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Journal articles on the topic 'BUCK (Computer program)'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 15 February 2022

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1

KS, Rikza, and Rifdian Sudjoko. "Rancang Bangun Trainer Konverter berbasis Arduino Mega 2560 sebagai Sarana Praktikum di Laboratorium Listrik Politeknik Penerbangan Surabaya." Jurnal Penelitian 3, no. 2 (June 4, 2018): 66–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.46491/jp.v3e2.42.66-77.

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Salah satu mata kuliah Program Studi Diploma III Teknik Listrik Bandar Udara yaitu elektronika daya. Dalam mata kuliah tersebut terdapat materi tentang penyearah tegangan, buck konverter, boost konverter dan inverter yang biasa disebut sebagai konverter daya atau pengkonversian daya dari ac ke dc, ac ke ac, dc ke dc maupun dc ke ac yang sangat berguna sekali bagi manusia untuk memenuhi kebutuhan energi sehari-hari. Pada pengkonversian daya perlu kita ketahui pula bentuk gelombang dari input dan output dari suatu rangkaian konverter agar dapat kita ketahui perbedaan dari kedua gelombangnya agar tidak salah memilih rangkaian konverter mana yang tepat untuk menyuplai suatu beban. Sehingga tidak merusak komponen-komponen dari rangkaian konverter maupun beban yang akan disuplai. Pada konverter terdapat berbagai macam komponen – komponen elektronika yang memiliki sifat – sifat dan fungsi tertentu yang terintegrasi untuk menghasilkan konversi yang dibutuhkan. Sehingga pemahaman tentang komponen pada konverter perlu dimiliki dengan kontrol dan monitor bebasis mikrokontroler melalui Personal Computer.
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Williams, B., G. Flores-Foxworth, S. Chapman, J. Romano, B. Kidd, G. Fuchs, M. Westhusin, D. Kraemer, and D. Frels. "124CRYOPRESERVATION OF WHITE-TAILED DEER (ODOCOILEUS VIRGINIANUS) SEMEN." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 16, no. 2 (2004): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv16n1ab124.

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The methods for collecting and freezing deer semen have been, for the most part, limited to two species; red deer ( Cervus elaphus) and fallow deer ( Dama dama) (Asher et al., 2000 Anim. Reprod. Sci. 62, 195–211). The object of this study was to evaluate the progressive motility and effects of a thermal stress test on white-tailed deer (WTD) semen frozen in Biladyl extender (Mini Tube, Verona, WI, USA). Semen was collected by electroejaculation from WTD bucks (n=7, ages 1.5–2.5 years) during the breeding season. This trial was the second collection for one buck (#0025) and the third collection for the other 6 bucks. The bucks were immobilized with a xylazine/ketamine mixture i.m. (2mgkg−1 Vedco, Inc., St. Joseph, MO, 2.2mgkg−1 ketamine HCl, Fort Dodge Animal Health, Fort Dodge, IA, USA) and electroejaculated with a Pulsator IV unit (Lane Manufacturing, Denver, Co). Semen was extended 1:1 with Biladyl A, and then slowly cooled to 4°C. Once cooled, semen was extended with equal amounts of Biladyl part A, then part B, to a final concentration of 160×106cells/mL. The extended semen was then loaded into 0.25-cc straws, placed over liquid nitrogen (LN2) in vapors (−80°C) for 10min, and then plunged into LN2. Straws were stored in a LN2 tank for 3 months. Semen was thawed in a 38.5°C water bath for 45s, then placed in a warm test tube and incubated at 38.5°C for 5min before progressive motility was evaluated using a computer program (Sperm Vision, Mini Tube). A thermal stress test was performed by incubating thawed samples at 38.5°C for 1h. Results of the stress test were graded as either passed (progressive motility ≥50%) or failed (progressive motility<50%). Results are shown in the table below. Our results show that the protocol described above is suitable for the cryopreservation of white-tailed deer semen. These data suggest that the initial post-thaw progressive motility may not accurately represent the potential progressive motility of the spermatozoa (e.g. WTD s 0038 & 0103). Table 1 Volume collected and post thaw evaluation of white-tailed deer semen
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Hopman, P. C. "VEROAD: A Viscoelastic Multilayer Computer Program." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1539, no. 1 (January 1996): 72–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196153900110.

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The mathematical principles and derivation of a linear viscoelastic multilayer computer program are described. The principles of the derivation apply equally to conventional linear elastic programs. The practical consequences of the viscous material properties for the mathematical derivation have been solved by Fourier transformation; another mathematical consequence is that complex calculus was inevitable. The program is called VEROAD, (viscoelastic road analysis Delft). The program's primary extension is that the analyzed material can be vis-coelastic. Consequences of this extension are numerous: calculation from physical material properties of quantities such as time-dependent displacements, stresses and strains, permanent deformations, and dissipated energies is made possible. All these quantities depend on velocity of traffic, which is explicitly included in the calculations. The material model assumes the bulk modulus to be elastic and the shear modulus to be viscoelastic. The latter follows Burger's model. For illustrative purposes some mechanical analyses of asphaltic road structures are carried out, with emphasis on the distribution of stresses, strains, (permanent) deformations, and dissipated energies.
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Li, Lili, Sheng Ouyang, Yanqing Yang, and Ming Han. "EBSDL: a computer program for determining an unknown Bravais lattice using a single electron backscatter diffraction pattern." Journal of Applied Crystallography 47, no. 4 (July 19, 2014): 1466–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s160057671401382x.

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Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) patterns provide a wealth of crystallographic information but disappointingly low accuracy. Adopting a strategy of compensating the poor accuracy by the large amount of information, a computer program, EBSDL, has been successfully developed to determine the unknown Bravais lattice of bulk crystalline materials using a single EBSD pattern. Unlike programs that perform phase identification, the new application is completely independent of chemical information.
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Nicolau, Dan V., Florin Fulga, and Dan V. Nicolau. "The Protein Surface Properties Calculator." Asia-Pacific Biotech News 07, no. 03 (February 3, 2003): 116–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219030303000296.

