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Journal articles on the topic 'Buffer capacity'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 28 May 2022

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1

Chiriac, Veronica, and Gabriel Balea. "Buffer Index and Buffer Capacity for a Simple Buffer Solution." Journal of Chemical Education 74, no. 8 (August 1997): 937. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed074p937.

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2

Van Vooren, L., M. Van De Steene, J. P. Ottoy, and P. A. Vanrolleghem. "Automatic buffer capacity model building for the purpose of water quality monitoring." Water Science and Technology 43, no. 7 (April 1, 2001): 105–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0400.

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In this paper, buffer capacity profiles are used in the framework of automatic monitoring of water quality. The aim of the proposed methodology is to automatically and stepwise build buffer capacity models for each particular titrated sample, and to quantify the individual buffer systems that constitute the total buffer capacity. An automatic and robust model building algorithm has been developed and applied to many titration curves of effluent and river water samples. It is illustrated that the application of automatically built buffer capacity models mostly results in similar or better estimations of ammonium and ortho-phosphate in the samples compared to a priori fixed buffer capacity models. The automatic modelling approach is also advantageous for alarm generating purposes on e.g. river waters, because unexpected buffers are easily detected.

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3

Kim, Namwook, and Yeong-il Park. "Collision tests and model development of a train coupling system using a high-capacity energy absorber." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 232, no. 9 (April 9, 2018): 2215–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954409718766930.

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This study aims to provide a process for the development of a train collision model that can evaluate the performance of buffers in the coupling system of railway vehicles. The model development process is completed by testing the buffer systems, analyzing the test results, and generating empirical models based on the analyzed results. In the analysis, it is shown that the behavior of the rubber buffer and the high-capacity buffer is well reproduced by the empirical models. A simulation model developed from the process is not only able to produce response behaviors of the buffers that are close to the test results, but is also able to estimate the maximum energy within a 2% error for the rubber buffer and a 4% error for the high-capacity buffer. The validated model can be used in extended systems – when multiple trains are connected through buffer systems – to evaluate the applied force or the absorbed energy on buffer systems, to optimize the configuration of the coupling systems or to evaluate the performance of the buffers under different collision conditions.

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4

Dang, YP, RC Dalal, DG Edwards, and KG Tiller. "Zinc buffer capacity of vertisols." Soil Research 32, no. 6 (1994): 1231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9941231.

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The soil Zn buffer capacity is an important factor that regulates the concentration of plant-available Zn in soil solution. It is measured variously as Zn buffer power, Zn sorption or Zn desorption capacity. This study was conducted to determine Zn buffer power, and Zn sorption capacity and Zn desorption capacity in Vertisols as influenced by soil properties. The Zn buffer power, defined as the slope of the line relating soil solution Zn concentration to DTPA-extractable Zn, varied from 217 to 790. Soil pH was found to be the major soil parameter responsible for the variation in Zn buffer power. The sorption of Zn by these Vertisols was satisfactorily described by the Freundlich equation. The calculated values of the Freundlich parameters were closely related to the soil pH and amorphous Al and Fe content. Desorption of Zn by a series of successive extractions with DTPA was described by the Mitscherlich equation. The calculated values of desorption capacity were negatively correlated with soil pH and positively correlated with the contents of Al and Fe oxides. Work published elsewhere showed that the parameters of both the Zn buffer power and Zn desorption capacity accounted for as much as 62% of the variation in relative yield of wheat from Zn application to Vertisols.

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5

MIYAGAWA, Kinjiro, and Atsuko NAMBA. "Buffer capacity of cow's milk." NIPPON SHOKUHIN KOGYO GAKKAISHI 35, no. 6 (1988): 417–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3136/nskkk1962.35.6_417.

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6

HILL, A. R., D. M. IRVINE, and D. H. BULLOCK. "Buffer Capacity of Cheese Wheys." Journal of Food Science 50, no. 3 (May 1985): 733–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1985.tb13784.x.

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7

Fishtik, Ilie. "Generalized Approach to Buffer Capacity." Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie 205, Part_2 (January 1998): 253–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1524/zpch.1998.205.part_2.253.

