Academic literature on the topic 'Bubble Theory'

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Journal articles on the topic "Bubble Theory"

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Salamatin, Andrey N., Vladimir Ya Lipenkov, and Paul Duval. "Bubbly-ice densification in ice sheets: I. Theory." Journal of Glaciology 43, no. 145 (1997): 387–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022143000034961.

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AbstractDry snow on the surface of polar ice ice sheets is first densified and metamorphosed to produce firn. Bubbly ice is the next stage of the transformation process which takes place below the depth of pore closure. This stage extends to the transition zone where, due to high pressures and low temperatures. air trapped in bubbles and ice begins to form the mixed air clathrate hydrates, while the gas phase progressively disappears. Here we develop a model of bubbly-ice rheology and ice-sheet dynamics taking into account glacier-ice compressibility. The interaction between hydrostatic compression of air bubbles, deviatoric (uniaxial) compressive deformation of the ice matrix and global deformations of the glacier body is considered. The ice-matrix pressure and the absolute-load pressure are distinguished. Similarity theory and scale analysis are used in examine the resultant mathematical model of bubbly-ice densification. The initial rate of bubble compression in ice sheets appears to be relatively high, so that the pressure (density) relaxation process takes place only 150-200 m in depth (below pore close-off) to reach its asymptotic phase, wherein the minimal drop between bubble and ice pressures is governed by the rate of loading (ice accumulation). This makes it possible to consider densification under stationary (present-day) conditions of ice formation as a special case of primary interest. The computational tests performed with the model indicate that both ice-porosity and bubble-pressure profiles in ice sheets are sensitive to variations of the rheological parameters of pure ice. However, only the bubble-pressure distinguishes between the rheological properties at low and high stresses. The porosity profile at the asymptotic phase is mostly determined by the air content in the ice. In the companion paper (Lipenkov and others, 1997), we apply the model to experimental data from polar ice cores and deduce, through an inverse procedure, the rhelogical properties of pure ice as well as the mean air content in Holocene and glacial ice sediments at vostok Station (Antarctica).
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Salamatin, Andrey N., Vladimir Ya Lipenkov, and Paul Duval. "Bubbly-ice densification in ice sheets: I. Theory." Journal of Glaciology 43, no. 145 (1997): 387–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/s0022143000034961.

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AbstractDry snow on the surface of polar ice ice sheets is first densified and metamorphosed to produce firn. Bubbly ice is the next stage of the transformation process which takes place below the depth of pore closure. This stage extends to the transition zone where, due to high pressures and low temperatures. air trapped in bubbles and ice begins to form the mixed air clathrate hydrates, while the gas phase progressively disappears. Here we develop a model of bubbly-ice rheology and ice-sheet dynamics taking into account glacier-ice compressibility. The interaction between hydrostatic compression of air bubbles, deviatoric (uniaxial) compressive deformation of the ice matrix and global deformations of the glacier body is considered. The ice-matrix pressure and the absolute-load pressure are distinguished. Similarity theory and scale analysis are used in examine the resultant mathematical model of bubbly-ice densification. The initial rate of bubble compression in ice sheets appears to be relatively high, so that the pressure (density) relaxation process takes place only 150-200 m in depth (below pore close-off) to reach its asymptotic phase, wherein the minimal drop between bubble and ice pressures is governed by the rate of loading (ice accumulation). This makes it possible to consider densification under stationary (present-day) conditions of ice formation as a special case of primary interest. The computational tests performed with the model indicate that both ice-porosity and bubble-pressure profiles in ice sheets are sensitive to variations of the rheological parameters of pure ice. However, only the bubble-pressure distinguishes between the rheological properties at low and high stresses. The porosity profile at the asymptotic phase is mostly determined by the air content in the ice. In the companion paper (Lipenkov and others, 1997), we apply the model to experimental data from polar ice cores and deduce, through an inverse procedure, the rhelogical properties of pure ice as well as the mean air content in Holocene and glacial ice sediments at vostok Station (Antarctica).
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DELALE, C. F., G. H. SCHNERR, and J. SAUER. "Quasi-one-dimensional steady-state cavitating nozzle flows." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 427 (January 25, 2001): 167–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112000002330.

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Quasi-one-dimensional cavitating nozzle flows are considered by employing a homogeneous bubbly liquid flow model. The nonlinear dynamics of cavitating bubbles is described by a modified Rayleigh–Plesset equation that takes into account bubble/bubble interactions by a local homogeneous mean-field theory and the various damping mechanisms by a damping coefficient, lumping them together in the form of viscous dissipation. The resulting system of quasi-one-dimensional cavitating nozzle flow equations is then uncoupled leading to a nonlinear third-order ordinary differential equation for the flow speed. This equation is then cast into a nonlinear dynamical system of scaled variables which describe deviations of the flow field from its corresponding incompressible single-phase value. The solution of the initial-value problem of this dynamical system can be carried out very accurately, leading to an exact description of the hydrodynamic field for the model considered.A bubbly liquid composed of water vapour–air bubbles in water at 20 °C for two different area variations is considered, and the initial cavitation number is chosen in such a way that cavitation can occur in the nozzle. Results obtained, when bubble/bubble interactions are neglected, show solutions with flow instabilities, similar to the flashing flow solutions found recently by Wang and Brennen. Stable steady-state cavitating nozzle flow solutions, either with continuous growth of bubbles or with growth followed by collapse of bubbles, were obtained when bubble/bubble interactions were considered together with various damping mechanisms.
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Delale, Can F., Kohei Okita, and Yoichiro Matsumoto. "Steady-State Cavitating Nozzle Flows With Nucleation." Journal of Fluids Engineering 127, no. 4 (April 2, 2005): 770–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1949643.