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The interactions of large molecules with surfaces and with each other are strongly dependent upon their surface, rather than their bulk properties. In addition, the local properties of biomolecular surfaces are very important in their own right in biomedicine and other areas, for example for locating binding sites. Following to previous work, we have developed a program to compute to compute amino acid and atom-based surface descriptors, and used it to generate a small database of charge and hydrophobicity-related surface properties for a set of proteins. The program requires the user to input two text files: one assigning a real number to each atom of each amino acid, and one assigning a real number to each amino acid. Although we have so far only computed surface charge (atom-based) and surface hydrophobicity (amino acid-based), we note that this program could be used to compute any surface parameter whatsoever, since the user can assign arbitrary atom-by-atom and amino acid properties.We discuss possible applications of this program and describe one current application, the Biomolecular Adsorption Database.
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CHEN, YIFENG, and J. W. SANDERS. "TOP-DOWN DESIGN OF BULK-SYNCHRONOUS PARALLEL PROGRAMS." Parallel Processing Letters 13, no. 03 (September 2003): 389–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129626403001367.

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This paper studies top-down program development techniques for Bulk-Synchronous Parallelism. In that context a specification formalism LOGS, for 'the Logic of Global Synchrony', has been proposed for the specification and high-level development of BSP designs. This paper extends the use of LOGS to provide support for the protection of local variables in BSP programs, thus completing the link between specifications and programs.
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Zhu, Dong, Yuan-Zhong Hu, Herbert S. Cheng, Takayuki Arai, and Kyugo Hamai. "A Numerical Analysis for Piston Skirts in Mixed Lubrication: Part II—Deformation Considerations." Journal of Tribology 115, no. 1 (January 1, 1993): 125–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2920965.

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This paper presents a mathematical model for piston skirts in mixed lubrication. It takes into account the effects of surface waviness, roughness, piston skirt surface profile, bulk elastic deformation and thermal distortion of both piston skirts and cylinder bore on piston motion, lubrication and friction. The corresponding computer program developed can be used to calculate the entire piston trajectory and the hydrodynamic and contact friction forces as functions of crank angle under engine running conditions. Complete distributions of the oil film thickness and elastic deformation as well as the hydrodynamic and contact pressures can also be given at any crank angle if needed. This paper is the second part of a series of two papers. The first part (Basic Modeling), presented earlier by Zhu et al. (1991), gave the basic formulation and some preliminary results without bulk deformation considerations. In the present part, the three-dimensional finite element method is used to calculate so-called influence coefficient matrices. These matrices are repeatedly used to compute bulk elastic deformations of piston skirts. Results for 12 different cases are presented, and discussions are given focusing on the influences of elastic and thermal deformations on piston motion, lubrication and friction. An attempt to compare the calculated friction with experimental data is made, and agreement appears good for the two available cases. The computer program presented should be a useful tool for piston design and development.
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LOULERGUE, F. "DISTRIBUTED EVALUATION OF FUNCTIONAL BSP PROGRAMS." Parallel Processing Letters 11, no. 04 (December 2001): 423–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129626401000701.

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The BS λp-calculus is a calculus of functional bulk synchronous parallel (BSP) programs. It is the basis for the design of a bulk synchronous parallel ML language. For data-parallel languages, there are two points of view: the programming model where a program is seen as a sequence of operations on parallel vectors, and the execution model where the program is a parallel composition of programs run on each processor of the parallel machine. BSP algorithms are defined by data-parallel algorithms with explicit (physical) processes in order to allow their parallel execution time to be estimated. We present here a distributed evaluation minimally synchronous for BSP execution (which corresponds to the execution model). This distributed evaluation is correct w.r.t. the call-by-value strategy of the BS λp-calculus (which corresponds to the programming model).
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Paktunc, A. Dogan. "MODAN: an interactive computer program for estimating mineral quantities based on bulk composition." Computers & Geosciences 24, no. 5 (June 1998): 425–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0098-3004(98)00018-1.

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Nikezic, Dragoslav, Jelena M. Stajic, and Kwan Ngok Yu. "Updates to TRACK_TEST and TRACK_VISION Computer Programs." Polymers 13, no. 4 (February 13, 2021): 560. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13040560.

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The computer programs TRACK_TEST and TRACK_VISION were previously developed to model profiles and optical appearances of tracks developed in solid-state nuclear track detectors. The programs were based on a track development model that involved the bulk etch rate Vb and the track etch rate Vt or the V function (i.e., Vt/Vb). The present work reported our work to update and modify these two programs. In the revised TRACK_TEST, two new V functions were added and enabled. Sample results for the CR-39 detector obtained using the three original and the two new V functions were compared. Discrepancies were within ~10% and <14% for incident alpha-particle energies of 1 MeV and >1 MeV, respectively. Another major revision of TRACK_TEST was to enable calculations for the Makrofol detector. In the revised TRACK_VISION, the two new V functions, as well as the option for the Makrofol detector, were also added. The experimental results on the Makrofol detectors were obtained (irradiated with 3.6-MeV alpha particles under normal incidence and then etched to achieve a removed detector thickness of 30 μm) for comparisons with the modeled results using the revised TRACK_VISION. The track diameters obtained from the experiment and model were 24.7 and 23.2 μm, respectively. Moreover, a bright area in the central parts, together with an outer dark ring, were present in both the simulated and experimental tracks. The track-opening diameters and the general optical appearances of the tracks were in good agreement.
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LONC, ZBIGNIEW, and MIROSŁAW TRUSZCZYŃSKI. "Computing minimal models, stable models and answer sets." Theory and Practice of Logic Programming 6, no. 4 (June 21, 2006): 395–449. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1471068405002607.

