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1

Bradford, M. A. "Lateral-distortional buckling of continuously restrained columns." Journal of Constructional Steel Research 42, no. 2 (1997): 121–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0143-974x(97)00023-0.

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2

Li, Q. S. "Buckling of elastically restrained non-uniform columns." Engineering Structures 22, no. 10 (2000): 1231–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0141-0296(99)00079-6.

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3

Cai, Jianguo, and Jian Feng. "Thermal buckling of rotationally restrained steel columns." Journal of Constructional Steel Research 66, no. 6 (2010): 835–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2010.01.010.

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4

Cai, JianGuo, YiXiang Xu, Jian Feng, and Jin Zhang. "Buckling and post-buckling of rotationally restrained columns with imperfections." Science China Physics, Mechanics and Astronomy 55, no. 8 (2012): 1519–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11433-012-4811-9.

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5

Nethercot, David A., Patrick A. Kirby, and Abdussalam M. Rifai. "Columns in partially restrained construction: analytical studies." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 14, no. 4 (1987): 485–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l87-073.

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The American Institute of Steel Construction Proposed Load and Resistance Factor Design Specification recognizes the ability of connections that function as less than fully rigid to transmit limited moments and to provide some measure of end restraint to columns in its definition of partially restrained (PR) construction. An analytical procedure for determining the response up to collapse of subassemblages in which semirigid beam-to-column connections are present is derived. This employs a nonlinear finite element column analysis together with analytical representation of experimentally determ
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6

Zaruma, Santiago R., and Larry A. Fahnestock. "Seismic Stability of Buckling-Restrained Braced Frames." Key Engineering Materials 763 (February 2018): 924–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.763.924.

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Buckling Restrained Braced Frames (BRBFs) are widely used as seismic force resisting systems due to their ductility and energy dissipation. However, because of the modest overstrength and relatively low post-yielding stiffness, BRBFs subjected to seismic loading may be susceptible to concentrations of story drift and global instability triggered by P-∆ effects. Due to the use of simplistic methods that are based on elastic stability, current code design provisions do not address seismic stability rigorously and do not consider the particular inelastic response of a system. Design strategies ar
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7

HOZJAN, TOMAŽ, IGOR PLANINC, MIRAN SAJE, and STANISLAV SRPČIČ. "BUCKLING OF AN AXIALLY RESTRAINED STEEL COLUMN UNDER FIRE LOADING." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 11, no. 03 (2011): 451–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455411004245.

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Analytical procedure, based on the linearized stability analysis, is presented for the determination of the buckling load and the buckling temperature of a straight, geometrically perfect, axially loaded steel column subjected to an increasing temperature simulating fire conditions. The nonlinear kinematical equations and the nonlinearity of material are considered. The stress–strain relation for steel at the elevated temperature and the rules for reduction of material parameters due to increased temperature are taken from European standard EC 3. Theoretical findings are applied in the paramet
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8

Cristutiu, Ionel Mircea, and Adrian Ioan Dogariu. "Local and Global Stability of I Steel Members with Tapered Web via Advanced Nonlinear Analysis." Advanced Materials Research 710 (June 2013): 372–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.710.372.

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Steel structural elements with variable cross section, made of welded plates, are largely used in the construction industry for both beams and columns in accordance with the stress and stiffness demand in the structure. These types of elements are mainly used for the design of singles storey frames with pitched roof rafters and pinned column base. Although they are partially restrained against out of plane buckling by side-rails and roof purlins cooperating with sheeting, in current design practice it is quite difficult to evaluate their influence. Present paper deals with nonlinear elastic-pl
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9

Damodaran Chitra, Mitra, and Bindhu Kochunarayana Rugmini. "Influence of Buckling Restrained Reinforcement on Behavior of Columns." Practice Periodical on Structural Design and Construction 25, no. 4 (2020): 04020034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)sc.1943-5576.0000520.

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10

Corona, Edmundo. "Buckling Mode Localization in Restrained Columns Under Cyclic Loading." Journal of Applied Mechanics 72, no. 4 (2004): 620–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1938203.

