Academic literature on the topic 'BT (barium titanate/ BaTiO3)'

Compósitos cerâmicos planares de titanato zirconato de bário, BaTi1-xZrxO3, foram produzidos e os efeitos da quantidade de Zr4+ em suas propriedades funcionais foram estudados. As amostras foram fabricadas pelo método convencional de processamento cerâmico e pela técnica de deposição de fitas cerâmicas a partir de BaTi1-xZrxO3 com x=0, 0,05, 0,1, 0,15 e 0,2 sintetizados pelo método hidrotermal e pelo método dos precursores poliméricos. Foram realizadas caracterizações estrutural (difração de Raios X pelo método do pó e espectroscopia Raman), composicional (espectroscopia por dispersão de energia), microestrutural (microscopia eletrônica de varredura, ensaios de dilatometria) e funcional (permissividade elétrica, coeficiente piezoelétrico d33, coeficiente piroelétrico e histerese ferroelétrica). Além disso, a regra da mistura de fase foi utilizada para prever a permissividade elétrica dos compósitos e as tensões mecânicas internas e seus efeitos na permissividade elétrica e na temperatura de Curie de policristais de BaTiO3 foram simulados. As análises dos dados e as discussões foram realizadas considerando o modelo fenomenológico de Devonshire, a modificação de Forsbergh deste modelo para incluir efeitos de tensões mecânicas bidimensionais e o modelo de policristal tetragonal de BaTiO3 sugerido por Buessem. Os resultados mostram a existência de tensões residuais bidimensionais que surgem após o resfriamento dos compósitos devido às diferenças nos coeficientes de expansão térmica das fases constituintes. Os métodos de obtenção das amostras afetaram o tamanho final dos grãos e as espessuras das interfaces dos compósitos, sendo que, em geral, eles são menores e mais finos nas fitas cerâmicas homogêneas do que nas correspondentes cerâmicas homogêneas. Os compósitos apresentaram deslocamento da Tc para maiores temperaturas e aumento do grau de difusividade da transição. A presença das tensões mecânicas residuais e as características microestruturais, juntamente com os modelos utilizados, explicam qualitativamente a permissividade elétrica obtida. Concluí-se que a quantidade de Zr4+ modifica o comportamento das camadas durante a sinterização e altera o coeficiente de dilatação. Estas mudanças geram tensões mecânicas residuais que afetam a microestrutura e as propriedades funcionais dos compósitos. Portanto, a produção de compósitos cerâmicos ferroelétricos deve considerar a correlação existente entre microestrutura e tensões residuais para que suas propriedades sejam otimizadas.<br>Planar BaTi1-xZrxO3 ceramic composites had their functional properties investigated. These composites were obtained by the conventional ceramic processing technique and by tape casting technique. Furthermore, BaTi1-xZrxO3 x=0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15 and 0.2 were synthesized by the polymeric precursors method and by the hydrothermal synthesis to study the synthesis influences and to study the effect of Zr4+ on the functional properties of the composites. Structural characterization (X-Ray powder diffraction and Raman spectroscopy), compositional analysis (energy dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy), microestrutural evaluation (scanning electron microscopy, dilatometry measurements) and functional properties characterization (electrical permittivity, piezoelectric coefficient d33, pyroelectric coefficient and ferroelectric hysteresis) were performed. Furthermore, the composites electrical permittivity was predicted by the simple mixture and the internal mechanical stress distribution and it´s effects on both, electrical permittivity and Curie´s temperature (Tc) of BaTiO3 polycrystals, were simulated. The analyses and discussions were supported by 1- Devonshire´s phenomenological theory, 2- Forsbergh´s modification to Devonshire´s theory to include the two-dimensional stress effects on Tc and 3- Buessem´s BaTiO3 tetragonal polycrystal model. The results show that the sintered composites present two-dimensional residual stresses after cooling due to the constrained sintering of the layers and their thermal expansion coefficient mismatch. The methods of sample preparation led to differences in grain size and interface thickness, with the homogeneous ceramic tapes presenting smaller grain sizes and thinner thickness than the conventional homogeneous ceramics. On the other hand, the composites showed a Tc shift to higher temperatures, a more diffuse phase transition and residual mechanical stresses. Concluding, the Zr4+ substitution of Ti4+ modifies the layer´s sintering behavior and their thermal expansion coefficient. These changes lead to microstructure modifications that affect the functional properties of planar BaTi1-xZrxO3 composites. Thus, the design of ferroelectric composites should take into consideration the correlations between microstructure and residual stresses in order to optimize their functional properties.

