Academic literature on the topic 'Bryozoa'
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Journal articles on the topic "Bryozoa"
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Ciavatta, Maria Letizia, Florence Lefranc, Leandro M. Vieira, Robert Kiss, Marianna Carbone, Willem A. L. van Otterlo, Nicole B. Lopanik, and Andrea Waeschenbach. "The Phylum Bryozoa: From Biology to Biomedical Potential." Marine Drugs 18, no. 4 (April 9, 2020): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md18040200.
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Less than one percent of marine natural products characterized since 1963 have been obtained from the phylum Bryozoa which, therefore, still represents a huge reservoir for the discovery of bioactive metabolites with its ~6000 described species. The current review is designed to highlight how bryozoans use sophisticated chemical defenses against their numerous predators and competitors, and which can be harbored for medicinal uses. This review collates all currently available chemoecological data about bryozoans and lists potential applications/benefits for human health. The core of the current review relates to the potential of bryozoan metabolites in human diseases with particular attention to viral, brain, and parasitic diseases. It additionally weighs the pros and cons of total syntheses of some bryozoan metabolites versus the synthesis of non-natural analogues, and explores the hopes put into the development of biotechnological approaches to provide sustainable amounts of bryozoan metabolites without harming the natural environment.
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Swami, Pavan S., Ananta D. Harkal, and Satish S. Mokashe. "An assessment of bryozoan (Phylactolaemata) fauna of Kagzipura Lake, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India." Journal of Threatened Taxa 8, no. 3 (March 26, 2016): 8611. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.1607.8.3.8611-8614.
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Freshwater Bryozoa is one of the less explored or ignored animal groups from India. Kagzipura Lake, a rainwater fed water body was surveyed for three years to understand the diversity and distribution of bryozoan fauna. The present study depicts four Phylactolaemata bryozoans species as Rumarcanella vorstmani, Plumatella casmiana, Lophopodella carteri and Swarupella divina. The manuscript provides brief descriptions of these species, photomicrographs of statoblasts using scanning electron microscopy and colony characteristics.
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Zhang, Zhiliang, Zhifei Zhang, Junye Ma, Paul D. Taylor, Luke C. Strotz, Sarah M. Jacquet, Christian B. Skovsted, Feiyang Chen, Jian Han, and Glenn A. Brock. "Fossil evidence unveils an early Cambrian origin for Bryozoa." Nature 599, no. 7884 (October 27, 2021): 251–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-04033-w.
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AbstractBryozoans (also known as ectoprocts or moss animals) are aquatic, dominantly sessile, filter-feeding lophophorates that construct an organic or calcareous modular colonial (clonal) exoskeleton1–3. The presence of six major orders of bryozoans with advanced polymorphisms in lower Ordovician rocks strongly suggests a Cambrian origin for the largest and most diverse lophophorate phylum2,4–8. However, a lack of convincing bryozoan fossils from the Cambrian period has hampered resolution of the true origins and character assembly of the earliest members of the group. Here we interpret the millimetric, erect, bilaminate, secondarily phosphatized fossil Protomelission gatehousei9 from the early Cambrian of Australia and South China as a potential stem-group bryozoan. The monomorphic zooid capsules, modular construction, organic composition and simple linear budding growth geometry represent a mixture of organic Gymnolaemata and biomineralized Stenolaemata character traits, with phylogenetic analyses identifying P. gatehousei as a stem-group bryozoan. This aligns the origin of phylum Bryozoa with all other skeletonized phyla in Cambrian Age 3, pushing back its first occurrence by approximately 35 million years. It also reconciles the fossil record with molecular clock estimations of an early Cambrian origination and subsequent Ordovician radiation of Bryozoa following the acquisition of a carbonate skeleton10–13.
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O'Dea, Aaron, and Beth Okamura. "Life history and environmental inference through retrospective morphometric analysis of bryozoans: a preliminary study." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 80, no. 6 (December 2000): 1127–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315400003210.
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A preliminary comparative analysis of colony growth and zooid size in the perennial bryozoan Flustra foliacea (Bryozoa: Cheilostomatida) reveals reduced colony growth in the Bay of Fundy relative to growth in the Menai Straits and the Skagerrak, while seasonal fluctuations in zooid size are in synchrony with temperature regimes. Such retrospective morphometric analyses may allow inferences of primary productivity and thermal regimes and provide insights into the life histories of both Recent and fossil bryozoans.
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Evseeva, O. Yu. "Bryozoa of the northern part of Barents Sea: species composition, distribution, ecology (based on the materials of expeditions MMBI 2016–2017)." Transaction Kola Science Centre 11, no. 5-2020 (March 25, 2020): 50–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.37614/2307-5252.2020.11.5.006.
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The modern data about fauna of Bryozoa in the northern part of Barents Sea are obtained. The taxonomic and biogeographic composition, distribution features of bryozoan communities, and their quantitative indicators are analyzed. 124 Bryozoa species are identified in the samples, one of which (Uschakovia gorbunoviKluge, 1946) is a new for the Barents Sea fauna. It was found that the richness of the bryozoan fauna is determined by the variety of environmental conditions and depends on the bottom relief (and related factors: soil, hydrodynamic intensity and sedimentation) and the parameters of water masses.
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Smith, Abigail M. "Bryozoans as southern sentinels of ocean acidification: a major role for a minor phylum." Marine and Freshwater Research 60, no. 5 (2009): 475. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf08321.
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Rapid anthropogenic production of CO2 has driven the carbonate chemistry of the sea, causing lowered pH in surface waters. Increasingly, scientists are called on to study ocean acidification and its effects. The ‘minor’ phylum Bryozoa shows considerable potential in understanding temperate southern hemisphere shelf carbonate dynamics, thus complementing tropical studies based mainly on corals. Lowered pH affects skeletons differently depending on their composition, but skeletons are even more strongly affected by morphology. Different bryozoans will manifest the effects of acidification at different times, thus some particularly vulnerable species may act as ‘canaries’ providing an early warning for some shelf communities, such as bryozoan-dominated thickets. A carbonate budget based on several studies of the bryozoan Adeonellopsis in Doubtful Sound, New Zealand, shows that increasing dissolution pressure in cool temperate environments dramatically reduces sediment accumulation rates. Bryozoan shelf carbonate sediments, which blanket the southern shelves of New Zealand and Australia, may serve as biological saturometers, monitoring the effects of acidification over shelf depths. Whether acting as canaries, models or sentinels, bryozoans have great potential to provide insight into the next global challenge: ocean acidification.
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Šatkauskienė, Ingrida, Timothy Wood, Jurgita Rutkauskaitė-Sucilienė, Vida Mildažienė, and Simona Tučkutė. "Freshwater bryozoans of Lithuania (Bryozoa)." ZooKeys 774 (July 12, 2018): 53–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.774.21769.
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Nine species of freshwater bryozoans were recorded in Lithuania in a survey of 18 various types of freshwater bodies. Eight species were assigned to the Class Phylactolaemata and families Plumatellidae and Cristatellidae (Plumatellarepens,Plumatellafungosa,Plumatellafruticosa,Plumatellacasmiana,Plumatellaemarginata,Plumatellageimermassardi,HyalinellapunctataandCristatellamucedo). The ninth species,Paludicellaarticulata, represented the Class Gymnolaemata.PlumatellageimermassardiandP.casmianawere recorded for the first time in Lithuania. For the plumatellids, species identification was achieved partly by analysing statoblasts’ morphological ultrastructures by scanning electron microscopy.
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Šatkauskienė, Ingrida, Timothy Wood, Jurgita Rutkauskaitė-Sucilienė, Vida Mildažienė, and Simona Tučkutė. "Freshwater bryozoans of Lithuania (Bryozoa)." ZooKeys 774 (July 12, 2018): 53–75. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.774.21769.
