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1
Hurme, P. (Päivi). "Genetic basis of adaptation: bud set date and frost hardiness variation in Scots pine." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 1999. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9514255046.
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Abstract
The genetic basis of large adaptive differences in timing
of bud set and frost hardiness between natural populations of Scots
pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) was studied with
the aid of RAPD markers and quantitative genetic tools. Steep clinal
variation was found for both traits among Finnish Scots pine populations,
and the differences between populations were found to be largely
genetic. QTL mapping with Bayesian analysis revealed four potential
QTLs for timing of bud set, and seven for frost hardiness. The QTLs
were mostly different between the two traits. The potential QTLs
included loci with large effects, and additionally smaller QTLs.
The largest QTLs for bud set date accounted for about a fourth of
the mean difference between populations. Thus, natural selection
during adaptation has resulted in fixation of genes of large effect.
This result is in conflict with the classical infinitesimal model,
but agrees with the results of Orr (1998), suggesting fixation of
large effects during adaptation.
The applicability of RAPD and SSCP markers in quantitative
genetic studies was also studied. The SSCP technique was found to
be efficient in finding polymorphic markers. SSCP polymorphism in
coding genes may provide candidate genes for QTL mapping studies.
RAPDs were found to be useful for many descriptive analyses, but
specific analyses would require more caution.
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Karlgren, Anna. "Genetic Control of Annual Growth Rhythm in the Conifer Norway Spruce (Picea Abies L. Karst)." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Växtekologi och evolution, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-192180.
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Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst) is a conifer belonging to the group gymnosperms and is an ecologically and economically important species in several parts of Europe. It is crucial for trees like Norway spruce to adapt timing of events such as bud set and growth cessation to the local environment in order to maximize the growth period while avoiding frost damage. This thesis aims at widening the knowledge about genetic control of annual growth rhythm in Norway spruce and particularly the control of bud set. Using spruce transformants ectopically expressing PaFT/TFL1-LIKE 2 (PaFTL2) the prior hypothesis that PaFTL2 induces bud set is confirmed. This is further supported by spatial and temporal expression patterns in seedlings and adult trees. It is further shown that gymnosperms possess at least two FLOWERING LOCUS T/TERMINAL FLOWER 1 (FT/TFL1)-like genes with TFL1-like function, suggesting the ancestor of FT and TFL1 to be more TFL1-like. PaFTL1 appears to have complementary expression patterns to that of PaFTL2 both spatially and temporally indicating they may act together to control growth in Norway spruce. Since bud set is controlled by photoperiod and circadian clock genes are implicated in this process, putative clock homologs were studied to gain insight into the circadian clock in gymnosperms. Several clock homologs were identified and their expression showed a diurnal pattern but the expression was rapidly damped in constant conditions. Transgenic Arabidopsis expressing putative core clock genes from spruce indicate that at least three genes, PaCCA1, PaGI and PaZTL, appear to have a conserved function between angiosperms and gymnosperms. Taken together these results suggest that gymnosperms have a similar core clock structure as angiosperms even though fundamental differences might exist since the cycling of the clock genes were rapidly damped in free-running conditions. The studies presented in this thesis support substantial conservation of pathway components controlling photoperiodic responses in angiosperms and gymnosperms and identify PaFTL2 as a component of growth rhythm control. However, important changes in these processes are also evident. The results provide a solid basis for future research on molecular mechanisms controlling an adaptive trait in an important non-model organism.
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Delong, Brittany E. "Morphological and Physiological Characteristics that Contribute to Insecticide Resistance in Bed Bug (Cimex lectularius L.) Eggs." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/64404.
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Although bed bug eggs are a difficult life stage to control with our currently labeled insecticides, few studies have examined how bed bug egg morphology and physiology is potentially related to pesticide resistance in bed bug eggs. Bed bug egg morphological features were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the chorion and respiration structures were identified. Scanning electron microscopy photographs and bed bug egg measurements indicated there were no morphological differences between different bed bug egg strains (susceptible and resistant). Bed bug egg respiration rates measured by the amount of oxygen consumed (standard metabolic rate; SMR) also indicated there was no difference in SMR between different bed bug egg strains. Water conservation during respiration is vital to terrestrial insects. Therefore, similar patterns would be expected between egg water loss and respiration rates. However, susceptible strain eggs lost more water than one resistant strain of bed bug eggs, which was dissimilar from the respiration results, indicating that bed bug egg water loss and respiration are not directly related. Dose- response bioassays using two insecticide formulations (Temprid; imidacloprid/β-cyfluthrin, and Transport; acetamiprid/bifenthrin) indicated that bed bug eggs collected from pyrethroid resistant adult bed bug strains are also highly resistant. RNA sequencing of bed bug eggs from two resistant strains indicated that egg resistance may be directly related to the overexpression of multiple genes associated with insecticide resistance.Master of Science in Life Sciences
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Romain, Hollie Gemma. "Controls on aeolian bed-set architecture and implications for reservoir heterogeneity." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2014. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/8879/.
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This research has developed novel techniques to reconstruct a variety of aeolian dune architectures using subsurface datasets, supplemented by outcrop studies and data from analogous modern aeolian systems. These methods demonstrate the ability to reconstruct larger-scale aeolian architectural elements in the subsurface, aeolian bedform geometries, regional reservoir stratigraphic heterogeneity, and original bedform morphology and style of migration. Once the original bedform morphology and style of migration has been determined, three-dimensional forward stratigraphic models have been developed which enable the reconstruction of the three-dimensional spatial arrangements of sets, internal facies arrangements, quantitative estimates of three-dimensional sand-body geometries, and likely geometry and degree of interconnectivity of net reservoir facies. This research has additionally investigated predictable responses in well log data (e.g. dipmeter data) for a variety of aeolian bedform types to determine original bedform morphology. The effect that original bedform morphology has on the overall reservoir quality of a volume through the interpretation of facies distributions, net reservoir calculations and connectivity has also been explored.
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Koganemaru, Reina. "Reduced cuticular penetration as a contributor to insecticide resistance in the common bed bug, Cimex lectularius L." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/73497.
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The Common bed bug, Cimex lectularius L., suddenly reappeared in developed countries in the past 15 years. The factor contributing to the sudden resurgence of the bed bugs is insecticide resistance. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms of reduced cuticular penetration type insecticide resistance in bed bugs. First, we determined and compared the lethal dosage (LD50) of a pyrethroid insecticide using topical and injection application. The resistant strain not only had significantly greater resistance ratios, but also demonstrated significantly greater penetration resistance ratios. This provided the evidence of the reduced cuticular penetration in bed bugs. Second, we determined the levels of gene transcription (CPR-type cuticle protein genes) using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). We identified 62 putative bed bug cuticle protein-encoding contigs based on the presence of the Chitin-binding 4 (CB4) domain. Based on the qRT-PCR analysis of the mRNAs, we found many of the genes were up-regulated in the resistant strain suggesting thickening of the cuticle or increasing the cuticular proteins might be involved in the reduced cuticular penetration. Third, we identified and described the cuticular proteins using the matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) time-of-flight/time-of-flight (TOF/TOF) high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/TOF). The total of 265 peptides were identified, among which 206 belonged to one of 50 confidently identified proteins. We identified the CPRL, CPF, CPFL, TWDL, and CPAP1 family proteins. The profile of the cuticular proteins between the resistant and the susceptible strains bed bugs were almost identical. Fourth, we determined and compared the cuticular thickness using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). We found statistical differences of the cuticular thickness among different strains (populations), however, correlation between the levels of insecticide resistance and cuticular thickness were not found. Finally, we identified and described bed bug cuticular hydrocarbon profiles using Gas-Chromatography and Mass-Spectrometry (GC-MS). The total of 87 compounds in addition to n-alkanes were extracted and identified. There were no correlation found with the concentration and the levels of insecticide resistance. However, several additional compounds exhibited the correlation between the concentration of the compounds and the levels of insecticide resistance. Overall, we found three lines of evidence to support reduced cuticular penetration as a mechanism of insecticide resistance in some bed bug populations. This study provides additional evidence of the reduced cuticular penetration type resistance in bed bugs.Ph. D.
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Wingfield, James. "Approaches to test set generation using binary decision diagrams." Thesis, Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/20.
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This research pursues the use of powerful BDD-based functional circuit analysis to evaluate some approaches to test set generation. Functional representations of the circuit allow the measurement of information about faults that is not directly available through circuit simulation methods, such as probability of random detection and test-space overlap between faults. I have created a software tool that performs experiments to make such measurements and augments existing test generation strategies with this new information. Using this tool, I explored the relationship of fault model difficulty to test set length through fortuitous detection, and I experimented with the application of function-based methods to help reconcile the traditionally opposed goals of making test sets that are both smaller and more effective.
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Brown, Jennifer. "Sea-bed response to non-breaking waves." Connect to resource, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1811/6481.
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Thesis (Honors)--Ohio State University, 2006.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages: contains xiii, 62 p.; also includes graphics. Includes bibliographical references (p. 62). Available online via Ohio State University's Knowledge Bank.
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Mohammad, Rami. "Étude de l'évolution des caractéristiques des plaquettes de coupe en tournage à sec : mise en place de critères d'aide à la décision du changement de plaquette : application au cas de l'ébauche de turbines de pompage." Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1228/.
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Le contexte de travail se situe dans l'usinage sans lubrification de l'alliage AA 2017 couramment utilisé dans l'industrie aéronautique. L'usinage sans lubrification occupe une place de plus en plus grande aujourd'hui car il présente un intérêt en supprimant la phase de dégraissage avant le traitement des copeaux. L'objectif principal de cette étude vise à étudier les phénomènes d'endommagement des outils de coupe par le collage de la matière usinée. Les fournisseurs d'outils proposent des plaquettes avec des géométries spécifiques à l'usinage des alliages d'aluminium (souvent un angle de coupe important et une nuance adaptée). Les plaquettes proposées dans le marché sont des plaquettes polies, non polies, revêtues, ou non revêtues. Cette étude donne une idée pour mieux appréhender le rôle de ces préparations de faces de coupe dans la qualité des pièces finies obtenues. L'étude de l'usure des plaquettes dans des conditions de collage très variables montre la création d'un cratère constant prouvant une usure par abrasion plutôt que par diffusionWorking context is in the machining without lubrication of the alloy AA on 2017 fluently used in aicraft industry. The machining without lubrication occupies one more and more big place today because it is of an interest by abolishing stage of reduction before the treatment of shaving. The main objective of this study aims at studying the phenomena of damaging of the cutting tools by the collage of manufactured material. The purveyors of tools offer bars with specific geometries in the machining of alloys of aluminium (often an angle of cup important and an adapted nuance). Bars offered in the market are wearing, not polished, polished bars, or not wearing. This study gives an idea to arrest better the role of these preparations of faces of cup in the quality of the acquired finished rooms. The study of the wear of bars in very variable conditions of collage shows the creation of a proving constant crater a wear by abrasion rather than by broadcasting
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Dykes, Keith Aubrey. "A design study of a marine diamond mining machine." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.368952.
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Coll, Florit Guillermo. "Ocean surface wave transformation over a sandy sea bed." Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 2009. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2009/Sep/09Sep%5FColl.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in Meteorology and Physical Oceanography)--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2009.Thesis Advisor(s): Herbers, Thomas H.C. "September 2009." Description based on title screen as viewed on November 5, 2009. Author(s) subject terms: Ocean waves, energy spectrum, SWAN, numerical prediction models, refraction. Includes bibliographical references (p. 57-59). Also available in print.
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Jones, Karen Patricia Nievergelt. "Studies of fine-grained, deep sea sediments." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.238138.
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Al-Metairi, M. "The International Sea-Bed Authority : certain legal aspects." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.640306.
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This thesis aims to focus on the question of the Area and its International Sea-Bed Authority at this present stage. The new legal regime governing the Area has been formulated in Part XI of the Convention by almost all countries of the world as the common heritage of mankind. Nevertheless, a number of retrograde developments have occurred. These developments include the enactment of domestic laws for exploitation in the Area by some dissenting industrialized countries at a time when consensus on the internationally negotiated legal regime was almost at hand and the fall in demand for the metals contained in manganese nodules for the deep sea-bed. State practice in the form of actual recovery of mineral resources has not yet taken place, and the law is worked out in anticipation of such a practice. In this study there are eight chapters. Chapter One is an introductory treatment of the whole thesis. The purpose of the study, and the development of the new legal regime in Part XI of the 1982 Convention, are included in this chapter. The second chapter examines the question of the limits of national jurisdiction with particular regard to the sea-bed. Chapter Three outlines the arguments for and against the classic doctrines such as res communis and res nullius, and rejects them as legally valid bases for claims to the deep sea-bed. The concept of the common heritage of mankind on which Part XI of the Convention is based, is dealt with in Chapter Four. Chapter Five explains the Parallel System as it is laid down in the Convention. Chapter Six deals with the legal aspects of the International Sea-Bed Authority and the organs which directly or indirectly are related to it. Chapter Seven reviews the developments in the Preparatory Commission for the International Sea-Bed Authority since the beginning of its work in 1983. The last chapter presents the general conclusions of the study. The Authority with its present structure and functions is an entity under the effective control of its members. Its strength depends on the modifications which may be introduced by the Preparatory Commission, especially with regard to the decision-making mechanism.
