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Journal articles on the topic 'BTX-A'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Mortazavi, Bohayra, Fazel Shojaei, Masoud Shahrokhi, Timon Rabczuk, Alexander V. Shapeev, and Xiaoying Zhuang. "Electronic, Optical, Mechanical and Li-Ion Storage Properties of Novel Benzotrithiophene-Based Graphdiyne Monolayers Explored by First Principles and Machine Learning." Batteries 8, no. 10 (2022): 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/batteries8100194.

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Recently, benzotrithiophene graphdiyne (BTT-GDY), a novel two-dimensional (2D) carbon-based material, was grown via a bottom-up synthesis strategy. Using the BTT-GDY lattice and by replacing the S atoms with N, NH and O, we designed three novel GDY lattices, which we named BTHP-, BTP- and BTF-GDY, respectively. Next, we explored structural, electronic, mechanical, optical, photocatalytic and Li-ion storage properties, as well as carrier mobilities, of novel GDY monolayers. Phonon dispersion relations, mechanical and failure behavior were explored using the machine learning interatomic potentia

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2

Cardoso, Francisco. "Toxina botunílica tipo B no manejo de distonia não-responsiva a toxina botunílica tipo A." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 61, no. 3A (2003): 607–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-282x2003000400015.

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Injeção de toxina botulínica (BTX) é o tratamento de escolha para distonias focais. Contudo, 10% ou mais dos pacientes que recebem injeções repetitivas de BTX tipo A (BTX-A) perdem resposta (não-respondedores secundários). Uma das estratégias para o manuseio destes pacientes é tratá-los com outros serotipos de BTX. O objetivo deste artigo é descrever minha experiência com BTX tipo B (BTX-B) no manejo de pacientes com distonia focal não-respondedores secundários a BTX-A. MÉTODO: Uso aberto e não controlado de injeções de BTX-B para tratar pacientes com distonia não-respondedores secundários a B

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Evers, Stefan, Alexandra Buchheister, Doris Reichelt, Ingo W. Husstedt, and Achim Frese. "Botulinum Toxin A Treatment in HIV Infected Patients—A Long-Term Observational Study." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 8 (2022): 2197. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11082197.

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Objective: It is unknown whether interactions between HIV infection and the safety of botulinum toxin A (BTX) exist. Methods: We studied eight patients with HIV infection who were treated with BTX every three months for up to nine years. All patients were on antiretroviral treatment. The efficacy and safety of BTX were evaluated. Results: Indications for BTX treatment (including off-label use), dosage of BTX, and frequency of application did not differ as compared to non-HIV infected patients. BTX treatment was effective in all HIV infected patients during a long-term observation period withou

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Niu, Ellen F., Geoffrey M. Kozak, Phoebe B. McAuliffe, et al. "Preoperative Botulinum Toxin for Abdominal Wall Reconstruction in Massive Hernia Defects—A Propensity-Matched Analysis." Annals of Plastic Surgery 90, no. 6S (2023): S543—S546. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/sap.0000000000003488.

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Purpose Reconstruction of massive incisional hernias (IHs) poses a significant challenge with high rates of recurrence. Preoperative chemodenervation using botulinum toxin (BTX) injections in the abdominal wall is a technique that has been used to facilitate primary fascial closure. However, there is limited data directly comparing primary fascial closure rates and postoperative outcomes after hernia repair between patients who do and do not receive preoperative BTX injections. The objective of our study was to compare the outcomes of patients who did and did not receive BTX injections before

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Yeh, Ting-Chun, Po-Cheng Chen, Yann-Rong Su, and Hann-Chorng Kuo. "Effect of Botulinum Toxin A on Bladder Pain—Molecular Evidence and Animal Studies." Toxins 12, no. 2 (2020): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins12020098.

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Botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) is a powerful neurotoxin with long-lasting activity that blocks muscle contractions. In addition to effects on neuromuscular junctions, BTX-A also plays a role in sensory feedback loops, suggesting the potentiality for pain relief. Although the only approved indications for BTX-A in the bladder are neurogenic detrusor overactivity and refractory overactive bladder, BTX-A injections to treat bladder pain refractory to conventional therapies are also recommended. The mechanism of BTX-A activity in bladder pain is complex, with several hypotheses proposed in recent studi

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Ramesh Belgundkar, Ms Netra, Ms Aishwarya Ajayakumar, and Dr Udaybhan Yadav. "A Green Approach for Microbial- Enhanced Bioremediation of BTEX Contaminated Soils." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 09, no. 07 (2025): 1–8. https://doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem51277.

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BTEX compounds benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene are persistent and toxic petroleum hydrocarbons that pose serious risks to both environmental and human health. This study presents a sustainable microbial- enhanced bioremediation approach focused on the isolation and characterization of indigenous bacterial strains from hydrocarbon-contaminated soils in Mumbai. Strain N04, identified through enrichment in Bushnell-Haas medium with BTEX as the sole carbon source, demonstrated broad-spectrum degradation capacity for benzene, toluene, and xylene (BTX). Its degradation efficiency was conf

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Vojnović, Đorđe, Ivana Maksimović, Aleksandra Tepić Horecki, et al. "Biostimulants Improve Bulb Yield, Concomitantly Affecting the Total Phenolics, Flavonoids, and Antioxidant Capacity of Onion (Allium cepa)." Horticulturae 10, no. 4 (2024): 391. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10040391.

