Relevant bibliographies by topics / Bt soybean / Journal articles

To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Bt soybean.

Journal articles on the topic 'Bt soybean'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 17 February 2022

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Bt soybean.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.

Luz, P. M. C., A. Specht, S. V. Paula-Moraes, et al. "Owlet moths (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea) associated with Bt and non- Bt soybean in the brazilian savanna." Brazilian Journal of Biology 79, no. 2 (2019): 248–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.179759.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract The use of GMO expressing Bt toxin in soybean production has increased significantly in the last years in Brazil in order to manage the damage caused by lepidopteran pests. In this study, we compared the richness and abundance of owlet moths (Noctuoidea) associated with Bt and non-Bt soybean. We determined the temporal variations as a function of phenology, and correlated the population variations of the most common species with meteorological variables. The research was conducted at the experimental area of Embrapa Cerrados. The collection method used was differentiated being suppressive and absolute. A total of 13 species were collected, of which eight occurred on Bt soybeans. The most representative taxa were Chrysodeixis includens (72.87%), Anticarsia gemmatalis (18.17%) and Spodoptera spp (5.22%). The number of larvae belonging to species targeted by the Bt technology was 10 times lower on Bt than on non-Bt soybeans. Utetheisa ornatrix and Elaphria deltoides were recorded on soybean for the first time, observing larvae of both species in non-Bt soybean and those of U. ornatrix also in Bt soybean. Only A. gemmatalis larvae correlated (p <0.05) negatively with precipitation. This study provided field information on the abundance and species richness of owlet moths on non-Bt soybeans, associated with the effects of Bt soybean. When considering the different levels of infestation between cultivars as a criterion, larvae monitoring is of substantial importance in order to develop the lost control program.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Sosa, Cinthia, Victor Gómez, Maria Ramírez, Edgar Gaona, and Magin Gamarra. "Toxicity of the Bt Protein Cry1Ac Expressed in Leaves of the Event of Transgenic Soybean Released in Paraguay Against Spodoptera cosmioides." Journal of Agricultural Science 12, no. 12 (2020): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v12n12p107.

Full text

Abstract:

Spodoptera cosmioides Walk (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a polyphagous species, considered a secondary pest in soybean crop. The Intacta soybean (Bt soybean) event was released in Paraguay with Bt proteins which are supposed to be toxic for caterpillars. However, the effects of these proteins in the Spodoptera cosmioides biology still uncertainty. This study evaluated the biological activity of Bt soybean in S. cosmioides that were fed on Bt and non-Bt soybean leaves under laboratory conditions. The experiment was carried out at the Laboratory of Entomology; temperature 26&plusmn;2 &ordm;C; relative humidity: 60&plusmn;10%; photoperiod: 14:00 h where 150 neonate larvae were used per treatment. The period and viability of each stage, the mortality of larval, number of eggs and neonate per couple, and the period of larvae to adult were the assessed variables. Higher mortality was observed in larvae fed with intact soybeans, but without statistical differences with non-Bt soybeans. For larval survival, period, number and total period, no statistical differences were verified. Higher percentage of fertility was observed in soybeans non-Bt but no statistical differences.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

BORTOLOTTO, ORCIAL C., ADENEY F. BUENO, KARLA BRAGA, GUSTAVO C. BARBOSA, and ALISSON SANZOVO. "Biological characteristics of Heliothis virescens fed with Bt-soybean MON 87701 × MON 89788 and its conventional isoline." Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 86, no. 2 (2014): 973–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201420130495.

Full text

Abstract:

This study aimed to evaluate the larval biology of Heliothis virescens in soybean MON 87701 x MON 89788 and its isogenic non-Bt. In general, the impact of soybean MON 87701 x MON 89788 on H. virescens was evidenced in all bioassays, 100% larval mortality, independent of the structure (leaf or pod) consumed by the pest. The small larvae (1st and 3rdinstar) demonstrated that they were unable to damage fresh pods of soybean, regardless of whether Bt or not Bt. The large larvae (5th instar) fed on soybean MON 87701 x MON 89788 soybeans consumed three times less compared to larvae fed on non-Bt soybeans, and resulted in reduced longevity and larval survival. When soybean plants were infested with 5th instar larvae, H. virescens caused injuries in the steams of the conventional soybean. It was recorded that the insects moves quickly to this region of the plant. However the soybean MON 87701 x MON 89788 was an effective tool in controlling H. virescens.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

McPherson, Robert M., and Ted C. MacRae. "Assessing Lepidopteran Abundance and Crop Injury in Soybean Lines Exhibiting a Synthetic Bacillus thuringiensis cry1 A Gene." Journal of Entomological Science 44, no. 2 (2009): 120–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-44.2.120.

Full text

Abstract:

Transgenic lines of soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merrill, expressing a synthetic cry 1A gene from Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt), were evaluated in replicated field trials in 1999–2002 for suppression of lepidopteran pests and the resultant crop injury. Velvetbean caterpillar, Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner, soybean looper, Pseudoplusia includens (Walker), and green cloverworm, Hypena scabra (F.), population densities were essentially absent throughout the growing season in each year of the study in each of the Bt lines evaluated compared with moderate (5–10 larvae per row-m) to heavy (15–20 larvae per row-m) populations in the isogenic and parental lines serving as soybean controls. Significant A. gemmatalis larval population reductions were observed in the Bt entries compared with the nonBt entries in each year of this study. The P. includens larval densities were significantly lower in Bt entries in the 3 yrs of this study when population densities were abundant, whereas H. scabra were lower in the Bt lines in the 2 yrs of this study when this species was present. Cumulative defoliation in nonBt soybean entries exceeded 95% in some years compared with 0.0–1.6% in the transgenic lines containing Bt. Yields of the transgenic soybean lines were equal to or higher than the non Bt lines examined in each year of this study. It appears that these Bt transgenic soybeans provide superior season-long control of the common lepidopteran pests on soybeans in the southern U.S., resulting in reduced defoliation levels and potentially higher yields compared with equivalent cultivars that lack the Bt trait.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Nardon, Adriana C., Sandra M. Mathioni, Leandro V. dos Santos, and Daniel D. Rosa. "Primeiro registro de Rachiplusia nu (Guenée, 1852) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) sobrevivendo em soja Bt no Brasil." Entomological Communications 3 (September 24, 2021): ec03028. http://dx.doi.org/10.37486/2675-1305.ec03028.

Full text

Abstract:

