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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Budget, signe

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Academic literature on the topic 'Budget, signe'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 9 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Budget, signe"

1

Macilwain, Colin. "Promising signs for NSF budget increase." Nature 388, no. 6637 (July 1997): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/40214.

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Davis, Shawn K., and Jessica L. Thompson. "Investigating the Impact of Interpretive Signs at Neighborhood Natural Areas." Journal of Interpretation Research 16, no. 2 (November 2011): 55–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/109258721101600205.

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Designing interpretive signs for community natural areas is often an expensive endeavor, sometimes requiring the largest portion of an already small budget, but what do we know about the impact of these signs? How do visitors to neighborhood natural areas interact with and use the signs? This multiple-method study investigated how visitors interacted with interpretive signs in two neighborhood natural areas in a mid-sized urban area. Results of this study indicate that a majority of natural area visitors were repeat visitors; however, when tested, first-time visitors scored higher on a knowledge assessment of information presented on the interpretive signs than repeat. Similarly, visitors’ appreciation for the signs varied whether they were running, biking, or walking. This insight may be helpful as natural areas invest in interpretive signage during a time of tight budgets.

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JOHNSON, JEFF. "DOE budget signed with science, security cuts." Chemical & Engineering News 77, no. 41 (October 11, 1999): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v077n041.p020.

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Rovner, Julie. "US budget deal shows signs of strain." Lancet 349, no. 9063 (May 1997): 1458. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(05)63745-2.

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Meganita, Linda, Halim Dedy Perdana, Santoso Tri Hananto, and Hanung Triatmoko. "FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PENGHENTIAN PREMATUR ATAS PROSEDUR AUDIT." EkBis: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis 1, no. 2 (November 7, 2018): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/ekbis.2017.1.2.1012.

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The purpose of this study is: 1) knowing the sequence of audit procedure which most often signed off by auditor 2) testing effect of external and internal factors on premature signed off of audit procedure. The sample of this study are auditors of the Audit Board of the Republic of Indonesia (BPK RI) in the head office and the representative office. Sampling technique used is convenience sampling. Survey method for this study by distributing questionare. Data analysis uses Friedman test and regression logistic analysis with significance level (α) 5%.Friedman test result indicates that there are sequence of priority of audit procedure tend to be signed off. The most audit procedure which often to be signed off is internal auditor judgment and audit procedure which seldom to be signed off is substantive test. Logistic regression test shows that audit risk, materiality, professional commitment, and locus of control affect premature sign off of audit procedure, meanwhile time budget pressure, time deadline pressure, and role overload do not affect premature sign off of audit procedure.

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Rotella, Elyce, and George Alter. "Working Class Debt in the Late Nineteenth Century United States." Journal of Family History 18, no. 2 (March 1993): 111–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/036319909301800204.

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Children's wages played a central role in family economic strategies in the late nineteenth century. The family budgets collected by the U.S. Commissioner of Labor in 1889-1890 show that life-cycle patterns of savings and debt varied by industry depending upon incomes from children. The consumption patterns of families whose expenditures exceeded their incomes do not show signs of economic distress, and most families whose annual budget was in deficit could expect larger contributions from children in the near future. These patterns suggest that families used borrowing and saving to smooth consumption over the life-cycle as the earning capacity of the family changed.

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GROPP, ROBERT E. "Are There Signs of Life in the Innovation Budget?" BioScience 56, no. 5 (2006): 382. http://dx.doi.org/10.1641/0006-3568(2006)056[0382:atsoli]2.0.co;2.

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Criado-Aldeanueva, Francisco, F. Javier Soto-Navarro, and Jesús García-Lafuente. "Large-Scale Atmospheric Forcing Influencing the Long-Term Variability of Mediterranean Heat and Freshwater Budgets: Climatic Indices." Journal of Hydrometeorology 15, no. 2 (April 1, 2014): 650–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-13-04.1.

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Abstract Interannual to interdecadal precipitation P, evaporation E, freshwater budget (E − P), and air–sea net heat flux Q have been correlated with the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), eastern Atlantic (EA), eastern Atlantic–western Russia (EA-WR), and Mediterranean Oscillation (MO) climatic indices to explore the influence of atmospheric forcing in the Mediterranean freshwater and heat budget variability. The effect of the MO pattern has similarities with that of the NAO, but MO influence is more intense. On an annual basis, the MO index gives the highest correlation with all the variables considered, and during its negative phase, it exerts a stronger influence than the NAO and is associated with higher P and, especially, enhanced evaporative losses in the Levantine subbasin. The EA pattern does not significantly affect P in the Mediterranean, but a high correlation is found for E and Q from 1979. The EA-WR mode plays a significant role in annual net heat flux since variations in its sign have the potential to induce seesaw variations in the heat budgets of the eastern and western subbasins, as previously found by Josey et al., for wintertime.