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Nine species of freshwater bryozoans were recorded in Lithuania in a survey of 18 various types of freshwater bodies. Eight species were assigned to the Class Phylactolaemata and families Plumatellidae and Cristatellidae (Plumatella repens, Plumatella fungosa, Plumatella fruticosa, Plumatella casmiana, Plumatella emarginata, Plumatella geimermassardi, Hyalinella punctata and Cristatella mucedo). The ninth species, Paludicella articulata, represented the Class Gymnolaemata. Plumatella geimermassardi and P. casmiana were recorded for the first time in Lithuania. For the plumatellids, species identification was achieved partly by analysing statoblasts' morphological ultrastructures by scanning electron microscopy.
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GRISCHENKO, ANDREI V., DENNIS P. GORDON, and VIACHESLAV P. MELNIK. "Bryozoa (Cyclostomata and Ctenostomata) from polymetallic nodules in the Russian exploration area, Clarion–Clipperton Fracture Zone, eastern Pacific Ocean—taxon novelty and implications of mining." Zootaxa 4484, no. 1 (September 25, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4484.1.1.
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This work describes Bryozoa of the orders Cyclostomata and Ctenostomata found associated with polymetallic nodules collected by box-coring in the eastern part of the Russian exploration area of the Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone (CCFZ) under contract to Yuzhmorgeologiya. Scanning electron microscopic study of 358 cyclostome colonies and 14 ctenostome colonies from 4510–5280 m depth has resulted in the recognition of two new species of Ctenostomata, and 14 new species, nine new genera and two new families of Cyclostomata; three additional species of Cyclostomata are left in open nomenclature pending the discovery of missing reproductive characters. The taxonomic novelty is thus notable. One of the new Ctenostomata represents the first living example of the previously monotypic Late Cretaceous genus Pierrella. Twelve of the new cyclostome taxa have well-developed gonozooids, indicating that embryonic cloning (polyembryony) is normal in this deep-sea environment. On the other hand, one indeterminate tubuliporine and two rectangulates have dimorphic peristomes. In the latter two cases, enough mature colonies were found to suggest that this feature is normal, and that the dimorphic zooids are possibly female—in other words, capacious incubation chambers are apparently lacking, and therefore polyembryony would also be lacking or reduced. In one of these species, evidence is presented to suggest that the ancestrular zooid can reproduce precociously. Of the species reported here, only one has previously been found outside the exploration area, highlighting both the limited knowledge we have of bryozoans in the deep Pacific and/or a fauna that is largely endemic to the nodule environment. An additional 31 species of Cheilostomata have also been discovered that will be described in a subsequent publication. Most bryozoans are macrofaunal-sized, so are both inadequately determinable and overlooked in images obtained by remotely operated vehicles; yet, with 50 species, Bryozoa is the most speciose sessile macrofaunal phylum on the nodules. Nodules constitute hard substrata in an area otherwise mostly inhospitable for Bryozoa, hence mining would lead to loss of critical habitat. Further, as suspension-feeders, bryozoans are highly susceptible to smothering by suspended sediment, and non-mined areas closely adjacent to extraction zones would likely also be affected and their associated bryozoan fauna obliterated. More data are required on the distribution of the CCFZ bryozoan species elsewhere in the east Central Pacific to determine if mining would lead to local taxon extirpation or global extinction at both low and high taxonomic levels.
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Horowitz, Alan Stanley, and Joseph F. Pachut. "Specific, generic, and familial diversity of Devonian bryozoans." Journal of Paleontology 67, no. 1 (January 1993): 42–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000021156.
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Lack of an adequately calibrated Devonian time scale precludes satisfactory comparisons of Recent and Devonian bryozoan diversities. Nevertheless, Devonian bryozoans apparently are 3–100 times less diverse than Recent bryozoans. This variation is a function of how Devonian time is divided (whole period, stages, per million years) as well as the diverse skeletal architecture of cheilostome bryozoans, the most abundant Recent bryozoan order.The Givetian has the largest specific, generic, and familial diversity of any Devonian stage and the drop in bryozoan diversity from the Givetian to the Frasnian is greater than the rise or fall of diversity between any other adjacent stages. Diversity hardly changes among bryozoans across the Frasnian–Famennian boundary. Among bryozoans the Givetian–Frasnian extinction was a major event.Devonian taxonomic diversity is less than nomenclatorial diversity, although both exhibit the same trends from stage to stage during the Devonian. The amount of difference between the two measures of diversity is probably a reflection of the intensity of research on Devonian Bryozoa, especially revisionary studies of previously described faunas. Monographic bursts in diversity are present and are a measure of the episodic character of taxonomic studies on less popular phyla. Examination of the literature commonly provides a finer stratigraphic resolution than indicated in compilations such as the Zoological Record.Although some significant areas of the exposed continents have not received adequate study, Devonian bryozoans show marked geographic changes in diversity that can not be ascribed entirely to lack of study.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Bryozoa"
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Tsyganov-Bodounov, Anton. "Molecular systematics of Bryozoa." Thesis, Swansea University, 2008. https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa43148.
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Markham, J. B. "Studies on feeding in Bryozoa." Thesis, Swansea University, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.638002.
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Procedures to reduce errors in Coulter analyses - In counts of suspensions of algae and inert particles made with a negative external electrode (EE), neither total number of particles per unit volume of suspension nor mean cell or particle volume (MCV) ever changed. In contrast, a count made with a positive EE exhibited a substantial change in MCV. A review of published investigations of damage to red blood corpuscles caused by a count suggests that they are affected in a similar way. Function of the gizzard in Bryozoa - Five gizzard-bearers frequently displayed significantly greater ability to break diatom frustules, when compared with two other bryozoans. The species lacking a gizzard have good ability to separate valves of some diatoms frustules, even to the extent of equalling the percentage broken by the gizzard of <i>Bowerbankia</i>. However, bryozoans that possess a gizzard are small, too small to ingest a majority of the common diatoms. Selection of food by two marine bryozoans - The preferences of <i>Electra pilosa</i> and <i>Flustrellidra hispida</i> have been investigated. <i>E. pilosa</i>, offered mixtures of algae and pollen, did not distinguish between pollen and algal cells but preferentially selected foods of 15-40 um diameter. <i>E. pilosa</i> appears able to select particles with regard to size but not taste, and preferences are affected by total but not relative food concentration. <i>E. pilosa</i> and <i>F. hispida</i> have lophophores of greatly different size, but preferentially selected similar size categories from seston. These were those sizes most abundant in local seawater samples. Optimal design of the bryozoan lophophore - The lateral cilia of <i>Flustrellidra hispida</i> close the intertentacular gap over the proximal 30%, or less, of the length of the gap. A method was developed to study optimal design, and used to determine which characteristics of funnel morphology are optimized by natural selection.
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Fisher, E. M. "Competition for food in the Bryozoa." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.279719.
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Vieira, Leandro Manzoni. "Sistemática e distribuição dos briozoários marinhos do litoral de Maceió, Alagoas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41133/tde-12122008-103654/.
