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Corral Guillé, Ismene, and Rolando Rivera Gonzalez. "Diferencias en el diagnóstico del desarrollo, comparación de las escalas de Bayley II y III." Acta Pediátrica de México 44, no. 3 (2023): 187–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.18233/apm.v44i3.2512.
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ANTECEDENTES: Las escalas Bayley son una herramienta ampliamente reportada para la evaluación del desarrollo en los primeros años de vida. Estudios que comparan la segunda edición (BSID-II) y la tercera (B III), informan puntuaciones más altas de lo esperado usando B-III, otros asumen que el BSID-II presenta mayores exigencias a las de varias poblaciones. No existen reportes en población hispanohablante.
 OBJETIVO: Comparar puntuaciones y clasificación de ambas versiones en niños con antecedentes de riesgo perinatal.
 MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal descriptivo en 671 niños de 0 a 42 meses, con antecedentes de riesgo perinatal. Se utilizaron las escalas BSID-II y B-III. Cada participante fue evaluado en una sola sesión. Para la comparación entre ambas pruebas, se calculó la media de las puntuaciones del B-III de las escalas cognitiva y de lenguaje, denominado Puntaje Compuesto Lenguaje-Cognitivo (PC-LC).
 RESULTADOS: La media del PC-LC del B-III fue 14.04 puntos mayor a la del Índice de Desarrollo (ID) Mental BSID-II, y el Puntaje Compuesto Motor (PC-Motora del B-III) 17.87 puntos más alta que el ID Motor BSID-II. Las regresiones lineales para estimar los ID Mental BSID-II a partir del B-III mostraron valores de r2 = 0.55 y por rango de edad con r2 de 0.52 a 0.84 y para el ID Motor BSID-II con r2 de 0.58 en general, y para los 7 rangos con r2 entre 0.51 a 0.75
 CONCLUSIONES. Con el BSID-II se observa mayor presencia de alteraciones en ambas subescalas. El BSID-II subestima el desarrollo del niño respecto al B-III.
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Hammerl, Marlene, Martina Zimmermann, Anna Posod, et al. "Comparative analysis of developmental outcomes in very preterm infants: BSID-II versus Bayley-III German norms." PLOS ONE 20, no. 1 (2025): e0318263. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0318263.
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Introduction After the release of the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, third edition (Bayley-III), US norms, an overestimation of outcome was observed. But, the conformity between the Bayley Scales of Infant Development, second edition (BSID-II), and the Bayley-III German norms is unknown. This retrospective analysis aimed to compare outcomes of very preterm infants tested with BSID-II and Bayley-III German norms. Methods Infants born from November 2007 to July 2018 were included. Exclusion criteria were death or missing outcome. Infants underwent testing with either BSID-II until December 2013 or Bayley-III from January 2014 onward, at 12 and/or 24 months. BSID-II Mental Developmental Index (MDI) was compared to Bayley-III cognitive score and a combined Bayley-Score (CB-III) consisting of the cognitive and language composite score. BSID-II Psychomotor Developmental Index (PDI) was compared to Bayley-III motor composite score. Abnormal outcomes were defined as scores <85 (delay) or <70 (impairment). Results 649 infants were included. At 12 months, the Bayley-III cohort achieved higher scores in all domains compared to the BSID-II cohort (all p<0.05), with lower rates of motor delay in the Bayley-III cohort (p<0.001). At 24 months, only Bayley-III motor composite scores were higher than the BSID-II PDI (p<0.001). Rates of cognitive impairment were higher in the Bayley-III cohort (p = 0.013). Interpretation Our findings indicate that the Bayley-III German norms effectively identify children needing interventions, particularly at 24 months corrected age. This supports both clinical application and scientific comparability with the BSID-II.
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Richter, Jörg, and Lisbeth Valla. "Måleegenskaper ved den norske versjonen av Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (BSID, BSID-II, BSID-III)." PsykTestBarn 3, no. 2 (2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.21337/0026.
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Beskrivelse: Bayley Scales of Infant Development (BSID) måler kognitiv, språklig og motorisk utviklingsfungering, samt sosial og emosjonell tilpassingsadferd hos sped- og små barn i alderen 1 til 42 måneder. Den er revidert to ganger, og tredjeutgaven, BSID-III, er den som er vanligst å bruke i dag. BSID-III består av fem deltester som er sammenfattet til tre skalaer og tre spørreskjemaer, men bare de tre kjerneskalaene (kognitiv skala, motorisk skala, og språklig skala) er inkludert i den norske utgaven. Det tar mellom 30 og 50 minutter å administrere testen, avhengig av barnets alder. Den norske utgaven av BSID-III er tilgjengelig fra Pearson Assessment and Information AB.
 Litteratursøk: Vårt systematiske litteratursøk resulterte i 147 treff, hvorav syv publikasjoner fra fem norske kliniske studier og én dansk befolkningsstudie (åtte artikler basert på BSID, 16 basert på BSID-II, og to på BSID-III).
 Psykometri: Det finnes ikke dokumentasjon på de psykometriske egenskapene ved norske eller skandinaviske versjoner av BSID-III basert på . Bare én norsk studie rapporterte prediktiv validitet i forhold til psykomotorisk utviklingsindeks (PDI) i norske BSID-data. Det ble konkludert, basert på relativt høy area under the curve (AUC) i reciever operating characheristics (ROC) -kurveanalysen, at PDI er et effektivt diagnostisk instrument. Ingen av de norske eller skandinaviske studiene har undersøkt eller rapportert om testens reliabilitet. Det finnes ingen norske eller andre skandinaviske normer.
 Konklusjon: Det foreligger ikke dokumentasjon på psykometriske egenskaper ved den norske eller skandinaviske versjonen av BSID-III. Det er stort behov for studier om psykometriske egenskaper i norske utvalg. Amerikanske normer må anvendes med forsiktighet til klinisk utviklingsvurdering av norske barn.
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Manasyan, Albert, Ariel A. Salas, Tracy Nolen, et al. "Diagnostic accuracy of ASQ for screening of neurodevelopmental delays in low resource countries." BMJ Open 13, no. 5 (2023): e065076. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-065076.
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ObjectiveThe Bayley Scales of Infant Development (BSID) is the most used diagnostic tool to identify neurodevelopmental disorders in children under age 3 but is challenging to use in low-resource countries. The Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ) is an easy-to-use, low-cost clinical tool completed by parents/caregivers that screens children for developmental delay. The objective was to determine the performance of ASQ as a screening tool for neurodevelopmental impairment when compared with BSID second edition (BSID-II) for the diagnosis of moderate-to-severe neurodevelopmental impairment among infants at 12 and 18 months of age in low-resource countries.MethodsStudy participants were recruited as part of the First Bites Complementary Feeding trial from the Democratic Republic of Congo, Zambia, Guatemala and Pakistan between October 2008 and January 2011. Study participants underwent neurodevelopmental assessment by trained personnel using the ASQ and BSID-II at 12 and 18 months of age.ResultsData on both ASQ and BSID-II assessments of 1034 infants were analysed. Four of five ASQ domains had specificities greater than 90% for severe neurodevelopmental delay at 18 months of age. Sensitivities ranged from 23% to 62%. The correlations between ASQ communications subscale and BSID-II Mental Development Index (MDI) (r=0.38) and between ASQ gross motor subscale and BSID-II Psychomotor Development Index (PDI) (r=0.33) were the strongest correlations found.ConclusionAt 18 months, ASQ had high specificity but moderate-to-low sensitivity for BSID-II MDI and/or PDI <70. ASQ, when administered by trained healthcare workers, may be a useful screening tool to detect severe disability in infants from rural low-income to middle-income settings.Trial registration numberNCT01084109.
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Goldstone, Andrew B., Michael Baiocchi, David Wypij, et al. "The Bayley-III scale may underestimate neurodevelopmental disability after cardiac surgery in infants." European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery 57, no. 1 (2019): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ejcts/ezz123.
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Abstract OBJECTIVES Neurodevelopmental disability is the most common complication among congenital heart surgery survivors. The Bayley scales are standardized instruments to assess neurodevelopment. The most recent edition (Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development 3rd Edition, Bayley-III) yields better-than-expected scores in typically developing and high-risk infants than the second edition (Bayley Scales of Infant Development 2nd Edition, BSID-II). We compared BSID-II and Bayley-III scores in infants undergoing cardiac surgery. METHODS We evaluated 2198 infants who underwent operations with cardiopulmonary bypass between 1996 and 2009 at 26 institutions. We used propensity score matching to limit confounding by indication in a subset of patients (n = 705). RESULTS Overall, unadjusted Bayley-III motor scores were higher than BSID-II Psychomotor Development Index scores (90.7 ± 17.2 vs 77.6 ± 18.8, P &lt; 0.001), and unadjusted Bayley-III composite cognitive and language scores were higher than BSID-II Mental Development Index scores (92.0 ± 15.4 vs 88.2 ± 16.7, P &lt; 0.001). In the propensity-matched analysis, Bayley-III motor scores were higher than BSID-II Psychomotor Development Index scores [absolute difference 14.1, 95% confidence interval (CI) 11.7–17.6; P &lt; 0.001] and the Bayley-III classified fewer children as having severe [odds ratio (OR) 0.24; 95% CI 0.14–0.42] or mild-to-moderate impairment (OR 0.21; 95% CI 0.14–0.32). The composite of Bayley-III cognitive and language scores was higher than BSID-II Mental Development Index scores (absolute difference 4.0, 95% CI 1.4–6.7; P = 0.003), but there was no difference between Bayley editions in the proportion of children classified as having severe cognitive and language impairment. CONCLUSIONS The Bayley-III yielded higher scores than the BSID-II and classified fewer children as severely impaired. The systematic bias towards higher scores with the Bayley-III precludes valid comparisons between early and contemporary cardiac surgery cohorts.