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Quasi-one-dimensional steady-state cavitating nozzle flows with homogeneous bubble nucleation and nonlinear bubble dynamics are considered using a continuum bubbly liquid flow model. The onset of cavitation is modeled using an improved version of the classical theory of homogeneous nucleation, and the nonlinear dynamics of cavitating bubbles is described by the classical Rayleigh-Plesset equation. Using a polytropic law for the partial gas pressure within the bubble and accounting for the classical damping mechanisms, in a crude manner, by an effective viscosity, stable steady-state solutions with stationary shock waves as well as unstable flashing flow solutions were obtained, similar to the homogeneous bubbly flow solutions given by Wang and Brennen [J. Fluids Eng., 120, 166–170, 1998] and by Delale, Schnerr, and Sauer [J. Fluid Mech., 427, 167–204, 2001]. In particular, reductions in the maximum bubble radius and bubble collapse periods are observed for stable nucleating nozzle flows as compared to the nonnucleating stable solution of Wang and Brennen under similar conditions.
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Toalá, J. A., M. A. Guerrero, H. Todt, L. Sabin, L. M. Oskinova, Y.-H. Chu, G. Ramos-Larios, and V. M. A. Gómez-González. "The Bubble Nebula NGC 7635 – testing the wind-blown bubble theory." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 495, no. 3 (April 17, 2020): 3041–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa752.

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ABSTRACT We present a multiwavelength study of the iconic Bubble Nebula (NGC 7635) and its ionizing star BD+60○2522. We obtained XMM–Newton EPIC X-ray observations to search for extended X-ray emission as in other similar wind-blown bubbles around massive stars. We also obtained San Pedro Mártir spectroscopic observations with the Manchester Echelle Spectrometer to study the dynamics of the Bubble Nebula. Although our EPIC observations are deep, we do not detect extended X-ray emission from this wind-blown bubble. On the other hand, BD+60○2522 is a bright X-ray source similar to other O stars. We used the stellar atmosphere code PoWR to characterize BD+60○2522 and found that this star is a young O-type star with stellar wind capable of producing a wind-blown bubble that in principle could be filled with hot gas. We discussed our findings in line with recent numerical simulations proposing that the Bubble Nebula has been formed as the result of the fast motion of BD+60○2522 through the medium. Our kinematic study shows that the Bubble Nebula is composed by a series of nested shells, some showing blister-like structures, but with little signatures of hydrodynamical instabilities that would mix the material producing diffuse X-ray emission as seen in other wind-blown bubbles. Its morphology seems to be merely the result of projection effects of these different shells.
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Ye, Zhen, and Li Ding. "A study of multiple scattering in bubbly liquids by many-body theory." Canadian Journal of Physics 74, no. 3-4 (March 1, 1996): 92–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p96-014.

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In this paper it is suggested that acoustic-wave propagation in bubbly liquids can be easily studied using the diagram method in many-body theory. The merit of this method is that it allows convenient inclusion of any higher order bubble interactions. In particular consideration is given to a higher order correction due to the mutual interaction of bubbles. It is shown that under certain circumstances, this correction could be rather significant. Other higher order interactions are also briefly discussed.
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Burkard, M. E., and H. D. Van Liew. "Oxygen transport to tissue by persistent bubbles: theory and simulations." Journal of Applied Physiology 77, no. 6 (December 1, 1994): 2874–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1994.77.6.2874.

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Persistent gas bubbles able to traverse capillaries can be prepared from a slowly permeating gas or with a mechanical structure surrounding a gas phase. If they are permeable to gases, such bubbles will carry O2 from the lungs to the tissues via the blood stream. Using a mathematical model based on physical laws, we present simulations of the behavior of bubbles stabilized by a slowly permeating gas (gas X). We show that the bubble persists longer if the tissue and venous blood contain N2 to dilute gas X and slow its outward diffusion. A 6-microns -diam bubble carries 0.11 pl of O2 during the breathing of pure O2, so 4.6 x 10(8) bubbles/ml in the blood will supply a normal arteriovenous difference. In conditions used for hyperbaric O2 therapy, a bubble carries approximately 0.26 pl of O2. Stabilized bubbles have the potential to transport O2 efficiently; they release O2 to tissue at high PO2 and require injection of only small amounts of a foreign substance.
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Bailey, R. C., and P. B. Garces. "On the theory of air‐gun bubble interactions." GEOPHYSICS 53, no. 2 (February 1988): 192–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1442454.

