Relevant bibliographies by topics / Buffalo Library (Buffalo, N.Y.)

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters

Academic literature on the topic 'Buffalo Library (Buffalo, N.Y.)'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Buffalo Library (Buffalo, N.Y.).'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Journal articles on the topic "Buffalo Library (Buffalo, N.Y.)"

1

Kuhnova, S. "DEREK N. C. WOOD, 'Exiled from Light': Divine Law, Morality, and Violence in Milton's Samson Agonistes. Pp. xxii + 247. Toronto, Buffalo, London: University of Toronto Press, 2001. 35.00 (ISBN 0 8020 4848 X)." Notes and Queries 53, no. 1 (2006): 116–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/notesj/gjj169.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Sun, Ting, Guangyun Huang, Junli Sun, et al. "Mitogenome Diversity and Maternal Origins of Guangxi Buffalo Breeds." Animals 10, no. 4 (2020): 547. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10040547.

Full text
Abstract:
Guangxi Province, in the southwest of China, is one of the putative migratory corridors or domestication centers for swamp buffalo. In this study, we investigated the evolutionary status of two Guangxi native buffalo breeds (Fuzhong buffalo, n = 15; Xilin buffalo, n = 25) based on the complete mitogenome sequencing. Our results revealed rich genetic diversity in the two buffalo breeds. We detected five haplogroups (SA1, SA2, SB1, SB2, SB3) in the two Guangxi buffalo breeds, and the haplogroup SB3 in the Fuzhong buffalo. Our results showed that the haplogroup SA1 was associated with the major d
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Islam, Md Ariful, Laboni Akter, Mst Minara Khatun, and Md Ariful Islam. "Seroprevalence of Brucellosis and Its Associated Risk Factors in Bovine at Greater Mymensingh District of Bangladesh." Microbes and Health 2, no. 1 (2014): 12–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/mh.v2i1.17256.

Full text
Abstract:
Brucellosis is a zoonotic bacterial disease of humans and animals caused by Gram negative bacteria of the genus Brucella. The study was conducted to determine the sero-prevalence of brucellosis and its associated risk factors in cattle and buffalo in greater Mymensingh district, Bangladesh. Blood samples were collected from cattle (n=150) and buffalo (n=60). Sera were tested for Brucella specific antibody by the rose Bengal plate test (RBPT). Overall prevalence of brucellosis was 15.33% in cattle and 13.33% in buffalo. Higher prevalence was recorded in cattle and buffalo of over 4 years age (1
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Mwamuye, Micky M., David Odongo, Yvette Kazungu, et al. "Variant analysis of the sporozoite surface antigen gene reveals that asymptomatic cattle from wildlife-livestock interface areas in northern Tanzania harbour buffalo-derived T. parva." Parasitology Research 119, no. 11 (2020): 3817–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00436-020-06902-1.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract Buffalo-derived Theileria parva can ‘break through’ the immunity induced by the infection and treatment vaccination method (ITM) in cattle. However, no such ‘breakthroughs’ have been reported in northern Tanzania where there has been long and widespread ITM use in pastoralist cattle, and the Cape buffalo (Syncerus caffer) is also present. We studied the exposure of vaccinated and unvaccinated cattle in northern Tanzania to buffalo-derived T. parva using p67 gene polymorphisms and compared this to its distribution in vaccinated cattle exposed to buffalo-derived T. parva in central Keny
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

PRIYADARSHINI, SUBHADRA, and VINOD K. KANSAL. "Purification, characterization, antibacterial activity and N-terminal sequencing of buffalo-milk lysozyme." Journal of Dairy Research 69, no. 3 (2002): 419–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002202990200554x.