BaTiO3 es un material de óxido ferroeléctrico sin plomo. BaTiO3 películas delgadas han sido ampliamente estudiados para aplicaciones de memoria debido a su efecto de memoria de carga resultante de su naturaleza ferroeléctrica. Hoy en día, la comunidad científica ha renovado su interés en BaTiO3, ya que posee características que son interesantes para áreas de rápido desarrollo como la fotovoltaica, la detección fotoeléctrica y la fotocatálisis. El objetivo principal de la presente tesis es estudiar los efectos fotoeléctricos de las películas delgadas BaTiO3 y dar luz sobre los mecanismos relevantes que las controlan. Los materiales ferroeléctricos muestran campos eléctricos internos intrínsecos, inevitables y exclusivos: campo eléctrico de impresión (Eimp) y campo eléctrico de despolarización (Edep). Así se pueden obtener distintos efectos fotoeléctricos debido a Eimp y Edep. En la presente tesis hemos estudiado en detalle el papel de Eimp y Edep en los efectos fotoeléctricos de películas BaTiO3. En particular, se muestra que se puede usar una configuración de medición apropiada para revelar y aislar su contribución. Como resultado, pueden obtenerse diferentes foto respuestas transitorias y constantes según se desee. De igual modo, se analiza su contribución a la dinámica de conmutación ferroeléctrica. La foto respuesta transitorio tiene su origen en el cribado de la carga superficial (fotograbado). Para modular su magnitud se ha realizado una caracterización detallada. Se concluye que la polarización de las fotos se rige por la presencia de agua adsorbida en la superficie, lo que permite su control. Sin embargo, se ha encontrado que la eficiencia fotoeléctrica está limitada por la baja generación de portadores por la luz, por lo que el efecto de O sustituido por N en la red BaTiO3, lo que debería dar lugar a un estrechamiento de banda, mejorando así la eficiencia fotoeléctrica , ha sido estudiado. Curiosamente, se encuentra que los tratamientos de amoníaco son eficientes para mejorar las respuestas fotoeléctricas, sin tener ninguna evidencia clara de la sustitución de N.<br>BaTiO3 is a lead-free ferroelectric oxide material. BaTiO3 thin films have been widely studied for memory applications due to its charge memory effect resulting from its ferroelectric nature. Nowadays, the scientific community has renewed its interest on BaTiO3, because it holds characteristics that is interesting for rapidly developing areas such as photovoltaics, photoelectric sensing and photocatalysis. The main goal of the present thesis is to study the photoelectric effects on BaTiO3 thin films and to give light on the relevant mechanisms that control them. Ferroelectric materials show intrinsic, unavoidable and exclusive internal electric fields: imprint electric field (Eimp) and depolarization electric field (Edep). Thus distinct photoelectric effects can be obtained due to Eimp and Edep. In the present thesis we have studied in detail the role of Eimp and Edep on photoelectric effects of BaTiO3 films. In particular, it is shown that appropriate measurement configuration can be used to disclose and isolate their contribution. As a result, different transient and constant photoresponses can be obtained as wish. By the same token, their contribution to the ferroelectric switching dynamics are also analyzed. The transient photoresponse finds its origin on the screening of surface charge (photoscreening). In order to modulate its magnitude detailed characterization has been performed. It is concluded that the polarization photoscreening is governed by the presence of water adsorbed at the surface, allowing it to be controlled. However, the photoelectric efficiency has been found to be limited by the low generation of carriers by light, that is the reason why the effect of O substituted by N in BaTiO3 lattice, which should result in band-gap narrowing, hence improving the photoelectric efficiency, has been studied. Interestingly, it is found that ammonia treatments are efficient to improve photoelectric responses, without having any clear evidence of N substitution.