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Bosilovich, Michael G., Franklin R. Robertson, and Junye Chen. "Global Energy and Water Budgets in MERRA." Journal of Climate 24, no. 22 (November 15, 2011): 5721–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2011jcli4175.1.

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Abstract Reanalyses, retrospectively analyzing observations over climatological time scales, represent a merger between satellite observations and models to provide globally continuous data and have improved over several generations. Balancing the earth’s global water and energy budgets has been a focus of research for more than two decades. Models tend to their own climate while remotely sensed observations have had varying degrees of uncertainty. This study evaluates the latest NASA reanalysis, the Modern Era Retrospective-Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA), from a global water and energy cycles perspective, to place it in context of previous work and demonstrate the strengths and weaknesses. MERRA was configured to provide complete budgets in its output diagnostics, including the incremental analysis update (IAU), the term that represents the observations influence on the analyzed states, alongside the physical flux terms. Precipitation in reanalyses is typically sensitive to the observational analysis. For MERRA, the global mean precipitation bias and spatial variability are more comparable to merged satellite observations [the Global Precipitation and Climatology Project (GPCP) and Climate Prediction Center Merged Analysis of Precipitation (CMAP)] than previous generations of reanalyses. MERRA ocean evaporation also has a much lower value, which is comparable to independently derived estimate datasets. The global energy budget shows that MERRA cloud effects may be generally weak, leading to excess shortwave radiation reaching the ocean surface. Evaluating the MERRA time series of budget terms, a significant change occurs that does not appear to be represented in observations. In 1999, the global analysis increments of water vapor changes sign from negative to positive and primarily lead to more oceanic precipitation. This change is coincident with the beginning of Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU) radiance assimilation. Previous and current reanalyses all exhibit some sensitivity to perturbations in the observation record, and this remains a significant research topic for reanalysis development. The effect of the changing observing system is evaluated for MERRA water and energy budget terms.

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Annamalai, H. "ENSO Precipitation Anomalies along the Equatorial Pacific: Moist Static Energy Framework Diagnostics." Journal of Climate 33, no. 21 (November 1, 2020): 9103–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-19-0374.1.

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AbstractWith the recognition that equatorial Pacific precipitation anomalies are fundamental to global teleconnections during ENSO winters, the present research applies vertically integrated moist static energy (MSE) budget analysis to historical simulations of CMIP5 models. Process-based assessment is carried out to understand if the models capture the differing processes that account for regional precipitation anomalies along the equatorial Pacific and to isolate a few leading processes that account for the diversified precipitation response to similar SST forcing and vice versa. To assess SST biases in CMIP5, analysis is also carried out in AMIP5 solutions. Diagnostics reveal that models have limitations in representing the “sign” of MSE sources and sinks and, even if they do, compensating errors dominate the budget. The diverse response in precipitation depends on model parameterizations that determine anomalous net radiative flux divergence in the column, free troposphere moisture, and MSE export out of the column, although these processes are not independent. Diagnostics derived from AMIP5 solutions support the findings from CMIP5. The implication is that biases in representing any one of these processes are expected to imprint on others, acknowledging the tight connections among moisture, convection, and radiation. CMIP5 models have limitations in representing the basic states in SST and precipitation over the Niño-3.4 region, and the different convective regimes over the equatorial central and eastern Pacific regions with implications for ENSO. Study limitations are that MSE sources/sinks depend on parameterizations and their interactions, making it difficult to isolate one particular process for attribution. Budgets estimated from monthly anomalies do not capture contributions from high-frequency variability that are vital in closing the budgets.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Budget, signe"

1

Labouret, Victor. "Du rôle de la signification du contrôle de gestion dans la performance de l'entreprise : le cas de la signification du budget, trois hypothèses : le budget rationnel, le budget processus, le budget politique." Jouy-en Josas, HEC, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002EHEC0085.

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Schiz, Frank Jochen Wilhelm. "The effect of fluorine in low thermal budget polysilicon emitters for SiGe heterojunction bipolar transistors." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.287345.