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The buckling mode localization of a multiply supported column subjected to fully reversed, displacement-controlled cyclic loading is studied numerically. The results show that localization can take place and lead to limit loads similar to those reported in other structural members in the literature. Analysis of the results reveals the mechanisms by which localization takes place.
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11

Hozjan, Tomaz, Igor Planinc, Miran Saje, and Stanislav Srpcic. "Buckling of restrained steel columns due to fire conditions." Steel and Composite Structures 8, no. 2 (2008): 159–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/scs.2008.8.2.159.

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12

Seide, P. "Buckling of a Rectangular Frame Revisited." Journal of Applied Mechanics 54, no. 3 (1987): 617–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3173078.

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An investigation of the buckling under uniform beam load of a rectangular frame with columns restrained by linear rotational springs indicates that for certain ranges of bending stiffness ratio, length-height ratio, and support rotational stiffness parameter, the antisymmetrical bifurcation mode of buckling does not exist and buckling occurs at a symmetrical deformation limit load. The ranges of parameters for which this phenomenon may be important are studied.
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13

Wang, Chien‐Ming, Yang Xiang, and Sritawat Kitipornchai. "Buckling of Restrained Columns with Shear Deformation and Axial Shortening." Journal of Engineering Mechanics 117, no. 9 (1991): 1973–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9399(1991)117:9(1973).

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14

Li, Guo-Qiang, Peijun Wang, and Hetao Hou. "Post-buckling behaviours of axially restrained steel columns in fire." Steel & Composite structures 9, no. 2 (2009): 89–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/scs.2009.9.2.089.

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15

Singh, Kumar Vikram, and Guoqiang Li. "Buckling of functionally graded and elastically restrained non-uniform columns." Composites Part B: Engineering 40, no. 5 (2009): 393–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2009.03.001.

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16

Shepherd, P. G., and I. W. Burgess. "On the buckling of axially restrained steel columns in fire." Engineering Structures 33, no. 10 (2011): 2832–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2011.06.007.

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17

Vrcelj, Z., and M. A. Bradford. "Elastic distortional buckling of continuously restrained I-section beam–columns." Journal of Constructional Steel Research 62, no. 3 (2006): 223–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2005.07.014.

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18

YE, JI-HONG, and WEI CHEN. "ELASTIC RESTRAINED DISTORTIONAL BUCKLING OF STEEL-CONCRETE COMPOSITE BEAMS BASED ON ELASTICALLY SUPPORTED COLUMN METHOD." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 13, no. 01 (2013): 1350001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455413500016.

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Restrained distortional buckling (RDB) is different from overall buckling and distortional buckling, and it usually occurs in the hogging moment region of composite beams. It may govern the member design for some cases, and should be taken into consideration. The present paper investigates the elastic RDB of composite beams based on elastically supported column method. First, Svensson's elastically supported column model is improved by including the participation of the web as part of the buckling column. The corresponding theoretical expressions for the improved elastically support column sub
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19

Zhang, Ji Gang, Jian Han, and Wen Yan Deng. "Experimental Study of Buckling-Restrained Brace System with Pall-Typed Frictional Damper." Advanced Materials Research 163-167 (December 2010): 2973–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.163-167.2973.

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In view of general braces of Pall-typed frictional damper will produce additional axial forces on side column in frame, considering the buckling-restrained braces(BRB) to replace the general braces to make the braces action fully, it would not generate the growth of additional axial forces on side columns, to settle basis for BRBs’ application in Pall friction damping brace system. Because hysteresis behaviors of the Pall-typed friction damper are not affected by brace buckling forces, this paper puts forward that the braces use the ordinary steel plate replacing BRB core plate to do Pall-type
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20

Blebo, Felix C., and David A. Roke. "Seismic-resistant self-centering rocking core system with buckling restrained columns." Engineering Structures 173 (October 2018): 372–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2018.06.117.

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21

Almasri, Amin H., and Hesham H. Alayan. "Numerical Evaluation of Steel Columns Stability under Various Cases of Thermal Loads." Advanced Materials Research 685 (April 2013): 290–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.685.290.

