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Oliveira, Renata Carvalho de. "DIAN - BUFÊ." Florianópolis, SC, 2008. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/91724.
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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências da Saúde. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição.Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-24T01:52:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Poucos são os estudos que discutem a necessidade de aplicação da rotulagem nutricional em restaurantes, bem como a forma para oferecer essas informações aos consumidores. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver um método para disponibilizar informações alimentares e nutricionais de preparações oferecidas em restaurantes do tipo bufê. A escolha por este tipo de distribuição deveu-se à sua ampla utilização no mercado de alimentação fora de casa. O estudo foi dividido nas etapas: caracterização teórica dos pontos relevantes sobre informações alimentares e nutricionais; concepção do modelo de método para disponibilizar as informações em preparações de bufês; seleção do local para a realização do estudo de caso; teste de aplicação do método proposto por meio de estudo de caso; elaboração do modelo de etiqueta de informações alimentares e nutricionais; revisão e estruturação do método de Disponibilização de Informações Alimentares e Nutricionais em Bufês (DIAN-bufê). O método estruturado foi organizado em etapas, formulários e recomendações de aplicação. Concluiu-se que as informações alimentares e nutricionais devem ter linguagem simples e de fácil entendimento, sendo apresentadas como etiquetas no balcão do bufê. Quando for utilizado nome fantasia para a preparação, sugere-se uma nomenclatura auto-explicativa, contendo os alimentos da receita em ordem decrescente de quantidade. Optou-se por indicar também informações sobre nutrientes e/ou substâncias relevantes para a saúde dos consumidores, por meio de destaques de alertas (presença de glúten, gordura trans, lactose e/ou açúcar) e destaques de alimentação saudável (presença de cereais integrais, leguminosas, frutas, legumes e/ou verduras), apresentados em forma de ícones nas etiquetas. A principal dificuldade para a aplicação do método DIAN-bufê relaciona-se à pouca existência e à utilização das fichas técnicas de preparação no processo produtivo. Assim, destaca-se necessidade de controle nas modificações de ingredientes e preparações durante o fluxo produtivo, além da conscientização dos operadores quanto à importância da padronização das receitas e das informações alimentares e nutricionais para os consumidores. Considera-se que o DIAN-bufê pode auxiliar na garantia do direito à informação e colaborar para escolhas alimentares mais seguras e saudáveis, constituindo um instrumento de educação nutricional e alimentar, tanto no plano de políticas de saúde quanto no plano individual.
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Rodrigues, Alline Gouvea Martins. "Estado nutricional, indicadores sociodemográficos, comportamentais e de escolha alimentar de comensais em restaurante de bufê por peso." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2012. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/95839.
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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição, Florianópolis, 2011Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-26T06:24:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 288200.pdf: 2047035 bytes, checksum: bf76530b9a0880575bf47d8fe0280ca2 (MD5)
Objetivo: Identificar a prevalência de sobrepeso/obesidade e sua relação com variáveis comportamentais e de escolha alimentar entre comensais realizando a refeição do almoço em um restaurante de bufê por peso, controladas as variáveis sociodemográficas. Delineamento: Estudo transversal descritivo e analítico. Local: Restaurante de bufê por peso em Florianópolis - SC, selecionado intencionalmente considerando-se localização, modalidade de serviço, preço praticado, número de preparações que compõem o bufê e diversidade da clientela atendida. População: Amostra representativa dos comensais que almoçam no restaurante por peso selecionado para o período de um mês, composta por 315 homens e 360 mulheres, com idades entre 16-81 anos. Método: Foram coletados dados sobre características antropométricas, sociodemográficas e comportamentais, bem como sobre peso do prato; sendo feito registro fotográfico do prato de almoço escolhido pelo comensal e das preparações disponíveis no bufê. As variáveis independentes incluíram frequência de almoço e realização de refeição semelhante à habitual em restaurante de bufê por peso, prato com arroz e feijão, prato com pastelaria (acompanhamentos quentes fritos ou com grande quantidade de gordura adicionada à preparação), cor das preparações de salada, modo de preparo da carne e peso do prato. As variáveis sociodemográficas (sexo, faixa etária, estado civil e escolaridade) foram consideradas variáveis de confusão. As análises foram constatadas por intermédio do teste do qui-quadrado de Pearson e da regressão de Poisson, com variação robusta. Realizou-se o teste Wald visando identificar variações estatisticamente significantes entre as variáveis mediante estratificação por sexo. Resultados: A prevalência de sobrepeso/obesidade na amostra foi de 33,8%. Nas análises ajustadas, o sobrepeso/obesidade esteve estatisticamente associado a não escolha de arroz e feijão (RP = 1,11; IC 95% 1,04-1,19); e ao tamanho de porção entre 347g e 462g (RP = 1,08; IC 95% 1,01-1,15) ou 463g ou mais (RP = 1,16; IC 95% 1,09-1,24). Essas porções correspondem a um aumento médio respectivo de 46% e 200% no tamanho da porção em relação ao primeiro tercil (346g ou menos). Em relação às cores das saladas, o risco de sobrepeso/obesidade para quem escolheu até duas cores de saladas foi 6% maior do que aquele para quem escolheu três ou mais cores de salada. Conclusão: O sobrepeso/obesidade esteve associado à escolha de uma menor variedade de cores de saladas, a não escolha de arroz e feijão e à escolha de tamanhos de porção maiores. Tais fatores podem estar relacionados com o estado nutricional por indicarem monotonia das escolhas alimentares e alteração na escolha de alimentos brasileiros tradicionais, como o arroz e o feijão, assim como um consumo alimentar aumentado em relação às necessidades nutricionais. Os resultados encontrados convergem para a percepção de que o restaurante de bufê por peso parece ser capaz de unir a comodidade de comer fora com a promoção da saúde em um mesmo ambiente. Destaca-se, no entanto, que essa relação dependerá das escolhas alimentares individuais. Tais resultados podem encaminhar pela necessidade de iniciativas para educar as pessoas à promoção de uma melhoria das escolhas alimentares e à busca de locais para alimentação fora de casa com disponibilidade de alimentos mais saudáveis.
Objective: To identify the prevalence of overweight/obesity and its relationship with behavioral and food choice variables among diners at a restaurant serving buffet-by-weight style, during lunch time, controlled for socio-demographic variables. Design: A descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study. Setting: Restaurant serving buffet-by-weight style in Florianopolis - SC, selected intentionally, considering location, type of service, price charged, number of dishes that compose the buffet and diversity of clientele served. Subjects: A representative sample of diners from the restaurant serving buffet-by-weight style selected during a one month period, consisted of 315 men and 360 women, aged 16-81 years. Analysis: Data were collected on anthropometric, socio-demographic and behavioral characteristics, as well as weight of the plate. Photographic records of the chosen dishes at lunch and of the preparations available in buffet were made. The independent variables included frequency of lunch and lunch meal similar to usual in restaurant serving buffet-by-weight style, presence on the plate of rice and beans, of pastry (with large amounts of fat addition or immersion frying), color of salad preparations, cooking method of the meat and weight of the dish. The socio-demographic variables (sex, age, marital status and schooling) were considered adjustment variables. The analyses were performed through chi-square test and backward stepwise Poisson regression with robust variance. The Wald test verified statistically significant variations between variables by sex stratification. Results: The prevalence of overweight/obesity in the sample was 33.8%. After adjustment. overweight/obesity was statistically associated with no choice of rice and beans (PR = 1.11; 95% CI 1.04, 1.19), and with portion size between 347g and 462g (PR = 1.08; CI 95% 1.01, 1.15) or 463g or more (PR = 1.16; 95% CI 1.09, 1.24). These portion sizes corresponded to an average increase of 46% and 200% in the portion size for the first tertile (346 g or less). In relation to the variable colors of salads the risk of being overweight/obese for those who chose up to two colors of salads was 6% higher than for those who chose three or more colors of salads. Conclusion: Overweight/obesity was associated with the choice of a smaller variety of colors of salads, no choice of rice and beans and choice of larger portion sizes. Such factors may be related to nutritional status because they indicate monotony of food choices and changes in food choices of staple Brazilian foods, such as rice and beans, as well as increased food consumption in relation to nutritional needs. The results converge to the perception that the Restaurant serving buffet-by-weight style seems to be capable of uniting the convenience of eating out and health promotion in the same place. It is noteworthy, however, that this relationship will depend on individual food choices. Such results can highlight the need for initiatives to educate people to promote improves in food choices and to search locals for eating away from home with the availability of healthier foods.
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Grava, Cássia Aparecida Guerreiro. "Hospitalidade e festa de aniversário infantil : do espaço doméstico para o comercial." Universidade Anhembi Morumbi, 2005. http://sitios.anhembi.br/tedesimplificado/handle/TEDE/1474.