Loopers are important defoliators in several crop species. Among the loopers attacking non-Bt soybean cultivars, Chrysodeixis includens (Walker, [1858]) was the most common. The use of trangenic Bt soybean in appromately 70% of the soybean fields in Brazil led to a decrease in the loopers in these fields. However, technical field specialists and soybean producers recently observed Plusiinae larvae damaging transgenic Bt soybean, posing a risk over the Bt technology. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify and confirm the catterpillar species feeding on transgenic Bt soybean fields in Brazil. Larvae and soybean leaf samples were collected in 12 soybean-producing locations from four Brazillian States. Soybean leaf samples were tested to confirm whether they were transgenic Bt. Larvae were reared in artificial diet and submitted to feeding trials on non-transgenic and transgenic Bt soybean leaves. The species identification was perfomed by amplicon sequencing of the cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene of eight larvae per local. All 12 populations fed in the transgenic Bt soybean and the sequencing analysis of COI determined that they belong to Rachiplusia nu (Guenée, 1852) with 100% similarity to the COI sequences available in NCBI for this species. These results suggest that the R. nu species is not controlled by the genetic modification event present in the tested soybean variety and highlights the need for additional looper management control strategies, such as insecticide application, for controlling this insect pest in transgenic Bt soybean.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Silva, Juliana Barroso, Raphael Mori, Luiz Henrique Marques, et al. "Water Deprivation Induces Biochemical Changes Without Reduction in the Insecticidal Activity of Maize and Soybean Transgenic Plants." Journal of Economic Entomology 114, no. 4 (2021): 1817–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/toab109.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Like conventional crops, transgenic plants expressing insecticidal toxins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) are subjected to water deprivation. However, the effects of water deprivation over the insecticidal activity of Bt plants are not well understood. We submitted Bt maize and Bt soybean to water deprivation and evaluated biochemical stress markers and the insecticidal activity of plants against target insects. Bt maize (DAS-Ø15Ø7-1 × MON-89Ø34-3 × MON-ØØ6Ø3–6 × SYN-IR162-4) containing the PowerCore Ultra traits, Bt soybean (DAS-444Ø6-6 × DAS-81419-2) with the Conkesta E3 traits, and commercial non-Bt cultivars were cultivated and exposed to water deprivation in the greenhouse. Leaves were harvested for quantification of hydrogen peroxide, malondialdeyde (MDA), and total phenolics and insecticidal activity. Maize or soybean leaf disks were used to evaluate the insecticidal activity against, respectively, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E Smith) and Chrysodeixis includens (Walker) neonates. Except for Bt soybean, water deprivation increased hydrogen peroxide and MDA contents in Bt and non-Bt plants. Both biochemical markers of water deficit were observed in lower concentrations in Bt plants than in non-Bt commercial cultivars. Water deprivation did not result in changes of phenolic contents in Bt and non-Bt maize. For Bt or non-Bt soybean, phenolic contents were similar despite plants being exposed or not to water deprivation. Water deprivation did not alter substantially insect survival in non-Bt maize or non-Bt soybean. Despite water deprivation-induced biochemical changes in plants, both Bt plants maintained their insecticidal activity (100% mortality) against the target species.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Almeida, Mauricélia F., Clébson S. Tavares, Euires O. Araújo, Marcelo C. Picanço, Eugênio E. Oliveira, and Eliseu José G. Pereira. "Plant Resistance in Some Modern Soybean Varieties May Favor Population Growth and Modify the Stylet Penetration of Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)." Journal of Economic Entomology 114, no. 2 (2021): 970–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/toab008.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Complaints of severe damage by whiteflies in soybean fields containing genetically engineered (GE) varieties led us to investigate the role of transgenic soybean varieties expressing resistance to some insects (Cry1Ac Bt toxin) and to herbicide (glyphosate) on the population growth and feeding behavior of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) MEAM1 (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). In the laboratory, the whiteflies reared on the GE Bt soybeans had a net reproductive rate (R0) 100% higher and intrinsic rate of population increase (rm) 15% higher than those reared on non-GE soybeans. The increased demographic performance was associated with a higher lifetime fecundity. In electrical penetration graphs, the whiteflies reared on the GE soybeans had fewer probes and spent 50% less time before reaching the phloem phase from the beginning of the first successful probe, indicating a higher risk of transmission of whitefly-borne viruses. Data from Neotropical fields showed a higher population density of B. tabaci on two soybean varieties expressing glyphosate resistance and Cry1Ac Bt toxin. These results indicate that some GE soybean varieties expressing insect and herbicide resistances can be more susceptible to whiteflies than non-GE ones or those only expressing herbicide resistance. Most likely, these differences are related to varietal features that increase host-plant susceptibility to whiteflies. Appropriate pest management may be needed to deal with whiteflies in soybean fields, especially in warm regions, and breeders may want to consider the issue when developing new soybean varieties.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Bundy, C. Scott, and R. M. McPherson. "Cropping Preferences of Common Lepidopteran Pests in a Cotton/Soybean Cropping System." Journal of Entomological Science 42, no. 1 (2007): 105–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-42.1.105.

Full text

Abstract:

Two soybean varieties (an early-maturing Group V and a later-maturing Group VII) and two cotton varieties (a conventional and a transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner [Bt]) were grown in adjacent replicated large field plots at two locations for 3 growing seasons. The abundance of commonly-observed lepidopteran pests within these two crops was observed weekly throughout each growing season. The green cloverworm, Hypena scabra (F.); soybean looper, Pseudoplusia includens (Walker), and; velvetbean caterpillar, Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner, preferred soybeans over cotton at all six test sites. The bollworm complex, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) and Heliothis virescens (F.), preferred soybeans at one site, cotton at two sites, and no crop preference at three sites. There was no difference in the seasonal mean abundance of the pests between the two soybean maturity groups. A few varietal differences were noted on soybeans on specific sampling dates; however, they occurred when insect numbers were low. Population densities approached economic injury levels on both the early and later-maturing soybean varieties. In cotton, the bollworm complex was significantly more abundant in conventional cotton than in Bt cotton. Although soybean loopers are a pest of both crops, soybeans are preferred when they are planted adjacent to cotton. Given this behavioral response, soybeans might serve as a trap crop to attract soybean loopers into a small planting of soybeans and out of the major planting of cotton.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Murúa, María, Martín Vera, María Herrero, Sofia Fogliata, and Andrew Michel. "Defoliation of Soybean Expressing Cry1Ac by Lepidopteran Pests." Insects 9, no. 3 (2018): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects9030093.

Full text

Abstract:

Lepidoptera, stink bugs, and weevils are important pests in soybean. For lepidopteran control, insecticides and seed treatments are used. As an alternative, Bt soybean was developed to control primary pests of Lepidoptera such as Rachiplusia nu (Guenée) (Noctuidae), Chrysodeixisincludens (Walker) (Noctuidae), Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner (Erebidae), Helicoverpa gelotopoeon (Dyar) (Noctuidae), and Crocidosema aporema (Walsingham) (Tortricidae). However, the use of transgenic plants, and the resulting reduction of insecticide against target pests, may allow other pest species to become more prevalent in agricultural environments. Soybean expressing Cry1Ac against different lepidopteran nontarget and target insect pests was evaluated, and its performance was compared with non-Bt soybean with seed treatment. The treatments were Bt soybean, non-Bt soybean with seed treatment (Fortenza® diamide insecticide, Syngenta, Buenos Aires, Argentina), and non-Bt soybean without seed treatment. Larvae of H. gelotopoeon, Spodoptera albula (Walker) (Noctuidae), Spodoptera cosmiodes (Walker) (Noctuidae), Spodoptera eridania (Stoll) (Noctuidae), and Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lep.: Noctuidae) were used. The plants of each treatment were infested with larvae of each species, and the percentage of leaf damage produced by each species was recorded. The results showed that Bt soybean provided control of H. gelotopoeon and had a suppressive effect on S. frugiperda and S. albula. However, S. eridania and S. cosmiodes were not susceptible to the Cry1Ac protein in MON 87701 × MON 89788 soybean when evaluated by greenhouse infestation. Considering the performance of each species using non-Bt soybean without seed treatment, S. eridania would represent a potential risk in soybean crops.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Bortolotto, Orcial C., Adeney F. Bueno, Ynaiara K. Stopa, Gabriela V. Silva, and Ana Paula Queiroz. "Development of Dichelops melacanthus and its egg parasitoid Telenomus podisi reared on Bt-soybean MON 87701 x MON 89788 and its near conventional isoline under different temperatures." Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 88, no. 2 (2016): 1023–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201620150257.

Full text

Abstract:

Dichelops melacanthus was studied under controlled conditions (60 ± 10% RH and 14/10 h L/D photoperiod), and three constant temperatures (19, 25, and 31 ± 2 °C). Fresh pods of MON 87701 × MON 89788 soybeans and its near non-Bt isoline (A5547) were supplied to nymphs and adults. The biology of T. podisi was studied in the same controlled RH conditions, but only at the standard temperature of 25 ± 2 °C. Overall, the development of D. melacanthus was better at higher temperatures, which accelerated the development of the stink bug without affecting adult biological parameters. No influence of Bt-soybeans on the biology of the pest was observed in any temperature studied, which shows that D. melacanthus is not affected by this transgenic soybean. The egg parasitoid T. podisi also was not harmed when it parasitized eggs of the pest fed with MON 87701 × MON 89788 soybeans, with similar results to those obtained in non-Bt isogenic soybeans. Thus, this study demonstrates that D. melacanthus is favored at high temperatures (31 ± 2 °C), and that neither did MON 87701 × MON 89788 soybean pods affect the development of the pest nor its parasitoid T. podisi.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Fanela, Thiago L. M., Edson L. L. Baldin, Thomas E. Hunt, and Rodrigo D. Faria. "Baseline Plant-to-Plant Larval Movement of Spodoptera eridania in Bt and Non-Bt Soybean and Its Possible Impacts on IRM." Journal of Economic Entomology 113, no. 4 (2020): 1741–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/toaa079.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract The widespread use of transgenic technologies has led to the emergence of insect populations resistant to Bt toxins. Some lepidopteran pest species also appear to naturally have some level of tolerance to certain proteins, such as some species of Spodoptera to Cry1Ac. One of the main strategies to manage resistance is the use of refuge areas, the success of which is in part dependent on larval movement of the target pest. Thus, in order to assess the viability of a refuge strategy addressing Spodoptera eridania Stoll (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Bt soybean, it was evaluated the larval movement across plants in Bt and non-Bt soybean, as well as the larval development and mortality on Bt and non-Bt soybean cultivars. We concluded that apparent S. eridania incomplete resistance resulting from high larval mortality and low adaptability on Bt plants, high larval dispersal, nondirectional larval movement, and random larval spatial dispersion suggest that structured refuge is more suitable than mixed refuge for managing resistance in S. eridania populations.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Sartori Suzana, Crislaine, Karoline Maria Melara, and José Roberto Salvadori. "Inseticidas nas sementes e a entomotoxina cry 1 ac protegem a soja contra a lagarta-do-velho-mundo." COLLOQUIUM AGRARIAE 16, no. 6 (2020): 87–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5747/ca.2020.v16.n6.a410.