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This paper presents the results of a simulation study of fire tests of restrained (fixed-hinged) hot rolled steel column sections subjected to axial compression in addition to constant and variable thermal loads. Finite element computer software is utilized to study steel columns stability under thermal loads using three approaches; non-linear buckling analysis, thermal structural-Load Transfer Method (LTM) analysis, and Direct Coupled Field analysis. The finite element results are in good agreement with experimental results found in literature. The Direct Coupled Field analysis is also used t
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22

Lukkunaprasit, P., T. Tangbunchoo, and K. Rodsin. "Enhancement of seismic performance of reinforced concrete columns with buckling-restrained reinforcement." Engineering Structures 33, no. 12 (2011): 3311–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2011.08.019.

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23

Lee, Byoung Koo, Guangfan Li, Suk Ki Kim, and Dae Soon Ahn. "Buckling loads of linearly tapered columns laterally restrained by multiple elastic springs." KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering 7, no. 3 (2003): 305–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02831781.

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24

Couto, Carlos, Paulo Vila Real, Nuno Lopes, and Bin Zhao. "Local buckling in laterally restrained steel beam-columns in case of fire." Journal of Constructional Steel Research 122 (July 2016): 543–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2016.04.012.

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25

Tan, K. H., and W. F. Yuan. "Buckling of elastically restrained steel columns under longitudinal non-uniform temperature distribution." Journal of Constructional Steel Research 64, no. 1 (2008): 51–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2007.02.003.

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26

Li, Guo-Qiang, and Chao Zhang. "Creep effect on buckling of axially restrained steel columns in real fires." Journal of Constructional Steel Research 71 (April 2012): 182–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2011.09.006.

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27

Wan, Jun, Jian Cai, Yue-Ling Long, and Qing-Jun Chen. "Local buckling of rectangular concrete-filled steel tubular columns with binding bars under eccentric compression." Advances in Structural Engineering 23, no. 10 (2020): 2204–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1369433220911117.

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Based on the energy method, this article presents a theoretical study on the elastic local buckling of steel plates in rectangular concrete-filled steel tubular columns with binding bars subjected to eccentric compression. The formulas for elastic local buckling strength of the steel plates in eccentrically loaded rectangular concrete-filled steel tubular columns with binding bars are derived, assuming that the loaded edges are clamped and the unloaded edges of the steel plate are elastically restrained against rotation. Then, the experimental results are compared with these formulas, which ex
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28

Kam, Weng Yuen, Richard Built, Brandt Saxey, and Jerod Johnson. "Buckling-Restrained Braces (BRB) Seismic Design - A Consulting Engineer’s Consideration." Key Engineering Materials 763 (February 2018): 932–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.763.932.

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There is no standard for the design of Buckling-Restrained Braces (BRBs) frames in New Zealand. Consequently, a consulting engineer would need to consider a range of overseas design standards and latest research findings and incorporate into a New Zealand code-compliance framework. This “Alternative Solution” pathway to satisfy the New Zealand Building Code means peer review and agreement with peer review is required. This paper describes the design journey and technical challenges the authors had in the seismic design of the BRB for the New Zealand International Convention Centre (NZICC). BRB
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29

TSUDA, Keigo, and Masae KIDO. "FLEXURAL-TORSIONAL BUCKLING OF BEAM-COLUMNS RESTRAINED AGAINST SWAY AND ROTATION AT A CENTER." Journal of Structural and Construction Engineering (Transactions of AIJ) 78, no. 684 (2013): 377–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aijs.78.377.

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30

Jiang, Qing, Hanqin Wang, Yulong Feng, Xun Chong, Xiaowei Wang, and Yi Zhu. "Experimental and numerical studies of a controlled rocking steel frame with buckling-restrained columns." Structures 24 (April 2020): 690–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2020.02.005.

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31

Li, Yan-Wen, Guo-Qiang Li, Jian Jiang, and Yan-Bo Wang. "Use of energy-dissipative rocking columns to enhance seismic performance of buckling-restrained braced frames." Journal of Constructional Steel Research 159 (August 2019): 548–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2019.04.041.

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32

Senol, Erkan, Ismail Kose, Bilge Doran, Pelin Elif Mezrea, and Bulent Akbas. "Ductility Enhancement in Reinforced Concrete Structure with Buckling Restrained Braced Frames." Applied Mechanics and Materials 847 (July 2016): 281–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.847.281.

