise contained in RADAR images for the tracking of horizontal surface displacements. Based on ALOS (Advanced Land Observing Satellite) data a flow velocity field which extends from the interior of the ice sheet across the grounding zone up to the ice shelf will be presented. Secondly, geocoded ERS (European Remote Sensing Satellite) images covering a time span of more than 13 years are used to track the motions of well-structured flat areas (ice shelf and glacier tongue). In the third approach used descending and ascending satellite passes will be combined in conjunction with a surface parallel flow assumption to interferometrically derive flow velocities in grounded areas. In each section respective errors will be discussed in order to evaluate the accuracy of the performed measurements. The last bigger chapter, number six, is divided into two sections. In the first one the adoption of SAR and InSAR with respect to the mapping of the grounding line location will be demonstrated. Results of the entire working area will be presented and compared to other data. The second section deploys the results of topography heights and flow velocities to remove both effects from the InSAR measurements which then allows to also measure height changes. This is of particular interest for the floating areas of ice shelf which are fully affected by ocean tides as well as for the grounding zone locations which partially experience deformations due to these height changes. After the correction for air pressure, changes between the image acquisitions, height changes along selected profiles are compared to twelve different ocean tide models. The RMS values of the differences are then used to evaluate the quality of these models for the working area. The most important results and conclusions are summarized in the last chapter
Legou, Thierry. "Etude et réalisation d'une chaine d'instrumentation numérique rapide pour l'identification des ions." Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00002517.
Full textJörg, Holger Eric [Verfasser], and López-Urrutia José R. [Akademischer Betreuer] Crespo. "Compton Polarimetry of 6 - 35 keV X-rays: Influence of Breit Interaction on the Linear Polarisation of KLL Dielectronic Recombination Transitions in Highly Charged Ions / Holger Eric Jörg ; Betreuer: José R. Crespo López-Urrutia." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1180739728/34.
Full textAmendola, Gilles. "Conception et réalisation de circuits intégrés d'interface pour micro-capteurs capacitifs : application à un microphone usiné en silicium." Paris 6, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA066385.
Full textCoufal, Daniel. "Rychlovazný silniční cement." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-409759.
Full textTran, Ngoc Tiem. "Recherche des oscillations de neutrinos par apparition du τ avec désintégration muonique du vτ dans l’expérience OPERA." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO10203/document.
Full textThe physics of neutrino oscillations plays a major role in studies concerned with cetteparticule. The mechanism of oscillations, based on a change of state of a neutrino flavor during sapropagation, elucidates the deficits observed solar and atmospheric neutrinos and provides indicationsintéressantes of physics beyond the Standard Model by studying the angles mixtures and mass desneutrinos.OPERA scheme is a hybrid sensor combining both latechnique an electronic real-time detection technology and the cloud chamber emulsion or ECC (EmulsionCloud chamber). The ECC is a solid detector detector (target) consisting of bricks dontchacune 150000 consists of sheets of lead, used as a target, with alternate nuclear emulsion whose traces laprécision reconstruction is of the order of one micron. The detector also includes two spectromètresavec magnetized iron plates 5 cm alternating with RPC (Resistive Plate Chamber) detectors associated with six sets of drift tubes (PT) to measure the charge and momentum of the muon thickness and plan vetoservant the rejection of foreign particles to the target
Samara, Ziyad. "Etude de l’origine du comportement chaotique de la ventilation." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066243.