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8

Bush, Stephen F., Joseph B. Evans, and Victor Frost. "Mobile ATM buffer capacity analysis." Mobile Networks and Applications 1, no. 1 (February 1996): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01342733.

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9

Grznár, Patrik, Štefan Mozol, Vladimír Vavrík, Gabriela Gabajová, and Beáta Furmannová. "Concept of Reconfigurability in Interoperation Manufacturing Buffers for Smart Factory." Quality Production Improvement - QPI 1, no. 1 (July 1, 2019): 575–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cqpi-2019-0077.

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Abstract In this article, it is described how the reconfigurable inter-operational buffers system built on the Digital Twin platform. Interoperating production buffers are now widely used in production. Their effect on the production system can be seen in decreasing downtime. From a cost-based point of view, the interoperating production buffers may generate a gain from the reduction in the volume of work-in-process, with which we increase production performance. This ratio depends on the average number of products that the buffers contain. The average number of pieces in the buffer is limited by the capacity of the buffer. The impact of turbulence in production is seen precisely on the average content of inter-operational production buffers. If we want to maintain work-in-process on optimal values, it is necessary to calculate and maintain the optimal capacity of each interoperating production buffer on the line. In the context of Smart Factory, it is currently possible that the current capacity of the interoperating production buffers is maintained according to the current state of production. In the subject system, real production facilities communicate with each other through the IoT as autonomous agents, which are decided on the basis of a formula to calculate the optimal capacity of the buffers, the prediction of faults and negotiation, thus actively maintaining the optimal capacity of intermediate operating production buffers for Smart Factory support.

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10

Urbansky, Edward T., and Michael R. Schock. "Understanding, Deriving, and Computing Buffer Capacity." Journal of Chemical Education 77, no. 12 (December 2000): 1640. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed077p1640.

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11

Russo, Steven O., and George I. H. Hanania. "Buffer capacity: An undergraduate laboratory experiment." Journal of Chemical Education 64, no. 9 (September 1987): 817. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed064p817.

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12

Ashley, R. H. "Buffer capacity of intracellular Ca2+ indicators." Biochemical Journal 240, no. 1 (November 15, 1986): 310–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2400310.

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13

Krizanc, Danny. "Oblivious routing with limited buffer capacity." Journal of Computer and System Sciences 43, no. 2 (October 1991): 317–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-0000(91)90017-y.

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14

ZHANG, Yan-Ni, Xiao SHANG, Hui WANG, and Xuan-Feng YUE. "A Buffer with Constant Buffer Capacity in a Wide pH Range." University Chemistry 32, no. 7 (2017): 88–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3866/pku.dxhx201701001.

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15

Karow, Anne R., Sven Bahrenburg, and Patrick Garidel. "Buffer capacity of biologics-from buffer salts to buffering by antibodies." Biotechnology Progress 29, no. 2 (March 2013): 480–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/btpr.1682.

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16

Bujňák, Lukáš, Iveta Maskaľová, and Vladimír Vajda. "Determination of buffering capacity of selected fermented feedstuffs and the effect of dietary acid-base status on ruminal fluid pH." Acta Veterinaria Brno 80, no. 3 (2011): 269–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2754/avb201180030269.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the buffering capacity of some fermented feedstuffs and the effect of dietary acid-base status on ruminal fluid pH. The first experiment was performed with different types (n = 24) of wet and dry fermented feedstuffs to determine the buffering capacity and buffer value index. The buffer value index of wet corn silages was more negative than for dry corn silages account on acid loss during drying. In the second experiment, the effects of different concentrations of lactic acid on base-buffering capacity, buffer value index and indicators of fermentation process were studied in two groups of corn silages (n = 21). Two groups of analyzed values were compared using unpaired t-test. Differences among the groups in base-buffering capacity (P < 0.001) and buffer value index (P < 0.01) were significant. In the third experiment, rumen fluid pH was measured using 8 total mixed rations on 48 lactating dairy cows. In the present study no significant (P > 0.05) correlation was found between ruminal pH and dietary buffer value index. These results confirmed that dietary acid-base status alone is not adequate as a predictor of the need for buffers in the diet of lactating cows. It is the first report about using of buffering capacity determination methods for evaluation of feedstuffs and dietary acid-base status in dairy cows.