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Lung, For-Wey, Po-Fei Chen, and Bih-Ching Shu. "Predictive and Construct Validity of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development and the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence with the Taiwan Birth Cohort Study Instrument." Psychological Reports 111, no. 1 (2012): 83–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/10.04.pr0.111.4.83-96.
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This study aimed to investigate the concurrent validity of the parent-report Taiwan Birth Cohort Study Developmental Instrument (TBCS–DI) with the Bayley Scales of Infant Development-Second Edition (BSID–II) and the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence-Revised (WPPSI-R) at 6, 18, 36, and 60 months. 100 children were recruited at 6 months, 88 children followed-up at 18 months, 71 at 36 months, and 53 at 60 months. Longitudinally, the parent-report TBCS–DI, with the professional psychological assessments of the BSID–II and the WPPSI–R showed predictive validity. Looking at each time point in cross section, at 6 and 18 months the TBCS–DI had good concurrent validity with the BSID–II, and at 36 and 60 months the TBCS–DI was correlated only with the motor and performance domains of the BSID–II and WPPSI–R. With further investigation, the TBCS–DI may be used both in research and in clinical settings.
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Flynn, Rachel S., Matthew D. Huber, and Sara B. DeMauro. "Predictive Value of the BSID-II and the Bayley-III for Early School Age Cognitive Function in Very Preterm Infants." Global Pediatric Health 7 (January 2020): 2333794X2097314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2333794x20973146.
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Objective: To compare the predictive validity of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development, Second Edition (BSID-II) and the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition (Bayley-III) for cognitive function at early school age in very preterm infants. Methods: Seventy-seven former preterm infants (born <32 weeks gestation and ≤2000 g) completed both the BSID-II and the Bayley-III at 2 years corrected age. Children enrolled at hospitals that perform follow-up beyond 2 years had cognitive assessments with the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence Fourth Edition (WPPSI-IV). Associations between Bayley and WPPSI scores were assessed using correlation coefficients, linear regression, and Bland-Altman plots. Results: Thirty-one of 45 eligible children were tested with the WPPSI-IV at 47 ± 11 months. Average BSID-II Mental Development Index (MDI) was 86 ± 19, Bayley-III Cognitive composite score was 101 ± 12 and WPPSI Full Scale IQ (FSIQ) was 96 ± 12. Correlation between MDI and FSIQ was 0.54 ( P < .001); correlation between Bayley-III cognitive composite score and FSIQ was 0.31 ( P = .03). Bayley-III language composite had a modestly stronger correlation with FSIQ than cognitive composite (correlation coefficient 0.39; P = .005). Linear regression models also demonstrated that BSID-II was more closely correlated with FSIQ than Bayley-III. This bias was consistent across the full range of scores. Conclusion: The BSID-II underestimated FSIQ and the Bayley-III overestimated FSIQ. Children at risk for impairment might be missed with the Bayley-III. As the Bayley-4 is introduced, clinicians and researchers should be cautious about interpretation of scores until performance of this new measure is fully understood.
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Ye, Dong Hyun, Tae Won Kim, Su Min Kim, et al. "Can AI-Based Video Analysis Help Evaluate the Performance of the Items in the Bayley Scales of Infant Development?" Children 12, no. 3 (2025): 276. https://doi.org/10.3390/children12030276.
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Aims: To develop and evaluate a novel AI-based video analysis tool for the quantitative assessment of “Places Pegs in” and “Blue Board” tasks in the Bayley Scales of Infant Development (BSID-II). Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted from February 2022 to December 2022, including children aged 12–42 months referred for suspected developmental delay. Participants were evaluated using the BSID-II, and their performances on the two tasks were video recorded and analyzed with the novel tool. Sensitivity and specificity were determined by comparing the tool’s results to standard BSID-II assessments by therapists. Data collected included total time, number of trials, successful trials, and time and spatial intervals for each trial. Children were classified into typically developing (TD) (MDI ≥ 85) and developmental delay (DD) (MDI < 85) groups based on their mental developmental index (MDI). Results: A total of 75 children participated in the study, and the mean values of MDI and PDI for the enrolled children were 88.9 ± 18.7 and 80.0 ± 16.7. The “Places Pegs in” had 86.5% sensitivity and 100% specificity; the “Blue Board” had 96.9% sensitivity and 89.5% specificity. Differences in cumulative successes over time were observed between age groups and TD and DD groups. The tool automatically calculated maximum successes at specific time points. Interpretation: The AI-based tool showed high predictive accuracy for BSID-II tasks in children aged 12–42 months, indicating potential utility for developmental assessments.
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Atukunda, Prudence, Grace K. M. Muhoozi, Ane C. Westerberg, and Per O. Iversen. "Nutrition, Hygiene and Stimulation Education for Impoverished Mothers in Rural Uganda: Effect on Maternal Depression Symptoms and Their Associations to Child Development Outcomes." Nutrients 11, no. 7 (2019): 1561. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11071561.
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Optimal nutrition improves child development, and impaired development is associated with maternal depression symptoms, in particular in low resource settings. In this follow-up of an open cluster-randomized education trial, we examined its effects among mothers in rural Uganda on their depression symptoms and the association of these symptoms to child development. The education comprised complementary feeding, stimulation, and hygiene. We assessed 77 intervention mothers and 78 controls using Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) scores. Child development was assessed with Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development-III (BSID-III) composite scores for cognitive, language and motor development. Compared to controls, the intervention reduced depression symptoms’ scores with mean (95% CI) differences: −8.26 (−11.49 to −1.13, p = 0.0001) and −6.54; (−8.69 to −2.99, p = 0.004) for BDI II at 20–24 and 36 months, respectively. Similar results were obtained with CES-D. There was a negative association of BDI-II scores and BSID-III cognitive and language scores at 20–24 (p = 0.01 and 0.008, respectively) and 36 months (p = 0.017 and 0.001, respectively). CES-D associations with BSID-III cognitive and language scores showed similar trends. BSID-III motor scores were associated with depression scores at 36 months for both BDI-II and CES-D (p = 0.043 and 0.028, respectively). In conclusion, the group education was associated with reduced maternal depression scores. Moreover, the depression scores were inversely associated with child cognitive and language development outcomes.
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Ruiter, Selma A. J., Henk C. Lutje Spelberg, Bieuwe F. van der Meulen, and Han Nakken. "The BSID-II-NL: construction, standardisation, and instrumental utility." Netherlands Journal of Psychology 64, no. 1 (2008): 15–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03076405.
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Parveen, Monowara, Syed Tanveer Rahman, Shaheen Islam, Sultana Sarwatara Zaman, Jena Hamadani, and Naila Zaman Khan. "Adaptation of items of bayley scales of infant development-II (BSID-II) suitable for Bangladeshi infants." Dhaka University Journal of Biological Sciences 23, no. 2 (2014): 187–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujbs.v23i2.20099.
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The purpose of this study was to culturally adapt the items of Bayley Scales of Infant Development?II (BSID?II) for administration upon Bangladeshi infants. The adaptation procedure was conducted by following four steps: (i) field survey on normative sample, (ii) national expertise opinion, (iii) international expertise consultancy and (iv) picture sensitivity review. The culture based problems of the original BSID?II were identified from the initial field survey. Major problems identified by the examiners were unfamiliarity of the children with the items (pictures, words and materials). These assessments were evaluated by the national and international consultants. The uncommon items were changed to culturally recognizable ones while Bangla words were replaced to make the test culture?fair. At last, the adapted test was given to 22 healthy children to assess picture sensitivity of the test and found suitable where the infants attentively responded to the items. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujbs.v23i2.20099 Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 23(2): 187-195, 2014
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Oré Luján, Beatriz, Juan José Díaz, and Mary Penny. "Impacto de una intervención con grupos de mamás y bebes en el desarrollo infantil." Revista de Psicología 29, no. 1 (2011): 37–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.18800/psico.201101.002.
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Se evalúa el impacto de una intervención grupal, con madres y niños de ocho meses de edad, en el desarrollo de los niños, realizada en un distrito urbano marginal de Lima Metropolitana. La asignación a los grupos control y tratamiento fue aleatoria y se evaluó el desarrollo de los niños y niñas antes y después de la intervención con la BSID-II. La intervención tuvo un impacto general positivo en el desarrollo de los niños, pero no se encontraron diferencias significativas entre ambos grupos en el Índice de Desarrollo Mental o el Índice de Desarrollo Psicomotor. Se observó un efecto especialmente significativo (p < .05) en dos factores de la Escala de Comportamiento de la BSID-II.