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Vu, Van Tuan. "Recherche et évaluation d'une nouvelle architecture de transistor bipolaire à hétérojonction Si/SiGe pour la prochaine génération de technologie BiCMOS." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0304/document.

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L'objectif principal de cette thèse est de proposer et d'évaluer une nouvelle architecture de Transistor Bipolaire à Héterojonction (TBH) Si/SiGe s’affranchissant des limitations de l'architecture conventionnelle DPSA-SEG (Double-Polysilicium Self-Aligned, Selective Epitaxial Growth) utilisée dans la technologie 55 nm Si/SiGe BiCMOS (BiCMOS055) de STMicroelectronics. Cette nouvelle architecture est conçue pour être compatible avec la technologie 28-nm FD-SOI (Fully Depleted Si-licon On Insulator), avec pour objectif d'atteindre la performance de 400 GHz de fT et 600 GHz de fMAX dans ce noeud. Pour atteindre cet objectif ambitieux, plusieurs études complémentaires ont été menées: 1/ l'exploration et la comparaison de différentes architectures de TBH SiGe, 2/ l'étalonnage TCAD en BiCMOS055, 3/ l'étude du budget thermique induit par la fabrication des technologies BiCMOS, et finalement 4/ l'étude d'une architecture innovante et son optimisation. Les procédés de fabrication ainsi que les modèles physiques (comprenant le rétrécissement de la bande interdite, la vitesse de saturation, la mobilité à fort champ, la recombinaison SRH, l'ionisation par impact, la résistance distribuée de l'émetteur, l'auto-échauffement ainsi que l’effet tunnel induit par piégeage des électrons), ont été étalonnés dans la technologie BiCMOS055. L'étude de l’impact du budget thermique sur les performances des TBH SiGe dans des noeuds CMOS avancés (jusqu’au 14 nm) montre que le fT maximum peut atteindre 370 GHz dans une prochaine génération où les profils verticaux du BiCMOS055 seraient ‘simplement’ adaptés à l’optimisation du budget thermique total. Enfin, l'architecture TBH SiGe EXBIC, prenant son nom d’une base extrinsèque épitaxiale isolée du collecteur, est choisie comme la candidate la plus prometteuse pour la prochaine génération de TBH dans une technologie BiCMOS FD-SOI dans un noeud 28 nm. L'optimisation en TCAD de cette architecture résulte en des performances électriques remarquables telles que 470 GHz fT et 870 GHz fMAX dans ce noeud technologique
The ultimate objective of this thesis is to propose and evaluate a novel SiGe HBT architec-ture overcoming the limitation of the conventional Double-Polysilicon Self-Aligned (DPSA) archi-tecture using Selective Epitaxial Growth (SEG). This architecture is designed to be compatible with the 28-nm Fully Depleted (FD) Silicon On Insulator (SOI) CMOS with a purpose to reach the objec-tive of 400 GHz fT and 600 GHz fMAX performance in this node. In order to achieve this ambitious objective, several studies, including the exploration and comparison of different SiGe HBT architec-tures, 55-nm Si/SiGe BiCMOS TCAD calibration, Si/SiGe BiCMOS thermal budget study, investi-gating a novel architecture and its optimization, have been carried out. Both, the fabrication process and physical device models (incl. band gap narrowing, saturation velocity, high-field mobility, SRH recombination, impact ionization, distributed emitter resistance, self-heating and trap-assisted tunnel-ing, as well as band-to-band tunneling), have been calibrated in the 55-nm Si/SiGe BiCMOS tech-nology. Furthermore, investigations done on process thermal budget reduction show that a 370 GHz fT SiGe HBT can be achieved in 55nm assuming the modification of few process steps and the tuning of the bipolar vertical profile. Finally, the Fully Self-Aligned (FSA) SiGe HBT architecture using Selective Epitaxial Growth (SEG) and featuring an Epitaxial eXtrinsic Base Isolated from the Collector (EXBIC) is chosen as the most promising candidate for the 28-nm FD-SOI BiCMOS genera-tion. The optimization of this architecture results in interesting electrical performances such as 470 GHz fT and 870 GHz fMAX in this technology node

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4

Gauthier, Alexis. "Etude et développement d’une nouvelle architecture de transistor bipolaire à hétérojonction Si / SiGe compatible avec la technologie CMOS FD-SOI." Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1I081.