Full text
Abstract:
Lysozyme from buffalo milk was purified to homogeneity and its N-terminal amino acid sequence, biochemical properties and antibacterial spectrum were determined. The purification procedure, comprising ion-exchange chromatography using CM-cellulose and size-exclusion chromatography using Sephadex G-50, conferred 8622-fold purification and 39·3% recovery of lysozyme. The purified enzyme migrated as a single band on sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and native PAGE. Immunological purity of lysozyme preparation was confirmed by immuno-electrophoresis. Molecular
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Ulum, Mokhamad Fakhrul, Hammada Raudlowi, and Rantan Krisnan. "Ultrasonography of udder parenchymal tissue of Murrah and Swamp buffalo calves." Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner 22, no. 2 (2018): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.14334/jitv.v22i2.1629.

Full text
Abstract:
The examination of udder through a parameter such as parenchymal tissue (PAR) and mammary fat pads (MFP) can be used to evaluate health status and the development of mammary gland. This research was conducted to evaluate the PAR and MFP of Murrah (n=4) and Swamp (n=4) buffalo heifer calve udder using brightness-mode ultrasonography transcutaneously. Eight buffalo consisted of Murrah (n=4) and Swamp (n=4) buffalo aged of six months old reared at Indonesian Research Institute for Animal Production, Ciawi, Bogor were used this study. Ultrasonography imaging was performed on the udder nipple for t
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Winkelstein, Warren. "STUDY OF BLOOD PRESSURE IN BUFFALO, N. Y.*." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 107, no. 2 (2006): 570–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1963.tb13301.x.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Conrad, P. A., O. K. Ole-Moiyoi, C. L. Baldwin, et al. "Characterization of buffalo-derived theilerial parasites with monoclonal antibodies and DNA probes." Parasitology 98, no. 2 (1989): 179–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182000062089.

Full text
Abstract:
SUMMARYThe characteristics of intra-lymphocytic Theileria isolated from African buffalo and from cattle that were infected with buffalo-derived parasites were evaluated using anti-schizont monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and DNA probes. Antigenic differences were revealed by the reactivities of 27 mAbs with the buffalo-derived parasites isolated from different animals. Antigenic diversity was also seen with Theileria-infected lymphoblastoid cell isolates taken from the lymph nodes and blood of the same animals. Two DNA probes, selected from a genomic library of T. parva piroplasm DNA cloned in λg
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Bradley, Carol June, and James Coover. "The Genesis of a Music Library: SUNY at Buffalo." Notes 57, no. 1 (2000): 21–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/not.2000.0010.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Li, Shanshan, Ling Li, Qingkun Zeng, Jianxin Liu, and Daxi Ren. "Separation and quantification of milk casein from different buffalo breeds." Journal of Dairy Research 83, no. 3 (2016): 317–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029916000455.

Full text
Abstract:
Understanding the milk protein expression profile in different buffalo breeds plays an important role in improving hybrid selection and determining the effects on milk protein synthesis. The aim of this research is to compare the differences in milk protein content, composition and distribution between River buffalo and their crossbreeds for hybrid screening. Four groups of milk samples that included Nili-Ravi (N), Murrah (M), a Nili-Ravi-Murrah crossbreed (M-N), and a crossbreed of river buffalo with local swamp buffalo (C) were collected. The protein composition of the buffalo milk was deter
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Buffalo Library (Buffalo, N.Y.)"

1

Nek, Petronella Susanna. "Identifisering van risikofaktore wat bydra tot seksuele misbruik van kleuters in 'n informele nedersetting in Buffalo City / P.S. Nel." Thesis, North-West University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/9684.

Full text
Abstract:
Sexual abuse of children is a reality that occurs in communities on a daily basis. In a specific informal settlement in Buffalo City, where the researcher has previously worked as social worker, statistics showed that children in their early childhood are the most vulnerable to sexual abuse. The parents' socio-economic circumstances lead to inadequate protection and security for their minor children, making them vulnerable to sexual abuse. Research shows that each community has specific risk and protection factors in respect of sexual abuse. The aim of this study was to explore and describe th
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Books on the topic "Buffalo Library (Buffalo, N.Y.)"