Conforme pesquisas realizadas na literatura, o estudo do Titanato de Bário (BTO) na dosimetria é inédito, este material foi escolhido porque exibe propriedades luminescentes, demonstradas em experimentos de medidas de espectros de emissão. Para a confecção do BTO fez-se o uso da técnica química Sol-Gel, foi produzido amostras de BTO Puro, BTO dopado e co-dopado com diversas terras-raras. Todas as amostras produzidas sofreram calcinações com temperaturas definidas em 800, 1000 e 1200°C. As dopagens foram realizadas com os seguintes elementos terras-raras: Nd, Tb, Eu, Yb, Er, Pr, e as amostras co-dopadas foram com Tb/Eu e Yb/Er; no total foram confeccionadas trinta e uma amostras. No estudo de redução de massa foi constatada uma redução de metade das massas das amostras durante o processo de calcinação. Nas análises de Termoluminescência (TL) pelo menos uns dos tipos de calcinações apresentaram picos TL, com exceção das amostras co-dopadas com Tb/Eu. As amostras dopadas com Eu e Tb se destacaram nas análises das respostas termoluminescentes. A amostra com Tb e calcinada a 1200°C forneceu pico TL entre 90 a 200°C, e a dopada com Eu (1mol%) e calcinado a 1000°C apresentou picos TL em 110°C e 370°C. A mínima dose detectável para o pico de 110°C foi de 119 mGy e para o pico de 370°C foi de 143 mGy. As análises de MEV mostraram que as micrografias das amostras de BTO dopado tanto com Tb, quanto com Eu apresentaram superfícies porosas, diferentemente das Puras, que apresentaram superfície mais lisa. As análises de DRX indicaram uma fase tetragonal para as amostras Pura e dopadas com Eu (1 mol%), ambas calcinadas a 1000°C.<br>According to the literature, the study of Barium Titanate (BTO) for dosimetry is unpublished yet, this material was chosen because it exhibits luminescent properties, demonstrated in emission spectra experiments. To make the BTO samples the chemical sol-gel technique was used. Samples of BTO Pure, doped and co-doped with different rare earths were made. All produced samples were calcinated with temperatures at 800, 1000 and 1200°C. The doping was performed with the following rare earths: Nd, Tb, Eu, Yb, Er, Pr, and some samples were co-doped with Tb / Eu and Yb / Er; in total were made thirty-one samples. In the study of weight reduction, a reduction, by half of the mass of raw material, was observed during the calcination process. In the TL analysis, at least one of the types (temperature) of calcinations provides TL peaks formation, except for the samples co-doped with Tb / Eu. The BTO: Eu and Tb provided the best TL response. The BTO: Tb and calcined at 1200°C showed TL peak at 90 to 200°C and the one doped with Eu (1mol%) and calcined at 1000°C supplied peaks at 110°C and 370°C. The minimum detectable dose to the TL peak at 110°C was 119 mGy and for TL peak at 370°C was 143 mGy. SEM analyzes showed that the micrographs of BTO samples doped with both Tb and Eu supplied porous surfaces, unlike the pure sample, that showed smoother surface. XRD analyzes indicated a tetragonal phase to pure sample and the one doped with Eu (1 mol%), both calcined at 1000°C.

BaTiO3 thin films have been prepared by inkjet depositing of ceramic inks based on barium titanate nanopowder. Formulated inks had good sedimentation stability. The most significant stabilization of the pigment was observed for samples formulated on ethyl and n-butyl alcohols. All prepared inks had dilatant flow with a pronounced minimum viscosity of Newtonian flow. The printing operation was performed using thermal drop-on-demand inkjet printer. Printed films had dense structure and considerable adhesion to the substrate surface. Optical profilometry of the three layer film showed thickness about 400 nm. Due to strong adhesion printed coatings have not separated from the substrate surface. Special method of forming an intermediate polymer film on the substrate surface has been used to separate printed patterns. Aggres-sively dissolving of an intermediate polymer film has been observed during printing on this intermediate layer. After printing of each subsequent layer substrate thickness has been reduced on average 200 nm and took place rising of surface roughness. However, printed layer has been removed from the substrate surface. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/35225

Les couches minces dérivées du matériau ferroélectrique BaTiO3 présentent un grand intérêt en vue de l'élaboration de composants intégrés pour la microélectronique et les télécommunications. Ainsi, des films de Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 (BST) possèdent une forte permittivité dont la valeur peut être modulée sous champ électrique, ce qui permet d'envisager leur utilisation dans des condensateurs aux propriétés ajustables. Cependant, le principal frein à leur intégration est l'importance de leurs pertes diélectriques. Des couches de BST déposées par pulvérisation magnétron radiofréquence ont été caractérisées d'un point de vue structural, chimique et diélectrique afin d'établir une référence. De nouvelles compositions exemptes de plomb, comme le BTZ (BaTi1-xZrxO3) et le BST substitué avec de l'étain, ont été synthétisées en vue d'abaisser les pertes. Des mesures diélectriques en température ont mis en évidence le caractère relaxeur des couches minces de BTZ riches en zirconium, et la copulvérisation a permis d'étudier l'ensemble de la solution solide BaTiO3-BaZrO3. Enfin, un nouveau type d'hétérostructures alliant le BST à une barrière diélectrique de SiO2 a permis d'atteindre des pertes très inférieures à 0.5% tout en conservant une permittivité et une accordabilité satisfaisantes.