Full textAlthough the human ventilatory flow resembles a periodic phenomenon, it is not and is truly chaotic. This means that the trajectory of the flow is bounded and depends on deterministic processes, but at the same time, is also complex, sensitive to the initial conditions and unpredictable in the long-term. The theory of chaos provides mathematical tools for quantifying these characteristics. However, physiological significance and clinical interest of ventilatory chaos will depend on its source that is unclear. The gaol of this thesis was thus to contribute to its identification. By comparing, in humans, the ventilatory flow recorded at the mouth with a pneumotachometer to that reconstructed by inductive plethysmography, we showed that neither the respiratory route (nose or mouth), nor the recording technique affected the nature of chaos, even if they changed its complexity. Therefore, they could not be its origin. Inspiratory threshold or resistive loading changed neither the nature nor the features of the chaotic dynamics of the ventilatory flow, though respiratory compensation of these kinds of load depends on the pre-motor cortex. The latter is probably not a source of ventilatory chaos either. We finally showed that the neural respiratory output of in vitro isolated brainstems of post metamorphic tadpoles was always chaotic. Stimulation of this output by CO2 augmented the intensity of chaos. Chaos was rarely found in pre-metamorphic preparations, suggesting ontogenetic changes. In conclusion, the intrinsic properties of the automatic ventilatory command, located in the brainstem, could be a sufficient source of ventilatory chaos
Chimed, Odonbaatar. "Caractérisation des effets de sites dans le bassin d'OulanBator." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00785708.
Full textEl, Ouadghiri Imane. "Analyse du processus de diffusion des informations sur les marchés financiers : anticipation, publication et impact." Thesis, Paris 10, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA100096.
Full textFinancial markets are subjected daily to the diffusion of economic indicators and their forecasts by public institutions and even private ones. These annoncements can be scheduled or unscheduled. The scheduled announcements are organized according to a specific calendar and known in advance by all operators. These news such as activity indicators, credit, export or sentiments’ surveys, are published monthly or quarterly by specialized agencies to all operators in real time. Our thesis contributes to diferent literatures and aims to thoroughly analyze the three phases of the diffusion process of new information on financial markets : anticipation of the announcement before its publication, interest that arouse its publication and impact of its publication on market dynamics. The aim of the first chapter is to investigate heterogeneity in macroeconomic news forecasts using disaggregate data of monthly expectation surveys conducted by Bloomberg on macroeconomic indicators from January 1999 to February 2013. The second chapter examines the impact of surprises associated with monthly macroeconomic news releases on Treasury-bond returns, by paying particular attention to the moment at which the information is published in the month. In the third chapter we examine the intraday effects of surprises from scheduled and unscheduled announcements on six major exchange rate returns (jumps) using an extension of the standard Tobit model with heteroskedastic and asymmetric errors
Ameziane, El Hassani Chama. "Contribution à la réalisation d’un oscillateur push-push 80GHz synchronisé par un signal subharmonique pour des applications radars anticollisions." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR14025/document.
Full textThis thesis is a part of a French project "VELO". The project is collaboration between STMicroelectronics and several laboratories including IMS-Bordeaux and LAAS laboratories. The aim of this project is to achieve a prototype of millimeter anti-collision radar. In this work a frequency synthesizer is implemented. This circuit will be incorporated in the reception chain of the demonstrator. A bibliographical study of classical architecture was completed. Examples of architectures encountered in the millimeter frequency range have been studied. The purpose of this thesis is to study the phenomena of synchronization in oscillators. The objective is to design an injection locked oscillator ILO driven by another oscillator, the second oscillator operates at lower frequency and offers better stability and noise characteristics.In this thesis, the injection locking mechanism of the oscillators has been described. A model of synchronization by series injection is proposed. The model is based on the theory of Huntoon and Weiss and inspired by Badets’ work performed on parallel injection. The theory expresses the synchronized frequency range depending on the used topology and the values of the components. The validity of the theory was evaluated by simulation. The results show good agreement between simulation and theory and validate the principle of synchronization by injection.The feasibility of a millimeter ILO synchronized by the harmonic of a reference signal operating at lower frequency has been demonstrated experimentally. The synthesizer was implemented in BiCMOS technology for 130nm applications millimeter of STMicroelectronics. The oscillator operates at 82.5 GHz and performs a frequency range of 2GHz. The noise performance of the synthesizer is satisfactory. The phase noise of the ILO depends on the reference phase noise, and reaches values of -110dBc/Hz at 1MHz from the carrier frequency
Schers, Jules. "Economic growth, unemployment and skills in South Africa : An Analysis of different recycling schemes of carbon tax revenue." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLA039/document.