1

S, Wheeler Richard. The buffalo commons. Forge, 1998.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

S, Wheeler Richard. The buffalo commons. Thorndike Press, 1999.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Rounds, Joseph B. The time was right: A history of the Buffalo and Erie County Public Library, 1940-1975. Grosvenor Society, 1985.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Kuyt, E. Aerial radio-tracking of whooping cranes migrating between Wood Buffalo National Park and Aransas National Wildlife Refuge, 1981-84. Canadian Wildlife Service, 1992.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Lee, Patti Meyer. Don't bother knockin'-- this town's a rockin': A history of traditional rhythm and blues & early rock 'n' roll in Buffalo, New York. Buffalo Sounds Press, 2001.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Heim, Mary Ellen. Open twenty-four hours: A case study. Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois, 1990.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Heim, Mary Ellen. Open twenty-four hours: A case study. Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois, 1990.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Heim, Mary Ellen. Open twenty-four hours: A case study. University of Illinois, Graduate School of Library and Information Science, 1990.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Davidson, Laura. A list of the books in the library of Hotel Pennsylvania: Hotel Pennsylvania, New York, Hotels Statler, Buffalo, Cleveland, Detroit, St. Louis, Boston. Laura Davidson, 2005.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Gallitto, Rob. Modern technology and paranormal research. Createspace Independent Publishing Platform], 2012.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Book chapters on the topic "Buffalo Library (Buffalo, N.Y.)"

1

Hwang, Sungsoon, and Jean-Claude Thill. "Influence of Job Accessibility on Housing Market Processes: Study of Spatial Stationarity in the Buffalo and Seattle Metropolitan Areas." In GeoJournal Library. Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-8572-6_19.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Zimmerman, Claire. "Anticipating Images." In Buffalo at the Crossroads. Cornell University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501749766.003.0008.

Full text
Abstract:
This chapter begins with a newspaper ad placed at the beginning of the previous century that depicted the newly constructed George N. Pierce manufacturing plant at Buffalo. It describes the plant as a new kind of industrial architecture that satisfied the demands of rapid technological change in the United States over the last decades of the nineteenth century and the first decades of the twentieth century. It also talks about the growth of US industry in the early twentieth century that coupled market capitalism with scientific optimization moderated by Progressive Era reforms. The chapter reviews the industry that came into being in the United States in the wake of a “Second Industrial Revolution,” which was produced by the architecture firm of Albert Kahn Associates. It considers the historical resource that photographs constitute from the archives of the US industrial architecture under construction between 1905 and 1945 in the Detroit area collections.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

"Invasive Asian Carps in North America." In Invasive Asian Carps in North America, edited by Leo G. Nico, Amanda Demopoulos, Daniel Gualtieri, and Carla Wieser. American Fisheries Society, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874233.ch8.

Full text
Abstract:
<em>Abstract</em>.—The black carp <em>Mylopharyngodon piceus </em>is a large (>1 m long) riverine fish from eastern Asia introduced into the United States via the aquaculture industry. A wild population has been present in the lower Mississippi River basin since the early 1990s, but little is known about the ecological effect of black carp in invaded environments. In its native range, black carp feed almost exclusively on mollusks. In U.S. waters, they likely prey on native mussels, but few wild-caught specimens have been examined by biologists and all have had empty gastrointestinal tracts. In lieu of stomach content data, we examined isotopic values (δ<sup>13</sup>C and δ <sup>15</sup>N) and mercury (Hg) concentrations in muscle tissue of black carp and 10 other large nonnative and native fish species captured in the Red–Atchafalaya River system of Louisiana, USA. Trophic position estimates derived from δ <sup>15</sup>N values ranged from 2.0 for grass carp <em>Ctenopharyngodon idella </em>to 4.8 for blue catfish <em>Ictalurus furcatus </em>and flathead catfish <em>Pylodictis olivaris</em>. Adult black carp had a δ <sup>15</sup>N value (13.2‰), indicating a trophic level of 3.5. Mean total Hg concentrations ranged from 0.02 µg/g in grass carp to 0.27 µg/g in bigmouth buffalo <em>Ictiobus cyprinellus</em>, in black carp 0.17 µg/g; Hg increased with increasing δ <sup>15</sup>N, indicating biomagnification. The limited numbers of taxa and small samples sizes, as well as constraints in methods used, do not allow confirmation that wild black carp are consuming native mollusks. However, our stable isotope results do provide evidence that its diet is similar to other large fish species inhabiting the Red–Atchafalaya system considered to be benthic invertivores, including some known to prey on freshwater mollusks (i.e., smallmouth buffalo <em>I. bubalus </em>and nonnative common carp <em>Cyprinus carpio</em>).
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