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Calculation of the seismic signatures of marine air‐gun arrays often requires that the interactions among the bubbles from air guns be taken into account. The standard method of doing this is to use the Giles‐Johnston approximation in which a time‐dependent effective ambient pressure is calculated for each bubble as the sum of the true ambient pressure and the local pressure signals of all the other bubbles in the array. These effects of interaction have a relative importance in the dynamics proportional to (R/D), where R and D are the typical bubble radius and interbubble separation, respectively. To ensure that current methods of calculating signatures are accurate, it is necessary to know how good this approximation is. This paper shows that there are no interaction terms in the full dynamical equations proportional to [Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text], and that the errors of the Giles‐Johnston approximation are only of order [Formula: see text]. The Giles‐Johnston approximation is therefore justified even for fairly accurate signature calculations for noncoalescing bubbles. The analysis here also shows how to incorporate bubble motions and deformations into the dynamical equations, so that the errors can be reduced to order [Formula: see text] if desired.
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Fuster, D., and F. Montel. "Mass transfer effects on linear wave propagation in diluted bubbly liquids." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 779 (August 19, 2015): 598–621. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2015.436.

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In this article we investigate the importance of mass transfer effects in the effective acoustic properties of diluted bubbly liquids. The classical theory for wave propagation in bubbly liquids for pure gas bubbles is extended to capture the influence of mass transfer on the effective phase speed and attenuation of the system. The vaporization flux is shown to be important for systems close to saturation conditions and at low frequencies. We derive a general expression for the transfer function that relates bubble radius and pressure changes, solving the linear version of the conservation equations inside, outside and at the bubble interface. Simplified expressions for various limiting situations are derived in order to get further insight about the validity of the common assumptions typically applied in bubble dynamic models. The relevance of the vapour content, the mass transfer flux across the interface and the effect of variations of the bubble interface temperature is discussed in terms of characteristic non-dimensional numbers. Finally we derive the various conditions that must be satisfied in order to reach the low-frequency limit solutions where the phase speed no longer depends on the forcing frequency.
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Lu, Tianshi, Roman Samulyak, and James Glimm. "Direct Numerical Simulation of Bubbly Flows and Application to Cavitation Mitigation." Journal of Fluids Engineering 129, no. 5 (October 25, 2006): 595–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2720477.

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The direct numerical simulation (DNS) method has been used to the study of the linear and shock wave propagation in bubbly fluids and the estimation of the efficiency of the cavitation mitigation in the container of the Spallation Neutron Source liquid mercury target. The DNS method for bubbly flows is based on the front tracking technique developed for free surface flows. Our front tracking hydrodynamic simulation code FronTier is capable of tracking and resolving topological changes of a large number of interfaces in two- and three-dimensional spaces. Both the bubbles and the fluid are compressible. In the application to the cavitation mitigation by bubble injection in the SNS, the collapse pressure of cavitation bubbles was calculated by solving the Keller equation with the liquid pressure obtained from the DNS of the bubbly flows. Simulations of the propagation of linear and shock waves in bubbly fluids have been performed, and a good agreement with theoretical predictions and experiments has been achieved. The validated DNS method for bubbly flows has been applied to the cavitation mitigation estimation in the SNS. The pressure wave propagation in the pure and the bubbly mercury has been simulated, and the collapse pressure of cavitation bubbles has been calculated. The efficiency of the cavitation mitigation by bubble injection has been estimated. The DNS method for bubbly flows has been validated through comparison of simulations with theory and experiments. The use of layers of nondissolvable gas bubbles as a pressure mitigation technique to reduce the cavitation erosion has been confirmed.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Bubble Theory"

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Mauá, Sara Malvar. "Bubble dynamics in magnetic fluids : theory and applications." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2015. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/19461.