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17

Sungkar, Suzanna, Santi Chismirina, Abdillah Imron Nasution, and Husnul Khatimah Imaduddin. "The Effect of Cheese and Milk on Buffering Capacity of Saliva in Children 10-12 Years." Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering 48 (November 2020): 105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jbbbe.48.105.

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Saliva have significant roles in maintaining the health of oral cavity. Salivary flow and composition of saliva play a critical role. Saliva also serves as buffer system. Increasing the salivary flow will increase salivary buffer capacity and pH of saliva. Salivary buffer capacity serves to protect the teeth from the acid that comes from food which is formed by acidogenic microorganisms. Milk and dairy are good diet for children that recommended by American Heart Association (AHA). Cheese as one of dairy mild can increase the salivary flow, that help keep the dental hygiene, and prevent bacteria sticking to the teeth. The aim of the study was to identify the effect of cheese and milk consumption on salivary buffer capacity of students aged 10-12 year at Sekolah Dasar Negeri 57 Banda Aceh. Salivary buffer capacity after consume cheese measured after chewing cheese 4 gram about 32 times whereas salivary buffer capacity after consume milk consumption was measured after gargling 25 ml milk 34 times. Salivary buffer capacity measured with Saliva-check buffer (GC). Results of Wilcoxon test showed significant differences (p<0.05) salivary buffer capacity after consumption of milk compared with cheese. Capacity buffer salivary after consumption of cheese higher than milk. In conclusion, cheese and milk consumption have effect on salivary buffer capacity. Salivary buffer capacity after cheese consumption is higher than after milk consumption.

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18

Wasserman, K. M., and Nicholas Bambos. "Optimal Server Allocation to Parallel Queues with Finite-Capacity Buffers." Probability in the Engineering and Informational Sciences 10, no. 2 (April 1996): 279–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269964800004332.

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In this paper, we study the problem of dynamic allocation of a single server to parallel queues with finite-capacity buffers. The arrival processes are mutually independent, equal rate Poisson processes, and the service times are independent and identically distributed random variables with an arbitrary distribution. We are interested in characterizing the allocation policy that stochastically minimizes the number of customers lost due to buffer overflows. Using a coupling argument, we establish the optimality of the Fewest-Empty-Spaces policy, which allocates the server to the queue with the fewest empty buffer spaces, within the class of nonpreemptive and nonidling policies. The result extends to the class of preemptive policies, if the service times are exponentially distributed. We also briefly discuss the allocation problem under more general statistical assumptions on the arrival processes.

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19

Lokshina, Izabella V., and Michael R. Bartolacci. "Buffer overflow simulation in self-similar queuing networks with finite buffer capacity." International Journal of Mobile Network Design and Innovation 5, no. 3 (2014): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijmndi.2014.065744.

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20

Graber, M., J. DiPaola, F. L. Hsiang, C. Barry, and E. Pastoriza. "Intracellular pH in the OK cell. I. Identification of H+ conductance and observations on buffering capacity." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 261, no. 6 (December 1, 1991): C1143—C1153. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1991.261.6.c1143.

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The regulation of intracellular pH (pHi) in the opossum kidney (OK) cell line was studied in vitro using the pH-sensitive excitation ratio of 2',7'-bis(2-carboxyethyl)-5(6)-carboxyfluorescein. Recovery from an NH4Cl acid load disclosed a Na-dependent component blocked by amiloride and a smaller Na-independent component. The Na-independent recovery rate was proportional to the H+ gradient from cell to buffer and was zero in the absence of an electrochemical gradient. The Na-independent recovery was not affected by N-ethylmaleimide, dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, HCO3, phloretin, or ZnCl2 but was accelerated in depolarized cells and by membrane-fluidizing drugs and was inhibited by glutaraldehyde. The apparent cellular buffering capacity changed in proportion to this H+ conductance. Consistent with an electrogenic H+ leak, steady-state cell pH alkalinized with depolarization and acidified with hyperpolarization. Removal of buffer Na+ produced a profound acidification, as did amiloride. In 0-Na+ buffers, extremely large cell-to-buffer H+ gradients were present and proportional to buffer pH. 4-Acetamido-4'-isothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid and 4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid had no effect on steady-state pHi. Measurements of intracellular buffering capacity were derived from the change of cell pH induced by withdrawing NH4Cl. This buffering capacity was increased threefold in Na-free buffers, whereas the value measured by direct titration of cell lysate was the same or less than that of control cells. The NH4Cl-derived buffering capacity varied in direct proportion to the magnitude of the H+ leak. Drugs that changed H+ permeability produced the apparent changes of the measured buffering capacity within a few minutes. We conclude that, in HCO3-free buffer, the OK cell uses two membrane acid-base transport pathways: a Na-H antiporter active at physiological pH and a substantial passive H+ conductance. The results also reveal that the NH4Cl-derived buffering capacity is subject to artifacts, possibly due to a finite leak of ionic NH4+.