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Les travaux présentés dans cette thèse portent sur le développement et l’optimisation de transistors bipolaires pour les futures générations de technologies BiCMOS. La technologie de référence est le BiCMOS055 présentant des fT et fMAX de respectivement 320 et 370 GHz. Dans un premier temps, il est montré que l’optimisation du profil vertical comprenant le budget thermique, le profil de la base et du collecteur notamment permet d’atteindre une fT de 400 GHz tout en restant compatible avec les transistors CMOS. Dans un second temps, le développement d’un collecteur implanté est présenté. La co-implantation du carbone avec le phosphore permet d’obtenir des substrats sans défaut, un contrôle de la diffusion précis ainsi que des performances électriques prometteuses. Une fréquence de transition fT record de 450 GHz est notamment atteinte grâce à des règles de dessins optimisées. Un module STI peu profond (SSTI) est développé afin de compenser l’augmentation de la capacité base / collecteur liée à ce type de technologie. Dans un troisième temps, l’intégration sur silicium d’une nouvelle architecture de transistor bipolaire ayant pour but de surmonter les limitations de la DPSA-SEG utilisée en BiCMOS055 est détaillée et les premiers résultats sont discutés. Cette partie démontre toutes les difficultés d’une intégration d’un transistor bipolaire de nouvelle génération dans une plateforme CMOS. La fonctionnalité de l’architecture émetteur / base est démontrée à travers des mesures dc. Pour terminer, la possibilité d’une intégration en 28 nm est évaluée à travers des travaux spécifiques, notamment au niveau des implantations à travers le SOI, et une ouverture sur les éventuelles intégrations 3D est réalisée
The studies presented in this thesis deal with the development and the optimization of bipolar transistors for next BiCMOS technologies generations. The BiCMOS055 technology is used as the reference with 320 GHz fT and 370 GHz fMAX performances. Firstly, it is showed that the vertical profile optimization, including thermal budget, base and collector profiles allows to reach 400 GHz fT HBT while keeping CMOS compatibility. In a second time, a fully implanted collector is presented. Phosphorous-carbon co-implantation leads to defect-free substrate, precise dopants profile control and promising electrical performances. A new 450 GHz fT record is set thanks to optimized design rules. A low-depth STI module (SSTI) is developed to limit the base / collector capacitance increase linked to this type of technology. In a third time, the silicon integration of a new bipolar transistor architecture is detailed with the aim of overcoming DPSA-SEG architecture limitations used in BiCMOS055 and first electrical results are discussed. This part shows the challenges of the integration of new-generation bipolar transistors in a CMOS platform. The functionality of the emitter / base architecture is demonstrated through dc measurements. Eventually, the feasibility of 28-nm integration is evaluated with specific experiments, especially about implantations through the SOI, and an overview of potential 3D-integrations is presented

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Huang, Yu-Shu, and 黃郁書. "Visible and Far Infrared Laser Annealing-enabled Low Thermal Budget SiGe Nano-scaled Transistor." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/67006893370454453698.

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碩士
國立交通大學
光電工程研究所
103
In this thesis, the amorphous SiGe thin film is deposited by ICPCVD at low temperature of 450oC, the SiGe thin film is then crystallized by visible laser crystallization (λ=532 nm). The grain size of as-crystallized poly-SiGe thin films range from 500 nm to 600 nm. It is found that germanium segregation is observed after laser crystallization. It causes germanium-rich region on surface of the thin film. Thus, Chemical Mechanical Polishing (CMP) is used to polish high germanium concentration region and smoothen the surface to obtain thin and flat ploy SiGe film with uniform germanium concentration distribution. Moreover, far infrared ray laser annealing (FIR-LA) can decrease sheet resistance. Laser energy is absorbed in implantation induced defect region and transfer to phonon vibration, which is equal to thermal activation effectively. . In this study, the sheet resistance of polycrystalline SiGe film can be decreased to 290 Ohm/sq. (P-type) and 350 Ohm/sq. (N-type) by far infrared ray laser annealing with less dopants diffusion due to the short time dwell time. Therefore, FIR-LA is also suitable for realizing nano-scaled devices. The combination of visible laser crystallized SiGe film and far-infrared ray laser activation demonstrated the high performance of poly SiGe metal-oxide-silicon field effect transistor (MOSFET), which exhibited high on current of 51.3 uA/um, low subthreshold swing (S.S.) of 181 mV/dec. and threshold voltage (Vth) of -1.05 V in P-type FET. The N-type device exhibited Ion of 20.1 uA/um, S.S. of 240 mV/dec, and Vth of 0.95 V. The process and related performance is of great potential for nano-scaled TFTs and monolithic 3DICs applications.

