Journal articles: 'Buffer storage (Computer science)'

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Martin, G. E. "Optimal buffer storage capacity in unpaced lines." Computers & Industrial Engineering 18, no. 3 (January 1990): 401–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0360-8352(90)90062-q.

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Chang, Ping-Chen, Chia-Chun Wu, and Chin-Tan Lee. "System Reliability Estimation for a Manufacturing Network with Joint Buffers." International Journal of Reliability, Quality and Safety Engineering 25, no. 04 (June 6, 2018): 1850020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218539318500201.

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This paper develops a Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) approach to estimate the performance of a multistate manufacturing network (MMN) with joint buffers. In the MMN, products are allowed to be produced by two production lines with the same function to satisfy demand. A performance index, system reliability, is applied to estimate the probability that all workstations provide sufficient capacity to satisfy a specified demand and buffers possess adequate storage. The joint buffers with finite storage are considered in the MMN. That is, extra work-in-process output from different production lines can be stored in the same buffer. An MCS algorithm is proposed to generate the capacity state and to check the storage usage of buffers to evaluate whether the demand can be satisfied or not. System reliability of the MMN is estimated through this MCS algorithm. Besides, performability for demand pairs assigned to production lines can be obtained. A practical example of touch panel manufacturing system is used to demonstrate the applicability of the MCS approach. Experimental result shows that system reliability is overestimated when buffer storage is assumed to be infinite. Moreover, joint buffer for an MMN is more reliable than buffers are installed separately in different production lines.

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Lin, Mingwei, Riqing Chen, Li Lin, Xuan Li, and Jingchang Huang. "Buffer-Aware Data Migration Scheme for Hybrid Storage Systems." IEEE Access 6 (2018): 47646–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2866573.

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Lan, Xiaolong, Qingchun Chen, Lin Cai, and Lisheng Fan. "Buffer-Aided Adaptive Wireless Powered Communication Network With Finite Energy Storage and Data Buffer." IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 18, no. 12 (December 2019): 5764–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/twc.2019.2938958.

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Mak, K. L. "The allocation of interstage buffer storage capacity in production lines." Computers & Industrial Engineering 10, no. 3 (January 1986): 163–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0360-8352(86)90002-1.

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Rojas-Delgado, Brenda, Monica Alonso, Hortensia Amaris, and Juan de Santiago. "Wave Power Output Smoothing through the Use of a High-Speed Kinetic Buffer." Energies 12, no. 11 (June 10, 2019): 2196. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12112196.

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In this paper, a new control strategy for power output smoothing in a hybrid wave energy installation coupled to a flywheel energy storage system (FESS) is proposed. The control scheme is composed by three stages: a wave generator clustering process at the farm connection point; a power filtering process; and the control of the flywheel energy storage in order to improve the power output of the hybrid wave farm. The proposed control is validated at the existing Lysekil Wave Energy Site located in Sweden, by using real generator measurements. Results show that the application of the flywheel energy storage system reduces the maximum peak power output from the wave energy installation by 85% and the peak/average power ratio by 76%. It is shown that the proposed system can reduce grid losses by 51%, consequently improving the energy efficiency of the power network. The application of the proposed control strategy allows the hybrid wave power plant to follow a power reference signal that is imposed by the grid operator. In addition, the study demonstrates that the application of the proposed control allows the hybrid wave power plant to follow a power reference signal that is imposed by the grid operator. In addition, the study demonstrates that the application of the proposed control enables a wave farm with flywheel energy storage to be a controllable, flexible resource in order to fulfill future grid code requirements for marine energy installations.

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Kwak, Jaewook, Jungkeol Lee, Daeyong Lee, Joonyong Jeong, Gyeongyong Lee, Jungwook Choi, and Yong Ho Song. "GALRU: A Group-Aware Buffer Management Scheme for Flash Storage Systems." IEEE Access 8 (2020): 185360–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3030089.

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A. Jalil, Muhammad, Muhammad S. Roslan, Azam Mohamad, Nathaporn Suwanpayak, K. Raman, Chat Teeka, Jalil Ali, and Preecha P. Yupapin. "Molecular Buffer, Storage and Delivery Using a PANDA Ring Resonator and an Optical Router." Recent Patents on Computer Science 4, no. 1 (March 21, 2011): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874479611104010071.

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Khelili, Adrian, Sophie Robert, and Soraya Zertal. "FiLiP: A File Lifecycle-based Profiler for hierarchical storage." Infocommunications journal 14, no. 4 (2022): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.36244/icj.2022.4.4.

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The increasing gap between computing speed and storage latency leads to possible I/O bottlenecks on massively parallel computers. To mitigate this issue, hierarchical storage provides multi-tiered configurations where each tier has its own physical characteristics and associated performance. Selecting the most appropriate file placement policy on this multi-tiered storage is difficult and there is to our knowledge no tool that systematically provides statistics and metrics for optimal file policy selection. In this paper, we present FiLiP (File Lifecycle Profiler), a software which provides statistics and metrics for a better understanding of file access by applications and the consequences on file movements across hierarchical storage. After the description of FiLiP’s main features and architecture, we highlight the usefulness of our tool using three I/O intensive simulation HPC applications: NEMO, S3DIO and NAMD and a three-tiered burst buffer.

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Deng, Zhishan, Qianyun Gong, Quanzhong Li, and Jiayin Qin. "Stochastic Optimal Control for Buffer-Aided Cooperative Relaying Systems Using Nonorthogonal Multiple Access." Mobile Information Systems 2019 (May 21, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6825814.

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In this paper, a multiple-cluster downlink multiple-input single-output (MISO) nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA) system is considered. In each cluster, there are one central user and one cell-edge user. The central user has a data buffer with finite storage units, which will decode the cell-edge user’s message and store it at the data buffer. To enhance the performance of the cell-edge user, the central user operates as a relay and helps forward the message to the cell-edge user. Our objective is to maximize the long-term average sum rates for the cell-edge users by designing the beamforming vectors and online power control, under the constraints of the data buffer causality, required information rates for central users, and transmit power at the base station and central users. Based on the current buffer state and the channel state information, we propose a low-complexity online Lyapunov optimization algorithm combined with a constrained concave-convex procedure (CCCP) to solve the causal and nonconvex problem. Furthermore, we verify the asymptotic optimality of the proposed online Lyapunov optimization algorithm. Simulation results demonstrate that our proposed scheme performs better than the greedy algorithm and the orthogonal multiple access (OMA) scheme.

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Verburg, K., W. J. Bond, J. R. Hirth, and A. M. Ridley. "Lucerne in crop rotations on the Riverine Plains. 3. Model evaluation and simulation analyses." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 58, no. 12 (2007): 1129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar07133.