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In the pursuit of maximizing onion (Allium cepa) yield and quality, farmers often face the challenges of unfavorable ecological conditions and inadequate agronomic practices. Therefore, our two-year study investigated the effects of biostimulants (BTs) of plant growth on bulb yield and the bioactive compounds of directly seeded onion. Four treatments were applied: control (C), seaweed extracts (BT1), humic and fulvic acid (BT2), and Trichoderma spp. (BT3). The results demonstrated a significant increase in bulb yield with BT1 (↑ 18.7%), BT2 (↑ 18.0%), and BT3 (↑ 24.3%). Intriguingly, all BTs m

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Lee, Junhee, and Seung Nam Yang. "Effectiveness of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy after Botulinum Toxin Injection for Post-Stroke Upper Extremity Spasticity: A Randomized Controlled Study." Toxins 16, no. 4 (2024): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins16040197.

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Post-stroke spasticity is a common complication that limits the functional performance of patients. Botulinum toxin (BTx) is an effective treatment for spasticity. Numerous researchers have applied extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) to address post-stroke spasticity, yielding positive clinical outcomes. We aimed to clarify the add-on effects of ESWT on BTx therapy for spasticity in patients with post-stroke. Sixteen eligible patients with upper extremity spasticity after stroke were recruited for this study. They were randomized to either a BTx with focused ESWT treatment group or a BTx

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Hefter, H. "Botulinumtoxintherapie." Nervenheilkunde 34, no. 10 (2015): 791–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1627634.

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ZusammenfassungBotulinumtoxin-A (BTX-A) weist ein enorm breites Indikationsspektrum auf. In den vergangenen Jahren wurde BTX-A auch für die Behandlung der chronischen Migräne und des spastischen Spitzfußes zugelassen. BTX-A kann also vom Kopf bis zum Fuß angewendet werden. Erstaunlicherweise sprechen sogar Symptome wie die Depression auf die äußerliche Anwendung von BTX-A an. Das Spektrum der Symptome, auf die BTX eine Wirkung zeigt, ist noch sehr viel breiter als das Spektrum der zugelassenen Indikationen. Je mehr aber BTX-A angewendet wird, desto wichtiger ist es, Immunität gegen BTX zu verm

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Fathi, Mohamed, Ahmed S. Hussein, Shrouk M.Elghazaly, et al. "Effect of Botulinum Toxin on Equinus Foot Deformity in Cerebral Palsy Patients: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis." Current Pharmaceutical Design 26, no. 37 (2020): 4796–807. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612826666200518105633.

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Background: Cerebral palsy (CP) is a brain disorder that affects the development, movement and posture leading to limitation of Range of Movement (ROM) in the growing children. CP leads to deformities such as equinus foot deformity. We aim to investigate the efficacy of different botulinum toxin (BTX) products with or without serial casting in reducing the muscle spasticity in equinus foot deformity in patients with CP. Methods: A systematic review of the literature was performed by searching different electronic databases. Pub- Med, Scopus, Web of Science (WOS), and GHL databases were used. W

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Pedreira, Glícia, Eduardo Cardoso, and Ailton Melo. "Botulinum toxin type A for refractory post-stroke shoulder pain." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 66, no. 2a (2008): 213–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-282x2008000200014.

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Botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) has been used to treat several neurological conditions such as sialorrhea, hyperhydrosis, dystonia, hemifacial spasm, spasticity and pain. Although spasticity has been successfully treated with BTX-A, few are the authors studying the use of BTX-A to treat shoulder pain secondary to stroke. In order to study if BTX-A is effective to treat post-stroke shoulder pain, we followed up during 4 months 16 patients with sustained shoulder pain. Patients received BTX-A according to previous discussion with the rehabilitation group to determine the muscles and dose to be in

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Aivaz, Ohara, Jessica Rayhanabad, Vincent Nguyen, Philip I. Haigh, and Maher Abbas. "Botulinum Toxin A with Fissurectomy is a Viable Alternative to Lateral Internal Sphincterotomy for Chronic Anal Fissure." American Surgeon 75, no. 10 (2009): 925–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000313480907501013.

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Lateral internal sphincterotomy (LIS) is the gold standard surgical treatment for anal fissure. However, it carries potential complications, including fecal incontinence. The goal of this retrospective study was to compare the outcome of botulinum toxin A injection coupled with fissurectomy ([BTX + FIS) versus LIS. There were 59 patients who underwent BTX + FIS or LIS over a 5-year period. LIS was performed in the standard fashion without fissurectomy. BTX + FIS entailed internal sphincter injection with 80 units of botulinum toxin A coupled with fissurectomy. Forty patients underwent LIS and

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Shi, Nian, Yingjun Su, Shuzhong Guo, Zhaoxiang Zhang, Lihong Qiu, and Chenggang Yi. "Improving the Retention Rate of Fat Grafts in Recipient Areas via Botulinum Toxin A Treatment." Aesthetic Surgery Journal 39, no. 12 (2019): 1436–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/asj/sjz073.

