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Journal articles on the topic 'Brushless Permanent magnet motors'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 6 February 2022

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1

Nurmalia, Alif, Widyono Hadi, and Widya Cahyadi. "Performance Test of Three-Phase Brushless Direct Current Motor Axial Flux with Differences Diameter of Neodymium Type Permanent Magnet." ELKHA 13, no. 1 (April 20, 2021): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.26418/elkha.v13i1.41693.

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Technology that is growing rapidly and innovations that have sprung up in the electrical field today are driving the use of electricity as a source of energy to do work. Electric motor is one component that is very popular in the industrial world and households that are useful to human life. In addition to DC motors and induction motors, there are also 3 phase brushless direct current (BLDC) motors which are a type of synchronous motor where magnetic fields are produced by rotor and stator at the same frequency. The rotor is a moving part of the brushless direct current motor which is a place of permanent magnet called a pole. This paper discusses the performance of brushless direct current 3 phase axial flux motors with different diameters of neodymium type permanent magnets. Tests carried out using neodymium permanent magnets with diameters of 15mm x 2mm and 20mm x 2mm were tested without using a load and using load. The parameters used in testing motor performance include speed, torque, and motor power with a source voltage of 12V, 16V, 20V, and 24V. The test results shows that the speed value of a BLDC motor using permanent magnets with a size of 20mm x 2mm is greater than that of permanent magnets of 15mm x 2mm. The same thing applies to the value of the power produced while, for the value of torque when the motor uses a permanent magnet of 15mm x 2mm will be greater than that of a motor using a permanent magnet of 20mm x 2mm.

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2

Dąbrowski, Mirosław, and Andrzej Rudeński. "Synthesis and CAD of permanent magnet DC brushless motors." Archives of Electrical Engineering 59, no. 1-2 (September 1, 2010): 87–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s10171-010-0007-y.

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Synthesis and CAD of permanent magnet DC brushless motorsThe paper presents an algorithm and software for the optimal design of permanent magnet brushless DC motors. Such motors are powered by DC voltage sources via semiconductor switches connected to the motor phase belts. The software is adjusted to the design of motors with NdFeB high energy density magnets. An attention has been given to issues important in the design of the motors, i.e., permanent magnet selection, structure of magnetic circuit, and armature windings. Particularly, precision of calculation of the permanent magnet operating point, visualization of selection process of the winding belts, and magnetic circuit dimensioning have been investigated. The authors have been trying to make the equations more specific and accurate than those presented in the literature. The user software interface allows changes in the magnetic circuit dimensions, and in the winding parameters. It is possible to examine simultaneously the influence of these changes on the calculation results. The software operates both with standard and inverted (outer rotor) motor structure. To perform optimization, a non-deterministic method based on the evolution strategy (μ+λ) - ES has been used.

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3

Kaňuch, Ján, and Želmíra Ferková. "Design and simulation of disk stepper motor with permanent magnets." Archives of Electrical Engineering 62, no. 2 (June 1, 2013): 281–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aee-2013-0022.

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Abstract In this paper the design and the magneto-static simulation of axial-flux permanent- magnet stepper motor with the disc type rotor is presented. Disk motors are particularly suitable for electrical vehicles, robots, valve control, pumps, centrifuges, fans, machine tools and manufacturing. The brushless machine with axial flux and permanent magnets, also called the disc-type machine, is an interesting alternative to its cylindrical radial flux counterpart due to the disk shape, compact construction and high torque density. This paper describes a design of four phase microstepping motor with the disc type rotor. The FEM modeling and the 3D magneto-static simulation of the disk stepper motor with permanent magnets is being subject of the article, too. Disc rotor type permanent magnet stepper motor for high torque to inertia ratio is ideal for robotics and CNC machines.

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4

Low, T. S., M. A. Jabbar, and M. A. Rahman. "Permanent-magnet motors for brushless operation." IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 26, no. 1 (1990): 124–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/28.52683.

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5

Ede, J. D., K. Atallah, and D. Howe. "Modular permanent magnet brushless servo motors." Journal of Applied Physics 93, no. 10 (May 15, 2003): 8772–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1556984.