"Invasive Asian Carps in North America." In Invasive Asian Carps in North America, edited by Leo G. Nico, Amanda Demopoulos, Daniel Gualtieri, and Carla Wieser. American Fisheries Society, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874233.ch8.

Full text
Abstract:
<em>Abstract</em>.—The black carp <em>Mylopharyngodon piceus </em>is a large (>1 m long) riverine fish from eastern Asia introduced into the United States via the aquaculture industry. A wild population has been present in the lower Mississippi River basin since the early 1990s, but little is known about the ecological effect of black carp in invaded environments. In its native range, black carp feed almost exclusively on mollusks. In U.S. waters, they likely prey on native mussels, but few wild-caught specimens have been examined by biologists and all have had empty gastrointestinal tracts. In lieu of stomach content data, we examined isotopic values (δ<sup>13</sup>C and δ <sup>15</sup>N) and mercury (Hg) concentrations in muscle tissue of black carp and 10 other large nonnative and native fish species captured in the Red–Atchafalaya River system of Louisiana, USA. Trophic position estimates derived from δ <sup>15</sup>N values ranged from 2.0 for grass carp <em>Ctenopharyngodon idella </em>to 4.8 for blue catfish <em>Ictalurus furcatus </em>and flathead catfish <em>Pylodictis olivaris</em>. Adult black carp had a δ <sup>15</sup>N value (13.2‰), indicating a trophic level of 3.5. Mean total Hg concentrations ranged from 0.02 µg/g in grass carp to 0.27 µg/g in bigmouth buffalo <em>Ictiobus cyprinellus</em>, in black carp 0.17 µg/g; Hg increased with increasing δ <sup>15</sup>N, indicating biomagnification. The limited numbers of taxa and small samples sizes, as well as constraints in methods used, do not allow confirmation that wild black carp are consuming native mollusks. However, our stable isotope results do provide evidence that its diet is similar to other large fish species inhabiting the Red–Atchafalaya system considered to be benthic invertivores, including some known to prey on freshwater mollusks (i.e., smallmouth buffalo <em>I. bubalus </em>and nonnative common carp <em>Cyprinus carpio</em>).
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Taber, Douglass. "New Methods for C-N Ring Construction." In Organic Synthesis. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199764549.003.0055.