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Abstract Background Improving the retention rate of transplanted fat is, currently, of great concern. Partial immobilization, angiogenesis, and adipose tissue-derived stem cells, all proven to be influenced by botulinum toxin A (BTX-A), are significant in fat graft retention. Objectives The authors sought to determine the impact of BTX-A on fat grafts. Methods Our study included 12 Sprague Dawley rats and each rat’s hind limbs were randomly designated as the BTX-A side and control side. We injected 0.2 mL of BTX-A-treated fat into the quadriceps femoris and subcutaneous space of the BTX-A side

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Kaya Keles, Cemre Su, Zeynep D. Akdeniz Dogan, and Can A. Yucesoy. "Development and Preclinical Testing of a Novel Neurodenervant in the Rat: C3 Transferase Mitigates Botulinum Toxin’s Adverse Effects on Muscle Mechanics." Toxins 17, no. 5 (2025): 234. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins17050234.

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Spasticity, characterized by elevated muscle tone, is commonly managed with botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A). However, BTX-A can paradoxically increase passive muscle forces, narrow muscles’ length range of force exertion (lrange), and elevate extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness. C3 transferase, known to inhibit myofibroblast and fascial tissue contractility, may counteract ECM stiffening. This study investigated whether combining BTX-A with C3 transferase reduces active forces without altering passive forces or lrange. Additionally, we examined the isolated effects of C3 transferase on muscle

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Wang, Sho-Ya, and Ging Kuo Wang. "Single rat muscle Na+ channel mutation confers batrachotoxin autoresistance found in poison-dart frog Phyllobates terribilis." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 39 (2017): 10491–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1707873114.

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Poison-dart Phyllobates terribilis frogs sequester lethal amounts of steroidal alkaloid batrachotoxin (BTX) in their skin as a defense mechanism against predators. BTX targets voltage-gated Na+ channels and enables them to open persistently. How BTX autoresistance arises in such frogs remains a mystery. The BTX receptor has been delineated along the Na+ channel inner cavity, which is formed jointly by four S6 transmembrane segments from domains D1 to D4. Within the P. terribilis muscle Na+ channel, five amino acid (AA) substitutions have been identified at D1/S6 and D4/S6. We therefore investi

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Panunzio, Andrea, Alessandro Tafuri, Giovanni Mazzucato, et al. "Botulinum Toxin-A Injection in Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome Treatment: A Systematic Review and Pooled Meta-Analysis." Toxins 14, no. 1 (2022): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins14010025.

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Introduction: Pain management of patients with chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS) is challenging, because pain is often refractory to conventional treatments. Botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for these patients. The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the role of BTX-A in CPPS treatment. Methods: We reviewed the literature for prospective studies evaluating the use of BTX-A in the treatment of CPPS. A comprehensive search in the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases was performed from E

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Sipp, J. Andrew, Kennan E. Haver, Bruce J. Masek, and Christopher J. Hartnick. "Botulinum Toxin A: A Novel Adjunct Treatment for Debilitating Habit Cough in Children." Ear, Nose & Throat Journal 86, no. 9 (2007): 570–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014556130708600914.

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Vocal fold injection with botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) may be used as an adjunct treatment for habit cough in children. We conducted a retrospective review of 3 cases involving children aged 11 to 13 years with habit cough treated with vocal fold injection of BTX-A. Injections of BTX-A to the thyroarytenoid muscles were effective in breaking the cough cycle in all 3 children. Their coughs recurred but were controlled with 4 to 8 sessions of behavioral therapy. Behavioral therapy remains the first-line treatment, but BTX-A may be a useful complement to behavioral therapy in patients who fail

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Nahm, Francis Sahngun. "Lumbar Sympathetic Block with Botulinum Toxin Type B for Complex Regional Pain Syndrome: A Case Study." Pain Physician 5;18, no. 5;9 (2015): E911—E916. http://dx.doi.org/10.36076/ppj.2015/18/e911.

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Lumbar sympathetic block (LSB) is an effective method for relief of sympathetically mediated pain in the lower extremities. To prolong the sympathetic blockade, sympathetic destruction with alcohol or radiofrequency has been used. The preganglionic sympathetic nerves are cholinergic, and botulinum toxin (BTX) has been found to inhibit the release of acetylcholine at the cholinergic nerve terminals. Moreover, BTX type B (BTX-B) is more convenient to use than BTX type A. Based on these findings, we performed LSB on the 2 patients with complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) in the lower extremity.

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Majeski, Hannah, Kirti Chahal, Akinori Okano, et al. "Abstract 5702: BTX-9341, a bifunctional degrader of CDK4 and CDK6 for glioblastoma multiforme." Cancer Research 84, no. 6_Supplement (2024): 5702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2024-5702.

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Abstract Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive form of brain cancer with limited treatment options. GBM has a high frequency of dysregulation of the CDKN2A-cyclin D-CDK4/CDK6 signaling node and should subsequently be sensitive to CDK4/6 inhibition. Despite this, the CDK4/6 inhibitors that are approved for HR+/HER2- breast cancer have shown limited efficacy in GBM due to poor blood brain barrier (BBB) penetration. BTX-9341 is a Cereblon (CRBN) mediated CDK4/6 bifunctional degrader that we have developed for HR+/HER2- breast cancer. This degrader shows good exposure in brain tissues wit

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Duan, Qiuyan, Junhua Li, Chen Song, Xiuqing Gong, Ruipeng Li та Peng Zhou. "Botulinum Toxin Type A Alleviates Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia by Regulating Progression of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition via Inhibition of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α". Journal of Biomedical Nanotechnology 19, № 1 (2023): 75–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jbn.2023.3496.