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6

Rahman, M. A., and P. Zhou. "Analysis of brushless permanent magnet synchronous motors." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 43, no. 2 (April 1996): 256–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/41.491349.

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7

Kiyoumarsi, Arash. "Prediction of Torque Pulsations in Brushless Permanent-Magnet Motors Using Improved Analytical Technique." Journal of Electrical Engineering 61, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10187-010-0005-8.

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Prediction of Torque Pulsations in Brushless Permanent-Magnet Motors Using Improved Analytical TechniqueTorque pulsations have prominent effects on the performance of brushless permanent- magnet (PM) machines. There are different sources of torque ripples in PM motors. These torque pulsations depend on the shape of the flux density distribution in the airgap region. For predicting the open-circuit airgap field distribution in brushless PM motors, a two dimensional (2-D) analytical method, in which the direction of magnetization, either radial or parallel and the effect of the stator slot-openings are taken into account, is used. The method uses an improved 2-D permeance model. In order to evaluate the accuracy of this method, a 2-D time-stepping FEM coupled with the two motion equations is used. A 3-phase, 36-slot, 4-pole, 5 HP, brushless PM motor is modeled by two methods. In this analysis both, the radial and parallel magnetization of the brushless motor are considered. The results obtained by the analytical method are compared with those obtained by FE analysis that shows the valuable accuracy of the analytical method for performance calculations in design and optimization processes.

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8

Anuja, T. A., and M. Arun Noyal Doss. "Reduction of Cogging Torque in Surface Mounted Permanent Magnet Brushless DC Motor by Adapting Rotor Magnetic Displacement." Energies 14, no. 10 (May 15, 2021): 2861. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14102861.

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Cogging torque is a critical dilemma in Permanent Magnet Brushless DC (PMBLDC) motors. In medium-low power PMBLDC motors, redundant vibrations and forbidding noises arise as a result of the harmonic magnetic forces created by cogging torque. This paper introduces a simple approach for minimizing cogging torque in PMBLDC motors by applying placement irregularities in rotor magnets. An angle shift in the rotor magnets in surface-mounted PMBLDC motors helps to attain magnet displacement. This displacement imparts an asymmetrical magnet structure to the rotor. Maintaining pole arc to pole pitch ratio (L/τ) of between 0.6 and 0.8, shifting angles from 1° to 8° were considered in order to analyze the effect of the angle shift on the rotor magnets. An analytical expression was also derived for finding the shifting angle with the minimum cogging torque in the PMBLDC motor by using the Virtual Work Method (VWM). The optimization of the shifting angle with minimum cogging torque was investigated using 3D Finite Element Analysis (FEA). A comparison of the simulation and analytical results of cogging torque was carried out. It was determined that the reduction of cogging torque in the analytical results showed good agreement with the FEA analysis.

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9

Wang, Shu Lung, Yueh Hua Wang, and Ting Yu Chueh. "Comparative Research of 240-Coil Permanent Magnetic Brushless Motor with or without Potting Compound." Applied Mechanics and Materials 664 (October 2014): 313–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.664.313.

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In the design and analysis of motors, the issue of heat transfer is an important subject because it is relevant to the motor’s size and life. So, this study used an experimental design with the Taguchi Method to understand performance of epoxy resin on permanent magnetic brushless motors with 240 coils. The objects used for the experiment were a permanent magnet brushless motor with a 240 coiling number and a potting compound. The experiment was conducted to explore effectiveness of potting to reduce temperature. The Taguchi Method was applied to determine the optimal sample combination to obtain maximal experimental effectiveness by minimal test frequency. The results revealed from this study were positive for potting compound to transfer heat.

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10

Ohnishi, Kazuo. "Cogging Torque Reduction in Permanent Magnet Brushless Motors." IEEJ Transactions on Industry Applications 122, no. 4 (2002): 338–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejias.122.338.

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11

Moehle, Nicholas, and Stephen Boyd. "Optimal current waveforms for brushless permanent magnet motors." International Journal of Control 88, no. 7 (April 2015): 1389–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207179.2015.1012558.