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Granados Ramos, Dora Elizabeth, Ana N. Figueroa Fernández, and Ma Magdalena Álvarez Ramírez. "Dificultades de lenguaje en niños de 1 a 18 meses de edad." Revista de Enfermería Neurológica 15, no. 1 (2016): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.37976/enfermeria.v15i1.221.
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Los niños aprenden el lenguaje desde etapas tempranas de la vida en la interacción con sus cuidadores principales y su medio ambiente. Existen factores de riesgo ambientales y biológicos que pueden dificultar el aprendizaje del lenguaje. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, observacional, transversal con 18 niños (9 niñas y 9 niños) de 1 a 18 meses de edad de la ciudad de Xalapa, Veracruz. Se evaluó el desarrollo general y del lenguaje con dos instrumentos: Evaluación de Desarrollo Infantil (EDI) y Escala de Desarrollo Infantil Bayley II (BSID-II). El objetivo fue identificar las dificultades del lenguaje de niños de 1 a 18 meses de edad. Se encontraron asociaciones significativas de los puntajes de lenguaje de la BSID-II con el Índice de Desarrollo Mental (IDM). En los niños de 1 a 24 meses de edad deben realizarse evaluaciones periódicas de lenguaje para prevenir dificultades posteriores en los aprendizajes básicos.
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Carter, Sheena L., and Maureen Mulligan LaRossa. "Clinical use of the BSID-II with high-risk nicu survivors." Infant Behavior and Development 19 (April 1996): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0163-6383(96)90108-3.
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Janning, Anna, Hanne Lademann, and Dirk Olbertz. "Predictive Value of the Münchener Funktionelle Entwicklungsdiagnostik Used to Determine Risk Factors for Motor Development in German Preterm Infants." Biomedicines 11, no. 10 (2023): 2626. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11102626.
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Early diagnosis of developmental delays is essential to providing early developmental care. The Münchener Funktionelle Entwicklungsdiagnostik (MFED) is a simple and cost-effective tool for diagnosing the development of infants and young children. Nevertheless, the MFED has not been a well-studied part of current research. This retrospective cohort study aims to detect risk factors and assess the impact of developmental care during the first twelve months of life, using the MFED. Furthermore, it determines the MFED’s predictive value by comparing results with an international gold standard, the Bayley Scales of Infant Development II (BSID II). The study included 303 infants born between 2008–2013 in Rostock, Germany, with a birth weight of ≤1500 g and/or a gestational age of ≤32 weeks, who were evaluated with the MFED at twelve months of age. To ascertain the predictive value, 213 infants underwent BSID II assessment at 24 months of age. Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), and periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) were significantly associated with a higher risk of developmental delay across various domains. Post-discharge developmental care therapies did not indicate any clear beneficial effect on the infant’s development. Nevertheless, some domains of MFED demonstrate predictive value, warranting increased attention for this diagnostic.
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Behrens, Philine, Anna Tietze, Elisabeth Walch, et al. "Neurodevelopmental outcome at 2 years after neuroendoscopic lavage in neonates with posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus." Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics 26, no. 5 (2020): 495–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2020.5.peds20211.
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OBJECTIVEA standardized guideline for treatment of posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus in premature infants is still missing. Because an early ventriculoperitoneal shunt surgery is avoided due to low body weight and fragility of the patients, the neurosurgical treatment focuses on temporary solutions for CSF diversion as a minimally invasive approach. Neuroendoscopic lavage (NEL) was additionally introduced for early elimination of intraventricular blood components to reduce possible subsequent complications such as shunt dependency, infection, and multiloculated hydrocephalus. The authors report their first experience regarding neurodevelopmental outcome after NEL in this patient cohort.METHODSIn a single-center retrospective cohort study with 45 patients undergoing NEL, the authors measured neurocognitive development at 2 years with the Bayley Scales of Infant Development, 2nd Edition, Mental Developmental Index (BSID II MDI) and graded the ability to walk with the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS). They further recorded medication with antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) and quantified ventricular and brain volumes by using 3D MRI data sets.RESULTSForty-four patients were alive at 2 years of age. Eight of 27 patients (30%) assessed revealed a fairly normal neurocognitive development (BSID II MDI ≥ 70), 28 of 36 patients (78%) were able to walk independently or with minimal aid (GMFCS 0–2), and 73% did not require AED treatment. Based on MR volume measurements, greater brain volume was positively correlated with BSID II MDI (rs = 0.52, 95% CI 0.08–0.79) and negatively with GMFCS (rs = −0.69, 95% CI −0.85 to −0.42). Based on Bayesian logistic regression, AED treatment, the presence of comorbidities, and also cerebellar pathology could be identified as relevant risk factors for both neurodevelopmental outcomes, increasing the odds more than 2-fold—but with limited precision in estimation.CONCLUSIONSNeuromotor outcome assessment after NEL is comparable to previously published drainage, irrigation, and fibrinolytic therapy (DRIFT) study results. A majority of NEL-treated patients showed independent mobility. Further validation of outcome measurements is warranted in an extended setup, as intended by the prospective international multicenter registry for treatment of posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus (TROPHY).
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Kolobe, Thubi HA. "Childrearing Practices and Developmental Expectations for Mexican-American Mothers and the Developmental Status of Their Infants." Physical Therapy 84, no. 5 (2004): 439–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ptj/84.5.439.
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Abstract Background and Purpose. The impact of parent education programs on early intervention programs is not thought to be uniform among children from majority and minority populations. This study examined the relationship between maternal childrearing practices and behaviors and the developmental status of Mexican-American infants. Subjects. Participants were 62 Mexican-American mother-infant pairs. The infants' mean adjusted age was 12 months (SD=1.7, range=9–14). A third of the children were diagnosed with developmental delays and referred for early intervention by physicians or therapists when the children received their medical follow-up. The group was stratified according to socioeconomic status and acculturation using the Bidimensional Acculturation Scale for Hispanics. This scale uses cutoff points to classify individuals into 3 levels of acculturation. Methods. Information on childrearing practices and behaviors was gathered using the Parent Behavior Checklist (PBC), the Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (HOME) Inventory, and the Nursing Child Assessment Teaching Scale (NCATS). Infants' developmental status was assessed by use of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development II (BSID II). The Pearson product moment correlation, partial correlations, Fisher z transformation, and multiple regression analyses were used to examine the relationship between childrearing practices and parenting behaviors, demographic factors, and infants' developmental status. Results. Maternal nurturing behaviors, parent-child interaction, and quality of the home environment were positively correlated with the infants' cognitive development. Maternal years of education modified the observed relationship between PBC and BSID II scores but not the observed relationship between HOME Inventory and NCATS scores. The childrearing practices, maternal socioeconomic status (SES) and age, and infants' gestational age at birth (GA) explained 45% of the variance in infants' cognitive scores. The infants' GA, maternal SES and age, and NCATS scores accounted for 32% of the motor scores on the BSID II. Discussion and Conclusion. The findings partially support a link between aspects of the mothers' childrearing behaviors and their infants' cognitive developmental status. For motor developmental status, the association appeared stronger with the infants' characteristics than with maternal childrearing practices and behaviors tested in this study.
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Armstrong, F. Daniel, T. David Elkin, R. Clark Brown, et al. "Neurodevelopment in Infants with Sickle Cell Anemia: Baseline Data from the Baby HUG Trial." Blood 112, no. 11 (2008): 713. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v112.11.713.713.
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Abstract Delays and deficits in neurodevelopment are known complications of sickle cell anemia (SCA) in young children1. Hydroxyurea is a chemotherapeutic agent that increases production of fetal hemoglobin, and has proven effective in reducing pain and other SCA-related complications in adults, adolescents, and school-age children. To determine whether treatment with hydroxyurea for 24 months would benefit infants with SCA, the NHLBI initiated a multi-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial (NCT00006400) in 2003 (BABY HUG). After screening 233 infants for eligibility, 193 infants 9 to 17 months of age from 14 participating institutions were randomized. While the primary outcomes for BABY HUG are spleen and kidney function, neurodevelopment is an important safety assessment and a secondary outcome. Two hundred and seven (male=89, female = 117) infants were administered the Bayley Scales of Infant Development-2nd Edition (BSID-II) by qualified psychological examiners during the screening phase of the trial. The infants also completed a transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD) to determine flow velocity in seven ascending arteries of the brain. The analyses for this report focused on the relationships between neurodevelopmental function on the BSID-II, age at study entry and TCD flow velocities. Overall the mean neurodevelopmental function of the sample was in the average range (mean Motor Developmental Index= 96.8; mean Mental Developmental Index = 96.3). Age at study entry (continuous and categorical) was significantly correlated with the Mental Scale of the BSID-II (p=0.0042, p=0.0001, respectively). On average, a child’s Mental Developmental Index (MDI) decreased by 0.75 for every one month increase in age. Age (categorical) was also significantly associated with the Motor Scale of the BSID (p=0.0255). TCD velocity has been shown to be a sensitive indicator of existing and future risk for central nervous system (CNS) events in children with SCA. In children age 2–16 years, flow velocities over 200mm/ sec are associated with significant stroke risk; flow velocities between 170–200 mm/sec are associated with potential risk for neurodevelopmental deficits. Early associations between TCD and neurodevelopment could be considered important clinical indicators of risk for future CNS events. BSID Mental Scale scores were significantly associated with the maximum (of left or right) flow velocity in the M-1 artery (p=0.04) and the Behavior Rating Scale scores were significantly associated with the dICA velocity (p=0.008). In both of these cases, higher flow velocity was associated with poorer neurodevelopmental function. These results reflect the function of a large group of infants and toddlers with SCA prior to the initiation of any treatment targeting the CNS. Although the overall function of the group was in the average range, it is concerning to find strong relationships between increasing age at enrollment and decreasing MDI and between higher TCD flow velocity and decreased neurodevelopmental function in these very young children. The importance of early screening and perhaps sequential assessment of infants with both TCD and neurodevelopmental assessments is raised by these findings, as is the importance of continuing efforts to determine whether interventions, such as early HU therapy, might favorably impact the CNS complications of this disease that affect neurodevelopment.