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Aillud, Gary Stefan. "Palaeoecology, palaeoenvironmental analysis and their application to sequence stratigraphy : Lower Cretaceous, Lusitanian Basin, Portugal." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/2102.
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Palaeoecological data can provide key information on depositional environments. This may be critical to the interpretation of marine sedimentary cycles and the recognition of ancient cycles and sequences. Although many recent studies have attempted to combine palaeoecology and sequence stratigraphy, the sequence stratigraphic model is commonly used to provide a temporally constrained framework for the evaluation of ecological and evolutionary events. This study shows how palaeoecology can be used as a powerful tool in the development of sequence stratigraphic models. A palaeoecological study of three Lower Cretaceous successions (at Ericeira, Cascais, Cabo Espichel) from the southern part of the Lusitanian Basin, Portugal, provides a basis for this study. This palaeoecological analysis allowed the construction of a detailed picture of the effects of relative sea-level, and other environmental factors, on sedimentary succession evolution. The results of this palaeoecological analysis have been represented on a series of depositional facies trend diagrams. The depositional facies diagrams have then been used to develop the sequence stratigraphy of the southern part of the Lusitanian Basin. The study successions record the temporal changes, and along-strike variation, in the evolution of three mixed carbonate-siliciclastic systems. The base of all the successions represents the development of narrow shelf with minor wave reworking. Siliciclastics were introduced by sand and gravel-load river dominated deltas with little reworking of the sediment at the channel mouths. This was characterised by the development of a clastic beach-barrier at Ericeira and a 'cool-water' carbonate ramp at Cascais. At Cabo Espichel a coral biostrome developed where coral ecology was controlled by terrigenous sedimentation and turbidity. The upper part of the successions represent a change in the morphology of the basin. A broad, shallow, low energy carbonate shelf developed that dissipated wave energy. In the nearshore environment siliciclastics were prevalent. The shelf carbonates are characteristic of the 'cool-water' type carbonates of the Cretaceous Tethyan realm. The more proximal Ericeira and Cabo Espichel successions record the alternation between marginal marine siliciclastic and shallow-water marine carbonate environments. The Cascais succession is characterised by carbonate platforms with abundant coral and rudist bivalve faunas. Palaeoecological analysis and development of the depositional facies trend diagrams have allowed the identification of one mega-sequence (2nd order), six sequences (3rd order) and higher resolution sequences and parasequences (4th order). 2nd and 3rd order sequences are correlatable across the southern part of the Lusitanian Basin. They also correlate with previously published sequence chronostratigraphy for the Tethyan realm. The palaeoecological analysis indicates that 2nd and 3rd order sequences are controlled by allocyclic processes and that 4th order cycles (sequences and parasequences) were dominated by autocyclic processes. As a result 4th order cycles cannot be correlated across the basin. This study has shown that detailed palaeoecological analysis can reveal a detailed, and more accurate, picture of the controls on the development of a basin fill than sedimentology alone. Along with the depositional trend diagrams, these data can provide a powerful method for the development of a sequence stratigraphic model and aid to interpretation of a basin fill.
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Ourmières, Yann. "Oscillatory wave induced boundary layer flow over a rippled bed." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.289685.
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Hanle, Donald. "Fast Discovery of Illegal State Cubes for Sequential Equivalence Checking." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32461.
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Sequential Equivalence checking has been and still is a challenging problem. Verifying two circuits that are structurally different but logically the same is very important and has many applications. Critical to the success of sequential equivalence checking is the determination of a sufficient portion of illegal states such that the two designs are equivalent outside of the illegal states. This work proposes a low-cost method to discover a subset of the illegal state space of a circuit by simulating and grouping some state variables to determine if any missing patterns are present. This thesis discusses the selection of simulated inputs, the grouping of flip-flops and what the missing patterns represent. Then all missing patterns are considered which are illegal state cubes and represent and compact them using BDDs. A BDD implementation was created to compact these illegal states more efficiently. Discussion is then done on the parameters of the BDD implementation design which can be used more efficiently given the situation. These illegal state cubes are considered to be implications which can be used to constrain a SAT solver. Results are then presented which show how effective these constraints are to proving equivalency using the SAT solver. Finally, the future work is discussed of discovering the illegal state space either faster or more completely.Master of Science
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Southren, T. C. "A geophysical study of the northern Red Sea." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.373063.
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Hurley, M. T. "The application of Biot's theory to sea-bed sediments." Thesis, Bangor University, 1989. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-application-of-biots-theory-to-seabed-sediments(db8adbfb-ed81-4cc9-a064-87a8da3bf815).html.
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Biot's theory - which explains how sediments respond to stresses - has been applied to different sea-bed sediments. To successfully use Biot's theory as a predictive tool, sensitivity studies showed the following experimental measurements are required: the frame bulk modulus. the shear modulus, the tortuosity, the permeability and the porosity. These properties were determined for turbidite sediments from the North Atlantic Ocean (Site 1). and carbonates from the Western Indian Ocean -. (Site 2). The following experimental observations " were made: the permeability varies over 7 orders of magnitude for turbidites from Site 1 due to technique dependent and intrinsic reasons; in-situ shear moduli are 4 times greater than values determined from samples in the laboratory; shear modulus results from resonant column and bender element transducer techniques agree well: experiments designed for obtaining the frame bulk modulus are problematic, and it is difficult to determine pore size / geometry parameters apart from the tortuosity. Biot's theory was used to predict the response of sea-bed sediments to hydrodynamic and ultrasonic stresses. A new low frequency hydrodynamic boundary-value solution was developed from Biot's theory, allowing predictions of tidally-induced pore-pressures. Comparisons between predictions and in-situ measurements at Site 1 were favourable, verifying Biot's theory at low frequencies. At ultrasonic frequencies, Biot predictions of the velocity and attenuation of fast and slow compressional waves were compared to experimental measurements. The slow wave was argued to be induced at free-flow boundaries. and was found to be very difficult to detect in soft water-saturated sediments. A qualitative agreement was shown between Biot fast wave attenuation predictions and new experimental attenuation measurements on a bar of sandstone. For Sites 1 and 2, Biot predictions for the increases in the fast wave velocity for high porosity - permeability sediments agreed with experimental measurements. Elsewhere in the literature, this behaviour has been linked to an increase of the frame bulk modulus with increases in porosity. Alternatively, it was argued such increases in fast wave velocity can be attributed to Biot's dispersion mechanism. and hence are a verification of his theory at high frequencies.
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Al-Metairi, Metlaq. "Some legal aspects of the International Sea-Bed Authority." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/27034.
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Vimjam, Vishnu Chaithanya. "Strategies for SAT-Based Formal Verification." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26078.
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Verification of digital hardware designs is becoming an increasingly complex task as the designs are incorporating more functionality, becoming complex and growing larger in size. Today, verification remains a bottleneck in meeting time-to-market requirements and consumes more than 70% of the overall design-costs. Traditionally, verification has been done using simulation-based approaches, where a set of appropriate test-stimuli is used by the designer. As the designs become more complex, however, simulation-based techniques often fail to capture corner-case errors. Furthermore, unless exhaustively tested, these approaches do not guarantee the correctness of a system with respect to its specifications. As a consequence, formal methods for design verification have been sought after. In formal verification, the conformance of a design to a given set of specifications is proven mathematically, thereby leaving no room for unexplored search spaces. Despite the exponential time/memory complexities often involved within the formal approaches, they have shown promise in capturing subtle bugs, which were missed otherwise.
In this dissertation, we focus on Boolean Satisfiability (SAT) based formal verification, which has gained tremendous importance in the recent past. Importantly, SAT-based approaches often alleviate the memory explosion problem, which had been a bottleneck of the traditional symbolic (Binary Decision Diagram based) approaches. In SAT-based techniques, the set of verification tasks are converted into a set of Boolean formulae, which are checked for satisfiability using a SAT solver. These problems are often NP-complete and are prone to an explosion in the required run-time. To overcome this, we propose novel strategies which utilize both structural and logical information of a sequential circuit. In particular, we devise techniques to extract non-trivial invariants of a design, strengthen properties such that they can be proven faster and interleave bounded reachability analysis with bounded model checking. We provide the necessary algorithms and implementation details in order to automate the proposed techniques. Experiments conducted on a variety of benchmark circuits show that orders of magnitude improvement in overall run-times can be achieved via our techniques compared to the existing state-of-the-art SAT-based approaches.Ph. D.
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Assuncao, Helen Peters de. "Gerenciamento de serviços em redes de sensores sem fio autonômicas." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/BUDB-8D2P8G.
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A Wireless Sensor Network is a distributed sensing tool, that disseminates collected data and processed information to one or more external entities called observers. WSNs can provide three types of basic services: sensing, processing and disseminating. A shortcoming of any of these services can disturb the network goals. However, failures are not exceptions in WSNs, since problems as energy exhaustion, communication range loss or physical damages are usual incidents. Considering the need of managing WSNs in an efficient manner, improving information quality and availability, and taking into account that in the future the management of these networks will be integrated, this work proposes the use of the Information Technology Infrastructure Library (ITIL), a de facto standard for IT service management, in the design of self-healing WSNs. We also propose a service management approach for a self-managed network that dynamically adapts itself in order to maintain the service availability and to promote the resources productivity. This approach aims to employ the self-healing service in WSNs, allowing them to discover, examine, diagnose and react to dysfunctions. Results show that service management applied to a self-healing WSN extends the longevity and availability of the network.Uma Rede de Sensores Sem Fio (RSSF) é uma ferramenta de sensoriamento distribuído de fenômenos, processamento e disseminação de dados coletados e informações processadaspara um ou mais observadores. As RSSFs podem prover três tipos básicos de serviços: coleta, processamento e disseminação de dados. Uma falha em qualquer um desses serviços pode comprometer a qualidade do serviço provido. Em RSSFs falhas não são exceções, uma vez que problemas de exaustão de energia, perda do alcance de comunicação ou danos físicos são incidentes usuais. Considerando a necessidade de gerenciar as RSSFs de maneira eficiente, melhorando a qualidade e disponibilidade da informação, e que no futuro o gerenciamento dessas redes deverá ser integrado, este trabalho propõe o uso da Biblioteca de Infra-estrutura de Tecnologia da Informação (Information Technology Infrastructure Library - ITIL), um padrão de facto no gerenciamento de serviços de TI, no projeto de uma RSSF que implemente o serviço de auto-cura. Também é proposta uma abordagem de gerenciamento para uma rede auto-gerenciável que se adapta dinamicamente a fim de manter a disponibilidade do serviço e promover produtividade dos recursos. Esta abordagem tem por finalidade empregar o serviço de auto-cura em RSSF, permitindo à rede descobrir, examinar, diagnosticar e reagir a disfunções. Os resultados mostram que as funções e serviços de gerenciamento propostos aplicados a uma RSSF que implementa o serviço de auto-cura aumentam a longevidade e disponibilidade da rede.
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Souza, Euzebio das Dores de. "Monitoramento de painéis fotovoltaicos com redes de sensores sem fio." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/BUBD-9K9R3Q.
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Este trabalho busca fazer um estudo sobre as tecnologias empregadas em redes de sensores sem fio com foco no monitoramento de plantas de geração fotovoltaica. Este esforço se deve à crescente demanda por novas fontes de energia limpas e renováveis, com destaque para as plantas fotovoltaicas, sendo esta tecnologia alvo de estudo em todo o mundo. As plantas fotovoltaicas podem ter sua capacidade de geração afetada por fatores como contaminação dos painéis por poeira ou desgaste natural. Logo o número de painéis, em condições operacionais e a energia entregue por estes impacta diretamente a capacidade de geração da planta. O entendimento das topologias de redes de sensores sem fio aplicáveis ao monitoramento de plantas de geração fotovoltaica tem como objetivo principal obter informação sobre do estado dos painéis, garantindo assim a maximização da energia gerada, atingindo a melhor relação entre geração e captação.
