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Fischer, Thomas, Stella Gypser, Maria Subbotina, and Maik Veste. "Synergic hydraulic and nutritional feedback mechanisms control surface patchiness of biological soil crusts on tertiary sands at a post-mining site." Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics 62, no. 4 (2014): 293–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/johh-2014-0038.
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Abstract In a recultivation area located in Brandenburg, Germany, five types of biocrusts (initial BSC1, developed BSC2 and BSC3, mosses, lichens) and non-crusted mineral substrate were sampled on tertiary sand deposited in 1985- 1986 to investigate hydrologic interactions between crust patches. Crust biomass was lowest in the non-crusted substrate, increased to the initial BSC1 and peaked in the developed BSC2, BSC3, the lichens and the mosses. Water infiltration was highest on the substrate, and decreased to BSC2, BSC1 and BSC3. Non-metric multidimensional scaling revealed that the lichens and BSC3 were associated with water soluble nutrients and with pyrite weathering products, thus representing a high nutrient low hydraulic feedback mode. The mosses and BSC2 represented a low nutrient high hydraulic feedback mode. These feedback mechanisms were considered as synergic, consisting of run-off generating (low hydraulic) and run-on receiving (high hydraulic) BSC patches. Three scenarios for BSC succession were proposed. (1) Initial BSCs sealed the surface until they reached a successional stage (represented by BSC1) from which the development into either of the feedback modes was triggered, (2) initial heterogeneities of the mineral substrate controlled the development of the feedback mode, and (3) complex interactions between lichens and mosses occurred at later stages of system development.
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Stahl, Gerry. "Groupware goes to school: adapting BSCW to the classroom." International Journal of Computer Applications in Technology 19, no. 3/4 (2004): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijcat.2004.004045.
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Korichi, Ahmed, and Brahim Belattar. "Towards a Web Based Simulation Groupware: Experiment with BSCW." Information Technology Journal 7, no. 2 (2008): 332–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/itj.2008.332.337.
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Horstmann, Thilo, and Richard Bentley. "Distributed authoring on the Web with the BSCW shared workspace system." StandardView 5, no. 1 (1997): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/253452.253464.
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Thorsteinsson, Gisli, and Thomas Page. "BSCW As A Managed Learning Environment For International In-Service Teacher Education." i-manager's Journal on School Educational Technology 3, no. 2 (2007): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.26634/jsch.3.2.782.
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Chen, Xiang, Tao Wang, Shulin Liu, et al. "Spectral Response Assessment of Moss-Dominated Biological Soil Crust Coverage Under Dry and Wet Conditions." Remote Sensing 12, no. 7 (2020): 1158. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12071158.
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Biological soil crusts (BSCs) are a major functional vegetation unit, covering extensive parts of drylands worldwide. Therefore, several multispectral indices have been proposed to map the spatial distribution and coverage of BSCs. BSCs are composed of poikilohydric organisms, the activity of which is sensitive to water availability. However, studies on dry and wet BSCs have seldom considered the mixed coverage gradient that is representative of actual field conditions. In this study, in situ spectral data and photographs of 136 pairs of dry and wet plots were collected to determine the influence of moisture conditions on BSC coverage detection. Then, BSC spectral reflectance and continuum removal (CR) reflectance responses to wetting were analyzed. Finally, the responses of four commonly used indices (i.e., normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI); crust index (CI); biological soil crust index (BSCI); and band depth of absorption feature after CR in the red band, (BD_red)), calculated from in situ hyperspectral data resampled to two multispectral data channels (Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2), were compared in dry and wet conditions. The results indicate that: (i) on average, the estimated BSC coverage using red-green-blue (RGB) images is 14.98% higher in wet than in dry conditions (P < 0.001); (ii) CR reflectance features of wet BSCs are more obvious than those of dry BSCs in both red and red-edge bands; and (iii) NDVI, CI, and BSCI for BSC coverage of 0%–60% under dry and wet conditions are close to those of dry and wet bare sand, respectively. NDVI and BD_red cannot separate dead wood and BSC with low coverage. This study demonstrates that low-coverage moss-dominated BSC is not easily detected by the four indices. In the future, remote-sensing data obtained during the rainy season with red and red-edge bands should be considered to detect BSCs.
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Bentley, Richard, Thilo Horstmann, and Jonathan Trevor. "The World Wide Web as Enabling Technology for CSCW: The Case of BSCW." Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) 6, no. 2-3 (1997): 111–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/a:1008631823217.
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Pieper, Michael, and Dirk Hermsdorf. "BSCW for disabled teleworkers: usability evaluation and interface adaptation of an internet-based cooperation environment." Computer Networks and ISDN Systems 29, no. 8-13 (1997): 1479–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0169-7552(97)00014-7.
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Huxor, A. "An active worlds interface to Basic Support for Cooperative Working (BSCW) to enhance chance encounters." Virtual Reality 4, no. 1 (1999): 4–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01434990.
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Chen, Xiang, Tao Wang, Shulin Liu, et al. "A New Application of Random Forest Algorithm to Estimate Coverage of Moss-Dominated Biological Soil Crusts in Semi-Arid Mu Us Sandy Land, China." Remote Sensing 11, no. 11 (2019): 1286. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11111286.
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Biological soil crusts (BSCs) play an essential role in desert ecosystems. Knowledge of the distribution and disappearance of BSCs is vital for the management of ecosystems and for desertification researches. However, the major remote sensing approaches used to extract BSCs are multispectral indices, which lack accuracy, and hyperspectral indices, which have lower data availability and require a higher computational effort. This study employs random forest (RF) models to optimize the extraction of BSCs using band combinations similar to the two multispectral BSC indices (Crust Index-CI; Biological Soil Crust Index-BSCI), but covering all possible band combinations. Simulated multispectral datasets resampled from in-situ hyperspectral data were used to extract BSC information. Multispectral datasets (Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2 datasets) were then used to detect BSC coverage in Mu Us Sandy Land, located in northern China, where BSCs dominated by moss are widely distributed. The results show that (i) the spectral curves of moss-dominated BSCs are different from those of other typical land surfaces, (ii) the BSC coverage can be predicted using the simulated multispectral data (mean square error (MSE) < 0.01), (iii) Sentinel-2 satellite datasets with CI-based band combinations provided a reliable RF model for detecting moss-dominated BSCs (10-fold validation, R2 = 0.947; ground validation, R2 = 0.906). In conclusion, application of the RF algorithm to the Sentinel-2 dataset can precisely and effectively map BSCs dominated by moss. This new application can be used as a theoretical basis for detecting BSCs in other arid and semi-arid lands within desert ecosystems.
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Page, Thomas, and Gisli Thorsteinsson. "Implementing The FISTE Educational Technology For Electronic Design And Technology Education Using BSCW At Loughborough University." i-manager's Journal of Educational Technology 4, no. 3 (2007): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.26634/jet.4.3.597.
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Prezotto-Neto, José P., Louise F. Kimura, André F. Alves, et al. "Biochemical and biological characterization of Bothriechis schlegelii snake venoms from Colombia and Costa Rica." Experimental Biology and Medicine 241, no. 18 (2016): 2075–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1535370216660214.