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Fluegge, Kyle R., Marcia Nishioka, and John R. (III) Wilkins. "Effects of simultaneous prenatal exposures to organophosphate and synthetic pyrethroid insecticides on infant neurodevelopment at three months of age." Journal of Environmental Toxicology & Public Health 1 (May 19, 2016): 60–73. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.218417.
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Both prenatal organophosphate (OP) and pyrethroid (PYRE) insecticide exposures have been inconsistently linked with poorer neurodevelopmental outcomes. However, given that neither exposure occurs in isolation, and both classes are neurotoxic, it is important to consider both classes when evaluating these outcomes. Employing biomarkers of pesticide exposure, this research describes the effects of prenatal urinary metabolite levels of PYRE and OP insecticides, measured in both the second and third trimesters of pregnancy and postnatal urinary metabolite levels measured at 2 months of age, on child neurodevelopment at three months of age. Neurodevelopmental data were obtained by administration of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development-II (BSID-II). Generalized linear models using maximum likelihood estimation were used to evaluate the relationship between the indicators of motor and mental neurobehavioral development obtained for 118 infants and prenatal insecticide exposure, accounting for the concurrent infant insecticide exposure. Urinary measures of the PYRE metabolites 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3PBA) and trans-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2 dimethylcyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (trans-DCCA) in the third trimester of pregnancy had significant, albeit opposite, effects on mental functioning at three months of age. We observed no significant (<em>p </em>< 0.05) effects on motor development. These results were robust to second month infant urine measures of 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (metabolite of OP chlorpyrifos), which independently had a significant and negative influence on mental functioning. Prenatal PYRE exposures exert heterogeneous effects by class on mental, but not motor, functioning at three months of age.
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García-Martínez, María de la Paz, Juan Sánchez-Caravaca, María del Pilar Montealegre-Ramón, and Julio Pérez-López. "Valor predictivo de las escalas Bayley aplicadas a un grupo de niños nacidos pretérmino, sobre sus resultados en las Escalas Wechsler a los 10 años." Anales de Psicología 35, no. 1 (2018): 95–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/analesps.35.1.335071.
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Objetivo.- El presente trabajo pretende comprobar si las puntuaciones obtenidas por un grupo de niños nacidos pretérmino durante los primeros 3 años de vida, evaluados con las escalas Bayley, predicen las capacidades cognitivas posteriores, evaluadas con las escalas Wechsler. Método.- Se utilizó un método cuasi-experimental de tipo descriptivo con un diseño longitudinal. Para examinar la capacidad predictiva de las evaluaciones realizadas con la Escala BSID-II sobre los resultados de la Escala WISC-IV, se efectuaron tres análisis de correlación canónica, uno inicial, con los datos del primer mes de edad corregida, otro, a los 18 meses de edad corregida y, un tercero, a los 36 meses de edad cronológica. Resultados.- Las puntuaciones obtenidas en las Escalas BSID-II tanto a los 18 meses de edad corregida, como a los 36 meses de edad cronológica guardan una relación significativa con los resultados obtenidos a los 9-11 años en la Escala WISC-IV. Sin embargo, las puntuaciones obtenidas al mes de edad corregida no sirven para predecir dichos resultados. Conclusiones.- Estos resultados nos permiten subrayar el valor predictivo de las evaluaciones del desarrollo realizadas a partir de los 18 meses de edad corregida, con una buena estabilidad en el desarrollo cognitivo a lo largo del tiempo. Defendemos la intervención y los seguimientos a largo plazo.
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Álvarez Ramírez, Ma Magdalena, Dora Elizabeth Granados Ramos, Pablo Pacheco Cabrera, and Tania Ivonne Hernández Coloa. "Concordancia interobservador en la evaluación de la Escala de Desarrollo Infantil Bayley II." Revista de Enfermería Neurológica 14, no. 2 (2015): 69–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.37976/enfermeria.v14i2.206.
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Un elemento importante en la realización de proyectos de investigación en niños es disminuir el sesgo interobservador al realizar mediciones del desarrollo.
 Cuando se asegura la validez de un instrumento de evaluación, la magnitud del error se puede determinar a través de estudios de concordancia, que tienen como propósito estimar hasta qué punto dos observadores coinciden en su evaluación.
 La Escala de Desarrollo Infantil Bayley II (BSID-II) evalúa el desarrollo de los niños de 1 a 42 meses de edad, la prueba consta de tres subescalas diferenciadas: cognoscitiva, psicomotora y de comportamiento. El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la concordancia interobservador en la evaluación de la Escala de Desarrollo Infantil Bayley II en niños de 1 a 42 meses de edad.
 Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal con 30 niños nacidos a término sin diagnóstico de enfermedad neurológica, genética o metabólica que acudieron a consulta externa al Laboratorio de Psicobiología durante el periodo comprendido de agosto de 2013 a mayo de 2014. Se documentó la historia clínica y se evaluó con la escala BSID-II a cada participante. Se evaluó la concordancia mediante el test de Kappa media de Cohen con el software Epi dat 4.
 La prevalencia de retraso global en el desarrollo de los niños fue de 67%, a partir de ello se observó concordancia tanto en las comparaciones del Índice de desarrollo mental k=0.9528, como en el Índice de desarrollo psicomotor k=.9023.
 El análisis demostró concordancia entre dos profesionistas, lo cual implica que de acuerdo a las categorías no hubo sesgo en el diagnóstico. Este dato es un indicador positivo respecto al nivel de coordinación y la coincidencia en el diagnóstico, además facilita la implementación de tratamientos adecuados para cada uno de los casos evaluados.
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Doddabasappa, Prathiba N., N. S. Mahantshetti, Mahesh Kamate, and Adarsh E. "Effect of kangaroo mother care on neurodevelopmental outcome of low birth weight babies: a one-year randomized control trial." International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 5, no. 2 (2018): 508. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20180545.
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Background: Low birth weight (LBW) is one of the risk factor for neurodevelopmental delay. The present study was undertaken to assess the role of the Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) in the neurodevelopmental outcome of low birth weight babies. Methods: The present study was undertaken at Department of Paediatrics, Jawarharlal Medical college, Belgaum during the period from January 2009 to October 2010. The study includes 80 stable LBW babies were randomized into 40 in the KMC group and 40 in convention method of care group. 36 babies in the KMC group and 33 babies in the CMC group completed the study. The Neurodevelopmental outcome was assessed by the Amiel Tison test at three, six, nine and twelfth months of age. This was compared with BSID test, at one year.Results: The neurosensory examination and passive muscle tone (PMT) were found to be abnormal. Majority of the babies in both groups has a normal neurosensory and PMT development at one year. Statistically significant to muscle tone deficit was observed in the CMC babies at six months and nine months (p = 0.005 and p = 0.013). With respect to BSID, 16 and 29 KMC babies had a normal Psychomotor Development Index (PDI) and Motor Development Index (MDI) scores when compared to 8 and 18 CMC babies (p = 0.003 and p = 0.057 respectively). Number of babies with significant delay was observed to be higher in the CMC group being 11 versus 1 for PDI scores and 4 versus 1 for MDI scores.Conclusions: The present study shows that KMC has a beneficial effect on the neurodevelopmental outcome of low birth weight babies and BSID II is a better test to detect the psychomotor and mental developmental delay when compared to the Amiel Tison test.
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Lattimore, Keri A., Delia M. Vazquez, John D. Barks, and Varsha Bhatt-Mehta. "Developmental outcome of very low birth weight infants treated with hydrocortisone for refractory hypotension." Journal of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine 1, no. 4 (2008): 225–32. https://doi.org/10.3233/npm-2008-00035.