Full textThis PhD thesis gives a numerical illustration of how a carbon tax affects South African GDP, employment, CO2 emissions and socio-economic inequality. It uses a “hybrid” computable general equilibrium model of an open economy in a one-step projection from 2005 to 2035. It models second-best economies, notably skill-related rigidities in the labour market and in production of electricity. Seven scenarios for recycling of carbon tax revenue are analysed, plus an option to invest a part of tax revenue in improvement of skills of labour.The analysis shows that under conventional assumptions about technological change, a carbon tax of around 100 ZAR2005 (18 USD2013) per tonne of CO2 will have little negative consequences for GDP and employment, when combined with the right type of tax revenue recycling: Labour subsidies and company profit tax reduction likely lead to the best macro-economic outcomes, though do not reduce inequality. Additional measures are needed to reduce “energy poverty”. To achieve South Africa’s NDC of the Paris Agreement, a carbon tax rate of around 300 ZAR2005 or 55 USD2013 per tonne of CO2 is necessary. However, this could have serious impacts on GDP growth. Also, without a change in the trend of increasing labour productivity, such lower GDP will lead to higher unemployment than in the reference case. An investment in skills of 7.5 billion ZAR2005 of annual Ctax revenue, with the objective of increasing access to high quality education and reducing the high skill labour shortage, if fond to have a very positive impact on GDP growth. However better calibration data is required.The findings of this PhD thesis furthermore call for thorough examination of what type of technological change could be expected for South Africa. Technological progress, consumer preferences and international circumstances limit the economy’s capacity to restructure and decarbonise and therefore to reduce negative consequences of carbon taxation for GDP growth. Proper assessment of future technological change is relevant for all sectors and inputs. Examples are given which show that energy and materials efficiency have an important role for future GDP growth under carbon constraints, because they determine the economy’s flexibility to reduce energy consumption and to substitute it, e.g. by labour. This finding normally holds not only for South Africa, but also for the rest of the world. These results also imply that international climate policy has to address technology transfer and the different potentials of national economies to decarbonise seriously
Dinsenmeyer, Alice. "Probabilistic approach for the separation of the acoustic and aerodynamic wall pressure fluctuations." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2020LYSEI087/these.pdf.
Full textWith the emergence of MEMS and the overall decrease in the cost of sensors, the acquisitions multichannel are becoming more widespread, particularly in the field of acoustic source identification. The quality of source localization and quantification can be degraded by the presence of ambient or electronic noise. In particular, in the case of in flow measurements, the turbulent boundary layer that develops over the measuring system can induce pressure fluctuations that are much greater than those of acoustic sources. It then becomes necessary to process the acquisitions to extract each component of the measured field. For this purpose, it is proposed in this thesis to decompose the measured spectral matrix into the sum of a matrix associated with the acoustic contribution and a matrix for aerodynamic noise. This decomposition exploits the statistical properties of each pressure field. Assuming that the acoustic contribution is highly correlated on the sensors, the rank of the corresponding cross-spectral matrix is limited to the number of equivalent uncorrelated sources. Concerning the aerodynamic noise matrix, two statistical models are proposed. A first model assumes a totally uncorrelated field on the sensors, and a second is based on a pre-existing physical model. This separation problem is solved by a Bayesian optimization approach, which takes into account the uncertainties on each component of the model. The performance of this method is first evaluated on wind tunnel measurements and then on particularly noisy industrial measurement, coming from microphones flushmounted on the fuselage of an inflight large aircraft
Rhouni, Amine. "Étude de fonctions électroniques en technologie ASIC pour instruments dédiés à l'étude des plasmas spatiaux." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00974808.
Full textSanoussi, Hamadou. "Énergie et économie : analyse de la relation consommation d'électricité et production de richesse dans une perspective d'intelligence économique." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO30004.