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Becker, Russell W. "A test bed for detection of botnet infections in low data rate tactical networks." Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 2009. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2009/Sep/09Sep%5FBecker.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in Electrical Engineering)--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2009.Thesis Advisor(s): JMcEachen, John ; Tummala, Murali. "September 2009." Description based on title screen as viewed on November 04, 2009. Author(s) subject terms: Botnet, Tactical Network, BotHunter, Honeynet, Honeypot, Low Data Rate, Network Security Includes bibliographical references (p. 57-59). Also available in print.
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Pennington, David. "Studies of aspects of predation on the Manx scallop, Pecten maximus (L.) populations." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366391.
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Gibbs, Zoe Elizabeth. "The origin of fine grained magnetite in sediments." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.368000.
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Zareba, Grzegorz. "RS-485 BASED MEASUREMENT SYSTEM WITH SCPI COMMAND SET CONTROLLED BY HP-VEE APPLICATION." International Foundation for Telemetering, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/607572.
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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 22-25, 2001 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, NevadaThis article presents a measurement system based on the RS-485 interface. The presented system is an alternative solution for distributed measurement systems, which cannot be built using IEEE-488 interface due to distance limitation between elements of the system. The RS-485 interface is a base for communication between measurement instruments and uses a Master-Slave protocol to exchange data between them. One dedicated master device, usually a PC, controls all slave devices connected to the interface. To control measurement devices SCPI language is used. This solution simplifies communication between measurement devices and allows utilizing the HP-VEE environment to control any SCPI devices connected to the RS-485 network.
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Olivieira, Antoniel Assis de. "Formação e trabalho no Movimento Sem Terra (MST): processos de resistência do campesinato." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/BUBD-9NYL4R.
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The subjects peasants constituted an essential category in the Brazilian social formation. Since colonial times to the present day, the field was marked by conflicts, manipulations, deaths, resistors, achievements, etc., at different times of the performances of these subjects, there always fight over land. In the twentieth century began peasant organizations in the struggle for rights, including land reform, and to organize themselves according to their needs, these guys have created unions, parties, social movements, etc., in order to maintain greater coordination to strengthen their struggles. MST, which was constituted in the following decades one of the most significant social movements struggling for land and agrarian reform in the world - And so, in the wake of protests that occurred from the 1970s, the Landless Movement emerged. With objectives, internal organization and strategies of very sophisticated struggles allowed the MST adapt to varied moments the policy for this segment has experienced during its 30 years of existence. Thus, this research investigates two MST settlements of Minas Gerais, the processes of formation and job resources that qualify as the resistance of the subject field, especially residents of agrarian reform settlements, and to what extent change the mode life and work of these individuals. This is a qualitative research nature, whose investigative techniques used were structured interviews, participant observation and document studies of these communities. We opted to select individuals into groups with different functions in the structure of the MST, inquiring about the importance of training and work in the daily life of these subjects, as well as their tactics to the formation of other No Lands, aiming to identify if indeed possible changes found are due to the process undertaken by the MST. The analysis results showed the importance of the processes of formation of the MST for the awareness of people collectivize the perspective of the social relations of work / production, aiming to change the material conditions of life, humanizing them, and see the need to implement a field project in the interests of peasants. And yet, that changes in the relations of living and working result: the collectivized practices adopted from the beginning; targeted to meet the different demands of training Without Lands studies; the involvement of these people in demonstrations, meetings, meetings, seminars, trips, etc .; of school and non-school educational practices in settlements; the value given to productive work, especially into collectivization and cooperation of these practices - added to the "philosophy" of effective participation of the MST, among others. Thus, under the guidance of the MST, the resistance struggle within the Settlements, the acquisition of infrastructure as well as improving the conditions of life and work of these individuals are conditioned to the level of collective organization that is established, hence the importance of training in various aspects of life.Os sujeitos camponeses se constituíram uma categoria imprescindível na formação social brasileira. Desde a época colonial até os nossos dias, o campo foi marcado por conflitos, manipulações, mortes, resistências, conquistas, etc., em diferentes momentos das atuações desses sujeitos, havendo sempre luta pela posse da terra. Já no século XX iniciaram-se organizações camponesas para a luta por direitos, entre eles a Reforma Agrária, e ao se organizarem conforme suas necessidades, esses sujeitos criaram sindicatos, partidos, movimentos sociais, etc., visando manter uma articulação maior para o fortalecimento das suas lutas. E assim, no bojo das mobilizações ocorridas a partir da década de 1970, surgiu o Movimento Sem Terra - MST, que se constituiu nas décadas seguintes um dos movimentos sociais mais expressivos de luta pela terra e por Reforma Agrária em todo o mundo. Com objetivos, organização interna e estratégias de lutas muito sofisticadas, permitiu ao MST se adaptar aos variados momentos que a política voltada para esse segmento vivenciou no decorrer de seus 30 anos de existência. Assim, essa pesquisa buscou investigar em dois assentamentos do MST de Minas Gerais, os processos de formação e de trabalho como recursos que qualificam a resistência dos sujeitos do campo, em especial moradores dos assentamentos de reforma agrária, e em que medida alteram o modo de vida e de trabalho desses sujeitos. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de natureza qualitativa, cujas técnicas de investigação utilizadas foram entrevistas semiestruturadas, observação participante e estudos de documentos dessas comunidades. Optou-se por selecionar os sujeitos em grupos com diferentes funções na estrutura do MST, indagando sobre a importância da formação e do trabalho no cotidiano desses sujeitos, bem como sobre suas táticas para a formação dos demais Sem Terras, com o objetivo de identificar se de fato possíveis mudanças encontradas se devem ao processo empreendido pelo MST. Os resultados da análise evidenciaram a importância dos processos de formação do MST para a conscientização das pessoas na perspectiva de coletivizar as relações sociais de trabalho/produção, objetivando alterar as condições materiais da vida, humanizando-as, bem visualizar a necessidade de implementação de um projeto de campo sob os interesses dos camponeses e camponesas. E ainda, que as mudanças nas relações da vida e de trabalho decorrem: das práticas coletivizadas adotadas desde o início; dos estudos direcionados para atender demandas diferenciadas da formação dos Sem Terras; do envolvimento dessas pessoas nas mobilizações, reuniões, encontros, seminários, viagens, etc.; das práticas educativas escolares e não escolares nos assentamentos; do valor dado ao trabalho produtivo, sobretudo, à coletivização e cooperação dessas práticas - somadas à filosofia da participação efetiva do MST, entre outras. Assim, sob a orientação do MST, a luta de resistência dentro dos Assentamentos, a aquisição de infraestrutura, bem como a melhoria das condições de vida e de trabalho desses sujeitos, estão condicionadas ao nível de organização coletiva que se estabelece, daí a importância da formação em diversos aspectos da vida.
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Paiva, Ana Paula Mathias de. "Um livro pode ser tudo e nada: especificidades da linguagem do livro-brinquedo." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/BUBD-99YN37.
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This thesis investigates specificities in the language of toy books, a literary category that exists in Brazil since the 80s which gained considerable strength in the past two decades. The work is founded on the observation of three categories of toy books: those rewarded by FNLIJ, books produced by the teachers of the Núcleo de Alfabetização e Letramento in the city of Lagoa Santa, Minas Gerais, and some books available in the national and international publishing market. The observation of these documents (books) highlights their potential, as well as their entertaining strategies of attractiveness to autonomous or mediated reading, and their evolution in progress. A toy book is not merely a pop-up book. Project Alfalendo adds literariness to toy books in order to develop the taste for reading from a young age. By considering contributions and deficiencies analyzed in the group of thirty toy books selected in the corpus, we reflect about the possibilities of social and pedagogical practices with this genre and whether there is a place for read-playing in childhood. As a literary and cultural extra resource, toy books illustrate possibilities for the reader to learn while having fun, through its interactive games and sensorial surprises. Toy books
are not something isolated, separated from social life. The motion of knowledge calls into question the ideas of culture, of literariness and the status of the modern object in the XXI century, affecting trends and demands. Along our reflections, we draw attention to the fact that the toy
book, as a cultural good and a literary expression, cannot be reduced to an ornament or a toy in its provocation as an object; games of logical reasoning, games of language, motor games, games of fictionalization, art games, symbolic games, socialization games, imaginative discourse and multimedia, all of them may fit in a toy book. In this context, the empty resembles a toy book that makes us react, by impulse to its materials and processes, without the creation of a text or a content, an imaginative exercise between the author and the reader. Empty is, mainly, unpleasant
reading in childhood. This research pursues the search for an alive and attractive literature, renewed with the ages and genders, oriented to child enchantment and catharsis.O presente trabalho tem por objetivo investigar especificidades da linguagem de uma categoria literária existente desde os anos 80 e fortalecida a partir dos anos 90 no País, através da observação de livros-brinquedo disponíveis no mercado editorial nacional e internacional, premiados pela FNLIJ e produzidos pelas professoras do Núcleo de Alfabetização e Letramento de Lagoa Santa (MG). O fio condutor e de cruzamento na observação de documentos (livros) ressalta o potencial brincante destas obras, assim como suas estratégias lúdicas de atratividade à leitura autônoma ou mediada, e seu aperfeiçoamento em processo. O livro-brinquedo não se reduz a um livro pop-up. O projeto Alfalendo agrega aos livros-brinquedo literariedade para fomentar o gosto pela leitura desde a mais tenra idade. Considerando contribuições e defasagens analisadas nos trinta livros- -brinquedo selecionados no corpus, são refletidas possibilidades de práticas sociais-pedagógicas com este gênero e se há lugar para o ler-brincando na infância. Como recurso extra, literário e cultural, o livro-brinquedo ilustra chances de o leitor aprender se divertindo, através de seus jogos interativos e surpresas sensoriais. O livro-brinquedo não é algo isolado, separado da vida social. Saberes em movimento colocam em questão as ideias de cultura, de literariedade e o estatuto do objeto moderno no século XXI, afetando tendências e demandas. Ao longo das reflexões chama- -se a atenção para o fato de que o livro-brinquedo, enquanto bem cultural e manifestação literária, não deve se reduzir a um ornamento ou brinquedo em sua provocação objetal. Neste contexto, vazio se assemelha ao livro-brinquedo que nos faz reagir, por impulso ao seu acabamento editorial, sem que por isto crie um texto ou conteúdo, um exercício imaginativo entre autor e leitor. Vazia é, sobretudo, a leitura desprazerosa na infância. Esta pesquisa vai em busca de uma literatura viva e atrativa, renovada com os séculos e os gêneros, orientada para o encantamento e a catarse infantil.
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Savell, I. A. "An experimental study of near-bed hydrodynamics under a combination of waves and steady current, and the effect of this on sediment transport." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.377741.
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Martínez, Iñigo. "Demersal fish assemblages around sea bed features : Buzzard oil & gas field platform in the North Sea and Jones Bank, Celtic Sea." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2011. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=183828.
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The maximum number (Nmax) of fish was recorded using baited underwater camera (BUC) techniques to study spatio-temporal changes of the fish community in localize areas. In the central North Sea (~100m depth) abundance models revealed that for both, whiting and flatfish, the Nmax was influenced by light level at the time of deployment. Nmax of hagfish was strongly related to current speed in a non-linear way with a predicted upper threshold (~11 cm.s-1) above which Nmax declined. Current speed and inter-annual variation had an important effect on haddock Nmax. Large predators that prompt avoidance mechanisms (e.g. large conger eel, marine mammals and fishing vessels) and bottom current speed >25 cm.s-1 can modify demersal fish behaviour depending on size and species and therefore have important effects on BUC-derived data. The BUC was applied for the first time to the monitoring of the Buzzard platform, a new oil and gas development in the central North Sea that host 12 demersal and benthic fish species. The benthic taxa, flatfish and hagfish, showed higher numbers closer to the platform whilst the most mobile species showed constant numbers (haddock) or highest numbers outside of the 500m of Exclusion Area (whiting). No significant changes in fish diversity were found between the areas surveyed before the platform construction. After the construction, the species richness and diversity were higher outside the 500m Exclusion Area surrounding the platform. Offshore sand banks, like oil platforms, can modify the composition of the local fish abundance. BUC and commercial trawl observations on the Jones Bank (75-150m depth, Celtic Sea) recorded 23 species, the highest richness, on top of the bank and 18 species on the slope and off-bank areas. Conger eel and Nephrops were both absent from the top of the bank site whereas haddock was only observed in the bank area.
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Jayme, Cristiano Gonzaga. "Silagens de brachiaria brizantha sem aditivo, adicionada de cana de acúcar e aditivos bacterianos." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/BUBD-8B5MPQ.