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Background: Hypotension is a common problem in infants born prematurely and is associated with significant adverse events including increased risk for death, IVH, and adverse neurodevelopment. It has been postulated that relative or absolute adrenocortical insufficiency may be partly responsible for hypotension. This has lead to the widespread use of hydrocortisone as treatment for refractory hypotension. Several studies have documented the ability of hydrocortisone to increase blood pressure in the hypotensive newborn, but there is a paucity of information regarding its long term effect on neurodevelopment. Objective: In 2001, our neonatology group established a protocol for the administration of hydrocortisone for the treatment of hypotension refractory to inotropes. The primary aim of this study is to evaluate neurodevelopment at 12 months corrected age (CGA) as assessed by the Mental development Index and Psychomotor development Index (MDI/PDI) components of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development (BSID). Design/methods: Retrospective matched case-control study of VLBW infants treated with hydrocortisone according to protocol (n = 17) between 2002 and 2005 and BSID score at 12 months corrected age (CGA). Infants were matched on birth weight (BW), ± 300g and none/mild IVH (grades 0, I, II) versus severe (grades III, IV). Results: Hydrocortisone exposed infants were significantly different from the no HC group in gestational age (GA), SNAPPE-II, inotrope score, incidence of PDA , days of mechanical ventilation, and ROP surgery. GA, SNAPPE-II, PDA, and ventilation days were independently significantly correlated with the primary outcome of MDI/PDI. Inotrope score was also significantly correlated with MDI. These variables were included as confounders in the multiple linear regression models. HC use was not a significant predictor of MDI (p = 0.7604) or PDI (p = 0.5593) after adjusting for GA, Inotrope score, SNAPPE-II, ventilator days and PDA by multiple linear regression. Conclusions: HC was not a significant predictor of MDI/PDI scores at 12 months CGA when controlling for a large number of predictors of abnormal neurodevelopment.
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Kartin, D., T. M. Grant, A. P. Streissguth, and P. D. Sampson. "9 DEVELOPMENTAL OUTCOMES ON THE BSID-II IN CHILDREN WITH PRENATAL ALCOHOL AND DRUG EXPOSURE (PADE)." Pediatric Physical Therapy 11, no. 4 (1999): 228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001577-199901140-00051.
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Gammeltoft, Marie, and Susanne Landorph. "SPÆDBARNSTESTENES RELEVANS OG ANVENDELIGHED." Psyke & Logos 29, no. 2 (2008): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/pl.v29i2.8502.
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I artiklen præsenteres væsentlige generelle og specifikke forhold ved psykologiske undersøgelser og testning af spæd/småbørn. Tre psykologiske test, der vurderer spæd/småbørns færdighedsmæssige udvikling, præsenteres: Griffiths Udviklingsskala, Bayley Scales of Infant Development II (BSID-II) og Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development III (Bayley-III). Herudover omtales Psycho-Educational Profile-Revised (PEP-R) og Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ). Testene har været/bliver anvendt i klinisk arbejde og i forskning nationalt og internationalt. Testenes aktualitet og anvendelighed diskuteres. Herudover understreges nødvendigheden af, at psykologer, der arbejder med spæd/småbørn og deres familier, har kendskab til og erfaring med anvendelsen af strukturerede og standardiserede test til vurdering af det lille barns udvikling, således at det er muligt tidligt at identificere børn med behov for særlig støtte, at iværksætte relevant støtte samt at vurdere effekten af den iværksatte støtte.
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Sharp, Meghan, and Sara B. DeMauro. "Counterbalanced Comparison of the BSID-II and Bayley-III at Eighteen to Twenty-two Months Corrected Age." Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics 38, no. 5 (2017): 322–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/dbp.0000000000000441.
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Cuevas, Isabel, Martina Valencia Narbona, Hanns De la Fuente, and Andrea González. "Desarrollo psicomotor de niños y niñas prematuros (as) por síndromes hipertensivos del embarazo y por otras causas." Retos 64 (January 13, 2025): 123–36. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v64.109703.
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Introducción: Los síndromes hipertensivos del embarazo (SHE) son una de las complicaciones más frecuentes y se asocian a retraso del crecimiento intrauterino, lo que podría provocar alteraciones del desarrollo psicomotor específicas y diferentes de otras causas de prematuridad. Objetivo: (i) comparar el desarrollo psicomotor de niños y niñas prematuros nacidos de madres con SHE y por otras causas (NO-SHE) y (ii) relacionar las características del nacimiento con el desarrollo psicomotor. Sujetos y método: 56 niños prematuros fueron divididos en 2 grupos: hijos (as) de madres SHE (n=28) y NO-SHE (n= 28). Se evaluaron sus características generales (peso al nacer, talla, perímetro cefálico, edad gestacional, tipo de parto). Un evaluador experto aplicó la Escala de Desarrollo Infantil Bayley, tercera edición (BSID III) para determinar el desarrollo psicomotor. Resultados: SHE presentaron menor peso al nacer (p=0,021), nacieron principalmente por cesárea (p=0,005) y presentaron más casos de enfermedad de membrana hialina (p=0,049). En BSID III, los hijos e hijas de madres SHE tienen puntuaciones más bajas en habilidades motoras finas (p=0,037) y comportamiento adaptativo (p=0,047). En SHE existe una relación directa y moderada entre la comunicación expresiva y el peso al nacer (r=0,411; p=0,030) y con el perímetro cefálico (r=0,392; p=0,039). Conclusión: SHE tiene efectos diferenciados en el desarrollo psicomotor de los niños y niñas prematuros, lo que se manifiesta en puntuaciones más bajas en el área de motricidad fina y conducta adaptativa. Además, un mayor peso y circunferencia craneana al nacer se asocian con mejores puntuaciones en comunicación expresiva en este grupo.
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Westera, J. J., B. A. Houtzager, B. Overdiek, and A. G. van Wassenaer. "Applying Dutch and US versions of the BSID-II in Dutch children born preterm leads to different outcomes." Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology 50, no. 6 (2008): 445–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8749.2008.02067.x.
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김진경 and 김문선. "Assessment of Children with Developmental Delay: Korean-Ages & Stages Questionnaires (K-ASQ) and Bayley Scales of Infant Development test II(BSID-II)." Journal of the korean child neurology society 18, no. 1 (2010): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.26815/jkcns.2010.18.1.49.
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Heisel, Annalena G. U., Markus F. Stevens, Marsh Königs, Faridi S. Jamaludin, Kristin Keunen, and Jorinde A. W. Polderman. "Effects of Anesthesia and Surgery on the Morphologic and Functional Development of the Premature Neonatal Brain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." Journal of Clinical Medicine 14, no. 3 (2025): 918. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14030918.
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Background: The percentage of preterm infants requiring surgery before 44 weeks of postmenstrual age (PMA) varies between 19% and 36%. The potential impact of general anesthesia on the vulnerable developing brain of preterm infants remains unknown. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis on the impact of general anesthesia on brain integrity and neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm infants undergoing surgery before 44 weeks PMA was conducted. Studies were identified via a PubMed, EMBASE (Ovid), and Cochrane CENTRAL search conducted from inception until 8 March 2023, following PRISMA guidelines. Brain abnormality was assessed using MRI-based brain volume and abnormality scores. Neurodevelopment was evaluated through Bayley Infant and Toddler Development (BSID) or Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI) tests. Quality was assessed via the Cochrane ROBINS-I tool and GRADE. Results: Our systematic search identified 2883 records, leading to the inclusion of 12 observational studies. Very low-quality evidence suggests that preterm infants exposed to anesthesia were more likely to show postoperative brain abnormalities on MRI (OR 2.01, 95%CI 1.24–3.25, p = 0.005). They had lower neurodevelopmental scores on the BSID II and III (psychomotor developmental index: mean difference (MD) −10.98; 95%CI −12.04 to −9.91; p < 0.001 and cognitive composite score: (MD) −10.11; 95%CI −11.06 to −9.16; p < 0.001 at two years of age compared to preterm infants not exposed to anesthesia. Conclusion: Exposure to surgery and anesthesia before term age is associated with brain abnormalities and neurodevelopmental delay at two years, but conclusions are limited by low evidence quality, uncontrolled confounders, and the methodological biases of the included studies; thus further robust studies are required (PROSPERO:CRD42021255907).
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Kim, Ji-Hoon, Mi-Sun Yum, Soo-Jin Jeong, and Tae-Sung Ko. "Assessment of children with developmental delay: Korean infant and child development test (KICDT) and Korean Bayley scale of infant development-II (K-BSID-II)." Korean Journal of Pediatrics 52, no. 7 (2009): 772. http://dx.doi.org/10.3345/kjp.2009.52.7.772.
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Connolly, Barbara H., Lauri Dalton, Jennifer Bengston Smith, Nichole Grice Lamberth, Brent McCay, and Will Murphy. "Concurrent Validity of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development II (BSID-II) Motor Scale and the Peabody Developmental Motor Scale II (PDMS-2) in 12-Month-Old Infants." Pediatric Physical Therapy 18, no. 3 (2006): 190–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.pep.0000226746.57895.57.
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Kable, Julie A., Pamela Schuetze, Claire D. Coles, Kathleen A. Platzman, and Tenbroeck Smith. "Effect of psychometric properties of the BSID-II on assessment outcomes in two high-risk samples (Drug exposed and low birthweight)." Infant Behavior and Development 19 (April 1996): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0163-6383(96)90107-1.
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Ammer, Luise Sophie, Karolin Täuber, Anna Perez, et al. "CNS Manifestations in Mucolipidosis Type II—A Retrospective Analysis of Longitudinal Data on Neurocognitive Development and Neuroimaging in Eleven Patients." Journal of Clinical Medicine 12, no. 12 (2023): 4114. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12124114.