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Previous issue date: 2005-02-16Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Historicamente as festas sempre estiveram presentes na vida do ser humano, enquanto prática social, que se revelam por vários modos particulares de celebração, perdurando até a atualidade, demonstrada particularmente na importância que se dá ao aniversário na infância, inserido no contexto familiar e sua hospitalidade. Assim, esta pesquisa teve por objetivo relatar o porquê das pessoas estarem optando pelo espaço comercial (buffet), nas comemorações de aniversário infantil, deixando de lado aquelas até então realizadas em domicílio (no lar). Como metodologia, empregou-se o tipo exploratório descritivo, sendo a amostra constituída de 70 mães, com idade entre 21 a 54 anos, possuindo de um a quatro filhos e que houvessem comemorado aniversário das crianças em buffet infantil, nos últimos cinco anos. Como instrumento, elaborou-se um questionário com dez perguntas, sendo três de identificação das entrevistadas, e as restantes, de caráter qualitativo. Maringá, Paraná, foi a cidade escolhida para a aplicação do questionário, tendo em vista o fato de se ter maior acessibilidade e facilidade de deslocamento, além de tratar-se de campo de vivência e de atuação profissional, da autora. A análise dos dados revelou que estas senhoras pertencem às classes sociais média e alta (90%), possuem em média dois filhos, em sua maioria (80%) são jovens (com a idade variando em torno de 30 anos). O valor da festa não é fator inibidor para a realização em buffet infantil, pois o retorno dos serviços oferecidos é compensatório. A escolha recai, quando possível, por ambiente de qualidade quanto ao espaço e ao atendimento, influindo a melhor oferta de alimentos e bebidas, visando aproveitar o espaço de tempo de comemoração para oferecer o melhor ao filho aniversariante e aos convidados, desejando que os momentos possam ser preservados com boas recordações, registrados até em fotos e filmagens. Conclui-se, portanto, que a passagem da comemoração das festas infantis do ambiente doméstico para o comercial é algo que melhora a hospitalidade, trazendo comodidade aos anfitriões e tende a perpetuar-se.
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Nicolle, Philip David. "The environmental physiology of Bufo bufo L. and Bufo calamita Laur. tadpoles." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 1989. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/4987/.
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Using spawn collected from the north Merseyside sand dune system, the effects of temperature on growth, development, metabolism and metamorphosis in B. bufo and B. calamita tadpoles were investigated, together with a limited study on the effects of L-thyroxine. The effects of density on growth, developteI1t and metamorphosis were examined. Physiological and behavioural effects of B. bufo tadpoles on B. calamita tadpoles were also studied. B. calamita spawn and tadpoles survive at higher temperatures than B. bufo. Below20°CB. bufo spawn, and below 15°Ctheir t.adpcl.es, develop at a greater rate than B. calamita. B. calamita spawn and tadpoles' growth and development is faster at higher temperatures. B. calamita tadpoles have higher metabolic rates than B. bufo across the temperature range 15-30°C. Faster rates of metabolism and development in B. calamita result in smaller tadpoles and toadlets than B. bufo. B. calamita may compensate for this with increased metamorphic efficiency in terms of energy. It is speculated that differences in tadpole thyroid physiology could account for observed differences. metamorphic efficiency was greatest, and rates of development and growth maximised/at the tadpoles' preferred body temperature. Increased density reduced growth-and developteI1t of tadpoles, but influenced different stages in the two species. metamorphosis in all B. bufo tadpoles was delayed, whereas in B. calamita a proportion of the population metamorphosed apparently unaffected by increased density. The responses of tadpoles to temperature and density were related to the species' preferred spawning environments. In the presence of B. bufo tadpoles, B. calamita growth, development and metabolism was suppressed. The pattern of development and timing of metamorphosis in B. calamita became similar to that of B. bufo. Inhibition was not relieved by L-thyroxine, and did not effect tadpole behaviour. Mass specific food consumption was increased. It is speculated that the inhibitor is a parasite or a substance which affects assimilation.
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Narvaes, Patrícia. "Revisão taxonômica das espécies de Bufo do complexo granulosus (Amphibia, Anura, Bufonidae)." Connect to this title online, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41133/tde-07012005-190107/.
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Denton, Jonathan Simon. "The terrestrial ecology of the natterjack, Bufo calamita(Laurenti), and the common toad, Bufo bufo (Linnaeus)." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.334029.
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Cherry, Michael Ian. "Sexual selection and mating systems in Bufo rangeri and Bufo pardalis." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.253006.
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Brede, Edward G. "Genetic diversity in the widespread anurans, Bufo bufo and Rana temporaria." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.289235.
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Swan, M. J. S. "The conservation ecology of Rana temporaria and Bufo bufo in Leicestershire." Thesis, De Montfort University, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.373434.
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Phillips, Ben L. "Evolution and impact of invasive species cane toads and snakes in Australia /." Connect to full text, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/611.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Sydney, 2005.Title from title screen (viewed 20 May 2008). Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science. Degree awarded 2005; thesis submitted 2004. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print form.
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Rooney, Donal James. "Telencephalic modulation of arousal in the goldfish (Carassius auratus) and common toad (Bufo bufo)." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.329405.
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Quick, Ilona A. "Brain mechanisms of arousal in the goldfish (Carassius auratus) and common toad (Bufo bufo)." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.336003.
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Deng, Wenhan. "Proteomic studies on the paratoid gland secretions of the Chinese toad Bufo bufo gargarizans." Thesis, University of Ulster, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.422888.
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Smith, M. Alexander. "Spatial ecology of Bufo fowleri." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=84844.
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The geographic isolation of populations can result in a metapopulation effect where regional dynamics of extinction and colonization are more important to population viability than local dynamics of individuals' birth or death. When this partial isolation is maintained for many generations genetic variability can be geographically structured. Populations of temperate-zone anuran amphibians are often considered to be geographically isolated on relatively small spatial scales due to the animals presumed high site fidelity and strict dependence on moisture for respiration and breeding. As a result, temperate, pond-breeding anuran amphibian populations are considered likely candidates to test hypotheses of metapopulation theory, movement and phylogeography. Using data from the Fowler's toad, (Bufo fowleri) I test the applicability of metapopulation theory, the likelihood of limited movement and the strength of phylogeographic structure. Specifically, I show that the generalization of the amphibians-as-metapopulations paradigm, due to their limited dispersal capabilities, is not supported (I). Bufo fowleri movement is well described by an inverse power function. Whereas most individuals do not move, some move long distances. There is no sex bias to this movement and I propose the hypothesis that the animals moving the longest distances are aided by the passive action of lake currents (II). B. fowleri juveniles are not a dispersal stage. They move neither farther nor faster than adults. The observation of predominantly juvenile contribution to a dispersal pool is due to their abundance---there are simply many more juveniles than adults (III). My observations of amphibian population turnover do not support the predictions of two specific metapopulation models when parameterized on a local (<10km) or regional scale (~300km) (IV). B. fowleri populations in Canada exhibit both shallow and deep phylogeographic structure. The shallow divisions are geo
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Bardsley, Louise. "Use and selection of terrestrial resources by adult common toads (Bufo bufo) in agricultural landscapes." Thesis, De Montfort University, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/5851.
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Natalija, Čađenović. "Promene trofičkih karakteristika obične krastače Bufo bufo, Mertens and Müller, 1928 (Bufonidae: Anura) tokom postmetamorfoze." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Prirodno-matematički fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2014. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=87860&source=NDLTD&language=en.