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Os briozoários compreendem um Filo de invertebrados geralmente coloniais, com aproximadamente 5.500 espécies descritas no mundo e apenas 346 relatadas para o Brasil. O presente trabalho trata do conhecimento sobre a diversidade de briozoários marinhos de águas rasas do Município de Maceió, Estado de Alagoas, incentivado pela carência de estudos na costa Nordeste do Brasil. Com os objetivos redescrever os táxons encontrados em Maceió e estudar suas variações morfológicas e distribuição espacial de acordo com o substrato ocupado pelas colônias, espécimes de briozoários foram coletados em 9 pontos no litoral de Maceió, em diferentes épocas do ano, durante períodos de marés baixas de sizígia. As colônias foram retiradas de diferentes substratos: seixos, rochas, algas, hidróides, ascídias, corais, poríferos, conchas, tubos de poliquetas, cracas e e construções antropogênicas. A identificação dos espécimes foi baseada em literatura específica e na comparação com materiais provenientes de outras regiões do Atlântico. Os espécimes foram estudados morfológica e morfometricamente quanto a caracteres macro e microscópicos, utilizando microscopia óptica e microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Foram encontradas 65 espécies, classificadas em 44 gênero e 36 famílias, com apenas dois táxons identificados no nível de família ou superior (uma espécie de Schizoporellidae e uma espécie de Lepraliomorpha). Duas espécies tiveram classificação incerta (Bowerbankia ?maxima e Bowerbankia aff. gracilis), e outras 20 espécies (32,5%) foram classificadas até o nível de gênero: Jellyella(1), Biflustra (1), Nellia (1), Bugula (2), Beania (1), Scrupocellaria (2), Puellina (1), Hippothoa (1), Trypostega (1), Reptadeonella (1), Celleporaria (1), Parasmittina (1), Hippoporina (1), Stylopoma (2), Cosciniopsis, (1), <Fenestrulina (1), e Trematooecia (1). Duas espécies foram registradas pela primeira vez na costa brasileira: Synnotum pembaense Waters, 1913 e Chlidonia pyriformis (Bertoloni, 1810). Um novo táxon foi descrito (VIEIRA et al., 2007), que representa também o primeiro relato do gênero Vasignyella Gordon, 1989 para o Atlântico. Entre os táxons encontrados, 1/3 compreendem formas conhecidas apenas no Atlântico e aproximadamente 1/3 são formas desconhecidas em outras localidades do Atlântico. Aproximadamente 50% das espécies ocorreram em somente um tipo de substrato e os principais substratos utilizados foram algas e rochas<br>Bryozoans are a mostly marine invertebrate phylum, generally colonial, comprising approximately 5.500 recent species worldwide, of which only 346 species are recorded for the Brazilian coast. Motivated by the lack of knowledge about the biodiversity of marine invertebrates on the northeastern Brazil, the goal of this study is to provide information about the systematics and distribution of marine bryozoans in shallow waters along the cost of Maceió, Alagoas state. The specimens were collected in 9 stations along the coast of Maceió, during spring tides and in different times of the year, and studied according to their morphological variation, distribution, and substratum occupied by the colonies. Colonies were collected in different substrata: rocks, algae, hydroids, ascidians, corals, sponges, mollusk shells, tube of worms, barnacles and anthropogenic surfaces. The identification of specimens was carried out using the literature available and through comparison with other samples from other localities in the Atlantic. The specimens were morphologically and morphometrically analyzed utilizing macro- and microscopic characters employing optical and scanning electron microscopy. Sixty five species were found, belonging to 44 genera and 36 families, of which two were only identified to a taxonomic rank at family level or higher (Schizoporellidae and Lepraliomorpha). Two species were considered incertae sedis (Bowerbankia ?maxima e Bowerbankia aff. gracilis), and other 20 species (32,5%) were determined only at genus level:Jellyella (1), Biflustra (1), Nellia (1), Bugula (2), Beania (1), Scrupocellaria (2), Puellina (1), Hippothoa (1), Trypostega (1), Reptadeonella (1), Celleporaria (1), Parasmittina (1), Hippoporina (1), Stylopoma (2), Cosciniopsis (1), Fenestrulina (1) and Trematooecia (1). Two species were recorded for first time on the Brazilian coast: Synnotum pembaense Waters, 1913 and Chlidonia pyriformis (Bertoloni, 1810). A new species was described (VIEIRA et al., 2007), being the first record for the genus Vasignyella Gordon, 1898 in Atlantic waters. Among the taxa found, 1/3 was restricted in distribution to the Atlantic, and another ~1/3 was not yet recorded for this ocean. About 50% of species were found only on one type of substratum, being algae and rocks the main substrata for the colonies studied.
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Tischler, Mark. "Secondary metabolites from selected British Columbian marine organisms." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26650.
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The two purine alkaloids, phidolopin (36) and desmethylphidolopin (37), originally isolated from Phidolopora pacifica, were synthesized in order to produce sufficient quantities of the natural products for extended biological and pharmacological screening and to confirm the previous structural assignment of 37 which was based on spectral data.
Various combinations of phidolopin (36), desmethylphidolopin (37), 4-hydroxymethyl-2-nitrophenol (38) and 4-methoxymethyl-2-nitrophenol (39) were isolated from four different species of bryozoans, Diaperoecia californica, Heteropora alaskensis, Tricellaria ternata and Hippodiplosia insculpta. A dietary origin is suggested for these metabolites. The red sponge, Anthoarcuata graceae yielded six novel steroids including the ∆⁴-3,6-diketosteroids 116, 117, the A-nor steroids anthosterone A (118) and anthosterone B (119) as well as two diosphenol containing steroids, 120 and 121. The proposed structures were based on a combination of spectral analysis, chemical interconversions, synthesis, and single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis.<br>Science, Faculty of<br>Chemistry, Department of<br>Graduate
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Boonzaaier, Melissa Kay. "Diversity and Zoogeography of South African Bryozoa." University of the Western Cape, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6308.
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Philosophiae Doctor - PhD (Biodiversity and Conservation Biology)<br>The taxonomic history of South African bryozoans is fragmented and outdated, with the
majority of published works in the 20th Century. Sampling gaps exist in deep-sea regions and
parts of the coastline, while existing collections within museums remain undetermined due to
scarcity of specialist taxonomists. This project forms part of a larger project aimed at updating
marine invertebrate biodiversity in South Africa. Outcomes of this project include updating
bryozoan biodiversity by identifying species from existing collections housed in natural history
museums (e.g., Iziko South African Museum, Cape Town and Natural History Museum,
London), and analysing current regional bryozoan biogeographical and depth-related species
richness patterns. The biogeography and richness of bryozoan species around South Africa
was investigated using published distribution records from the literature and museum
catalogues as well as examining un-worked bryozoan material from Iziko South African
Museum. A total of 368 species of bryozoans were recorded, including twelve new species
(Favosipora epiphyta sp. nov., Chaperiopsis (Chaperiopsis) yinca sp. nov., Aspidostoma
staghornea sp. nov., Micropora erecta sp. nov., Trypostega infantaensis sp. nov., Khulisa
ukhololo sp. nov., Adeonella assegai sp. nov., Celleporaria umuzi sp. nov., Hippomonavella
lingulatus sp. nov., Microporella lezinyosi sp. nov., Phidolopora cyclops sp. nov. and
Reteporella ilala sp. nov.) and 70 unidentified species. Distribution data for 286 valid species
were separated by depth zones (shallow waters, subphotic zone, shelf edge, bathyal zone and
abyss) and four biogeographic regions are recognised a priori around South Africa, namely the
west, south, southeast and east coasts. This study revealed that there is a clear biogeographic
structure to regional bryozoan fauna of South Africa. Species richness and endemism appear
lowest on the west coast (104 species) and highest on the south coast (174 species), while
local peaks are observed in the Cape Peninsula/False Bay area, East London, Durban and St.
Lucia, which coincide with distinct genetic lineages for some marine taxa (e.g. octocorals,
chitons, echinoderms, fishes, seaweeds). Although, the faunal break in Durban does not
represent a peak in species richness in this study, but rather very low bryozoan richness,
highlighting the undersampled areas north of Durban. The northward-flowing Benguela Current
and strong upwelling centres may influence the low diversity on the west coast. On the south
coast, the high diversity may be attributed to the Agulhas Current that can carry larvae
southwards and eastward-flowing counter currents produce great variability in bryozoan
communities in this region. Within any biogeographic region, bryozoan diversity was higher in
shallower (< 500 m) than deeper waters, which may be attributed to sampling effort and
heterogeneity (e.g. variable substrate and wave action) in shallower waters.