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We propose and study algorithms to compute minimal models, stable models and answer sets of $t$-CNF theories, and normal and disjunctive $t$-programs. We are especially interested in algorithms with non-trivial worst-case performance bounds. The bulk of the paper is concerned with the classes of 2- and 3-CNF theories, and normal and disjunctive 2- and 3-programs, for which we obtain significantly stronger results than those implied by our general considerations. We show that one can find all minimal models of 2-CNF theories and all answer sets of disjunctive 2-programs in time $O(m1\mbox{.}4422\mbox{..}^n)$. Our main results concern computing stable models of normal 3-programs, minimal models of 3-CNF theories and answer sets of disjunctive 3-programs. We design algorithms that run in time $O(m1\mbox{.}6701\mbox{..}^n)$, in the case of the first problem, and in time $O(mn^2 2\mbox{.}2782\mbox{..}^n)$, in the case of the latter two. All these bounds improve by exponential factors the best algorithms known previously. We also obtain closely related upper bounds on the number of minimal models, stable models and answer sets a $t$-CNF theory, a normal $t$-program or a disjunctive $t$-program may have.
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Dogan Paktunc, A. "MODAN—a computer program for estimating mineral quantities based on bulk composition: windows version." Computers & Geosciences 27, no. 7 (August 2001): 883–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0098-3004(01)00006-1.

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Paktunc, Dogan. "A computer program for analysing complex bulk XAFS spectra and for performing significance tests." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 11, no. 3 (April 21, 2004): 295–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0909049504003681.

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GAVA, FRÉDÉRIC. "FORMAL PROOFS OF FUNCTIONAL BSP PROGRAMS." Parallel Processing Letters 13, no. 03 (September 2003): 365–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129626403001343.

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The Bulk Synchronous Parallel ML (BSML) is a functional language for BSP programming, a model of computing which allows parallel programs to be ported to a wide range of architectures. It is based on an extension of the ML language by parallel operations on a parallel data structure called parallel vector, which is given by intention. We present a new approach to certifying BSML programs in the context of type theory. Given a specification and a program, an incomplete proof of the specification (of which algorithmic contents corresponds to the given program) is built in the type theory, in which gaps would correspond to the proof obligation. This development demonstrates the usefulness of higher-order logic in the process of software certification of parallel applications. It also shows that the proof of rather complex parallel algorithms may be done with inductive types without great difficulty by using existing certified programs. This work has been implemented in the Coq Proof Assistant, applied on non-trivial examples and is the basis of a certified library of BSML programs.
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Hirano, Toshio, Zenglin Guo, and R. Gordon Kirk. "Application of Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis for Rotating Machinery—Part II: Labyrinth Seal Analysis." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 127, no. 4 (September 20, 2005): 820–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1808426.

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Labyrinth seals are used in various kinds of turbo machines to reduce internal leakage flow. The working fluid, or the gas passing through the rotor shaft labyrinth seals, often generates driving force components that may increase the unstable vibration of the rotor. It is important to know the accurate rotordynamic force components for predicting the instability of the rotor-bearing-seal system. The major goals of this research were to calculate the rotordynamic force of a labyrinth seals utilizing a commercial CFD program and to further compare those results to an existing bulk flow computer program currently used by major US machinery manufacturers. The labyrinth seals of a steam turbine and a compressor eye seal are taken as objects of analysis. For each case, a 3D model with eccentric rotor was solved to obtain the rotordynamic force components. The leakage flow and rotor dynamics force predicted by CFX TASCFlow are compared with the results of the existing bulk flow analysis program DYNLAB. The results show that the bulk flow program gives a pessimistic prediction of the destabilizing forces for the conditions under investigation. Further research work will be required to fully understand the complex leakage flows in turbo machinery.
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Liu, Hongwei, Matthew Foley, Qingyun Lin, and Jiangwen Liu. "EDP2XRD: a computer program for converting electron diffraction patterns into X-ray diffraction patterns." Journal of Applied Crystallography 49, no. 2 (February 16, 2016): 636–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600576716000613.

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Mny commercial software packages for X-ray diffraction pattern analysis are capable of identifying multiple phases in bulk materials. However, X-ray diffraction patterns cannot record those phases with very small volume ratio or non-homogeneous distribution, which may mean that researchers have to use instead electron diffraction patterns from a very small region of interest. EDP2XRD, a new program for converting electron diffraction patterns into X-ray diffraction patterns, is described here. The program has been developed in order to utilize X-ray analysis software for electron diffraction patterns taken from mixed-phase nanocrystalline materials with a transmission electron microscope. It is specifically designed for material researchers who are engaged in crystallographic microstructure analysis. The difference from other popular commercial software for crystallography is that this program provides new options to convert and plot X-ray diffraction patterns for arbitrary electron diffraction rings and to process raw images to enhance conversion performance. The program contains the necessary crystallographic calculator to list planar d spacings and corresponding X-ray diffraction angles.
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Habibagahi, G., and M. Mokhberi. "A hyperbolic model for volume change behavior of collapsible soils." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 35, no. 2 (April 1, 1998): 264–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t97-089.

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Finite element computer programs are frequently used to analyze and design embankments and similar earth structures. In most of the available computer programs, lack of a proper constitutive relationship to deal with volume change when an increase in the degree of saturation occurs, namely collapse phenomena, is a major handicap. In this paper, volume change results obtained from isotropic compression tests conducted on unsaturated compacted soil specimens are presented. Dependence of the bulk modulus of the soil on water content is investigated. Next, a hyperbolic formulation for volume change behavior of unsaturated soils taking into account variation of soil water content is presented. This hyperbolic model relates mean applied stress, volume change, and water content and represents a three-dimensional surface, the so-called "state surface". Suitability of the proposed model to predict collapse phenomena is verified by examining the model prediction against available experimental data.Key words: hyperbolic, unsaturated soil, collapse, volume change, suction pressure, bulk modulus.
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Gerbessiotis, Alexandros V., and Seung-Yeop Lee. "Remote Memory Access: A Case for Portable, Efficient and Library Independent Parallel Programming." Scientific Programming 12, no. 3 (2004): 169–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2004/934718.

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In this work we make a strong case for remote memory access (RMA) as the effective way to program a parallel computer by proposing a framework that supports RMA in a library independent, simple and intuitive way. If one uses our approach the parallel code one writes will run transparently under MPI-2 enabled libraries but also bulk-synchronous parallel libraries. The advantage of using RMA is code simplicity, reduced programming complexity, and increased efficiency. We support the latter claims by implementing under this framework a collection of benchmark programs consisting of a communication and synchronization performance assessment program, a dense matrix multiplication algorithm, and two variants of a parallel radix-sort algorithm and examine their performance on a LINUX-based PC cluster under three different RMA enabled libraries: LAM MPI, BSPlib, and PUB. We conclude that implementations of such parallel algorithms using RMA communication primitives lead to code that is as efficient as the message-passing equivalent code and in the case of radix-sort substantially more efficient. In addition our work can be used as a comparative study of the relevant capabilities of the three libraries.
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Rohl, A. L., and D. H. Gay. "Modelling the morphology of minerals by computer." Mineralogical Magazine 59, no. 397 (December 1995): 607–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1995.059.397.04.