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This experiment was carried out to estimate the fermentation, fermentation kinetics estimated by semi-automated in vitro gas production technique and the voluntary intake, apparent digestibility,nitrogen balance and fibrous fractions of silages of Brachiaria brizantha cv Marandu without additives (T1), B. brizantha cv Marandu + inoculant Sil-ALL C4 (T2), B. brizantha cv Marandu + inoculant Bactosilo C Tropical (T3) and B. brizantha cv Marandu + 30% of Sugar cane (T4) in sheep. Silages with sugar cane had the lowest pH values among treatments. There were no differences among silages regarding ADF, cellulose and lignin, which remained steady during the period of fermentation. One observed variation in the concentrations of hemicelluloses during thefermentation process in the silages added with Tropical Bactosilo C and sugar cane where the values had varied of 24.56% 34.07% and 23.65% 32.44%, respectively. The comparation among silages in the different periods of fermentation indicated silarity cumulative gas production, except with 24 hours where silage of theT4 (93,43 mL/g de MS) presented highest value (p<0.05). The dry matter degradability (DMD) where highest to T4 in relation to the others treatments in the times of6, 12, 24 and 48 hours with values of 22.67%; 27.69%; 43.54% e 61.04%, respectively. After 96 hours incubation were: 62.75 % to T1 silage, 62.91 % to T2 silage, 62.08 % to T3 silage and 64.64 % to T4 silage, being similar between itself (p>0.05). The highest maximum gas productionpotentials was 188.98 mL/g of dry matter to T1 silage and the lowest to 188.98 mL/g of DM to T2. The lowest time of colonization was for T4 (2.92 h), being different of the others (p<0.05). The T4 presented lowest effective degradabilities (ED) for all the taxes evaluated (46.29% and 27.47% for taxes of 2%/h and 5%/h, respectively). There were no differences among silages regarding voluntary intake of dry matter (VIDM), crude protein (VICP), crude energy (VICE), digestibleenergy (VIDE) and metabolizable energy (VIME) (p>0,05). The largest apparent digestibility of dry matter, crude protein and crude energy was observed for T2, being 60.8%, 44.2% and 57.5%, respectively and the smallest for T4 with 52.9%, 29.9% and 49.5%, respectively (p<0,05). Alltreatments showed positive nitrogen balance and did not differ among them. The additives used did not promote improvements in the qualitative fermentation parameters and the parameters of kinetic degradation by semi-automated in vitro gas production technique of the evaluated silages.The use of incoculant or sugar cane, did not result in voluntary intake increase of dry matter, fibrous fractions and energy of silages.Objetivou-se com este trabalho determinar o perfil de fermentação, avaliar a degradabilidade e a cinética de fermentação ruminal determinadas utilizando-se técnica in vitro semi-automática deprodução de gases e determinar o consumo e a digestibilidade aparente da matéria seca, da proteína bruta e da energia, balanço de nitrogênio e das frações fibrosas das silagens Brachiaria brizantha cvMarandu sem aditivos (T1), B. brizantha cv Marandu + inoculante bacteriano Sil-ALL C4 (T2), B. brizantha cv Marandu + inoculante bacteriano Bactosilo C Tropical (T3) e B. brizantha cv Marandu + 30% de cana de açúcar (T4) em ovinos. As silagens adicionadas de cana apresentaram os menores valores de pH dentre os tratamentos avaliados nas várias idades de abertura dos silos (p<0,05). Os teores de FDA, celulose e lignina foram semelhantes entre si em todos os tratamentos e permaneceram estáveis durante todo o período de fermentação. Observou-se variação nas concentrações de hemiceluloses durante o processo fermentativo nas silagens adicionadas com Bactosilo C Tropical e cana de açúcar onde os valores variaram de 24,56% a 34,07% e 23,65% a 32,44%, respectivamente. As comparações entre as silagens nos diferentes períodos de fermentaçãoindicaram semelhança na produção cumulativa de gases, exceto com 24 horas onde a silagem do T4 (93,43 mL/g de MS) apresentou valor superior aos demais (p<0,05). Os valores de degradabilidade da matéria seca (DMS) foram superiores (p<0,05) para o T4 em relação aos demais tratamentos nos tempos de 6, 12, 24 e 48 horas com valores de 22,67%; 27,69%; 43,54% e 61,04%, respectivamente. Após 96 horas de fermentação os valores de DMS foram de 62,75 % para a silagem do T1, 62,91 % para a silagem do T2, 62,08% para a silagem do T3 e 64,64 % para o T4, sendo semelhantes entre si (p>0,05). O maior potencial máximo de produção de gases foi de 188,98 mL/g de MS para o T1 e o menor de 180,09 mL/g de MS para a silagem do T2. O menor tempo decolonização foi para o T4 (2,92 h), sendo diferente dos demais (p<0,05). O T4 apresentou as menores degradabilidades efetivas (DE) para todas as taxas de passagem avaliadas (46,29% e 27,47% paras taxas de 2%/h e 5%/h, respectivamente). Não foram observadas diferenças entre os consumos de matéria seca (MS), proteína bruta (PB), energia bruta (EB), energia digestível (ED) e energia metabolizável (EM) entre os tratamentos (p>0,05). Os maiores valores de digestibilidadeaparente da MS, PB e EB foram para o T2, sendo 60,88%, 44,27% e 57,54%, respectivamente e os menores valores para o T4 com 52,98%, 29,99% e 49,45%, respectivamente (p<0,05). Todas os tratamentos apresentaram o balanço de nitrogênio positivo e não diferiram entre si. Não foram observadas diferenças entre os consumos de fibra detergente neutro (FDN), fibra detergente ácido (FDA) e hemiceluloses entre os tratamentos (p>0,05). O menor consumo e digestibilidade aparente da FDN e FDA foram para o T4 (p<0,05). Os resultados deste trabalho indicam que os aditivos utilizados na ensilagem não promoveram melhora nos parâmetros qualitativos da fermentação dassilagens avaliadas e nos parâmetros de cinética de degradação obtidos pela técnica in vitro semiautomática de produção de gases. A silagem adicionada de cana de açúcar apresentou maior taxa de produção de gases e degradabilidade da MS e menor tempo de colonização. A utilização de inoculantes bacterianos ou cana de açúcar, não resultaram em aumento de consumo da matéria seca, energia e frações fibrosas das silagens.
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Baptista, Joao Florencio de Abreu. "Anestesia peridural com ropivacaína com ou sem clonidina nas hemorroidectomias e dor pós-operatória." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/BUBD-9HKGNT.
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The pain in postoperative hemorrhoidectomy surgery is a complication with unpleasant consequences for the patient. Anesthetic techniques that provide better relief and safety continue to be develop. Objectives: To examine the effect of clonidine, 4 ìg/kg, added to ropivacaine, in epidural anestesia in hemorrhoidectomy, in: 1- postoperative analgesia; 2- alterations in blood pressure and heart rate; 3- correlation between the dose used and the age of patients; 4- correlation between the pain score and body mass index. Methods: We studied patients of both genders, aged from 20 to 70 years, physical status I or II (ASA), undergoing hemorrhoidectomy were randomly divided into two groups: Control (n = 38) who received epidural anesthesia with 14 mL of 0.75% ropivacaine plus 0,0266 mL of 0.9% saline; Experiment (n = 42) who received epidural anesthesia with 14 mL of 0.75% ropivacaine plus 4 ìg/kg of clonidine. In perioperative and postoperative parameters were evaluated: systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic (DBP), heart rate (HR), pulse oximetry (SpO2) and ECG. The intensity of postoperative pain was assessed with the aid of a visual analogue scale (VAS) at 4 h, 8 h and 12 h after onset of anesthesia. We calculated the analgesic consumption in the first 12 hours and the number of requests for analgesia. The degree of patient satisfaction and postoperative complications were recorded. Results: The two groups were similar in gender distribution of patients and the values of age, height, weight, body mass index (BMI) and duration of surgery. There was a difference between the time 4 h, with an increase in VAS score, with 8 h and 12 h times. The Experimental group showed a correlation of EVA 12 h with age (p <0.05) in that as age increases decreases the score of EVA 12 h. The SBP, DBP and HR differed between the initial time and the other times, with lower values, no statistical difference and after 15 minutes, at times 15, 30 and 45 minutes. We found differences between the two groups in the initial moment where there is a decrease in HR from baseline to the other moments. There was no difference between times 15, 30 and 45 min. We also found a statistically significant difference, the heart rate values, at times 15, 30 and 45 min. between groups Control and Experiment. Conclusion: Epidural anesthesia with ropivacaine 0,75% associated with clonidine, 4 ìg/kg of weight, in hemorrhoidectomies, showed a better analgesic efficacy at 4 h in the clonidine group with less use of analgesics in the postoperative period. Arterial blood pressure and heart rate were maintained in both groups. A minor value of VAS was observed with the increase of age without any significant difference between VAS and body mass index.A dor no pós-operatório das hemorroidectomias é uma intercorrência desagradável com consequências negativas para o paciente. Técnicas anestésicas que proporcionem um melhor alívio com segurança continuam em desenvolvimento. Objetivos: Verificar o efeito de uma dose de 4 ìg/kg de clonidina, adicionado a ropivacaína 0,75%, na anestesia peridural para operações de hemorróidas quanto: 1- a analgesia pós-operatória; 2- as alterações da pressão arterial e da frequência cardíaca; 3- a correlação entre as doses empregadas e a idade e 4- a correlação entre a dor e o IMC. Método: Foram estudados pacientes de ambos os sexos, com idade entre 20 e 70 anos, com estado físico I ou II (ASA), submetidos à hemorroidectomia, distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois grupos: Controle (n=38) que receberam anestesia peridural com 14 mL de ropivacaína a 0,75% , mais 0,0266 mL de solução salina a 0,9%; Experimento (n=42) que receberam à anestesia peridural com 14 mL de ropivacaína a 0,75%, mais 4 ìg/kg de clonidina. Os dois grupos foram semelhantes na distribuição dos gêneros dos pacientes e nos valores da idade, altura, peso, IMC e tempo de cirurgia. No per e pós-operatório imediato foram avaliados: pressão arterial sistólica (PAS) e diastólica (PAD), frequência cardíaca (FC), oximetria de pulso (SpO2) e a eletrocardioscopia (ECG). A intensidade da dor pós-operatória foi avaliada com o auxílio da escala visual analógica (EVA) em 4 h, 8 h e 12 h após início da anestesia. Foi calculado o consumo de analgésico nas primeiras 12 horas e o número de solicitações de analgésicos. O grau de satisfação do paciente e as complicações pós-operatórias foram anotados. Resultados: Ocorreu diferença entre o momento 4 h, com aumento no escore EVA, com os momentos 8 h e 12 h. No grupo experimento encontrou-se correlação da EVA 12 h com a idade (p<0,05) em que à medida que a idade aumenta diminui o escore do EVA 12 h. A PAS, a PAD e a FC diferiram entre o momento inicial e os demais momentos, com valores menores, sem diferença e estatística a partir dos 15 minutos, nos momentos 15, 30 e 45 minutos. Foi encontrada diferença entre o momento inicial nos dois grupos, onde há uma diminuição da FC do momento inicial para os demais momentos. Não houve diferença, entre os momentos 15, 30 e 45 min. Também foi encontrado diferença, dos valores da frequência cardíaca, nos momentos 15, 30 e 45 min. entre os grupos Controle e Experimento. Conclusão: A anestesia peridural com ropivacaína a 0,75% associada à clonidina na dose de 4 ìg/kg de peso, em cirurgias de hemorroidetomia, mostrou maior eficácia analgésica às 4 h no grupo que recebeu clonidina inclusive com menor necessidade de analgesia pós-operatória. Manutenção dos valores da pressão arterial sistólica e diastólica e da frequência cardíaca em ambos os grupos. Menor valor da EVA, às 12 h, com o aumento da idade. Sem correlação significante entre os valores da EVA e o IMC.
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Avila, Marcelo de Azevedo. "Operação em paralelo e sem comunicação de sistemas UPS: uma abordagem baseada em passividade." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/BUBD-9FZEKK.