Keywords: Bryozoa, distribution patterns, gradients, species richness, South Africa
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Bayer, Micha. "Genetic determinism, inducible morphology and phenotypic plasticity in the marine bryozoan Electra pilosa (L.)." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/14623.
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The marine bryozoan Electra pilosa typically inhabits ephemeral substrata in the intertidal and shallow subtidal, and is probably the ecologically most successful bryozoan species in British waters. Modular organisms like E. pilosa frequently evolve pronounced phenotypic plasticity to cope with the ecological challenges resulting from passive larval dispersal into unpredictable habitats, and temporal variability of the environment colonized by the immobile adult stage. E. pilosa colonies on wave-exposed shores differ morphologically from those found on sheltered shores in possessing numerous long-spined zooids. The present study demonstrates that spine formation in E. pilosa is environmentally inducible by wave-related abrasion by macroalgae; additionally, the spines also have a fortuitous anti-predator effect in discouraging predation by the nudibranchs Adalaria proxima and Polycera quadrilineata. It is suggested that the inducible spines of E. pilosa constitute an adaptation for the protection of feeding polypides in high-energy environments, and that plasticity for the trait is of adaptive value in this organism which exploits a diverse range of habitats. Although a number of traits in this species clearly are subject to considerable phenotypic plasticity, other attributes apparently are highly deterministic, heritable and genotype-specific. Electra pilosa displays pronounced among-genotype variation in colony growth rate, and the present study shows that this variation is due to proximate factors which affect growth rate and covary with genotype. This study also presents the first evidence of senescence at the zooid level in E. pilosa: Zooids deteriorate systematically over time, as indicated by decreasing polypide life spans and increasing polypide regeneration times, but in contrast to this, whole-organism senescence does not appear to occur in this species.
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Nascimento, Karine Bianca. "Investigação do padrão de distribuição do briozoário cosmopolita Zoobotryon verticillatum (Ctenostomata, Vesiculariidae), através de dados moleculares." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41133/tde-24092015-103445/.
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Zoobotryon verticillatum (delle Chiaje, 1822) é um briozoário cosmopolita amplamente distribuído em regiões tropicais e temperadas em todos os oceanos. Por possuir meios de distribuição natural restritos, é possível supor que o táxon se trate de um complexo de espécies crípticas ou de uma espécie vastamente introduzida por ação antrópica. Para elucidar essa questão, foram realizadas análises populacionais e filogenéticas utilizando-se dois genes mitocôndrias, citocromo c oxidase subunidade 1 região 3\' (COI-3P) e subunidade ribossomal RNA 16S (16S). As análises filogenéticas suportaram o monofiletismo de Z. verticillatum e, juntamente com as análises populacionais, indicam que é uma única espécie distribuída mundialmente. A falta de uma estrutura geográfica evidente nas redes haplotípicas, a ausência majoritária de relacionamentos dicotômicos e clados altamente suportados (pp >= 5%) nas árvores filogenéticas, a falta de resultados significativos na maioria dos teste D e Fs realizados, a baixa diversidade genética em nível populacional e a falta de diferenciação genética entre a maioria das populações comparadas são compatíveis com um processo distribuição antrópico para Z. verticillatum. No entanto, com base nos resultados obtidos durante esta pesquisa, não é possível inferir um possível centro de dispersão ou local de origem para a espécie.<br>Zoobotryon verticillatum (delle Chiaje, 1822) is a cosmopolitan bryozoan largely distributed in tropical and temperate waters of all oceans. With limited natural dispersal capabilities, it is reasonable to suppose that the taxon is a complex of cryptic species or a widespread species due to anthropogenic activity. In order to elucidate this question, analyses of two mitochondrial genes, cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) and ribosomal RNA subunit (16S) were conducted. Phylogenetic data supported the monophyletism of Z. verticillatum and, together with the population analysis, indicated that it is one species with worldwide distribution. The absence of geographical structure in the haplotype networks, the majority absence of dichotomous relationships, and highly supported clades (pp >= 5%) in phylogenetic trees, the lack of significance in the D test and Fs statistics, the low genetic diversity at the population level and the lack of genetic differentiation between most of the population comparison are consistent with anthropogenic introduction process for Z. verticillatum. However, based on the results obtained during this study, it is not yet possible to infer the center of dispersion for the species.
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Vieira, Leandro Manzoni. "Revisão taxonômica do gênero Scrupocellaria van Beneden (Bryozoa, Candidae)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41133/tde-01052013-152058/.
Full textAbstract:
O gênero Scrupocellaria senso lato (Família Candidae) compreende Ca. 92 espécies, 20 fósseis e 72 recentes. Muitas dessas espécies são morfologicamente semelhantes ou tratadas como tendo grande plasticidade morfológica, as quais consequentemente têm ampla distribuição mundial. Embora o gênero tenha uma longa história taxonômica e seus representantes sejam abundantes e comuns desde as regiões entremares até mais de 1,000 metros de profundidade, estudos taxonômicos do gênero são escassos. Os objetivos desse estudo são: (i) realizar o levantamento das espécies de Scrupocellaria, (ii) delimitar a variação morfológica intraespecífica das espécies, (iii) analisar a morfologia comparada de Scrupocellaria visando propor uma hipótese de relações filogenéticas entre as espécies do gênero. O estudo inclui colônias coletadas em vários pontos da costa brasileira, bem como espécimes depositados em coleções científicas nacionais e internacionais. Alguns espécimes foram selecionados para observação em Microscópio Eletrônico de Varredura. Entre os espécimes estudados foram incluídos 32 holótipos, sintipos de 22 espécies e 1 lectótipo. Várias estruturas morfológicas foram utilizadas pela primeira vez na distinção dos táxons, e.g. forma da superfície dos rizoides, tamanho dos vibraculários basais, tamanho e forma dos aviculários frontais e laterais. O lectótipo de Scrupocellaria reptans foi escolhido para redefinir a identidade dos espécimes descritos por Carolus Linnaeus, distintos de uma nova espécie descrita para o Mar do Norte pela forma do escudo, tamanho dos zooides e rizoides cilíndricos sem ganchos em sua superfície. Scrupocellaria jolloisii é relatada pela primeira vez no Atlântico e classificada no gênero Licornia, nome que é ressuscitado para incluir outras 9 espécies: Licornia annectens n. comb., Licornia cervicornis n. comb., Licornia cyclostoma n. comb., Licornia diadema n. comb., Licornia ferox n. comb., Licornia gaspari n. comb., Licornia longispinosa n. comb., Licornia macropora n. comb. e Licornia prolata n. comb. Um novo gênero, N.gen.1, é criado para acomodar Scrupocellaria bertholletii (Audouin, 1826). Outras 26 espécies, 19 das quais descritas como novas, são classificadas em N.gen.1, e uma chave dicotômica para as espécies do gênero é apresentada. Um estudo filogenético, baseado em 35 caracteres morfológicos de 84 espécies de Candidae, indica que o gênero Scrupocellaria compreende um táxon polifilético e que o gênero N.gen.1 é monofilético. Scrupocellaria \'sensu stricto\' é redefinido utilizando quatro características morfológicas: câmara vibracular com sulco do vibráculo curvo e obliquo, ectooécio com fenestra frontal, 2 vibraculários axiais e opérculo membranoso com margem distal distinta. Assim, Scrupocellaria \'sensu stricto\' inclui 10 espécies: Scrupocellaria aegeensis, Scrupocellaria delilii, Scrupocellaria harmeri, Scrupocellaria incurvata, Scrupocellaria inermis, Scrupocellaria intermedia, Scrupocellaria jullieni, Scrupocellaria minuta, Scrupocellaria scrupea, e Scrupocellaria scruposa. Cinco gêneros são criados para acomodar outras espécies classificadas anteriormente como Scrupocellaria, distintos pela forma do escudo e espinhos orais, forma do vibraculários e forma dos ovicelos. O presente estudo revelou uma diversidade ainda desconhecida para vários grupos de Candidae, e mostra a necessidade de mais estudos sobre a taxonomia e filogenia da família, para a melhor compreensão da distribuição, variação morfológica e relação filogenética