Full text

Abstract:

The Helicoverpa armigera caterpillar occurs from the emergence of the plants to the reproductive stage of the soybean crop, which can cause significant losses.As an initial pest, both neonate and more developed caterpillars can be found, the latter from the previous crop.The use of Bt cultivars and insecticides in seed treatment are options to pest managementat the beginning of soybean development, but there are doubtsabout the efficacy of these control methods. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the protective effect of insecticides applied to seeds and Cry 1Ac protein, in relation to the attack of the H. armigeracaterpillar, as an initial pest in soybean plants.Experiments were conducted in the laboratory, using a completely randomized design, with six treatments:four insecticides related to seeds and control (without insecticide), in conventional cultivar soybeans (Target BMX), and the Cry 1Ac protein in soybeans cultivate Bt (DM 5958 IPRO), without insecticide. Our results confirm that under laboratory conditions the insecticides cyantraniliprole (60 g ai / 100 kg of seeds) and chlorantraniliprole (62.5 g ai / 100 kg of seeds) protect the soybean against the injuries of H. armigera3º-4ºínstars, in cotyledons and unifoliolate and trifoliolate leaves, at 5 days after the emergenceof the plants. The protein Cry 1Acprotects the soybean plants from this type of injury caused byboth3rd-4thand 5th-6thínstarscaterpillars, at 5 and 10 days after emergence.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Ali, M. Ibrahim, S. Y. Young, and R. C. McNew. "Host Plant Influence on Activity of Bacillus thuringiensisBerliner Against Lepidopterous Pests of Crops." Journal of Entomological Science 39, no. 3 (2004): 311–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-39.3.311.

Full text

Abstract:

Mortality of second-instar Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) and Pseudoplusia includens (Walker) fed Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt), Dipel ES®-sprayed leaves of field grown cotton, soybean and tomato were compared in laboratory bioassays. The median lethal concentration (LC50) for larvae of all species fed Bt-treated leaf tissue was higher for cotton than for soybean or tomato. The LC50 for larvae fed Bt-treated soybean and tomato leaves did not differ significantly for any species of insects. When the mean number of days until death was plotted against percent survival at that rate, the mean number of days until death increased with an increase in percent survival. Survival time of the three insect species exposed to Bt increased most rapidly when fed cotton leaves. Results show that foliarly-applied Bt on field-grown cotton leaves is less effective against larvae of these pest species in terms of mortality and speed of kill.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Müller, Mônica A., Ana C. Klosowski, Maristella Dalla Pria, Sérgio M. Mazaro, and Louise L. May De Mio. "Bacillus thuringiensis Combined With Fungicide Applications in the Management of Soybean Leaf Diseases." Journal of Agricultural Science 11, no. 13 (2019): 226. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v11n13p226.

Full text

Abstract:

Asian soybean rust (ASR) caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi is the main soybean leaf disease in Brazil. Downy mildew (Peronospora manshurica) and powdery mildew (Microsphaera diffusa) are important soybean foliar diseases of occurrence in Paran&aacute; state. To reduce severity and yield losses caused by soybean foliar diseases, this work aimed to verify the efficacy of different application doses of the commercial product Dipel&reg; Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), which is a biological insect controller, combined with number of Opera&reg; fungicide (pyraclostrobin + epoxiconazole) intercalated applications, and to investigate the effect of the Bt Dipel&reg; in the resistance induction of soybean. For this study, different methodologies were used, including in vitro, in vivo and field assays. The results showed that Bt Dipel&reg; can reduce soybean foliar diseases by inducing &beta;-1,3 glucanase enzime and phytoalexin gliceolin. The fungicide application in the experiment condition reduced yield losses.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Martins-Salles, Silvia, Vilmar Machado, Laura Massochin-Pinto, and Lidia M. Fiuza. "Genetically modified soybean expressing insecticidal protein (Cry1Ac): Management risk and perspectives." FACETS 2, no. 1 (2017): 496–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/facets-2017-0006.

Full text

Abstract:

A Bt soybean has been recently developed, thus, efficiently regulating the populations of major lepidopteran pests. However, in other cases, these benefits have been reduced or lost because of the rapid evolution of pest resistance to the Bt toxins in transgenic crops. When pest populations are exposed to Bt crops and to refuges (non- Bt plants), the evolution of resistance is governed by the fitness of resistant individuals relative to susceptible individuals for both the presence and absence of Bt toxins. One major ecological concern regarding the biosafety of Bt crops on the environment is their potential effects on non-target organisms, especially predators and parasitoids that play an important role in pest control. This information is important for supporting insect resistance management (IRM) programs and for improving agricultural practices in a crop production system with Bt plants. Before the use of Bt plants for insect pest control in Brazil is adopted, IRM programs should be established to ensure the sustainability of this technology for integrated pest management (IPM). This review presents data on Bt soybean and lepidopteran pests as well as on the importance of natural enemies as a form of biological control, and applications for IPM and IRM.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Schünemann, Rogério, Neiva Knaak, and Lidia Mariana Fiuza. "Mode of Action and Specificity of Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins in the Control of Caterpillars and Stink Bugs in Soybean Culture." ISRN Microbiology 2014 (January 20, 2014): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/135675.

Full text

Abstract:

The bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) produces delta-endotoxins that possess toxic properties and can be used as biopesticides, as well as a source of genes for the construction of transgenic plants resistant to insects. In Brazil, the introduction of Bt soybean with insecticidal properties to the velvetbean caterpillar, the main insect pest of soybean, has been seen a promising tool in the management of these agroecosystems. However, the increase in stink bug populations in this culture, in various regions of the country, which are not susceptible to the existing genetically modified plants, requires application of chemicals that damage the environment. Little is known about the actual toxicity of Bt to Hemiptera, since these insects present sucking mouthparts, which hamper toxicity assays with artificial diets containing toxins of this bacterium. In recent studies of cytotoxicity with the gut of different hemipterans, susceptibility in the mechanism of action of delta-endotoxins has been demonstrated, which can generate promising subsidies for the control of these insect pests in soybean. This paper aims to review the studies related to the selection, application and mode of action of Bt in the biological control of the major pest of soybean, Anticarsia gemmatalis, and an analysis of advances in research on the use of Bt for control hemipterans.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Bacalhau, Fabiana B., Patrick M. Dourado, Renato J. Horikoshi, et al. "Performance of Genetically Modified Soybean Expressing the Cry1A.105, Cry2Ab2, and Cry1Ac Proteins Against Key Lepidopteran Pests in Brazil." Journal of Economic Entomology 113, no. 6 (2020): 2883–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/toaa236.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract The pyramided genetically modified (GM) soybean [Glycine max L. (Merr.)] MON87751 × MON87708 × MON87701 × MON89788, expressing Cry1A.105, Cry2Ab2, and Cry1Ac from Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner, was approved for commercial use in Brazil. We conducted laboratory, greenhouse, and field studies to assess the efficacy of this Bt soybean against key soybean lepidopteran pests. Neonates of Anticarsia gemmatalis (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae), Chrysodeixis includens (Walker), and Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) were exposed to Bt proteins in diet-overlay bioassays. MON87751 × MON87708 × MON87701 × MON89788 soybean and individual components were evaluated in laboratory (leaf disc), greenhouse (high artificial infestations), and in field conditions (natural infestations). Neonates of A. gemmatalis, C. includens, and H. armigera were highly susceptible to Cry1A.105 (LC50 from 0.79 to 48.22 ng/cm2), Cry2Ab2 (LC50 from 1.24 to 8.36 ng/cm2), and Cry1Ac (LC50 from 0.15 to 5.07 ng/cm2) in diet-overlay bioassays. In laboratory leaf disc bioassays and greenhouse trials, MON87751 × MON87708 × MON87701 × MON89788 soybean as well as the individual components were highly effective in controlling A. gemmatalis, C. includens, and H. armigera. Similarly, under field conditions, the pyramided genotypes expressing Cry1A.105, Cry2Ab2, and Cry1Ac were highly effective at protecting soybean against C. includens. We concluded that the individual Bt proteins expressed by GM soybean MON87751 × MON87708 × MON87701 × MON89788 killed all or nearly all the susceptible A. gemmatalis, C. includens, and H. armigera, fulfilling one important criterion for successfully delaying resistance to pyramided Bt crops.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Chen, Danqi, William J. Moar, Agoston Jerga, et al. "Bacillus thuringiensis chimeric proteins Cry1A.2 and Cry1B.2 to control soybean lepidopteran pests: New domain combinations enhance insecticidal spectrum of activity and novel receptor contributions." PLOS ONE 16, no. 6 (2021): e0249150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0249150.