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Analiza ishrane je urađena na uzorcima 16 populacija vrste Bufo bufo, sa ukupno 356 adultnih jedinki. Od toga 8 uzoraka pripada podvrsti B.b. bufo-populacija sa 158, a 8 uzoraka B.b spinosus populacija sa 198 jedinki. Za analizu ishrane je korišćen i uzorak od 150 primjeraka, tek metamorfoziranih jedinki. Uzorci populacija su prikupljeni sa teritorije Srbije i Crne Gore. Ishranu ispitivanih podvrsta roda Bufo, na svim lokalitetima čine jedinke plijena isključivo predstavnici Invertebrata. Kod obje podvrste dominantan plijen su pripadnici reda Coleoptera i Hymenoptera kod B.b. spinosus (70,05%,16,92%), kod B.b. bufo (59,69%, 22,61%). Multivarijantna analiza urađena na ukupnom uzorku pokazujeda postoji statistički značajna zavisnost ispitivanih morfoloških karaktera žaba i promjenljive morfologije plijena. Korespodentna analiza je pokazala da jedinke obje podvrste preferiraju sličan plijen samo što je učestalost tog plijena različita po podvrstama i polovima. Kod tek metamorfoziranih jedinki Anura na oba lokaliteta prisutan je isti plijen sa malim procentualnim razlikama. Prisustvo relativno visokog procenta Chironomidae ukazuje da ove jedinke nisu u potpunosti prešle na terestrični način života. Dok prisustvo visokog procenta familija Formicidae i Byrrhidae ukazuje na ishranu kojoj inače teže pripadnici vrste B. bufo, prelaskom na terestrični način života. Vrijednosti širina trofičkih niša (BA) po podvrstama pokazuju da je podvrsta B.b. spinosus (B1A=0,15) imala neznatno manju vrijednost u odnosu na podvrstu B.b. bufo (B1A=0,16) , što ukazuje na to da su pripadnici obje podvrste imale prilično ujednačenu ishranu. Na osnovu taksonomije plijena zabilježeno je veoma visoko preklapanje niša ishrane između podvrsta (95%). Veoma su oskudni literaturni podaci o ishrani ove dvije podvrste, što podatke i rezultate ovog rada čini posebno vrijednim.Diet analysis was conducted on the samples of 16 populations of species Bufo bufo, with total of 356 adult individuals. Among that, 8 samples belonged to sub-species B.b. bufo – population with 158 samples, and another 8 samples belonged to B.b. spinosus, with population of 198 individuals. For diet analysis we also used the sample of 150 individuals which have just finished metamorphosis. Population samples were collected from the territories of Serbia and Montenegro. The diet of investigated subspecies belonging to the genus Bufo from all localities, was composed of the Invertebrata exclusively. Coleoptera and Hymenoptera were dominant prey items in both groups B.b. spinosus (70.05%, 16.92%), and B.b. bufo (59.69%, 22.61%). Multivariate statistical analysis which was performed on the entire sample, showed existence of statistically significant dependence of morphological traits of common toadand variable morphology of prey. Correspondent analysis showed that individuals of both subspecies prefer similar prey, but the frequency of the prey occurance at different subspecies and sexes is different. Recently metamorphosed Anuran individuals from both localities, take the same prey with a small differences inpercentage. The presence of a relatively high percentage of Chironomidae indicates that these individuals are not completely moved on to terrestrial life. While the presence of a high percentage of the families Formicidae and Byrrhidae indicates a diet which usually species B. bufo aspire during the transition to terrestrial life. Values (BA) of trophic niche width (BA) indicate that the subspecies B.b. spinosus (BA =15) had a slightly lower value compared to subspecies B.b. bufo (BA =15) which indicates that both subspecies had a fairly uniform diet. Based on the taxonomy of prey, very high dietary niche overlap between subspecies was recorded (95%). Since there are very scarce literature data about diet of the two subspecies, the data and results of this thesis are particularly valuable.
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Kuhn, Wolfgang. "Kreuzkröte (Bufo calamita) und Wechselkröte (Bufo viridis) eine Mischpopulation am südlichen Rand ihres Verbreitungsgebietes in Bayern /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2000. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=962144878.
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Coles, R. S. "The use of genetic markers to reveal dynamic processes in a common toad (Bufo bufo) population." Thesis, University of Salford, 2013. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/29464/.
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In contrast to birds and mammals for example, amphibian population studies only rarely capture information based on genealogical relationships among individuals. As a consequence, we only have very limited knowledge about individual fitness measures such as lifetime reproductive success and the consequences of such variation on the linkage between generations of amphibians in the wild. The present thesis makes use of an existing long-term study on the common toad (Bufo bufo) in southern England (Dorset) to genetically identify parent-offspring relationships among approximately 850 individual toads, representing two successive generations (2004/2005/2006 and 2008/2009). The dataset enabled the comparison of measures of effective population size as well as effective breeding size, revealing ratios between 0.07 and 0.26. These data also showed an increasing trend with time and were (by some estimators) confirmed by the cross-generational parentage analysis which revealed a high reproductive skew among individuals. Forty-five percent of offspring could be assigned to a least one parent; in total, 6% of male parents and 30% of female parents were inferred. The pedigree information was also used to identify a possible hereditary basis for an observed decrease in female body condition and fecundity correlated to increased environmental temperatures. There was no indication for heritability of body size, body weight and body condition, suggesting that the documented decrease is based on phenotypic plasticity rather than evolutionary adaptation. However, kinship data that shows the population is less inbred with time coupled with the effective breeding number estimates showing an increasing trend with time suggest that despite the absence of evolutionary change, this population may still be able to circumvent the adverse effects associated with decreased body condition.
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Latham, Dorian Miles. "The terrestrial habitat selection and utilisation by the common toad (Bufo bufo L.) in agricultural landscapes." Thesis, De Montfort University, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/5853.
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Sontag, Charles Robert. "Social foraging in Bufo Americanus tadpoles." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2007.
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Salazar, Rosie Diane. "The distribution and dispersion of herpetofauna in lowland farmland : with a focus on the common toad (Bufo bufo)." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:5087c075-ee82-4564-a559-0ab9c10fb166.
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Concern over unexplained population declines in the common toad (Bufo bufo) has led to it being recognised as a priority species for conservation research. The general consensus among herpetologists is that the most important cause of the declines seen as part of a global amphibian extinction crisis is habitat loss and degradation. The aim of thesis is to investigate the effect of habitat availability and quality on common toad populations in the United Kingdom, with a particular emphasis on the effect of land under agricultural use. I use occupancy modelling, resource selection function modelling and genetic techniques to determine the effects of both terrestrial and aquatic habitat on common toads. Based on my findings, I consider the impacts of habitat at local, landscape and national scales. My research revealed the importance of pond density and presence of woodland in increasing relative probability of toad occurrence in the terrestrial habitat (Chapters 2 and 3) and the importance of water quality, woodland coverage and available terrestrial habitat coverage in determining common toad presence in ponds. The isolating effect of urban areas is demonstrated in Chapter 4 where Isolation By Barriers (IBB) explains genetic distance between common toad breeding populations better than Isolation By Distance (IBD). In Chapter 5 I again use the resource selection function for terrestrial habitat use developed in Chapter 3, to investigate the importance of terrestrial habitat availability in determining pond use by common toads at a national scale. In my concluding chapter, I make recommendations for management and further research including consideration of potential interactions between the effect of habitat loss, fragmentation and degradation with other potential causes of common toad decline.
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Santos, Karla Aparecida Marques. "Bufo & Spallanzani diálogo: literatura e cinema." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/ECAP-6ZNEWL.
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Esta pesquisa propõe uma análise do filme Bufo & Spallanzani (2001), de Flávio Tambellini, com o objetivo de investigar como se dá o diálogo entre o livro e sua adaptação fílmica. O fio condutor deste estudo doi o caráter auto-reflexivo do gênero policial e sua influência na construção de uma narrativa metaficcional, seja literária ou fílmica.
O trabalho foi pautado pela leitura de autores que abordam a tradução entre textos de diferentes sistemas de linguagem a partir da relativização do conceito de fidelidade. Desta forma, a adptação fílmica é vista neste estudo como um processo de transcriação. A adaptação é tida como uma nova experiência, que deve ter sua forma e conteúdo julgados em função de seu próprio campo - o cinema, em diálogo com o texto de origem e com seu contexto.
A partir dessas perspectivas, a pesquisa se debruçou na análise de aspectos que ajudassem a verificar como foi repensada a configuração de escolhas do livro, visto como ponto de partida, e transcriada numa outra configuração, o filme.
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Frétey, Thierry. "Biologie d'une population reproductrice de crapaud commun, bufo bufo (linne, 1758), en foret de rennes (ille et vilaine, france)." Rennes 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995REN10086.
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Bien que de nombreuses etudes aient porte sur les amphibiens, peu d'entre elles concernent le crapaud commun et l'immense majorite ont ete realisees a l'etranger. Il etait donc indispensable d'effectuer une comparaison avec les resultats obtenus ailleurs en europe, notamment sur la fidelite au site de reproduction, les dates de ponte, la croissance, la maturite sexuelle, la longevite etc notre etude, sur la biologie d'une population reproductrice de crapaud commun en foret de rennes (ille et vilaine, france), represente le suivi de 3364 individus differents (577 femelles et 2787 males) par 4449 captures individuelles, sur une periode de 9 ans. Pour cela, nous avons etudie la phenologie de la reproduction, utilise la technique de capture-marquage-recapture et la squelettochronologie. Il s'avere que si chacune de ces approches a permis de preciser un certain nombre d'observations (fidelite, dates de reproduction, age, maturite sexuelle, resorption endosteale, poids de la ponte, sex-ratio apparente, etc), la synthese de ces trois approches a permis d'aller beaucoup plus loin et de preciser les particularites de notre population bretonne, notamment: les records de longevite, la croissance des individus, la survie moyenne des individus, les probabilites de recaptures, l'estimation de la population. Quelques resultats semble generalisables a l'ensemble des populations de crapaud commun, notamment: la periodicite annuelle des lignes d'arret de croissance (ce qui valide l'utilisation de la methode squelettochronologique), l'homologie de structure entre phalanges et femurs d'un meme animal, le dimorphisme sexuel de la resorption endosteale (elle est plus importante chez les femelles que chez les males), l'existance d'un dimorphisme sexuel de la croissance (les femelles deviennent plus grandes que les males)
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May, Shoshanna. "Fitness and genetic diversity in Bufo calamita populations." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.505908.