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21

Fishtik, Ilie, and Igor Povar. "Buffer capacity in multiple chemical reaction systems involving solid phases." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 84, no. 8 (August 1, 2006): 1036–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v06-127.

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The buffer capacity of a chemical species in a multiple chemical reaction system is discussed in terms of a special class of stoichiometrically unique reactions referred to as response reactions (RERs). More specifically, it is shown that the buffer capacity may be partitioned into a sum of contributions associated with RERs. This finding provides a deeper understanding of the factors that determine the buffer capacity. In particular, the main contributions to the buffer capacity come from the RERs involving the most abundant species. Concomitantly, the RERs approach provides a simple stoichiometric algorithm for the derivation and analysis of the buffer capacity that may be easily implemented into a computer software.Key words: buffer capacity, response reaction, heterogeneous system, stoichiometric coefficient.

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22

Spinu, Oxana, and Igor Povar. "Buffer Capacity in Heterogeneous Multicomponent Systems. Review." Chemistry Journal of Moldova 10, no. 2 (December 2015): 8–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.19261/cjm.2015.10(2).01.

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23

Chydzinski, Andrzej. "Time to Reach Buffer Capacity in aBMAPQueue." Stochastic Models 23, no. 2 (May 8, 2007): 195–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15326340701300746.

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24

Yuan, Zhiguo, Shanshan Duan, Jingsong Shen, and Youzhi Liu. "Sulfur Capacity of Sodium Phosphate Buffer Solution." JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF JAPAN 52, no. 2 (February 20, 2019): 204–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1252/jcej.18we018.

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25

ERICSON, DAN, and DOUGLAS BRATTHALL. "Simplified method to estimate salivary buffer capacity." European Journal of Oral Sciences 97, no. 5 (October 1989): 405–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0722.1989.tb01453.x.

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26

Appel, J. A., D. M. Kaplan, L. B. Levit, W. D. Farb, and T. M. Napier. "A High Capacity FASTBUS Multiple Event Buffer." IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science 32, no. 1 (February 1985): 105–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tns.1985.4336802.

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27

Martin, G. E. "Optimal buffer storage capacity in unpaced lines." Computers & Industrial Engineering 18, no. 3 (January 1990): 401–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0360-8352(90)90062-q.

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28

Pertusatti, Jonas, and Alexandre G. S. Prado. "Buffer capacity of humic acid: Thermodynamic approach." Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 314, no. 2 (October 2007): 484–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2007.06.006.

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29

Michałowska-Kaczmarczyk, Anna M., and Tadeusz Michałowski. "Dynamic Buffer Capacity in Acid–Base Systems." Journal of Solution Chemistry 44, no. 6 (June 2015): 1256–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10953-015-0342-0.

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30

Asuero, Agustin G. "Buffer Capacity of a Polyprotic Acid: First Derivative of the Buffer Capacity andpKaValues of Single and Overlapping Equilibria." Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry 37, no. 4 (October 9, 2007): 269–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10408340701266238.

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31

Wang, Li, Zhonghe He, and Chi Zhang. "Stability of Switched Server Systems with Constraints on Service-Time and Capacity of Buffers." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/347931.