Full text

Abstract:

Two new chimeric Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) proteins, Cry1A.2 and Cry1B.2, were constructed using specific domains, which provide insecticidal activity against key lepidopteran soybean pests while minimizing receptor overlaps between themselves, current, and soon to be commercialized plant incorporated protectants (PIP’s) in soybean. Results from insect diet bioassays demonstrate that the recombinant Cry1A.2 and Cry1B.2 are toxic to soybean looper (SBL) Chrysodeixis includens Walker, velvetbean caterpillar (VBC) Anticarsia gemmatalis Hubner, southern armyworm (SAW) Spodoptera eridania, and black armyworm (BLAW) Spodoptera cosmioides with LC50 values < 3,448 ng/cm2. Cry1B.2 is of moderate activity with significant mortality and stunting at > 3,448 ng/cm2, while Cry1A.2 lacks toxicity against old-world bollworm (OWB) Helicoverpa armigera. Results from disabled insecticidal protein (DIP) bioassays suggest that receptor utilization of Cry1A.2 and Cry1B.2 proteins are distinct from each other and from current, and yet to be commercially available, Bt proteins in soy such as Cry1Ac, Cry1A.105, Cry1F.842, Cry2Ab2 and Vip3A. However, as Cry1A.2 contains a domain common to at least one commercial soybean Bt protein, resistance to this common domain in a current commercial soybean Bt protein could possibly confer at least partial cross resistance to Cry1A2. Therefore, Cry1A.2 and Cry1B.2 should provide two new tools for controlling many of the major soybean insect pests described above.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Yu, Huilin, Yunhe Li, Xiangju Li, and Kongming Wu. "Arthropod Abundance and Diversity in Transgenic Bt Soybean." Environmental Entomology 43, no. 4 (2014): 1124–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/en13337.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Oliveira, Fabiola de, and Marcos Gino Fernandes. "Additive Positive Effects of Pollination on Bt and Non-Bt Soybean Cultivars by Honey Bee and Native Flower-Visiting." Journal of Agricultural Science 13, no. 1 (2020): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v13n1p157.

Full text

Abstract:

In addition to the increase in the number of pods produced, a well-conducted pollination also contributes to an increase in the number of grains per pod, improves the quality of the grains and seeds, and renders the grain ripening more uniform, thus, increasing the production at harvest. The objective of the present study was to quantify the benefits of flower-visiting insects in soybean production. The experiment was conducted with two soybean cultivars, one Bt and one non-Bt. During the flowering period, 150 plants of each cultivar were randomly selected, yielding 25 replicates (three plants per replicate) with free access to flower visitors, and another 25 replicates (also with three plants per replicate) that flower visitors could not access. During the flowering period, 549 specimens of flower-visiting insects were found in both cultivars, divided into eight orders, 30 families, and 92 species. The most abundant species were Apis mellifera (Linnaeus) (Hymenoptera: Apidae), Musca sp.1 (Linnaeus) (Diptera: Muscidae), and Lagria villosa (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). In the treatment with flower visitors, grain weight increased by 84.22% in Bt cultivar and by 202.52% in non-Bt cultivar, compared with the area without the presence of flower visitors. The increase in the number of pods in Bt and non-Bt cultivars was 45.72% and 101.25% respectively, in the area open to flower visitors. The high increase in grain yield and number of pods observed in the area with free access to pollinator insects emphasizes the high importance of the pollination service performed by flower visitors to the soybean crop.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Świątkiewicz, Małgorzata, Dariusz Bednarek, Jan Markowski, Ewa Hanczakowska, and Krzysztof Kwiate. "Effect of feeding genetically modified maize and soybean meal to sows on their reproductive traits, haematological indices and offspring performance." Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Pulawy 57, no. 3 (2013): 413–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bvip-2013-0071.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract The effect of Roundup Ready MON-40-3-2 soybean meal and Bt maize MON810 on sows performance and haematological indices, including parameters of erythrocytes, leukocytes, and trombocytes, as well as the piglets rearing indices were evaluated in the experiment carried out on 24 sows and their progeny. After mating sows were divided into groups: I - control, conventional soybean meal and conventional maize; II - genetically modified (GM) soybean meal and conventional maize; III - conventional soybean meal and GM maize; IV - GM soybean meal and GM maize. All used feed mixtures were isonitrogenous and isoenergetic, however differed in presence or absence of genetically modified maize MON810 (5% for pregnant and 8% for lactating sows) and/or soybean meal MON-40-3-2 (4% for pregnant and 14% for lactating sows). Born piglets were allotted to the same group as their mothers. The study showed that feeding pregnant and lactating sows with mixtures containing genetically modified RR soybean or/and meal Bt maize did not significantly affect their reproductive characteristics and offspring performance. There was no effect of dietary treatment on haematological indices. Transfer of transgenic DNA from GM feed to blood was not confirmed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Martin, Macarena, Debora Boaventura, and Ralf Nauen. "Evaluation of Reference Genes and Expression Level of Genes Potentially Involved in the Mode of Action of Cry1Ac and Cry1F in a Susceptible Reference Strain of Chrysodeixis includens." Insects 12, no. 7 (2021): 598. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects12070598.

Full text

Abstract:

Soybean looper (SBL), Chrysodeixis includens (Walker), is one of the major lepidopteran pests of soybean in the American continent. SBL control relies mostly on the use of insecticides and genetically modified crops expressing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) insecticidal Cry proteins. Due to the high selection pressure exerted by these control measures, resistance has developed to different insecticides and Bt proteins. Nevertheless, studies on the mechanistic background are still scarce. Here, the susceptibility of the laboratory SBL-Benzon strain to the Bt proteins Cry1Ac and Cry1F was determined in diet overlay assays and revealed a greater activity of Cry1Ac than Cry1F, thus confirming results obtained for other sensitive SBL strains. A reference gene study across larval stages with four candidate genes revealed that RPL10 and EF1 were the most stable genes for normalization of gene expression data obtained by RT-qPCR. Finally, the basal expression levels of eight potential Bt protein receptor genes in six larval instars were analyzed, including ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, alkaline phosphatase, aminopeptidases, and cadherin. The results presented here provide fundamental knowledge to support future SBL resistance studies.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Basak, Sanjay, Nasreen Z. Ehtesham, Boindala Sesikeran, and Sudip Ghosh. "Detection and Identification of Transgenic Elements by Fluorescent-PCR-Based Capillary Gel Electrophoresis in Genetically Modified Cotton and Soybean." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 97, no. 1 (2014): 159–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.13-027.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract A detection method for genetically modified foods is an essential regulatory requirement for many countries. The present study is aimed at developing a qualitative method for detection of genetically modified organisms by combining PCR methodology with capillary gel electrophoresis (PCR-CGE) in a sequencing platform to detect Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)-cotton (MON 531)and Roundup Ready (RR) soybean (GTS 40-3-2). A sensitive duplex PCR-CGE method was developed in which target DNA sequences (35S and Nos) were separated both by size and color to detect 0.01% Cry1Ac DNA (w/w) in Bt-cotton. A multiplex PCR-CGE method was developed to simultaneously detect fourtargets such as Sad1, Cry1Ac, 35S, and Nos in Bt-cotton. Four novel PCR primers were designed to customize amplicon size for multiplexing for better visualizationof multiple peaks. The LOD for Cry1Ac DNA specific PCR was 0.01% for Bt-cotton. The LOD for multiplex PCR assay was 0.05% for Bt-cotton. A singleplex PCR-CGE method was developed to detect Lec, 35S and Nos in a trace sample of RR soybean grainpowder (0.1%, w/w). This study demonstrates aPCR-CGE-based method for the qualitative detection of35S, Nos and Cry1Ac targets associated with genetically modifiedproducts.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Bento, Juliana Aparecida Correia, Priscila Zaczuk Bassinello, Aline Oliveira Colombo, Rayane Jesus Vital, and Rosângela Nunes Carvalho. "Vegan tempeh burger: prepared with aged bean grains fermented by Rhizopus oligosporus inoculum." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 2 (2021): e38110212503. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i2.12503.