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12

Singh, Bhim. "Recent advances in permanent magnet brushless DC motors." Sadhana 22, no. 6 (December 1997): 837–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02745848.

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13

Dini, Pierpaolo, and Sergio Saponara. "Cogging Torque Reduction in Brushless Motors by a Nonlinear Control Technique." Energies 12, no. 11 (June 11, 2019): 2224. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12112224.

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This work addresses the problem of mitigating the effects of the cogging torque in permanent magnet synchronous motors, particularly brushless motors, which is a main issue in precision electric drive applications. In this work, a method for mitigating the effects of the cogging torque is proposed, based on the use of a nonlinear automatic control technique known as feedback linearization that is ideal for underactuated dynamic systems. The aim of this work is to present an alternative to classic solutions based on the physical modification of the electrical machine to try to suppress the natural interaction between the permanent magnets and the teeth of the stator slots. Such modifications of electric machines are often expensive because they require customized procedures, while the proposed method does not require any modification of the electric drive. With respect to other algorithmic-based solutions for cogging torque reduction, the proposed control technique is scalable to different motor parameters, deterministic, and robust, and hence easy to use and verify for safety-critical applications. As an application case example, the work reports the reduction of the oscillations for the angular position control of a permanent magnet synchronous motor vs. classic PI (proportional-integrative) cascaded control. Moreover, the proposed algorithm is suitable to be implemented in low-cost embedded control units.

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14

Amrhein, W., S. Silber, K. Nenninger, G. Trauner, and R. Schöb. "Mechatronical Design Studies on Small Brushless Motors." International Journal of Rotating Machinery 9, no. 2 (2003): 127–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s1023621x03000113.

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Brushless DC- and AC-permanent-magnet motors controlled by powerful micro-controller electronics have opened up a significant share of the small motor market in the last years. Based on the mechanical low cost construction of single-phase motor the paper presents electronic drive concepts to improve the performance and for special applications also the lifetime of brushless motors. The tangential and radial forces acting on the rotor are controlled by special phase current curves to reduce the torque ripple and to avoid expendable machinery parts like ball or sliding bearings.

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15

Brakanskis, Uldis, Janis Dirba, Ludmila Kukjane, and Viesturs Drava. "Analysis of a Permanent-Magnet Brushless DC Motor with Fixed Dimensions." Scientific Journal of Riga Technical University. Power and Electrical Engineering 26, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 78–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10144-010-0025-z.

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Analysis of a Permanent-Magnet Brushless DC Motor with Fixed DimensionsThe purpose of this paper is to describe the analysis of a permanent-magnet brushless DC motor with fixed outer diameter and active zone length. The influence of air gap, material of permanent magnets and their size on the magnetic flux density of the machine and magnetic flux is analyzed. The work presents the calculations of two programs, the comparison of the results and the most suitable combination of factors that has been found.

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16

Miller, Tim. "Brushless permanent-magnet motor drives." Power Engineering Journal 2, no. 1 (1988): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/pe:19880010.

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17

Gambetta, D., and A. Ahfock. "Designing printed circuit stators for brushless permanent magnet motors." IET Electric Power Applications 3, no. 5 (2009): 482. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-epa.2008.0199.

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18

Becerra, R. C., and M. Ehsani. "High-speed torque control of brushless permanent magnet motors." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 35, no. 3 (August 1988): 402–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/41.3113.

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19

Eriksson, Sandra. "Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines." Energies 12, no. 14 (July 23, 2019): 2830. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12142830.

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Interest in permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs) is continuously increasing worldwide, especially with the increased use of renewable energy and electrification of transports. This special issue contains the successful invited submissions of fifteen papers to a Special Issue of Energies on the subject area of “Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines”. The focus is on permanent magnet synchronous machines and the electrical systems they are connected to. The presented work represents a wide range of areas. Studies of control systems, both for permanent magnet synchronous machines and for brushless DC motors, are presented and experimentally verified. Design studies of generators for wind power, wave power and hydro power are presented. Finite element method simulations and analytical design methods are used. The presented studies represent several of the different research fields on permanent magnet machines and electric drives.