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The execution of emptying policy ensures the convergence of any solution to the system to a unique periodic orbit, which does not impose constraints on service-time and capacity of buffers. Motivated by these problems, in this paper, the service-time-limited policy is first proposed based on the information resulted from the periodic orbit under emptying policy, which imposes lower and upper bounds on emptying time for the queue in each buffer, by introducing lower-limit and upper-limit service-time factors. Furthermore, the execution of service-time-limited policy in the case of finite buffer capacity is considered. Moreover, the notion of feasibility of states under service-time-limited policy is introduced and then the checking condition for feasibility of states is given; that is, the solution does not exceed the buffer capacity within the first cycle of the server. At last, a sufficient condition for determining upper-limit service-time factors ensuring that the given state is feasible is given.

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32

Chang, Ping-Chen, Chia-Chun Wu, and Chin-Tan Lee. "System Reliability Estimation for a Manufacturing Network with Joint Buffers." International Journal of Reliability, Quality and Safety Engineering 25, no. 04 (June 6, 2018): 1850020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218539318500201.

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This paper develops a Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) approach to estimate the performance of a multistate manufacturing network (MMN) with joint buffers. In the MMN, products are allowed to be produced by two production lines with the same function to satisfy demand. A performance index, system reliability, is applied to estimate the probability that all workstations provide sufficient capacity to satisfy a specified demand and buffers possess adequate storage. The joint buffers with finite storage are considered in the MMN. That is, extra work-in-process output from different production lines can be stored in the same buffer. An MCS algorithm is proposed to generate the capacity state and to check the storage usage of buffers to evaluate whether the demand can be satisfied or not. System reliability of the MMN is estimated through this MCS algorithm. Besides, performability for demand pairs assigned to production lines can be obtained. A practical example of touch panel manufacturing system is used to demonstrate the applicability of the MCS approach. Experimental result shows that system reliability is overestimated when buffer storage is assumed to be infinite. Moreover, joint buffer for an MMN is more reliable than buffers are installed separately in different production lines.

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33

MORALES-RAYAS, ROCÍO, PETRA F. G. WOLFFS, and MANSEL W. GRIFFITHS. "Anion-Exchange Filtration and Real-Time PCR for the Detection of a Norovirus Surrogate in Food." Journal of Food Protection 72, no. 10 (October 1, 2009): 2178–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-72.10.2178.

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In the present study, nanoalumina filters were used as a sample preparation step for the concentration of a norovirus surrogate (murine norovirus 1) from food, and this was coupled with a two-step, real-time reverse transcriptase PCR for quantification. The nanoalumina medium was provided in a syringe-filter format, and its binding and elution capacities were tested with different buffers. Among the binding buffers tested (0.1 M Tris-HCl [pH 7.0] with 0.1% Tween 80, 0.1% 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)-dimethyl-ammonio]-1-propanesulfonate, or 1 M NaCl), no significant differences were found in the capture capacity of the nanoalumina filters, which was found to be as high as 99.8% of murine norovirus 1 present in the buffer. Elution of 50% of captured viral particles from the filters was possible by using glycine buffer. The desorption capacity of the binding buffers was tested on different inoculated food surfaces. Recoveries of up to 100% from lettuce, raspberries, strawberries, or mussels were obtained with 0.1 M Tris-HCl (pH 7.0) containing 1 M NaCl by using orbital shaking or pipetting. The latter method was more efficient and gave higher recoveries than did orbital shaking. The combination of an efficient desorption-binding-elution buffer with the high concentration capacity of the nanoalumina medium allowed the detection of 101 PFU from inoculated produce and 105 PFU from inoculated mussels.

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34

Bidani, A., and T. A. Heming. "Effects of perfusate buffer capacity on capillary CO2-HCO3(-)-H+ reactions: theory." Journal of Applied Physiology 71, no. 4 (October 1, 1991): 1460–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1991.71.4.1460.