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Adding braces to moment frames is considered to be quite an efficient technique for increasing the global stiffness and strength of the structure. It has not only been used in steel moment frames, but also in reinforced concrete (RC) moment frames in recent years. It certainly can increase the energy absorption capacity of structures and also decrease the demand imposed by seismic ground motions. Steel braces are anchored firmly to boundary beams and columns. They are modeled as truss elements and increase earthquake resistance of the building. Buckling restrained braced frames (BRBFs) in whic
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33

Li, Yongxing, Jianzhong Li, Yu Shen, and Wenjing Xu. "Cyclic Behavior and Simplified Design Method of Hybrid Rocking Columns with External Energy-Dissipators." Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami 14, no. 06 (2020): 2050026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793431120500268.

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In recent years, hybrid rocking columns incorporating post-tensioned (PT) tendons and energy dissipation devices become prevalent on account of the superior self-centering capacity. In this paper, the simplified analysis method based on interface section analysis is employed to conduct parametric analyses on the hybrid rocking columns with external buckling-restrained devices, which are adopted as the external energy-dissipators. The effects of four parameters including the aspect ratio, the initial PT force, the area of PT tendons and the area of energy-dissipators are investigated. Furthermo
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34

Kumar K, Nanda. "Comparative Study of Conventional Steel Braces and Buckling Restrained Braces in a High-Rise RC Building." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VII (2021): 3363–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.37160.

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A study was carried out on a reinforced concrete building with conventional steel braces and buckling restrained braces (BRB) for seismic analysis with dissimilar type of bracing system ( V type, inverted V type, X type, Zig-Zag bracing) is considered. The bracing is providing for outer exterior columns. A twenty-five storey (G+25) building is located at earthquake zone 2 & 4. The structure models are examined by response spectrum method using ETABS2016 program. The parameters which are consider in this research to equate the seismic investigation of buildings are storey displacement, stor
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35

Li, Guo Qiang, Hua Jian Jin, Meng De Pang, Yan Wen Li, Ying Zhi Sun, and Fei Fei Sun. "Development of Structural Metal Energy-Dissipation Techniques for Seismic Disaster Mitigation of Buildings in China." Key Engineering Materials 763 (February 2018): 18–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.763.18.

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Buildings in seismic zones are required to provide proper stiffness and load-bearing capacity to resist frequent earthquakes, and possess proper ductility and energy-dissipating capacity to prevent collapse under rare earthquakes. To meet these requirements, the concept of structural energy-dissipation techniques for the bi-functions of load-bearing and energy dissipating are proposed. A number of structural metal energy-dissipation elements, such as buckling-restrained steel plate shear walls, non-buckling corrugated steel plate shear walls, two-level yielding steel coupling beams and energy-
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36

Jiang, Qing, Hanqin Wang, Yulong Feng, Xun Chong, and Linbing Hou. "Analytical and experimental studies on a two-level yielding rocking steel frame with buckling-restrained columns (TYRSFB)." Engineering Structures 235 (May 2021): 112008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2021.112008.

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37

Yang, Yuan Long, Jing Shu Zhang, and Yu Yin Wang. "Experimental Research on Static Behavior of Stiffened Square Concrete-Filled Steel Tubular Columns Subjected to Axial Load." Applied Mechanics and Materials 275-277 (January 2013): 1049–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.275-277.1049.

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Square concrete-filled steel tubes (CFSTs) are gaining increasing usage in modern construction practice, offering improved mechanical properties and increased material efficiency compared with the individual steel and core concrete components. However, the cross-section slenderness of the encasing steel is, although more inflexible than a comparable hollow steel tube, restrained due to local buckling. A number of innovative kinds of reinforcement stiffeners have been put forward particularly for the square CFSTs with slender sections of encasing steel. To investigate the mechanical effect of t
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38

Li, Liang, Guoqiang Li, and Tianhua Zhou. "Experimental Study on the Seismic Behavior of a Steel-Concrete Hybrid Structure with Buckling Restrained Braces." Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (March 16, 2020): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9232138.