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20

Chen, Qi Ping, Hong Yu Shu, Kai Ren, and Lai Peng. "Research on Brushless Permanent-Magnet DC Motor of Electric Scooter Based on Ansoft." Advanced Materials Research 295-297 (July 2011): 2594–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.295-297.2594.

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In order to obtain good starting performance of the electric scooter driven by brushless permanent-magnet direct circuit motor(BLPMDCM)，modules of RMxprt and Maxwell 2D in Ansoft software are used to build finite element simulation model of BLPMDCM. We simulated and studied the basic features and starting process of BLPMDCM. The results of internal magnetic field distribution and dynamic performance simulation are obtained when the motors are in different positions. The results provide a theoretical basis to further optimize the design, improve the starting torque and reduce torque ripple for this new type of permanent magnet motor and its control system.

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21

Fu, Lung Ming, Chiufeng Lin, Chin Lung Chang, Jenhao Chang, and Chien Hsiung Tsai. "Numerical Investigation into Thermal Behavior of Brushless Permanent Magnet Motors." Advanced Materials Research 199-200 (February 2011): 1518–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.199-200.1518.

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The performance of brushless permanent magnet motor for electric vehicle applications is simulated by commercial CFD codes Fluent 6.3. It is difficult to model motor winding area and to well pose the motor external boundary conditions for using CFD method. A possible approach to simplify the thermal resistance computation is to use an empirical equivalent thermal conductivity of the system winding impregnation and insulation. The empirical equivalent thermal conductivity is case sensitive and regressed in the experiment. The same is true for the boundary condition of motor. In this paper, we proposed a new model to compute equivalent thermal conductivity and overcome the above problem. This model takes advantage of the packing bed heat transfer model proposed by Zehner and Schlünder. Besides, the boundary conditions are also obtained by the numerical experiments. The validity of CFD method using in the present paper is validated utilizing the experimental data. The numerical data are concurred with the experimental data. As a result, the CFD method is shown to be a feasible method for modern thermal design for brushless permanent magnet motor.

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22

Luo, Hong-hao, Jun Wu, and Wen-Sen Chang. "Minimizing Thrust Fluctuation in Moving-Magnet Permanent-Magnet Brushless Linear DC Motors." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 43, no. 5 (May 2007): 1968–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmag.2007.892081.

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23

Farooq, J. A., A. Djerdir, and A. Miraoui. "Analytical Modeling Approach to Detect Magnet Defects in Permanent-Magnet Brushless Motors." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 44, no. 12 (December 2008): 4599–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmag.2008.2001751.

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24

Wu, Yi Chang. "Conceptual Design of Integrated Brushless Permanent-Magnet Motors and Planetary Gear Trains." Applied Mechanics and Materials 284-287 (January 2013): 634–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.284-287.634.

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Integrated designs of brushless permanent-magnet (BLPM) motors and basic planetary gear trains (PGTs) are described in this paper. The kinematic characteristics of the basic PGT and the typical topologies of the BLPM motor are studied first. Then, design requirements are concluded to rationalize the integrated designs. Four novel integrated devices with interior and exterior topologies are synthesized subject to design requirements. The unique characteristics and application fields of the proposed designs are also indicated.

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25

Wu, Yi-Chang, and Hong-Sen Yan. "DESIGN OF SURFACE-MOUNTED PERMANENT-MAGNET BRUSHLESS DC MOTORS COMBINED WITH GEAR MECHANISMS." Transactions of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering 37, no. 3 (September 2013): 439–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/tcsme-2013-0033.

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This paper presents novel design concepts by integrating surface-mounted permanent-magnet brushless DC (BLDC) motors with embedded planetary gear trains (PGTs) to form compact structure assemblies with desired functions. The operational principles and configurations of surface-mounted permanent-magnet BLDC motors are introduced. With the aid of fundamental circuits, kinematic characteristics of PGTs are identified. For rationalizing integrated design concepts, design requirements and constraints are concluded. Four feasible design concepts with interior and exterior configurations are successfully generated subject to these design requirements and constraints. The features of the integrated devices are also indicated.