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AbstractA new computer code (MARVIN) has been developed for the simulation of surfaces and interfaces. The models and methodologies employed within the program are briefly discussed. One application of the code, calculating crystal morphologies, is explored using zircon, quartz and α-Al2O3 as examples. The new code enables the use of covalent type force fields and the effect of surface relaxation on the growth morphology to be calculated for the first time. It is found that relaxation does affect the attachment energy but not by a large enough amount to significantly change the growth morphology for the three examples discussed here. Finally, the calculated surface relaxation for the basal plane of α-Al2O3 is found to be in complete agreement with Hartree-Fock ab initio calculations, verifying that the potentials, which are derived from bulk properties, transfer well to this surface.
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Dorea, Joao R., Tiago Bresolin, Rafael E. P. Ferreira, and Luiz Gustavo R. Pereira. "383 Harnessing the Power of Computer Vision System to Improve Management Decisions in Livestock Operations." Journal of Animal Science 98, Supplement_4 (November 3, 2020): 138–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa278.255.

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Abstract In livestock operations, systematically monitoring animal body weight, biometric body measurements, animal behavior, feed bunk, and other complex phenotypes is unfeasible due to labor, costs, and animal stress. Applications of computer vision are growing in importance in livestock systems due to their ability to generate real-time, non-invasive, and accurate animal-level information. Such technology has emerged as a powerful tool to predict animal identification, body weight, biometric measurements, complex behavioral traits, and feed bunk score. However, the development of a computer vision system requires sophisticated statistical and computational approaches for efficient data management and appropriate data mining, as it involves massive datasets. The objective of this talk is to provide an overview of how computer vision systems can be an effective tool to integrate animal-level information and to create predictive modeling for precise management decisions. We will discuss some of the challenges, applications, and potentials of computer vision systems in livestock, and some examples to be presented include: (1) monitoring animal growth and behavior; (2) automated feed bunk management; (3) individual animal recognition; and (4) particle size distribution in total mixed ration. The development of computer vision technologies will potentially have a major impact in the livestock industry by predicting real-time and accurate phenotypes, which, in the future, could be used to improve farm management decisions, breeding programs, and to build optimal data-driven interventions.
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Paik, Jeom kee, Jin Young Kim, and Min Soo Kim. "Ultimate Limit State Performance of 170k Bulk Carrier Structures: Pre-CSR versus CSR Designs." Marine Technology and SNAME News 46, no. 03 (July 1, 2009): 174–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/mtsn.2009.46.3.174.

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The objective of the present paper is to evaluate the ultimate limit state (ULS) performance of 170k bulk carrier structures designed by the IACS common structural rules (CSR) method, compared with the similar-class/type bulk carrier structure designed by the IACS pre-CSR method. The ultimate strengths of stiffened plate structures in deck, side, and bottom parts, and hull girders against vertical bending moment, are computed for the two designs, and the resulting computations are compared. ALPS/ULSAP program is used for the ultimate limit state assessment of stiffened plate structures, and ALPS/HULL program is employed for the progressive hull collapse analysis. The insights and developments obtained from the present study are documented.
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Feng, L., P. A. Pella, and B. J. Cross. "A Versatile Fundamental Alphas Program for Use with Either Tube or Secondary Target Excitation." Advances in X-ray Analysis 33 (1989): 509–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1154/s0376030800019947.

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During this decade, several influence-coefficient algorithms have been published which utilize fundamental parameter equations to correct interelement effects in bulk samples. The Comprehensive Algorithm of Lachance (COLA) is one such algorithm and is used in the program NBSGSC(l). Another COLA-based computer program called FLY-FPM has been developed in China by one of the authors (L. Feng). Using FLY-FPM as a starting point, we developed a new COLA-based program as part of a Cooperative Research Agreement with Kevex Instruments. This program was designed for use with x-ray spectrometers that employ both tube and secondary targets for excitation. For direct tube excitation, the NIST tube spectral distribution algorithm is used in this program (2). For secondary target excitation, the radiation is usually treated as being monochromatic, and fundamental parameter expressions are formulated with this in mind.
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Bartenfelder, D. C., A. D. Karathanasis, and T. M. Sobecki. "A personal computer program for calculation of soil bulk density coefficient of linear extensibility, and linear shrinkage." Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 17, no. 7 (July 1986): 725–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00103628609367746.

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Wichman, BG HM, G. C. Sills, and R. Gonzalez. "Experimental validation of a finite strain theory for gassy mud." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 37, no. 6 (December 1, 2000): 1227–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t00-055.

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In the Netherlands large quantities of polluted mud must be stored in large-scale disposal sites. The storage capacity of these sites and the outflow of contaminated pore water can be predicted by means of one-dimensional finite strain theory. By making various theoretical assumptions, a self-weight consolidation computer program for gassy sludge has been developed. These assumptions are verified by simulating a small-scale column test with biogenic gas production. Good agreement was obtained between the measured and simulated density profiles, excess pore pressures, and settlements. This paper also deals with the validation of simulations with this computer program by means of field measurements from the Slufter disposal site, which is used to store polluted mud from Rotterdam harbour. The field measurements consist of mud level measurements and profiles of water content, gas content, bulk density, and pore-water pressure for two locations in the disposal site. The computer simulations are in reasonable agreement with the field data. The method described here can be used to predict the future disposal capacity on the basis of estimates of the supply of mud and the production of gas.Key words: consolidation, unsaturated, disposal, experimental, validation, soft soil.
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Tarnawski, Vlodek R., and Bernhard Wagner. "On the prediction of hydraulic conductivity of frozen soils." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 33, no. 1 (March 25, 1996): 176–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t96-033.