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The importance of perfusate nonbicarbonate buffer capacity (beta nonHCO3) to intracapillary CO2-HCO3(-)-H+ reactions was assessed by theoretical analysis of CO2 exchange in saline-perfused pulmonary capillaries. Time courses for perfusate PCO2, [HCO3-], and [H+] were computed for capillaries containing different activities of luminal vascular carbonic anhydrase and different amounts of perfusate nonbicarbonate buffers. Mobilization of perfusate HCO3- toward CO2 during capillary transit is determined by the availability of HCO3- and H+. A supply of protons from the nonbicarbonate buffer pool is necessary to maintain a high rate of HCO3- dehydration. The analyses indicate that beta nonHCO3 has marked nonlinear effects on transcapillary CO2 exchange and intravascular pH equilibration. These nonlinear effects differ from those previously computed for CO2 reactions in an open system because the present model system consists of a sequential combination of open (within capillary proper) and closed (within postcapillary vasculature) systems. The role of luminal vascular carbonic anhydrase in capillary CO2 reactions is strongly dependent on beta nonHCO3. Perfusate nonbicarbonate buffer capacity must be considered when the results of experimental studies of transcapillary CO2 exchange and/or intravascular pH equilibration are interpreted.

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35

DEDE, T. I., J. U. AKPOKODJE, and P. I. ODILI. "SELECTION OF STORAGE MEDIA FOR PIG A.I. — LABORATORY METHODS FOR REGULATING THE ACIDITY AND OSMOLARITY OF STORAGE MEDIA FOR BOAR SEMEN." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 15 (January 5, 2021): 219–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v15i.1245.

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Simple laboratory methods were used to estimate optimal levels of acidity and osmolarity of four storage media for the boar semen. It was observed that above pH 7.0, less citric acid was needed for a unit change in pH of the sodium-citrate buffer, while above pH 8.0, more sodium carbonate and citric acid were needed for a unit change in the final Sodium-citrate buffered extender (Na-C), indicating high buffering capacity of this medium. The Glucose-glycine buffered extender (G-G), also required more sodium carbonate for a unit change of pH at above pH 6.5, also Indicating high buffering capacity of this medium. This was the same situation with the Tris-buffered extender (Tris), while the response with the Tissue - culture buffer extender (YCN) was always linear, indicating poor buffering capacity of the medium.

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36

Curtin, D., and H. P. W. Rostad. "Cation exchange and buffer potential of Saskatchewan soils estimated from texture, organic matter and pH." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 77, no. 4 (November 1, 1997): 621–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s97-015.

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Cation exchange capacity (CEC) data provide information on important chemical attributes of soil (e.g., ability of soil to retain cations against leaching and to buffer pH). Measurements of CEC are expensive to perform. Further, since CEC is dependent on measurement pH, CEC data are difficult to interpret, especially in the case of soils whose field pH is far removed from measurement pH. We analyzed a large data set (n = 1622), collected in support of soil survey activities in Saskatchewan, to develop a method of estimating CEC as a function of pH and to establish relationships between soil buffer capacity and properties such as texture and organic matter content. A regression equation with organic C and clay as independent variables explained 86% of the variability in CEC measured using BaCl2 buffered at pH 8.2. The CECs (at pH 8.2) of organic matter and clay were estimated at 2130 and 510 mmol (+) kg−1, respectively. About 15% of exchange sites were not accounted for by organic matter and clay and were assumed to reside in the fine silt fraction. The CEC at field pH, i.e., effective CEC (ECEC), was described (R2 = 0.86***) by a function based on the assumption that the ECECs of organic matter and clay increase linearly as pH increases to 8.2, where their values are 2130 and 510 mmol (+) kg−1, respectively. This relationship is especially useful because it enables soil CEC to be estimated at any pH based solely on organic matter and texture. Soil buffer capacity values were obtained by estimating the change in soil ECEC (or titratable acidity) needed to produce a unit change in pH. Buffer strength of clay was low [∼30–50 mmol (±) kg−1 (pH unit)−1]. Our estimates of organic matter buffer capacity [∼400 mmol (±) kg−1 (pH unit)−1] were consistent with published values. The results suggest that prairie soils that are low in organic matter may be susceptible to acidification even if clay content is relatively high. Key words: Buffered CEC, effective CEC, pH dependence of CEC, buffer capacity, titratable acidity

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37

Zamir, Rausan, Nazmul Islam, and M. F. Hossain. "Study on Buffering Capacity and Organic Matter of some Soil Samples from Rungicherra Tea-Estate, Bangladesh." International Letters of Natural Sciences 44 (July 2015): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.44.31.