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The use of a lucerne phase in crop rotations can reduce water lost as drainage past the root zone under dryland agriculture in southern Australia. During the lucerne phase the perenniality of lucerne and its deep rooting ability allow extraction of soil water from below the root zone of annual crops and the creation of a soil water storage buffer against deep water loss. The longevity of the soil water storage buffer depends on rainfall patterns, management of the crops and summer fallows, as well as the magnitude of the buffer created during the lucerne phase. Results from a previously reported field experiment in north-eastern Victoria (average annual rainfall 600 mm) suggested that a 2-year lucerne phase could be insufficient to prevent drainage under subsequent crops for more than 1 year. Computer simulations were used to explore the implications of climatic variability on the creation and refilling of the soil water storage buffer. After first testing that the simulations described the experimental data satisfactorily, they were then used to extend the results and conclusions of the field experiment. These showed that the outcome of the experimental evaluation was affected by the climatic conditions experienced during the experiment and that a lucerne phase duration of 2 years was not appreciably less effective than a 3-year lucerne phase in reducing drainage past 1.8 m (the depth evaluated in the experiment). This conclusion was, however, sensitive to the depth at which drainage was evaluated and also depended on management factors such as the timing of lucerne removal and weed control during the summer fallows. For example, when drainage was evaluated to the maximum depth of lucerne rooting (3.6 m), lucerne was removed in December rather than April, and weeds were permitted, a third year of lucerne allowed a longer cropping phase without refilling of the profile in 47% of years. As a general recommendation a 3-year lucerne phase might, therefore, be an appropriate option for maximising the prevention of drainage. The large variability in the longevity of the soil water storage buffer (from 3 to > 45 months) and its sensitivity to management suggest, however, that it may be more beneficial to link phase changes to local assessment of the status of soil water storage buffer.

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Lin, Ciao-Han, and Kuang-Hao Liu. "Relay Selection for Energy-Harvesting Relays With Finite Data Buffer and Energy Storage." IEEE Internet of Things Journal 8, no. 14 (July 15, 2021): 11249–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2021.3053290.

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CABRAL, GLAUCIA B., and LUIZ J. C. B. CARVALHO. "Analysis of proteins associated with storage root formation in cassava using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis." Revista Brasileira de Fisiologia Vegetal 13, no. 1 (2001): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-31312001000100005.

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Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis analysis was performed on adventitious and storage root in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz). Adventitious root lacking swelling formation and swelled storage root were obtained from the accession WU104 grown in the green house of the Department of Biology in Washington University in St. Louis (MO-USA). Saline buffer-soluble proteins were extracted, separated in a high-resolution 2-D electrophoresis system, visualized with silver staining gel procedure, and digital image generate for further analysis. Quantitative and qualitative protein spots analysis was performed with a computer assisted image software system. Results revealed large variation in the complexity of the gel protein profile between the two root systems. About 90% of the protein spots appeared in the pI range value of 4.0 to 6.5 and between 14 to 80 Kda of molecular mass. Detailed computer assisted analysis of this gel allowed us to establish 5 distinct classes of protein based on spot quantification that could be associated with swelling and non-swelling roots. Variation in the complexity of protein pattern was related with different type of root. Whereas the adventitious root showed a more simple profile related to primary growth, the storage root showed to be a more complex profile related to secondary growth and starch accumulation.

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Bangash, Yawar Abbas, Tauseef Rana, Haider Abbas, Muhammad Ali Imran, and Adnan Ahmed Khan. "Incast Mitigation in a Data Center Storage Cluster Through a Dynamic Fair-Share Buffer Policy." IEEE Access 7 (2019): 10718–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2891264.

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Singh, Pushpa, and Rajeev Agrawal. "An Overloading State Computation and Load Sharing Mechanism in Fog Computing." Journal of Information Technology Research 14, no. 4 (October 2021): 94–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jitr.2021100108.

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Fog computing is used to enrich the ability of cloud computing applications. Fog is a kind of buffer area placed between the data processing location and the data storage equipment in the network and plays a significant role in processing the real time data. The lack of resource provisioning approaches and high demand for IoT services make the fog node overloaded. Load balancing is a method to realize efficient resource utilization to avoid bottlenecks, overload, and fog node failure. This study suggests a concept to compute the probabilistic overloading state of a fog node and identification of fog node for load sharing. Each fog node computes Fstate and sends the message at regular intervals to the fog node coordinator (FNC). FNC maintains a fog that is utilized for offloading in case of fog overloading. A comparative study shows that the proposed model avoids an overloading state by the transfer of a certain number of requests to an underloaded fog node before actual overloading occurs. Numerical results validate theoretical investigation and efficiency of the proposed study.

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Chiadamrong, Navee, and Pansa Limpasontipong. "Using storage buffer to improve unbalanced asynchronous production flow line's performance." International Journal of Manufacturing Technology and Management 5, no. 1/2 (2003): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijmtm.2003.002538.

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Bejarano, Guillermo, João M. Lemos, Javier Rico-Azagra, Francisco R. Rubio, and Manuel G. Ortega. "Energy Management of Refrigeration Systems with Thermal Energy Storage Based on Non-Linear Model Predictive Control." Mathematics 10, no. 17 (September 2, 2022): 3167. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10173167.

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This work addresses the energy management of a combined system consisting of a refrigeration cycle and a thermal energy storage tank based on phase change materials. The storage tank is used as a cold-energy buffer, thus decoupling cooling demand and production, which leads to cost reduction and satisfaction of peak demand that would be infeasible for the original cycle. A layered scheduling and control strategy is proposed, where a non-linear predictive scheduler computes the references of the main powers involved (storage tank charging/discharging powers and direct cooling production), while a low-level controller ensures that the requested powers are actually achieved. A simplified model retaining the dominant dynamics is proposed as the prediction model for the scheduler. Economic, efficiency, and feasibility criteria are considered, seeking operating cost reduction while ensuring demand satisfaction. The performance of the proposed strategy for the system with energy storage is compared in simulation with that of a cycle without energy storage, where the former is shown to satisfy challenging demands while reducing the operating cost by up to 28%. The proposed approach also shows suitable robustness when significant uncertainty in the prediction model is considered.

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Sirico, Teodorescu, Séra, Coppola, Guerriero, Iannuzzi, and Dannier. "PV Module-Level CHB Inverter with Integrated Battery Energy Storage System." Energies 12, no. 23 (December 3, 2019): 4601. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12234601.

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In this paper, a photovoltaic (PV) module-level Cascaded HBridge (CHB) inverter with an integrated Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) is proposed. The advantages and drawbacks of the CHB circuit architecture in distributed PV generation systems are highlighted. The main benefits are related to the higher granularity of the PV power control, which mitigates mismatch effects, thus increasing the power harvesting. Nevertheless, heavy unbalanced configurations due to the intermittent nature of PV sources need to be properly addressed. In order to smooth the PV fluctuations, a Battery Energy Storage System is used to provide both an energy buffer and coordination of power supply and demand to obtain a flat profile of the output power. In particular, by exploiting the inherent modularity of the conversion circuit, a distributed storage system is also implemented by splitting the battery into smaller units each of which represents the backup module of a single power cell of the PV CHB. The proposed design and control strategy allows overcoming the operating limits of PV CHB inverter. Simulation results, carried out on a singlephase nineteenlevel PV CHB inverter, evidence the effectiveness of the proposed design and control approach to minimize the adverse impact of deep mismatch conditions, thus enabling continuous power output by compensating PV power fluctuations.