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Mucolipidosis type II (MLII), an ultra-rare lysosomal storage disorder, manifests as a fatal multi-systemic disease. Mental inhibition and progressive neurodegeneration are commonly reported disease manifestations. Nevertheless, longitudinal data on neurocognitive testing and neuroimaging lack in current literature. This study aimed to provide details on central nervous system manifestations in MLII. All MLII patients with at least one standardized developmental assessment performed between 2005 and 2022 were included by retrospective chart review. A multiple mixed linear regression model was applied. Eleven patients with a median age of 34.0 months (range 1.6–159.6) underwent 32 neurocognitive and 28 adaptive behaviour assessments as well as 14 brain magnetic resonance imagings. The scales used were mainly BSID-III (42%) and VABS-II (47%). Neurocognitive testing (per patient: mean 2.9, standard deviation (SD) 2.0) performed over 0–52.1 months (median 12.1) revealed profound impairment with a mean developmental quotient of 36.7% (SD 20.4) at last assessment. The patients showed sustained development; on average, they gained 0.28 age-equivalent score points per month (confidence interval 0.17–0.38). Apart from common (63%) cervical spinal stenosis, neuroimaging revealed unspecific, non-progressive abnormalities (i.e., mild brain atrophy, white matter lesions). In summary, MLII is associated with profound developmental impairment, but not with neurodegeneration and neurocognitive decline.
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Cho, Yoonjin, Mark Forsberg, and Dawn Phillips. "Clinical and numerical presentation of neurocognitive assessments for MPS II patients using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development- version 3 (BSID-III)." Molecular Genetics and Metabolism 132, no. 2 (2021): S25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ymgme.2020.12.040.
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Sparano, Ausilia, Agnieszka Nieznanska, Daniela De Berardinis, Valentina Panetta, Rosa Ferri, and Rocco Agostino. "Preterm discharge effects: Relationship between the maternal experience and newborn's psychobiological regulation." Polish Psychological Bulletin 42, no. 2 (2011): 81–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10059-011-0012-z.
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Preterm discharge effects: Relationship between the maternal experience and newborn's psychobiological regulation The purpose of this study is to investigate how the past experiences of mothers and their potentially traumatic events during pregnancy may have influenced the processes of psychobiological self-regulation and cognitive development in a child born preterm. Eighty children who had a gestational age of < 32 weeks were examined at the 9th month of the corrected age. The mothers and children were divided in two groups: multipara mothers and their children and the primipara mothers and their children. These children were examined on the basis of sleep disorders, nutritional problems and mental development. Perinatal data from clinical observations and data from standardized developmental tests (BSID, II ed.) were used to describe the differences. The children of primipara mothers who had unexpected preterm delivery presented major incidences of sleep disorders while the children of primipara mothers, who programmed preterm delivery, presented a major incidences of nutrition problems. The predictability of preterm delivery has a major influence on the capacity of newborns for self-regulation in the case of primipara mothers.
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Lademann, Hanne, Anna Janning, Josephyn Müller, Luisa Neumann, Dirk Olbertz, and Jan Däbritz. "Risk Factors of Growth Retardation and Developmental Deficits in Very Preterm Infants in a German Tertiary Neonatal Unit." Children 8, no. 5 (2021): 394. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children8050394.
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Over the last two decades, improvements in perinatology have led to increased survival rates of preterm infants. A large number of studies and meta-analyses have investigated of preterm infants and/or the influence of developmental care. However, the combined influence of the most frequent risk factors and developmental care on the long-term somatic, motor, and cognitive outcome of preterm infants remains unclear. This retrospective, single-center cohort study includes 256 children treated in a tertiary neonatal intensive care unit in Rostock, Germany, between 2008 and 2013. Follow-up examinations (somatic, psychomotor, and mental development) were performed at (corrected) 24 months using Bayley Scales of Infant Development II (BSID-II). Developmental care was carried out according to the legal framework and national guidelines (physiotherapy and/or early education). Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and an exclusive formula feeding showed a 2.8–4.6-fold higher risk (95% Confidence Interval: Mental Developmental Index 1.73–7.58; Psychomotor Developmental Index 1.44–14.54; body length 1.20–6.41) for developmental deficits (mental and psychomotor developmental index; body length). Developmental care after discharge according to national guidelines did not prevent this. Since this is a retrospective pilot study, no recommendations can be made based on this analysis. Therefore, future research should evaluate whether standard developmental care should be extended by tailored measures depending on individual risk factors.
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Wirawan, Adi, Sunartini Sunartini, Bikin Suryawan, and Soetjiningsih Soetjiningsih. "Tumbuh Kembang Anak Hipotiroid Kongenital yang Diterapi dini dengan Levo-tiroksin dan Dosis Awal Tinggi." Sari Pediatri 15, no. 2 (2016): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.14238/sp15.2.2013.69-74.
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Latar belakang. Hipotiroid kongenital (HK) adalah penyebab disabilitas intelektual yang bisa dicegah dengan diagnosis dini diikuti dengan pemberian terapi pengganti levo-tiroksin (L-T4). Deteksi dini melalui skrining hipotiroid kongenital (SHK) belum menjadi program rutin pemerintah sehingga kasus HK belum banyak dapat dikelola secara tepat dan berkesinambungan. Tujuan.Mengetahuigambaran pencapaian tumbuh kembang anak dengan HK yang mendapat terapi dengan L-T4 pada usia balita. Metode.Penelitian studi kasus (case study). Pasien HK usia balita yang menjalani terapi LT4 di Poliklinik Endokrin Anak RS Sanglah, RSUD Wangaya Denpasar dan RSUD Karangasem sejak tahun 2006 berdasarkan catatan medik, dianalisis perjalanan penyakit dan terapinya. Dilakukan penilaian tumbuh kembang pada usia balita dengan skala mental dan motor dari Bayley II (BSID II), pertumbuhan dinilai parameter antropometrik berdasarkan WHO Anthro-2005, maturitas tulang dengan bone age. Hasil. Duabelas kasus dianalisis, terdiri dari 4 laki-laki dan 8 perempuan, usia diagnosis antara 3-18 bulan. Lima subyek dengan HK berat, 4 tidak berat, dan 3 disertai sindrom Down secara klinis. Saat diagnosis ditegakkan, rerata TSH awal adalah 130,73 (SB 194,89) uIU/mL dan rerata FT4 0,54 (SB 0,54) ng/dL, dan dengan rerata BBL 2862,50 (SB 487,16) gram. Lima kasus mendapatkan terapi dini dan 7 kasus dengan terapi tidak dini.Kesimpulan.Luaran indeks perkembangan psikomotor lebih baik pada HK permanen yang menggunakan dosis awal tinggi dibandingkan dosis standar. Luaran pertumbuhan mengalami perbaikan setelah pemberian terapi L-T4 berdasarkan parameter antropometri. Percepatan pertumbuhan pada usia balita akan tercapai apabila diterapi sejak dini.
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Heine, K., P. A. Pakuli, K. J. Vonnegut, D. Kasinski, R. Bulotsky, and Y. Driscoll. "CONCURRENT VALIDITY OF THE ALBERTA INFANT MOTOR SCALE (AIMS) AND THE BAYLEY SCALES OF INFANT DEVELOPMENT - SECOND EDITION (BSID-II) IN HIGH RISK INFANTS." Pediatric Physical Therapy 9, no. 4 (1997): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001577-199700940-00050.
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Shinina, T. V., I. G. Morozova, and T. L. Nguyen. "Formation of Independence in an Early Age Child: Cross-Cultural Aspects." Психологическая наука и образование 27, no. 3 (2022): 50–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/pse.2022270305.
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The article points out the need to record new childhood phenomena as well as to study the influence of parents and significant adults, their communication with the child in the process of interaction on the development of children’s independence in modern reality. Cross-cultural aspects of the formation of child independence in Russia and Vietnam are considered. Also presented are the main results of one assessment from the study on the dynamics of the formation of child independence at the age of 2 years in the process of interaction with the subject and in communication with an adult. Forty-three dyads (mother and child) from Russia and Vietnam took part in the study. The purpose of the study was as follows: to determine the stage of child independence formation by the age of 2 in the process of interaction with the subject and in communication with an adult; to determine the level of social, emotional and adaptive development of children in Russia and Vietnam. The methodological basis of the study is the approach of M.I. Lisina. The study of the child’s communicative signals was carried out in the process of a fifteen-minute parent-child interaction (spontaneous play) using video recording, followed by analysis in the program “The Observer XT-16”. Research methods: 1) assessment of child-parent interaction on the scale “Communicative signals of the child” of the technique “Evaluation of child-parent interaction” [ECPI-II]; 2) assessment of the social and emotional development of the child was carried out according to the Bayley Development Scales-III (BSID-III). The results showed that the level of independence in children from the Russian sample is generally higher than that from the Vietnamese sample. Statistically significant differences were revealed on the scales: “Functions of the pre-learning period” and “Self-care” of the Bailey scale (BSID-III). Children from the Russian sample are in the middle of transition between the second and third stages of the dynamics of child independence development in the process of interaction with the subject and the adult, whereas children from the Vietnamese sample demonstrated a more pronounced repertoire of indicators related to stage 2. Also, in the Russian sample the duration of manifestation of the following indicators significantly dominates: “Sensitivity to the influence of an adult ‘+’” and “Sensitivity to the influence of an adult ‘-’”.