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In this study, soil samples from three different hills of three topographic positions were evaluated on the basis of buffer capacity and organic matter. Maximum soil samples were found to have good buffer capacity where soil samples of topographical positions hill base and hill top showed maximum and minimum values respectively, leaving hill slope samples in medium value of buffer capacity. Our study suggested this variation of buffer capacity may be due to the differences of organic matter amongst the topographical positions and profiles.

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38

Dubrovskii, Alexey V., Aleksandr L. Kim, Egor V. Musin, Bulat R. Ramazanov, and Sergey A. Tikhonenko. "The Discovery of the Buffer Capacity of Various Types of Polyelectrolyte Microcapsules." Polymers 13, no. 22 (November 21, 2021): 4026. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13224026.

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Polyelectrolyte microcapsules, which are obtained by the method of alternate adsorption of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes onto colloidal particles of micron size, are widely used in science and industry. Nevertheless, the properties of microcapsules are still poorly understood. In particular, there is no information in the literature on the buffer capacity. However, information on the presence of a buffer capacity and an understanding of its mechanisms can both simplify the use of microcapsules and expand the scope of their application. In this regard, the buffer capacity of various types of microcapsules was studied. It was found that polyelectrolyte microcapsules consisting of polyallylamine, and polystyrene sulfonate have a buffer capacity. In addition, in an acidic medium, the buffer capacity of microcapsules containing BSA is significantly greater than that of microcapsules without protein. This is due to the fact that BSA contributes to the buffering of microcapsules. Differences in the behaviour of the buffer capacity of microcapsules with the composition (PAH/PSS)3 and (PSS/PAH)3 were found. In addition, a hypothesis has been proposed that regions of unbound polyallylamine are responsible for the buffering properties of polyelectrolyte microcapsules. This hypothesis is confirmed by the fact that incubation of microcapsules in 0.5 M NaCl increases the amount of unbound polyallylamine, which leads to an increase in the buffer capacity of microcapsules at alkaline pH values higher than the buffer capacity of capsules in an aqueous solution.

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Boguta, P., and Z. Sokołowska. "Influence of phosphate ions on buffer capacity of soil humic acids." International Agrophysics 26, no. 1 (February 1, 2012): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10247-012-0002-1.

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Influence of phosphate ions on buffer capacity of soil humic acidsThe object of this study was to determine change of natural buffer capacity of humic acids by strong buffering agents, which were phosphate ions. Studies were carried out on the humic acids extracted from peat soils. Additional information was obtained by determination of water holding capacity, density, ash and pH for peats and optical parameter Q4/6for humic acids. Humic acid suspensions exhibited the highest buffer properties at low pH and reached maximum at pH ~ 4. Phosphates possessed buffer properties in the pH range from 4.5 to 8.0. The maximum of buffering was at pH~6.8 and increased proportionally with an increase in the concentration of phosphate ions. The study indicated that the presence of phosphate ions may strongly change natural buffer capacity of humic acids by shifting buffering maximum toward higher pH values. Significant correlations were found for the degree of the secondary transformation with both the buffer capacity and the titrant volume used during titration.

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Povar, Igor, and Vasile Rusu. "Buffer capacity of heterogeneous chemical equilibria in natural waters." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 90, no. 4 (April 2012): 395–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v2012-008.

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A novel ion–molecular buffer approach for estimating buffer capacities for natural water – mineral equilibria has been developed. Using this approach, the buffer capacity for any component of the heterogeneous system can be assessed. A proportional relation between different capacities in relation to ions of the compound distributed between two phases has been found. The influence of major thermodynamic parameters, such as temperature, pH, and the main chemical component concentrations of natural waters upon system buffer capacities has been investigated. It is expected that this type of approach will help to predict long-term diminishing effects in natural waters as a remediation alternative. The obtained results are intended to provide users with a compulsory tool to set reliable limits of ion (including metal) levels in environmental systems.

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Jia, Su Qiu, Wen Ke Gao, and Zhan Kui Zhao. "Corrosion Behaviour of Mg-7.3Al Alloy in Buffered Chloride Solutions." Materials Science Forum 686 (June 2011): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.686.11.