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This study proposes to explore the impact of BTX-A on BPD and the functional mechanism. In this study, RWPE-1 cells were stimulated with 10 ng/mL DHT, followed by treatment with 5, 10, and 20 U/mL BTX-A for 24 h. Significantly increased cell viability, repressed apoptosis, upregulated Vimentin, N-cadherin, and FN, and downregulated E-cadherin were observed in DHT-stimulated RWPE-1 cells, which were drastically rescued by BTX-A treatment. A BPH rat model was established, followed by treatment with 20, 60, and 100 U/mL BTX-A. An increased PW/BW ratio, elevated serum DHT levels, severe pathologic

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Hassanpour, Seyed Esmail, Mohammadreza Tarahomi, and Amir Daryani. "Thrombosis Prevention with Botulinum Toxin A after Traumatic Crush Injury in a Rat Model." Journal of Reconstructive Microsurgery 34, no. 03 (2017): 206–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1607437.

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Background Revascularized digits may fail because of vessel thrombosis. The current study aimed to develop a standard model for crush injury in the rat femoral artery to evaluate the antithrombotic effect of perivascular botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) injection. Methods We explored bilateral femoral arteries of 10 rats using a microscopic technique. The crush injury was reproduced using a bulldog clamp. One randomly chosen leg of each rat was injected with BTX-A. The other side received normal saline as its own control. After 24 hours, the femoral arteries were ligated distal to the trauma site and

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Wang, Xuesheng, Zhonghan Zhou, and Limin Liao. "The Comparative Effectiveness of Botulinum Toxin-A Injection Therapy Versus Augmentation Uretero-Enterocystoplasty for the Treatment of Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction." International Neurourology Journal 27, no. 1 (2023): 36–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5213/inj.2244220.110.

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Purpose: We investigated the effectiveness of intravesical botulinum toxin-A (BTX-A) injection therapy in patients with lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD) and upper urinary tract (UUT) deterioration and evaluated whether BTX-A injection therapy could substitute for augmentation uretero-enterocystoplasty (AUEC).Methods: Data from a prospective, single-center cohort from 2017–2021 were analyzed. Patients were divided into 2 treatment groups: AUEC and BTX-A (i.e., patients who declined AUEC). Bladder and UUT functions were assessed by comparing clinical information, urodynamic data, laborator

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Gartenberg, Ariella. "The Use of Botulinum Toxin-A Injection in Medicine and Orthopaedic Surgery." Journal of Orthopedics & Bone Disorders 8, no. 1 (2024): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/jobd-16000254.

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Study Design: Literature Review Background: Botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) targets specific muscle groups to block the release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction and, therefore, reduce muscular activation. Through weaking of muscle activity, BTX-A injections have become widely used for cosmetic purposes, as well as the treatment of various neuromuscular disorders including strabismus, movement disorders, and overactive bladder syndrome. Objective: To review the history of BTX-A injections, as well as discuss its current and future cosmetic, medical, and surgical applications. Methods: A

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Ali, DM, WY Abdelzaher, and SMN Abdel-Hafez. "Evaluation of the rivastigmine role against botulinum toxin-A-induced osteoporosis in albino rats: A biochemical, histological, and immunohistochemical study." Human & Experimental Toxicology 37, no. 12 (2018): 1323–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0960327118774941.

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The present study aimed to evaluate the role of rivastigmine against the effect of a single unilateral botulinum toxin-A (BTX-A) injection on the bone and bone marrow of adult albino rats 4 weeks after injection. Twenty-four Wistar albino rats were divided into four equal groups: group I, which received distilled water; group II, which received rivastigmine (0.3 mg/kg daily, intraperitoneally for 4 weeks); group III, which received BTX-A (4 IU in 0.2 mL physiological saline) single dose, intramuscularly; and group IV, which received BTX-A + rivastigmine. The results revealed that BTX-A induced

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Pike, Ashton Hideki, Peter Zvara, Marijana Rincic Antulov, et al. "Intramural Injection of Botulinum Toxin A in Surgical Treatment of a Long Gap Esophageal Atresia—Rat Model." European Journal of Pediatric Surgery 30, no. 06 (2019): 517–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-3400285.

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Abstract Introduction Anastomosis with minimal tension is desirable in long-gap esophageal atresia. Prior studies in piglets showed that intraesophageal injection of botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) results in significant esophageal elongation. Our aim was to determine the BTX-A dose, number of injections, and time necessary to elicit maximal response. Materials and Methods Adult male Wistar rats (n = 48) were randomly assorted into five groups. Four treatment groups received 2 or 4 U/kg of BTX-A, delivered using two or four injections, and a control group received 0.9% NaCl. Esophagus was remov

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Cibulskaitė, Robertina, Ugnė Janonytė, and Gediminas Samulėnas. "TERAPINĖS BOTULINO NEUROTOKSINO A PANAUDOJIMO GALIMYBĖS." Health Sciences 34, no. 1 (2024): 74–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.35988/sm-hs.2024.020.