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Snakebites inflicted by the arboreal viperid snake Bothriechis schlegelii in humans are characterized by pain, edema, and ecchymosis at the site of the bite, rarely with blisters, local necrosis, or defibrination. Herein, a comparative study of Bothriechis schlegelii snake venoms from Colombia (BsCo) and Costa Rica (BsCR) was carried out in order to compare their main activities and to verify the efficacy of Bothrops antivenom produced in Brazil to neutralize them. Biochemical (SDS-PAGE and zymography) and biological parameters (edematogenic, lethal, hemorrhagic, nociceptive, and phospholipase A2 activities) induced by BsCo and BsCR snake venoms were evaluated. The presence of antibodies in Bothrops antivenom that recognize BsCo and BsCR snake venoms by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blotting, as well as the ability of this antivenom to neutralize the toxic activities were also verified. SDS-PAGE showed differences between venoms. Distinctive caseinolytic and hyaluronidase patterns were detected by zymography. BsCo and BsCR showed similar phospholipase A2 activity. Strong cross-reactivity between BsCo and BsCR was detected using Bothrops antivenom with many components located between 150 and 35 kDa. BsCR was more edematogenic and almost fourfold more hemorrhagic than BsCo, and both venoms induced nociception. BsCR (LD50 5.60 mg/kg) was more lethal to mice than BsCo (LD50 9.24 mg/kg). Bothrops antivenom was effective in the neutralization of lethal and hemorrhagic activities of BsCo and BsCR and was partially effective in the neutralization of edematogenic and nociceptive activities. In conclusion, geographic distribution influences the composition and activities of Bothriechis schlegelii venoms. Bothrops antivenom cross-reacted with these venoms and was partially effective in neutralizing some toxic activities of BsCo and BsCR.
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Glava, Cătălin Cosmin, and Adina Elena Glava. "Time Management on the On-Line Learning Platforms. A Case Study Regarding the BSCW Platform Used by Future Teacher Student." Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 46 (2012): 3551–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.06.103.
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Dümig, A., M. Veste, F. Hagedorn, et al. "Biological soil crusts on initial soils: organic carbon dynamics and chemistry under temperate climatic conditions." Biogeosciences Discussions 10, no. 1 (2013): 851–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-10-851-2013.
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Abstract. Numerous studies have been carried out on the community structure and diversity of biological soil crusts (BSCs) as well as their important functions on ecosystem processes. However, the amount of BSC-derived organic carbon (OC) input into soils and its chemical composition under natural conditions has rarely been investigated. In this study, different development stages of algae- and moss-dominated BSCs were investigated on a~natural (<17 yr old BSCs) and experimental sand dune (<4 yr old BSCs) in northeastern Germany. We determined the OC accumulation in BSC-layers and the BSC-derived OC input into the underlying substrates for bulk materials and fractions <63 μm. The chemical composition of OC was characterized by applying solid-state 13C NMR spectroscopy and analysis of the carbohydrate-C signature.14C contents were used to assess the origin and dynamic of OC in BSCs and underlying substrates. Our results indicated a rapid BSC establishment and development from algae- to moss-dominated BSCs within only 4 yr under this temperate climate. The distribution of BSC types was presumably controlled by the surface stability according to the position in the slope. We found no evidence that soil properties influenced the BSC distribution on both sand dunes. 14C contents clearly indicated the existence of two OC pools in BSCs and substrates, recent BSC-derived OC and lignite-derived "old" OC (biologically refractory). The input of recent BSC-derived OC strongly decreased the mean residence time of total OC. The downward translocation of OC into the underlying substrates was only found for moss-dominated BSCs at the natural sand dune which may accelerate soil formation at these spots. BSC-derived OC mainly comprised O-alkyl C (carbohydrate-C) and to a lesser extent also alkyl C and N-alkyl C in varying compositions. Accumulation of alkyl C was only detected in BSCs at the experimental dune which may induce a~lower water solubility of BSC-derived extracellular polymeric substances when compared to BSCs at the natural sand dune indicating that hydrological effects of BSCs on soils depend on the chemical composition of the extracellular polymeric substances.
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Held, Kara F., Robert Thibeault, and Jacqueline Boudreau. "Heat Sources in a Biosafety Cabinet Compromise Experimental and User Protection." Applied Biosafety 24, no. 2 (2019): 90–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1535676019831173.
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Introduction: Keeping a contamination free environment in the laboratory has commonly been achieved by one of two ways: a flame or a biosafety cabinet (BSC). However, it has been frequently observed that these two practices have been combined, where a heat source has been used within the BSC. As flames require flammable gasses and cause hot air to rise, it was hypothesized that these could lead to a loss of BSC containment, as BSCs rely on unidirectional downflow air. Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine whether BSCs can maintain containment when a heat source is operated within the work area. Methods: Several heat sources (Bunsen burner, High Heat Bunsen Burner, Spirit Lamp and Bacti-cinerator) were placed within two sizes of BSCs (4-foot and 6-foot), and smoke was used to visualize airflow disturbances, air cleanliness was measured by particle counting , and aerosol microbiological testing was conducted to ascertain containment. The risk of introducing a flammable gas into a BSC was also calculated. Results: Large flamed Bunsen burners were found to have the most detrimental effects on the ability of the BSC to maintain containment, especially in the center of the work area, while the smaller heat sources were more variable. Containment was completely lost in the 4-foot BSC, whereas the 6-foot BSC was capable of maintaining containment in only a few conditions. The BSC was also calculated to be able to maintain the required volume of flammable gas needed to operate the burners, not taking into consideration unintended leaks. Conclusions: Overall, it was determined that BSCs cannot operate safely and reliably while housing a heat source, as it could cause unexpected contamination of the work or the worker, or BSC ignition or explosion.
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Rahman, Muhammad Arif, Feni Iranawati, and Abu Bakar Sambah. "Design and Effect of Escape Vent in a Trap on the Catch of Blue Swimming Crab (Portunus Pelagicus): A Preliminary Study." Research Journal of Life Science 8, no. 1 (2021): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.rjls.2021.008.01.2.
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Blue Swimming Crab (Portunus pelagicus, BSC) is one of the Indonesian important fisheries commodities often captured by traps. Under Decree No. 56/2016, the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries managed the BSC, with the standard size of BSC is >10cm of Carapace Width (CW) or >60 g of Weight (W), and non-berried or carried eggs for female. This study aims to determine BSC's crawling pattern toward the trap, design an escape vent on the trap, and assess catch of BSC using vented trap and non-vented trap. The video footage was used to examine crawling pattern of 30 BSCs on the laboratory. The study also includes field experiment by deploying twenty traps (10 vented traps and 10 non-vented traps) on the sea. The study obtained two crawling patterns of BSC, crawling forward and sideways with the most BSC crawled sideways. Design of escape vent was 4.6 cm length x 2.6 cm height. The BSCs captured in the vented traps have >10cm of CW, while 14% of BSCs in the non-vented traps have <10 cm of CW. The use of escape vent did not affect the catch (weight) of BSC in the trap.
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Thomas, Andrew D. "Impact of grazing intensity on seasonal variations in soil organic carbon and soil CO 2 efflux in two semiarid grasslands in southern Botswana." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 367, no. 1606 (2012): 3076–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2012.0102.
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Biological soil crusts (BSCs) are an important source of organic carbon, and affect a range of ecosystem functions in arid and semiarid environments. Yet the impact of grazing disturbance on crust properties and soil CO 2 efflux remain poorly studied, particularly in African ecosystems. The effects of burial under wind-blown sand, disaggregation and removal of BSCs on seasonal variations in soil CO 2 efflux, soil organic carbon, chlorophyll a and scytonemin were investigated at two sites in the Kalahari of southern Botswana. Field experiments were employed to isolate CO 2 efflux originating from BSCs in order to estimate the C exchange within the crust. Organic carbon was not evenly distributed through the soil profile but concentrated in the BSC. Soil CO 2 efflux was higher in Kalahari Sand than in calcrete soils, but rates varied significantly with seasonal changes in moisture and temperature. BSCs at both sites were a small net sink of C to the soil. Soil CO 2 efflux was significantly higher in sand soils where the BSC was removed, and on calcrete where the BSC was buried under sand. The BSC removal and burial under sand also significantly reduced chlorophyll a , organic carbon and scytonemin . Disaggregation of the soil crust, however, led to increases in chlorophyll a and organic carbon. The data confirm the importance of BSCs for C cycling in drylands and indicate intensive grazing, which destroys BSCs through trampling and burial, will adversely affect C sequestration and storage. Managed grazing, where soil surfaces are only lightly disturbed, would help maintain a positive carbon balance in African drylands.