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The Corrosion behaviour of Mg-7.3Al alloy in buffered chloride solutions was investigated in the paper. The corrosion resistances of Mg-7.3Al alloy were evaluated in different borate capacity and pH by immersion test and polarization curves. The influences of immersion time, pH and buffer borate capacity were analyzed. The results revealed that the corrosion rate of Mg-7.3Al alloy depends on the pH of corrosive solution and has no relationship with buffer capacity. In the pH 6.5 and 2g / L buffer solution, the morphologies of Mg-7.3Al alloy consist of porous pits and protuberant second phases. There are seriously corroded area and macro-uncorroded area or protuberant second phases on the sample surface. The corossion potentials of the mg alloy is kept the same value in the pH 9 solution, regardless of borate capacity is 1g/Lor 2g/L, which are higher than that in the neutural chloride solution or acid solution (pH=6.5). Borate may play an inhibition role for mg alloy by the quick corrosion test of polarisation curves.

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Chakravarthy, S. R., and S. Thiagarajan. "Two parallel finite queues with simultaneous services and Markovian arrivals." Journal of Applied Mathematics and Stochastic Analysis 10, no. 4 (January 1, 1997): 383–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s1048953397000439.

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In this paper, we consider a finite capacity single server queueing model with two buffers, A and B, of sizes K and N respectively. Messages arrive one at a time according to a Markovian arrival process. Messages that arrive at buffer A are of a different type from the messages that arrive at buffer B. Messages are processed according to the following rules: 1. When buffer A(B) has a message and buffer B(A) is empty, then one message from A(B) is processed by the server. 2. When both buffers, A and B, have messages, then two messages, one from A and one from B, are processed simultaneously by the server. The service times are assumed to be exponentially distributed with parameters that may depend on the type of service. This queueing model is studied as a Markov process with a large state space and efficient algorithmic procedures for computing various system performance measures are given. Some numerical examples are discussed.

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Gudmundsson, Kristjan, Gudjon Kristleifsson, Asgeir Theodors, and W. Peter Holbrook. "Tooth erosion, gastroesophageal reflux, and salivary buffer capacity." Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology 79, no. 2 (February 1995): 185–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1079-2104(05)80280-x.

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Liu, Chenghu, Shangxian Gao, Zhonghua Qu, and Lining Zhang. "Tumor microenvironment: Hypoxia and buffer capacity for immunotherapy." Medical Hypotheses 69, no. 3 (January 2007): 590–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2006.12.053.

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Vázquez, Mario V., Felipe Hernández-Luis, Dora Benjumea, Domingo Grandoso, Mercedes Lemus, and Carmen D. Arbelo. "Electrokinetic determination of the buffer capacity of Andisols." Science of The Total Environment 378, no. 1-2 (May 2007): 214–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.01.049.

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Zharikova, E. A. "Potential potassium buffer capacity of Kamchatka volcanic soils." Eurasian Soil Science 44, no. 5 (May 2011): 493–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1064229311030215.

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Wu, Kan, Yichi Shen, and Ning Zhao. "Analysis of tandem queues with finite buffer capacity." IISE Transactions 49, no. 11 (June 23, 2017): 1001–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/24725854.2017.1342055.

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Liu, Dapeng, Shuqian Sun, Xiaojie Yin, Bingli Sun, Jingwen Sun, Yang Liu, Wei Li, Ninghua Zhu, and Ming Li. "Large-capacity and low-loss integrated optical buffer." Optics Express 27, no. 8 (April 10, 2019): 11585. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.27.011585.

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Hernández-Luis, F., D. Grandoso, M. Lemus, D. Benjumea, C. D. Arbelo, D. Naranjo, and M. V. Vázquez. "Electrokinetic Evaluation of the Buffer Capacity of Soils." Portugaliae Electrochimica Acta 24, no. 2 (2006): 229–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4152/pea.200602229.

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Wilkosz, Irena. "Buffer Capacity of Open Atmospheric Gas–Liquid Systems." Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 178, no. 1-4 (September 2, 2006): 217–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11270-006-9192-0.

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