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Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Tecnologia, Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica, 2015.
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O presente trabalho tem por objetivo principal investigar o comportamento não-linear de uma bolha imersa em um fluido magnético, sujeita a um campo de pressão acústico e um campo magnético. Uma nova versão da equação de Rayleigh-Plesset e proposta com o tensor magnético. Esta equação para dinâmica de bolhas e resolvida computacionalmente pelo método Runge-Kutta de quinta ordem com passo de tempo adaptativo, visando diminuir o custo computacional. O código e validado por meio de uma teoria assintótica em função da amplitude de excitação e do numero de Reynolds Magnético. A influência de parâmetros adimensionais e investigada, como o numero de Reynolds e Weber e dos parâmetros magnéticos, como Reynolds Magnético e Susceptibilidade Magnética. A excitação magnética aplicada foi variada contando com campos oscilatórios e constantes. Uma solução assintótica para o raio mínimo de colapso e apresentada. Isto permite uma analise utilizando tanto as teorias de estabilidade linear hidrodinâmica quanto as teorias não-lineares - como as redes neurais e os expoentes de Lyapunov. Uma serie de analises como diagrama de bifurcação dos padrões vibracionais e diagramas de colapso são construídos. Neste contexto, um novo método baseado nas ferramentas de diagrama de fase e DFT e proposto para analisar o comportamento da bolha oscilando em diferentes números de Reynolds Magnético e Suscetibilidade Magnética. Os novos padrões vibracionais apresentados devido ao acoplamento das escalas de tempo do problema são estudados e que leva a identificação de padrões caóticos. Neste sentido, a magnetização do ferrofluido e analizada tanto do ponto de vista das interações partícula-partícula, utilizando-se tanto das ferramentas já apresentadas quanto da equação fenomenológica da magnetização. Essa ultima permite a comparação deste modelo com o modelo superparamagnético proposto para a modelagem matemática. Visando verificar os conceitos utilizados e as hipóteses restritivas de movimento radial e não deformação uma bancada experimental e desenvolvida. Nesta bancada, estuda-se uma bolha ascendente em diversos fluidos magnéticos que foram sintetizados para este fim. Estes fluidos tem suas características analizados por meio de um reometro de discos rotativos e um tensiometro. Por fim, adiciona-se um campo magnético estacionário por meio de um ima de neodímio e observa-se como a bolha responde. __________________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
The main purpouse of the present work is to investigate the nonlinear behaviour of a bubble immersed in a magnetic fluid, subjected to an acoustic pressure forcing and a magnetic field. A new version of the Rayleigh-Plesset equation is proposed with the magnetic tensor. That equation is numerically solved using a fith order Runge-Kutta scheme with and adaptive time step, in order to lower the computacional cost. That code is validated with an asymptotic solution in terms of Magnetic Reynolds number and the pressure forcing amplitude. The influence of the main Newtonian dimentionless physical parameters, such as the Reynolds and Weber numbers and the non-Newtonian parameters, as Magnetic Reynolds and Magnetic Susceptibility are investigated. The applied magnetic excitation was varied between stationary and oscillatory fields. An asymptotic theory for the minimum radius before collapse is presented. This permits an analysis using both hydrodynamic linear stability theory and nonlinear theories, such as neural networks and Lyapunov exponents. A serie of analyzes using vibrational pattern bifurcation diagrams and collapse diagrams are built. In this context, a new method based in the phase plot and DFT is proposed in order to analyze the bubble behavior when oscillating. The identified vibrational patterns are studied in order to generate chaotic patterns due to time scales coupling. In this sense, the magnetization of the ferrofluid is analyzed from the particle-particle interactions point of view, using the tools already presented and the phenomenological equation of magnetization. This last allows the comparison of this model with the superparamagnetic model proposed for the mathematical modeling. In order to verify the concepts used, the restrictive assumption of radial movement and lack of deformation an experimental bench is developed. In this bench, a rising bubble immersed in synthesized magnetic fluid is observed. These fluids have their characteristics (such as viscosity and surface tension) analyzed using a rotating disc rheometer and a tensiometer. Finally, a stationary magnetic field is applied using a neodymium magnet and the bubble behavior is observed.
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Llewellin, Edward William. "The rheology of bubble bearing magmas : theory and experiments." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.251071.

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Hmaida, Mufida Mohamed A. "Representation theory of algebras related to the bubble algebra." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/15987/.

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In this thesis we study several algebras which are related to the bubble algebra, including the bubble algebra itself. We introduce a new class of multi-parameter algebras, called the multi-colour partition algebra $ P_{n,m} ( \breve{\delta} )$, which is a generalization of both the partition algebra and the bubble algebra. We also define the bubble algebra and the multi-colour symmetric groupoid algebra as sub-algebras of the algebra $ P_{n,m} ( \breve{\delta} ) $. We investigate the representation theory of the multi-colour symmetric groupoid algebra $ \F S_{n,m} $. We show that $ \F S_{n,m} $ is a cellular algebra and it is isomorphic to the generalized symmetric group algebra $ \F \mathbb{Z}_m \wr S_n $ when $ m $ is invertible and $ \F $ is an algebraically closed field. We then prove that the algebra $ P_{n,m} ( \breve{\delta} ) $ is also a cellular algebra and define its cell modules. We are therefore able to classify all the irreducible modules of the algebra $ P_{n,m} ( \breve{\delta} ) $. We also study the semi-simplicity of the algebra $ P_{n,m} ( \breve{\delta} ) $ and the restriction rules of the cell modules to lower rank $ n $ over the complex field. The main objective of this thesis is to solve some open problems in the representation theory of the bubble algebra $ T_{n,m} ( \breve{\delta} ) $. The algebra $ T_{n,m} ( \breve{\delta} ) $ is known to be cellular. We use many results on the representation theory of the Temperley-Lieb algebra to compute bases of the radicals of cell modules of the algebra $ T_{n,m} ( \breve{\delta} ) $ over an arbitrary field. We then restrict our attention to study representations of $ T_{n,m} ( \breve{\delta} ) $ over the complex field, and we determine the entire Loewy structure of cell modules of the algebra $ T_{n,m} ( \breve{\delta} ) $. In particular, the main theorem is Theorem 5.41.
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Burley, Adam Craig. "Toward a Fundamental Understanding of Bubble Nucleation in Polymer Foaming." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1338220471.

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Kauper, Benjamin, and Karl-Kuno Kunze. "Modellierung von Aktienkursen im Lichte der Komplexitätsforschung." Universität Potsdam, 2011. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2011/5228/.