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The aims of this DPhil were the characterisation of major histocompatibility complex class II β loci in the amphibian species Bufo calamita, determination of fitness of four Bufo calamita populations and measurement of genetic diversity at both microsatellite loci and MHC class II β loci. The genetic diversity at microsatellite loci is considered to be neutral to selection and the genetic diversity seen at MHC loci is adaptive. Fitness in the four populations was measured using the known larval fitness traits age at metamorphosis, growth rates and survival. A 114 base pair section of MHC class II loci was characterised in this study. It was shown here that the diversity at neutral microsatellite markers was negatively correlated with adaptive MHC class II variation. No correlation was found between microsatellite HE and the larval fitness traits growth rate, survival and age at metamorphosis. However, MHC class II diversity was found to be associated with survival, and individuals that were heterozygous at both MHC loci had a significantly higher chance of survival than individuals homozygous at one or both of the two loci. A separate part of this DPhil project was the population genetics of six Irish Bufo calamita populations. The genetic structure was investigated using nine polymorphic microsatellite markers. It was found that all populations had similar and moderate levels of genetic diversity, comparable with those on the coast of north-west England. Toad populations were substantially differentiated, implying little migration between sites within historical times. Phylogenetics and estimates of divergence times supported the hypothesis that populations on the north coast of Dingle separated from those around Castlemaine Harbour many thousands of years ago, and are not recent introductions.
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Andersson, Kirsi, and Maria Thorén. "Tillvägagångssätt som kan främja småbarns sömnvanor ”ohajajajaj buff”." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen för Vårdvetenskap, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-17221.
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Många föräldrar upplever att småbarn har sömnproblem när barn inte kan somna själva på kvällen och inte somna om själva på natten. Detta innebär att föräldrar får en störd nattsömn vilket kan leda till psykisk ohälsa såsom depression hos mammor och en ökad risk för våld mot barnet. För barnet kan det betyda att de kan få fortsatta sömnproblem under förskoleåldern. Sjuksköterskan inom barnhälsovården har ett hälsofrämjande perspektiv med fokus på familjen och skall arbeta för att minska skadlig påfrestning för barn och föräldrar. Syftet med denna uppsats är att beskriva olika tillvägagångssätt som kan främja goda sömnvanor hos småbarn och deras föräldrar. Som metod valdes litteraturstudie. Resultatet visar olika tillvägagångssätt som förbättrar sömnen hos familjerna. Föräldrar får information om barns sömnmönster och dygnsrutiners betydelse för sömn. Informationen ges i grupp eller individuellt och kan vara både muntlig och skriftlig. Resultatet beskriver också faktorer som underlättar för föräldrar såsom stöd från närstående och sjuksköterska samt sovrumsmiljöns betydelse för att de ska orka hantera situationen med barns sömn. Stöd från professionella, bland annat genom telefonuppföljningar, uppskattas av föräldrar. Författarna diskuterar hur information bör ges, vilka förutsättningar som är gynnsamma för vårdrelationen samt betydelsen av att bemöta föräldrar i deras livsvärld. Vidare diskuteras båda föräldrars delaktighet i omvårdnaden av sitt barn och vikten av jämställdhet i föräldraskapet.Program: Fristående kurs
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Thornhill, Gary Marshal. "Sexual selection in Fowler's toad, Bufo woodhousei fowleri /." The Ohio State University, 1985. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487260859497575.
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Camargo, Marcelo Silvano de 1969. "Estudo das propriedades locais de soluções líquidas de não-eletrólitos utilizando-se o método reverso para o cálculo das integrais de Kirkwood-Buff e o enfoque diferencial de Koga." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/249115.
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Orientador: Pedro Luiz Onófrio VolpeTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Química
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Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho é o estudo das propriedades locais de soluções líquidas binárias de não-eletrólitos. Para se alcançar tal objetivo, executou-se o cálculo dos valores das integrais de Kirkwood-Buff a partir de grandezas termodinâmicas, elaborado por Ben-Naim. Foram calculados valores para as integrais KB de uma solução de etanol em água a 298,15 K, dando-se especial ênfase a regiões de alta concentração de água. Outras grandezas locais, como o desvio da idealidade em relação a uma solução simétrica, também foram calculadas a partir dos resultados obtidos para as integrais KB. O enfoque diferencial de Koga foi utilizado de maneira a complementar a análise realizada com as integrais de Kirkwood-Buff, possibilitando um estudo mais aprofundado do sistema. Até onde o autor desta dissertação está familiarizado, a utilização conjunta destas duas ferramentas teóricas está sendo implementada pela primeira vez
Abstract: The objective of this work is the study of local properties of binary liquid solutions of non-electrolytes. To achieve this goal, Kirkwood-Buff integrals from thermodynamic quantities were obtained, as Ben-Naim has demonstrated. We obtained the values of Kirkwood-Buff integrals for a solution of ethanol in water at 298.15 K, with particular emphasis on areas of high concentration of water. Other local qantities, as the deviation of ideality with respect to a symmetric solution, were also calculated from the results obtained from KB integrals. Koga¿s Differential approach was used in order to complement the analysis provided by Kirkwood-Buff integrals, allowing further understanding of the system. As far as the author of this thesis is familiar, the joint use
Doutorado
Físico-Química
Mestre em Química
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Ploetz, Elizabeth Anne. "A Kirkwood-Buff force field for aromatic amino acids." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/4028.
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Zou, Jin. "A Kirkwood-Buff Force Field for polyoxoanions in water." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/4217.
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Hao, Jingping. "The electrical properties of Bufo marinus Na⁺, K⁺-ATPase." Ohio : Ohio University, 2009. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1258151062.
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Durussel, Jean David <1975>. "Methodological approaches in order to investigate the mechanisms of sexual determination and sexual differentiation in the common toad Bufo bufo (L.) (Amphibia, Anura)." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2009. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/1891/.
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Possapp, Yuri Torres. "Em suma, somos patéticos: “Bufo & Spallanzani”, de Rubem Fonseca." Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10923/6845.
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Previous issue date: 2014The tragic and pathos are recurring elements in universal literature, appearing often in counterpoint to a possible rationalism allegedly totalizing, revealing the relative powerlessness of man in relation to the complex reality that surrounds. Ruben Fonseca, respected Brazilian author shows great artistic sensitivity over its contemporary context, namely the post-war world. In the context of a new Generic saturation and systemic nihilism, where axiology is dead, catharsis is no longer possible nor feasible. Due to the seemingly inevitable perplexity that haunts the citizens of this new time, sterile regarding the teleological perspective, tragedy, besides losing its original essence (described by Aristotle), seems to flirt with the comedy itself, pointing to the "ridiculous" that overlaps with the suffering. This dissertation aims to analyze the way that mentioned writer exposes the pathetic and the tragic in his novel Bufo & Spallanzani, first published in 1985, considering the social, political, economic and cultural changes in the world that emerged after the Second World War
O trágico e o pathos são elementos recorrentes na literatura universal, surgindo quase sempre em contraponto a um eventual racionalismo pretensamente totalizante, revelando a relativa impotência do homem em relação à realidade complexa que o cerca. Rubem Fonseca, respeitado autor brasileiro, demonstra uma grande sensibilidade artística em relação sua contemporaneidade, a saber, o mundo pós-guerra. Em um novo contexto de saturação genérica e de niilismo sistêmico, em que a axiologia se mostra inoperante, a catarse já não se mostra possível, nem viável. Em virtude da aparentemente inevitável perplexidade que assombra o cidadão desse novo tempo, estéril quanto a perspectivas teleológicas, a tragédia, além de perder sua essência original (descrita por Aristóteles), parece flertar com a própria comédia, apontando para o “ridículo” que se imbrica com o sofrimento. A presente dissertação propõe analisar como esse escritor expõe o patético e o trágico dentro no romance Bufo & Spallanzani, de 1985, considerando as mudanças sociais, políticas, econômicas e culturais do mundo que emerge após a Segunda Guerra Mundial.
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Dayton, Gage Hart. "Community assembly of xeric-adapted anurans at multiple spatial scales." Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/3296.