entre os táxons<br>The genus Scrupocellaria sensu lato (Family Candidae) comprises about 92 species, 20 fossil and 72 Recent. Many of the species are morphologically similar or have been treated taxonomically as having a high degree of morphological plasticity, with distributions of many of the species being reported to be \"worldwide\". Despite the long taxonomic history of Scrupocellaria and its occurrence in habitats ranging from intertidal to deep water, taxonomic studies of the genus are scarce. Therefore the purpose of this study was: (i) to carry out a species survey of Scrupocellaria, (ii) to delimit the intraspecific morphological variations of species, (iii) to analyze the comparative morphology of Scrupocellaria in order to propose a hypothesis of phylogenetic relationships between species of the genus. This study included both colonies collected in various localities on Brazilian coast and material of non-Brazilian species deposited at scientific collections around the world. All specimens were studied by light microscopy. Some specimens were also chosen for study with the scanning electron microscope. Specimens studied included holotypes of 32 species, syntypes of 22 species and 1 lectotype. Some morphological characters were used for the first time to distinguish taxa, e.g. rhizoidal surface, size of abfrontal vibracula, and shape of lateral and frontal avicularia. The lectotype of Scrupocellaria reptans was selected to redescribe and define the identity of the type species of Scrupocellaria from specimens described by Carolus Linnaeus, and to show its distinction from a newly described species from North Sea by means of the shape of scuta, size of zooids and, occurence of rhizoids with retroussé hooks. Scrupocellaria jolloisii is reported by first time in the Atlantic Ocean and placed in the genus Licornia, a name resurrected to acommodate 9 species formerly placed in Scrupocellaria: Licornia annectens n. comb., Licornia cervicornis n. comb., Licornia cyclostoma n. comb., Licornia diadema n. comb., Licornia ferox n. comb., Licornia gaspari n. comb., Licornia longispinosa n. comb., Licornia macropora n. comb. e Licornia prolata n. comb. A new genus, N.gen.1, is described to include Scrupocellaria bertholletii. Twenty-six species, 19 of them described as new, are assigned to N.gen.1, and a taxonomic key for species of that genus is presented. A phylogenetic study using 35 morphological characters of 84 Candidae species suggests that the genus Scrupocellaria is a polyphyletic taxa and the genus N.gen.1 is a monophyletic taxa. Scrupocellaria \'sensu stricto\' is redefined according to four morphological features: vibracular chamber with curved setal groove, ooecium with a single ectooecial fenestra, two axillary vibracula and a membranous operculum with a distinct distal rim. Thus Scrupocellaria \'sensu stricto\' includes 10 species: Scrupocellaria aegeensis, Scrupocellaria delilii, Scrupocellaria harmeri, Scrupocellaria incurvata, Scrupocellaria inermis, Scrupocellaria intermedia, Scrupocellaria jullieni, Scrupocellaria minuta, Scrupocellaria scrupea, and Scrupocellaria scruposa. Five genera are erected to include other species previously assigned to Scrupocellaria; they are distinct in the shape of scuta and oral spines, the shape of vibracular chamber and the surface of ovicells. The study revealed a high diversity in some groups of Candidae and the necessity of additional studies on taxonomy and phylogeny of the family to provide a better understanding of distributions, morphological variation, and phylogenetic relationships between the taxa
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Sabri, Zakaria. "Révision systématique du genre Lichenopora Defrance, 1823 (Bryozoa, Cyclostomata)." Lyon 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LYO11763.
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Ce travail porte sur la revision systematique du genre lichenopora defrance 1823. On discute la validite du genre disporella considere comme synonyme de lichenopora; deux groupes ont ete identifie: les lichenopores discoides et les lichenopores lamellaires. On precise la repartition stratigraphique de quatre especes, la repartition paleogeographique du genre lichenopora du cretace jusqu'a l'actuel ainsi que les tendances evolutives et les liens phyletiques existants entre certaines especes
Books on the topic "Bryozoa"
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Zágoršek, Kamil. Eocene bryozoa from Hungary. Frankfurt am Main: Senckenbirgische Naturforschende Gesellschaft, 2001.
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Wellington), International Bryozoology Conference (10th 1995 Victoria University of. Bryozoans in space and time: Proceedings of the 10th International Bryozoology Conference, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand, 1995. Wellington, N.Z: NIWA, 1996.
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International, Conference on Bryozoa (9th 1992 School of Biological Sciences University of Wales Swansea). Biology and palaeobiology of Bryozoans: Proceedings of the 9th International Bryozoology Conference, School of Biological Sciences, University of Wales, Swansea, 1992. Fredensborg, Denmark: Olsen & Olsen, 1994.
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International Conference on Bryozoa (6th 1983 Vienna Austria). Bryozoa: Ordovician to recent : papers presented at the 6th International Conference on Bryozoa, Vienna, Austria, 1983. Fredensborg: Olsen & Olsen, 1985.
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Conference, International Bryozoology Association. Proceedings of the 11th International Bryozoology Association Conference: Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Republic of Panama, January 26-31, 1998. Balboa, Republic of Panama: The Institute, 2000.
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Hayward, P. J. Cyclostome bryozoans: Keys and notes for the identification of the species. London: Published for the Linnean Society of London and the Estuarine and Brackish-Water Sciences Association by E.J. Brill, 1985.
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Gori͡unova, R. V. Morfologii͡a, sistema i filogenii͡a mshanok, otri͡ad Rhabdomesida. Moskva: "Nauka", 1985.
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International Bryozoology Conference (14th 2007 Boone, North Carolina). Bryozoan studies 2007: Proceedings of the 14th International Bryozoology Association Conference, Boone, North Carolina, July 1-8, 2007. Edited by Hageman, Steven J. (Steven James), 1962-, Key Marcus M. Jr, and Winston Judith E. Martinsville, Va: Virginia Museum of Natural History, 2008.
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International Conference on Bryozoa (7th 1986 Bellingham, Wash.). Bryozoa: Present and past : papers presented at the 7th International Conference on Bryozoa, Bellingham, Washington, 1986. Bellingham, WA: Western Washington University, 1987.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Bryozoa"
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Cuffey, Roger J. "Bryozoa." In Encyclopedia of Modern Coral Reefs, 172–77. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2639-2_51.
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Fish, J. D., and S. Fish. "Bryozoa." In A Student’s Guide to the Seashore, 356–66. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5888-6_18.
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Pandian, T. J. "Bryozoa." In Reproduction and Development in Minor Phyla, 195–216. First edition. | Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2021. | Series:: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003057512-28.
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Streble, Heinz, and Annegret Bäuerle. "Moostierchen – Bryozoa." In Histologie der Tiere, 126–27. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-53160-0_18.
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Ross, J. R. P. "Permian Bryozoa." In The Permian of Northern Pangea, 196–209. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78593-1_13.
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Clauss, Wolfgang, and Cornelia Clauss. "Bryozoa, Kamptozoa." In Taschenatlas Zoologie, 232–33. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-61593-5_30.
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Clauss, Wolfgang, and Cornelia Clauss. "Bryozoa, Kamptozoa." In Taschenatlas Zoologie, 232–33. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-61593-5_30.
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Kriska, György. "Moss Animals – Bryozoa." In Freshwater Invertebrates in Central Europe, 374–77. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-1547-3_23.
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Gontar, Valentina I., and Nina V. Denisenko. "Arctic Ocean Bryozoa." In The Arctic Seas, 341–71. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0677-1_14.