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This paper describes a mathematical model for predicting the hydraulic conductivity of partially frozen soils on the basis of limited input data such as grain size distribution and bulk density or porosity. A new model is based on an analogy for the hydraulic conductivity of frozen and unfrozen soils and models for the estimation of hydraulic properties of soils and unfrozen water content. Campbell's model was used for prediction of soil-water characteristics from limited data, while unfrozen water content was obtained from two models (by P.J. Williams and D.M. Anderson) applied to two different temperature ranges. The new model can be used for the rapid estimation of the hydraulic conductivity of practically any freezing soil having log-normal grain size distribution and for computer simulation of moisture migration in soils below the freezing point. An acceptable conformity between the model prediction and measured data for pure sand has been achieved. The computer program developed requires the following input data: grain size distribution, bulk density or porosity, and soil temperature. Key words: frozen soils, hydraulic conductivity, bulk density, grain size distribution, unfrozen water content.
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JONA, F., P. M. MARCUS, E. ZANAZZI, and M. MAGLIETTA. "STRUCTURE OF Ag{410}." Surface Review and Letters 06, no. 03n04 (June 1999): 355–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x99000354.

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A quantitative low-energy electron diffraction (QLEED) analysis of data collected from a clean Ag{410} surface finds no relaxation of the first interlayer spacing, 36% compression of the second interlayer spacing and 18% expansion of the third interlayer spacing with respect to the bulk value (0.496 Å). The Ag{410} surface is a stepped surface with the smallest interlayer spacing analyzed so far by QLEED with the computer program CHANGE. Some difficulties in the analysis are discussed.
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Trindade, Vicente Braz, Hans-Jürgen Christ, and Ulrich Krupp. "Computer-based simulation of kinetics of internal corrosion of engineering alloys at high-temperatures." Rem: Revista Escola de Minas 62, no. 2 (June 2009): 185–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0370-44672009000200009.

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A reasonable prediction of the service life of structures or equipment operating at high-temperatures in aggressive atmospheres requires a full understanding of the degradation mechanisms of the material due to mechanical loading and corrosion. The overall objective of this study is to simulate high-temperature corrosion processes under near-service conditions, which require both, a thermodynamic model to predict phase stabilities for given conditions and a mathematical description of the kinetic process, i.e., solid state diffusion. A computer program was developed in which the thermodynamic program library ChemApp is integrated into a numerical finite-difference diffusion calculation to treat internal oxidation, nitridation and sulfidization processes in various commercial alloys. The model is capable of simulating multi-phase internal corrosion processes controlled by solid-state diffusion into the bulk metal as well as intergranular corrosion occurring in low-alloy steels by fast inward oxygen transport along the grain boundaries of the substrate. In this article, dilute and monophase solutions are considered.
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Xu, Yixuan, Anfeng Liu, and Changqin Huang. "Delay-Aware Program Codes Dissemination Scheme in Internet of Everything." Mobile Information Systems 2016 (2016): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2436074.

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Due to recent advancements in big data, connection technologies, and smart devices, our environment is transforming into an “Internet of Everything” (IoE) environment. These smart devices can obtain new or special functions by reprogramming: upgrade their soft systems through receiving new version of program codes. However, bulk codes dissemination suffers from large delay, energy consumption, and number of retransmissions because of the unreliability of wireless links. In this paper, a delay-aware program dissemination (DAPD) scheme is proposed to disseminate program codes with fast, reliable, and energy-efficient style. We observe that although total energy is limited in wireless sensor network, there exists residual energy in nodes deployed far from the base station. Therefore, DAPD scheme improves the performance of bulk codes dissemination through the following two aspects. (1) Due to the fact that a high transmitting power can significantly improve the quality of wireless links, transmitting power of sensors with more residual energy is enhanced to improve link quality. (2) Due to the fact that performance of correlated dissemination tends to degrade in a highly dynamic environment, link correlation is autonomously updated in DAPD during codes dissemination to maintain improvements brought by correlated dissemination. Theoretical analysis and experimental results show that, compared with previous work, DAPD scheme improves the dissemination performance in terms of completion time, transmission cost, and the efficiency of energy utilization.
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DAS, ARIYAM, and CARLO ZANIOLO. "A Case for Stale Synchronous Distributed Model for Declarative Recursive Computation." Theory and Practice of Logic Programming 19, no. 5-6 (September 2019): 1056–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1471068419000358.

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AbstractA large class of traditional graph and data mining algorithms can be concisely expressed in Datalog, and other Logic-based languages, once aggregates are allowed in recursion. In fact, for most BigData algorithms, the difficult semantic issues raised by the use of non-monotonic aggregates in recursion are solved byPre-Mappability(${\cal P}$reM), a property that assures that for a program with aggregates in recursion there is an equivalent aggregate-stratified program. In this paper we show that, by bringing together the formal abstract semantics of stratified programs with the efficient operational one of unstratified programs,$\[{\cal P}\]$reMcan also facilitate and improve their parallel execution. We prove that$\[{\cal P}\]$reM-optimized lock-free and decomposable parallel semi-naive evaluations produce the same results as the single executor programs. Therefore,$\[{\cal P}\]$reMcan be assimilated into the data-parallel computation plans of different distributed systems, irrespective of whether these follow bulk synchronous parallel (BSP) or asynchronous computing models. In addition, we show that non-linear recursive queries can be evaluated using a hybrid stale synchronous parallel (SSP) model on distributed environments. After providing a formal correctness proof for the recursive query evaluation with$\[{\cal P}\]$reMunder this relaxed synchronization model, we present experimental evidence of its benefits.
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Miyazaki, N., and S. Okuyama. "Development of finite element computer program for dislocation density analysis of bulk semiconductor single crystals during Czochralski growth." Journal of Crystal Growth 183, no. 1-2 (January 1998): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-0248(97)00388-6.

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31

Wanner, O., and E. Morgenroth. "Biofilm modeling with AQUASIM." Water Science and Technology 49, no. 11-12 (June 1, 2004): 137–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0824.