Full textAbstract:
Parallelism of voltage sources is a recurring and important problem in Electrical Engineering area. In the recent context of smart grids or in UPS systems (Uninterruptible Power Supplies), the availability of two or more energy sources increases the robustness and reliability of electric system. Among the parallelism techniques there are those which do not make use of any informations exchange between the sources, a characteristic that eliminates the need for a dedicated communication channel and, consequently, the existence of a single point of failure. In the present work is investigated the digital implementation of an approach to parallel operation of UPS without communication. The method is developed in time domain and it relies on the natural tendency to synchronization of interconnected incrementally dissipative nonlinear oscillators. Simulations of two interconnected UPS systems to a given linear electric network are carried out, taking into consideration specific problems associated with the practical implementation in a Digital Signal Processor (DSP) based system. Practical tests conducted in laboratory demonstrate the feasibility of synchronism technique studied, whose results are even more embracing than the current scope covered by the theory. To improve the transient behavior of parallelism of voltage sources, is developed a pre-synchronism methodology based on state observer. Simulations and experimental results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed methodology.Paralelismo de fontes de tensão é um tema recorrente e de grande importância na área da Engenharia Elétrica. Seja no recente contexto das smart grids ou em sistemas de UPSs (Fontes de Energia Ininterrupta), a disponibilidade de duas ou mais fontes de tensão aumenta a robustez e a confiabilidade do sistema elétrico. Dentre as técnicas de paralelismo utilizadas, destacam-se as que não fazem uso de troca de informações entre as fontes, característica que elimina a necessidade de um canal de comunicação dedicado e, consequentemente, de um ponto único de falha. No presente trabalho é investigada a implementação digital de uma abordagem para o funcionamento em paralelo e sem comunicação de UPSs. O método de paralelismo estudado é desenvolvido no domínio do tempo e se baseia na tendência natural de sincronização de osciladores não-lineares e incrementalmente passivos quando interconectados. São mostradas simulações de um sistema formado por duas UPSs interligadas através de uma rede elétrica linear. Nestas simulações são levados em consideração problemas específicos associados com a aplicação prática de sistemas digitais controlados via Processador Digital de Sinais (DSP). Testes práticos realizados em laboratório demonstram a viabilidade da técnica de sincronismo estudada, cujos resultados obtidos mostram-se mais abrangentes que o atual escopo coberto pela teoria. Como forma de melhorar os transientes decorrentes do paralelismo das fontes de tensão é desenvolvida uma metodologia de pré-sincronismo baseada em observadores de estados. Resultados de simulação e experimentais demonstram a rapidez da metodologia proposta.
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Duarte, Alexandre William Barbosa. "Por que ser professor?: uma análise da carreira docente na educação básica no Brasil." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/BUBD-9Q5HTU.
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Currently, in Brazil we live with the frequent "denounce" of an imminent collapse of basic education in the country derived from the accentuated drop of the number of teachers in certain stages of educational system and/or areas of knowledge and the consequent increase of the number of enrolments originated from policies of expansion of education carried out in recent decades. Low wages, dissatisfaction with the work and the low professional status are driving away teachers of the public basic education system from this career, and they are now seeking alternatives outside this profession (such as the private sector or teaching in higher education). This is also making young people at the beginning of their careers not to be interested in the teaching profession. Based on this framework commonly exposed in the media of the country, this dissertation aims to understand, in the light of the analysis of public policies of the States of Minas Gerais and Pernambuco, the problem of the low attractiveness of the teaching profession in the Brazilian educational scenario. We observed that, from the evidence of the problem of low attractiveness that has shown the public teaching profession in the country, highlighted by academic institutions, international organizations, trade unions and even by the business sector, the State, in their different scopes, has been creating policies that have as objective the enhancement of the teaching profession and, consequently, to increase its ability to attract new professionals and to maintain the current teachers in this career. For the proposed research were identified and analyzed public policies at national and state level and actions of different sectors of civil society that have focused on the enhancement of the teaching profession and aim the insertion of professionals in this career. From legislative texts of different government bodies and official documents provided by academic institutions, international organizations, trade union and private organizations, we identified that the problem of low attractiveness of the teaching profession has been widely debated in Brazilian educational scenario and generate an intense concern in these various sectors. However, as is emphasized by the representative institutions of the teachers, such policies do not meet the expected results and, often, are acting against the proposed goals, contributing to a strong process of deprofessionalization.Convive-se atualmente no Brasil com a frequente denúncia de um eminente colapso da educação básica no país, derivado da acentuada queda do número de profissionais em determinadas etapas de ensino e/ou áreas de conhecimento e do consequente aumento do número de matrículas oriundo das políticas de expansão do ensino implementadas nas últimas décadas. Baixos salários, insatisfação com o trabalho e desprestígio profissional vêm afugentando os docentes da carreira do magistério na educação básica, fazendo com que aqueles que já se encontram nela busquem alternativas fora da profissão (como a iniciativa privada ou a docência do ensino superior) e também com que os jovens em início de carreira não se interessem pela docência. Baseado nesse quadro comumente exposto na grande mídia do país, a presente dissertação tem como objetivo buscar compreender, à luz da análise das políticas públicas dos Estados de Minas Gerais e Pernambuco, o problema da baixa atratividade da profissão docente no cenário educacional brasileiro. Observamos que, a partir da constatação da problemática da baixa atratividade que vem apresentando o magistério público no país, ressaltada por instituições acadêmicas, organismos internacionais, organizações sindicais e, até mesmo, pelo setor empresarial, o Estado, em suas distintas instâncias, vem engendrando políticas que têm como objetivo a valorização da profissão docente e, consequentemente, elevar sua capacidade de atrair novos profissionais e de manter aqueles que nela se encontram. Para a pesquisa proposta foram identificadas e analisadas políticas públicas, em âmbito nacional e estadual, e ações dos diferentes setores da sociedade civil que têm como foco a valorização docente e a busca pela inserção de novos profissionais na carreira. A partir dos textos legislativos das distintas instâncias governamentais e documentos oficiais disponibilizados por instituições acadêmicas, organismos internacionais, movimento sindical e por organizações de incentivo privado, identificamos que a problemática da baixa atratividade da profissão docente vem constituindo um amplo debate no cenário educacional do país e gerando uma intensa preocupação nestes diversos setores. Todavia, conforme vêm ressaltando as instituições representativas do professorado, tais políticas não apresentam os resultados esperados e, muitas vezes, apresentam-se na contramão dos objetivos propostos, contribuindo, sobretudo, para um acentuado processo de desprofissionalização.
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Santana, Raiana Silva Menezes de. "Caracterização da comunidade bacteriana de Baccharis dracunculifolia, com e sem galha causada por Baccharopelma dracuncufoliae." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/BUBD-9GAGPB.
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Bacteria are ubiquitous, inhabiting different environments, including other living beings. Composition and diversity may be affected by the health or disease conditions of the host organism. In this scenario, this work characterized the endophytic bacterial communities of Baccharis dracucunlifolia endorhizosphere affected by the gall insect Baccharopelma dracuncufoliae and leaves of male plants, with and without B. dracuncufoliae gall, from the partial sequencing of 16S rRNA gene using different high throughput platforms: Ion Torrent and Illumina HiSeq 2000. Furthermore, we compared the composition of these communities, using restriction analysis of the amplified rDNA (ARDRA). Phylogenetic analysis of the microbiota of endorrizosfera showed a diverse and complex community, represented by 17 phyla. It is noteworthy that 50 % of the sequences of 16S rDNA were not classified in the phylum level. Proteobacteria predominated (28.7 %), followed by the phyla Actinobacteria (11.5%) and Acidobacteria (2.6%). The compositions of the bacterial communities from the leaves of healthy and affected plants were significantly different (p < 0.05). In both libraries, Proteobacteria was the most abundant phylum. Other phyla found were Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Chorobi. The endophytic microbiota of B. dracuncufolia harbour metabolically diverse bacteria with potential to degrade wide variety of compounds, which is expected when studying such a rich plant secondary metabolites as B. dracunculifolia. Unlike Illumina HiSeq 2000 sequencing, the ARDRA profile revealed no differences between male healthy and gall plants, and female healthy and gall plants. The results of this study indicate that B. dracunculifolia houses a diverse and complex community, and that the presence of galling insect interferes in their bacterial composition.Bactérias são ubíquas, habitando os mais diversos ambientes, inclusive outros seres vivos. Sua composição e diversidade pode ser afetada pela condição de saúde ou doença do organismo hospedeiro. Neste cenário, este trabalho caracterizou as comunidades bacterianas endofíticas da endorrizosfera de Baccharis dracucunlifolia afetada pela galha do inseto Baccharopelma dracuncufoliae, bem como de folhas de plantas masculinas, com e sem galha de B. dracuncufoliae, a partir do sequenciamento parcial do gene de rRNA 16S utilizando diferentes plataformas de alta processividade: Ion Torrent e Illumina Hiseq 2000. Além disso, comparou-se a composição destas comunidades, usando análise de restrição do rDNA amplificado (ARDRA). A análise filogenética da microbiota da endorrizosfera mostrou uma comunidade diversa e complexa, representada por 17 filos. Destaca-se que 50% das sequências de rDNA 16S não foram classificadas no nível de filo. Proteobacteria predominou (28,7%), seguido pelos filos Actinobacteria (11,5%) e Acidobacteria (2,6%). As composições das comunidades bacterianas das folhas de plantas masculinas sadias e atacadas foram significativamente diferentes (p<0,05). Em ambas bibliotecas, Proteobacteria foi o filo mais abundante. Outros filos encontrados foram Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes e Chorobi. A microbiota endofítica de B. dracuncufolia abriga bactérias metabolicamente diversas, com potencial para degradar grande variedade de compostos. Ao contrário do sequenciamento Illumina Hiseq 2000, o perfil ARDRA não revelou diferenças entre plantas masculinas sadia, com galha e plantas femininas sadia e com galha. Os resultados deste estudo indicam que B. dracunculifolia abriga uma comunidade diversa e complexa, e que a presença do inseto galhador interfere na sua composição bacteriana.
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Vrålstad, Eivind. "Kontroll av oljeutslipp frå havbotn : Control of Oil Spill at Sea Bed." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for energi- og prosessteknikk, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-14265.
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Med inspirasjon frå lekkasja etter «Deepwater Horizon»/Macondobrønnulukka i2010, er det foreslått og modellert eit nytt system for innfanging og oppsamlingav olje rett frå brønnhovudet ved lekkasje på store havdjup. Dette systemetbestår av eit stigerøyr som er senka frå eit farty ned på lekkasjestaden, med einoppsamlingskuppel i nedre enden. Systemet blir tetta ved å påføre eit lågare indretrykk i denne kuppelen enn det hydrostatiske havbotntrykket, slik at koplingamellom kuppelen og havbotnen blir hydrodynamisk foresgla.Denne modellen, som også innheld ein grov modell for heile brønnen, gjennomgårdatasimuleringar, kor han er diskretisert med karakteristikkmetoden.Alle simuleringane er i 1D, einfase. Det er lagt hovudvekt på oppstarten avsystemet. Som plattform for datasimuleringane er MATLAB nytta, og alle simuleringarer gjort på ei 64-bits bærbar datamaskin.Det viser seg at den vanskelegaste delen av oppstarten er tida frå strøyminga istigerøyret er stilleståande, til trykket i oppsamlingskuppelen synk under brønnhovudtrykket,slik at dei to systema blir eitt. Ei løysing på dette ser ut til å vereein sakte, liten, ikkjelineær senking av stigerøyrets topptrykk i to steg, først tilforsegling og samanslåing er oppnådd. Etter dette blir systemet meir medgjørleg,og kan enkelt påførast kva sluttrykk ein treng for å få oppsamlingskuppelen til åsetje seg i havbotnen.
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Lima, Mario Oscar Pimentel Braga de Souza. "Correlação entre o nível de cortisol salivar e o desempenho cognitivo em idosos sem déficit cognitivo." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/BUBD-9VZJWA.