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Books on the topic "Budget, signe"

1

United States. Congress. House. Committee on Commerce. Traffic signal synchronization projects: Report (to accompany H.R. 2988) (including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office). [Washington, D.C.?: U.S. G.P.O., 1996.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Commerce. Traffic signal synchronization projects: Report (to accompany H.R. 2988) (including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office). [Washington, D.C.?: U.S. G.P.O., 1996.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Commerce. Traffic signal synchronization projects: Report (to accompany H.R. 2988) (including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office). [Washington, D.C.?: U.S. G.P.O., 1996.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Commerce. Traffic signal synchronization projects: Report (to accompany H.R. 2988) (including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office). [Washington, D.C.?: U.S. G.P.O., 1996.

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Sob o signo da vontade popular: O orçamento participativo e o dilema da Câmara Municipal de Porto Alegre. Belo Horizonte: Editora UFMG, 2002.

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Requesting the president to transmit to the House of Representatives not later than 14 days after the date of adoption of this resolution documents in the possession of the president relating to the receipt and consideration by the Executive Office of the President of any information concerning the variation between the version of S. 1932, the Deficit Reduction Act of 2005, that the House of Representatives passed on February 1, 2006, and the version of the bill that the president signed on February 8, 2006: Adverse report together with additional views (to accompany H. Res. 752). [Washington, D.C: U.S. G.P.O., 2006.

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House, Commerce Clearing, ed. Explanation of the Revenue Reconciliation Act of 1989: P.L. 101-239, as signed by the President on December 19, 1989. Chicago, Ill. (4025 W. Peterson Ave., Chicago 60646): Commerce Clearing House, 1989.

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House, Commerce Clearing, ed. Revenue Reconciliation Act of 1990: Law and explanation : P.L. 101-508, as signed by the President on November 5, 1990. Chicago, Ill. (4025 W. Peterson Ave., Chicago 60646): Commerce Clearing House, 1990.

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House, Commerce Clearing, ed. Explanation of the Revenue Reconciliation Act of 1990: P.L. 101-508, as signed by the President on November 5, 1990. Chicago, Ill. (4025 W. Peterson Ave., Chicago 60646): Comerce Clearing House, 1990.

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Drelichman, Mauricio, and Hans-Joachim Voth. Tax, Empire, and the Logic of Spanish Decline. Princeton University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691151496.003.0009.

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This chapter examines the impact of debt leveraging on the long-run development of Castile. Compared to the other great European powers after 1500, Spain's fiscal policy showed no signs of imperial overstretch. Its finances were no worse—and better in a variety of ways—than those of other countries at the height of their power. According to several criteria, Castilian finances were managed with greater probity than even those of Britain, with primary surpluses being maintained during wartime and rapid improvements in the budget position when debts accumulated. There is also no evidence of the supposedly deleterious effects of serial default; after each payment stop, the Crown's revenues increased, suggesting no decline in fiscal capacity.

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Book chapters on the topic "Budget, signe"

1

Kerrigan, Heather. "Treasury Secretary Addresses Budget Deficit; President Signs FY 2020 Spending Bills : October 25 and December 20, 2019." In Historic Documents of 2019, 597–607. 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks California 91320: CQ Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781544384641.n49.

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Islam, Muhammad Nazrul, and Franck Tétard. "Integrating Semiotics Perception in Usability Testing to Improve Usability Evaluation." In Cases on Usability Engineering, 145–69. IGI Global, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-4046-7.ch007.

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User interfaces of computer applications encompass a number of objects such as navigation links, buttons, icons, and thumbnails. In this chapter, these are called interface signs. The content and functions of a computer application are generally directed by interface signs to provide the system’s logic to the end users. The interface signs of a usable application need to be intuitive to end users and therefore a necessary part of usability evaluation. Assessing sign intuitiveness can be achieved through a semiotic analysis. This study demonstrates how a semiotic assessment of interface signs’ intuitiveness yielded a number of benefits. For instance, (i) it provides an overall idea of interface signs’ intuitiveness to the end users to interpret the meaning of interface signs, (ii) it assists in finding usability problems and also in (iii) recommending possible solutions, (iv) provides background for introducing guidelines to design user-intuitive interface signs, (v) helps in constructing heuristic checklist from semiotics perspective to evaluate an application, (vi) no additional resource and extra budget are needed. This study also presents a list of methodological guidelines to obtain the perceived benefits of integrating semiotic perception in usability testing for practitioners.