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26

Zhu, Cai Hong, and Hong Tao Zhang. "Magnet Field Finite Element Analysis of Permanent Magnet Brushless DC Motors Based on ANSOFT." Advanced Materials Research 904 (March 2014): 504–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.904.504.

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2D whole field finite element method (FEM) based on ANSOFT software was adapted, and the magnetic field distribution of permanent-magnet brushless DC motor (BLDC) were calculated. The above discussion can provide reliable theory foundation for the reasonable establishment of nonlinear model BLDC and the further exploitation and application.

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27

Dirba, J., L. Lavrinovicha, N. Levin, and V. Pugachev. "Application of Synchronous Brushless Motors in Electric Hand Tools." Latvian Journal of Physics and Technical Sciences 49, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10047-012-0003-7.

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Application of Synchronous Brushless Motors in Electric Hand Tools In the paper, the possibilities to apply synchronous brushless motors in the electric hand tools are considered. The potential of such motors is estimated in a wide range of characteristics. In particular, estimation is made for the electric hand plane with a synchronous motor having outer rotor and excitation from permanent magnets.

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28

Cheng, Jui-Hung, and Shuo-Fang Liu. "Simulation and design optimization of permanent magnet brushless DC motors." Journal of Interdisciplinary Mathematics 20, no. 3 (April 3, 2017): 777–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09720502.2016.1258838.

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29

Chang Seop Koh and Jin-Soo Seol. "New cogging-torque reduction method for brushless permanent-magnet motors." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 39, no. 6 (November 2003): 3503–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmag.2003.819473.

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30

Chen, Y. S., and Z. Q. Zhu. "Investigation of Magnetic Drag Torque in Permanent Magnet Brushless Motors." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 43, no. 6 (June 2007): 2507–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmag.2007.893768.

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31

Tang, Yu, Yong Xiang Xu, and Wei Yan Liang. "Influence of Permanent Magnet Thickness on Loss of Permanent Magnet Brushless DC Motor." Advanced Materials Research 204-210 (February 2011): 1797–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.204-210.1797.

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The permanent magnet thickness is a main consideration for the permanent magnet brushless DC motor design. The effect of the magnet thickness on the different loss of the motor and motor output power is considered through the circuit-field coupling finite element method under the full-load operation. 2D transient thermal analysis is carried out as the verification of the design result. The motor is fabricated and the experimental results prove that the design motor with the certain magnet thickness can fulfill the requirements.

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32

Zhang, Hang, Chen Li, and Yue Jin Zhang. "Design of a New Frog-Leg Winding Permanent-Magnet Brushless DC Motor." Applied Mechanics and Materials 416-417 (September 2013): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.416-417.38.

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A new frog-leg winding permanent-magnet (PM) brushless DC motor is proposed in this paper. Besides PM excitation and electric commutation, the motor has a type of mesh winding inherited from the conventional brushed DC motor. With the aid of a position sensor, the new motors operation principle is basically as same as the brushed one. Based on the frog-leg winding configuration of simplex lap and duplex wave, the motor is designed with 4 poles and 22 slots, and the number of phases is set as 11. Furthermore, an exact analytical method for predicting the instantaneous magnetic field, electromotive force (EMF) induced in the armature winding, cogging torque and output torque of the new motor is introduced. Results from this analytical method are compatible with corresponding finite element analyses (FEA).

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33

Li, Yan, Ying Qin, Yong Zhi Liu, and Jia Kuan Xia. "The Electromagnetic and Thermal Analysis of Permanent Magnet Brushless DC Motor in Cars." Advanced Materials Research 516-517 (May 2012): 1660–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.516-517.1660.