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Maleczek, Stanisław, Kazimierz Drabczyk, Krzysztof Artur Bogdanowicz, and Agnieszka Iwan. "Engineering Concept of Energy Storage Systems Based on New Type of Silicon Photovoltaic Module and Lithium Ion Batteries." Energies 13, no. 14 (July 17, 2020): 3701. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13143701.

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In recent years, a great importance has been given to hybrid systems of energy generators and energy storages. This article presents the results of our research aimed at checking the possibility of connecting a photovoltaic (PV) module and a lithium-ion battery (LIB), using a simplified control module towards a cheap and efficient system. The photovoltaic modules based on crystalline silicon solar cells, tempered glass as the front layer and ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer as encapsulation material are the most popular type in the industry. The disadvantage of such module type is the high weight of about 15 kg/m2. The weight of PV module used in the presented energy storage system is twice as small. This new type of PV module is based on treated poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) as back sheet; high transparent foil as front sheet. Changing glass layer to PMMA requires additional modification of the lamination process parameters and EVA polymer type. For this reason, an EVA polymer with reduced crosslinking temperature was used in most cases; the voltage obtained from solar panels is significantly different from the one required by battery system. Hence, voltage converters (step-up or step-down) are needed. The use of a voltage stabilizing converter (which is a kind of electrical buffer) between the solar cell and lithium-ion battery can in some cases replace the battery overcharge protection system. However, an indispensable element is the system protecting the battery from excessive discharge. The voltage converter permits direct connection between the electricity storage and power supply, which current-voltage parameters do not match. The converter’s task is to change the value of current and voltage in a way that meets the requirements of the powered receiver, minimizing power losses, increasing the whole system efficiency. Photovoltaic parameters of the energy storage systems were examined in laboratory and real conditions.

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Wan, Lipeng, Qing Cao, Feiyi Wang, and Sarp Oral. "Optimizing checkpoint data placement with guaranteed burst buffer endurance in large-scale hierarchical storage systems." Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing 100 (February 2017): 16–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpdc.2016.10.002.

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Hemmatabady, Hoofar, Julian Formhals, Bastian Welsch, Daniel Otto Schulte, and Ingo Sass. "Optimized Layouts of Borehole Thermal Energy Storage Systems in 4th Generation Grids." Energies 13, no. 17 (August 26, 2020): 4405. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13174405.

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Borehole thermal energy storage (BTES) systems are a viable option to meet the increasing cooling demand and to increase the sustainability of low-temperature district heating and cooling (DHC) grids. They are able to store the rejected heat of cooling cycles on a seasonal basis and deliver this heat during the heating season. However, their efficient practical implementation requires a thorough analysis from technical, economic and environmental points of view. In this comparative study, a dynamic exergoeconomic assessment is adopted to evaluate various options for integrating such a storage system into 4th generation DHC grids in heating dominated regions. For this purpose, different layouts are modeled and parameterized. Multi-objective optimization is conducted, varying the most important design variables in order to maximize exergetic efficiency and to minimize levelized cost of energy (LCOE). A comparison of the optimal designs of the different layouts reveals that passive cooling together with maximizing the heating temperature shift, accomplished by a heat pump, lead to optimal designs. Component-wise exergy and cost analysis of the most efficient designs highlights that heat pumps are responsible for the highest share in inefficiency while the installation of BTES has a high impact in the LCOE. BTES and buffer storage tanks have the lowest exergy destruction for all layouts and increasing the BTES volume results in more efficient DHC grids.

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Nebel, Arjuna, Christine Krüger, Tomke Janßen, Mathieu Saurat, Sebastian Kiefer, and Karin Arnold. "Comparison of the Effects of Industrial Demand Side Management and Other Flexibilities on the Performance of the Energy System." Energies 13, no. 17 (August 27, 2020): 4448. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13174448.

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In order to ensure security of supply in a future energy system with a high share of volatile electricity generation, flexibility technologies are needed. Industrial demand-side management ranks as one of the most efficient flexibility options. This paper analyses the effect of the integration of industrial demand-side management through the flexibilisation of aluminium electrolysis and other flexibilities of the electricity system and adjacent sectors. The additional flexibility options include electricity storage, heat storage in district heating networks, controlled charging of electric vehicles, and buffer storage in hydrogen electrolysis. The utilisation of the flexibilities is modelled in different settings with an increasing share of renewable energies, applying a dispatch model. This paper compares which contributions the different flexibilities can make to emission reduction, avoidance of curtailment, and reduction of fuel and CO2 costs, and which circumstances contribute to a decrease or increase of overall emissions with additional flexibilities. The analysis stresses the rising importance of flexibilities in an energy system based on increasing shares of renewable electricity generation, and shows that flexibilities are generally suited to reduce carbon emissions. It is presented that the relative contribution towards the reduction of curtailment and costs of flexibilisation of aluminium electrolysis are high, whereby the absolute effect is small compared to the other options due to the limited number of available processes.

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Choi, Jin Hyeong, Juwan Kim, Jun Ho Noh, Gyuyoung Lee, Chaewon Yoon, Ui Chan Kim, In Hyeok Jang, Hae Yong Kim, and Changsoon Choi. "High–Performance Biscrolled Ni–Fe Yarn Battery with Outer Buffer Layer." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 2 (January 5, 2023): 1067. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24021067.

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The increasing demand for portable and wearable electronics has promoted the development of safe and flexible yarn–based batteries with outstanding electrochemical properties. However, achieving superior energy storage performance with a high active material (AM) load and long cycle life with this device format remains a challenge. In this study, a stable and rechargeable high–performance aqueous Ni–Fe yarn battery was constructed via biscrolling to embed AMs within helical carbon nanotube (CNT) yarn corridors. Owing to the high load of charge storage nanoparticles (NPs; above 97 wt%) and the outer neat CNT layer, the buffered biscrolled Ni–Fe yarn battery demonstrates excellent linear capacity (0.053 mAh/cm) and cycling stability (60.1% retention after 300 charge/discharge cycles) in an aqueous electrolyte. Moreover, our flexible yarn battery exhibits maximum energy/power densities of 422 mWh/cm3 and 7535 mW/cm3 based on the total volume of the cathode and anode, respectively, which exceed those reported for many flexible Ni–Fe batteries. Thus, biscrolled Ni–Fe yarn batteries are promising candidates for next–generation conformal energy solutions.