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Green-Simms, Lindsey B. "The Return of the Mercedes: Upward Mobility, the Good Life, and Nigerian Video Film." In Postcolonial Automobility. University of Minnesota Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5749/minnesota/9781517901141.003.0005.

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Chapter 4 examines the popular and low-budget Nollywood video films where the private luxury car is both a highly coveted object, typically seen driving down paved roads in posh neighborhoods, and a sign of wealth that is often acquired through criminality, witchcraft, magic, or fraud.

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Caymax, Matty R., and W. Y. Leong. "Low Thermal Budget Chemical Vapour Deposition Techniques for Si and SiGe." In Advanced Silicon and Semiconducting Silicon-Alloy Based Materials and Devices, 141–83. CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003208860-5.

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Gustafsson, Tommy. "Slasher in the Snow: The Rise of the Low-Budget Nordic Horror Film." In Nordic Genre Film, 189–202. Edinburgh University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9780748693184.003.0014.

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Arguably, the horror film is the most frowned upon film genre, perhaps only surpassed by the porn film. Historically, the horror film has often been seen by Nordic film critics and film censors since the 1930s as something foreign or as yet another sign of unlawful Americanisation. Although the production of genre films has been prominent among all Nordic film industries ever since the silent film period, these genre films have mostly consisted of comedies and, especially in recent years, crime and detective films. The Nordic horror film in all its shapes and forms has been an anomaly in the Nordic countries, and this argument does not include the somewhat anachronistic genre labelling of films such as The Phantom Chariot (Körkarlen, Victor Sjostrom, 1921) and The Vampire (Vampyr, Carl Theodore Dreyer, 1932).

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Fletcher, Patricia Diamond. "The Realities of the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995." In Public Information Technology, 74–93. IGI Global, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59140-060-8.ch004.

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The strategic management practices required for the use of information and information technologies under the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 (P.L. 104-13, 44 U.S.C. § 3501) comprise an important toolkit for federal agencies. There is a special need for strategic planning and management of information in an era of electronic government initiatives, homeland security, federal workforce retention problems, and inter/intra-governmental agency data sharing programs and systems. The PRA sets the policy agenda for information resources management in the US federal government and places the guidance and oversight for enacting the PRA in the Executive Office of Management and Budget (OMB). At both the level of guidance and practice, the PRA has had mixed success since it was initially signed into law in 1980. OMB has not met its statutory responsibilities under the PRA, and the federal government is left without a cohesive direction and agenda for information resources management.

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Grygiel, Jakub J., and A. Wess Mitchell. "Introduction: American Power at the Global Frontier." In The Unquiet Frontier. Princeton University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691178264.003.0001.

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This introductory chapter provides an overview of American power at the global frontier. There are signs that America may be beginning to rethink its approach to alliances. In recent years U.S. policy makers' view of the relative costs and benefits of maintaining far-flung, small-ally networks has begun to shift. The change is partly fueled by adjustments in global geopolitics and the “rise” or resurgence of revisionist states, many of which claim to have historic spheres of influence that overlap with the regions where America's alliance obligations are highest and its strategic reach most constrained. Another driver has been the changing U.S. economic landscape and constraints on the U.S. defense budget. The net effect of these changes in the geopolitical, economic, and political realms has been to challenge the central paradigm on which the United States has based its strategy for managing global alliances since the Second World War.

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Kirshner, Jonathan. "“Jason’s no Businessman … I Think He’s an Artist”." In When the Movies Mattered, 51–68. Cornell University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501736094.003.0004.

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In 1969 a struggling Columbia Pictures, seeking to connect with a generation that the old studio hands little understood and seemed unable to reach, signed a contract with producers Bob Rafelson, Bert Schneider, and Steve Blauner. The six-picture deal with their newly-formed production company, BBS, which traded low budgets in exchange for no studio interference over content, represented the New Hollywood dream: the opportunity to make movies that aspired to be both commercially viable and serious expressions of a more personal cinema. The BBS deal yielded some of the landmarks of the New Hollywood—films that likely would not otherwise have been possible to produce. This chapter considers the BBS phenomenon through a close reading of its films and their contribution to the New Hollywood.