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Gustawan, I. Wayan, Soetjiningsih Soetjiningsih, and Soeroyo Machfudz. "Validity of parents’ evaluation of developmental status (PEDS) in detecting developmental disorders in 3-12 month old infants." Paediatrica Indonesiana 50, no. 1 (2016): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.14238/pi50.1.2010.6-10.
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Background Early detection of development disorder is an effort to recognize disorders in every developmental stage. Parents’ concern can be helpful in identifying children in need of assessment and can be used as a prescreening test to reduce the number of children who require formal screening.Objective To examine diagnostic value of parents’ evaluation of developmental status (PEDS) instrument in order to determine developmental disorders in infant.Methods One hundred and seventy infants, 3-12 months old who visited Pediatric Outpatient Clinic were recruited. The parents filled in the PEDS questionnaire and the results were compared with those of Bayley Scales of Infant Development Second Edition (BSID-II) as a gold standard. The diagnostic properties of PEDS were then calculated.Results PEDS showed a sensitivity of 83.9% (95% CI 67.8 to 93.8), a specificity of 81.3% (95% CI 74.2 to 87.1), a positive predictive value of 50.0% (95% CI 40.6 to 59.4), a negative predictive value of 95.8% (95% CI 91.2 to 98.0), a likelihood ratio positive of 4.5 (95% CI 3.1 to 6.6), a likelihood ratio negative of 0.2 (95% CI 0.1 to 0.4), a pre-test probability of 18.2% and a post-test probability of 49.9% (95% CI 40.6 to 59.3).Conclusion PEDS can be used as an initial screening test to detect developmental disorders in 3-12 month infants. [Paediatr Indones. 2010;50:6-10].
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Chang, Wen-Hao, Nai-Wen Guo, Ching-Hua Shen, Shih-Wen Lee, and Yu-Hsuan Chien. "10 Meta-Attention Predict the Cognitive and Emotional Executive Function at School-aged Children. —Longitudinal Study of Very Low Birth Weight Preterm Children with Normal Early Development." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 29, s1 (2023): 620–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617723007853.
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Objective:Previous studies had shown that very low birth weight(VLBW) preterm children with normal early development had poorer cognitive executive functions(CEFs) and emotional executive functions(EEFs) at preschool-aged. There were still about 73% of children with deficits of CEFs and 74% of them with deficits of EEFs at school-aged. (Ni et al., 2011; Chiang et al., 2019; Lee et al., 2022). Besides, former studies less discuss the core neuropsychological ability related to the EFs development. In this study, meta-attention was chosen as the core ability. This study applied longitudinal design aimed to discuss the predictive power of meta-attention at preschool-aged on the CEFs and EEFs at school-aged for VLBW preterm and typically developing children.Participants and Methods:The VLBW group was referred by Premature Baby Foundation of Taiwan. These children have been followed up with Bayley Scales of Infant Development(BSID) II or III administered at the age of 12 months and 24 months and Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence-Revised(WPPSI-R) at the age of 5-year-old. Children with visual impairment, auditory impairment, cerebral palsy developmental indices of BSID-II or III less than 70, or full-scale IQ of WPPSI-R less than 70 were excluded.The typical group was recruited from the community and included 30 children whose development was typical. Both preterm and typically developing children completed the CEFs and EEFs test at 6 and 8. Four types of CEFs including 33 indicators were assessed: Meta-attention including 18 indicators through Comprehensive Nonverbal Attention Test Battery(CNAT), working memory including 2 indicators through Digit Span Subtest of Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-IV(WISC-IV) and Knox’s Cube Test(KCT), planning ability including 6 indicators through Tower of London(ToL), and cognitive flexibility including 7 indicators through Wisconsin Card Sorting Test(WCST).Two types of EEFs including 5 indicators were assessed. We designed Emotional EF Ecological Assessment Battery for Children in Taiwan to assess EEFs, including 3 indicators of theory of mind and 2 indicators of emotion regulation. Data were analyzed with correlation analysis and independent sample t-test.Results:Meta-attention at 6 among the VLBW group significantly correlated with 73.3% of CEFs and 80% of EEFs indicators at 8 and had significant predictive power on working memory, planning ability, cognitive flexibility, emotion regulation, and theory of mind. (p<.05) When the significance level was 0.01, meta-attention still correlated with 33% of CEFs and 80% of EEFs indicators and can predict those CEFs and EEFs among the VLBW group. Meta-attention at 6 among the typical group significantly correlated with 26.7% of CEFs and 80% of EEFs indicators at 8 and had significant predictive power on working memory, planning ability, emotion regulation, and theory of mind. (p<.05)When the significance level was 0.01, meta-attention only correlated with 80% of EEFs indicators and can’t predict any CEFs and EEFs among the typical group.Conclusions:Meta-attention at 6 can predict CEFs and EEFs among VLBW preterm children at 8, while the effect didn’t be found among typically developing children. Thus, meta-attention can be served as a clinical cut-point for VLBW preterm children to find the deficits and intervene early.
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Noor, Zulkhah, Bambang Edi Susyanto, Anindhita Mega Praningwestri, Aspar Rafiq, Fajar Avivul Havis, and Sri Kadarsih Soejono. "Thyroid Status, Growth And Development Of Children Under 2 Years Of Age In Endemic Goiter Areas Of Srumbung Magelang." MAGNA MEDICA: Berkala Ilmiah Kedokteran dan Kesehatan 6, no. 1 (2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.26714/magnamed.6.1.2019.1-18.
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Objective. To examine the relationship of Iodine urine, TSH and free T4 levels with the growth and development of children under 2 years of age in endemic areas of IDD in Srumbung District, Magelang Subjects and methods. Respondents of this study were 43 respondents mother and herchild under 2 years of age who are still breastfeeding. The study was conducted in March until June 2013. The method used was observational and cross-sectional data retrieved. Mother urine iodine levels were measured in the laboratory GAKI Borobudur Magelang Indonesia. Levels of serum TSH and free T4 were measured by ELISA in the Clinical Laboratory AMC Yogyakarta with TSH ELISA reagents AIM and AIM fT4 ELISA TESTTEST (PT Intan Accurate Madya). Physical growth include weight, height, head circumference, and upper arm circumference. Weight measured in kilograms (kg), followed by calculation of BMI. Upper arm circumference were measured using standard Wolanski. Child development assessment performed using DDST-II (Denver Development Screening Test II). Data were analyzed with the Pearson correlation test for normal data and Spearman correlation for the data is not normal.Result. Ngargosoko Srumbung Magelang currently have adequate iodine intake with a median urinary iodine concentration of 296 ug / dL, mean blood levels of TSH and fT4 respectively is 1.7187 μIU / mL and 0.8545 ng / dL. But still obtained at 50.84% of respondents hypothyroidism.Conclutions. Free thyroxine blood levels determine body weight, body length and arm circumference, but did not determine the amount of head circumference, body mass index, the development of gross motor, fine motor, language and personal social. Child development needs to be measured with a measuring device better example with the BayleyScale of Infant Development (BSID).Key words. Thyroid status, growth and development, under 2 years old, IDD endemic
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K., Basavaraj, Sireesha S., and Suresh J. "Effect of a parent-provided early intervention program on infant health and development: a randomized controlled trial." International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 5, no. 3 (2018): 695. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20180965.
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Background: Early Intervention Program (EIP) is a unique way of providing ideal stimulation, education and care for children. EIP are designed to provide detection, treatment, prevention of handicaps, developmental delays, and environmental deprivation as early in a child's life as possible. Objective of present study were to assess the effect of parent-provided EIP on infant cognitive, psychomotor and socio- emotional behaviors at the completion of age 12 months and to evaluate whether these effects were moderated by the infant feeding practices, general health status and socio-demographic characters.Methods: The present study was randomized controlled trial conducted at villages under Vantamuri PHC area attached to J.N Medical College, Belgaum during the period May 2012 to August 2013, with a sample size of 64, full term, normal babies and weighing ≥2.5 kg. At the end of 12 months, babies were assessed by an independent evaluator using BSID-II and ASQ/SE questionnaire.Results: In the present study the mental index (MDI) scores were higher in intervention group than control group (106.63 Vs 94.45, P=0.0001). Problem solving skills were higher in intervention group compared to control group (21.33 Vs 11.56, P=0.000). Person social skills were higher for intervention compared to control (27.66 Vs 22.34, P=0.001). Children with fewer episodes of diarrhea and acute respiratory infections showed better performance.Conclusions: Early Intervention Program effectively increases the cognitive, person social, problem solving and socio-emotional skills at 12 months of age.
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Perdek, Janice, Jill Lucas, Joseph Cattelona, and Debra Clayton-Krasinski. "Concurrent Validity of the Alberta Infant Motor Scale (Aims) and the Bayley Scales of Infant Development - Second Edition (BSID II) Motor Scale on a Sample of High Risk Infants." Pediatric Physical Therapy 8, no. 4 (1996): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001577-199608040-00024.
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Iqbal, Md Javed, Md Mizanur Rahman, and Shaheen Akhter. "Effect of Developmental Therapy on the Psychomotor Development in Preterm Infant." Bangladesh Journal of Child Health 40, no. 3 (2017): 149–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjch.v40i3.33055.