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Nitsas, M. T., E. G. Papoutsis, and I. P. Koronaki. "Experimental Performance Evaluation of an Integrated Solar-Driven Adsorption System in Terms of Thermal Storage and Cooling Capacity." Energies 13, no. 22 (November 13, 2020): 5931. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13225931.

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Heat-driven coolers provide a reliable and environmentally benign alternative to traditional electrically powered chillers. Their main advantage is that they can be driven using low enthalpy heat sources. A solar system is installed at the school of Mechanical Engineering of National Technical University of Athens in order to examine the potential of thermal storage and solar cooling under Athens climatic conditions. The cooling effect is produced using a dual bed, single stage, zeolite/water adsorption chiller with cooling capacity of 10 kW at its nominal conditions of operation. Both vacuum tube collectors and hybrid photovoltaic thermal collectors are installed in order to supply the system with heat. The system is evaluated in terms of solar collectors’ useful energy production, heat stored in the intermediate buffer and cooling system’s performance. It is observed that the cooling system operates satisfactorily under Athens climatic conditions achieving a maximum cooling capacity of 3.7 kW and an average COP around 0.5.

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Peng, Jun, Rui Wang, Hontao Liao, Yanhui Zhou, Heng Li, Yue Wu, and Zhiwu Huang. "A Real-Time Layer-Adaptive Wavelet Transform Energy Distribution Strategy in a Hybrid Energy Storage System of EVs." Energies 12, no. 3 (January 30, 2019): 440. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12030440.

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In this paper, a real-time energy distribution strategy is designed by a layer-adaptive wavelet transform algorithm and proposed to meet the load power demand while distributing the high-frequency component to supercapacitors and the low-frequency component to batteries in a hybrid energy storage system. In the proposed method, the number of decomposition layers of wavelet transform corresponding to the load power is adaptively determined by dividing the operation zone of supercapacitors into eight cases to respectively distribute the low frequency component to batteries and the remaining high frequency component to supercapacitors. Firstly, since the state of charge of supercapacitors decreases faster as the decomposition layers increases, the state of charge of supercapacitors is divided into eight cases of operation zones. Secondly, since supercapacitors act as the peak power buffer unit, the corresponding number of decomposition layers is finally adaptively determined according to the operation zone of supercapacitors. An experiment testbed is built to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. Extensive experiment results show that the proposed method provides a better real-time energy sharing between supercapacitors and batteries when compared with the conditional method.

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Jha, Amrita, and Neeru Adlakha. "Finite element model to study the effect of exogenous buffer on calcium dynamics in dendritic spines." International Journal of Modeling, Simulation, and Scientific Computing 05, no. 02 (February 25, 2014): 1350027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s179396231350027x.

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Dendritic spine plays an important role in calcium regulation in a neuron cell. It serves as a storage site for synaptic strength and receives input from a single synapse of axon. In order to understand the calcium dynamics in a neuron cell, it is crucial to understand the calcium dynamics in dendritic spines. In this paper, an attempt has been made to study the calcium dynamics due to the exogenous buffers, in dendritic spines with the help of a sectional model. The compartments of dendritic spines are discretized using triangular elements. Appropriate boundary conditions have been framed. Finite element method has been employed to obtain the solution in the region for a two-dimensional unsteady state case. MATLAB 7.11 is used for simulation of the problem and numerical computations. The numerical results have been used to study the effect of exogenous buffers on calcium distribution in dendritic spines.

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Rajendran, Agalya, and Muthaiah Rajappa. "Topological Ordering Signal Selection Technique for Internet of Things based on Combinational Gate for Visibility Enhancement." Scalable Computing: Practice and Experience 21, no. 1 (March 19, 2020): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.12694/scpe.v21i1.1607.

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In modern System on Chip (SoC) design consist of intelligence of products, Internet of Things (IoT) based devices, mobile phones, laptops, servers etc. This shrinking market reduces the design automation validation process. Signal selection is the most effective and challenging technique in post-silicon validation and debug. The vital problem prevailing in this method is that it has limited observability and controllability due to the minimum number of storage space in the trace buffer. This tends to select the signals prudently in order to maximize the state reconstruction. To identify the trace signals, signal restoration is the extensive metric that has been used so far. Topology-based restoration method is proposed here to minimize the error detectionlatency which helps to select the trace signals with minimum error or even errorless. This method aid to detect more number of errors within limited number of clock cyclesthan the restoration only selection techniques.

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Kolbasov, Alexey, Rinat Kurmaev, and Kirill Karpukhin. "Implementation of Dual-Circuit System for Additional Power Supply Based on Photovoltaic Converters for Electric Vehicles." Energies 12, no. 20 (October 22, 2019): 4010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12204010.

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The article presents a process of designing the photovoltaic (PHV) converters system for an electric vehicle, shows the scheme of photovoltaic converters usage, the results of electric vehicle motion modeling with photovoltaic converters, and the results of road tests of an electric vehicle with an additional power source based on photovoltaic converters. The photovoltaic converters system and low-voltage system of an electric vehicle have a shared low-voltage battery, which allows the implementation of two schemes of electric vehicle power supply. Initially, the aggregate base was selected, then, taking into account the efficiency of each device included in the design of the new electric vehicle, mathematical modeling was carried out and showed good efficiency results of the photovoltaic converters system. Then, the prototype was manufactured and tested. The aggregate base included the battery of photovoltaic converters assembled in a certain way on the vehicle roof, the MPPT (maximum power point tracking) controller, the buffer storage device in the form of a 12 V battery, and the DC (direct current) converter that allows transmitting electricity from the buffer battery to the high-voltage system. Modeling of the electric vehicle motion considered typical operating modes, including energy costs for the operation of assistant systems of the electric vehicle, as well as including the consumption of low-voltage components. The tests were carried out according to the NEDC (New European Driving Cycle). As a result, implementation of photovoltaic converters with 21% efficiency allowed for the power reserve of the electric vehicle to be increased by up to 9%.

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Elnagar, Ahmed, Timm C. Harder, Sandra Blome, Martin Beer, and Bernd Hoffmann. "Optimizing Release of Nucleic Acids of African Swine Fever Virus and Influenza A Virus from FTA Cards." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 23 (November 29, 2021): 12915. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222312915.

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FTA cards and related products simplify the collection, transport, and transient storage of biological sample fluids. Here, we have compared the yield and quality of DNA and RNA released from seven different FTA cards using seven releasing/extraction methods with eleven experimental eluates. For the validation, dilution series of African swine fever virus (ASFV) positive EDTA blood and Influenza A virus (IAV) positive allantoic fluid were used. Based on our data, we conclude that direct PCR amplification without the need for additional nucleic acid extraction and purification could be suitable and more convenient for ASFV DNA release from FTA cards. In contrast, IAV RNA loads can be amplified from FTA card punches if a standard extraction procedure including a lysis step is applied. These differences between the amplifiable viral DNA and RNA after releasing and extraction are not influenced by the type of commercial FTA card or the eleven different nucleic acid releasing procedures used for the comparative analyses. In general, different commercial FTA cards were successfully used for the storage and recovery of the ASFV and IAV genetic material suitable for PCR. Nevertheless, the usage of optimized nucleic acid releasing protocols could improve the recovery of the viral genome of both viruses. Here, the application of Chelex® Resin 100 buffer mixed with 1 × Tris EDTA buffer (TE, pH 8.0) or with TED 10 (TE buffer and Dimethylsulfoxid) delivered the best results and can be used as a universal method for releasing viral DNA and RNA from FTA cards.