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Vieira de Andrade, José Carlos, João Carlos Loureiro, and Suzana Tavares da Silva. "Legal Changes and Constitutional Adjudication in Portuguese Social Law in Consequence of the European Financial Crisis." In European Welfare State Constitutions after the Financial Crisis, 208–39. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198851776.003.0008.

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Portugal was affected simultaneously by an economic, financial, and budgetary crisis. It is in this context that in 2011 the country signed an MoU on Specific Economic Policy Conditionality with the EU, the ECB, and the IMF, which prescribed cuts on social expenses in wages, pensions, and other benefits of an ‘assistentialist’ nature. The legal measures adopted in this respect focused mostly on the social security scheme and introduced changes in the legal framework for future pensions and unemployment benefits, new contributions for pensions in payment, and former non-contributory benefits, as well as cuts in pensions and benefits. Throughout the years, the President of the Republic, members of the parliament, and the Ombudsman have asked the Constitutional Court to assess many of the rules included in the State Budget Laws, arguing a violation of fundamental social rights and basic principles such as human dignity, equality, and the protection of legitimate expectations. This led to the issuance of new and important constitutional case law in Portugal, concerning mainly the assessment of legislative measures under the fundamental principles of legitimate expectations, proportionality, and ‘equal proportionality’.

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Das, Ramesh Chandra, and Sovik Mukherjee. "Determinants of Terrorism in South Asia." In Cyber Warfare and Terrorism, 1598–617. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-2466-4.ch094.

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Terrorist activities in the post-Paris Peace Treaties have emerged as one of the most perilous agendas that are troubling the world economies and political figures in securing their nations and regions. Several socio-economic factors were evidenced to be the crucial factors in determining terrorist activities all around the world. The present article strives to identify the significance of several socio economic factors, namely, refugee population, access to good sanitation facilities, youth unemployment rate, percentage of education expenditure to GDP, percentage of military expenditure to GDP, per capita GDP and political stability in the panel of seven South Asian countries and China for the period 2002-2016. By applying both static and dynamic panel models, the article observes that all of the selected variables explain the terrorism index with expected signs. The article thus prescribes that the governments of the selected countries should concentrate on allocating their budgets on the improvements of sectors underlying the associated indicators.

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Conference papers on the topic "Budget, signe"

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Burghartz, Grutzmacher, Sedgwick, Jenkins, Megdanis, Cotte, Nguyen-Ngoc, and Iyer. "An Ultra-low Thermal-budget SiGe-base Bipolar Technology." In Symposium on VLSI Technology. IEEE, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/vlsit.1993.760244.

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Gauthier, A., P. Chevalier, G. Avenier, G. Ribes, M. L. Rellier, Y. Campidelli, R. Beneyton, D. Celi, G. Haury, and C. Gaquiere. "SiGe HBT / CMOS process thermal budget co-optimization in a 55-nm CMOS node." In 2017 IEEE Bipolar/BiCMOS Circuits and Technology Meeting (BCTM). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bctm.2017.8112911.

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Vu, V. T., T. Rosenbaum, O. Saxod, D. Celi, T. Zimmer, S. Fregonese, and P. Chevalier. "Impact study of the process thermal budget of advanced CMOS nodes on SiGe HBT performance." In 2015 IEEE Bipolar/BiCMOS Circuits and Technology Meeting - BCTM. IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bctm.2015.7340558.

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Rosseel, Erik, Andriy Hikavyy, Jean-Luc Everaert, Liesbeth Witters, Jerome Mitard, Thomas Hoffmann, Wilfried Vandervorst, A. Pap, and T. Pavelka. "Impact of laser anneal thermal budget on the quality of thin SiGe channels with a high Ge content." In 2010 18th International Conference on Advanced Thermal Processing of Semiconductors (RTP). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/rtp.2010.5623604.

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Hellings, Geert, Liesbeth Witters, Raymond Krom, Jerome Mitard, Andriy Hikavyy, Roger Loo, Andreas Schulze, et al. "Implant-Free SiGe Quantum Well pFET: A novel, highly scalable and low thermal budget device, featuring raised source/drain and high-mobility channel." In 2010 IEEE International Electron Devices Meeting (IEDM). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iedm.2010.5703335.

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