Full text

Abstract:

This work has the objective of producing inoculum to enable tempeh production from aged common bean, by checking fermentation development according to the soybean/common bean ratio and defining the procedure for tempeh preparing in compliance with regulation on standards for acceptable microbiological contamination. Tempehs of common bean (BT), soybean (ST) and both (SBT) were produced by two methods (traditional and modified). The viable BT was used for hamburger preparation, which was evaluated for sensory acceptance in comparison to the traditional ST. The best inoculum Rhizopus oligosporus obtained was made with a medium with rice flour and presented a cell concentration of 106cells/mL. Tempehs made in a traditional method presented a bacterium grown beyond limit allowed by regulation. Instead, the modified method can be recommended to the industries to ensure the sanitary quality of tempeh. Finally, BT hamburger had a good acceptance (58%) regarding general appearance, but its flavor must be improved.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Garlet, Cínthia G., Rafaella P. Moreira, Patricia da S. Gubiani, Ramon B. Palharini, Juliano R. Farias, and Oderlei Bernardi. "Fitness Cost of Chlorpyrifos Resistance in Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on Different Host Plants." Environmental Entomology 50, no. 4 (2021): 898–908. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ee/nvab046.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith, 1797) is a polyphagous pest of global relevance due to the damage it inflicts on agricultural crops. In South American countries, this species is one of the principal pests of maize and cotton. Currently, S. frugiperda is also emerging as an important pest of soybeans and winter cereals in Brazil. Chemical control is one of the main control tactics against S. frugiperda, even though resistance against numerous modes of action insecticides has been reported. To support insect resistance management programs, we evaluated the fitness costs of resistance of S. frugiperda to the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor chlorpyrifos. Fitness costs were quantified by comparing biological parameters of chlorpyrifos-resistant and -susceptible S. frugiperda and their F1 hybrids (heterozygotes) on non-Bt cotton, non-Bt maize, non-Bt soybean, and oats. The results revealed that the chlorpyrifos-resistant genotype showed lower pupa-to-adult and egg-to-adult survivorship and reduced larval weights on oats; longer neonate-to-pupa and egg-to-adult developmental periods, and lower pupal weights and fecundity on maize; lower pupal weights on soybean; and reduced fecundity on cotton compared with the chlorpyrifos-susceptible genotype. Fitness costs also affected fertility life table parameters of the resistant genotype, increasing the mean length of a generation on cotton and maize and reducing the potential for population growth on all hosts. These findings suggest fitness costs at the individual and population levels of chlorpyrifos resistance in S. frugiperda, indicating that removal of the selective agent from the environment would result in reduced resistance and opportunities for the restoration of susceptibility.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Trapmann, Stefanie, Heinz Schimmel, Gerard Nico Kramer, Guy van den Eede, and Jean Pauwels. "Production of Certified Reference Materials for the Detection of Genetically Modified Organisms." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 85, no. 3 (2002): 775–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/85.3.775.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Certified reference materials (CRMs) are an essential tool in the quality assurance of analytical measurements. They are produced, certified, and used in accordance with relevant ISO (International Organization for Standardization) and BCR (Community Bureau of Reference) guidelines. The Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements (IRMM; Geel, Belgium) has produced the first powdery genetically modified organism (GMO) CRMs in cooperation with the Institute for Health and Consumer Protection (Ispra, Italy). Until now, different weight percentages in the range of 0–5%for 4 GMOs in Europe were produced and certified: Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis)-11 and Bt-176 maize, Roundup Ready® soybean, and MON810 maize. Bt-11 and Bt-176 maize and Roundup Ready soybean were produced by IRMM on behalf of Fluka Chemie AG (Buchs, Switzerland). Characterization of used base material is the first step in production and is especially important for GMO CRMs. The production of powdery GMO CRMs and methods used for production control are described. Thorough control of homogeneity and stability are essential for certification of reference materials and ensure validity of the certificate for each bottle of a batch throughout a defined shelf-life. Because production of reference materials and their maintenance are very labor- and cost-intensive tasks, the usefulness of new types of GMO CRMs must be estimated carefully.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Liu, Lu, Eric Schepers, Amy Lum, et al. "Identification and Evaluations of Novel Insecticidal Proteins from Plants of the Class Polypodiopsida for Crop Protection against Key Lepidopteran Pests." Toxins 11, no. 7 (2019): 383. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins11070383.

Full text

Abstract:

Various lepidopteran insects are responsible for major crop losses worldwide. Although crop plant varieties developed to express Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) proteins are effective at controlling damage from key lepidopteran pests, some insect populations have evolved to be insensitive to certain Bt proteins. Here, we report the discovery of a family of homologous proteins, two of which we have designated IPD083Aa and IPD083Cb, which are from Adiantum spp. Both proteins share no known peptide domains, sequence motifs, or signatures with other proteins. Transgenic soybean or corn plants expressing either IPD083Aa or IPD083Cb, respectively, show protection from feeding damage by several key pests under field conditions. The results from comparative studies with major Bt proteins currently deployed in transgenic crops indicate that the IPD083 proteins function by binding to different target sites. These results indicate that IPD083Aa and IPD083Cb can serve as alternatives to traditional Bt-based insect control traits with potential to counter insect resistance to Bt proteins.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

AREAL, F. J., L. RIESGO, and E. RODRÍGUEZ-CEREZO. "Economic and agronomic impact of commercialized GM crops: a meta-analysis." Journal of Agricultural Science 151, no. 1 (2012): 7–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859612000111.

Full text

Abstract:

SUMMARYThe present paper presents a meta-analysis of the economic and agronomic performance of genetically modified (GM) crops worldwide. Bayesian, classical and non-parametric approaches were used to evaluate the performance of GM crops v. their conventional counterparts. The two main GM crop traits (herbicide tolerant (HT) and insect resistant (Bt)) and three of the main GM crops produced worldwide (Bt cotton, HT soybean and Bt maize) were analysed in terms of yield, production cost and gross margin. The scope of the analysis covers developing and developed countries, six world regions, and all countries combined. Results from the statistical analyses indicate that GM crops perform better than their conventional counterparts in agronomic and economic (gross margin) terms. Regarding countries’ level of development, GM crops tend to perform better in developing countries than in developed countries, with Bt cotton being the most profitable crop grown.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Olson, D. M., and J. R. Ruberson. "Crop-specific mortality of southern green stink bug eggs in Bt- and non-Bt cotton, soybean and peanut." Biocontrol Science and Technology 22, no. 12 (2012): 1417–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09583157.2012.731495.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Walker, David R., James M. Narvel, H. Roger Boerma, John N. All, and Wayne A. Parrott. "A QTL that enhances and broadens Bt insect resistance in soybean." Theoretical and Applied Genetics 109, no. 5 (2004): 1051–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00122-004-1714-9.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Isakova, Iryna A., Yegor B. Isakov, Svetlana E. Rymar, Vitalii A. Kordium, and James R. Fuxa. "Specificity of Ukrainian Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner Strains for Agricultural Pests of the Southeastern United States." Journal of Entomological Science 42, no. 2 (2007): 272–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-42.2.272.