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The distribution and abundance of organisms is influenced by historical, abiotic,
and biotic factors. The goal of my dissertation was to determine the distribution of
anurans in the Big Bend region of the Chihuahuan Desert and to examine how abiotic
and biotic factors shape the composition and structure of anuran communities at multiple
spatial scales. My approach relied on extensive field surveys, laboratory and field
experiments, and GIS modeling.
Results from field surveys and reciprocal transplant studies of tadpoles indicate
that abiotic conditions of the breeding site most likely do not play a significant role in
causing the segregation of species among individual breeding pools. I used laboratory
and mesocosm experiments to test for indirect and direct effects of predators on growth
and survival of S. couchii tadpoles. I found that S. couchii tadpoles do not alter their
behavior in the presence of predators and are very susceptible to predation. Although
tadpoles reared with predators suffered high mortality rates, they metamorphosed
significantly faster than tadpoles reared without predators. The reduced time to metamorphose is likely a result of the thinning of intraspecific competitors. Because the
primary cause of death for S. couchii tadpoles is desiccation due to pond drying,
predators may play an important role in facilitating metamorphosis by decreasing
competitors and thus increasing per capita resources, therefore decreasing time to
metamorphosis for the surviving tadpoles.
At the landscape level anuran distributions seem to be influenced by
environmental factors that influence the survival of the adult stage. At the level of the
breeding site, microhabitat and abiotic components of the aquatic environment do not
seem to play an important role in influencing breeding site use by different species.
Rather, it seems likely that predation on tadpoles by predators is important in limiting
the distribution of some species and that the fast-developing S. couchii may exclude
other species from using sites via oophagy and predation on small tadpoles. My
research elucidates the fact that in order to understand factors important in regulating
ecological communities it is important to examine both abiotic and biotic factors at
multiple spatial scales.
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Larsson, Matilda. "Inventering av Strandpadda (Bufo calamita) 2012 på Balgö och inom Varbergs kust." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Ekologi och miljövetenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-21574.
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Schacht, Matthew C. "Factors promoting variation in feeding morphology of larval southern toads (Bufo terrestris)." Click here to access thesis, 2009. http://www.georgiasouthern.edu/etd/archive/spring2009/matthew_c_schacht/SCHACHT_MATTHEW_C_200901_MS.pdf.zip.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Georgia Southern University, 2009."A thesis submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Georgia Southern University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Science." Directed by Lance McBrayer. ETD. Includes bibliographical references (p. 76-80) and appendices.
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De, Almeida Juliana Bosi. "Wintering ecology of Buff-breasted Sandpipers (Tryngites subruficollis) in Southern Brazil." abstract and full text PDF (UNR users only), 2009. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3355577.
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Possapp, Yuri Torres. "Em suma, somos pat?ticos : Bufo & Spallanzani, de Rubem Fonseca." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2014. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/2174.
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Previous issue date: 2014-03-25The tragic and pathos are recurring elements in universal literature, appearing often in counterpoint to a possible rationalism allegedly totalizing, revealing the relative powerlessness of man in relation to the complex reality that surrounds. Ruben Fonseca, respected Brazilian author shows great artistic sensitivity over its contemporary context, namely the post-war world. In the context of a new Generic saturation and systemic nihilism, where axiology is dead, catharsis is no longer possible nor feasible. Due to the seemingly inevitable perplexity that haunts the citizens of this new time, sterile regarding the teleological perspective, tragedy, besides losing its original essence (described by Aristotle), seems to flirt with the comedy itself, pointing to the "ridiculous" that overlaps with the suffering. This dissertation aims to analyze the way that mentioned writer exposes the pathetic and the tragic in his novel Bufo & Spallanzani, first published in 1985, considering the social, political, economic and cultural changes in the world that emerged after the Second World War.
O tr?gico e o pathos s?o elementos recorrentes na literatura universal, surgindo quase sempre em contraponto a um eventual racionalismo pretensamente totalizante, revelando a relativa impot?ncia do homem em rela??o ? realidade complexa que o cerca. Rubem Fonseca, respeitado autor brasileiro, demonstra uma grande sensibilidade art?stica em rela??o sua contemporaneidade, a saber, o mundo p?s-guerra. Em um novo contexto de satura??o gen?rica e de niilismo sist?mico, em que a axiologia se mostra inoperante, a catarse j? n?o se mostra poss?vel, nem vi?vel. Em virtude da aparentemente inevit?vel perplexidade que assombra o cidad?o desse novo tempo, est?ril quanto a perspectivas teleol?gicas, a trag?dia, al?m de perder sua ess?ncia original (descrita por Arist?teles), parece flertar com a pr?pria com?dia, apontando para o rid?culo que se imbrica com o sofrimento. A presente disserta??o prop?e analisar como esse escritor exp?e o pat?tico e o tr?gico dentro no romance Bufo & Spallanzani, de 1985, considerando as mudan?as sociais, pol?ticas, econ?micas e culturais do mundo que emerge ap?s a Segunda Guerra Mundial.
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Lund, Mikael. "Släktskapets påverkan på tillväxt, storlek, mortalitet och defekter hos yngel vid uppfödning hos Grönfläckig padda (Bufo viridis)." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-9536.
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Detta arbete syftar till att svara på hypotesen som säger att det är skillnader i tillväxt, storlek, dödlighet och deformationer hos besläktade yngel av grönfläckig padda (Bufo viridis) gentemot obesläktade yngel vid uppfödning. Tidigare australiensisk studie visar att kemiska ämnen som paddorna själva utsöndrar påverkar tillväxt och överlevnad. Det förekommer även att syskon favoriserar och känner igen varandra och således blir konkurrensen syskon emellan inte lika stark. Yngel från fem olika honor delades in i grupper och placerats i akvarietankar med antingen besläktade individer från en och samma hona eller blandade. Där har de vuxit upp från ägg till yngel. De yngel som föddes upp tillsammans med sina syskon var större än yngel som fötts upp med obesläktade yngel. Det var ingen skillnad i procentuell tillväxt över tid mellan besläktade och obesläktade individer. Vid de första mättillfällena var det skillnad i storlek, viket indikerar att mekanismen som styr tillväxt är som starkast i ett tidigt utvecklingsskede för att sedan avta. Tidigare studie på grönfläckig padda i Sverige visar på liknande resultat och dessa motsäger resultat från en australiensisk studie där tillväxten varit mindre i början och större i slutet. Dödligheten från ägg till yngel var större hos de obesläktade individerna. Sammantaget ger det en indikation om att mekanismen bakom exempelvis storlek, tillväxt och dödlighet är mer komplexa än vad som framkommit i tidigare arbeten. Resultatet visar på skillnader som kan ligga till grund för utvecklandet av nya metoder vid uppfödning av grönfläckig padda och som även kan hjälpa till vid bevarandet av den svenska populationen.This work aims to respond to the hypothesis that says that there are differences in growth, size, mortality and deformation in the kin of green toad (Bufo viridis) between unrelated egg and later on juveniles when breeding. A previous Australian studie demonstrates that chemical substances that the toads themselves secrete affect growth and survival. It also appears that the siblings chemically recognize and favours each other, and thus competition for food between siblings is not as strong. Eggs and later on juveniles of five different females have been divided into groups and placed in aquariumtanks. Either with related individuals from a single female or mixed. The juveniles reared together with their siblings had on average larger bodies than juveniles reared with unrelated brood. There were no difference in growth over time between the different rearing methods. There where, however, differences in growth during the first measurements, which indicates that the mechanisms that differentiates the growth is strongest in an early stage of development. Mortality from egg to juvenile where larger in the unrelated individuals than within the siblings. Previous Swedish study show similar results and these contradicts result from Australian studies. Overall, it gives an indication that the mechanism that affect size, growth and mortality is more complex than what transpired in the previous work. The result points to differences that may form the basis for the development of new methods for the breeding of European Green Toad, and which can also help in the preservation of the Swedish population.
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Deguise, Isabelle Emiola. "Movements of adult western toads, Bufo boreas, in a managed forest landscape and the incidence of a disease in southwestern British Columbia." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/403.
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Amphibians are declining dramatically around the globe, due primarily to two major threats: habitat destruction and emerging infectious diseases. The western toad, Bufo boreas, is an IUCN red-listed species thought to be affected by both these factors. The objectives of this thesis were to (1) determine how forest fragmentation affects western toad movement behaviour; and (2) determine if there is any evidence of the infectious disease, the chytrid fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis), in this species in British Columbia.
I used radio-telemetry to follow daily movement patterns of 23 adult male toads in a fragmented landscape near Vancouver, BC, composed of forest patches and small, recent clear-cuts. Movement parameters were analyzed using a Geographic Information System (GIS) and mixed effects models. Results showed that toads in forests were able to perceive clear-cut edges from as far as 150 m. Greater than 60% of toads released in forest patches actively chose to enter the clear-cuts from adjacent forests, indicating high boundary permeability. In addition, toad movement parameters were not significantly reduced in these disturbed environments, suggesting that clear-cuts do not restrict movement. Although toads appear to favour these disturbed environments, further research is required in larger, more realistically sized clear-cuts.