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Background: Preterm brain is prone to hypoxia and other insults that result in psychomotor delay. Early intervention in the form of developmental therapy in preterm babies reduces the subsequent psychomotor delay. A study was conducted to evaluate the psychomotor developmental outcome of preterm infant who got developmental therapy.Objective: To evaluate the psychomotor developmental outcome of preterm infant who will be getting developmental therapy.Methods: It was a quasi experimental study (single group pretest/post test design). It was carried out among the preterm babies who attended within 6-12 weeks of age for developmental assessment at the Centre for Neuro Development & Autism in Children (CNAC) Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) during the period of July 2010 to September 2011. Forty five preterm infants were assessed for their motor, mental & behavior score by Bayley Scale of Infant Development II, (BSID) (1993) Bengali version). All of them got Developmental therapy regularly as per demonstration in both home and Hospital. Their base line assessment was done at 6-12 weeks of age and reassessed at 3 months and 6 months after developmental therapy.Results: Thirty seven (82.2%) infants have completed the two follow up session. At 6 months of developmental therapy 54.1% had motor skill improvement, 40.5% had mental skill improvement and 48.6% had behavior skill improvement. Socio economic status and illness in neonatal period had some influence on developmental out come.Conclusion: Developmental Therapy improved the psychomotor development in preterm infant.Bangladesh J Child Health 2016; VOL 40 (3) :149-153
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Eerdekens, An, Gunnar Naulaers, Els Ortibus, Johan Verhaeghe, Lies Langouche, and Christine Vanhole. "Evolution of circulating thyroid hormone levels in preterm infants during the first week of life: perinatal influences and impact on neurodevelopment." Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism 32, no. 6 (2019): 597–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jpem-2018-0537.
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Abstract Background For several decades, transient hypothyroxinemia of prematurity (THOP) has been a topic of debate. The pathophysiology is incompletely understood and consensus on the therapeutic approach is lacking. This study aimed at gaining a better insight into the pathogenesis by studying the trends in thyroid hormone (TH) levels during the first week of life. Methods This single-center prospective observational study analyzed the plasma levels of total thyroxine (T4) and free thyroxine (fT4), total triiodothyronine (T3), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and T4-binding globulin (TBG) in cord blood and at the end of the first week of life in 120 preterm infants (gestational age [GA] <37 weeks). The change over time was calculated (delta, ∆). The impact of perinatal and subsequently postnatal variables on ∆ was studied by hierarchical multiple regression. The impact of ∆ on the neurodevelopmental outcome at the corrected ages of 9 and 24 months, measured by the Bayley Scales of Infant Development (BSID)-II, was assessed by logistic regression. Results ∆fT4 levels were negatively affected by GA and use of dopamine, whereas only GA was associated with low ∆T3 levels. Negative ∆fT4 levels were present in 75% of the extremely low-for-gestational-age infants, whereas 23.5% had a negative ∆T3 level. There was an increased risk for an abnormal mental developmental score (<85) with decreasing ∆T3 at 9 months, corrected age, but not at 24 months. Conclusions A negative evolution in circulating TH levels is principally an immaturity phenomenon, whereas dopamine can further suppress the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis. There is at least a temporary negative effect of this evolution on the infants’ neurodevelopment.
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Van Hus, Janeline W. P., Martine Jeukens-Visser, Karen Koldewijn, et al. "Comparing Two Motor Assessment Tools to Evaluate Neurobehavioral Intervention Effects in Infants With Very Low Birth Weight at 1 Year." Physical Therapy 93, no. 11 (2013): 1475–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20120460.
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Background Infants with very low birth weight (VLBW) are at increased risk for motor deficits, which may be reduced by early intervention programs. For detection of motor deficits and to monitor intervention, different assessment tools are available. It is important to choose tools that are sensitive to evaluate the efficacy of intervention on motor outcome. Objective The purpose of this study was to compare the Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) and the Psychomotor Developmental Index (PDI) of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development–Dutch Second Edition (BSID-II-NL) in their ability to evaluate effects of an early intervention, provided by pediatric physical therapists, on motor development in infants with VLBW at 12 months corrected age (CA). Design This was a secondary study in which data collected from a randomized controlled trial (RCT) were used. Methods At 12 months CA, 116 of 176 infants with VLBW participating in an RCT on the effect of the Infant Behavioral Assessment and Intervention Program were assessed with both the AIMS and the PDI. Intervention effects on the AIMS and PDI were compared. Results Corrected for baseline differences, significant intervention effects were found for AIMS and PDI scores. The highest effect size was for the AIMS subscale sit. A significant reduction of abnormal motor development in the intervention group was found only with the AIMS. Limitations No Dutch norms are available for the AIMS. Conclusions The responsiveness of the AIMS to detect intervention effects was better than that of the PDI. Therefore, caution is recommended in monitoring infants with VLBW only with the PDI, and the use of both the AIMS and the Bayley Scales of Infant Development is advised when evaluating intervention effects on motor development at 12 months CA.
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Hasan, Mohammed Imrul, Sheikh Jamal Hossain, Sabine Braat, et al. "Benefits and risks of Iron interventions in children (BRISC): protocol for a three-arm parallel-group randomised controlled field trial in Bangladesh." BMJ Open 7, no. 11 (2017): e018325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018325.
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IntroductionAnaemia is a major global health problem affecting about 43% of preschool children globally and 60% of 6–24-month-old children in rural Bangladesh, half of which is attributed to iron deficiency (ID). Although WHO recommends universal supplementation with iron or home fortification with iron-containing multiple micronutrient powders (MMPs) to children under 2 years, evidence for benefits of these interventions on childhood development (a key rationale for these interventions) and harms (especially infection) remains limited. This study aims to evaluate the impact of iron or MMPs supplementation compared with placebo on (a) children’s development, (b) growth, (c) morbidity from infections and (d) haematological and iron indices.Methods and analysisThis study is a three-arm, blinded, double-dummy, parallel-group, placebo-controlled superiority trial using stratified individual block randomisation. The trial will randomise 3300 children aged 8–9 months equally to arm 1: iron syrup (12.5 mg elemental iron), placebo MMPs; arm 2: MMPs (including 12.5 mg elemental iron), placebo syrup; and arm 3: placebo syrup, placebo MNPs. Children will receive interventions for 3 months based on WHO recommendations and then be followed up for 9 months post intervention. The primary outcome is cognitive composite score measured by Bayley III. Secondary outcomes include motor and language composite score by Bayley III, behaviour rating using selected items from Wolke’s rating scales and BSID-II behaviour ratings, temperament, growth, haemoglobin, anaemia and iron status, and infectious morbidity. Outcomes will be measured at baseline, at the end of 3-month intervention and after 9 months postintervention follow-up.Ethics and disseminationThe trial has been approved by the Ethical Review Committee of icddr,b (Dhaka, Bangladesh) and the Melbourne Health Human Research Ethics Committee (Melbourne, Australia). Results of the study will be disseminated through scientific publications, presentations at international meetings and policy briefs to key stakeholders.Trial registration numberACTRN12617000660381;Pre-results.WHO Universal Trial NumberU1111-1196-1125.
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Park, Joonsik, Jungho Han, In Gyu Song, et al. "Development and Validation of an MRI-Based Brain Volumetry Model Predicting Poor Psychomotor Outcomes in Preterm Neonates." Journal of Clinical Medicine 14, no. 6 (2025): 1996. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14061996.
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Background/Objectives: Infant FreeSurfer was introduced to address robust quantification and segmentation in the infant brain. The purpose of this study is to develop a new model for predicting the long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes of very low birth weight preterm infants using automated volumetry extracted from term-equivalent age (TEA) brain MRIs, diffusion tensor imaging, and clinical information. Methods: Preterm infants hospitalized at Severance Children’s Hospital, born between January 2012 and December 2019, were consecutively enrolled. Inclusion criteria included infants with birth weights under 1500 g who underwent both TEA MRI and Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Second Edition (BSID-II), assessments at 18–24 months of corrected age (CA). Brain volumetric information was derived from Infant FreeSurfer using 3D T1WI of TEA MRI. Mean and standard deviation of fractional anisotropy of posterior limb of internal capsules were measured. Demographic information and comorbidities were used as clinical information. Study cohorts were split into training and test sets with a 7:3 ratio. Random forest and logistic regression models were developed to predict low Psychomotor Development Index (PDI < 85) and low Mental Development Index (MDI < 85), respectively. Performance metrics, including the area under the receiver operating curve (AUROC), accuracy, sensitivity, precision, and F1 score, were evaluated in the test set. Results: A total of 150 patient data were analyzed. For predicting low PDI, the random forest classifier was employed. The AUROC values for models using clinical variables, MR volumetry, and both clinical variables and MR volumetry were 0.8435, 0.7281, and 0.9297, respectively. To predict low MDI, a logistic regression model was chosen. The AUROC values for models using clinical variables, MR volumetry, and both clinical variables and MR volumetry were 0.7483, 0.7052, and 0.7755, respectively. The model incorporating both clinical variables and MR volumetry exhibited the highest AUROC values for both PDI and MDI prediction. Conclusions: This study presents a promising new prediction model utilizing an automated volumetry algorithm to distinguish long-term psychomotor developmental outcomes in preterm infants. Further research and validation are required for its clinical application.