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Trnková, Kateřina, and Nele Tschense. "Structure and function of biological soil crusts from Antarctica with a special respect to their microtopography and UV-B sensitivity." Czech Polar Reports 9, no. 2 (2019): 243–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cpr2019-2-20.
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Although an extensive professional literature exists on biological soil crusts (BSCs), especially on the species composition of hetero- and autotrophs forming the micro-biological comunity, micromorphological information on BSCs is extremely scarce. In our study, we focused on microstructure of the BSCs from the James Ross Island (Antarctica). We combined the approach of digital microscopy to study surface roughness of the BSCs with taxonomy of BSC-forming autotrophs and chlorophyll fluorescence study focused on the photosynthetic functioning of BSCs when exposed to controlled UV-B stress. Microprofiling of BSCs resulted in the finding that the examined BSCs might be classified as fine-grained surface with roughness characteristics: Ra (37.9 μm) and Rz (136.9 μm). The BSCs were rich in microautotrophs, both algae and cyanobacteria, however, Microcoleus sp. was found dominating species. It formed multifilament ropes on and inside the BSCs. Under UV-B stress, Microcoleus- and Nostoc-dominated BSC parts showed similar sensitivity and acclimatory response so long-term UV-B treatment, however, Microcoleus seemed to be slightly more sensitive to UV-B. Microcoleus-dominated parts of BSCs showed less pronounced acclimation to UV-B treatment than Nostoc-dominated parts. It was reflected in lower values of maximum (FV/FM) and effective (FPSII) quantum yields recorded after 6 d exposition.
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Olvera-Lobo, María Dolores, Bryan Robinson, José A. Senso, et al. "Teleworking and collaborative work environments in translation training." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 55, no. 2 (2009): 165–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.55.2.05olv.
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The professional translation work is highly influenced by new communication opportunities, reason why teleworking must occupy its rightful place in translator training at tertiary level. In addition, the ideal translation process should be divided into different stages (as already occurs in major translation agencies), each task being assigned to a different team member with a different role. This paper presents the results of a research study on translation students’ disposition towards and level of satisfaction with the use of a collaborative work environment. We propose a “Professional Approach to Translator Training”, our didactic model combines elements of roleplay, team-based task learning, simulation and case study in an innovative e-learning environment that functions via a collaborative platform (BSCW). Questionnaires were designed and used as evaluation tools before and after the experience of working in a collaborative environment. The aim of these evaluation tools was to measure students’ knowledge of the following skills: computing, tele- and teamwork, and translation tasks. The internal global consistency was adequate (Cronbach’s alpha in the pre-course questionnaire is 0.902 and the value for the post-course questionnaire is 0.802). Results show that collaborative work environments make the learning process easier, maintain students’ pre-existing positive disposition towards teamwork, and improve students’ self-confidence with regard to computers and translation tasks. The data obtained from this study suggest that using a collaborative work platform in translation course is beneficial, enabling students to gain confidence and feel satisfied with their work.
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Mansur, Agus, Iwan Vanany, and Niniet Indah Arvitrida. "Challenge and opportunity research in blood supply chain management: a literature review." MATEC Web of Conferences 154 (2018): 01092. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201815401092.
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An interconnected series of the blood management is called blood supply chain management (BSCM). The stages of BSCM consisted of blood collecting, production, inventory, and distribution. The main challenges in BSCM are related to shortage, outdate, and supply chain cost which needed to minimize. Naturally, problems in BSCM are complex, it is not an easy task to find the solution. This complexity brought by several factors as follows: its inflicted risk, the uncertainty of supply and demand, blood nature as perishable commodity, demand uniqueness, and cost occurred. This research purposes was to review of various research related to BSCM and highlight opportunities to develop further research in blood supply chain (BSC). The result of this research is a suggestion on various possible future research to be explored in BSC, for example, developing an adaptive inventory model to support blood supply chain management that could be responsive toward demand fluctuation and developing collecting strategy to minimize shortage, outdate and incurred cost in supply chain level.
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Szyja, Michelle, Burkhard Büdel, and Claudia Colesie. "Ecophysiological characterization of early successional biological soil crusts in heavily human-impacted areas." Biogeosciences 15, no. 7 (2018): 1919–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-1919-2018.
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Abstract. Ecophysiological characterizations of photoautotrophic communities are not only necessary to identify the response of carbon fixation related to different climatic factors, but also to evaluate risks connected to changing environments. In biological soil crusts (BSCs), the description of ecophysiological features is difficult, due to the high variability in taxonomic composition and variable methodologies applied. Especially for BSCs in early successional stages, the available datasets are rare or focused on individual constituents, although these crusts may represent the only photoautotrophic component in many heavily disturbed ruderal areas, such as parking lots or building areas with increasing surface area worldwide. We analyzed the response of photosynthesis and respiration to changing BSC water contents (WCs), temperature and light in two early successional BSCs. We investigated whether the response of these parameters was different between intact BSC and the isolated dominating components. BSCs dominated by the cyanobacterium Nostoc commune and dominated by the green alga Zygogonium ericetorum were examined. A major divergence between the two BSCs was their absolute carbon fixation rate on a chlorophyll basis, which was significantly higher for the cyanobacterial crust. Nevertheless, independent of species composition, both crust types and their isolated organisms had convergent features such as high light acclimatization and a minor and very late-occurring depression in carbon uptake at water suprasaturation. This particular setup of ecophysiological features may enable these communities to cope with a high variety of climatic stresses and may therefore be a reason for their success in heavily disturbed areas with ongoing human impact. However, the shape of the response was different for intact BSC compared to separated organisms, especially in absolute net photosynthesis (NP) rates. This emphasizes the importance of measuring intact BSCs under natural conditions for collecting reliable data for meaningful analysis of BSC ecosystem services.
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Landa-Ruiz, Laura, Miguel Angel Baltazar-Zamora, Juan Bosch, et al. "Electrochemical Corrosion of Galvanized Steel in Binary Sustainable Concrete Made with Sugar Cane Bagasse Ash (SCBA) and Silica Fume (SF) Exposed to Sulfates." Applied Sciences 11, no. 5 (2021): 2133. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11052133.
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This research evaluates the behavior corrosion of galvanized steel (GS) and AISI 1018 carbon steel (CS) embedded in conventional concrete (CC) made with 100% CPC 30R and two binary sustainable concretes (BSC1 and BSC2) made with sugar cane bagasse ash (SCBA) and silica fume (SF), respectively, after 300 days of exposure to 3.5 wt.% MgSO4 solution as aggressive medium. Electrochemical techniques were applied to monitor corrosion potential (Ecorr) according to ASTM C-876-15 and linear polarization resistance (LPR) according to ASTM G59 for determining corrosion current density (icorr). Ecorr and icorr results indicate after more than 300 days of exposure to the sulfate environment (3.5 wt.% MgSO4 solution), that the CS specimens embedded in BSC1 and BSC2 presented greater protection against corrosion in 3.5 wt.% MgSO4 than the specimens embedded in CC. It was also shown that this protection against sulfates is significantly increased when using GS reinforcements. The results indicate a higher resistance to corrosion by exposure to 3.5 wt.% magnesium sulfate two times greater for BSC1 and BSC2 specimens reinforced with GS than the specimens embedding CS. In summary, the combination of binary sustainable concrete with galvanized steel improves durability and lifetime in service, in addition to reducing the environmental impact of the civil engineering structures.