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Tikslas. Apžvelgti mokslinėje literatūroje aprašomas nekosmetines botulino neurotoksino A (BTX-A) panaudojimo galimybes, efektyvumą ir taikymą klinikinėje praktikoje. Metodai. Literatūros apžvalga. Straipsnių atrankai buvo naudojama tarptautinė medicinos duomenų bazė PubMed. Straipsniai buvo atrinkti naudojant raktažodžius anglų kalba: botulinum neurotoxin, BTX, idiopathic hyperhidrosis, alopecia, rosacea, atopic dermatitis, pruritus (botulino neurotoksinas, BTX, idiopatinė hiperhidrozė, alopecija, rožinė, atopinis dermatitas, pruritas) ir išanalizuoti, siekiant įvertinti aktualiausią medž

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Val, Matteo, Robert Delcanho, Marco Ferrari, Luca Guarda Nardini, and Daniele Manfredini. "Is Botulinum Toxin Effective in Treating Orofacial Neuropathic Pain Disorders? A Systematic Review." Toxins 15, no. 9 (2023): 541. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins15090541.

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Background: The aim of this paper is to provide a systematic review of the literature regarding the clinical use of botulinum toxin (BTX) to treat various orofacial neuropathic pain disorders (NP). Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted using Medline, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library databases. Only randomized clinical trials (RCT) published between 2003 and the end of June 2023, investigating the use of BTX to treat NP, were selected. PICO guidelines were used to select and tabulate the articles. Results: A total of 6 RCTs were selected. Five articles used BTX inject

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Shen, Huihui, Xiuxian Song, Yue Zhang, et al. "Profiling of Brevetoxin Metabolites Produced by Karenia brevis 165 Based on Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry." Toxins 13, no. 5 (2021): 354. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins13050354.

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In this study, Karenia brevis 165 (K. brevis 165), a Chinese strain, was used to research brevetoxin (BTX) metabolites. The sample pretreatment method for the enrichment of BTX metabolites in an algal culture medium was improved here. The method for screening and identifying intracellular and extracellular BTX metabolites was established based on liquid chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-ToF-MS) and liquid chromatography triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (LC-QqQ-MS/MS). The results show that the recovery rates for BTX toxins enriched by a hydrophilic–lipophilic balanc

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Ondo, WG, KD Vuong, and HS Derman. "Botulinum Toxin a for Chronic Daily Headache: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel Design Study." Cephalalgia 24, no. 1 (2004): 60–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2982.2004.00641.x.

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Sixty patients with headaches of more than 15 days per month were recruited for this double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel study of botulinum toxin type A (BTX) for chronic tension type and chronic migraine headaches. The primary efficacy point was the number of headache-free days as assessed by diary for 12 weeks after BTX injection. Secondary efficacy points included global impressions, the use of abortive headache medications, and palpation. After recruitment, subjects kept diaries for 4 weeks prior to randomization, at which time they received either 200 U of BTX or matching placebo a

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Gkioka, Eleni, Vasileia Skeparnia, Ioanna Tsairidou, Athina Bakopoulou, and Maria Kokoti. "Botulinum toxin a as a treatment for temporomandibular disorders: A systematic review." Balkan Journal of Dental Medicine 28, no. 3 (2024): 172–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/bjdm2403172g.

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Background/Aim: This systematic review assesses the efficacy of botulinum toxin (BTX) injections in managing temporomandibular disorders (TMD), myofascial pain, and bruxism. Material and Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, a literature search was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar, focusing on clinical studies from 2000 to 2024 involving intramuscular BTX administration for TMD in adults. Inclusion criteria targeted clinical studies, while reviews, case reports, and laboratory studies were excluded. A total of 47 clinical studies were reviewed, and outcomes were summarized and analyze

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ASFUROĞLU, Zeynel Mert, Kemal Gökhan GÜNEL, and Hakan ÖMEROĞLU. "Spastik tip serebral palside açık addüktör tenotomi ve addüktör kas botulinum toksin-A enjeksiyonunun kalça eklemi instabilitesine etkileri." Cukurova Medical Journal 47, no. 2 (2022): 511–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17826/cumj.1002995.

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Amaç: Bu çalışmada Spastik tip serebral palsi (SP) tanılı hastalarda kalça instabilitesi nedeniyle açık addüktör tenotomi (AT) yapılanlar ile addüktör kaslara Botulinum toksin-A (BTX-A) enjeksiyonu yapılanların klinik ve radyolojik sonuçlarının değerlendirilmesi ve karşılaştırılması amaçlanmıştır.  Gereç ve Yöntem: Hem AT grubunda hem de BTX-A grubunda kalça ve diz eklemleri tam ekstansiyonda iken maksimum kalça abdüksiyon açısı (MKAA) ölçüldü. MKAA’nın işlem öncesi değerleri ile son klinik muayenede elde edilen değerleri karşılaştırıldı. Bu ölçüme ek olarak AT grubunda kalça radyografil

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Laorpipat, Sasi, Pornpoj Fuangtharnthip, Suraphong Yuma, and Chanita Tantipoj. "Attitude of Thai Dental Practitioners towards the Use of Botulinum Toxin in Dentistry." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 3 (2022): 1878. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031878.