Full text

Abstract:

Insecticidal proteins naturally produced by Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt) present an environmentally friendly alternative to the conventional chemicals used for the pest control. We identified crylA, crylB, and cry1C genes encoding the toxic proteins in 13 Bt strains isolated in Ukraine and then determined the toxicity of these strains against lepidopteran and coleopteran pests from the southeastern U.S. Five of the Bt strains were highly toxic to two lepidopteran pests: three against the soybean looper (Pseudoplusia includens Walker), and two others against the cabbage looper (Trichoplusia ni Hübner). None of the strains had more than moderate toxicity against the tobacco budworm (Heliothis virescens F.), the sugarcane borer (Diatraea saccharalis F.), or fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith). Cry1 toxins from three Bt strains were solubilized and trypsinized for bioassay against the boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman) and sweet potato weevil (Cylas formicarius Summers). Toxicity of all three strains was higher or comparable to that of the commercial Bt product Foil® (ECOGEN Inc., Langhorne, PA) containing Cry3 toxin specific for coleopterans. Two of the Ukrainian Bt strains containing Cry1B toxins were toxic to both lepidopteran and coleopteran pests. This study thus revealed new Bt strains toxic to lepidopteran and coleopteran pests from the southeastern U.S. indicating specific target pests for a broad spectrum of Cry1 toxins, including natural and trypsin-activated forms of CrylB proteins.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Sadashivanagowda, S. N. O., S. C. Alagundagi, B. T. Nadagouda, B. I. Bidari, and V. P. Chimmad. "System Productivity and Resource Use Efficiency of Alternative Cropping Systems for Sugarcane in Karnataka." International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management 12, no. 3 (2021): 170–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.23910/1.2021.2275b.

Full text

Abstract:

The field experiments were conducted at Agricultural Research Station, Hukkeri, Belagavi, Karnataka, India during 2018–19 and 2019–20 to study the system productivity and resource use efficiency of alternative cropping systems for sugarcane. There were 11 treatments involving different cropping systems viz., soybean–sorghum–ridge gourd, pigeon pea±green gram (1:1)–beans, pigeon pea±soybean (1:1)–cowpea, soybean–wheat–groundnut, groundnut–sorghum–sesame, maize–cabbage–fallow, soybean–wheat–green gram, maize–wheat–sesame, Bt cotton–groundnut, sugarcane±onion (1:2) and sugarcane (sole) replicated thrice and laid out in randomized complete block design. Among the cropping systems, maize-cabbage-fallow system recorded significantly higher total system productivity (58,234 kg ha-1), water use efficiency (199.67 kg ha-1-mm) and energy use efficiency (129.91 MJ ha-1) compared to rest of the cropping systems. However, sugarcane (sole) recorded (1,11,008 kg ha-1, 68.64 kg ha-1-mm and 16.58 MJ ha-1, respectively). Based on alternative cropping systems involving only field crops, maize-wheat-sesame (9633 kg ha-1, 30.65 kg ha-1-mm and 132.20 MJ ha-1, respectively), soybean-wheat-groundnut (7602 kg ha-1, 27.40 kg ha-1-mm and 32.35 MJ ha-1,, respectively), soybean-wheat-green gram (6424 kg ha-1, 23.05 kg ha-1-mm and 31.91 MJ ha-1, respectively) and Bt cotton-groundnut (4503 kg ha-1, 17.97 kg ha-1-mm and 16.95 MJ ha-1, respectively) were significantly higher. By adopting the alternative cropping systems, there was water saving of approximately 45% compared to sugarcane monocropping and sugarcane±onion (1:2) intercropping.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Morales, Adriana, Miguel J. Cervantes, Alan Valle-Fimbres, et al. "197 Body temperature of pigs exposed to heat stress conditions: effect of dietary protein level." Journal of Animal Science 97, Supplement_2 (2019): 111–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz122.197.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Heat stress (HS) reduces feed intake and increases body temperature (BT) in pigs. Increased dietary protein content may correct HS-related reduced amino acid intake, but it may further increase BT. The effect of dietary protein level on BT of HS pigs was analyzed with 9-ileal cannulated pigs (61.7 ± 2.7 kg BW). A thermometer set to register BT at 5-min intervals was implanted into the ileum. There were two treatments: low-protein (10.8%) wheat-free Lys-Thr diet (LP); high-protein (21.6%), wheat-soybean meal diet. The study was conducted in two-10 d periods; d1-d7 for diet adaptation and d8 to d10 for BT data analysis. Pigs were fed at 0600 (morning), 1400 (midday), and 2200-h (evening), same amount each time. Ambient temperature (AT) and relative humidity ranged from 30.1 to 35.4 °C and from 50 to 84%, respectively. Both AT and BT followed a similar pattern; BT did not differ between LP and HP pigs (P > 0.05). Postprandial midday and evening BT was higher than postprandial morning BT (P < 0.05). The BT increment after the midday meal was larger and longer (P < 0.05) than that after the morning and evening meals. The postprandial morning and evening BT increments were longer in the HP pigs. Apparently, the capacity of pigs to dissipate postprandial body heat depends on the accumulated thermal load received before their meals; the thermal load before the morning meal was lower than that before the evening meal. In conclusion, these data show that the dietary protein level has a small effect on the BT of HS pigs, confirm that the effect of AT on BT of HS pigs is stronger than that of dietary protein content, and suggest that the capacity of pigs to dissipate body heat increases under HS conditions. This information may be useful to design better feeding strategies for pigs exposed to HS conditions.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Livingston, Michael J., Nicholas P. Storer, John W. Van Duyn, and George G. Kennedy. "Do Refuge Requirements for Biotechnology Crops Promote Economic Efficiency? Some Evidence for Bt Cotton." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 39, no. 1 (2007): 171–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1074070800022823.

Full text

Abstract:

We examine producer behavior, resistance evolution, and returns under alternative refuge requirements in an eastern North Carolina region with multiple corn, cotton, and soybean fields infested by a mobile pest. Returns are highest, pyrethroid sprays occur least frequently, and pyrethroid resistance evolution is delayed most effectively with no refuge requirement. Complying with the current 20% refuge requirement costs the producer $8.67 per cotton acre, or $34.21 per non-transgenic insecticidal (Bt) cotton acre. Returns are highest under each refuge requirement when one-toxin Bt cotton is not phased out; however, removal of the technology at the earliest phase-out date minimizes regional pyrethroid sprays.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Carrière, Yves, Zachary Brown, Serkan Aglasan, et al. "Crop rotation mitigates impacts of corn rootworm resistance to transgenic Bt corn." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 31 (2020): 18385–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2003604117.

Full text

Abstract:

Transgenic crops that produce insecticidal proteins fromBacillus thuringiensis(Bt) can suppress pests and reduce insecticide sprays, but their efficacy is reduced when pests evolve resistance. Although farmers plant refuges of non-Bt host plants to delay pest resistance, this tactic has not been sufficient against the western corn rootworm,Diabrotica virgifera virgifera. In the United States, some populations of this devastating pest have rapidly evolved practical resistance to Cry3 toxins and Cry34/35Ab, the only Bt toxins in commercially available corn that kill rootworms. Here, we analyzed data from 2011 to 2016 on Bt corn fields producing Cry3Bb alone that were severely damaged by this pest in 25 crop-reporting districts of Illinois, Iowa, and Minnesota. The annual mean frequency of these problem fields was 29 fields (range 7 to 70) per million acres of Cry3Bb corn in 2011 to 2013, with a cost of $163 to $227 per damaged acre. The frequency of problem fields declined by 92% in 2014 to 2016 relative to 2011 to 2013 and was negatively associated with rotation of corn with soybean. The effectiveness of corn rotation for mitigating Bt resistance problems did not differ significantly between crop-reporting districts with versus without prevalent rotation-resistant rootworm populations. In some analyses, the frequency of problem fields was positively associated with planting of Cry3 corn and negatively associated with planting of Bt corn producing both a Cry3 toxin and Cry34/35Ab. The results highlight the central role of crop rotation for mitigating impacts ofD. v. virgiferaresistance to Bt corn.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Yu, Huilin, Jörg Romeis, Yunhe Li, Xiangju Li, and Kongming Wu. "Acquisition of Cry1Ac Protein by Non-Target Arthropods in Bt Soybean Fields." PLoS ONE 9, no. 8 (2014): e103973. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0103973.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Formentini, Aline Carraro, Daniel Ricardo Sosa-Gómez, Silvana Vieira de Paula-Moraes, Neiva Monteiro de Barros, and Alexandre Specht. "Lepidoptera (Insecta) associated with soybean in Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Uruguay." Ciência Rural 45, no. 12 (2015): 2113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20141258.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACT: The present research updates the systematic position and nomenclature of Lepidoptera associated with soybean crops in Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Uruguay. Scientific literature lists 69 species of Lepidoptera feeding on soybean plants. These species are representatives of the Superfamilies Noctuoidea (31), Pyraloidea (13), Hesperioidea (12), Tortricoidea (5), Geometroidea (5), and Bombycoidea (3). Diversity of Lepidoptera associated to crop, injury in different parts of the plant, and changes in species composition are discussed considering the changes in plant disease management, introduction of plants expressing Bt proteins, and the recent introduction of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) as a new crop pest.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Mascarenhas, R. N., D. J. Boethel, B. R. Leonard, M. L. Boyd, and C. G. Clemens. "Resistance Monitoring to Bacillus thuringiensis Insecticides for Soybean Loopers (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Collected from Soybean and Transgenic Bt-Cotton." Journal of Economic Entomology 91, no. 5 (1998): 1044–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/91.5.1044.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Morales, Adriana, J. Alan Valle, Gilberto Castillo, et al. "The dietary protein content slightly affects the body temperature of growing pigs exposed to heat stress." Translational Animal Science 3, no. 4 (2019): 1326–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tas/txz143.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract: Heat stress (HS) increases body temperature (BT) and reduces feed intake in pigs. Increasing the dietary protein content may correct the reduced amino acid intake provoked by HS, but it may further increase BT. The effect of dietary protein level on BT of HS pigs was analyzed with nine ileal cannulated pigs (61.7 ± 2.5 kg body weight). A thermometer set to register BT at 5-min intervals was implanted into the ileum. There were two treatments: low-protein (10.8%) wheat-free-amino acid diet (LP); high-protein (21.6%), wheat-soybean-meal diet (HP). The study was conducted in two 10-d periods; in each period, d1 to d6 was for diet adaptation, d7 to d9 was for data analysis, and d10 for ileal sample collection. Pigs were fed at 0600 h (morning), 1400 h (midday), and 2200 h (evening), same amount each time. Following, the separate contribution of ambient temperature and thermal effect of feeding on the postprandial BT increment was analyzed in fed and fasted pigs. Ambient temperature ranged from 30.1 to 35.4 °C and relative humidity from 50% to 84%. Both ambient temperature and BT followed similar patterns. The BT of HP pigs after the morning and midday meals was higher (P &lt; 0.05) but size of the BT increments did not differ between HP and LP pigs. Midday and evening postprandial BT were higher than postprandial morning BT (P &lt; 0.05). The BT increment was larger and longer after the midday than after the morning and evening meals (P &lt; 0.05). The capacity of pigs to dissipate postprandial body heat depends on the accumulated thermal load received before their meals, because the thermal load before the morning meal was smaller than that before the evening meal. The estimated contribution of thermal effect of feeding (0.42 to 0.87 °C) on the total postprandial BT increment (0.69 to 1.53 °C) was larger (P &lt; 0.05) than that of ambient temperature (0.27 to 0.66 °C). In conclusion, these data indicate that the dietary protein level has a small effect on the BT of HS pigs regardless of feeding time. Also both the thermal effect of feeding and ambient temperature impact the BT of HS pigs, although the former had a stronger effect. This information may be useful to design better feeding strategies for pigs exposed to HS conditions.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Paulo, Rogério Beltramin da Fonseca, Gino Fernandes Marcos, Justiniano Wagner, Hiroito Cavada Leonardo, Leila Tigre Pereira Viana Cácia, and Alfredo Neto da Silva João. "Spatial distribution of adults and nymphs of stink bug, Edessa meditabunda (Fabricius, 1974) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) on soybean Bt and non-Bt." African Journal of Agricultural Research 12, no. 40 (2017): 3013–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajar2014.8723.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Trejo, Adriana Morales, Fernanda González, Hugo Bernal, Miguel Cervantes, Caroline Gonzalez-Vega, and John K. Htoo. "PSIX-26 Effect of supplemental Arg on respiration rate and body temperature of pigs exposed to heat stress." Journal of Animal Science 97, Supplement_3 (2019): 351. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz258.699.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Heat stress (HS) reduces feed intake and affects the well-being of pigs by increasing their body temperature (BT) and respiration rate (RR). Nitric oxide, an Arg metabolite, helps to dissipate body heat by stimulating blood vasodilation. Because reduced feed intake translates into decreased Arg consumption, the effect of supplementing Arg in the diet on BT and RR was analyzed using 8-ileal cannulated pigs (61.7±2.7 kg BW) exposed to HS. A thermometer set to register BT at 5-min intervals was implanted into the ileum. There were two treatments: control wheat-soybean meal plus free Lys-Thr diet (CON), and the CON diet added with 0.20% free Arg (ARG). The study was conducted in two-6 d periods; d1-d3 for diet adaptation and d4-d6 for BT data analysis. The RR (respirations per min - rpm) was measured in all pigs at 0600-h and 1600-h. Pigs were fed at 0700-h and 1900-h, 900 g/meal. Ambient temperature and relative humidity were: 28.2-to-34.6 °C, 53-to-82%, respectively. Ambient temperature and BT followed a similar pattern every day. There was no interaction in BT and RR between periods. Overall, BT of ARG pigs (40.75°C) was slightly lower (P &lt; 0.05) than in CON pigs (40.71°C). Arg supplementation greatly reduced RR (rpm) regardless of period and day time (P &lt; 0.05): overall (91, 73), period-1 (98, 78), period-2 (85, 68), 0600-h, (68, 52), 1600-h (115, 94), respectively. The RR at 0600-h (60) was lower than at 1400-h (109; P &lt; 0.05) regardless of diet. The reduced RR because of Arg supplementation may be explained as an increased synthesis of nitric oxide probably resulting in both increased vasodilation and dissipation of body heat. In conclusion, although supplemental Arg caused a modest decrease in BT, the large RR reduction may indicate that Arg might help to improve the welfare of HS pigs.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Marquardt, Paul T., and William G. Johnson. "Influence of Clethodim Application Timing on Control of Volunteer Corn in Soybean." Weed Technology 27, no. 4 (2013): 645–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-d-12-00188.1.

Full text

Abstract:

Herbicide options for management of volunteer corn in soybean include a variety of acetyl CoA carboxylase-inhibiting herbicides, yet often, applications of acetyl CoA carboxylase herbicides are delayed until the weed is visible above the soybean canopy. Volunteer corn growing above the soybean canopy is a highly competitive weed, and herbicides applied at this point can kill the weed, yet soybean yield loss is still a concern. Our objective was to compare the effect of controlling various densities of volunteer corn growing in soybean EARLY (≤ 30 cm) versus LATE (≈ 90 cm) on percent control and soybean yield. Seven volunteer corn densities (0, 0.5, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 16 plants m−2) were hand planted into 19-cm row soybean. Clethodim 79 g ai ha−1was tank-mixed with glyphosate at 840 g ae ha−1and applied to the volunteer corn EARLY and LATE. The EARLY application provided higher and less variable control of volunteer corn 14 d after treatment (DAT) compared to LATE applications at all volunteer corn densities. There was no difference in control at 28 DAT for both the EARLY and LATE applications. Soybean yield was not affected by either application timing. Although no yield reduction was seen with the LATE treatments, later-season applications of clethodim to control volunteer corn may offer more variable control and could allow for additional Bt selection pressure on targeted insect pests.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Santos, Vilmar Bueno Dos, Luciana Barboza Silva, Eliane Carneiro, et al. "Comparative Study of <i>Helicoverpa armigera</i> (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Preference for Bt and Non-Bt Soybean Cultivars." American Journal of Plant Sciences 08, no. 10 (2017): 2483–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ajps.2017.810169.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Aguilar-Palazuelos, Ernesto, José de Jesús Zazueta-Morales, Elizabeth Nabeshima Harumi, and Fernando Martínez-Bustos. "Optimization of extrusion process for production of nutritious pellets." Food Science and Technology 32, no. 1 (2012): 34–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0101-20612012005000005.