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Liu, Lichao, Yubing Liu, Peng Zhang, et al. "Development of bacterial communities in biological soil crusts along a revegetation chronosequence in the Tengger Desert, northwest China." Biogeosciences 14, no. 16 (2017): 3801–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-3801-2017.
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Abstract. Knowledge of structure and function of microbial communities in different successional stages of biological soil crusts (BSCs) is still scarce for desert areas. In this study, Illumina MiSeq sequencing was used to assess the compositional changes of bacterial communities in different ages of BSCs in the revegetation of Shapotou in the Tengger Desert. The most dominant phyla of bacterial communities shifted with the changed types of BSCs in the successional stages, from Firmicutes in mobile sand and physical crusts to Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria in BSCs, and the most dominant genera shifted from Bacillus, Enterococcus and Lactococcus to RB41_norank and JG34-KF-361_norank. Alpha diversity and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis indicated that bacterial richness and abundance reached their highest levels after 15 years of BSC development. Redundancy analysis showed that silt + clay content and total K were the prime determinants of the bacterial communities of BSCs. The results suggested that bacterial communities of BSCs recovered quickly with the improved soil physicochemical properties in the early stages of BSC succession. Changes in the bacterial community structure may be an important indicator in the biogeochemical cycling and nutrient storage in early successional stages of BSCs in desert ecosystems.
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Bohm, Victoria, Diane Lacaille, Nicole Spencer, and Claire EH Barber. "Scoping review of balanced scorecards for use in healthcare settings: development and implementation." BMJ Open Quality 10, no. 3 (2021): e001293. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjoq-2020-001293.
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ObjectiveBalanced scorecards (BSCs) were developed in the early 1990s in corporate settings as a strategic performance management tool that emphasised measurement from multiple perspectives. Since their introduction, BSCs have been adapted for a variety of industries, including to healthcare settings. The aim of this scoping review was to describe the application of BSCs in healthcare.MethodsMedline, Embase and CINHAL databases were searched using keywords and medical subject headings for ‘balanced scorecard’ and related terms from 1992 to 17/04/2020. Title and abstract screening and full text review were conducted in duplicate by two reviewers. Studies describing the development and/or implementation of a BSC in a healthcare setting were included. Data were abstracted using pilot-tested forms and reviewed for key themes and findings.Results8129 records were identified and 841 underwent a full text review. 87 articles were included. Over 26 countries were represented and the majority of BSCs were applied at a local level (54%) in hospital settings (41%). While almost all discussed Kaplan and Norton’s original BSC (97%), only 69% described alignment with a strategic plan. Patients/family members were rarely involved in development teams (3%) which typically were comprised of senior healthcare leaders/administrators. Only 21% of BSCs included perspectives using identical formatting to the original BSC description. Lessons learnt during development addressed three main themes: scorecard design, stakeholder engagement and feasibility.ConclusionsBSC frameworks have been used in various healthcare settings but frequently undergo adaptation from the original description in order to suit a specific healthcare context. Future BSCs should aim to include patients/families to promote patient-centred healthcare systems. Considering the heterogeneity evident in development approaches, methodological guidance in this area is warranted.
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Khomutovska, Nataliia, Asunción de los Ríos, Marcin D. Syczewski, and Iwona Jasser. "Connectivity of Edaphic and Endolithic Microbial Niches in Cold Mountain Desert of Eastern Pamir (Tajikistan)." Biology 10, no. 4 (2021): 314. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology10040314.
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Microbial communities found in arid environments are commonly represented by biological soil crusts (BSCs) and endolithic assemblages. There is still limited knowledge concerning endoliths and BSCs occurring in the cold mountain desert of Pamir. The aim of the study was to investigate the composition and structure of endolithic bacterial communities in comparison to surrounding BSCs in three subregions of the Eastern Pamir (Tajikistan). The endolithic and BSC communities were studied using culture-independent and culture-dependent techniques. The structure of the endolithic bacterial communities can be characterized as Actinobacteria–Proteobacteria–Bacteroidetes–Chloroflexi–Cyanobacteria, while the BSCs’ can be described as Proteobacteria–Actinobacteria–Bacteroidetes–Cyanobacteria assemblages with low representation of other bacteria. The endolithic cyanobacterial communities were characterized by the high percentage of Chroococcidiopsaceae, Nodosilineaceae, Nostocaceae and Thermosynechococcaceae, while in the BSCs were dominated by Nodosilineaceae, Phormidiaceae and Nostocaceae. The analysis of 16S rRNA genes of the cyanobacterial cultures revealed the presence of possibly novel species of Chroococcidiopsis, Gloeocapsopsis and Wilmottia. Despite the niches’ specificity, which is related to the influence of microenvironment factors on the composition and structure of endolithic communities, our results illustrate the interrelation between the endoliths and the surrounding BSCs in some regions. The structure of cyanobacterial communities from BSC was the only one to demonstrate some subregional differences.
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Astuti, Oce, Naslina Alimina, Safilu Safilu, et al. "Temporal sex ratio, growth patterns and condition factor of the blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus) in Northern of Tiworo Strait waters, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia." Aceh Journal of Animal Science 5, no. 2 (2020): 104–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.13170/ajas.5.2.16809.
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Blue swimming crabs Portunus pelagicus occupied Tiworo Strait waters has been experiencing heavy pressure due to high exploitation and damaging its habitat caused by conversion to be a port or jetty particularly in the intertidal and subtidal zones closed to mangrove areas and river mouth. Those zones constitute main habitats of BSCs. The study aimed to analyze temporal sex ratio (SR), growth patterns and condition factor (CF) of BSCs in Tiworo Strait waters which was conducted in June–December 2018. The BSC samples were taken monthly using collapsible pot. Each sample taken was identified its sex, measured its CW and weighed its BW. Monthly SR of male and female was counted, while BW–CW relationship was analyzed using a simple linear regression. Growth patterns and CF were derived and analyzed from BW–CW regression. The results of study showed that monthly BSC SR of male and female showed females preponderated over males, except in November. The growth pattern of male and female was negative allometric (b 3). Data of BSCs CF were mostly influenced by growth coefficient (b), namely the higher b the lower CF. This condition is frequent happening in BSC population dominated by juvenile and mature stages. This study showed most BSCs found in this location were juvenile which indicated as their nursery ground in the intertidal zone dominated by sand substrate closed to mangrove forest.
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Escolar, Cristina, Isabel Martínez, Matthew A. Bowker, and Fernando T. Maestre. "Warming reduces the growth and diversity of biological soil crusts in a semi-arid environment: implications for ecosystem structure and functioning." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 367, no. 1606 (2012): 3087–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2011.0344.
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Biological soil crusts (BSCs) are key biotic components of dryland ecosystems worldwide that control many functional processes, including carbon and nitrogen cycling, soil stabilization and infiltration. Regardless of their ecological importance and prevalence in drylands, very few studies have explicitly evaluated how climate change will affect the structure and composition of BSCs, and the functioning of their constituents. Using a manipulative experiment conducted over 3 years in a semi-arid site from central Spain, we evaluated how the composition, structure and performance of lichen-dominated BSCs respond to a 2.4°C increase in temperature, and to an approximately 30 per cent reduction of total annual rainfall. In areas with well-developed BSCs, warming promoted a significant decrease in the richness and diversity of the whole BSC community. This was accompanied by important compositional changes, as the cover of lichens suffered a substantial decrease with warming (from 70 to 40% on average), while that of mosses increased slightly (from 0.3 to 7% on average). The physiological performance of the BSC community, evaluated using chlorophyll fluorescence, increased with warming during the first year of the experiment, but did not respond to rainfall reduction. Our results indicate that ongoing climate change will strongly affect the diversity and composition of BSC communities, as well as their recovery after disturbances. The expected changes in richness and composition under warming could reduce or even reverse the positive effects of BSCs on important soil processes. Thus, these changes are likely to promote an overall reduction in ecosystem processes that sustain and control nutrient cycling, soil stabilization and water dynamics.