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This study aims to investigate the attitude of Thai dentists towards the use of botulinum toxin (BTX) in dentistry and the associated factors. An online survey was conducted using a semi-structured questionnaire consisting of four parts: demographic data, background knowledge, attitude, and an open-ended question for further suggestions related to BTX usage in dental patients. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze factors that affect the decision to use BTX in dentistry, and a content analysis approach was used to describe open-ended suggestion data. We received 444 responses fr

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Lee, Hsiang-Ying, and Hann-Chorng Kuo. "Intravesical Injection of Botulinum Toxin Type A in Men without Bladder Outlet Obstruction and Post-Deobstructive Prostate Surgery." Toxins 15, no. 3 (2023): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins15030221.

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Purpose: A significant proportion of men without bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) have been reported to have overactive bladders (OAB). This article aimed to review the specific group of reports on the use of botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) injections into the bladder wall. Materials and methods: Original articles reporting men with small prostates without BOO were identified through a literature search using the PubMed and EMBASE databases. Finally, we included 18 articles that reviewed the efficacy and adverse effects of BTX-A injections in men. Results: Of the 18 articles screened, 13 demons

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Briskin, Rebeccah S., Patrick Etta, Ali M. Luck, Samantha Raffee, and Humphrey O. Atiemo. "Comparison of Urinary Tract Infection Incidence Following Intradetrusor OnabotulinumtoxinA in Office Versus Operating Room Settings." Urogynecology 28, no. 12 (2022): 842–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/spv.0000000000001236.

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Importance Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a known complication of intradetrusor onabotulinumtoxinA (BTX) injection. However, whether administering intradetrusor BTX in different clinical settings affects the risk of postprocedural UTI has not been investigated. Objectives The objective of this study was to assess differences in the incidence of postprocedural UTI in women who received intradetrusor BTX in an outpatient office versus an operating room (OR). Study Design We performed a retrospective chart review of intradetrusor BTX procedures at a single institution between 2013 and 2020. Dem

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Kula, Asl, Zeliha ne, and Vildan zel. "Effects of delay in botulinum toxin treatment on patients with hyperkinetic facial disorders." Annals of Medical Research 30, no. 12 (2023): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/annalsmedres.2023.09.262.

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Objective: Hyperkinetic facial disorders include Benign Essential Blepharospasm (BEB) and Hemifacial Spasm (HFS), which involve involuntary facial muscle contractions. Botulinum toxin (BTX) is essential for relieving symptoms. The Coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) pandemic-related restrictions have led to delays in receiving BTX treatment. This study aims to assess the impact of BTX treatment delays of affected patients. Materials and Methods: This study retrospectively examined the data of 84 patients (68 HFS and 16 BEB) whose BTX appointments were delayed due to COVID-19 restrictions. Patient status

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Lepiarczyk, E., A. Bossowska, J. Kaleczyc, and M. Majewski. "The influence of botulinum toxin type A (BTX) on the immunohistochemical characteristics of noradrenergic and cholinergic nerve fibers supplying the porcine urinary bladder wall." Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences 14, no. 2 (2011): 181–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10181-011-0028-5.

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The influence of botulinum toxin type A (BTX) on the immunohistochemical characteristics of noradrenergic and cholinergic nerve fibers supplying the porcine urinary bladder wall Botulinum toxin (BTX) belongs to a family of neurotoxins which strongly influence the function of autonomic neurons supplying the urinary bladder. Accordingly, BTX has been used as an effective drug in experimental therapies of a range of neurogenic bladder disorders. However, there is no detailed information dealing with the influence of BTX on the morphological and chemical properties of nerve fibres supplying the ur

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Blitzer, Andrew. "Botulinum Toxin A and B: A Comparative Dosing Study for Spasmodic Dysphonia." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 133, no. 6 (2005): 836–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.otohns.2005.09.008.

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OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to find the conversion factor, safety, and efficacy of type A to type B toxin for laryngeal muscles. METHODS: Thirty-two patients with adductor spasmodic dysphonia with stable doses of A toxin to manage their symptom were given type B toxin starting at a conversion of 1 Uof BTX-A to 50 U of BTX-B. The patients were followed for 1 year, and doses adjusted according to response. RESULTS: The conversion factor was found to be 52.3 U:1 U. The onset of action of type B was more rapid (2.09 days vs 3.2 days [ P = 0.028]), with a shorter duration of benefit (1

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Han, Woo Yeon, Young Soon Lee, and Hyun Ho Han. "The Efficacy of Botulinum Toxin A Injection for Gastrocnemius Hypertrophy: A Prospective, Randomized, Double-blinded Controlled Trial." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery - Global Open 12, no. 5 (2024): e5813. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/gox.0000000000005813.

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Background: Many individuals hold an interest in aesthetic appeal, with one aspect of physical attractiveness being the alluring contour of the lower leg. Utilizing botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) injections offers several advantages, including a short procedure time, low pain, and a speedy recovery. With a demand for high-level evidence regarding the effectiveness of BTX-A injections for correction of lower leg contour, we evaluated the safety and efficacy of BTX-A injection for improvement of gastrocnemius muscle hypertrophy. Methods: We conducted a prospective, randomized, and controlled clinical

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Patnaik, Amita, Danette Powell, Aparajita H. Chourasia, et al. "Abstract P4-08-17: First-in-human Phase 1 study of BTX-9341, a first-in-class, CDK4/6 bifunctional degrader, as a monotherapy and in combination with fulvestrant in patients with advanced and/or metastatic HR+/HER2- breast cancer." Clinical Cancer Research 31, no. 12_Supplement (2025): P4–08–17—P4–08–17. https://doi.org/10.1158/1557-3265.sabcs24-p4-08-17.