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This paper offers empirical evidence on the power of Sornette et al's [2001] model of bubbles and crashes regarding the German stock market between 1960 and 2009. We identify relevant time periods and describe them with the function given by Sornette et al's model. Our results show some evidence in predicting crashes with the understanding of logarithmic periodic structures that are hidden in the stock price trajectories. It was shown that for the DAX most of the relevant parameters determining the shape of the logarithmic periodic structures are lying in the expected interval researched by Sornette et al. Further more the paper implicitly shows that the point of time of former crashes can be predicted with the presented formula. We conclude that the concept of financial time series conceived as purely random objects should be generalised as to admit complexity.
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Kundiger, Kyle. "Optimal investment strategies using multi-property commercial real estate analysis of pre/post housing bubble." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2012. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/575.

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This paper analyzes theperformance of five commercial real estate property types (office, retail, industrial, apartment, and hotel) between 2000 and 2012 to determine the U.S. housing crisis'simpact on Real Estate investing. Under the concept of Modern Portfolio Theory, the data was analyzed using investment analysis programs to determine correlation, risk/return characteristics, and trade-offs (Sharpe ratio) as well as the optimal allocation among the individual property types. In light of the results, each property type plays a different role in investment strategies in various economic cycles. Some assets are attractive solely based onpotential return, or risk for return tradeoffs; however, through diversification, other property types play valuable roles in hedging risk on investors' target returns.
B.A. and B.S.
Bachelors
Business Administration
Finance
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Ghaderi, Hazhar. "The Phase-Integral Method, The Bohr-Sommerfeld Condition and The Restricted Soap Bubble : with a proposition concerning the associated Legendre equation." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för fysik och astronomi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-169572.

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After giving a brief background on the subject we introduce in section two the Phase-Integral Method of Fröman & Fröman in terms of the platform function of Yngve and Thidé. In section three we derive a different form of the radial Bohr-Sommerfeld condition in terms of the apsidal angle of the corresponding classical motion. Using the derived expression, we then show how easily one can calculate the exact energy eigenvalues of the hydrogen atom and the isotropic three-dimensional harmonic oscillator, we also derive an expression for higher order quantization condition. In section four we derive an expression for the angular frequencies of a restricted (0≤φ≤β) soap bubble and also give a proposition concerning the parameters l and m of the associated Legendre differential equation.
Vi använder Fröman & Frömans Fas-Integral Metod tillsammans med Yngve & Thidés plattformfunktion för att härleda kvantiseringsvilkoret för högre ordningar. I sektion tre skriver vi Bohr-Sommerfelds kvantiseringsvillkor på ett annorlunda sätt med hjälp av den så kallade apsidvinkeln (definierad i samma sektion) för motsvarande klassiska rörelse, vi visar också hur mycket detta underlättar beräkningar av energiegenvärden för väteatomen och den isotropa tredimensionella harmoniska oscillatorn. I sektion fyra tittar vi på en såpbubbla begränsad till området 0≤φ≤β för vilket vi härleder ett uttryck för dess (vinkel)egenfrekvenser. Här ger vi också en proposition angående parametrarna l och m tillhörande den associerade Legendreekvationen.
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Geiger, Karen Audrey. "Cross-Race Relationships as Sites of Transformation: Navigating the Protective Shell and the Insular Bubble." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1289853182.

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Patraucean, Viorica. "Detection and identification of elliptical structure arrangements in images : theory and algorithms." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012INPT0020/document.

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Cette thèse porte sur différentes problématiques liées à la détection, l'ajustement et l'identification de structures elliptiques en images. Nous plaçons la détection de primitives géométriques dans le cadre statistique des méthodes a contrario afin d'obtenir un détecteur de segments de droites et d'arcs circulaires/elliptiques sans paramètres et capable de contrôler le nombre de fausses détections. Pour améliorer la précision des primitives détectées, une technique analytique simple d'ajustement de coniques est proposée ; elle combine la distance algébrique et l'orientation du gradient. L'identification d'une configuration de cercles coplanaires en images par une signature discriminante demande normalement la rectification Euclidienne du plan contenant les cercles. Nous proposons une technique efficace de calcul de la signature qui s'affranchit de l'étape de rectification ; elle est fondée exclusivement sur des propriétés invariantes du plan projectif, devenant elle même projectivement invariante
This thesis deals with different aspects concerning the detection, fitting, and identification of elliptical features in digital images. We put the geometric feature detection in the a contrario statistical framework in order to obtain a combined parameter-free line segment, circular/elliptical arc detector, which controls the number of false detections. To improve the accuracy of the detected features, especially in cases of occluded circles/ellipses, a simple closed-form technique for conic fitting is introduced, which merges efficiently the algebraic distance with the gradient orientation. Identifying a configuration of coplanar circles in images through a discriminant signature usually requires the Euclidean reconstruction of the plane containing the circles. We propose an efficient signature computation method that bypasses the Euclidean reconstruction; it relies exclusively on invariant properties of the projective plane, being thus itself invariant under perspective
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Fraser, Henry. "Copyright and culture : a qualitative theory." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2018. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:cd4e645a-7e45-4309-bc68-e115e1fa306d.