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Introduction: The chronic stress, measured by the hypercortisolism, has been associated with cognitive decline, but cognitive impairment, low education level and the collection time of the salivary cortisol might modify this association. Objectives: To investigate the association between the performance in cognitive tests and salivary cortisol levels among elderly with medium to high education level and no cognitive impairment. Methods: 244 elderly (60+ years-old) from Belo Horizonte, Brazil, were invited, with at least four years of schooling with no cognitive impairment defined by the Mini-Mental cutoff points of 18 for elderly between four and seven years of schooling and 26 points for those with eight or more years. Exclusion criteria were: a) severe sight, hearing or speech dysfunction as it could affect the apprehension and performance of cognitive tests; b) regular use of oral corticosteroids, benzodiazepines, cholinesterase inhibitors or psychotropic drugs. The cognitive tests were: semantic and phonemic verbal fluency, Word List learning, recall and recognition from the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimers Disease and the Trail Making test B. Participants were trained to collect the salivary cortisol at home, two days before the interview, at 11p.m., using a saliva device (Salivette®). The data collected also included: socio-demographic characteristics, lifestyle habits, medications, comorbidities, mental disorders, insomnia and stressful life events. Results: 196 elderly participated with an average age of 68.9 (SD= 6.4) years, 89.8% women, and 12.2 (SD=4) years of schooling. The number of corrected words in the recall test, in multiple linear regression, increased among women (=1.273, 95%CI=2.121, 4.259) and increasing years of schooling (=0.075, 95%CI=0.151, 3.844) and decreased with increasing cortisol levels (= -0.301, 95%CI= -5.940, -0.008), ageing (=-0.036, 95%CI=-7.644, 0.004), decreasing monthly family income (from =-0.893; 95%CI=-1.529, -0.256 to =-1.272, 95%CI=-2.064, -0.480), use of dual-action antidepressants (=-1.350, 95%CI=-2.491, -0.210) and common mental disorders (=-0,505, 95%CI=-1.036, -0.026). The ability to accomplish the Trail Making test B, evaluated by multivariate logistic regression, was directly associated with higher levels of cortisol (OR= 1.46, 95%CI=1.01, 2.13), increasing years of schooling (OR=1.16, 95%CI=1.07, 1.27) and higher scores of subjective social status in the society (OR= 1.26, 95%CI=1.04, 1.55). It was also inversely associated with ageing (OR=0.94, 95%CI=0.90, 0.99). Discussion: The association found between higher levels of salivary cortisol and the decrease of the memory performance is compatible with the results of the majority prospective elderly studies without cognitive impairment and similar schooling level. In the Trail Making test B, the capacity to accomplish the test was associated with the increase of cortisol, possibly because of the improvement of the elderly attention. Conclusion: Higher cortisol levels increased the capacity to accomplish the TMB test, but decreased the performance on the memory test.Introdução: O estresse crônico, medido pelo hipercortisolismo, tem sido associado à piora cognitiva. Porém, a baixa escolaridade, a presença de déficit cognitivo e o horário de coleta do cortisol podem modificar esta relação. Objetivos: Avaliar a correlação entre o desempenho em testes cognitivos e os níveis de cortisol salivar, em idosos com nível mediano a alto de escolaridade e sem déficit cognitivo. Metodologia: Em 2012, foram convidados 244 idosos ( 60 anos), em Belo Horizonte, Brasil, com pelo menos quatro anos de escolaridade, sem déficit cognitivo, definido pela pontuação no Minimental, de maior ou igual a 18 para os idosos com escolaridade entre quatro e sete anos, e maior ou igual a 26 para aqueles com escolaridade maior ou igual a oito anos. Os critérios de exclusão foram: a) perda visual, auditiva ou de linguagem grave, que pudessem dificultar a compreensão e o desempenho nos testes cognitivos; b) uso regular de corticoide oral, benzodiazepínicos, inibidores da colinesterase e psicotrópicos. Os testes cognitivos foram: fluência verbal semântica e fonêmica, Lista de Palavras (fixação, evocação e reconhecimento) do Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimers Disease e teste de Trilhas B. Os participantes foram treinados para realizar a coleta salivar do cortisol, no domicílio, dois dias antes da entrevista, às 23h, utilizando o Kit Salivette® (Sarstedt). Outros dados coletados foram: características sociodemográficas, hábitos de vida, medicamentos, comorbidades, transtornos mentais comuns, insônia e eventos de vida estressantes. Resultados: 196 idosos participaram, com média de idade 68,9 (DP=6,4 anos), 89,8% do sexo feminino e 12,2 (DP=4) anos de escolaridade. O número de palavras no teste de evocação, na regressão linear múltipla, aumentou no sexo feminino (=1,273; IC95%=2,121; 4,259) e com os anos de estudo (=0,075; IC95%=0,151; 3,844) e diminuiu com o aumento dos níveis de cortisol (= -0,301; IC95%=-5,940; -0,008), o envelhecimento (=-0,036; IC95%=-7,644; 0,004), a diminuição da renda familiar mensal (de =-0,893; IC95%=-1,529; -0,256 a =-1,272; IC95%=-2,064; -0,480), o uso de antidepressivos de dupla ação (=-1,350; IC95%=-2,491; -0,210) e transtornos mentais comuns (=-0,505; IC95%=-1,036; -0,026). A capacidade de realizar o teste de Trilhas B, na regressão logística múltipla, foi associada diretamente ao aumento do cortisol (OR= 1,46; IC95%=1,01; 2,13), anos de estudo (OR=1,16; IC95%=1,07; 1,27) e à maiores pontuações na posição social subjetiva na sociedade (OR= 1,26; IC95%=1,04; 1,55). Foi, também, associada inversamente ao envelhecimento (OR=0,94; IC95%=0,90; 0,99). Discussão: A associação encontrada entre maior nível de cortisol salivar e a diminuição do desempenho da memória é compatível com os resultados observados na maioria dos estudos longitudinais em idosos sem déficit cognitivo e nível educacional similar. No teste de Trilhas B, a capacidade de completar o teste foi associada ao aumento do cortisol, possivelmente pela melhora da atenção nesses idosos. Conclusão: Níveis maiores de cortisol aumentaram a capacidade de realizar o teste de Trilhas B, mas reduziram o desempenho no teste de memória.
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Samarawickrama, Saman Priyantha. "Long-term tide and wave-induced sedimentation at a lagoon entrance." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.325317.
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Sena, Luciano Bernadino de. "Porque não se pode ser autoridade nestes lugarejos: atividade de delegados de polícia em Minas Gerais (1888 - 1897)." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/BUBD-9FUFJF.
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L'objectif de ce travail est l'activité de la police dans le Minas Gerais à l'époque impériale tardive et de la République au début . L'étude comprend un contexte où l'exercice de la police ont été progressivement cesser d'être un poste occupé sur une base volontaire avec justification dans la promotion du bien public et est devenu un caractère technique basée sur la connaissance du juridique et scientifique . La coupe chronologique est marquée au début par le lancement d'un réglage manuel de l'activité policière en 1888, et à la fin de la publication de la législation pour réglementer l'embauche d'agents de police en 1897. Dans cet environnement de coexistence des connaissances scientifiques et des pratiques politiques , nous chercherons à identifier les usages et le sens de la politique publique en tant que base pour l'existence et le fonctionnement de l'organisation policière . Cette direction sera examiné les actions des policiers et le chef de l'institution en cas de contestation politique. La recherche est basée sur la correspondance officielle des délégués des autorités judiciaires puis envoyés au président de l'Etat et aussi le chef de la police .O foco deste trabalho é a atividade de autoridades policiais em Minas Gerais no final da época imperial e início da República. O estudo abarca um contexto onde o exercício de polícia estava gradualmente deixando de ser um cargo exercido de maneira voluntária com justificativa na promoção do bem público e se tornava uma atividade técnica fundamentada em conhecimentos de cunho jurídico e científico. O recorte cronológico é marcado no início pelo lançamento de um manual de normatização da atividade policial, em 1888, e no final pela publicação de legislação de para regular a contratação de delegados de polícia, em 1897. Nesse ambiente de coexistência de saberes científicos e práticas políticas, procuraremos identificar os usos e o sentido de ordem pública como um fundamento para existência e funcionamento da organização policial. Neste sentido será examinada a atuação dos delegados de polícia e do chefe da instituição em situações de contestação política. A pesquisa tem como base a correspondência oficial de delegados autoridades judiciárias enviada para o então presidente do estado e também para o chefe de polícia.
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Menezes, Gutavo Campos. "Modelo e algoritmos para a definição da densidade, cobertura e conectividade em uma rede de sensores sem fio." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/BUBD-9K9MK5.
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The Wireless Sensor Networks have being carrying great challenges. One of them is the coverage problem which consists in assuring the monitoring quality for a specific area or environment. Another challenge, is to control the density of sensors. That is, from a set of sensors deployed in an area of monitoring, determine the less number of sensors that must be activated in order to guarantee the coverage and connectivity in the network. This paper presents a mixed integer linear programming model which aims to solve these problems. Besides the optimization model, it is also proposed a heuristic based on Lagrangean Relaxation and sub-gradient methods. The computational results show that the heuristic used is able to provide optimal solutions to a large range of instances. Moreover, a significant reduction in computational effort is achieved, as compared to optimization packages such as CPLEX.As Redes de Sensores Sem Fio (RSSF) vêm propondo grandes desafios. Um destes desafios é o problema de cobertura, que consiste na garantia de uma qualidade de monitoramento para uma determinada área ou ambiente. Outro desafio, é o problema de controle da densidade dos nós sensores. Este problema consiste em determinar o menor número de nós sensores ativos dispostos em uma área de monitoramento de forma a garantir a cobertura e conectividade da rede. Este trabalho apresenta um modelo de programação linear inteira mista que tem por objetivo resolver estes problemas. Além do modelo de otimização, é proposta uma heurística baseada na utilização da Relaxação Lagrangeana e do método de sub-gradientes. Os resultados computacionais mostram que a heurística utilizada é capaz de fornecer soluções ótimas para um grande número de instâncias, além de fornecer soluções com um esforço computacional muito menor que o utilizado por pacotes de otimização como o CPLEX.
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Gan, Aik Ben. "The effect of frictional and thermal forces upon sea bed pipeline buckling behaviour." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 1985. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/19217/.
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The objective of the research programme has been to develop design parameters applicable to in-service submarine pipeline buckling behaviour. The programme has involved experimental and theoretical studies and computer graphics are widely employed throughout. Initially, as detailed in Chapter 1, the necessary buckling mechanisms in. pipelines subjected to axial compression have been identified and analysed in the form of relatively basic fully mobilised studies. In addition, errors and limitations contained within these studies have been determined and delineated. Consequently, geotechnical experimentation as reported in Chapter 2 was deemed necessary particularly given the dearth of information available relating to the nature of the friction resistance force between the pipeline and its supporting medium. Full scale values for the axial and lateral friction coefficients together with their respective fully mobilised displacements have been deduced upon the basis of model tests. A semi-empirical formula has thereby been produced for use in design practice. Further, a novel interpretation of sea bed recovery, or the pipeline's submerged self-weight inertial characteristics associated with vertical buckling, has also been determined. Following on from the above geotechnical study,more refined quasi-idealised analyses,dealt with in Chapter 3, have been undertaken incorporating the appropriate full scale deformation-dependent axial and lateral friction-response loci together with the respective sea bed recovery characteristics. These analyses enable, for the first time, definition of the appropriate critical temperature rise at which axial-flexural bifurcation occurs. Finally, noting that previous buckling analyses have been based on quasi-idealised buckling phenomena, attempts have also been made to incorporate practical submarine pipeline imperfections. Pipelines are not perfectly straight in field conditions and, consequently, the imperfection studies denoted in Chapter 4 have attempted to model the appropriate behaviour. Design charts have been produced accordingly and suggestions made regarding further studies.
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Huang, Dongdong. "The status of the deep sea-bed and its resources in international law." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5024.
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Kharpertian, Kiara L. Pynchon Thomas. "Little Slothrop and the big bad rocket : approaches to the mythological and mechanical rocket-god in Thomas Pynchon's Gravity's Rainbow /." Connect to online version, 2007. http://ada.mtholyoke.edu/setr/websrc/pdfs/www/2007/229.pdf.
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Pires, Daniel Ananias de Assis. "Avaliação de quatro genótipos de sorgo (Sorghum bicolor) com e sem taninos nos grãos para a produção de silagens." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/BUDB-8BHGDY.