Full text

Abstract:

A blend of 50% Potato Starch (PS), 35% Quality Protein Maize (QPM), and 15% Soybean Meal (SM) were used in the preparation of expanded pellets utilizing a laboratory extruder with a 1.5 × 20.0 × 100.0 mm die-nozzle. The independent variables analyzed were Barrel Temperature (BT) (75-140 °C) and Feed Moisture (FM) (16-30%). The effect of extrusion variables was investigated in terms of Expansion Index (EI), apparent density (ApD), Penetration Force (PF) and Specific Mechanical Energy (SME), viscosity profiles, DSC, crystallinity by X-ray diffraction, and Scanning Electronic Microscopy (SEM). The PF decreased from 30 to 4 kgf with the increase of both independent variables (BT and FM). SME was affected only by FM, and decreased with the increase in this variable. The optimal region showed that the maximum EI was found for BT in the range of 123-140 °C and 27-31% for FM, respectively. The extruded pellets obtained from the optimal processing region were probably not completely degraded, as shown in the structural characterization. Acceptable expanded pellets could be produced using a blend of PS, QPM, and SM by extrusion cooking.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Beciu, Silviu, Toma Dinu, Mihaela Ghidurus, Raluca Ladaru, and Alexandru Calin. "Evolution of BT maize and HT soybean production and cost of coexistence in Romania." Journal of Biotechnology 208 (August 2015): S106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2015.06.333.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Akram, Muhammad Zeeshan, Sema Yaman, Hassan Jalal, Sibel Canoğulları Doğan, Sana Shahid, and Basit Shaukat Ali. "Effects of Feeding Genetically Modified Crops to Domestic Animals: A Review." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 7, sp1 (2019): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v7isp1.110-118.2773.

Full text

Abstract:

Genetically modified (GM) crops are being planted at large scale worldwide. In most of the countries, GM crops are processed into livestock feed. The land is used for cultivation of GM plants has been increased in recent years; in 2012 GM plants were grown on over 170 million hectares in 28 countries by 17.3 million farmers and extended to 185.1 million hectors in 2016 worldwide. GM plants have been used as feed for animals and the number of studies has proved their safety for animal and public health. This paper reviews the possible effects of GM crops on livestock, poultry, and aquatic animals by reviewing different type of studies, in which parameters such as performance, reproductive and health assessment were investigated. The most of peer-reviewed papers evaluating the effects of feeding animals with transgenic crops were based on GM plants with improved agronomic traits i.e. herbicide-tolerant plants and pets-tolerant plants; however, in some cases GM plants with boosted nutritional properties assessed. In most experiments, either Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) maize, Roundup Ready (RR) soybean or both fed to animals. Measurable differences in various parameters were mostly observed in Bt maize and soybean fed separately or simultaneously to animals. In this review, scientific studies showing the effects of the use of GM products in the nutrition of domestic animals on performance, health and reproductive parameters are investigated.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Smith, John F., Randall G. Luttrell, and Jeremy K. Greene. "Seasonal Abundance of Stink Bugs (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) and Other Polyphagous Species in a Multi-Crop Environment in South Arkansas." Journal of Entomological Science 43, no. 1 (2008): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-43.1.1.

Full text

Abstract:

A 3-yr study was conducted to determine seasonal abundance of major pentatomid, noctuid, and mirid pests in a multicrop environment in south Arkansas. Replicated field plots (~0.1 ha) containing cotton, Gossypium hirsutum (L.), genetically engineered to express the Cry 1Ac toxin of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), nonBt cotton, Bt corn, Zea mays (L.), genetically engineered to express the Cry 1Ab toxin of B. thuringiensis, nonBt corn, maturity group (MG) III, IV, V, and VI soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merrill, and grain sorghum, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, were planted each year. Crop preferences of 3 stink bug species [southern green stink bug, Nezara viridula (L.), green stink bug, Acrosternum hilare (Say), and brown stink bug, Euschistus servus (Say)] were recorded and observations also were made on the relative abundance of corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.), and tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beavois). Significantly higher densities of stink bugs were present in MG IV soybean than in all other crops in July and August during all 3 yrs of study. Densities of heliothines were significantly greater in grain sorghum and corn than in other crops during July. Tarnished plant bugs were most commonly observed in cotton. Preferences of these polyphagous pests for different crops at specific stages of phenological development appear to be predictable aspects of insect behavior that may be exploited in trap crops or other landscape management systems.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

White, C. A., B. R. Leonard, D. J. Boethel, J. D. Thomas, and A. T. Wier. "Soybean Looper Control in the Macon Ridge Region of Louisiana with Selected Bt Insecticides, 1993." Arthropod Management Tests 19, no. 1 (1994): 273. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/amt/19.1.273.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Coelho, M., A. F. Godoy, Y. A. Baptista, et al. "Assessing Soybean Genotypes for Resistance to Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)." Journal of Economic Entomology 113, no. 1 (2019): 471–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/toz269.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is an important pest capable of colonizing several species of cultivated plants, including soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill]. The primary management strategy for this insect is chemical control and adoption of Bt plants. However, alternative environmentally friendly strategies should be investigated and adopted as available for sustainable management of this insect pest. One potential underutilized method for insect control is plant resistance. The objective of this study was to categorize resistance (antixenosis and antibiosis) of 22 soybean genotypes on H. armigera in a laboratory setting. A preliminary experiment was conducted using soybean leaves and pods to determine the most promising genotypes for resistance. For each selected genotype, we collected biological parameters, leaf intake, and performed confinement tests. The genotypes PI 227687, PI 274453, PI 274454, PI 229358, PI 171451, ‘IAC 17’, and ‘IAC 19’ expressed resistance against H. armigera. Each genotype lowered larval survivorship. The genotypes PI 229358, PI 227687, PI 274453, and PI 274454 expressed resistance by prolonging larval development and reducing fifth-instar larvae weight. ‘IAC 19’ reduced leaf consumption and lowered the weight of fifth-instar larvae. Antixenosis was found in genotypes PI 227687, PI 274454, and ‘IAC 19’. These genotypes might be used in breeding programs focusing on soybean resistance to lepidopterans.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Marquardt, P., C. Krupke, and W. G. Johnson. "Competition of Transgenic Volunteer Corn with Soybean and the Effect on Western Corn Rootworm Emergence." Weed Science 60, no. 2 (2012): 193–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ws-d-11-00133.1.

Full text

Abstract:

Glyphosate-resistant (GR) volunteer corn has emerged as a problematic weed in corn:soybean rotational systems, partly because of the rapid increase in adoption of corn hybrids that contain traits for both glyphosate and insect resistance. Volunteer GR corn can decrease soybean yields. The objectives of this study were to quantify the impact of volunteer corn on soybean growth and yield and determine how volunteer corn densities affect western corn rootworm (WCR) emergence. Volunteer corn seed was hand-planted at targeted densities of 0.5, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 16 seeds m−2at soybean planting and 21 d after planting to evaluate both early- and late-emerging cohorts. WCR emergence was assessed with the use of field emergence traps placed over individual corn plants in the 0.5- and 16-plants-m−2plots in 2008 and 2009. In 2010, WCR emergence traps were also placed over individual and clumped volunteer corn plants at densities of two and eight plants m−2. Soybean yield reductions ranged from 10 to 41% where early-emerging volunteer corn densities ranged from 0.5 to 16 plants m−2. No soybean yield loss occurred with the late-emerging cohort of volunteer corn. Twice as many adult WCRs emerged from a single volunteer corn plant growing at densities of 8 and 16 plants m−2, compared with plots containing 0.5 and 2 plants m−2. These results demonstrate that controlling volunteer corn will not only prevent soybean yield loss, but also may reduce the risk of WCR larval survival after exposure to Bt (Bacillus thuringiensisBerliner derived) corn.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!