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Rieser, Jakob, Maik Veste, Michael Thiel, and Sarah Schönbrodt-Stitt. "Coverage and Rainfall Response of Biological Soil Crusts Using Multi-Temporal Sentinel-2 Data in a Central European Temperate Dry Acid Grassland." Remote Sensing 13, no. 16 (2021): 3093. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13163093.
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Biological soil crusts (BSCs) are thin microbiological vegetation layers that naturally develop in unfavorable higher plant conditions (i.e., low precipitation rates and high temperatures) in global drylands. They consist of poikilohydric organisms capable of adjusting their metabolic activities depending on the water availability. However, they, and with them, their ecosystem functions, are endangered by climate change and land-use intensification. Remote sensing (RS)-based studies estimated the BSC cover in global drylands through various multispectral indices, and few of them correlated the BSCs’ activity response to rainfall. However, the allocation of BSCs is not limited to drylands only as there are areas beyond where smaller patches have developed under intense human impact and frequent disturbance. Yet, those areas were not addressed in RS-based studies, raising the question of whether the methods developed in extensive drylands can be transferred easily. Our temperate climate study area, the ‘Lieberoser Heide’ in northeastern Germany, is home to the country’s largest BSC-covered area. We applied a Random Forest (RF) classification model incorporating multispectral Sentinel-2 (S2) data, indices derived from them, and topographic information to spatiotemporally map the BSC cover for the first time in Central Europe. We further monitored the BSC response to rainfall events over a period of around five years (June 2015 to end of December 2020). Therefore, we combined datasets of gridded NDVI as a measure of photosynthetic activity with daily precipitation data and conducted a change detection analysis. With an overall accuracy of 98.9%, our classification proved satisfactory. Detected changes in BSC activity between dry and wet conditions were found to be significant. Our study emphasizes a high transferability of established methods from extensive drylands to BSC-covered areas in the temperate climate. Therefore, we consider our study to provide essential impulses so that RS-based biocrust mapping in the future will be applied beyond the global drylands.
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Ghosh, Sumit, Jeffrey Voigt, Terrance Wynne, and Terrance Nelson. "Developing an In-House Biological Safety Cabinet Certification Program at the University of North Dakota." Applied Biosafety 24, no. 3 (2019): 153–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1535676019859787.
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Introduction:Biological safety cabinets (BSCs) are the primary means of containment used in laboratories worldwide. To ensure the proper functioning of BSCs, they need to be certified annually, at a minimum, per National Sanitation Foundation (NSF)/American National Standards Institute Standard 49.Objectives:A common problem most organizations face is that in many instances, the technicians who certify the cabinets are not accredited by the NSF. Additionally, in states or regions that do not have local NSF accredited field certifiers, it takes weeks to get a service request completed, thereby delaying the research work of the laboratory. Moreover, in such instances, the cost associated with cabinet certification and repair can be very high.Materials and Methods:This led the Office of Safety at the University of North Dakota to do a thorough cost-benefit analysis of developing an in-house BSC certification program. After completing the training and testing requirements for the NSF’s advanced accreditation program, the BSC certification program was initiated on campus.Results:The identified benefits led to the initiation of a program in both local and regional capacity for repair, maintenance, and certification of BSCs, and the university’s experiences were shared with other universities.Conclusions:By developing an in-house BSC certification program, the University of North Dakota was able to reduce wait times associated with service repairs, reduce costs, and generate revenue for the department. Furthermore, this led to improved hands-on training programs related to BSC use in laboratories working with biohazardous agents.
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Oldbury, Jordan W., Richard A. J. Wain, Sameera Abas, Christopher M. Dobson, and Srinivasan S. Iyer. "Basosquamous Carcinoma: A Single Centre Clinicopathological Evaluation and Proposal of an Evidence-Based Protocol." Journal of Skin Cancer 2018 (June 3, 2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6061395.
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Basosquamous carcinoma (BSC) is an uncommon skin malignancy with significant invasive and metastatic potential. There are currently no clear management guidelines. This study evaluates the management and outcomes of patients diagnosed with BSC over a 7-year period. We present an evidence-based unit protocol for the management of BSC. All patients treated for BSC between 2009 and 2015 were reviewed. Data collected included patient demographics, tumour-specific information, management strategy, presence of recurrence or metastasis, and details of follow-up. 74 patients were identified, making this one of the largest cohorts of BSC patients reported. Mean age at diagnosis was 75.4 years, with a male:female ratio of 1.6:1. The most common tumour site was the head and neck (n=43, 58.1%). All tumours were graded at pT1 (n=51) or pT2 (n=23). Inadequate excision occurred in 17 patients (23%). Mean excision margins were >4mm peripherally and deep. Inadequately excised BSCs were further treated with wide local excision (n=6) or radiotherapy (n=5), or both (n=1). There were no cases of local recurrence or metastatic disease. This study demonstrates a cohort of patients with BSCs that appear less aggressive than previously reported. Current management with surgical excision appears to produce adequate results. However, an evidence-based guideline is still lacking.
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Croft, Cara L., Pedro E. Cruz, Daniel H. Ryu, et al. "rAAV-based brain slice culture models of Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease inclusion pathologies." Journal of Experimental Medicine 216, no. 3 (2019): 539–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20182184.
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It has been challenging to produce ex vivo models of the inclusion pathologies that are hallmark pathologies of many neurodegenerative diseases. Using three-dimensional mouse brain slice cultures (BSCs), we have developed a paradigm that rapidly and robustly recapitulates mature neurofibrillary inclusion and Lewy body formation found in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease, respectively. This was achieved by transducing the BSCs with recombinant adeno-associated viruses (rAAVs) that express α-synuclein or variants of tau. Notably, the tauopathy BSC model enables screening of small molecule therapeutics and tracking of neurodegeneration. More generally, the rAAV BSC “toolkit” enables efficient transduction and transgene expression from neurons, microglia, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes, alone or in combination, with transgene expression lasting for many months. These rAAV-based BSC models provide a cost-effective and facile alternative to in vivo studies, and in the future can become a widely adopted methodology to explore physiological and pathological mechanisms related to brain function and dysfunction.
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Pissolito, Clara, Irene A. Garibotti, Santiago A. Varela, et al. "Water-mediated changes in plant–plant and biological soil crust–plant interactions in a temperate forest ecosystem." Web Ecology 19, no. 1 (2019): 27–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/we-19-27-2019.
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Abstract. In the quest to understand how biotic interactions respond to climate change, one area that remains poorly explored is how interactions involving organisms other than vascular plants will respond. However the interactions between plants and biological soil crusts (BSCs) are relevant in many ecosystems and they will likely respond uniquely to climate change. Simultaneous considerations of both plant–plant and plant–BSC interactions may substantially improve our understanding of this topic. The aim of this study is to assess whether water availability differentially affects the biotic effects of BSCs and pioneer shrubs on the early life-history stage of tree seedling growth. We conducted a greenhouse factorial experiment with soil surface cover (bare soil, soil covered by a creeping shrub and BSC covered soil) and water regime (control and drought) as factors. We monitored Nothofagus pumilio (a native tree species of ecological and economic relevance) seedling water status and growth as well as changes in soil water content and soil properties. The shrub cover had a positive effect on soil water conservation and on the water balance of seedlings under water stress. However, its effect was negative for seedling growth under both water conditions. The BSC also contributed to soil water conservation and apparently added nutrients to the soil. The net effect of the BSC on seedling growth was negative under full-watering conditions but positive under water stress conditions. This result highlights how the studied biotic interactions, and especially interactions involving BSCs, depend on changes in water availability.