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Copyright is conventionally justified as an incentive to produce and disseminate works of authorship. We can justify and theorise copyright more richly, not least because empirical evidence does not support the incentive narrative. Rather than focussing on quantitative matters such as the number of works incentivised and produced, we should consider copyright's qualitative influence on culture. A threshold objection to such an approach is the risk of cultural paternalism. This objection can be overcome. Rather than specifying paternalistic standards of merit for works, we can target the conditions under which their creation and consumption takes place. I argue, firstly, that we should adopt the following high-level principles: (i) that the conditions of creation and consumption of works should be conducive to democratic deliberation (democracy) and (ii) that they should facilitate the development of human capabilities (autonomy). Secondly, I propose that we pursue three mid-level objectives, which are helpful indicia of democracy and autonomy: - a fair and wide distribution of communicative and cultural power (inclusiveness); - diversity in the content and perspectives available to the public (diversity); and - conditions that permit authors and users of works to engage rigorously with the conventions of the media in which they operate (rigour). It is often said that copyright obstructs important qualitative objectives, like freedom of expression, and that we could better pursue these goals by weakening copyright and relying on non-proprietary alternatives. My approach produces a more optimistic, but also more complicated, view of copyright. While copyright's qualitative influence is not optimal, reductions in the strength and scope of copyright sometimes produces conditions and incentive structures that are worse for inclusiveness, diversity and rigour than stronger copyright. For example, both attention and wealth are highly concentrated in networked information economies driven by free sharing of content, and this is bad for diversity or inclusiveness. Online business models, based on surveillance of users' consumption of free works, are corrosive of autonomy and democracy. Merely removing copyright-based restrictions on the sharing of works is not a panacea for copyright's ills. A qualitative theory such as mine equips us to better understand and calibrate more richly the trade-offs involved in copyright policy decisions, and encourages us to treat copyright as part of a broader, qualitatively-oriented information and cultural policy.
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Books on the topic "Bubble Theory"

1

Ding, Min. The Bubble Theory. Heidelberg: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-00921-6.

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Shiller, Robert J. Measuring bubble expectations and investor confidence. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1999.

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Diving physics with bubble mechanics and decompression theory in depth. Flagstaff, AZ: Best Pub., 2008.

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Rossi, Carlos A. The energy within economics and the bubble envelope theory for human prosperity. Hauppauge, NY: Nova Science Publishers, 2011.

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Rossi, Carlos A. The energy within economics and the bubble envelope theory for human prosperity. Hauppauge, NY: Nova Science Publishers, 2011.

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Leighton, T. G. The one-dimensional bubble: Theory, experiment, and relevance to exposure of divers to low frequency sound, and of lung to lithotripsy. Southampton: University of Southampton, Institute of Sound and Vibration Research, 1995.

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Jin rong zhi chi guo du yu fang di chan pao mo: Li lun yu shi zheng yan jiu = Financial supportive excess and real estate bubble : an analysis based on theory and experiment. Beijing Shi: Beijing da xue chu ban she, 2005.

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Sadhal, S. S. Transport phenomena with drops and bubbles. New York: Springer, 1997.

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Tanveer, Saleh. Analytic theory for the determination of velocity and stability of bubbles in a Hele-Shaw cell. Part II: Stability. Hampton, Va: ICASE, 1989.

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McCallum, Bennett T. Indeterminacy, bubbles, and the fiscal theory of price level determination. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1998.

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Book chapters on the topic "Bubble Theory"

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Hoff, Lars. "Nonlinear Bubble Theory." In Acoustic Characterization of Contrast Agents for Medical Ultrasound Imaging, 43–87. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0613-1_3.

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Ding, Min. "Review, Motivation, and Theory." In The Bubble Theory, 1–9. Heidelberg: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-00921-6_1.

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Ding, Min. "The First Layer of the Bubble Theory: The Symbiotic Duo." In The Bubble Theory, 11–20. Heidelberg: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-00921-6_2.

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Ding, Min. "The Second Layer of the Bubble Theory: Enlightened Needs (ENs)." In The Bubble Theory, 21–29. Heidelberg: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-00921-6_3.

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Ding, Min. "The Third Layer of the Bubble Theory: Human Development Principles (HDPs)." In The Bubble Theory, 31–44. Heidelberg: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-00921-6_4.

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Ding, Min. "The Role of the Private Sector." In The Bubble Theory, 45–53. Heidelberg: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-00921-6_5.

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Ding, Min. "The Role of the Public Sector." In The Bubble Theory, 55–60. Heidelberg: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-00921-6_6.

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Vogel, Harold L. "Financial Asset Bubble Theory." In Financial Market Bubbles and Crashes, Second Edition, 373–82. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71528-5_11.

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Sobreperez, Polly. "Hubble Bubble Toil and Trouble: The Special Case of Emergency Services." In Information Systems Theory, 143–57. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9707-4_9.

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Aveline-Dubach, Natacha. "China’s Housing Booms: A Challenge to Bubble Theory." In Lecture Notes in Morphogenesis, 183–208. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36656-8_11.