To investigate the prevalence of the chytrid fungus in southwestern British Columbia, I tested a breeding population of western toads in a protected area. Results showed a 28% infection rate, although no toads showed any visual signs of the disease. These results provide the first evidence of the chytrid fungus in western toads in British Columbia and suggest that the disease is potentially more widespread that currently documented.
The results of my research suggest that the western toad may not be affected by small scale forest harvesting. In addition, my results support the hypothesis that western toads are reservoirs for the chytrid fungus. Although most populations in Canada appear to be faring well, long-term population monitoring and further testing for chytrid prevalence are required. To minimize the likelihood of western toads experiencing the dramatic declines that are presently taking place in the United States, protecting vital habitats and preventing the spread of chytrid through public awareness are required.
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Narvaes, Patrícia. "Revisão taxonômica das espécies de Bufo do complexo granulosus (Amphibia, Anura, Bufonidae)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41133/tde-07012005-190107/.
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O principal objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a variação morfológica do grupo Bufo granulosus, procurando determinar suas unidades evolutivas. Esse grupo, como concebido até o presente, é comporto por 6 espécies (Bufo granulosus, Bufo bergi, Bufo dorbignyi, Bufo fernandezae, Bufo pygmaeus e Bufo beebei), e 10 subespécies de Bufo granulosus (merianae, nattereri, mini, major, barbouri, lutzi, mirandaribeiroi, azarai, humboldti, goeldii). A distribuição geográfica do grupo é bastante ampla e associada a formações abertas, compreendendo a América Central (Panamá) e quase todos os países da América do Sul, com exceção do Chile e do Equador. Foram analisados cerca de 8700 exemplares depositados em diversas coleções nacionais e estrangeiras de cerca de 880 localidades distintas. Caracteres apontados nas descrições das subespécies do grupo e outros, levantados no decorrer no trabalho, foram conferidos com base no estudo de séries de exemplares, comparados por localidade. Foram tomadas medidas de 23 caracteres morfométricos em 2267 indivíduos, utilizados em uma análise estatística multivariada, juntamente com 9 proporções corporais escolhidas como forma de caracterizar os táxons do grupo granulosus. Caracteres osteológicos e miológicos também foram estudados, e foi realizada uma análise das vocalizações (canto de anúncio) disponíveis para o grupo. São reconhecidas 12 espécies para o grupo granulosus: Bufo granulosus (Sudeste e Nordeste do Brasil); Bufo pygmaeus (Rio de Janeiro); Bufo azarai (Argentina, Paraguai e Mato Grosso do Sul); Bufo mirandaribeiroi (Brasil Central); Bufo major (Argentina, Bolívia, Paraguai e Amazônia, Brasil); Bufo fernandezae (Sul do Brasil, Argentina, Uruguai); Bufo dorbignyi (Sul do Brasil, Argentina, Uruguai); Bufo bergi (Argentina, Paraguai, Mato Grosso do Sul); Bufo nattereri (Roraima); Bufo humboldti (Colômbia, Venezuela, Guiana, Suriname); Bufo merianae (Amazônia, Venezuela, Guiana, Suriname); Bufo sp.n. (Panamá).The Bufo species of the granulosus group are taxonomically reviewed in order to determine their evolutionary units. The granulosus group is composed by 6 species (Bufo granulosus, Bufo bergi, Bufo dorbignyi, Bufo fernandezae, Bufo pygmaeus and B. beebei), and 10 subspecies of Bufo granulosus (merianae, nattereri, mini, major, barbouri, lutzi, mirandaribeiroi, azarai, humboldti, goeldii). The group presents a wide geographical distribution, occurring in Central America (Panama) and in almost all the countries of South America, except for Chile and Ecuador. A total of 8700 specimens deposited in several national and foreign collections were studied representing about 880 different localities. External morphological caracters currently cited in the literature, and others, chosen at the beginning of the work, were compared within the sample series for each locality. Measurements of 23 morphometric characters were taken on 2267 specimens, and were used in an multivariate statistical analysis along with 9 body ratios chosen as a form of characterizing the taxa of the group. Osteological and miological caracters were also analyzed within the taxa, and an analysis of the vocalization (advertisement call) was performed with the available recordings for the group. Twelve species are recognized for the granulosus group, and one is new: Bufo granulosus (Southeast and Northeast Brazil); Bufo pygmaeus (Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil); Bufo azarai (Argentina, Paraguay and Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil); Bufo mirandaribeiroi (Central Brazillian Savannas); Bufo major (Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay and Amazonia, Brazil); Bufo fernandezae (South Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay); Bufo dorbignyi (South Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay); Bufo bergi (Argentina, Paraguay and Mato Grosso do Sul); Bufo nattereri (Roraima State, Brazil); Bufo humboldti (Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Surinam); Bufo merianae (Amazonia, Venezuela, Guyana, Surinam); Bufo sp. n. (Panama).
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Martin, John Arnold 1959. "Distribution, abundance, and habitat characteristics of the buff-breasted flycatcher in Arizona." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278620.
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Geographic range and numbers of buff-breasted flycatchers (Empidonax fulvifrons) have decreased in Arizona. I conducted surveys to locate additional populations. Results suggested that some small populations have disappeared since 1980, but that other small populations have increased. I estimated reproductive success using an index based on adults' behavior. I measured vegetation in used areas, nest sites, and available areas. I used logistic regression to compare used to available areas and nest sites to used areas. Used vs. available comparisons indicated that buff-breasted flycatchers used areas dominated by pines, with a sparse oak understory. I found significant associations between buff-breasted flycatcher presence and vegetation type, structural stage, canopy cover, and forest patch width. I developed a habitat model to help manage this rare species. I recommend continued monitoring of buff-breasted flycatcher populations and creation of open pine forest with an open understory of oak. Fire may facilitate development of potential habitat.
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McLeod, Janet Leigh, and janet mcleod@deakin edu au. "The natriuretic peptides and their receptors in the brain of the amphibian, Bufo marinus." Deakin University. School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, 1999. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20071024.112730.
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The natriuretic peptides, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) are members of a family of hormones that play an important role in mammalian fluid and electrolyte balance. In the periphery, natriuretic peptides reduce blood volume and subsequently blood pressure by increasing renal natriuresis and diuresis and relaxation of vascular smooth muscle. The actions of natriuretic peptides are mediated via two membrane-linked guanylate cyclase receptors (NPR-GC); natriuretic peptide receptor-A (NPR-A) which has a high affinity for ANP and BNP; and natriuretic peptide receptor-B (NPR-B)which has the greatest affinity for CNP. A third receptor not linked to guanylate cyclase, natriuretic peptide receptor-C (NPR-C) also exists, which binds to ANP, BNP and CNP with a relatively equal affinity, and is involved with clearance of the peptides from the circulation and tissues. The natriuretic peptides are present in the brain and are particularly predominant in cardiovascular and fluid and electrolyte regulating areas such as the anteroventral third ventricle (AV3V) region. This distribution has led to the suggestion natriuretic peptides play a neuromodulatory role in the central control of fluid homeostasis. Natriuretic peptides in the brain have been observed to inhibit the release of other fluid and electrolyte regulating hormones such as arginine vasopressin (AVP) and angiotensin II (AII).
Natriuretic peptides have also been identified in the non-mammalian vertebrates although information regarding the distribution of the peptides and their receptors in the non-mammalian brain is limited. In amphibians, immunohistochemical studies have shown that natriuretic peptides are highly concentrated in the preoptic region of the brain, an area believed to be analogous to the A\T3\ region in mammals, which suggests that natriuretic peptides may also be involved in central fluid and electrolyte regulation in amphibians. To date, CNP is the only natriuretic peptide that has been isolated and cloned from the lower vertebrate brain, although studies on the distribution of CNP binding sites in the brain have only been performed in one fish species. Studies on the distribution of ANP binding sites in the lower vertebrate brain are similarly limited and have only been performed in one fish and two amphibian species. Moreover, the nature and distribution of the natriuretic peptide receptors has not been characterised. The current study therefore, used several approaches to investigate the distribution of natriuretic peptides and their receptors in the brain of the amphibian Bufo marinus. The topographical relationship of natriuretic peptides and the fluid and electrolyte regulating hormone arginine vasotocin was also investigated, in order to gain a greater understanding of the role of the natriuretic peptide system in the lower vertebrate brain.