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Abimbola, Olufemi, Aaron Mittelstet, Tiffany Messer, Elaine Berry, and Ann van Griensven. "Modeling and Prioritizing Interventions Using Pollution Hotspots for Reducing Nutrients, Atrazine and E. coli Concentrations in a Watershed." Sustainability 13, no. 1 (2020): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13010103.
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Excess nutrients and herbicides remain two major causes of waterbody impairment globally. In an attempt to better understand pollutant sources in the Big Sandy Creek Watershed (BSCW) and the prospects for successful remediation, a program was initiated to assist agricultural producers with the implementation of best management practices (BMPs). The objectives were to (1) simulate BMPs within hotspots to determine reductions in pollutant loads and (2) to determine if water-quality standards are met at the watershed outlet. Regression-based load estimator (LOADEST) was used for determining sediment, nutrient and atrazine loads, while artificial neural networks (ANN) were used for determining E. coli concentrations. With respect to reducing sediment, total nitrogen and total phosphorus loads at hotspots with individual BMPs, implementing grassed waterways resulted in average reductions of 97%, 53% and 65% respectively if implemented all over the hotspots. Although reducing atrazine application rate by 50% in all hotspots was the most effective BMP for reducing atrazine concentrations (21%) at the gauging station 06883940, this reduction was still six times higher than the target concentration. Similarly, with grassed waterways established in all hotspots, the 64% reduction in E. coli concentration was not enough to meet the target at the gauging station. With scaled-down acreage based on the proposed implementation plan, filter strip led to more pollutant reductions at the targeted hotspots. Overall, a combination of filter strip, grassed waterway and atrazine rate reduction will most likely yield measureable improvement both in the hotspots (>20% reduction in sediment, total nitrogen and total phosphorus pollution) and at the gauging station. Despite the model’s uncertainties, the results showed a possibility of using Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to assess the effectiveness of various BMPs in agricultural watersheds.
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Bulgakov, E., and A. Sadreev. "Trapping of light with angular orbital momentum above the light cone." Advanced Electromagnetics 6, no. 1 (2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.7716/aem.v6i1.423.
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We consider bound states in the radiation continuum (BSC) above the light cone in an one-dimensional periodic array of dielectric spheres in air. The BSCs are classified by orbital angular momentum m, Bloch wave vector β directed along the array, and polarization. The most simple symmetry protected BSCs have m = 0, β = 0 and occur in a wide range of the radius of spheres and dielectric constant. More sophisticated BSCs with m ̸= 0, β = 0 exist only for a selected radius of the spheres at a fixed dielectric constant. We also show the existence of robust Bloch BSCs with β ̸=0, m = 0. The BSCs with m = 0 can be easily detected by the collapse of Fano resonance in scattering of a plane wave. In response to a plane wave with circular polarization the BSCs with m ̸= 0 give rise to Poynting vector spiralling around the array.
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Zeng, Wotan. "Analysis of cytotoxic T lymphocytes response activated dendritic cells vaccination using breast cancer stem-like cells." Journal of Applied Virology 5, no. 3 (2016): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.21092/jav.v5i3.72.
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<p><span lang="EN-US">Breast cancers have high recurrence rates with current treatment remaining palliative. Especially breast cancer–initiating cells have been recently identified in breast carcinoma as CD44<sup>+</sup>/CD24<sup>-/low</sup> cells, which exclusively retain tumorigenic activity and display stem cell–like properties. Immunotherapies harness the body’s own immune system to target cancers and could overcome the limitations of conventional treatments. One active immunotherapy strategy uses dendritic cell (DC)-based vaccination to initiate T-cell-mediated antitumor immunity. However, whether using human BSC antigens may improve the antitumor effect of DC vaccination against BSC is indistinct. In this study, we isolated and evaluated BSCs derived from breast cancer patients, and explored the suitability of BSCs as sources of antigens for DC vaccination again human BSCs, with the aim of achieving BSC targeting and enhanced antitumor immunity. We found that BSCs express high levels of stem cell-associated molecules, CD44<sup>+</sup>/CD24<sup>-</sup> and CD133<sup>+</sup>, but adherent cells express CD44<sup>+</sup>/CD24<sup>+</sup> and low CD133<sup>+</sup>. </span><span lang="EN-US">The enriched mammospheric cells have a stronger tumorigenic capacity than adherent cells in vivo </span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://dict.cn/Tumorigenesis"><span>tumorigenesis</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US">.</span><span lang="EN-US"> DC vaccination using BSC lysates elicited specific T-cell responses against BSCs. DC vaccination </span><span lang="EN-US">stimulated Th1 response and induced significant IFN-</span><span lang="EN-US">γ </span><span lang="EN-US">production</span><span lang="EN-US"> which is positively correlated with the number of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs)</span><span lang="EN-US"> stimulated</span><span lang="EN-US">. Strikingly, using BSC breast cancer model, we demonstrate that vaccination with CTL </span><span lang="EN-US">stimulated</span><span lang="EN-US"> DCs pulsed with </span><span lang="EN-US">enriched </span><span lang="EN-US">mammospheric cells lysates, but not pulsed with adherent cells lysates, prolonged survival in animals bearing BSC breast cancer tumors. Therefore, these proof-of-concept results confirmed CD44<sup>+</sup>/CD24<sup>-</sup>/CD133<sup>+</sup> mammospheric cells have stem cells </span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://dict.cn/property"><span>property</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US"> and DC immunization with BSCs generates superior antitumor immunity which may accelerate development of BSC-specific immunotherapies and cancer vaccines.</span></p>
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Khakbaz, Seyed Behnam, and Nastaran Hajiheydari. "Proposing a basic methodology for developing balanced scorecard by system dynamics approach." Kybernetes 44, no. 6/7 (2015): 1049–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/k-12-2014-0287.
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Purpose – Successful future has inspired organizations to measure long-term and non-financial measurements and key performance indicators (KPIs). Kaplan and Norton proposed balanced scorecard (BSC) for this issue and have extended it to one of the most preferred strategic management system’s tools. However, available planning tools like BSC have some limitations, like dependency to the developer, weakness in showing time delays, and also mathematical relationships between lead and lag indicators. In this paper, the authors would present a new methodology for developing BSCs, which would be able to overcome these limitations. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to develop an integrated framework for developing BSC with system dynamics approach (a dynamic BSC (DBSC)) which has lower limitation in compare with traditional BSC. The other purpose of this paper is developing a DBSC for an Iranian public transportation company. Design/methodology/approach – Based on this purpose, related literature was thoroughly reviewed and the proposed methodology designed using the system dynamics and BSC concepts. This methodology is a composition of original BSC development methodology and system dynamics principles. An assumed organization has been used for showing methodology’s capability and procedure. Furthermore, a case study has been accomplished in this paper. This case study is a DBSC which has been developed for an Iranian public transportation company. The purpose of this case study is to ensure about proposed methodology implication in action. Findings – The authors proposed a methodology which can be applied for developing BSCs. This methodology consists of six different steps which are: developing a system for organization, selecting stakeholders’ most important objectives and target, identifying organization’s objectives and their KPIs for different BSC aspects, developing strategy map, targeting, and selecting initiatives. In the proceeding of this paper, the proposed methodology and its steps would be explained in detail. Originality/value – The system dynamic approach has precedents in business studies; however, this research makes this approach operational in BSC designing and analysis. BSCs, which developed by this methodology can show time delays between an organization’s objectives, its KPIs’ relationship and also planning for it. Selecting achievable and rational vision and objectives’ targets, change management, scenario planning and policy analysis are other values which can be achieved by DBSC deployment which need further researches. In summary, this research has shown an integrated framework for developing DBSC and then applies it to an Iranian public transportation company. Therefore, another contribution of this paper is the application of this method for an Iranian public transportation company.