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Kriska, György. "Moss Animals: Bryozoa." In Freshwater Invertebrates in Central Europe, 509–18. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-95323-2_22.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Bryozoa"
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Moravcova, Vendula, Jana Moravcova, Vaclav Bystricky, and Jakob Polensky. "EFFECT OF FREEZING ON THE STATOBLAST OF THE INVASIVE BRYOZOAN PECTINATELLA MAGNIFICA." In 24th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2024, 117–22. STEF92 Technology, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2024/5.1/s20.15.
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Statoblasts are dormant, asexual propagules critical for the survival and dispersal of bryozoans, such as Pectinatella magnifica. Understanding the resilience of statoblasts to environmental stresses is crucial for predicting the response of bryozoan populations to changing conditions. This study investigates the effect of freezing on the viability of statoblasts from P. magnifica. Statoblasts were collected from Pectinatella magnifica colonies in the Protected Landscape area and Biospheric Reservation Trebonsko. Molecular analyses were used to assess the freezing effect on the statoblasts, especially analyses of the amount and quality of extracted DNA. Statoblasts were subjected to varying degrees of freezing temperatures and durations to simulate natural and extreme conditions. Preliminary findings suggest that freezing significantly affects statoblast viability and germination potential, with survival rates varying depending on the intensity and duration of freezing. Furthermore, differential responses among statoblast populations from diverse habitats highlight potential adaptations to local environmental conditions. These results contribute to our understanding of bryozoan life history strategies and their resilience to environmental stressors, providing insights into the ecological dynamics of freshwater ecosystems. Further research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying statoblast responses to freezing and their implications for bryozoan population dynamics in changing environments.
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Sternhell, G., Paul D. Taylor, and D. Itzhak. "Galvanic Effects of Various Metallic Couples on Marine Biofouling in a Coral Reef Environment." In CORROSION 2002, 1–11. NACE International, 2002. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2002-02183.
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Abstract Galvanic couples consisting rings of commercial copper, aluminum 6061 and brass 70Cu/30Zn were directly connected to the following metals plates: UNS S30403, S31603 and S31254 stainless steels, UNS R52400 and R53400 titanium alloys, zirconium 705, UNS N10276 nickel based super-alloys and commercial copper. The ring-plate couples were immersed in the coral reef environment in Red Sea, Eilat, at a depth of 6 meters for a period of one month during December 2000. X – ray diffraction of the metallic surfaces connected to aluminum 6061 rings detected enhanced electrochemical calcification of calcium carbonate in crystalline structure of aragonite and calcite. No biofouling was observed on commercial copper and brass 70Cu/30Zn rings. Weight loss was detected in commercial copper and brass 70Cu/30Zn rings and colored corrosion products were observed on the surfaces. The metal plates that were connected to commercial copper and brass 70Cu/30Zn rings were covered with non-adhesive sand and small amount of biofouling organisms such as tube worms, Ascidian tunicate and in one case a runner-like bryozoans (Crisia and Aetea). In galvanic couples with commercial copper and brass 70Cu/30Zn rings, the copper alloys acted as anodes and the metals alloys plates as cathodes. A biocidic effect of the dissolved copper ions in the near environment including the connected metal plates was detected. In all the cases of galvanic couples consisting of aluminum 6061 rings that were directly connected to the alloy plates, heavy marine biofouling was observed. Enhanced electro-chemical precipitation of calcium carbonate in crystalline form of aragonite and calcite was observed on all the metallic surfaces. Bryozoans of various species were the main recruits observed on aluminum galvanic couples. Other sessile organisms were identified as Ascidian tunicate and filamentous algae.
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Nalepa, Christopher J. "25 Years of Bromine Chemistry in Industrial Water Systems: A Review." In CORROSION 2004, 1–30. NACE International, 2004. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2004-04087.
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Abstract Bromine chemistry is used to great advantage in nature for fouling control by a number of sessile marine organisms such as sponges, seaweeds, and bryozoans. Such organisms produce small quantities of brominated organic compounds that effectively help keep their surfaces clean of problem bacteria, fungi, and algae. For over two decades, bromine chemistry has been used to similar advantage in the treatment of industrial water systems. The past several years in particular has seen the development of several diverse bromine product forms – one-drum stabilized bromine liquids, all-bromine hydantoin solids, and pumpable gels. The purpose of this paper is to review the development of bromine chemistry in industrial water treatment, discuss characteristics of the new product forms, and speculate on future developments.
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Schack, Carolann, Dennis P. Gordon, Ken G. Ryan, and Lee Hsiang Liow. "EVOLUTION OF DEFENSE: TRADEOFFS AND CONVERGENCE IN BRYOZOA." In GSA Connects 2023 Meeting in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Geological Society of America, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2023am-391522.
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Ozhgibesov, V. P. "PALEONTOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION AND DIGITAL MODEL OF FENESTELLIDA (BRYOZOA)." In Проблемы минералогии, петрографии и металлогении. Научные чтения памяти П. Н. Чирвинского. Пермский государственный национальный исследовательский университет, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/chirvinsky.2021.155.
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Measurements of parameters of a formula of the main sizes of mesh colonies are carried out on sites of bifurcation of rods. At the same time one sign “quantity of rods on 10 mm” breaks up to two: “linear frequency of rods on a colony site before bifurcation” and “the linear frequency of rods on a colony site after bifurcation”. For the characteristic of quantitative parameters such concepts as “scope”, Average between the smallest and greatest values of a sign., “median” are used. Measurements are carried out on small selection of the measured parameters that is often caused by degree of safety of stone material.
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Samuels-Fair, Maya, and Sarah Leventhal. "THE EFFECT OF LARVAL BROODING ON DIVERSIFICATION RATES IN CHEILOSTOME BRYOZOA FROM THE CRETACEOUS TO RECENT." In GSA Connects 2023 Meeting in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Geological Society of America, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2023am-393866.
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Roberts, Gillian K., Cynthia R. Domack, and Victor P. Tollerton. "A REFERENCE COLLECTION OF DEVONIAN CNIDARIA AND BRYOZOA FROM THE GEER ROAD QUARRY IN EATON, NEW YORK." In 54th Annual GSA Northeastern Section Meeting - 2019. Geological Society of America, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2019ne-328042.
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Thaler, Caroline, Magali Ader, Magali Bonifacie, Benedicte Menez, Annachiara Bartolini, Pascale Louvat, Claire Rollion-Bard, and Guillaume Paris. "Biomineralization against all odds: Strategies of bacteria, foraminifera and bryozoa to control precipitation, mineralogy, and pH against environmental conditions." In Goldschmidt2021. France: European Association of Geochemistry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7185/gold2021.7268.
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Jayasoma, Kushani, Laura M. Otter, Luiz F. G. Morales, and Dorrit E. Jacob. "Challenges for the microanalysis of biocalcite: a case study on the structural and compositional characterization of marine calcifiers (Bryozoa)." In 13th Asia Pacific Microscopy Congress 2025. ScienceOpen, 2025. https://doi.org/10.14293/apmc13-2025-0294.
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Hageman, Steven J., and Andrej Ernst. "CHARACTER STATE EVOLUTION IN A NEW PHYLUM: RADIATION OF BRYOZOA DURING THE EARLY TO MIDDLE ORDOVICIAN, WITH A DAPINGIAN TO DARRIWILIAN TRANSITION." In GSA Annual Meeting in Phoenix, Arizona, USA - 2019. Geological Society of America, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2019am-333517.
Full textReports on the topic "Bryozoa"
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Bolton, T. E. Early Silurian Bryozoa From the Clemville Formation of the Port Daniel Region, Gaspe Peninsula, Quebec. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/120634.
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Bolton, T. E. Middle Ordovician bryozoa from the northern Rocky Mountains, British Columbia and the southern Mackenzie Mountains, District of Mackenzie. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/208170.