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Conference papers on the topic "Bubble Theory"

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Kratchman, Louis, Jian Wen, Marc Michener, and R. Brent Gillespie. "Modeling pneumatic bubble displacements with membrane theory." In 2010 IEEE Haptics Symposium (Formerly known as Symposium on Haptic Interfaces for Virtual Environment and Teleoperator Systems). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/haptic.2010.5444634.

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Sojahrood, Amin Jafari, Qian Li, Hossein Haghi, Raffi Karshafian, Tyrone M. Porter, and Michael C. Kolios. "Investigation of the nonlinear propagation of ultrasound through a bubbly medium including multiple scattering and bubble-bubble interaction: Theory and experiment." In 2017 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ultsym.2017.8092528.

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JafariSojahrood, Amin, Qian Li, Hossein Haghi, Tyrone M. Porter, and Michael C. Kolios. "Investigation of the nonlinear propagation of ultrasound through a bubbly medium including multiple scattering and bubbl-bubble interaction: Theory and experiment." In 2017 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ultsym.2017.8092876.

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Koizumi, Yasuo, Kenichiro Iitani, and Hiroyasu Ohtake. "Bubbling From Microscopic Holes Into Pool Water Simulating Nucleate Boiling: Bubble Coalescence and Water Layer Under the Coalescent Bubble." In ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-33221.

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Air bubbling into stagnant water from microscopic holes was examined. As the blowing-out velocity was increased, bubbles became to coalescence each other after detachment from the holes and formed coalescent bubbles. Large bubbles departed from the coalescent bubbles intermittently. When the bubbles on the surface became large, the bubbles coalesced on the surface to form the coalescent-large bubble. The distance between the bottom wall and the coalescent bubble, which is often referred to as the thickness of the macro layer in the nucleate boiling, tended toward increasing with an increase in the blowing-out velocity contrary to the macro-layer theory. It was suggested that the occurrence of the CHF condition could be explained by combining the bubble crowding on the surface (the bubble crowding model) and the periodical leave of the coalescent bubble from the surface (the macro layer model).
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Yano, Takeru, Shigeo Fujikawa, and Tao Yu. "Reconsideration of Cavitation Inception Theory." In ASME/JSME 2007 5th Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2007-37177.

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The nonlinear dynamics of a spherical gas bubble in a liquid water is reconsidered on the basis of the Rayleigh-Plesset equation with particularly emphasis on the unstable behavior with respect to infinitesimal perturbations. The evolution of bubble radius after the discontinuous change of ambient pressure is theoretically analyzed, and the classical critical pressure and critical radius are re-derived as a saddle-node bifurcation point, when the center and saddle on the phase plane merge into a degenerate unstable singular point in the phase plane. Before the saddle-node bifurcation, there is a separatrix issuing from and entering into the saddle point in the inviscid limit. We propose a new criterion for cavitation inception: the ambient pressure that makes the separatrix pass through the initial bubble radius. This criterion gives a cavitation inception pressure higher than the classical one. The effects of viscosity and thermal conductivity are also discussed.
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Zhang, Ming Ming, Joseph Katz, and Andrea Prosperetti. "Effect of Internal Bubbly Flow on Channel Vibration: Comparison Between Experiment and Model." In ASME 2008 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2008-61613.

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The effect of an internal turbulent bubbly flow on vibrations of a channel wall is investigated in this paper both experimentally and theoretically. Vibrations of an isolated channel wall and associated wall pressure fluctuations are measured using several accelerometers and pressure transducers along streamwise direction under various gas void fractions and characteristic bubble diameters. A waveguide theory based mathematical model, i.e. a solution to the 3D Helmholtz Equation in an infinite long channel, and the physical properties of bubbles is developed to predict the spectral frequencies of the vibration and the wall pressure fluctuation, the corresponding attenuation coefficients of spectral peak and propagated phase speeds. Results show that compared with the same flow without bubbles, the presence of bubbles substantially enhances the power spectral density of the channel wall vibrations and pressure wall fluctuations in the 250–1200 Hz by up to 27 dB and 26 dB, respectively, and increases their overall rms values by up to 14.1 times and 12.7 times, respectively. In the lower frequency range than the resonant frequency of individual bubble, i.e. 250–1200 Hz range, both vibrations and spectral frequencies increase substantially with increasing void fraction and slightly with increasing bubble diameter. The origin for enhanced vibrations and wall pressure fluctuations is demonstrated to be the excitation of the streamwise propagated acoustic pressure waves, which are created by the initial energy generated during bubble formations. The measured magnitudes and trends of the frequency of the spectral peaks, their attenuation coefficients and phase velocities are well predicated by the model. All the three variables decrease as the void fraction or bubble diameter increase. But the effect of void fraction is much stronger than that of bubble diameter. For the same void fraction and bubble diameter, the peaks at higher spectral frequencies decay faster.
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Meng, De-Sheng, and Chang-Jin Kim. "Self-Aligned Micro Bubble Arrays by Using Surface Tension." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-62182.