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Kim, Se-Yun, Yen-Yoo You, and Seok-Kee Lee. "A Study on the Effect of Information Service Level and System Quality on BSC: Focusing on the Mediating Effect of Work Efficiency." Restaurant Business 118, no. 2 (2019): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.26643/rb.v118i2.7258.
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Background/Objectives: This study aims to empirically identify whether the higher the quality of the system, the more efficient the task and the more impact it has on the BSC items. An empirical data from the information system industry, in which various information systems are highly used, was collected and analyzed. To fulfill the research objective, we first identified the concepts of information systems and BSCs, and then verified how the information service level and quality of systems affect work efficiency and BSCs.
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Kim, Se-Yun, Yen-Yoo You, and Seok-Kee Lee. "A Study on the Effect of Information Service Level and System Quality on BSC: Focusing on the Mediating Effect of Work Efficiency." Restaurant Business 118, no. 8 (2019): 323–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.26643/rb.v118i8.7708.
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This study aims to empirically identify whether the higher the quality of the system, the more efficient the task and the more impact it has on the BSC items. An empirical data from the information system industry, in which various information systems are highly used, was collected and analyzed. To fulfill the research objective, we first identified the concepts of information systems and BSCs, and then verified how the information service level and quality of systems affect work efficiency and BSCs.
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PIROT, D. "Distinction between bumetanide-sites at rat Na-K-Cl cotransporters BSC1 and BSC2." American Journal of Hypertension 12, no. 4 (1999): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0895-7061(99)80206-4.
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Gorecka, Magdalena, Ruben Alvarez-Fernandez, Katie Slattery, et al. "Abscisic acid signalling determines susceptibility of bundle sheath cells to photoinhibition in high light-exposed Arabidopsis leaves." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 369, no. 1640 (2014): 20130234. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2013.0234.
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The rapid induction of the bundle sheath cell (BSC)-specific expression of ASCORBATE PEROXIDASE2 ( APX2 ) in high light (HL)-exposed leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana is, in part, regulated by the hormone abscisic acid (ABA) produced by vascular parenchyma cells. In this study, we provide more details of the ABA signalling that regulates APX2 expression and consider its importance in the photosynthetic responses of BSCs and whole leaves. This was done using a combination of analyses of gene expression and chlorophyll a fluorescence of both leaves and individual BSCs and mesophyll cells. The regulation of APX2 expression occurs by the combination of the protein kinase SnRK2.6 (OST1):protein phosphatase 2C ABI2 and a Gα (GPA1)-regulated signalling pathway. The use of an ost1-1/gpa1-4 mutant established that these signalling pathways are distinct but interact to regulate APX2 . In HL-exposed leaves, BSC chloroplasts were more susceptible to photoinhibition than those of mesophyll cells. The activity of the ABA-signalling network determined the degree of susceptibility of BSCs to photoinhibition by influencing non-photochemical quenching. By contrast, in HL-exposed whole leaves, ABA signalling did not have any major influence on their transcriptomes nor on their susceptibility to photoinhibition, except where guard cell responses were observed.
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Lyapina, A. A., D. N. Maksimov, A. S. Pilipchuk, and A. F. Sadreev. "Bound states in the continuum in open acoustic resonators." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 780 (September 3, 2015): 370–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2015.480.
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We consider bound states in the continuum (BSCs) or embedded trapped modes in two- and three-dimensional acoustic axisymmetric duct–cavity structures. We demonstrate numerically that, under variation of the length of the cavity, multiple BSCs occur due to the Friedrich–Wintgen two-mode full destructive interference mechanism. The BSCs are detected by tracing the resonant widths to the points of the collapse of Fano resonances where one of the two resonant modes acquires infinite life-time. It is shown that the approach of the acoustic coupled mode theory cast in the truncated form of a two-mode approximation allows us to analytically predict the BSC frequencies and shape functions to a good accuracy in both two and three dimensions.
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Permatahati, Yustika Permatahati Intan, Nila Nikmatia Bugis, La Sara, and Tezza Fauzan Hasuba Hasuba. "Stock Status of Blue Swimming Crab (Portunus pelagicus Linnaeus, 1758) in Tiworo Strait Waters, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia." ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences 25, no. 2 (2020): 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ik.ijms.25.2.85-90.
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The blue swimming crab (BSC) fishery in Tiworo Strait has been heavily exploited since two decades ago when its worldwide demand and price was very high. Study on population aspects of this organism in this waters is limited. The aim of present study was to investigate growth patterns, population stock status, and size at first gonad maturity of Portunus pelagicus. One of the main fishing ground of BSC around Tiworo Strait waters is at Bangko and Gala Islands. Samples of BSC were taken monthly using gillnet and collapsible trap. Each sample taken was identified its sex, measured its carapace width, and weighed. Data collected from fishing ground of BSC were analyzed to find out growth patterns, population stock status using spawning potential ratio (SPR) method, and the first gonad maturity (CW50). The results of study showed that growth patterns of BSC male and female following isometric growth patterns (b=0) (P<0.05). It was found out that SPR of BSC from both fishing ground was 22.46% and 23.71%, respectively which indicates that population stock status of BSC in Tiworo strait waters is “moderate level” (SPR > 20%). The size at first gonad maturity (CW50) was attained at carapace width of 9.16 cm for male and 10.16 cm for female. Those imply that BSCs allowed to be caught should be >10 cm.
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Dilla, William N., and Paul John Steinbart. "Relative Weighting of Common and Unique Balanced Scorecard Measures by Knowledgeable Decision Makers." Behavioral Research in Accounting 17, no. 1 (2005): 43–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/bria.2005.17.1.43.
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Prior research has found that decision makers with limited experience in using the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) ignored measures that reflect the unique strategy of a business unit and based their performance evaluations solely on measures common across units. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether decision makers who have had training and experience in designing BSCs exhibit the same behavior. Results of an experiment show that decision makers who are knowledgeable about the BSC attended to both common and unique measures, but placed greater emphasis on the former. These results hold in both a performance evaluation judgment and in a bonus allocation decision. We attribute these results to the knowledge participants acquired through classroom training on the design of the BSC, but cannot rule out an alternative explanation that our results differ from previous research because participants in our study were undergraduate accounting and information systems majors, rather than M.B.A. students.
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Reichhardt, Caleb C., Lillian L. Okamoto, Laura A. Motsinger, Brian P. Griffin, Gordon K. Murdoch, and Kara J. Thornton. "The Impact of Polyamine Precursors, Polyamines, and Steroid Hormones on Temporal Messenger RNA Abundance in Bovine Satellite Cells Induced to Differentiate." Animals 11, no. 3 (2021): 764. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11030764.
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Emerging research suggests that hormones found in anabolic implants interact with polyamine biosynthesis. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of steroidal hormones, polyamines and polyamine precursors on bovine satellite cell (BSC) differentiation and polyamine biosynthesis temporally. Primary BSCs were induced to differentiate in 3% horse serum (CON) and treated with 10 nM trenbolone acetate (TBA), 10 nM estradiol (E2), 10 nM TBA and 10 nM E2, 10 mM methionine, 8 mM ornithine, 2 mM putrescine, 1.5 mM spermidine, or 0.5 mM spermine. Total mRNA was isolated 0, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, and 48 h post-treatment. Abundance of mRNA for genes associated with induction of BSC differentiation: paired box transcription factor 7, myogenic factor 5, and myogenic differentiation factor 1 and genes in the polyamine biosynthesis pathway: ornithine decarboxylase and S-adenosylmethionine—were analyzed. Overall, steroidal hormones did not impact (p > 0.05) mRNA abundance of genes involved in BSC differentiation, but did alter (p = 0.04) abundance of genes involved in polyamine biosynthesis. Polyamine precursors influenced (p < 0.05) mRNA of genes involved in BSC differentiation. These results indicate that polyamine precursors and polyamines impact BSC differentiation and abundance of mRNA involved in polyamine biosynthesis, while steroidal hormones altered the mRNA involved in polyamine biosynthesis.