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Al-Abdallat, Yousef, Inshad Jumah, Rami Jumah, Hanadi Ghanem, and Ahmad Telfah. "Catalytic Electrochemical Water Splitting Using Boron Doped Diamond (BDD) Electrodes as a Promising Energy Resource and Storage Solution." Energies 13, no. 20 (October 10, 2020): 5265. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13205265.

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The present study developed a new system of electrochemical water splitting using a boron doped diamond (BDD) electrode in the electrochemical reactor. The new method assessed the electrical current, acidity (pH), electrical conductivity, absorbance, dissipation, and splitting energies in addition to the water splitting efficiency of the overall process. Employing CuO NPs and ZnO NPs as catalysts induced a significant impact in reducing the dissipated energy and in increasing the efficiency of splitting water. Specifically, CuO NPs showed a significant enhancement in reducing the dissipated energy and in keeping the electrical current of the reaction stable. Meanwhile, the system catalyzed with ZnO NPs induced a similar impact as that for CuO NPs at a lower rate only. The energy dissipation rates in the system were found to be 48% and 65% by using CuO and ZnO NPs, respectively. However, the dissipation rate for the normalized system without catalysis (water buffer at pH = 6.5) is known to be 100%. The energy efficiency of the system was found to be 25% without catalysis, while it was found to be 82% for the system catalyzed with ZnO NPs compared to that for CuO NPs (normalized to 100%). The energy dissipated in the case of the non-catalyzed system was found to be the highest. Overall, water splitting catalyzed with CuO NPs exhibits the best performance under the applied experimental conditions by using the BDD/Niobium (Nb) electrodes.

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Angelov, Stanislav, Sanjeev Khanna, and Keshav Kunal. "The Network as a Storage Device: Dynamic Routing with Bounded Buffers." Algorithmica 55, no. 1 (December 7, 2007): 71–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00453-007-9143-1.

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Hassan, Faiz-ul, Wim Vanderbauwhede, and Fernando Rodríguez-Salazar. "Performance Analysis of On-Chip Communication Structures under Device Variability." International Journal of Embedded and Real-Time Communication Systems 1, no. 4 (October 2010): 40–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jertcs.2010100103.

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On-chip communication is becoming an important bottleneck in the design and operation of high performance systems where it has to face additional challenges due to device variability. Communication structures such as tapered buffer drivers, interconnects, repeaters, and data storage elements are vulnerable to variability, which can limit the performance of the on-chip communication networks. In this regard, it becomes important to have a complete understanding of the impact that variability will have on the performance of these circuit elements in order to design high yield and reliable systems. In this paper, the authors have characterized the performance of the communication structures under the impact of random dopant fluctuation (RDF) for the future technology generations of 25, 18, and 13 nm. For accurate characterization of their performance, a Monte Carlo simulation method has been used along with predictive device models for the given technologies. Analytical models have been developed for the link failure probability of a repeater inserted interconnect which uses characterization data of all communication structures to give an accurate prediction of the link failure probability. The model has also been extended to calculate the link failure probability of a wider communication link.

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Smith, Barry, and Hong Zhang. "Sparse triangular solves for ILU revisited: data layout crucial to better performance." International Journal of High Performance Computing Applications 25, no. 4 (December 5, 2010): 386–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1094342010389857.

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A key to good processor utilization for sparse matrix computations is storing the data in the format that is most conducive to fast access by the memory system. In particular, for sparse matrix triangular solves the traditional compressed sparse matrix format is poor, and minor adjustments to the data structure can increase the processor utilization dramatically. Such adjustments involve storing the L and U factors separately and storing the U rows ‘backwards' so that they are accessed in a simple streaming fashion during the triangular solves. Changes to the PETSc libraries to use this modified storage format resulted in over twice the floating-point rate for some matrices. This improvement can be accounted for by a decrease in the cache misses and TLB (transaction lookaside buffer) misses in the modified code.

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Huang, Li, Rongyue Zheng, and Udo Piontek. "Installation and Operation of a Solar Cooling and Heating System Incorporated with Air-Source Heat Pumps." Energies 12, no. 6 (March 14, 2019): 996. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12060996.

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A solar cooling and heating system incorporated with two air-source heat pumps was installed in Ningbo City, China and has been operating since 2018. It is composed of 40 evacuated tube modules with a total aperture area of 120 m2, a single-stage and LiBr–water-based absorption chiller with a cooling capacity of 35 kW, a cooling tower, a hot water storage tank, a buffer tank, and two air-source heat pumps, each with a rated cooling capacity of 23.8 kW and heating capacity of 33 kW as the auxiliary system. This paper presents the operational results and performance evaluation of the system during the summer cooling and winter heatingperiod, as well as on a typical summer day in 2018. It was found that the collector field yield and cooling energy yield increased by more than 40% when the solar cooling and heating system is incorporated with heat pumps. The annual average collector efficiency was 44% for cooling and 42% for heating, and the average coefficient of performance (COP) of the absorption chiller ranged between 0.68 and 0.76. The annual average solar fraction reached 56.6% for cooling and 62.5% for heating respectively. The yearly electricity savings accounted for 41.1% of the total electricity consumption for building cooling and heating.

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Gonçalves, Ana M., Ângela Sousa, Augusto Q. Pedro, Maria J. Romão, João A. Queiroz, Eugénia Gallardo, and Luís A. Passarinha. "Advances in Membrane-Bound Catechol-O-Methyltransferase Stability Achieved Using a New Ionic Liquid-Based Storage Formulation." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 13 (June 30, 2022): 7264. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23137264.