À la surface ou à l’interface d’un matériau ferroélectrique, la polarisation peut être déstabilisée voire même annulée par le champ dépolarisation qui résulte de charges de polarisation non compensées. En l’absence de mécanismes d’écrantage extrinsèques (adsorbats, électrodes) ou intrinsèques (défauts, dopants), l’ordonnancement en domaines est le moyen le plus naturel dont un système a recourt pour rester ferroélectrique et minimiser son énergie électrostatique. Cette thèse se concentre sur l’étude de la stabilité de multiples configurations en domaines, ainsi que de la façon dont elle dépend de facteurs géométriques, chimiques et élastiques, à la surface du BaTiO3(001).Des calculs ab initio, fondés sur la théorie de la fonctionnelle de la densité, ont été menés pour éclaircir l’influence de la terminaison de surface, de la contrainte parallèle à la surface, de l’épaisseur du système et de la taille des domaines sur la polarisation de différentes phases ferroélectriques dans des couches ultraminces. L’effet de lacunes d’oxygène en surface sur la polarisation et sur la structure électronique a aussi été étudié. La microscopie d’électrons lents (LEEM) et la microscopie d’électrons photoémis (PEEM) ont été utilisées pour étudier les propriétés de la polarisation à la surface de monocristaux de BaTiO3 réduit, afin d’examiner l’influence des lacunes d’oxygène sur la polarisation ferroélectrique par une approche expérimentale, renforçant ainsi les résultats de calculs<br>At a surface or interface of a ferroelectric material, the polarization can be destabilized and even suppressed by the depolarizing field which arises from uncompensated polarization charge. In the absence of external (adsorbates, electrodes) or internal (defects, dopants) screening mechanisms, domain ordering is the most natural way for a system to remain ferroelectric and minimize its electrostatic energy. This thesis focuses on the study of the stability of various possible domain configurations, and on how it depends and interplays on size, chemical and elastic factors, at the (001) surface of BaTiO3.First-principles calculations, based on density functional theory, have been performed to enlighten the influence of surface terminations, in-plane strain, system thickness and domain size in ultrathin films on the polarization in different ferroelectric phases. The effect of surface oxygen vacancies on the polarization and electronic structure has also been investigated. Low Energy electron microscopy (LEEM) and photoemission electron microscopy (PEEM) have been used to study the surface properties of ferroelectric polarization in reduced BaTiO3 single crystals, allowing to address the influence of oxygen vacancies on the ferroelectric polarization from experimental approaches, supporting the calculations results

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-21T20:42:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GUILHERME BACCI.pdf: 2882047 bytes, checksum: 2bf1ae6f64200191aa823e1e72f2a368 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-11-28<br>Over the years, BaTiO3 has been used in a wide variety of crystal types applications, ceramic structures, multilayer and thin films. Lately, the utilities techniques to obtain BaTiO3 are so diversified and was cited in several works. The picked method for the synthesis of BaTiO3 in this work was the non conventional method called freeze drying, which consist to obtain powders in low temperature. Nanoparticulated powders was produced with pure phase at 973K and characterized as positive temperature coefficient (PTC).<br>Ao longo dos anos, BaTiO3 tem sido usado numa ampla variedade de aplicações na forma de vários tipos de cristais, estruturas cerâmicas, multicamadas e filmes finos. Recentemente, as técnicas utilizadas pra obtenção do BaTiO3 são muito diversas e foram mencionadas em vários trabalhos. O método selecionado para síntese do BaTiO3 neste trabalho foi o método não convencional chamado liofilização que, são pós obtidos na desidratação dos pós a baixas temperaturas. Foram produzidos pós nanoparticulados com fase pura a 700°C e caracterizados como sensores de temperatura com coeficiente positivo (PTC).