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The objective of this work was to study the experimental period and the nutricional value of the silages of four genotypes of sorghum (CMSXS 165, CMSXS 114, BR 700 and BR 601), in assay of consumptionand apparent digestibility, as well as determining their chemical compositions and the nutritional value in in situ degradability assays and technique in vitro automatic production of gases, using itself ewes. Thedry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), fiber in neutral detergent (NDF), fiber in acid detergent (ADF) and crude energy (CE) determined in the silages had been of: 31.75, 32.04, 38.98 and 20.21%; 9.38, 9.03, 7.22 and 6.97%; 44.06, 47.87, 52.65 and 53.44%; 23.42, 26.23, 29.82 and 29.63% and 4368.45, 4321.95, 4317.56 and 4233.51kcal/kg, for the silages of genotypes CMSXS165, CMSXS114, BR700 and BR601, respectively. The consumptions of dry matter in g/unit of metabolic weight (DMI-MWU) had been of 51.05 and 51.23 g/MWU/day for the silages of CMSXS114 and CMSXS165, respectively. Already for the silages of hybrids BR700 and BR601 the consumptions of dry matter had been 28.37 and 33.57g/MWU/day, respectively. The values of apparent digestibility of the dry matter (ADDM), apparent digestibility of the crude protein (ADCP), apparent digestibility of the crude energy (ADCE) and apparentdigestibility of NDF and ADF of the silage CMSXS165 without tannin was higher (p<0,05) the values of voluntary consumption of the dry matter, crude energy, crude protein, and fibrous fractions. In the degradability study in situ the degradabilities of the dry matter 96 hours of incubation had varied of 57.10% for the silage of genotype BR601 to 73.19% for the silage of the CMSXS165. The effective degradability (ED) of the DM for the taxes of 2.0%/h, 5.0%/h and 8.0%/h had of 58.47, 49.87 and 46.12% for CMSXS165; 45.21, 37.97 and 35.39% for the BR601; 48.67, 41.83 and 38.49% for BR700 and 48.40, 41.19 and 38.04 for CMSXS114. The greatest potential of degradation (a) of the CP was found for the silage of CMSXS165 (79.88%). The taxes of degradation (c) of this fraction, the silage of the BR700, it presented the highest value of 4.67%/h. The degradabilities of NDF and ADF varied of 32.22 to 56.07% and 26.40 to 54.40%, for CMSXS165 and BR700, respectively. In the assay of production of gases the comparisons between the genotypes in the different periods of fermentation indicated that genotype CMSXS165 without tannin was that produced more gases. The values of DDM to 96 hours of fermentation was 69.20% for the silage of CMSXS165, 53.80% for the silage of CMSXS114, 55.6% for the silage of BR601 and 54.40% for the BR700, respectively. In the assay of production of gases thecomparisons between the genotypes in the different periods of fermentation indicated that genotype CMSXS165 without tannin was that produced more gases, being that the three last ones not differed(p>0.05) between itself. The maximum potentials of production of gases varied of 173 for the silage of the BR700 and 212 mL/g of DM for the silage of CMSXS165. The silage of CMSXS165 without tanninhiger than the others silages, in function of its potential greater of production of gases and effective degradabilities. The results conclude that the tannin in silages of sorghum compromise the exploration ofthe food for ruminants. Keywords: digestibility, nutritional value, sorghum, ruminant, silage, voluntary intakeO objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar o período experimental e o valor nutricional das silagens de quatro genótipos de sorgo (CMSXS 165, CMSXS 114, BR 700 e BR 601), em ensaio de consumo edigestibilidade aparente, bem como determinar as suas composições químicas e o valor nutritivo em ensaios de degradabilidade in situ e in vitro, técnica semi-automática de produção de gases, utilizando-seovinos. Os teores de matéria seca (MS), proteína bruta (PB), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN), fibra em detergente ácido (FDA) e energia bruta (EB) determinados nas silagens foram de: 31,75, 32,04, 38,98 e20,21%; 9,38, 9,03, 7,22 e 6,97%; 44,06, 47,87, 52,65 e 53,44%; 23,42, 26,23, 29,82 e 29,63% e 4368,45, 4321,95, 4317,56 e 4233,51kcal/kg, para as silagens dos genótipos CMSXS165, CMSXS114, BR700 eBR601, respectivamente. Os consumos de matéria seca em g/unidade de tamanho metabólico (CMSUTM) foram de 51,05 e 51,23 g/UTM/dia para as silagens das linhagens CMSXS114 e CMSXS165,respectivamente. Já para as silagens dos híbridos BR700 e BR601 os consumos de matéria seca g/UTM/dia foram de 28,37 e 33,57 g/UTM/dia, respectivamente. Os valores de digestibilidade aparenteda matéria seca (DAMS), digestibilidade aparente da proteína bruta (DAPB), digestibilidade aparente da energia bruta (DAEB) e digestibilidade aparente da FDN e FDA da silagem da linhagem CMSXS165 sem tanino foi superior (p<0,05) a silagem da linhagem CMSXS114, sendo os valores obtidos: 71,87%; 71,65%, 71,97%, 66,20% e 64,83%, respectivamente. As silagens das linhagens isogênicas foram semelhantes (p>0,05) quanto aos valores de consumo voluntário da matéria seca, energia, proteína bruta, e frações fibrosas. No estudo de degradabilidade in situ as degradabilidades da matéria seca após 96 horas de incubação variaram de 57,10 % para a silagem do genótipo BR601 a 73,19% para a silagem dom CMSXS165. As degradabilidades efetivas (DE) da MS para as taxas de passagem de 2,0%/h, 5,0%/h e8,0%/h foram de 58,47, 49,87 e 46,12% para a linhagem CMSXS165; 45,21, 37,97 e 35,39% para o BR601; 48,67, 41,83 e 38,49% para o BR700 e 48,40, 41,19 e 38,04 para a linhagem CMSXS114. O maior potencial de degradação (A) da PB foi encontrado para a silagem da linhagem CMSXS165 (79,88%). Quanto às taxas de degradação (c) desta fração, a silagem do BR700, apresentou o maior valor de 4,67%/h. As degradabilidades da FDN e FDA variaram de 32,22 a 56,07% e 26,40 a 54,40%, para o CMSXS165 e BR700, respectivamente. No ensaio de produção de gases as comparações entre os genótipos nos diferentes períodos de fermentação indicaram que o genótipo CMSXS165 sem tanino foi o que produziu maior volume de gases. Os valores de DMS apresentados às 96 horas de fermentação foram de 69,20% para a silagem da linhagem CMSXS165, 53,80% para a silagem da linhagem CMSXS114, 55,6% para a silagem do BR601 e 54,40% para o BR700, sendo que os três últimos não diferiram (p>0,05) entre si. Os potenciais máximos de produção de gases variaram de 173 para a silagem do BR700 a 212 mL/g de MS para a silagem da linhagem CMSXS165. A silagem da linhagem CMSXS165 sem tanino se destacou entre as demais, em função do seu maior potencial de produção de gases e degradabilidades efetivas. Com base nos resultados encontrados conclui-se que os taninos presentes em silagens de sorgo comprometem o aproveitamento do alimento por ruminantes.
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Roseno, Sonia Maria. "A práxis educativa do movimento dos trabalhadores rurais sem terra (MST): desafios e possibilidades no diálogo com instituições universitárias." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/BUBD-9UGH67.
Full textAbstract:
The present study had as objective investigates the course of the educational praxis of MST in their partnerships with two teaching institutions: UFMG and UNESP. We analyzed how the specificity of organizational and formative way of MST it is dialoguing with the formation developed in the university and how this process it echoes in the praxis of the Movement that looks for to reach the formation of the Organic Intellectual: Educators, Militants who works the capacitation since the Childhood Education, Basic Education, EJA (Portuguese acronym for youth and adult education), Medium and walking for Higher Education. We identified how the organizational dynamics enabled apprehend the being while educator and at the same time while militant. We evidenced that the insert of the subjects in MST provides identities traits that configure them as collective subjects wherever they are inserted, in all of the learning processes (FREIRE, 1970, CASTELLS; 1999). Once centrality of formation in the Movement lies in the struggle for land, considered by many authors as a 'locus' generator of the Field Education (KOLLING, 1999).Leaving of the understanding that the methodological choice needs to identify with researcher and the object of the research, like this, we made the choice by MHD, for we consider that it more approaches with the methodological proposal to understand the praxis formative and educational of the Movement in their several determinations, contradictions and totality inside of the fight of classes (THOMPSON, 1987; MARX & ENGELS, 1974). The research was accomplished with four subjects alumnus of the Degree courses, among the partnership with the Landless Rural Workers Movement (MST - acronym in Portuguese), the Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG) through the Course of Degree in Education of the Field, and the University State from São Paulo "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" Campus Presidente Prudente, (UNESP) through the Course of Geography and with two leaderships of the national instances of MST. In the results we considered that the materialization of the internal organicity revealed us that doesn't import the place that these people are. The same ones possess an own way to interrelate with other subjects and with new spaces. In this sense we concluded the analysis not with a final point, but with countless considerations in understanding the formative and educational praxis of MST, in their 30 years and their partnerships.O presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar o percurso da práxis educativa do MST em suas parcerias com duas instituições de ensino: UFMG e UNESP. Analisamos como a especificidade do jeito organizativo e formativo do MST vem dialogando com a formação desenvolvida na universidade e como esse processo repercute na práxis do Movimento, que busca alcançar a formação do intelectual orgânico: educadores e educadoras, militantes que trabalham a capacitação desde a Educação Infantil, Fundamental, EJA, Médio e caminhando para o Ensino Superior. Identificamos que a dinâmica organizativa possibilitou apreender o ser enquanto educador e, ao mesmo tempo, enquanto militante. Evidenciamos que a inserção dos sujeitos no MST proporciona traços identitários que os configuram como sujeitos coletivos onde quer que estejam inseridos, em todos os processos de aprendizagem (FREIRE, 1970, CASTELLS; 1999). Leva-se em conta que centralidade da formação no Movimento reside na luta pela terra, considerada por vários autores como 'lócus' gerador da Educação do Campo (KOLLING, 1999). Partindo da compreensão que a escolha metodológica necessita identificar-se com o ser pesquisador/a e o objeto da pesquisa, assim, fizemos a escolha pelo Materialismo Histórico Dialético (MHD), por considerarmos ser o que mais se aproxima com a proposta metodológica de compreender a práxis formativa e educativa do Movimento em suas várias determinações, contradições e totalidade dentro da luta de classes (THOMPSON, 1987; MARX & ENGELS, 1974). A pesquisa foi realizada com quatro sujeitos egressos dos cursos de graduação em Geografia e Licenciatura em Educação do Campo, realizados por meio de parceria entre o Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra (MST), a Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) e a Universidade Estadual Paulistana Júlio de Mesquita Filho Campus Presidente Prudente (UNESP), e com duas lideranças de instâncias nacionais do MST. Nos resultados, consideramos que a materialização da organicidade interna desvendou que não importa o local que estejam estes sujeitos, eles possuem um jeito próprio para se inter-relacionar com outros sujeitos e com novos espaços. Neste sentido, concluímos a análise não com um ponto final, mas com inúmeras considerações em compreender a práxis formativa e educativa do MST, nos seus 30 anos e suas parcerias.
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Maia, Orlewilson Bentes. "Um sistema de gerenciamento da qualidade de experiência orientada à transmissão de vídeos para dispositivos móveis em redes sem fio." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/BUBD-9Y2MAD.
Full textAbstract:
The present scenario indicates an increased access to multimedia content services, especially video on demand and IP television, by mobile devices capable of playing high-definition videos anywhere. However, the success of these services is closely related to the video quality perceived by the user, also known as the quality of experience (QoE). This work proposes a quality management system for video transmission to mobile devices. The video streaming systems are characterized as well as the elements of its architecture. The different forms of video quality evaluation and the techniques used to improve this quality are described. Based on these studies, the development of a quality video manager for a streaming service on mobile devices is detailed, taking into account information about the transmission, the mobile device and the video encoding. As the video encoding choice is performed in the streaming server, this management does not overload the mobile device. For its operation, two predictors are required: one for the encoding choice, at the beginning, when the content is chosen; another for the automatic adjustment of the video quality according to the information collected during content playback on the mobile device. Several experiments were conducted for choosing the relevante features to be considered by these predictors. With a proposal of information treatment, an average improvement of 22% was achieved in the results, compared with Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR).O cenário atual aponta para o consumo crescente de serviços relacionados a conteúdos multimídia, especialmente de vídeo sob demanda e televisão IP, por dispositivos móveis com capacidade de reproduzir vídeos de alta definição e em qualquer lugar. No entanto, o sucesso desses serviços está fortemente relacionado com a qualidade do vídeo percebida pelo usuário, também conhecida como a qualidade da experiência (quality of experience QoE). Neste trabalho é proposto um sistema de gerenciamento da qualidade de experiência orientada à transmissão de vídeos para dispositivos móveis. São caracterizados os sistemas de streaming de vídeo, assim como os elementos que compõem sua arquitetura. As formas de avaliação de qualidade de um vídeo são descritas, bem como as técnicas utilizadas para incrementar esta qualidade. Com base nesses estudos, é detalhado o desenvolvimento de um gerenciador de qualidade de vídeos para um serviço de streaming em dispositivos móveis, levando em consideração informações sobre a transmissão, as características do dispositivo móvel e a codificação do vídeo. Como a escolha da codificação do vídeo é realizada no servidor de streaming, esse gerenciamento não sobrecarrega o dispositivo móvel. Para seu funcionamento, o gerenciador atua com o auxílio de dois preditores: um para a escolha da codificação, quando o conteúdo é escolhido pela primeira vez; outro para ajuste automático da qualidade de vídeo de acordo com as informações coletadas durante a reprodução do conteúdo no dispositivo móvel. Para a criação desses preditores, vários experimentos foram realizados para a escolha das informações necessárias. Com uma proposta de tratamento das informações, os preditores obtiveram uma melhora de resultado de 22% em média, quando comparado com Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR).
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Chandrasekar, Kameshwar. "Search-space Aware Learning Techniques for Unbounded Model Checking and Path Delay Testing." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27048.