Full text
Abstract:
Chaozhong Li of the Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry demonstrated (Organic Lett. 2008, 10, 4037) facile and selective Cu-catalyzed β-lactam formation, converting 1 to 2. Paul Helquist of the University of Notre Dame devised (Organic Lett. 2008, 10, 3903) an effective catalyst for intramolecular alkyne hydroamination, converting 3 into the imine 4. Six-membered ring construction worked well also. Jon T. Njardarson of Cornell University found (Organic Lett. 2008, 10, 5023) a Cu catalyst for the rearrangement of alkenyl aziridines such as 5 to the pyrroline 6. Philippe Karoyan of the UPMC, Paris developed (J. Org. Chem. 2008, 73, 6706) an interesting chiral auxiliary directed cascade process, converting the simple precursor 7 into the complex pyrrolidine 9. Sherry R. Chemler of the State University of New York, Buffalo devised (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008, 130, 17638) a chiral Cu catalyst for the cyclization of 10, to give 12 with substantial enantiocontrol. Wei Wang of the University of New Mexico demonstrated (Chem. Commun. 2008, 5636) the organocatalyzed condensation of 13 and 14 to give 16 with high enantio- and diastereocontrol. Two complementary routes to azepines/azepinones have appeared. F. Dean Toste of the University of California, Berkeley showed (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008, 130, 9244) that a gold complex catalyzed the condensation of 17 and 18 to give 19. Frederick G. West of the University of Alberta found (Organic Lett. 2008, 10, 3985) that lactams such as 20 could be ring-expanded by the addition of the propiolate anion 21. Takeo Kawabata of Kyoto University extended (Organic Lett . 2008, 10, 3883) “memory of chirality” studies to the cyclization of 23, demonstrating that 24 was formed in high ee. Paul V. Murphy of University College Dublin took advantage (Organic Lett . 2008, 10, 3777) of the well-known intramolecular addition of azides to alkenes, showing that the intermediate could be intercepted with nucleophiles such as thiophenol, to give the cyclized product 26 with high diastereocontrol.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Lambert, Tristan H. "New Methods for C–N Ring Construction." In Organic Synthesis. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190200794.003.0055.

Full text
Abstract:
The reduction of pyridines offers an attractive approach to piperidine synthesis, and now Toshimichi Ohmura and Michinori Suginome of Kyoto University have developed (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134, 3699) a rhodium-catalyzed hydroboration of pyridines, including the reaction of 1 to produce 3. Timothy J. Donohoe at the University of Oxford has found (Org. Lett. 2011, 13, 2074) that pyridinium silanes 4 undergo intramolecular hydride transfer by treatment with TBAF to produce dihydropyridones (e.g., 5) with good diastereoselectivity. Enantioselective amination of allylic alcohols has proven challenging, but Ross A. Widenhoefer at Duke University has reported (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2012, 51, 1405) that a chiral gold catalyst can effect such intramolecular cyclizations with good enantioselectivity, as in the synthesis of 7 from 6. Alternatively, Masato Kitamura at Nagoya University has developed (Org. Lett. 2012, 14, 608) a ruthenium catalyst that operates at as low as 0.05 mol% loading for the conversion of substrates such as 8 to 9. Efforts to replace transition metal catalysts with alkaline earth metal-based alternatives have been gaining increasing attention, and Kai C. Hultzsch at Rutgers University has found (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2012, 51, 394) that the magnesium complex 12 is capable of catalyzing intramolecular hydroamination (e.g., 10 to 11) with high enantioselectivity. Meanwhile, a stereoselective Wacker-type oxidation of tert-butanesulfinamides such as 13 to produce pyrrolidine derivatives 14 has been disclosed (Org. Lett. 2012, 14, 1242) by Shannon S. Stahl at the University of Wisconsin at Madison. Though highly desirable, Heck reactions have rarely proven feasible with alkyl halides due to competitive β-hydride elimination of the alkyl palladium intermediates. Sherry R. Chemler at the State University of New York at Buffalo has demonstrated (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134, 2020) a copper-catalyzed enantioselective amination Heck-type cascade (e.g., 15 and 16 to 17) that is thought to proceed via radical intermediates. David L. Van Vranken at the University of California at Irvine has reported (Org. Lett. 2012, 14, 3233) the carbenylative amination of N-tosylhydrazones, which proceeds through η3-allyl Pd intermediates constructed via carbene insertion. This chemistry was applied to the two-step synthesis of caulophyllumine B from vinyl iodide 18 and N-tosylhydrazone 19.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Taber, Douglass F. "C-N Ring Construction: The Zakarian Synthesis of (-)-Rhazinilam." In Organic Synthesis. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199965724.003.0055.