Immunohistochemical studies showed natriuretic peptides were distributed throughout the brain and were highly concentrated in the preoptic region and interpeduncular nucleus. No natriuretic peptide-like immunoreactivity (NP-IR) was observed in the pituitary gland. Arginine vasotocin-like immunoreactivity (AvT-IR) was confined to distinct regions, particularly in the preoptic/hypothalamic region and pituitary gland. Double labelling studies of NP-JR and AvT-IR showed the peptides are not colocalised in the same neural pathways.
The distribution of natriuretic peptide binding sites using the ligands 125I-rat ANP (125I-rANP) and 125I-porcine CNP (125I-pCNP) showed different distributions in the brain of B. marinus. The specificity of binding was determined by displacement with unlabelled rat ANP, porcine CNP and C-ANF, an NPR-C specific ligand. 125I-rANP binding sites were broadly distributed throughout the brain with the highest concentration in pituitary gland, habenular, medial pallium and olfactory region. Minimal 125I-rANP binding was observed in the preoptic region. Residual 125I-rANP binding in the presence of C-ANF was observed in the olfactory region, habenular and pituitary gland indicating the presence of both NPR-GC and NPR-C in these regions. 125I-pCNP binding was limited to the olfactory region, pallium and posterior pituitary gland. All 125I-pCNP binding was displaced by C-ANF which suggests that CNP in the brain of B. marinus binds only to NPR-C.
Affinity cross-linking and SDS-PAGB demonstrated two binding sites at 136 kDa and 65 kDa under reducing conditions. Guanylate cyclase assays showed 0.1 µM ANP increased cGMP levels 50% above basal whilst a 10-fold higher concentration of CNP was required to produce the same result. Molecular cloning studies revealed a 669 base pair fragment showing 91% homology with human and rat NPR-A and 89% homology with human, rat and eel NPR-B. A 432 base pair fragment showing 67% homology to the mammalian NPR-C and 58% homology with eel NPR-D was also obtained.
The results show natriuretic peptides and their receptors are distributed throughout the brain of B. marinus which indicates that natriuretic peptides may participate in a range of regulatory functions throughout the brain. The potential for natriuretic peptides to regulate the release of the fluid and electrolyte regulating hormone AVT also exists due to the high number of natriuretic peptide binding sites in the posterior pituitary gland. At least two populations of natriuretic peptide receptors are present in the brain of B. marinus, one linked to guanylate cyclase and one resembling the mammalian clearance receptor. Furthermore, autoradiography and guanylate cyclase studies suggest ANP may be the major ligand in the brain of B. marinus, even though CNP is the only natriuretic peptide that has been isolated from the lower vertebrate brain to date.
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Phillips, Ben Lee. "Evolution and impact of invasive species : cane toads and snakes in Australia." University of Sydney. School of Biological Sciences, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/611.
Full textAbstract:
Evolution can occur rapidly, along timescales that are traditionally regarded as 'ecological'. Despite growing acceptance among biologists of rapid evolution, a strong paradigm of contemporary evolution is still absent in many sub-disciplines. Here I apply a contemporary evolution viewpoint to conservation biology. Specifically, I examine the impact of cane toads (Bufo marinus) on Australian snakes. Toads were introduced into Australia in 1935, have spread rapidly and represent a novel, extremely toxic prey item to na�ve Australian predators (including snakes). Based on dietary preferences and geographic distributions I find that 49 species of Australian snake are potentially at risk from the invasion of the toad. Furthermore, examination of physiological resistance to toad toxin in 10 of these �at risk� species strongly suggests that most species of Australian snake are poorly equipped to deal with a likely dose of toad toxin. Even species that are highly resistant to toad toxin (such as the keelback, Tropidonophis mairii) face indirect fitness costs associated with consuming toads. Within a population of snakes however, the impact of toads is unlikely to be random. For example, the examination of several component allometries describing the interaction between snakes and toads revealed that, within a species, smaller snakes are more likely to ingest a fatal dose of toad toxin than are larger snakes. Further consideration of the interaction between snakes and toads suggests that toads will not only be exerting differential impact on snakes based upon morphology, but also exert non-random selection on prey preference and resistance to toad toxin in snake populations. To examine the possibility of a morphological response by snakes to toads, I examined changes in the body size and relative head size of four species of snake as a consequence of time since exposure to toads. Two of the species (green treesnakes and red-bellied blacksnakes) are predicted to face strong impacts from toads. These two species showed an increase in mean body size and a decrease in relative head size as a consequence of time since exposure to toads; both changes in an adaptive direction. In contrast, the other two species (keelbacks and swampsnakes) are predicted to face much lower impact from toads, and these two species showed little or no evidence of morphological change associated with time since exposure to toads. These results indicate an adaptive change in morphology at a rate that is proportional to the predicted level of impact for each species, strongly suggesting an evolved response. Red-bellied blacksnakes (a toad-vulnerable species) were further assessed for evolved responses in prey preference and toxin resistance. Comparisons between toad-exposed and toad-na�ve populations of blacksnakes revealed that snakes from toad-exposed populations exhibited slightly higher resistance to toad toxin and a much-reduced tendency to eat toads, when compared with toad-na�ve snakes. Na�ve snakes exhibited no tendency to learn avoidance of toxic prey, nor were they able to acquire resistance to toxin as a result of several sub-lethal doses, suggesting that the observed differences between populations is evolved rather than acquired. Together, these results strongly suggest that blacksnakes are exhibiting an evolved shift in prey preference and toxin resistance as a consequence of exposure to toads. Thus, it appears that snakes are exhibiting adaptation at multiple traits in response to exposure to toads. Given the high likelihood that these adaptive shifts have an evolved basis, it appears that the impact of toads will decrease with time in many snake populations. But what about toads? Because the outcome of the interaction between a toad and a snake is also mediated by the body size and relative toxicity of toads, it is important to understand how these traits vary in space and time. Exploratory analysis revealed that toads exhibit a decrease in body size and a decrease in relative toxicity as a consequence of time since colonisation, indicating that their impact on native predators decreases with time. Additionally, there appears to be meaningful spatial variation in toad relative toxicity, indicating that some populations of native predators are facing higher impact from toads than others. Overall, these results clearly indicate the importance of assessing the potential for rapid evolutionary response in impacted systems. Doing so may provide evidence that some species are in less trouble than originally thought. Additionally, and as more data accumulate, it may be possible to characterise certain categories of environmental impact by their potential for eliciting adaptive response from �impacted� species. This approach has strong implications for the way conservation priorities are set and the way in which conservation dependent populations are managed.
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Thomson, Susmita. "Local feedback regulation of salt & water transport across pumping epithelia : experimental & mathematical investigations in the isolated abdominal skin of Bufo marinus /." Connect to this title, 2002. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2003.0022.