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As the wide application of DC brushless motor in cars, this paper introduces a kind of motor design method that based on finite element theory. The motor electromagnetic simulation is analyzed by using finite element termed as Ansoft, the simulation results and experimental data are anastomotic, so the method is verified feasible. The motor in cars is restricted to the volume, the motor temperature index influence all basic parameters seriously, in this paper baseing on the motor loss simulate the motor 3D temperature distribution, and find out the highest spot, for designing the cooling system of similar motors provide instructional effect, and this is of important engineering significance.

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34

Ebadi, Fatemeh, Mohammad Mardaneh, and Akbar Rahideh. "Inductance analytical calculations of brushless surface-mounted permanent-magnet machines based on energy method." COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering 38, no. 2 (March 4, 2019): 536–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/compel-04-2018-0198.

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Purpose This paper aims to show the proposed energy method for inductance calculation is valid for any number of poles, phases and any winding layout. Design/methodology/approach A two-dimensional (2-D) analytical energy-based approach is presented to calculate self-inductances and mutual inductances of brushless surface-mounted permanent-magnet machines. Findings The proposed calculation procedure is valid for brushless permanent-magnet machines with slotted or slotless stator structure. Comparisons between energy method and flux linkage method are presented based on simulation and experimental results. It shows that the energy method has an excellent agreement with the result obtained from finite element method (FEM) and experimental study. Originality/value This paper compares energy-based method with flux linkage method and FEM for inductance calculations in slotless and slotted permanent-magnet motors. The relations for inductance calculation are presented which are obtained based on 2-D analytical representation of magnetic field.

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35

Wang, Shu Hong, Pan Wu, and Li Mei Wang. "A Study on Overlapping Commutation Time in Permanent Magnet Brushless DC Motor." Applied Mechanics and Materials 143-144 (December 2011): 114–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.143-144.114.

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To determine the control method using overlapping commutation overlap time, this article on the four-phase permanent magnet brushless DC motor torque ripple based on the analysis of the use of overlapping commutation torque ripple suppression in the overlap time were derived by Ansoft software calculated four-phase permanent magnet brushless DC motor parameters, using MATLAB/Simulink software and simulate the model, simulation results were derived.

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36

Liu, Guo Hai, Li Hao Yan, Duo Zhang, and Wen Xiang Zhao. "A New Control Strategy of Five-Phase Permanent-Magnet Motor Drives with a Third Harmonic Current Injection." Key Engineering Materials 464 (January 2011): 191–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.464.191.

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In this paper, a five-phase permanent-magnet (PM) brushless dc (BLDC) motor is investigated, which has almost trapezoidal back electromotive force(EMF) due to its concentrated windings. Since the third harmonic component in the magnetic field is utilized, the presented five-phase BLDC motors have a higher torque density over conventional three-phase ones, in which the third harmonic current is injected. This paper proposes a new five-phase transformation system, by which the vector control is easily applicable to five-phase BLDC motors. Finally, the results verify the validity of the proposed method.

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37

Wang, Y., M. Cheng, M. Chen, Y. Du, and K. T. Chau. "Design of high-torque-density double-stator permanent magnet brushless motors." IET Electric Power Applications 5, no. 3 (2011): 317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-epa.2010.0187.

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38

Kim, U., and D. K. Lieu. "Effects of magnetically induced vibration force in brushless permanent-magnet motors." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 41, no. 6 (June 2005): 2164–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmag.2005.847628.

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39

Miller, T. J. E., Mircea Popescu, Calum Cossar, Malcolm I. McGilp, Mircea Olaru, Alan Davies, Jonathan Sturgess, and Alessandra Sitzia. "Embedded Finite-Element Solver for Computation of Brushless Permanent-Magnet Motors." IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 44, no. 4 (2008): 1124–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tia.2008.926199.

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40

Fang Deng. "Commutation-caused eddy-current losses in permanent-magnet brushless DC motors." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 33, no. 5 (1997): 4310–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/20.620440.

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41

Zhou, Yangzhong, Dengling Zhang, Xudong Chen, and Qixing Lin. "Sensorless Direct Torque Control for Saliency Permanent Magnet Brushless DC Motors." IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion 31, no. 2 (June 2016): 446–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tec.2015.2505326.