Full textThe subject of this thesis consists of an analysis of the relationship between electricity consumption and Gross Domestic Product from the perspective of Competitive Intelligence. More specifically, it analyzes the evolution of the electrical intensity of economic activity from 2003 to 2012 in the developed countries of the G7, and then estimates their electricity needs from 2013 to 2022. Part one attempt to explore theoretical and practical aspects of Competitive Intelligence to understand and apply them, while part two is devoted to the empirical analysis itself.Concerning the latter, our results are as follows:First, the electrical intensity curves of two countries—Canada and the United States—dominate those of other developed countries; thus, the economies of these two North American countries are more energy-hungry than those of Japan and the countries of the European Union. The overall temporal evolution of electricity consumption per GDP unit over a ten-year period (2003-1012) has gone down in five countries: Canada (-12%), the United Kingdom (-5.3%), the United States (-5%), France (-4%), and Germany (-3%). On the other hand, this evolution has gone the other direction in Japan (+5%) and Italy (+6%). The effect of “structure” is negative across all analyzed data, suggesting general “tertiarisation”. However, the effect of “electricity efficiency” is mixed: it is negative in the United States and Canada, but positive for the rest of group.Second, estimations indicate an overall growth in electricity demand across all G7 countries from 2013 to 2022. Additionally, electrical elasticity coefficients/GDP units are down in all countries except Italy. This tells us that the average annual demand for electricity in these countries should increase at a slower rate than their respective GDPs.Lastly, the primary research perspectives that appear at the beginning of this thesis concern the transposition of our model of analysis (energetic intelligence) onto other forms of energy such as oil, natural gas, coal, and renewable energy sources. In the end, this model could be useful to economic and political authorities (governments, private companies, NGOs, IGOs, etc.) as an instrument of economic, energy, and environmental policy
MANEGLIA, Yves. "Analyse en profondeur des défauts de l'interface Si-SiO2 par la technique du pompage de charges." Phd thesis, 1998. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006006.
Full textLes deux premiers chapitres sont consacrés à des rappels sur le système Si-SiO2 et à la présentation des principales méthodes de caractérisation électriques qui ont permis d'apporter des informations sur les états dits « lents », états situés dans l'oxyde au voisinage de l'interface et communiquant avec le semiconducteur par effet tunnel. Dans le troisième chapitre un modèle ayant pour but d'extraire à partir de mesures de pompage de charges, le profil en profondeur des défauts de l'interface Si-SiO2 est proposé. Ce modèle, qui prend en compte à la fois les états rapides et les états lents, est basé sur la statistique de Shockley-Read-Hall et sur un modèle de capture des porteurs par effet tunnel (modèle d'Heiman et Warfield). La validité de ce modèle est d'abord discutée. Il est ensuite montré que les liens faits dans certaines publications entre les courbes de pompage de charges et la présence d'un dopage non uniforme au voisinage des régions de source et de drain des transistors sont à reconsidérer. Les profils en profondeur de défauts extraits pour la première fois et pour un grand nombre de dispositifs de différentes technologies, depuis l'interface jusqu'à environ une quinzaine d'angströms dans l'oxyde, sont de la forme Nt(x) = Ntsexp(-x/d) + Nt0. Le premier terme de cette relation correspond aux défauts d'interface à proprement parler, le deuxième correspond aux défauts de la couche dite « contrainte » de l'oxyde. Ces résultats, confortés de différentes manières, sont corrélés avec les résultats de la littérature obtenus par les méthodes physiques de caractérisation de l'interface. Deux applications de la technique sont présentées. La première porte sur l'évolution des paramètres de l'interface en fonction de la concentration en azote d'oxynitrures obtenus par RTCVD. La seconde consiste en l'étude de la dégradation de l'interface Si-SiO2 sous injection Fowler-Nordheim et permet de connaître l'évolution avec la contrainte de la densité des états lents par rapport à celle des états rapides. Finalement, la comparaison avec la spectroscopie de bruit permet une corrélation claire entre l'évolution avec la dose injectée des caractéristiques des profils de pièges et la pente des spectres du bruit en 1/f.