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AQUASIM is a computer program for the identification and simulation of aquatic systems. The program includes a one-dimensional multisubstrate and multispecies biofilm model and represents a suitable tool for biofilm simulation. The program can be used to calculate substrate removal in biofilm reactors for any user specified microbial system. One-dimensional spatial profiles of substrates and microbial species in the biofilm can be predicted. The program also calculates the development of the biofilm thickness and of the substrates and microbial species in the biofilm and in the bulk fluid over time. Detachment and attachment of microbial cells at the biofilm surface and in the biofilm interior can be considered, and simulations of sloughing events can be performed. Furthermore, AQUASIM allows pseudo two-dimensional modeling of plug flow biofilm reactors by a series of biofilm reactor compartments. The most significant limitation of the model is that it only considers spatial gradients of substrates and microbial species in the biofilm in the direction perpendicular to the substratum.
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Kupec, Michal, Peter Stradiot, and Štefan Rehák. "Comparison Of Selected Pedotransfer Functions For The Determination Of Soil Water Retention Curves." Slovak Journal of Civil Engineering 23, no. 3 (September 1, 2015): 33–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sjce-2015-0016.

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Abstract Soil water retention curves were measured using a sandbox and the pressure plate extractor method on undisturbed soil samples from the Borská Lowland. The basic soil properties (e.g. soil texture, dry bulk density) of the samples were determined. The soil water retention curve was described using the van Genuchten model (Van Genuchten, 1980). The parameters of the model were obtained using the RETC program (Van Genuchten et al., 1991). For the determination of the soil water retention curve parameters, two pedotransfer functions (PTF) were also used that were derived for this area by Skalová (2003) and the Rosetta computer program (Schaap et al., 2001). The performance of the PTFs was characterized using the mean difference and root mean square error.
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Stolarski, T. A. "Probability of Scuffing in Lubricated Contacts." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Mechanical Engineering Science 203, no. 6 (November 1989): 361–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1989_203_129_02.

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An analytical determination of the probability of scuffing is presented and used to modify and extend a computer program that was the subject of earlier work. The program identifies conditions that produce boundary or mixed lubrication with asperity overlaps for which the plasticity index is greater than 0.6. It then imposes, as a necessary prerequisite for scuffing, the condition that the surface bulk plus flash temperature is high enough to cause significant desorption of adsorbed lubricant film. For such conditions determination of the probabilities of asperity contact and of plastic asperity contact provide upper and lower bounds respectively to the probability of scuffing. It is shown that in this way critical ranges of conditions can be clearly distinguished from ranges for which scuffing is unlikely.
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Černý, Miroslav, and Jaroslav Pokluda. "Elasticity and Stability of Fe-P Ordered Systems from First Principles." Materials Science Forum 482 (April 2005): 135–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.482.135.

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Elastic properties of Fe-P ordered system (the bulk modulus and the theoretical strength under isotropic tension) are computed by means of ab initio computational program code VASP. Different configurations and relative amounts of constituent atoms are considered in the crystal cells of known stable phases as well as of some hypothetical structures. The influence of a relative content of P in the alloy on computed properties is studied. Magnetic ordering is taken into account by means of collinear spin-polarization. The results of calculations reveal that, somewhat surprisingly, no dramatic changes of elastic moduli are to be expected up to the 67% atomic concentration of P.
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35

Bakker, Ronald J. "Package FLUIDS 1. Computer programs for analysis of fluid inclusion data and for modelling bulk fluid properties." Chemical Geology 194, no. 1-3 (March 2003): 3–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0009-2541(02)00268-1.

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36

Suijlen, Wijnand. "Mock BSPlib for Testing and Debugging Bulk Synchronous Parallel Software." Parallel Processing Letters 27, no. 01 (March 2017): 1740001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129626417400011.

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Testing parallel applications on a large number of processors is often impractical. Not only does it require access to scarce compute resources, but tracking down defects with the available debugging tools can often be very time consuming. Highly parallel codes should be testable on one processor at a time, so that a developer’s workstation is sufficient for executing and debugging test cases on millions of processes. Thanks to its supersteps, Bulk Synchronous Parallel programs are well suited for this kind of testing. This paper presents a mocking library for BSPlib which enables testing of fast and complex parallel algorithms at scale.
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GAVA, FRÉDÉRIC. "A MODULAR IMPLEMENTATION OF DATA STRUCTURES IN BULK-SYNCHRONOUS PARALLEL ML." Parallel Processing Letters 18, no. 01 (March 2008): 39–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129626408003211.

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A functional data-parallel language called BSML has been designed for programming Bulk-Synchronous Parallel algorithms. Many sequential algorithms do not have parallel counterparts and many non-computer science researchers do not want to deal with parallel programming. In sequential programming environments, common data structures are often provided through reusable libraries to simplify the development of applications. A parallel representation of such data structures is thus a solution for writing parallel programs without suffering from disadvantages of all the features of a parallel language. In this paper we describe a modular implementation in BSML of some data structures and show how those data types can address the needs of many potential users of parallel machines who have so far been deterred by the complexity of parallelizing code.
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38

Gauvin, Raynald. "X-Ray Emission of Porous Materials In The Scanning Electron Microscope Computed Using Monte Carlo Simulations." Microscopy and Microanalysis 3, S2 (August 1997): 883–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600011302.

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Conventional quantitative X-ray microanalysis in the scanning electron microscope or in the electron microprobe is valid for specimens of bulk homogeneous composition and with flat and polished surfaces. Quantitative methods, using X-ray microanalysis and Monte Carlo simulations of electron trajectories in solids, have been developed for the chemical analysis of spherical inclusions embedded in a matrix and for multilayered specimens. In this paper, the effect of porosity and of the size of the pores are investigated concerning their effect on X-ray emission using Monte Carlo simulation of electron trajectories in solids since porous materials are of great technological importance.This new Monte Carlo program uses elastic Mott cross-sections to compute electron trajectories and the Joy & Luo modification of the continuous Bethe law of energy loss and the details are given elsewhere. This program assumes that all the pores are spherical and have the same size.
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39

Haraden, John. "C programs for controlling pore and bulk volume compressibility experiments." Computers & Geosciences 19, no. 5 (May 1993): 717–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0098-3004(93)90104-d.