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Membrane-bound catechol-O-methyltransferase (MBCOMT), present in the brain and involved in the main pathway of the catechol neurotransmitter deactivation, is linked to several types of human dementia, which are relevant pharmacological targets for new potent and nontoxic inhibitors that have been developed, particularly for Parkinson’s disease treatment. However, the inexistence of an MBCOMT 3D-structure presents a blockage in new drugs’ design and clinical studies due to its instability. The enzyme has a clear tendency to lose its biological activity in a short period of time. To avoid the enzyme sequestering into a non-native state during the downstream processing, a multi-component buffer plays a major role, with the addition of additives such as cysteine, glycerol, and trehalose showing promising results towards minimizing hMBCOMT damage and enhancing its stability. In addition, ionic liquids, due to their virtually unlimited choices for cation/anion paring, are potential protein stabilizers for the process and storage buffers. Screening experiments were designed to evaluate the effect of distinct cation/anion ILs interaction in hMBCOMT enzymatic activity. The ionic liquids: choline glutamate [Ch][Glu], choline dihydrogen phosphate ([Ch][DHP]), choline chloride ([Ch]Cl), 1- dodecyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C12mim]Cl), and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C4mim]Cl) were supplemented to hMBCOMT lysates in a concentration from 5 to 500 mM. A major potential stabilizing effect was obtained using [Ch][DHP] (10 and 50 mM). From the DoE 146% of hMBCOMT activity recovery was obtained with [Ch][DHP] optimal conditions (7.5 mM) at −80 °C during 32.4 h. These results are of crucial importance for further drug development once the enzyme can be stabilized for longer periods of time.

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Lakhneko, Olha, Maksym Danchenko, Bogdan Morgun, Andrej Kováč, Petra Majerová, and Ľudovit Škultéty. "Comprehensive Comparison of Clinically Relevant Grain Proteins in Modern and Traditional Bread Wheat Cultivars." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 10 (May 13, 2020): 3445. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21103445.

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Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most valuable cereal crops for human consumption. Its grain storage proteins define bread quality, though they may cause food intolerances or allergies in susceptible individuals. Herein, we discovered a diversity of grain proteins in three Ukrainian wheat cultivars: Sotnytsia, Panna (both modern selection), and Ukrainka (landrace). Firstly, proteins were isolated with a detergent-containing buffer that allowed extraction of various groups of storage proteins (glutenins, gliadins, globulins, and albumins); secondly, the proteome was profiled by the two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Using multi-enzymatic digestion, we identified 49 differentially accumulated proteins. Parallel ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography separation followed by direct mass spectrometry quantification complemented the results. Principal component analysis confirmed that differences among genotypes were a major source of variation. Non-gluten fraction better discriminated bread wheat cultivars. Various accumulation of clinically relevant plant proteins highlighted one of the modern genotypes as a promising donor for the breeding of hypoallergenic cereals.

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Košičan, Jaroslav, Miguel Ángel Pardo, and Silvia Vilčeková. "A Multicriteria Methodology to Select the Best Installation of Solar Thermal Power in a Family House." Energies 13, no. 5 (February 26, 2020): 1047. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13051047.

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Solar thermal power is nowadays one of the trendiest topics in the construction industry, and it represents a valuable energy source of heating that reduces energy consumption. As solar panels produce heating during the day and consumers demand calefaction during the whole day, we use standby tanks (for domestic hot water) and buffer tanks (for heating) for storage. The latest developments improved the efficiency and useful life while reducing the volume of tanks. So, the presented research work deals with analyzing the solar thermal power in a family house. This work presents a method to create a decision support system to compare solar energy systems in houses from economical, technical, availability, and environmental concerns. The weights of the criteria selected considering the analytical hierarchy process are computed. Parameters required for energy production calculations (location, temperature, etc.) and energy consumption (inhabitants, outdoor temperature, etc.) are summarized. It can be stated that a universal best solar thermal scheme does not exist, as energy consumption depends on the other features and limits as well as energy production, geographical latitude of the location, and so forth. According to results, Case 3 (a gas boiler and a combination tank) is the best alternative for reducing the energy required, CO2 emitted, the best energy efficiency of the installation, and the lowest transmission losses. In other scenarios when the economic criteria are not so relevant, this should be the best case in the prioritization scheme.

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Siewiera, Karolina, Magdalena Labieniec-Watala, Nina Wolska, Hassan Kassassir, and Cezary Watala. "Sample Preparation as a Critical Aspect of Blood Platelet Mitochondrial Respiration Measurements—The Impact of Platelet Activation on Mitochondrial Respiration." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 17 (August 28, 2021): 9332. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22179332.

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Blood platelets are considered as promising candidates as easily-accessible biomarkers of mitochondrial functioning. However, their high sensitivity to various stimulus types may potentially affect mitochondrial respiration and lead to artefactual outcomes. Therefore, it is crucial to identify the factors associated with platelet preparation that may lead to changes in mitochondrial respiration. A combination of flow cytometry and advanced respirometry was used to examine the effect of blood anticoagulants, the media used to suspend isolated platelets, respiration buffers, storage time and ADP stimulation on platelet activation and platelet mitochondria respiration. Our results clearly show that all the mentioned factors can affect platelet mitochondrial respiration. Briefly, (i) the use of EDTA as anticoagulant led to a significant increase in the dissipative component of respiration (LEAK), (ii) the use of plasma for the suspension of isolated platelets with MiR05 as a respiration buffer allows high electron transfer capacity and low platelet activation, and (iii) ADP stimulation increases physiological coupling respiration (ROUTINE). Significant associations were observed between platelet activation markers and mitochondrial respiration at different preparation steps; however, the fact that these relationships were not always apparent suggests that the method of platelet preparation may have a greater impact on mitochondrial respiration than the platelet activation itself.

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Ertas, Atila, Christopher T. R. Boyce, and Utku Gulbulak. "Experimental Measurement of Bulk Thermal Conductivity of Activated Carbon with Adsorbed Natural Gas for ANG Energy Storage Tank Design Application." Energies 13, no. 3 (February 5, 2020): 682. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13030682.

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The development of adsorptive natural gas storage tanks for vehicles requires the synthesis of many technologies. The design for an effective Adsorbed Natural Gas (ANG) tank requires that the tank be filled isothermally within a five-minute charge time. The heat generated within the activated carbon is on the order of 150 MJ/m 3 of storage volume. The tank can be effectively buffered using Phase Change Material (PCM) to absorb the heat. The effective design of these tanks requires knowledge of the thermal properties of activated carbon with adsorbed methane. This paper discusses experimental measurements of the thermal conductivity of activated carbon with adsorbed methane. It was found that within the tank the thermal conductivity remains almost constant within the temperature and pressure ranges that ANG tanks will operate.

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Kim, Hyun-Jung. "Comparative Evaluation of Bond Strength and Microleakage of Three Ion-Releasing Restorative Materials at Various pH Levels." Applied Sciences 12, no. 13 (July 5, 2022): 6796. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12136796.