Full textAbstract:
The increasing complexity of VLSI designs, in recent years, poses serious challenges while ensuring the correctness of large designs for functionality and timing. In this dissertation, we target two related problems in Design Verification and Testing: Unbounded Model Checking and Path Delay Fault Testing, that commonly suffer from extremely large memory requirements. We propose efficient representations and intelligent learning techniques that reason on the problem structure and take advantage of the repeated search space, thereby alleviating the memory required and time taken to solve these problems.
In this dissertation, we exploit Automatic Test Pattern Generation (ATPG) for Unbounded Model Checking (UMC). In order to perform unbounded model checking, we need the core image / preimage computation engines that perform forward / backward reachability analysis. First, we develop an ATPG engine, with search-space aware learning, that computes ``all solutions" for a given target objective and stores it as a decision diagram. We propose efficient decision selection heuristics and derive a suitable cut-set metric to quickly obtain a compact solution set. The solution set that is obtained, with the initial state set as the objective, represents the one-cycle preimage. In order to use the preimage state set as the objective in the subsequent iterations, we propose efficient techniques to convert a decision diagram into clauses/circuit. We propose a node-based conversion scheme that derives the functionality of each node in the decision diagram. The proposed scheme contains the size of the state set and helps to iteratively compute the preimage for many cycles until a fixed point / desired state is reached.
Further, we gear the ATPG engine to directly compute the circuit cofactors, rather than individual solutions. The circuit cofactors contain a large number of solutions and hence capture a larger solution space. We also propose efficient learning techniques to prune the cofactor space and accelerate preimage computation. Then, we develop an exclusive image computation procedure that branches on the combinational inputs of the circuit and projects the values on the next state flip-flops as the image. We perform learning on the input solution space and incrementally store the image obtained as a decision diagram. We consistently show, with our experimental results, that our techniques are better than the existing techniques in terms of both performance and capacity.
In the case of delay testing, we consider the test generation for path delay fault (PDF) model, which is the most accurate in characterizing the cumulative effect of distributed delays along each path in a circuit. The main bottle-neck in the ATPG for PDFs is the exponential number of paths in a circuit. In this work, we use the circuit information to analyze the common segments shared by different paths in a circuit. Based on the common sensitization constraints, we propose to identify the ``untestable core of segments" that cannot be sensitized together. We use these segments to identify the conflict search space for a huge number of untestable path delay faults apriori and prune them on-the-fly during test generation. Experimental results show that a huge number of untestable path delay faults are identified and it helps to accelerate test generation.Ph. D.
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Khoshnood, Sepideh. "Constraint Solving for Diagnosing Concurrency Bugs." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/52784.
Full textAbstract:
Programmers often have to spend a significant amount of time inspecting the software code and execution traces to identify the root cause of a software bug. For a multithreaded program, debugging is even more challenging due to the subtle interactions between concurrent threads and the often astronomical number of possible interleavings. In this work, we propose a logical constraint-based symbolic analysis method to aid in the diagnosis of concurrency bugs and find their root causes, which can be later used to recommend repairs. In our method, the diagnosis process is formulated as a set of constraint solving problems. By leveraging the power of constraint satisfiability (SAT) solvers and a bounded model checker, we perform a semantic analysis of the sequential computation as well as the thread interactions. The analysis is ideally suited for handling software with small to medium code size but complex concurrency control, such as device drivers, synchronization protocols, and concurrent data structures. We have implemented our method in a software tool and demonstrated its effectiveness in diagnosing subtle concurrency bugs in multithreaded C programs.Master of Science
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Silva, Roberto. "Detecção do Fator Corda: utilização de diferentes metodologias com e sem coloração para uma rápida identificação presuntiva do complexo Mycobacterium tuberculosis." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/BUBD-92PLSG.
Full textAbstract:
The quick differentiation between M. tuberculosis and Nontuberculous Mycobacteria is essential for the adequate treatment of patients, mainly those that are coinfected with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus or patients with basal respiratory diseases, such as: cystic fibrosis and previous pulmonary sequels. The identification by basic and molecular methods can be used; however, such a use requires primary
presumptive identification to know which protocol should be followed. Hence, the purpose of this study was to evaluate different methodologies, with and without coloration, in the Cord Factor detection, to enable a quick presumptive identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex. Sputum smears were colored by the Ziehl- Neelsen method after processing and centrifugation, being then evaluated for presence of Cord Factor. Two smears from colonies isolated from Lowenstein
Jensen medium were colored on slides by the Ziehl-Neelsen method and Auramine O, and viewed in the microscope at white and fluorescent light, respectively; and a smear was viewed directly in the microscope under uncolored inverted light, for the Cord Factor detection. For the species identification, basic biochemical tests were utilized as golden standard. Two observers developed all methodologies in a blinded
manner. Out of the 21 sputum smears, 10 (47.6%) were detected as having the Cord Factor, corresponding so to 100% of sensitivity and specificity. Out of the 101 cultures of mycobacteria colored by the Zielh-Neelsen technique, 88 (87.1%) were detected as having the Cord Factor; which corresponds to a sensitivity of 100%; specificity of 81.3%; positive predictive value of 96.6%; negative predictive value of
100%; accuracy of 97.0% and Kappa = 0.88 (very good concordance - CI95%). By the Auramine coloration, 89 (88.1%) out of 101 smears exhibited the Cord Factor, corresponding so to a sensitivity of 100%; specificity of 75.0%; positive predictive value of 95.5%; negative predictive value of 100%; accuracy of 96.0% and Kappa = 0.83 (very good concordance - CI95%). Without coloration, by direct viewing, and
using the microscope under inverted light, 90 (89.1%) out of 101 smears have shown the Cord Factor, corresponding so to a sensitivity of 100%; specificity of 68.8%; positive predictive value of 95.5%; negative predictive value of 100%; accuracy of 95% and Kappa = 0.79 (good concordance - CI95%). The specificity achieved 100% when associated to observation of colonies characteristics within the culture medium. There was a high results agreement between both observers. The Cord Factor detection for presumptive identification of mycobacterium tuberculosis complex has
an excellent accuracy, as in case of direct coloration of sputum, as in case of positive colonies colored by Ziehl-Neelsen and Auramine methodologies, or even without any coloration, if viewed in the microscope at white, fluorescent, or inverted light, respectively; e could be utilized to guide the definitive identification methodologies in mycobacteria laboratories. The uncolored methodology is quicker, but depends on effective technical training. It is important to highlight that there are no works described in the literature, comparing Cord Factor detection methodologies; however, it is necessary that other laboratories develop their own experiences, in order to enable new researches and comparisons.A diferenciação rápida entre M. tuberculosis e micobactérias não tuberculosa é essencial para o tratamento adequado dos pacientes, principalmente coinfectados com o vírus da imunodeficiência humana ou pacientes com doenças respiratórias de base, tais como: fibrose cística e sequelas pulmonares prévias. A identificação por métodos básicos e moleculares pode ser usada, porém necessita de uma identificação presuntiva primária para saber qual protocolo deverá ser seguido. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar diferentes metodologias com e sem coloração na detecção do Fator Corda para uma rápida identificação presuntiva do complexo mycobacterium tuberculosis. Esfregaços de escarro após processados e centrifugados foram corados pelo método de Ziehl-Neelsen e avaliados quanto à presença do Fator Corda. Dois esfregaços de colônias isoladas do meio de Lowenstein Jensen foram corados em lâminas pelo método de Ziehl-Neelsen e Auramina O e visualizadas em microscópio à luz branca e fluorescente, respectivamente, e um esfregaço foi visualizado diretamente em microscópio em luz invertida sem coloração para a detecção do Fator Corda. Para a identificação das espécies foi utilizada, como padrão ouro, os testes bioquímicos básicos. Dois observadores realizaram todas as metodologias de maneira cega. Em 10/21 esfregaços de escarro (47,6%) foram detectados o Fator Corda, o que correspondeu a 100% de sensibilidade e especificidade. Em 88/101 culturas de micobactérias coradas pela técnica de Zielh-Neelsen (87,1%) foram detectadas o Fator Corda, o que correspondeu a uma sensibilidade de 100%; especificidade 81,3%; valor preditivo positivo 96,6%; valor preditivo negativo 100%; acurácia de 97,0% e Kappa = 0,88 (muito boa concordância - IC95%). Pela coloração de Auramina 89/101 (88,1%) foi visualizado o Fator Corda o que correspondeu a uma sensibilidade de 100%; especificidade 75,0%; valor preditivo positivo 95,5%; valor preditivo negativo 100%; acurácia de 96,0% e Kappa = 0,83 (muito boa concordância - IC95%). Sem coloração e visualizaão direta e microscópio à luz invertida em 90/101 (89,1%) foi visualizado o Fator Corda o que correspondeu uma sensibilidade de 100%; especificidade 68,8%; valor preditivo positivo 95,5%; valor preditivo negativo 100%; acurácia de 95% e Kappa = 0,79 (boa concordância - IC95%) sem coloração com microscópio à luz invertida. A especificidade alcançou 100% quando associada à observação das características das colônias em meio de cultura. Houve alta concordância dos resultados entre os dois observadores. A detecção do Fator Corda para a identificação presuntiva do complexo mycobacterium tuberuclosis tem excelente acurácia tanto pela coloração direta do escarro, quanto em colônias positivas pelas metodologias de Ziehl-Neelsen, Auramina ou sem coloração, visualizada em microscópio à luz branca, fluorescente e de luz invertida, respectivamente, e pode ser utilizada para direcionar as metodologias de identificação definitiva em laboratórios de micobactérias. A metodologia sem coloração é mais rápida, mas depende de treinamento técnico efetivo. É importante ressaltar que não há trabalhos descritos na literatura que comparem metodologias de detecção do Fator Corda, porém é necessário que outros laboratórios desenvolvam suas próprias experiências, para que se possa realizar novas pesquisas e comparações.
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Drummond, Sandra Costa. "Schistosoma Mansoni: avaliar se a plaquetopenia pode ser marcadora de Esquistossomose Hepatoesplênica em área endêmica do nordeste de Minas Gerais, Brasil." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/BUBD-9MVKJ2.
Full textAbstract:
Estudos realizados em hospitais brasileiros mostraram que a trombocitopenia poderia ser usada como marcador da forma hepatoesplênica da esquistossomose. O objetivo do presente estudo é o de avaliar se a plaquetopenia poderia identificar os pacientes com a forma hepatoesplênica da esquistossomose em área endêmica do nordeste de Minas Gerais. A população do distrito de Topázio em Teófilo Otoni (MG), composta de 1.543 indivíduos, com prevalência da esquistossomose de 23% foi selecionada para o estudo. Todos tiveram um exame parasitológico de fezes examinado pelo método de Kato-Katz. Quatrocentos indivíduos foram admitidos ao estudo. Assim, 384 responderam o questionário padronizado. Na última semana de julho de 2012, 384 voluntários foram examinados; 13 (3,3%) não completaram os exames e foram excluídos do estudo. Eles responderam a questionário padronizado e submeteram-se a exame clínico e ultrassonográfico do abdômen (US). Coletou-se sangue para a contagem de plaquetas. Os dados foram analisados no pacote estatístico SPSS, 18.0. A esquistossomose hepatoesplênica foi classificada em quatro grupos: (Grupo 1) baço >13cm e fibrose periportal ao US; (Grupo 2) baço palpável e >13cm ao US; (Grupo 3) baço>13cm ao US; e (Grupo 4) baço palpável. Vinte um pacientes tinham a forma hepatoesplênica da esquistossomose por todas as definições (5,5%). Havia 8 pacientes no Grupo 1 (2,1%), 21 no Grupo 2 (5,5%), oito no Grupo 3 (2,1%) e 18 no Grupo 4 (4,7%). Houve diferença significativa entre a média do número de plaquetas entre os hepatoesplênicos e os controles (152.952/mm³ versus 237.275/mm³; p<0,01). Utilizando-se a curva ROC para plaquetas <143.000/mm³ a sensibilidade e a especificidade foram de 92,3% e 75,0% para o Grupo 1; 93,4% e 47,6% para o Grupo 2; 92,4% e 75,0% para o Grupo 3; 93,0% e 44,4% para o Grupo 4,respectivamente. Considerando os nossos achados, concluo que em área endêmica para esquistossomose com prevalência da doença de 23%, as plaquetas no sangue <143.000/mm³ identificam, com boa sensibilidade e especificidade regular, os pacientes com esquistossomose hepatoesplênica. Nos casos de triagem, naturalmente, a escolha deverá valorizar a sensibilidade.
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Ramos, Doalcey Antunes. "Simulation of sea-bed evolution at the intersection of a river and a coastline." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.369291.
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