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Abstract Background: BTX-9341 is a first-in-class, oral bifunctional degrader of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) and cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (CDK6), both clinically validated cell cycle targets in hormone receptor (HR)-positive (+)/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative (-) breast cancer. Preclinical data highlight the superiority of BTX-9341compared to CDK4/6 inhibitors in terms of robust inhibition of retinoblastoma (RB) phosphorylation and CDK2 and Cyclin E transcription, cell cycle arrest, in vivo efficacy in breast cancer xenografts and, ultimately, in the ability to

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Hu, Liang, Ya Feng, Wuchao Liu, Lingjing Jin, and Zhiyu Nie. "Botulinum toxin type A suppresses arterial vasoconstriction by regulating calcium sensitization and the endothelium-dependent endothelial nitric oxide synthase/soluble guanylyl cyclase/cyclic guanosine monophosphate pathway: An in vitro study." Experimental Biology and Medicine 244, no. 16 (2019): 1475–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1535370219878143.

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Botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) is a potent neurotoxin that causes relaxation of striated muscle by inhibiting the release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction. Some studies have suggested that BTX-A treatment for Raynaud syndrome is safe and effective with few adverse reactions. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In the present study, we used both arterial rings isolated from rabbits and human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1) to evaluate the mechanism underlying the effects of BTX-A on arterial vasoconstriction induced by 5-hydroxytryptamine. The roles of calc

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Servelhere, Katiane R., Ingrid Faber, Alberto Martinez, et al. "Botulinum toxin for hereditary spastic paraplegia: effects on motor and non-motor manifestations." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 76, no. 3 (2018): 183–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0004-282x20180013.

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ABSTRACT Motor and non-motor manifestations are common and disabling features of hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP). Botulinum toxin type A (Btx-A) is considered effective for spasticity and may improve gait in these patients. Little is known about the effects of Btx-A on non-motor symptoms in HSP patients. Objective To assess the efficacy of Btx-A on motor and non-motor manifestations in HSP patients. Methods Thirty-three adult patients with a clinical and molecular diagnosis of HSP were evaluated before and after Btx-A injections. Results Mean age was 41.7 ± 13.6 years and there were 18 wom

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Finol-Urdaneta, Rocio K., Jeffrey R. McArthur, Marcel P. Goldschen-Ohm, et al. "Batrachotoxin acts as a stent to hold open homotetrameric prokaryotic voltage-gated sodium channels." Journal of General Physiology 151, no. 2 (2018): 186–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.201812278.

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Batrachotoxin (BTX), an alkaloid from skin secretions of dendrobatid frogs, causes paralysis and death by facilitating activation and inhibiting deactivation of eukaryotic voltage-gated sodium (Nav) channels, which underlie action potentials in nerve, muscle, and heart. A full understanding of the mechanism by which BTX modifies eukaryotic Nav gating awaits determination of high-resolution structures of functional toxin–channel complexes. Here, we investigate the action of BTX on the homotetrameric prokaryotic Nav channels NaChBac and NavSp1. By combining mutational analysis and whole-cell pat

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Alam, Muneeb, Sarah Alshammari, Saif Alobaisi, and Shatha Alfreihi. "Evaluation of the efficacy of botulinum toxin injection for the treatment of infantile esotropia." Saudi Journal of Ophthalmology 37, no. 2 (2023): 107–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/sjopt.sjopt_36_22.

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PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the outcomes and complications of botulinum toxin injection (BTX) as the primary treatment of infantile esotropia (IET). METHODS: We included patients with IET who underwent BTX from 2015 to 2020. IET was defined as esotropia present before 12 months of age, with no significant refractive error, or limitation of rotations. We defined success as a postoperative angle of 0–10 prism diopters (PD). RESULTS: Sixty-three patients met our inclusion criteria (38 male patients [60.3%]). The mean age was 18 ± 8 months (range: 10–26), onset 6 ± 4 mont

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Intiso, Domenico, Valentina Simone, Michelangelo Bartolo, et al. "High Dosage of Botulinum Toxin Type A in Adult Subjects with Spasticity Following Acquired Central Nervous System Damage: Where Are We at?" Toxins 12, no. 5 (2020): 315. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins12050315.

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Spasticity is a common disabling disorder in adult subjects suffering from stroke, brain injury, multiple sclerosis (MS) and spinal cord injury (SCI). Spasticity may be a disabling symptom in people during rehabilitation and botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) has become the first-line therapy for the local form. High BTX-A doses are often used in clinical practice. Advantages and limitations are debated and the evidence is unclear. Therefore, we analysed the efficacy, safety and evidence for BTX-A high doses. Studies published from January 1989 to February 2020 were retrieved from MEDLINE/PubMed,

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da Costa, Adilson, Elisangela Samartin Pegas Pereira, Margareth de Oliveira Pereira, et al. "Six-Month Comparative Analysis Monitoring the Progression of the Largest Diameter of the Sweating Inhibition Halo of Different Botulinum Toxins Type-A." Aesthetic Surgery Journal 39, no. 9 (2018): 993–1004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/asj/sjy207.