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The aim of this study was a comparison of the micro-tensile bond strength (μTBS) to dentin and microleakage of in vitro class V restorations of three different ion-releasing restorative materials under various pH conditions: giomer, a resin-modified glass ionomer (RMGI), and a new alkasite material. A μTBS test was performed using a universal testing machine, immediately and after storage at different pH (4, 7, and 10) buffer solutions (n = 15) over 24 h, and the failure mode was analyzed. For microleakage analysis, class V restorations were performed on extracted premolars, which were sectioned and stored in pH 4-, 7-, and 10-buffered fluorescent 0.02% rhodamine B dye. The specimens were observed under a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) and scored using the acquired images. There were no significant differences in the μTBS according to the type of material (p = 0.518). The giomer showed a decreased bond strength under the pH 4 condition compared with the immediately tested or pH 7-stored specimens (p ≤ 0.043). In the microleakage analysis, the class V restoration with giomer showed a higher microleakage than RMGI or alkasite (p = 0.001). For RMGI and alkasite, the specimens stored at pH 4 showed a significantly lower microleakage than those stored at pH 7 (p = 0.028). RMGI and alkasite can be adopted as restorative materials in generalized or localized low-pH conditions.

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Safonov, Alexey V., Anatoly E. Boguslavsky, Olga L. Gaskova, Kirill A. Boldyrev, Olga S. Shvartseva, Albina A. Khvashchevskaya, and Nadezhda M. Popova. "Biogeochemical Modelling of Uranium Immobilization and Aquifer Remediation Strategies Near NCCP Sludge Storage Facilities." Applied Sciences 11, no. 6 (March 23, 2021): 2875. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11062875.

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Nitrate is a substance which influences the prevailing redox conditions in groundwater, and in turn the behaviour of U. The study of groundwater in an area with low-level radioactive sludge storage facilities has shown their contamination with sulphate and nitrate anions, uranium, and some associated metals. The uranyl ion content in the most contaminated NO3–Cl–SO4–Na borehole is 2000 times higher (1.58 mg/L) than that in the background water. At the same time, assessment of the main physiological groups of microorganisms showed a maximum number of denitrifying and sulphate-reducing bacteria (e.g., Sulfurimonas) in the water from the same borehole. Biogenic factors of radionuclide immobilization on sandy rocks of upper aquifers have been experimentally investigated. Different reduction rates of NO3−, SO42−, Fe(III) and U(VI) with stimulated microbial activity were dependent on the pollution degree. Moreover, 16S rRNA gene analysis of the microbial community after whey addition revealed a significant decrease in microbial diversity and the activation of nonspecific nitrate-reducing bacteria (genera Rhodococcus and Rhodobacter). The second influential factor can be identified as the formation of microbial biofilms on the sandy loam samples, which has a positive effect on U sorption (an increase in Kd value is up to 35%). As PHREEQC physicochemical modelling numerically confirmed, the third most influential factor that drives U mobility is the biogenic-mediated formation of a sulphide redox buffer. This study brings important information, which helps to assess the long-term stability of U in the environment of radioactive sludge storage facilities.

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Annuk, Andres, Wahiba Yaïci, Andrei Blinov, Maido Märss, Sergei Trashchenkov, and Peep Miidla. "Modelling of Consumption Shares for Small Wind Energy Prosumers." Symmetry 13, no. 4 (April 11, 2021): 647. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13040647.

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This article describes a simulation of energy distribution in an average household where electricity is produced with a small wind generator or purchased from the public electricity grid. Numerical experiments conducted within an average of five minutes were performed using annual production and consumption graphs. Virtual storage devices, a water tank and a battery were used to buffer energy inside the household. The energy required for non-shiftable consumption and hot water consumption were taken directly from the utility grid. Surplus energy remaining from wind generator production after providing for consumption and storage needs were redirected there. A cover factor was used as a measure of the efficiency of energy distribution. One of the aims of the article was to determine by simulations the change of the cover factor in a virtually designed situation where the expected energy output of the wind generator was known in advance over one to three hours. The results found that for the configuration of the proposed nanogrid option, the positive results were readily achieved when the expected wind generator production was known an hour ahead. Then, the cover factor increased from 0.593 to 0.645. The side result of using projected/expected production is an increase in asymmetrical energy exchanges bilaterally between nanogrid and utility grid in favour of grid sales. Another finding was that the cover factor depended on the wind generator’s production intensity but less on the intensity of consumption within the household.It is hoped/expected that future research will address the prediction of output using mathematical methods.

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Ma, Chao-Tsung. "System Planning of Grid-Connected Electric Vehicle Charging Stations and Key Technologies: A Review." Energies 12, no. 21 (November 4, 2019): 4201. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12214201.

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The optimal planning of electric vehicle (EV) charging stations (ECSs) with advanced control algorithms is very important to accelerate the development of EVs, which is a promising solution to reduce carbon emissions of conventional internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs). The large and fluctuant load currents of ECSs can bring negative impacts to both EV-related power converters and power distribution systems if the energy flow is not regulated properly. Recent review papers related to EVs found in open literature have mainly focused on the design of power converter-based chargers and power interfaces, analyses of power quality (PQ) issues, the development of wireless charging techniques, etc. There is currently no review paper that focuses on key technologies in various system configurations, optimal energy management and advanced control issues in practical applications. To compensate for this insufficiency and provide timely research directions, this paper reviews 143 previously published papers related to the aforementioned topics in recent literature including 17 EV-related review papers found in Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)/Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET) (IEEE/IET) Electronic Library (IEL) and ScienceDirect OnSite (SDOS) databases. In this paper, existing system configurations, related design methods, algorithms and key technologies for ECSs are systematically reviewed. Based on discussions given in the reviewed papers, the most popular ECS configuration is a hybrid system design that integrates renewable energy (RE)-based power generation (REBPG), various energy storage systems (ESSs), and utility grids. It is noteworthy that the addition of an ESS with properly designed control algorithms can simultaneously buffer the fast, fluctuant power demand during charging, smooth the intermittent power generation of REBPG, and increase the overall efficiency and operating flexibility of ECSs. In addition, verifying the significance of the flexibility and possible profits that portable ESSs provide in ECS networks is a potential research theme in ECS fields, in which the potential applications of portable ESSs in the grid-tied ECSs are numerous and could cover a full technical spectrum.

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Kinoshita, Chisato, Noriko Kubota, and Koji Aoyama. "Glutathione Depletion and MicroRNA Dysregulation in Multiple System Atrophy: A Review." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 23 (December 1, 2022): 15076. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232315076.

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Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a rare neurodegenerative disease characterized by parkinsonism, cerebellar impairment, and autonomic failure. Although the causes of MSA onset and progression remain uncertain, its pathogenesis may involve oxidative stress via the generation of excess reactive oxygen species and/or destruction of the antioxidant system. One of the most powerful antioxidants is glutathione, which plays essential roles as an antioxidant enzyme cofactor, cysteine-storage molecule, major redox buffer, and neuromodulator, in addition to being a key antioxidant in the central nervous system. Glutathione levels are known to be reduced in neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, genes regulating redox states have been shown to be post-transcriptionally modified by microRNA (miRNA), one of the most important types of non-coding RNA. miRNAs have been reported to be dysregulated in several diseases, including MSA. In this review, we focused on the relation between glutathione deficiency, miRNA dysregulation and oxidative stress and their close relation with MSA pathology.