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40

Ostrikov, A. N., L. N. Frolova, A. I. Aleksandrov, and V. V. Posmetiev. "Simulation mathematical model of the mixing process of bulk components in the mixer." Proceedings of the Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies 81, no. 2 (November 1, 2019): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.20914/2310-1202-2019-2-13-21.

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The developed simulation model allows computer experiments on mixing components in which the parameters of the components of the mixture or mixer are changed, the nature of the influence of the parameter is established and recommendations for choosing the optimal values of the parameter are given. The model of the mixing process takes into account the size, shape and rheological properties of the components of the mixture, as well as the interaction of the bulk material with the working surfaces of the mixer (blades, blade struts, shafts, housing). The simulation mathematical model of the mixer has a high spatial resolution for the correct reproduction of the interaction of particles in the mixing process. In the framework of the finite element approximation, the bulk material is represented as a set of elements. The particle dynamics method was used to model the mechanical behavior of the mixture. Modeling is performed in three-dimensional Cartesian space. The state of each element is defined by six variables: the coordinates of its center and the velocity components. The solution of this system of differential equations of the second order are the functions that determine the trajectories of motion of the elements and allow to evaluate the efficiency of the mixing process. To solve differential equations of this kind, the second – order numerical method-Runge-Kutta is used. A computer program in the Object Pascal language in the Borland Delphi 7 integrated programming environment has been developed to implement the calculation according to the above formulas and to make it easier to conduct a series of computer experiments. The developed mathematical model of the process of mixing of bulk components allows to choose rational technological modes of mixing, which makes it possible to increase the homogeneity of mixing up to 98 %, and to calculate the kinematic mode of the mixing process in the mixer by creating a "quasi-weight" hydrodynamic mixing mode and a significant acceleration of the mixing process.
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41

Kapustová, Mária, and Jozef Bílik. "The Precision Forging Experiment of Mg Alloy Drop Forging Using Computer Simulation." Advanced Materials Research 1064 (December 2014): 175–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1064.175.

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Rapid development of automotive industry brings increasing demand for die forgings made from non-ferrous metals. Market economy stimulates drop forges to produce forged pieces of highest quality and dimension precision with the accent on reduction in production costs. Precision die forging without flash belongs to progressive and economical technologies of die forgings production. This paper describes an experiment of precision forging in closed die of magnesium alloy type AZ 31. Given alloy type Mg-Al-Zn is suitable for bulk forming and is characterized by good hot formability. Achieved results may be applied in practice at production of longitudinal shaped forgings e.g. levers and connecting rods. In order to verify a design of closed die forging technology regarding the lever-shaped forged piece, simulation program MSC.SuperForge was used. Numeric simulation was significantly helpful at optimization of semi-product shape and dimensions and confirmed correct plastic flow of material in closed die cavity. The objective of this contribution was to point out current trends in searching for economical measures at production of die forgings from alloys of non-ferrous metals.
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42

Bastin, G. F., H. J. M. Heijligers, and J. M. Dijkstra. "Computer programs for the calculation of x-ray intensities emitted by elements in multi-layer structures." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 48, no. 2 (August 12, 1990): 216–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100134685.

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For the calculation of X-ray intensities emitted by elements present in multi-layer systems it is vital to have an accurate knowledge of the x-ray ionization vs. mass-depth (ϕ(ρz)) curves as a function of accelerating voltage and atomic number of films and substrate. Once this knowledge is available the way is open to the analysis of thin films in which both the thicknesses as well as the compositions can usually be determined simultaneously.Our bulk matrix correction “PROZA” with its proven excellent performance for a wide variety of applications (e.g., ultra-light element analysis, extremes in accelerating voltage) has been used as the basis for the development of the software package discussed here. The PROZA program is based on our own modifications of the surface-centred Gaussian ϕ(ρz) model, originally introduced by Packwood and Brown. For its extension towards thin film applications it is required to know how the 4 Gaussian parameters α, β, γ and ϕ(o) for each element in each of the films are affected by the film thickness and the presence of other layers and the substrate.
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43

Cheng, P. G., A. L. He, Y. J. Nie, J. Wu, X. L. Li, and Z. R. Li. "RESEARCH AND IMPLEMENTATION OF 3D CITY BATCH RAPID MODELLING METHOD." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-3/W10 (February 8, 2020): 1107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-w10-1107-2020.

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Abstract. For the current 3D city modelling, the use of computer programs for batch modelling of non-fine models can only ensure the building height information, and cannot effectively use the attribute information of 2D data; and the manual modelling method for the road ancillary facilities has the disadvantages of modelling and placement of streetlamps, low efficiency, and inaccurate positions, a 3D modelling method based on parametric modelling technology and 3DMax modelling technology to realize batch modelling of non-fine buildings and urban streetlamps was proposed. Firstly, the spatial and attribute information of two-dimensional surveying data is used as basic data; then, through the geometric functions provided by CityEngine, combined with the characteristics of the main building and roof structure of the village in the city, the functions of generating the building structure is constructed, and the batch-based automatic modelling is compiled. The program uses the bottom attribute information to control the structure and texture of the model. . The external model was introduced through geometric function, use the attribute information and the adjacent angle of the road centerline to control the style, size and direction of the streetlamp, realize the batch automatic construction at the streetlamp coordinate point. Finally, the Python language bulk export model plug-in and a MaxScript script bulk import model plugin are compiled to improve work efficiency and model compatibility. Through experiments and performance analysis, it is shown that the method can guarantee the rapid establishment of 3D models of buildings and streetlamps, and the structure and texture are vivid. It is well compatible with 3DMax and can be directly modified and format converted.
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44

Słodkowski, Marcin, Patryk Gawryszewski, Patryk Marcinkowski, Dominik Setniewski, and Joanna Porter-Sobieraj. "Simulations of Energy Losses in the Bulk Nuclear Medium Using Hydrodynamics on the Graphics Cards (GPU)." Proceedings 10, no. 1 (April 15, 2019): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019010027.