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Bolton, T. E., H. M. Steele-Petrovich, and I. Munro. Middle ordovician [chazyan] stratigraphy, and bryozoan and conodont faunas in the Hawkesbury region, eastern Ontario. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/132677.
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Bolton, T. E., and J. R. P. Ross. The cryptostomate bryozoan sceptropora [rhabdomesina, arthrostylidae] from upper ordovician rocks of southern Mackenzie Mountains, District of Mackenzie. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/120023.
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Shaffer, Austin, John-Paul Hodnett, Vincent Santucci, Justin Tweet, John-Paul Hodnett, Vincent Santucci, Austin Shaffer, and Justin Tweet. Cuyahoga Valley National Park: Paleontological resource inventory (public version). National Park Service, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2306411.
Full textAbstract:
Cuyahoga Valley National Park (CUVA) was established as Cuyahoga River National Recreation Area on December 27, 1974, to preserve and protect the Cuyahoga River Valley and its historic, scenic, natural, and recreational values. While not explicitly mentioned in the park?s mission statement, paleontological resources preserved at CUVA are nevertheless of importance, particularly when considering the significant fossil discoveries made elsewhere across northeast Ohio. The upper Paleozoic geologic strata of CUVA encompass sedimentary rocks dating from the Late Devonian to the Early Pennsylvanian, recording a series of shallow marine and coastal riverine environments. Within these rocks, a diverse assortment of fossil organisms is preserved at the park, including corals, bryozoans, brachiopods, bivalves, cephalopods, gastropods, arthropods, crinoids, early land plants, fish, and more. To comprehensively assess the paleontological resources at CUVA, a field inventory was conducted from April to June 2024. Fifteen notable paleontological localities were documented in the park during this inventory, with several potentially significant new fossil discoveries made as well, such as rare Early Mississippian tetrapodomorph material. A review of published and gray literature supplemented the 2024 fieldwork. Between the fossil discoveries of the 2024 field inventory and previous research conducted within the park, it is clear that significant paleontological resources occur within CUVA. Future research on these fossils holds a high likelihood of yielding important scientific information as well as potential new species. This report provides foundational data on the scope, significance, and distribution of paleontological resources at CUVA and provides recommendations to support the management, interpretation, and research of these resources.
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Tweet, Justin, Vincent Santucci, Vincent Santucci, and Justin Tweet. Effigy Mounds National Monument: Paleontological resource inventory (public version). National Park Service, 2025. https://doi.org/10.36967/2307451.
Full textAbstract:
Effigy Mounds National Monument (EFMO) in northeastern Iowa was proclaimed on October 25, 1949, to protect a significant concentration of Native American burial mounds, many of which were built in the shapes of animals such as bears. Many of these effigy mounds are found atop commanding bluffs flanking the Yellow River at its junction with the Mississippi River. The geology of the monument has not been a central interest in its history, but the rocks contain evidence of millions of years of shallow marine life from the early Paleozoic. Paleozoic fossils were first documented at what is now EFMO in the mid-19th century, with few other reports. This inventory is the first report to focus on the paleontological resources of EFMO, documenting the scope, significance, distribution, and management issues associated with these non-renewable resources. It is based on two field visits that took place in July and November 2023. The bedrock geology exposed within EFMO includes several rock formations dating from between roughly 490 and 450 million years ago, from the end of the Cambrian into the Late Ordovician. These formations capture parts of two major cycles of marine transgression and regression, with a depositional hiatus between them. These rocks were deposited in and near shallow continental seas at a time when the Upper Midwest was at tropical latitudes south of the equator. A variety of fossils have been observed in the Jordan Formation (late Cambrian age), Prairie du Chien Group (Early Ordovician), and Platteville Formation (Late Ordovician). Most of the fossils in the two older units are burrows and other trace fossils. The Platteville Formation includes fossils of a much broader array of life. More than two dozen distinct fossil forms, most identifiable to a genus, have been recognized from the Platteville Formation at EFMO. The fossils belong to a typical Platteville assemblage of horn corals, bryozoans, brachiopods, bivalves, nautiloids, gastropods, trilobites, ostracodes, crinoids, and others. EFMO also has a small Holocene record from Founders Pond that is useful for reconstructing the monument?s ecology during the time when the mounds were built. In addition to the above, this report documents cultural associations with paleontological resources and the monument?s museum collections (including the extensive fossil collections of foundational figure Ellison Orr). Discussion and recommendations for research, interpretation, and paleontological resource management are included in this report.
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Tweet, Justin, Vincent Santucci, Vincent Santucci, and Justin Tweet. Effigy Mounds National Monument: Paleontological resource inventory (sensitive version). National Park Service, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2306478.
Full textAbstract:
Effigy Mounds National Monument (EFMO) in northeastern Iowa was proclaimed on October 25, 1949 to protect a significant concentration of Native American burial mounds, many of which were built in the shapes of animals such as bears. Many of these effigy mounds are found atop commanding bluffs flanking the Yellow River at its junction with the Mississippi River. The geology of the monument has not been a central interest in its history, but the rocks contain evidence of millions of years of shallow marine life from the early Paleozoic. Paleozoic fossils were first documented at what is now EFMO in the mid-19th century, with few other reports. This inventory is the first report to focus on the paleontological resources of EFMO, documenting the scope, significance, distribution, and management issues associated with these non-renewable resources. It is based around two field visits that took place in July and November 2023. The bedrock geology exposed within EFMO includes several rock formations dating from between roughly 490 and 450 million years ago, from the end of the Cambrian into the Late Ordovician. These formations capture parts of two major cycles of marine transgression and regression, with a depositional hiatus between. These rocks were deposited in and near shallow continental seas, at a time when the Upper Midwest was at tropical latitudes south of the Equator. A variety of fossils have been observed in the Jordan Formation (late Cambrian age), Prairie du Chien Group (Early Ordovician), and Platteville Formation (Late Ordovician). Most of the fossils in the two older units are burrows and other trace fossils. The Platteville Formation includes fossils of a much broader array of life. More than two dozen distinct fossil forms, most identifiable to a genus, have been recognized from the Platteville Formation at EFMO. The fossils belong to a typical Platteville assemblage of horn corals, bryozoans, brachiopods, bivalves, nautiloids, gastropods, trilobites, ostracodes, crinoids, and others. Fossiliferous areas are uncommon in EFMO but predictable. EFMO also has a small Holocene record from Founders Pond that is useful for reconstructing the monument?s ecology during the time when the mounds were built. In addition to the above, this report documents cultural associations with paleontological resources and the monument?s museum collections (including the extensive fossil collections of foundational figure Ellison Orr). Discussion and recommendations for research, interpretation, and paleontological resource management are included.
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Chriscoe, Mackenzie, Rowan Lockwood, Justin Tweet, and Vincent Santucci. Colonial National Historical Park: Paleontological resource inventory (public version). National Park Service, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2291851.