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Calitz, Tanja. "The effect of acid buf and combinations of acid buf and socium bicarbonate in dairy cow diets on production response and rumen parameters." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/3024.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MScAgric (Animal Sciences))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The effect of Acid Buf and combinations of Acid Buf and Sodium bicarbonate in dairy cow diets on production response and rumen parameters The objective of this study was to determine the effect of Acid Buf alone, or in combination with sodium bicarbonate, on milk production, milk composition and selected rumen parameters. A high concentrate TMR, formulated to be potentially acidotic, was used to construct four dietary treatments in which Acid Buf (AB), the skeletal remains of the seaweed Lithothamnium calcareum, was used alone or in combination with sodium bicarbonate (BC). The diets contained 3.5 g/kg of AB (Treatment 1) or 1.75 g/kg of AB and 1.75 g/kg of BC (Treatment 2) or 3.5 g/kg of AB and 3.5 g/kg of BC (Treatment 3) or 3.5 g/kg of AB and 5.2 g/kg of BC (Treatment 4). The response to treatment was determined using eight ruminally cannulated lactating Holstein cows randomly allocated to treatments according to a 4 x 4 (n=2) Latin square design, with four treatments and four periods. The total experimental period was 100 days in which every cow received each diet for a period of 18 days prior to a data collection period of 7 days. Rumen pH was monitored continuously over 2 days using a portable data logging system and in-dwelling electrodes. Samples of rumen fluid were collected for volatile fatty acid (VFA) analyses. During each data collection period, milk production was recorded twice daily for 7 days, whereas milk was sampled twice daily for five consecutive days for component analysis. Cows were fed ad libitum and dry matter intake was recorded individually. Treatment had no significant effect on milk production, milk composition or feed intake. Ruminal pH profiles of all the treatments indicated that the diets were well buffered. Average pH over 24 hours was 6.0, 6.1, 6.1 and 6.2 for Treatments 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. The pH did not go below 5.8 for any of the treatments and increasing levels of sodium bicarbonate increased the diurnal profile such that at the highest level (Treatment 4), the pH profile ranged from 6.1 to 6.5. Although not significant, Treatment 1 (Acid Buf alone) numerically resulted in the highest milk output without compromising milk quality. It is proposed that high rumen pH may impact negatively on milk output by increasing the acetate:propionate ratio to the detriment of rumen efficiency. Treatment had no significant effect on total VFA concentration, but there seemed to be a tendency for increased total VFA concentration as the level of sodium bicarbonate increased. The acetate:propionate ratio of Treatment 1 (2.91) was significantly lower than Treatment 4 (3.65) (P<0.05). The use of buffers which react to increasing acidity in the rumen may therefore provide an efficient, safe solution to rumen acidosis. This study confirmed previous results indicating that a daily intake of 80 g of Acid Buf by cows receiving high concentrate diets would support high milk production without compromising milk solids contents.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die effek van Acid Buf en kombinasies van Acid Buf en Natriumbikarbonaat in melkkoeidiëte op melkproduksie, melksamestelling en rumenparameters Die doel van die studie was om die invloed van Acid Buf alleen, of in kombinasie met natriumbikarbonaat, in melkbeesdiëte op melkproduksie en melksamestelling, asook op bepaalde rumenparameters, te bepaal. ‘n Volledige dieet met ‘n hoë kragvoerinhoud, wat geformuleer is om potensieel asidoties te wees, is gebruik om vier dieetbehandelings saam te stel waarin Acid Buf (AB), die skeletoorblyfsels van die seegras Lithothamnium calcareum, alleen of in kombinasie met natriumbikarbonaat (BK) gebruik is. Een basale diet is dus geformuleer en die behandelingsdiëte het onderskeidelik 3.5 g/kg AB (Behandeling 1) of 1.75 g/kg AB en 1.75 g/kg BK (Behandeling 2) of 3.5 g/kg AB en 3.5 g/kg BK (Behandeling 3) of 3.5 g/kg AB en 5.2 g/kg BK (Behandeling 4) bevat. Agt rumen-gekannuleerde lakterende Holsteinkoeie is ewekansig aan die behandelings toegeken in ‘n 4 x 4 (n=2) Latynse vierkantontwerp met vier behandelings en vier periodes. Die totale eksperimentele periode was 100 dae, waartydens elke koei elke behandeling vir 18 dae ontvang het voor die datakolleksieperiode van 7 dae. Rumen pH is voortdurend, elke vier minute, oor ‘n twee-dae periode gemeet met behulp van draagbare dataloggers en pH elektrodes wat binne-in die rumen gesetel was. Rumenvloeistof is versamel vir die bepaling van vlugtige vetsuurkonsentrasies. Gedurende elk van die datakolleksieperiodes is die melkproduksie twee maal per dag geneem vir sewe agtereenvolgende dae en melkmonsters is tweemaal per dag versamel vir vyf agtereenvolgende dae vir komponent–analise (samestelling?). Koeie is ad libitum gevoer en voerinnames is individueel bepaal. Die behandelings het geen betekenisvolle invloed op melkproduksie, melksamestelling of voerinnames gehad nie. Rumen pH profiele van al die behandelings het aangedui dat die diëte goed gebuffer was. Die gemiddelde pH oor 24 uur was 6.0, 6.1, 6.1 en 6.2 vir Behandeling 1, 2, 3 en 4, onderskeidelik. Die pH het nie onder 5.8 gedaal vir enige van die behandelings nie en die toenemende vlakke van natriumbikarbonaat het ‘n verhoging in die daaglikse pH-profiele tot gevolg gehad. By die hoogste buffervlakke (Behandeling 4) het die pH-profiel tussen 6.1 en 6.5 gevarieer. Hoewel nie betekenisvol nie, het Behandeling 1 (slegs Acid Buf) numeries die hoogste melkproduksie getoon, sonder dat melkkwaliteit beïnvloed is. Dit is voorgestel dat te hoë rumen pH ‘n nadelige impak op melkproduksie kan hê, as gevolg van ‘n verhoogde asetaat:propionaat verhouding wat rumen doeltreffendheid benadeel. Behandelings het geen betekenisvolle invloed op totale vlugtige vetsuurkonsentrasies gehad nie, maar daar was ‘n neiging vir hoër totale vlugtige vetsuurkonsentrasies namate die vlakke van natriumbikarbonaat verhoog het. Die asetaat:propionaat verhouding van Behandeling 1 (2.91) was betekenisvol laer as dié van Behandeling 4 (3.65). Die gebruik van buffers wat reageer op toenemende suurheidsgraad kan dus aangewend word as ‘n doeltreffende en veilige oplossing vir rumen asidose. Die studie het bevestig dat ‘n daaglikse inname van 80 g Acid Buf deur koeie wat ‘n hoë kragvoerdieet ontvang, hoë melkproduksie ondersteun sonder dat melksamestelling nadelig beïnvloed word.
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Hernandez, P. Chalcraft David. "Priority effects of overwintered Rana tadpoles on larval Southern toad (Bufo terrestris Bonnaterre)." [Greenville, N.C.] : East Carolina University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10342/2726.
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Boechat, Maria Cecilia Bruzzi. "Na cena do crime: uma leitura de Bufo & Spallanzani, de Rubem Fonseca." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/BUBD-9E5HKC.
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Analyse du roman Bufo & Spallanzani, de Rubem Fonseca, dans le but d'etudier I'appropria - tion du code du roman policier dans son articula tion avec des procédés métalinguistiques. Pour montrer comment le texte opere cette articulation, nous procédons, d'abord, ã une enquête sur le récit policier. Nous cherchons , d'autre part, de saisir les effets de ce jeu tex tuel dans son rapport avec le contexte, en essay ant de detacher la position de l'auteur face aux questions socio-politiques et culturelles qui sont posées à littérature brésillienne des années 80.Análise do romance Bufo & Spallanzani, de Rubem Fonseca, em que se estuda a apropriação do código da literatura policial e sua articulação com procedimentos metalingüísticos. Desenvolvendo uma discussão teórica sobre a narrativa policial, buscamos mostrar como o texto realiza essa articulação, ao mesmo tempo em que procuramos compreender os efeitos desse jogo textual em relação ao contexto em que se insere, na tentativa de apreender a posição do autor frente às questões sócio-políticas e culturais com que a literatura brasileira dos anos 80 se defronta.
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Lopes, Joana Vasconcelos. "A selectividade de presas pelo bufo-real (Bubo bubo) no sul de Portugal." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/17440.
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Este trabalho visa uma melhor compreensão acerca das preferências dietéticas e da selectividade de presas pelo bufo-real (Bubo bubo) no Sul de Portugal.
Foram analisadas e identificadas 8920 presas com base em rejeitos de presas recolhidos em 41 territórios, entre 1997 e 2012. Inferiu-se, quando possível, a idade, o sexo e a biomassa dos indivíduos.
Identificou-se um total de 77 espécies: 11 espécies não tinham ainda sido designadas como consumo do bufo-real na Península Ibérica. O consumo dietético incidiu sobretudo na classe dos mamíferos e das aves. Dentro dos mamíferos, as presas principais foram os lagomorfos, nomeadamente coelho-bravo e lebre-ibérica. Os dados obtidos sugerem que a abundância de coelho-bravo influencia a predação de outros grupos taxonómicos; revelam também uma preferência elevada por lebre-ibérica.
O aspecto mais inovador deste trabalho prende-se com o estudo da selectividade intra-específica de algumas espécies consumidas: coelho, lebre, ratazanas, perdiz e ouriço-cacheiro; PREY SELECTION BY EURASIAN EAGL-OWL (BUBO BUBO) IN SOUTHERN PORTUGAL
ABSTRACT:
This work aims at a better understanding of dietary preferences and selectivity of prey by the Eurasian Eagle-Owls (Bubo bubo) in southern Portugal.
A total of 8920 prey was analysed and identified using prey remains collected in
41 territories, between 1997 and 2012. It was inferred whenever possible the age, sex and biomass of individuals.
Seventy-seven species were identified: 11 species have not yet been designated as a Eurasian Eagle-Owl’s prey in Iberian Peninsula. The dietary intake was mainly focused on the class of mammals and birds. Inside mammals, the main prey were lagomorphs, including wild rabbit and Iberian hare. The results suggest that the abundance of wild rabbit influences the predation on other taxonomic groups; also indicates a high preference for Iberian hare.
The most innovate aspect of this work is related to the study of intra-specific selectivity of some species: rabbit, hare, rats, red-legged partridge and hedgehog.
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Oromí, Farrús Neus. "Latitudinal and altitudinal variation of life history traits in natterjack toads (Bufo calamita): genetic adaptation vs. phenotypic plasticity." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/51584.
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Guscio, C. Gregory. "Responses of western toads (Bufo boreas) to changes in terrestrial habitat resulting from wildfire." The University of Montana, 2007. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-06092007-094115/.
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