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Abstract Background Excessive sweating is a clinical condition that can be improved with type-A botulinum toxin (BTX-A). Objectives To evaluate and compare the largest diameter of sweating inhibition halo (SIH) of 5 different commercially available BTX-A, in five different doses, in a 6-month-long clinical evaluation. Methods Twenty-five adult female volunteers were injected in the dorsal trunk area with both 100 units (100UI) and 500 units (500UI) BTX-A products, reconstituted in a ratio of 1:2.5 IU, respectively. Products were applied in five different concentrations (1:2.5U, 2:5U, 3:7.5U, 4

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Jaekel, Anke K., Ann-Christin Brüggemann, John Bitter, Franziska Knappe, Ruth Kirschner-Hermanns, and Stephanie C. Knüpfer. "The Effects of Botulinum Toxin A Injections on Patients with Radiogenic Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms." Toxins 17, no. 4 (2025): 200. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins17040200.

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Botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) injection into the detrusor vesicae is an established therapy for neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction as well as idiopathic overactive bladder. Pelvic radiotherapy causes comparable lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in a third of radiated patients. Little is known about the effects of BTX-A injections into the detrusor vesicae in the management of radiogenic LUTS. Our aim was to assess the effect of BTX A injections on these symptoms and related quality of life. Material and Methods: In total, 28 patients with BTX-A injections for radiogenic LUTS were assesse

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Hou, Yi-Ping, Yong-Ping Zhang, Yan-Feng Song, Chun-Min Zhu, Yin-Chun Wang, and Gui-Lin Xie. "Botulinum toxin type A inhibits rat pyloric myoelectrical activity and substance P release in vivo." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 85, no. 2 (2007): 209–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y07-018.

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The effect of botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) on rat pyloric myoelectrical activity in vivo and the content and distribution of substance P (SP) in pylorus were investigated, respectively, with electromyography, radioimmunoassay, and immunohistochemistry. A pair of electrodes for recording pyloric myoelectrical activity and a guide cannula for drug injection were implanted into the pylorus. The changes of pyloric myoelectrical activity were recorded followed vehicle, 10, 20, and 40 U/kg body mass of BTX-A injection. Pyloric tissues were dissected for radioimmunoassay and immunohistochemistry af

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Majeski, Hannah, Kirti Kandhwal Chahal, Angela Pasis, et al. "Abstract P4-11-02: Characterization of BTX-9341, a bifunctional degrader of CDK4 and CDK6 for HR+/HER2- breast cancer." Clinical Cancer Research 31, no. 12_Supplement (2025): P4–11–02—P4–11–02. https://doi.org/10.1158/1557-3265.sabcs24-p4-11-02.

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Abstract CDK4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) such as palbociclib, abemaciclib and ribociclib are used to treat HR+/HER2- breast cancer, but patients can develop resistance via many mechanisms, several of which converge on upregulation of the cyclin D-CDK4/6 signaling node. This has been shown to limit the effectiveness of CDK4/6i in ER+ breast cancer with up to 20% of patients exhibiting innate resistance and up to 70% of patients developing acquired resistance after 3 years on therapy (Scheidemann, 2021). To address acquired resistance, we sought to apply a degrader approach. We utilized our PRODEGY

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Silva, Janayze Suéllen de Lima Mendes, Francisco de Assis Leite Souza, Maria Edna Gomes de Barros, et al. "Avaliação hepática e renal em ratas submetidas à administração crônica de toxina botulínica tipo A na glândula salivar submandibular." Research, Society and Development 11, no. 10 (2022): e148111032423. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i10.32423.

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A toxina botulínica tipo A (BTX-A) tem sido utilizada como uma das opções de tratamento para controlar a sialorreia, entretanto ainda não se conhece seus efeitos sistêmicos após tratamento crônico. Sendo assim, objetivou-se avaliar alterações histopatológicas do parênquima hepático e renal de ratas tratadas cronicamente com injeção de toxina botulínica tipo A no complexo submandibular-sublingual. Foram utilizadas 21 ratas Wistar adultas, distribuídas em três grupos com 7 animais cada: controle; grupos BTX-12 e BTX-35, que receberam 3 aplicações intercaladas de BTX-A. O grupo BTX-12 e BTX-35 fo

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Majeski, Hannah, Kirti Chahal, Angela Pasis, et al. "Characterization of BTX-9341, a bifunctional degrader of CDK4 and CDK6 for HR+/HER2- breast cancer and glioblastoma multiforme." Journal of Clinical Oncology 42, no. 16_suppl (2024): 3111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2024.42.16_suppl.3111.

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3111 Background: CDK4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) are used to treat HR+/HER2- breast cancer, but patients develop resistance via many mechanisms, many of which involve on the upregulation of the cyclin D-CDK4/6 or cyclin E-CDK2 signaling nodes. This has been shown to limit the effectiveness of CDK4/6i in HR+ breast cancer with up to 20% patients exhibiting innate resistance and up to 70% patients developing acquired resistance after 3 years on therapy (doi:10.3390/ijms222212292). Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive form of brain cancer with a high frequency of dysregulated CDKN2A-cyclin

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