Full textAbstract:
Colonial National Historical Park (COLO) in eastern Virginia was established for its historical significance, but significant paleontological resources are also found within its boundaries. The bluffs around Yorktown are composed of sedimentary rocks and deposits of the Yorktown Formation, a marine unit deposited approximately 4.9 to 2.8 million years ago. When the Yorktown Formation was being deposited, the shallow seas were populated by many species of invertebrates, vertebrates, and micro-organisms which have left body fossils and trace fossils behind. Corals, bryozoans, bivalves, gastropods, scaphopods, worms, crabs, ostracodes, echinoids, sharks, bony fishes, whales, and others were abundant. People have long known about the fossils of the Yorktown area. Beginning in the British colonial era, fossiliferous deposits were used to make lime and construct roads, while more consolidated intervals furnished building stone. Large shells were used as plates and dippers. Collection of specimens for study began in the late 17th century, before they were even recognized as fossils. The oldest image of a fossil from North America is of a typical Yorktown Formation shell now known as Chesapecten jeffersonius, probably collected from the Yorktown area and very likely from within what is now COLO. Fossil shells were observed by participants of the 1781 siege of Yorktown, and the landmark known as “Cornwallis Cave” is carved into rock made of shell fragments. Scientific description of Yorktown Formation fossils began in the early 19th century. At least 25 fossil species have been named from specimens known to have been discovered within COLO boundaries, and at least another 96 have been named from specimens potentially discovered within COLO, but with insufficient locality information to be certain. At least a dozen external repositories and probably many more have fossils collected from lands now within COLO, but again limited locality information makes it difficult to be sure. This paleontological resource inventory is the first of its kind for Colonial National Historical Park (COLO). Although COLO fossils have been studied as part of the Northeast Coastal Barrier Network (NCBN; Tweet et al. 2014) and, to a lesser extent, as part of a thematic inventory of caves (Santucci et al. 2001), the park had not received a comprehensive paleontological inventory before this report. This inventory allows for a deeper understanding of the park’s paleontological resources and compiles information from historical papers as well as recently completed field work. In summer 2020, researchers went into the field and collected eight bulk samples from three different localities within COLO. These samples will be added to COLO’s museum collections, making their overall collection more robust. In the future, these samples may be used for educational purposes, both for the general public and for employees of the park.
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Rich, Megan, Charles Beightol, Christy Visaggi, Justin Tweet, and Vincent Santucci. Vicksburg National Military Park: Paleontological resource inventory (sensitive version). National Park Service, March 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2297321.
Full textAbstract:
Vicksburg National Military Park (VICK) was established for its historical significance as a one of the principle military sieges resulting in a turning point during the American Civil War. The steep terrain around the city of Vicksburg was integral in the military siege, providing high vantage points and a substrate that was easy to entrench for the armies, but unknown to many is the fossil content, particularly a diversity of fossil mollusks. These fossils at VICK are important paleontological resources which have yet to receive focused attention from park staff, visitors, and researchers. The park’s geology is dominated by windblown silt from the last Ice Age which overlays river-transported gravels and bedrock of the late Oligocene–early Miocene-age Catahoula Formation or early Oligocene Vicksburg Group. The park is home to the type section (a geological reference locality upon which a formation is based) for the Mint Spring Formation, one of the most fossiliferous formations in this group (Henderson et al. 2022). Beginning roughly 32 million years ago (Dockery 2019), the early Oligocene deposits of the Vicksburg Group were deposited as the sea level along the Gulf Coast shore repeatedly rose and fell. The eponymously named Vicksburg Group is comprised of, from oldest to youngest, the Forest Hill, Mint Spring, Marianna Limestone, Glendon Limestone, Byram, and Bucatunna Formations. Each of these formations are within VICK’s boundaries, in addition to outcrops of the younger Catahoula Formation. Paleozoic fossils transported by the ancestral Mississippi River have also been redeposited within VICK as pre-loess stream gravels. Overlying these layers is the Quaternary-age silt which composes the loess found throughout VICK, meaning the park’s fossils span the entire Phanerozoic Eon. The fossils of VICK consist mostly of near-shore marine Oligocene invertebrates including corals, bryozoans, bivalves, gastropods, scaphopods, ostracods, and more, though terrestrial and freshwater snails of the loess, microfossils, plant fossils, occasional vertebrates, and others can also be found in the park. Notable historical figures such as Charles Alexandre Lesueur, Charles Lyell, and John Wesley Powell all collected fossils or studied geology in the Vicksburg area. The Vicksburg Group is culturally relevant as well, as the Glendon Limestone Formation has been identified by its embedded fossils as a source rock for Native American effigy pipes. This paleontological resource inventory is the first of its kind for VICK. Although Vicksburg fossils have most recently been studied as part of the Gulf Coast Inventory & Monitoring Network (Kenworthy et al. 2007), the park has never received a comprehensive, dedicated fossil inventory before this report. At least 27 fossil species, listed in Appendix B, have been named and described from specimens collected from within VICK’s lands, and VICK fossils can be found at six or more non-NPS museum repositories. Beginning in January 2022, field surveys were undertaken at VICK, covering nearly all the park’s wooded areas, streams, and other portions beyond the preserved trenches and tour road. Fossils were collected or observed at 72 localities. These specimens will be added into VICK’s museum collections, which previously contained no paleontological resources. Considering the minimal attention dedicated to these resources in the past, these newly acquired fossil specimens may be used in the future for educational, interpretive, or research purposes. Future park construction needs should take into account the protection of these resources by avoiding important localities or allowing collection efforts before localities become inaccessible or lost.
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Tweet, Justin, Holley Flora, Summer Weeks, Eathan McIntyre, and Vincent Santucci. Grand Canyon-Parashant National Monument: Paleontological resource inventory (public version). National Park Service, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2289972.
Full textAbstract:
Grand Canyon-Parashant National Monument (PARA) in northwestern Arizona has significant paleontological resources, which are recognized in the establishing presidential proclamation. Because of the challenges of working in this remote area, there has been little documentation of these resources over the years. PARA also has an unusual management situation which complicates resource management. The majority of PARA is administered by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM; this land is described here as PARA-BLM), while about 20% of the monument is administered by the National Park Service (NPS; this land is described here as PARA-NPS) in conjunction with Lake Mead National Recreation Area (LAKE). Parcels of state and private land are scattered throughout the monument. Reports of fossils within what is now PARA go back to at least 1914. Geologic and paleontologic reports have been sporadic over the past century. Much of what was known of the paleontology before the 2020 field inventory was documented by geologists focused on nearby Grand Canyon National Park (GRCA) and LAKE, or by students working on graduate projects; in either case, paleontology was a secondary topic of interest. The historical record of fossil discoveries in PARA is dominated by Edwin McKee, who reported fossils from localities in PARA-NPS and PARA-BLM as part of larger regional projects published from the 1930s to the 1980s. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has mapped the geology of PARA in a series of publications since the early 1980s. Unpublished reports by researchers from regional institutions have documented paleontological resources in Quaternary caves and rock shelters. From September to December 2020, a field inventory was conducted to better understand the scope and distribution of paleontological resources at PARA. Thirty-eight localities distributed across the monument and throughout its numerous geologic units were documented extensively, including more than 420 GPS points and 1,300 photos, and a small number of fossil specimens were collected and catalogued under 38 numbers. In addition, interviews were conducted with staff to document the status of paleontology at PARA, and potential directions for future management, research, protection, and interpretation. In geologic terms, PARA is located on the boundary of the Colorado Plateau and the Basin and Range provinces. Before the uplift of the Colorado Plateau near the end of the Cretaceous 66 million years ago, this area was much lower in elevation and subject to flooding by shallow continental seas. This led to prolonged episodes of marine deposition as well as complex stratigraphic intervals of alternating terrestrial and marine strata. Most of the rock formations that are exposed in the monument belong to the Paleozoic part of the Grand Canyon section, deposited between approximately 510 and 270 million years ago in mostly shallow marine settings. These rocks have abundant fossils of marine invertebrates such as sponges, corals, bryozoans, brachiopods, bivalves, gastropods, crinoids, and echinoids. The Cambrian–Devonian portion of the Grand Canyon Paleozoic section is represented in only a few areas of PARA. The bulk of the Paleozoic rocks at PARA are Mississippian to Permian in age, approximately 360 to 270 million years old, and belong to the Redwall Limestone through the Kaibab Formation. While the Grand Canyon section has only small remnants of younger Mesozoic rocks, several Mesozoic formations are exposed within PARA, mostly ranging in age from the Early Triassic to the Early Jurassic (approximately 252 to 175 million years ago), as well as some middle Cretaceous rocks deposited approximately 100 million years ago. Mesozoic fossils in PARA include marine fossils in the Moenkopi Formation and petrified wood and invertebrate trace fossils in the Chinle Formation and undivided Moenave and Kayenta Formations.