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The damage to a concrete wall caused by a strong earthquake is generally concentrated at the bottom of the concrete wall, which seriously threatens the safety of the steel-concrete hybrid structure and is very difficult to repair after an earthquake. In this paper, a steel-concrete hybrid structure with buckling restrained braces at a scale of 1/10 is constructed and tested on a shaking table. First, the mechanical properties of the BRBs are obtained through a static reciprocating loading test. Then, the dynamic properties and seismic response of the steel-concrete hybrid structure with BRBs a
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39

Mohammed, Douaa Raheem, and Murtada A. Ismael. "Effect of Semi-Rigid Connection on Post-Buckling Behaviour of Frames Using Finite Element Method." Civil Engineering Journal 5, no. 7 (2019): 1619–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2019-03091358.

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It is very important task to estimate the post buckling for structures that have slender elements, since post-buckling state means loss the structures stability related with large displacement and that lead to demolition the structures. On the other hand, in the design and analysis of steel frame, the beam-columns connection is assumed perfect pin or fully rigid, this assumption leads to incorrect estimation of the structural behaviour. Practically, beam-column connection is between these two assumptions and this type of connection is called semi-rigid. This study presents a numerical analysis
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40

Piluso, Vincenzo. "Editorial: New Advances in Seismic Design and Assessment of Steel Structures." Open Construction and Building Technology Journal 8, no. 1 (2014): 193–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874836801408010193.

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In recent years, rapid advances have taken place in earth-quake engineering as applied to steel structures with major emphasis given to (1) development of advanced procedures for seismic performance assessment, (2) development of advanced design procedures for plastic mechanism control, (3) improvements in structural design detailing, (4) better modeling of members and connections for dynamic non-linear analyses, (5) development of new damping devices for supplementary energy dissipation, (6) development of self-centering structural systems, (7) development and testing of new design strategies
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41

Giżejowski, M. A., R. B. Szczerba, M. D. Gajewski, and Z. Stachura. "Beam-Column In-Plane Resistance Based on the Concept of Equivalent Geometric Imperfections." Archives of Civil Engineering 62, no. 4 (2016): 35–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ace-2015-0108.

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AbstractAssessment of the flexural buckling resistance of bisymmetrical I-section beam-columns using FEM is widely discussed in the paper with regard to their imperfect model. The concept of equivalent geometric imperfections is applied in compliance with the so-called Eurocode’s general method. Various imperfection profiles are considered. The global effect of imperfections on the real compression members behaviour is illustrated by the comparison of imperfect beam-columns resistance and the resistance of their perfect counterparts. Numerous FEM simulations with regard to the stability behavi
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42

Elchalakani, Mohamed, Minhao Dong, and Ali Karrech. "Interaction Diagram of Rubberised Concrete Filled Square Hollow Sections." Journal of Civil Engineering and Construction 8, no. 2 (2019): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.32732/jcec.2019.8.2.55.

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Rubberised concrete utilises waste material, prevents resource extraction and improves concrete ductility, however at the cost of reduced strength and stiffness. The performance of thirty rubberised concrete-filled single-skin steel tubes under combined loading conditions were systematically investigated and comparisons against six steel hollow tubular columns and beams were made. The experimental program consisted of three rubber replacement ratios, 0%, 15% and 30%, three load eccentricities and four tube sections with section slenderness (b/t, width/thickness) of 18 to 50. The results showed
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43

Weng, Jian, Kang Hai Tan, and Chi King Lee. "Identifying Buckling Resistance of Reinforced Concrete Columns During Inelastic Deformation." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 20, no. 03 (2020): 2050029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455420500297.

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A simple solution method to identify buckling resistance of reinforced concrete (RC) columns during inelastic deformation is presented. Unlike conventional buckling solution methods, this proposed method predicts inelastic buckling loads of RC columns by directly solving the equilibrium differential equation under buckling. The method considers specific deflection configuration, end restraint conditions and inelastic material properties of the deformed column. In order to evaluate the reliability and accuracy of the proposed method, the results obtained from the purposed method are compared wi
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44

HUANG, Y., and X. F. LI. "AN ANALYTIC APPROACH FOR EXACTLY DETERMINING CRITICAL LOADS OF BUCKLING OF NONUNIFORM COLUMNS." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 12, no. 04 (2012): 1250027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455412500277.