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Suárez-Gargallo, Carlos, and Patrocinio Zaragoza-Sáez. "How the Balanced Scorecard Is Implemented in the Spanish Footwear Industry." Sustainability 13, no. 10 (2021): 5641. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13105641.
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This paper provides a deeper knowledge of the implementation of the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) in the Spanish footwear industry, under an exploratory research which has been conducted with a final sample of seven firms. An online questionnaire was developed, supported by phone calls and a personal interview. An 18–24-month-period has been found to be enough to develop solid foundations for a BSC. Financial and non-financial measures are presented in the whole firms and in the majority of the four perspectives, linked by cause-and-effect relationships, showing a high development in the BSC implementation. BSCs with a high grade of development are more likely to identify their intangibles as well as include them in the firm’s strategy. A personal BSC has been identified as a limitation. Although the strategy is spread out with meetings in the whole firms, it is not known at all levels, showing a gap to be fulfilled. Strategy maps are key in BCS implementation: they are present in the majority of the firms and show that the performance drivers reach the strategy. Firms with a high grade of development and expectation, using both financial and non-financial measures linked by cause-and-effect relationships, are more likely to define sustainable measures, integrating them in their own BSC.
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Xiong Kai-Xin, Xi Kun, Bao Lei, Zhang Zhong-Liang, and Tan Zhi-Jie. "Molecular dynamics simulations on DNA flexibility: a comparative study of Amber bsc1 and bsc0 force fields." Acta Physica Sinica 67, no. 10 (2018): 108701. http://dx.doi.org/10.7498/aps.67.20180326.
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Caputa, Kasia, Darwyn Coxson, and Paul Sanborn. "Seasonal patterns of nitrogen fixation in biological soil crusts from British Columbia’s Chilcotin grasslands." Botany 91, no. 9 (2013): 631–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2013-0014.
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This study provides estimates of N2 fixation in biological soil crusts (BSCs) from shrub–steppe grasslands in British Columbia’s Chilcotin plateau. We identify key seasonal periods and environmental conditions during episodes of BSC nitrogen-fixation activity. Predicted nitrogen-fixation activity showed two peak periods: one during late winter and early spring snowmelt events, and the second during summer precipitation events. BSC nitrogen fixation, especially summer activity, was quite variable from year to year. The magnitude of predicted nitrogen fixation at the landscape level was dependent upon the ratio used to convert rates of acetylene reduction to nitrogen fixed. Using a theoretical ratio of 3:1, estimates of average annual BSC nitrogen fixation were 1.0 kg N·ha−1. However, using a conversion ratio of 0.06, obtained from side-by-side measurements of acetylene reduction and 15N uptake, annual estimates are 52 kg N·ha−1. These estimates are based on assessments of the aerial extent of dark BSC communities, which at the Farwell Canyon study site exceeded 50%. The fate of fixed nitrogen, especially during the late winter period, when underlying soils are frozen, remains unclear.
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Glaser, Karin, Karen Baumann, Peter Leinweber, Tatiana Mikhailyuk, and Ulf Karsten. "Algal richness in BSCs in forests under different management intensity with some implications for P cycling." Biogeosciences 15, no. 13 (2018): 4181–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-4181-2018.
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Abstract. Biological soil crusts (BSCs) are highly important communities in drylands and disturbed areas worldwide, where the higher vegetation is sparse, with a diverse microalgal community as the key component. They perform important ecological functions, such as stabilization of soil and nutrient enrichment. In temperate regions BSCs are also common, but generally less studied. Changes in land use and land use intensity strongly influence biodiversity per se and ecosystem processes, as can be seen particularly in densely populated regions like Europe. However, systematic studies on the effect of land use gradients, i.e., forest management intensity, on BSCs have been missing up to now. To close this knowledge gap and enhance the understanding of management effects on BSCs from pine and beech forests under different management regimes, key primary producers of these communities (eukaryotic microalgae and cyanobacteria) were studied. Phototrophic microorganisms were identified morphologically and categorized as either coccal taxa, which typically occur in high diversity, or filamentous taxa, which have the potential to initiate BSC formation. In total, 51 algal species were recorded, most of them from the phylum Chlorophyta, followed by Streptophyta and Stramenopiles, and only 1 cyanobacterial taxon. The most abundant crust-initiating filamentous algae were three species of Klebsormidium (Streptophyta), a ubiquitous genus regularly occurring in BSCs because of its broad ecophysiological tolerance. Increasing management intensity in the forests resulted in a higher number of algal species; especially the number of coccal taxa increased. Furthermore, the proportion of inorganic phosphorus showed tendencies towards a negative correlation with the number of algal species. Thus, management of forests has an impact on the diversity of phototrophic organisms in BSCs, which might in turn affect their biogeochemical P cycling.
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Fischer, T., A. Yair, and M. Veste. "Microstructure and hydraulic properties of biological soil crusts on sand dunes: a comparison between arid and temperate climates." Biogeosciences Discussions 9, no. 9 (2012): 12711–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-9-12711-2012.
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Abstract. We studied the relationships between crust microstructure, infiltration and water holding capacity under arid and temperate conditions (Factor A: Climate) on biological soil crusts (BSCs) sampled along a~catena on mobile sand dunes (Factor B: Catena). The arid study site was located near Nizzana, Israel (precipitation: 86 mm a−1, PET: ~2500 mm a−1) and the temperate site near Lieberose, Germany (precipitation: 569 mm a−1, PET: ~780 mm a−1). BSCs were sampled near the dune crest, at the centre of the dune slope and at the dune base at each site. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to characterize BSC morphology and microstructure. Infiltration was determined using microinfiltrometry under controlled moisture conditions in the lab. Water holding capacities were determined after water saturation of the dry BSCs. Wettability of the crusts was characterized using a "repellency index", which was calculated from water and ethanol sorptivities. Irrespective of the climate, an accumulation of fine particles in the BSCs was found, increasing along the catena from dune crest to dune base. Texture was finer and water holding capacities of the underlying substrate were higher at the arid site, whereas surface wettability was reduced at the temperate site. At both sites, BSCs caused extra water holding capacity compared to the substrate. Infiltration rates decreased along the catena and were generally lower at the dune slope and base of the arid site. A mechanism of crust stabilization is proposed where BSCs benefit from increased texture and biomass mediated water supply, and where the water supply to higher plants was limited due to alteration of physico-chemical surface properties under temperate conditions.
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Maeng, Jung-Joo, Kayla Sabharwal, and M. Ali Ülkü. "Vein to vein: exploring blood supply chains in Canada." Journal of Operations and Supply Chain Management 11, no. 1 (2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.12660/joscmv11n1p1-13.
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<p class="Keywords">There is not yet any substitute for human blood which remains a scarce resource in many countries. Effective and efficient management of blood supply chains (BSCs) is utmost important in the healthcare industry. This paper gives an overview of the BSC and how blood products are used at hospitals to provide life-saving services to patients. Factoring in the blood types and their receipt compatibility, a simple inventory model is proposed. Using secondary data, the model is illustrated by way of a small case study in Nova Scotia, Canada. We highlight that due to both demand and supply uncertainties, and due to its perishable nature, inventorying blood products is not straightforward and brings with it many logistical and management challenges in the BSC.</p>