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42

KRYKOWSKI, Krzysztof. "High-speed Permanent Magnet Brushless DC Motors, Properties and Prospective Applications." PRZEGLĄD ELEKTROTECHNICZNY 1, no. 8 (August 5, 2019): 141–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.15199/48.2019.08.30.

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43

Pang, Y., Z. Q. Zhu, and D. Howe. "Analytical determination of optimal split ratio for permanent magnet brushless motors." IEE Proceedings - Electric Power Applications 153, no. 1 (2006): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-epa:20050304.

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Popescu, M., D. M. Ionel, T. J. E. Miller, S. J. Dellinger, and M. I. McGilp. "Improved finite element computations of torque in brushless permanent magnet motors." IEE Proceedings - Electric Power Applications 152, no. 2 (2005): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-epa:20055107.

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Hanselman, D. C. "Minimum torque ripple, maximum efficiency excitation of brushless permanent magnet motors." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 41, no. 3 (June 1994): 292–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/41.293899.

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Atallah, K., and D. Howe. "The calculation of iron losses in brushless permanent magnet dc motors." Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 133, no. 1-3 (May 1994): 578–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-8853(94)90627-0.

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Jin, Chang-Sung, Chang-Min Kim, In-Jin Kim, and Iksang Jang. "Proposed Commutation Method for Performance Improvement of Brushless DC Motor." Energies 14, no. 19 (September 22, 2021): 6023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14196023.

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This study focused on the efficiency improvement and acoustic noise reduction of brushless DC (BLDC) motors by reducing current harmonics using a novel BLDC commutation method. To achieve these goals, we designed an improved 150° commutation method for a three-phase permanent magnet BLDC motor that can improve the current waveform. Although the 120° commutation method is generally employed for BLDC motors, an improved 150° commutation method is introduced to operate the BLDC with increased efficiency and acoustic noise similar to a brushless AC motor. This study investigated the attributes of various commutation methods, both theoretically and experimentally, to determine the optimal commutation method. The results of this study indicate that the improved 150° commutation method is optimal in terms of harmonic attributes and reduced torque ripple, allowing it to improve motor efficiency and reduce acoustic noise.

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Dirba, J., and L. Lavrinovicha. "Metamodels for New Designs of Outer-Rotor Brushless Synchronous Electric Motors." Latvian Journal of Physics and Technical Sciences 51, no. 2 (April 1, 2014): 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/lpts-2014-0010.

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Abstract The authors consider the possibilities to synthesise metamodels for the analysis and optimisation of brushless synchronous motors. The metamodels are presented for new designs of the outer-rotor permanent magnet synchronous motor and the outer-rotor reluctance motor. The metamodels are synthesised based on the results obtained by the numerical calculations of magnetic field taking into account magnetic saturation. Analysis of the results for the motor magnetic field and tests of the metamodels at the selected and intermediate points shows that these can be synthesised with acceptable accuracy using numerical calculations instead of expensive real experiments.

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Gilliam, J. E. "Brushless Permanent-Magnet and Reluctance Motor Drives." Power Engineering Journal 4, no. 1 (1990): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/pe:19900006.

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Sharke, Paul. "Back to Motor School." Mechanical Engineering 125, no. 12 (December 1, 2003): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2003-dec-1.

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This article focuses on stepping, brushless permanent magnet, switched reluctance, and synchronous reluctance motors; suddenly all of these looked a lot more appealing in an era of cheapening power electronics and improving permanent magnets. DC machines using brushes to commutate the incoming direct current had a major disadvantage themselves. The carbon or metalized brushes wore out, created dust and arcs, and were troublesome from a maintenance person’s perspective. Placing permanent magnets on the rotor severed this mechanical link, which the DC machine had needed to power its rotating electromagnets. Electronic commutation dispatched the mechanical switching needed to race the current around the poles. About 80 percent of the motor industry is concerned with controlling speed, while the other 20 percent worries about controlling position. But it is the positioning side that is called the “bleeding edge.” Successful mechanical engineers today simply have to be comfortable with electronics. It has become such an integral part of the motion-control world that it cannot be ignored.

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