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This paper studies buckling instability of columns with variable bending stiffness subjected to an axially compressive load. An analytic approach has been presented to determine critical buckling loads of a nonuniform column with or without continuous elastic restraint along its length. We transform this problem into a Fredholm equation, and then to a system of linear equations. The desired buckling loads can be easily obtained by solving the least positive eigenvalue of the resulting system. The validity and efficiency of the method is confirmed by comparing our numerical results with those a
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45

Essa, Hesham S., and D. J. Laurie Kennedy. "Station Square revisited: distortional buckling collapse." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 21, no. 3 (1994): 377–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l94-040.

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After failure of the roof of the new Save-on-Foods store at the Station Square development in Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada, the government of British Columbia established a commissioner inquiry to investigate the causes of collapse. Collapse was attributed to an undersized W610 × 113 beam in the cantilever-suspended span arrangement and inadequate buckling resistance of the beam-column assembly. The analysis of the lateral-torsional buckling resistance of the collapsed beam in the commissioner's report did not take into account two counteracting effects: the detrimental effect of the load
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46

Albert, Charles, Hesham S. Essa, and D. J. Laurie Kennedy. "Distortional buckling of steel beams in cantilever-suspended span construction." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 19, no. 5 (1992): 767–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l92-088.

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The behaviour of cantilever-suspended span systems is influenced by the type of loading and the presence of flange restraint. An experimental program consisting of 33 full-scale tests was undertaken to examine the stability of beams in a single overhang configuration. The results indicate that torsional flange restraint significantly enhances the buckling resistance and is particularly effective when combined with a web stiffener. Lateral bracing of the bottom flange at column supports is of considerable importance in maintaining stability. Simulating the proper boundary conditions is essentia
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47

Deniziak, Patryk, and Piotr Iwicki. "The buckling analysis of a cold-formed steel C-sectional column resting on an elastic foundation." MATEC Web of Conferences 219 (2018): 02009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201821902009.

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The paper is focused on stability analysis of different models of steel cold-formed C-section column. The analysed element may be applied as a primary load-bearing member in steel trusses or silo columns. The column can be used as a support for a wall of roof plates made of corrugated sheets. The wall sheeting that restrains the column against buckling may be considered as an elastic foundation. Due to the design solutions the foundation may be modelled as a series of lateral translational or rotational elastic supports. Such model is used for example in silo column analysis. In the paper line
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48

Wang, Yi Ping, Yong Zang, and Di Ping Wu. "Geometric Imperfection Sensitivity and Effect of Constraint Conditions of H-Section Columns under Compression." Advanced Materials Research 102-104 (March 2010): 140–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.102-104.140.

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The buckling behavior of thin-walled steel structures under load is still imperfectly understood, in spite of much research over the past 50 years. In this paper, the buckling behaviors of H-section columns under compression have been simulated with ANSYS. In the analysis, contact pairs between column ends and end blocks have been introduced into the model, and the load carrying capacity of the columns with four kinds of end constraint conditions and various typical initial geometric imperfections has been calculated and discussed. The results indicate that the load carrying capacity is most s
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Kim, Hee Cheul, Dae Jin Kim, Min Sook Kim, and Young Hak Lee. "Seismic Rehabilitation of Beam-Column Joints Using FRP Sheets and Buckling Restrained Braces." Applied Mechanics and Materials 479-480 (December 2013): 1170–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.479-480.1170.

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate seismic performance of rehabilitated beam-column joint using FRP sheets and Buckling Restrained Braces (BRBs) and provide test data related to rehabilitated beam-column joints in reinforced concrete structures. The seismic performance of total six beam-column specimens is evaluated under cyclic loadings in terms of shear strength, effective stiffness, energy dissipation and ductility. The test results showed wrapping FRP sheets can contribute to increase the effect of confinement and the crack delay. Also retrofitting buckling restrained braces (BRBs)
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50

Eryılmaz, Aytekin, M. Tarık Atay, Safa B. Coşkun, and Musa Başbük. "Buckling of Euler Columns with a Continuous Elastic Restraint via Homotopy Analysis Method." Journal of Applied Mathematics 2013 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/341063.

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Homotopy Analysis Method (HAM) is applied to find the critical buckling load of the Euler columns with continuous elastic restraints. HAM has been successfully applied to many linear and nonlinear, ordinary and partial, differential equations, integral equations, and difference equations. In this study, we presented the application of HAM to the critical buckling loads for Euler columns with five different support cases continuous elastic restraints. The results are compared with the analytic solutions.
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