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This paper describes the theory and experiments involve in the capture of bubbles onto a patterned surface. Guided by surface free energy, bubbles can automatically attach to the energetically favorable locations (bubble-traps) and align into bubble arrays. Bubble capturing potential φbc is proposed as the quantity to evaluate the surface’s “affinity” for bubbles. A bubble-trap can therefore be viewed as an area with locally maximum positive φbc. Two types of bubble-traps are proposed and evaluated. Type I bubble-traps are hydrophobic patterns on a hydrophilic flat surface. Type II bubble-traps are concave conic pits surrounded by a hydrophilic flat surface. Simulation of bubble capturing potential φbc explains the bubble-capturing behavior for both cases and predicts a better performance for type II bubble-traps. Experiments agree well with the theoretical prediction and suggest promising applications.
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Uesawa, Shin-ichiro, Akiko Kaneko, and Yutaka Abe. "Estimation of Void Fraction in Dispersed Bubbly Flow With a Constant Electric Current Method." In 2013 21st International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone21-16279.

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In several void fraction measurement methods, electric void sensors are online measurement method, simple construction and lower cost. In electric measurement, we research on a constant electric current method which is one of conductance methods. By using this method, we can measure volumetric void fraction with higher temporal resolution although the method cannot measure 2D and 3D distribution of void fractions. Besides, multiple measuring electrodes can be installed at a short distance. And then, flow is not obstructed by measuring electrodes. However, the constant electrical current method has been applied in annular flow in previous studies. Void fraction is estimated by cross-sectional ratio of gas and liquid phases in this method. For this reason, dispersed bubbly flow is not applied because cross-section ratio is not continuous in a flow direction. In the present study, Maxwell’s theory, Bruggemann’s treatment and polarization method are applied in order to measure void fraction of dispersed bubbly flow more accurately. Maxwell’s theory is an estimation of a resistance of a mixture with two difference resistivity by calculating electric potential in the mixture. Bruggemann’s treatment is based on Maxwell’s theory but it implies the assumption of a large size-range of particles in surrounding medium. In polarization method, bubbles are assumed to be dielectric bodies. Therefore if voltage is applied to gas-liquid two-phase flow, electrical charges in bubbles are polarized, and polarization electrical field generates. A difference of voltages in bubbly flow and liquid single phase flow assumes to be caused by polarization fields. Void fraction in vertical flow is measured experimentally by the previous method, Bruggemann’s treatment, Maxwell’s theory and polarization method in order to investigate the accuracy of these estimations. Working fluid is air and tap water. The accuracy is measured by comparing with a quick shut valve method and observations. Besides, we investigate effects of flow structure and bubble shape to measurement accuracy. Flow structure is changed by changing gas and liquid volume flow rate. In the experiment for bubble shape, a rising bubble by buoyancy is measured. The bubble shape observed by a high speed video camera is compared with the electrical signal measured by the constant electric current method. From experimental results, it is confirmed that void fraction in bubbly flow and froth flow is estimated more accurately by Maxwell’s theory, Bruggemann’s treatment and polarization method, and change of bubble shape correlates with fluctuation of void fraction measured by the constant electric current method.
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Linsky, Jeffrey L., Randall K. Smith, Steven L. Snowden, and K. D. Kuntz. "Results from the ISSI Workshop: “From the Outer Heliosphere to the Local Bubble: Comparison of New Observations with Theory”." In THE LOCAL BUBBLE AND BEYOND II: Proceedings of the International Conference. AIP, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3211813.

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INGER, GEORGE, and LOUIS LEGRAND. "A theory for the reversed flow in a laminar separation bubble." In 30th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1992-432.

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Reports on the topic "Bubble Theory"

1

Brunnermeier, Markus, Sebastian Merkel, and Yuliy Sannikov. The Fiscal Theory of Price Level with a Bubble. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, May 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w27116.

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Allen, P. G., M. A. Wall, and W. G. Wolfer. Generalized Rate Theory for Void and Bubble Swelling and its Application to Delta-Plutonium. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1416490.

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Allen, P. G., and W. G. Wolfer. Generalized Rate Theory for Void and Bubble Swelling and its Application to Plutonium Metal Alloys. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1343027.

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Kachru, Shamit. Supersymmetry Changing Bubbles in String Theory. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/799926.

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Ventura, Jaume, and Alberto Martin. The International Transmission of Credit Bubbles: Theory and Policy. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, February 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w20933.

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McCallum, Bennett. Indeterminacy, Bubbles, and the Fiscal Theory of Price Level Determination. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, March 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w6456.

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Pastor, Lubos, and Pietro Veronesi. Was There a Nasdaq Bubble in the Late 1990s? Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, June 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w10581.

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Rappoport, Peter, and Eugene White. Was there a bubble in the 1929 Stock Market? Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, February 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w3612.

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Hillebrand, M., G. Kalosakas, Alan Bishop, and Ch Skokos. Bubble lifetimes in DNA gene promoters and their mutations affecting transcription. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1798109.

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Farmer, David M., and Svein Vagle. Wave Induced Bubble Clouds and their Effect on Radiance in the Upper Ocean. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada518849.

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