Full text
Abstract:
William D. Wulff of Michigan State University developed (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, 132, 13100; Org. Lett. 2010, 12, 4908) a general enantio- and diastereocontrolled route from an imine 1 to the aziridine 3. Craig W. Lindsley of Vanderbilt University established (Org. Lett. 2010, 12, 3276) a complementary approach (not illustrated). Joseph P. Konopelski of the University of California, Santa Cruz, designed (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, 132, 11379) a practical and inexpensive flow apparatus for the cyclization of 4 to the β-lactam 5. Manas K. Ghorai of the Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, showed (J. Org. Chem. 2010, 75, 6173) that an aziridine 6 could be opened with malonate to give the γ-lactam 8. John P. Wolfe of the University of Michigan devised (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, 132, 12157) a Pd catalyst for the enantioselective cyclization of 9 to 11. Sherry R. Chemler of the State University of New York at Buffalo observed (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2010, 49, 6365) that the cyclization of 12 to 14 proceeded with high diastereoselectivity. Glenn M. Sammis of the University of British Columbia devised (Synlett 2010, 3035) conditions for the radical cyclization of 15 to 16. Jeffrey S. Johnson of the University of North Carolina observed (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, 132, 9688) that the opening of racemic 17 with 18 could be effected with high ee. The residual 17 was highly enriched in the nonreactive enantiomer. Kevin D. Moeller of Washington University found (Org. Lett . 2010, 12, 5174) that the n -BuLi catalyzed cyclization of 20 set the quaternary center of 21 with high relative control. Yujiro Hayashi of the Tokyo University of Science, using the diphenyl prolinol TMS ether that he developed as an organocatalyst, designed (Org. Lett. 2010, 12, 4588) the sequential four-component coupling of 22, 23, benzaldehyde imine, and allyl silane to give 24 with high relative and absolute stereocontrol. Derrick L. J. Clive of the University of Alberta showed (J. Org. Chem. 2010, 75, 5223) that 25, prepared in enantiomerically pure form from serine, participated smoothly in the Claisen rearrangement, to deliver 27.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Hart, Richard H. "Land-Use History on the Shortgrass Steppe." In Ecology of the Shortgrass Steppe. Oxford University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195135824.003.0008.

Full text
Abstract:
As described in chapter 1 of this volume, the grasslands of central North America began to expand at the end of the Wisconsin period (about 10,000 years BP), and continued their expansion through the warming trend that persisted until about 3000 years BP, occupying their maximum territory at that time (Dix, 1964). Currently, the region still supports trees on escarpments, along streams, and at other sites protected from fire, but centuries ago, fires caused by lightning or kindled by Native Americans may have eliminated relict stands of forest and savanna on the open plains. Large browsers and grazers also may have played a part in eliminating trees as well as grasses sensitive to grazing pressure (Axelrod, 1985). Throughout millennia, bison in particular were likely to have shaped the plant communities of the shortgrass steppe, and thus were an essential component of the system (Larson, 1940). Bison appeared as early as 300,000 years BP; bison, mammoths, mastodons, camels, horses, and other grazers were numerous by 20,000 years BP. Humans arrived in North America perhaps as early as 60,000 years BP, but certainly by 15,000 years ago. Fires and bison may have achieved maximum impact as recently as the past 500 years (Axelrod, 1985; Looman, 1977). The roles of climate, fire, and grazing in the development of North American grasslands have been examined by Ellison (1960), Coupland (1979), Dyer et al. (1982), Anderson (1982), and Tetlyanova et al. (1990). The earliest known human sites on the shortgrass steppe date to about 13,000 years BP (Wedel, 1 979) and a re f ound i n the vicinity o f fossil g lacial l akes. The population of these mammoth hunters was apparently sparse and scattered. Soon after 11,000 years BP, many of the large mammalian species such as the mammoth, native horse, camel, and ground sloth vanished, and the hunters turned to bison. Bone beds representing mass kills of bison have been found below buffalo jumps (Fig. 4.1) and even in the remains of wood or stone corrals, but single kills must have been much more common.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
You might also be interested in the extended bibliographies on the topic 'Buffalo Library (Buffalo, N.Y.)' for particular source types:
Journal articles Books
We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!

To the bibliography