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We are developing a software for energy loss simulation which is affected by jets in the nuclear matter described by relativistic hydrodynamics. Our program uses a Cartesian coordinate system in order to provide high spatial resolution for the analysis of jets propagation in nuclear matter. In this work, we use 7th order WENO numerical algorithm which is resistant to numerical oscillations and diffusions. For simulating energy losses in the bulk nuclear medium, we develop efficient hydrodynamic simulation program for parallel computing using Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) and Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA). It allows us to prepare event-by-event simulations in high computing precision in order to study jet modifications in the medium and event-by-event simulations of fluctuating initial conditions. In our simulation, we start the hydrodynamic simulation from generation initial condition based on the UrQMD model in order to simulate comparable nucleus-nucleus interaction in the RHIC and LHC energies. The main part of this simulation is the computation of hydrodynamic system evolution. We present obtained energy density distributions which can be compared to experimental results.
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45

Miyazaki, N., H. Uchida, T. Tsukada, and T. Fukuda. "Quantitative assessment for cracking in oxide bulk single crystals during Czochralski growth: development of a computer program for thermal stress analysis." Journal of Crystal Growth 162, no. 1-2 (April 1996): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-0248(95)00934-5.

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46

Duffy, A. H. B., and K. J. MacCallum. "Computer Representation of Numerical Expertise for Preliminary Ship Design." Marine Technology and SNAME News 26, no. 04 (October 1, 1989): 289–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/mt1.1989.26.4.289.

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In the early stages of ship design a considerable amount of experience and knowledge is used to build and evaluate empirical models with known design relationships. However, computer-based systems which aim to assist this stage have tended to concentrate on the analytical aspects of the process and have not been successful in integrating with this expertise and benefitting from it. This paper presents some of the results of a program of research into methods and representing knowledge of empirical numerical relationships used in these early stages of the design process. The work is based on an experimental system, DESIGNER, described in earlier papers. The DESIGNER system is used to carry out a series of evaluations of design sessions, using a warship design model. By examining the progress toward a set of design goals and the classes of interactions used, an improved understanding of the requirements of an interactive numerical design system is developed. As a consequence, methods have been developed to handle approximate values and relationships, to include design margins, and to represent explicitly in the system the definition and use of goals, or design requirements. Using a design model representing a bulk carrier, the paper then presents a worked example to illustrate the use of the new numerical knowledge techniques. It is concluded that the techniques could make a useful contribution to any interactive numerical design system which aims to provide improved use of expertise.
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47

Zhu, Dong, Herbert S. Cheng, Takayuki Arai, and Kyugo Hamai. "A Numerical Analysis for Piston Skirts in Mixed Lubrication—Part I: Basic Modeling." Journal of Tribology 114, no. 3 (July 1, 1992): 553–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2920917.

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This paper presents a mathematical model for piston skirts in mixed lubrication. It takes into account the effects of surface waviness, roughness, piston skirt surface profile, bulk elastic deformation and thermal distortion of both piston skirts and cylinder bore on piston motion, lubrication and friction. The corresponding computer program developed can be used to calculate the entire piston trajectory and the hydrodynamic and contact friction forces as functions of crack angle under engine running conditions. This paper is the first part of a series of two papers. It gives basic information and some preliminary results. The second part will include the major results and discussions, focused on the influences of elastic and thermal deformations.
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48

Thomas, Julian B. "Ranking wheat cultivars for test weight based on small grain samples." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 74, no. 4 (October 1, 1994): 675–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps94-122.

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Although test weight is highly heritable in wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell.), selection for this important trait is limited in the early generations of a breeding program by the availability of seed. In winter wheat, the weight of seed discharged by the Balfour Seed Dispenser or BSD was highly correlated (r = 0.97 to 0.99) with test weight measured using the Dickey John Grain Analysis Computer. The BSD required less labour and less sample (25–80 g) than either the GAC II or Cox Funnel drop methods (300–1000 g) but was also less accurate. Nonetheless the lower confidence interval (P < 0.025) of a measurement on the BSD was only about −0.75% which is equivalent to a negative deviation of about 0.6 kg hL−1. This degree of accuracy should identify most lines of wheat with low test weight in any breeding program. Key words: Breeding, bulk density, bushel weight, selection
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Серга, Георгий, Georgiy Serga, Дмитрий Серый, Dmitriy Seryy, Алексей Марченко, and Aleksey Marchenko. "INVESTIGATION OF PHYSICAL PHENOMENA OCCURRED IN CONTACT AREA OF BULK PARTICLES AT THEIR MOTION IN SCREW DRUMS BY METHODS OF SIMILARITY THEORY, ENGINEERING AND COMPUTER GRAPHICS." Bulletin of Bryansk state technical university 2019, no. 6 (June 27, 2019): 20–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.30987/article_5d10851f18f085.56011612.

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In Trubilin State Agricultural University of Kuban there are created machinery working devices as screw drums allowing the assurance of motion of bulk particles at their horizontal location and also promoting the intensity of particles interaction between each other and with the walls of screw drums which widens technological potentialities and decreases dimensions of equipment and its weight. In the paper there are shown various sorts of screw drums and analytical methods of the study of physical phenomena taking place in the contact area of bulk particles. The search of a screw drum design was carried out by the methods of descriptive geometry and engineering graphics with the aid of the “Compass-3D” program complex. The apparatus of dimensionless kinematic functions (similarity invariant) and the analysis of dimensionalities allowing the investigation not one such a case but their infinite number united by the community of properties was used.
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Kapustová, Mária, and Jozef Bílik. "The Description of Precision Forging Technology in Closed Die of Mg Alloy AZ31 Using Computer Simulation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 686 (October 2014): 78–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.686.78.

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Automotive industry is nowadays constantly strengthening its dominant position. Its primary objective is to reduce weight of automobiles in order to decrease fuel consumption and amount of harmful pollutant emissions. From the viewpoint of further development in the field of automotive industry, very interesting are the issues of die forgings production from light non-ferrous metals. This article describes research of precision die forging technology in closed die with regard to magnesium alloy type AZ 31. Given alloy type Mg-Al-Zn is suitable for bulk forming and is characterized by good formability at hot conditions. Results of this research may be applied to production of forgings with longitudinal shape, e.g. levers and connecting rods. In order to verify the design of forging technology in closed die for lever-shaped forged piece the simulation program MSC.SuperForge was used. Numeric simulation of die forging process confirmed suitable designed shape and dimensions of semi product and also correct material plastic flow in cavity of closed die.
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