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Boczar, Dariusz, Katarzyna Bus, and Katarzyna Michalska. "Study of Degradation Kinetics and Structural Analysis of Related Substances of Ceftobiprole by HPLC with UV and MS/MS Detection." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 23 (December 3, 2022): 15252. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232315252.

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Ceftobiprole is a novel β-lactam antibiotic, active against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant S. aureus and penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. To artificially generate potential degradation products (DPs) of ceftobiprole that may be formed under relevant storage conditions, acidic, alkaline, oxidative, photolytic and thermolytic stress tests were performed in both solution and solid state. A novel selective HPLC method was developed for the separation of ceftobiprole from its DPs and synthesis by-products (SBPs) using Kinetex Biphenyl column, ammonium acetate buffer pH 5.8 and acetonitrile. The kinetic studies demonstrated the low stability of ceftobiprole in alkaline solution, in the presence of an oxidising agent and under irradiation with near UV. In the solid state, ceftobiprole underwent oxidation when the powder was irradiated with visible light and UV. Based on mass spectroscopic analysis, 13 new structural formulas of SBPs and DPs were proposed, along with molecular formulas for three other DPs obtained in solution and four oxidative DPs characteristic of solid-state degradation.

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46

Bokor, Zoltán, Balázs Csorbai, Levente Várkonyi, Zsolt Szári, Ferenc Fodor, István Ittzés, Daniel Żarski, Béla Urbányi, and Gergely Bernáth. "Effects of chilled storage and pH of activating solution on different motility parameters in burbot (Lota lota) sperm." Czech Journal of Animal Science 63, No. 11 (November 7, 2018): 429–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/122/2017-cjas.

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The effects of a simple saline solution prepared using two different pH (4.4 and 8.5) on sperm motility in burbot were investigated. Results were recorded during a 96-hour chilled storage (4°C) in 24-hour intervals. Measurements were focused on the detailed characteristics of motility using 12 parameters obtained from the Computer-assisted Sperm Analysis (CASA). Significantly higher progressive motility (pMOT), distance average path (DAP), distance curved line, distance straight line (DSL), average path velocity (VAP), curvilinear velocity, straight line velocity, and beat cross frequency (BCF) were observed with the activating solution buffered at pH 8.5 in comparison with pH 4.4. Already after 24 h a significant reduction was measured in pMOT (0 h: 49 ± 24%, 24 h: 12 ± 7%). Similar decreasing tendency was recorded only after 72 h in DAP (0 h: 26 ± 4 µm/s, 72 h: 19 ± 9 µm/s), DSL (0 h: 21 ± 5 µm/s, 72 h: 17 ± 8 µm/s), VAP (0 h: 59 ± 9 µm/s, 72 h: 43 ± 21 µm/s), and BCF (0 h: 28 ± 2 Hz, 72 h: 18 ± 10 Hz). The response of different investigated CASA parameters to different treatments varied in our experiments. According to our studies, numerous burbot sperm motility parameters are sensitive to chilled storage and to low pH of the activating solution. Our results could support the effective sperm quality assessment and successful artificial propagation process in burbot.

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She, Yuqi, Qiong Liu, Xiyue Xiong, Ning Li, and Jian Zhang. "Erythrocyte Storage Lesion Improvements Mediated by Naringin Screened from Vegetable/Fruit Juice Using Cell Extract and HPLC-MS." Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry 2022 (April 26, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7556219.

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In blood banking, storage at 4°C for weeks is known to cause damages to erythrocytes, called storage lesions that may later cause transfusion-related adverse events. In previous experiments, we found that vegetable/fruit juices can effectively reduce the storage lesion. Currently, we attempt to analyze the potential bioactive components and test whether the compounds can improve the storage lesions of erythrocytes. Equal portions in wet weight of 20 fresh vegetables and fruits were blended with phosphate buffered solution (PBS), and clear solutions were produced as additive to the packed erythrocytes from consented blood donors at 1 : 10 ratio (ml : gram). The blood samples were stored for 35 days at 4°C, and the supernatants were performed high liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) analysis at 0 days, 14 days, and 35 days. The blood bags supplemented with identified bioactive components were stored in a refrigerator for 35 days, and the morphology, complete blood count (CBC), phosphatidylserine (PS) extroversion, hemolysis, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were measured at the end of storage. Five potential bioactive components from vegetable/fruit juices contributed to the improvements of storage lesion. One of the compounds was unequivocally identified as naringin, and two were tentatively assigned as vitexin 6″-O-malonyl 2″-O-xyloside and luteolin 7-(6″-malonyl neohesperidoside). Naringin alleviated the storage lesion of red blood cells (RBCs) by reducing ROS levels and living cell extraction with HPLC-MS is a simple, reliable, and effective method for screening potential bioactive components.

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Penzkofer, Silapetere, and Hegemann. "Absorption and Emission Spectroscopic Investigation of the Thermal Dynamics of the Archaerhodopsin 3 Based Fluorescent Voltage Sensor QuasAr1." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 17 (August 21, 2019): 4086. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20174086.

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QuasAr1 is a fluorescent voltage sensor derived from Archaerhodopsin 3 (Arch) of Halorubrum sodomense by directed evolution. Here we report absorption and emission spectroscopic studies of QuasAr1 in Tris buffer at pH 8. Absorption cross-section spectra, fluorescence quantum distributions, fluorescence quantum yields, and fluorescence excitation spectra were determined. The thermal stability of QuasAr1 was studied by long-time attenuation coefficient measurements at room temperature (23 ± 2 °C) and at 2.5 ± 0.5 °C. The apparent melting temperature was determined by stepwise sample heating up and cooling down (obtained apparent melting temperature: 65 ± 3 °C). In the protein melting process the originally present protonated retinal Schiff base (PRSB) with absorption maximum at 580 nm converted to de-protonated retinal Schiff base (RSB) with absorption maximum at 380 nm. Long-time storage of QuasAr1 at temperatures around 2.5 °C and around 23 °C caused gradual protonated retinal Schiff base isomer changes to other isomer conformations, de-protonation to retinal Schiff base isomers, and apoprotein structure changes showing up in ultraviolet absorption increase. Reaction coordinate schemes are presented for the thermal protonated retinal Schiff base isomerizations and deprotonations in parallel with the dynamic apoprotein restructurings.

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Safakas, Konstantinos, Sofia-Falia Saravanou, Zacharoula Iatridi, and Constantinos Tsitsilianis. "Alginate-g-PNIPAM-Based Thermo/Shear-Responsive Injectable Hydrogels: Tailoring the Rheological Properties by Adjusting the LCST of the Grafting Chains." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 8 (April 7, 2021): 3824. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22083824.

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Graft copolymers of alginate backbone and N-isopropylacrylamide/N-tert-butylacrylamide random copolymer, P(NIPAMx-co-NtBAMy), side chains (stickers) with various NtBAM content were designed and explored in aqueous media. Self-assembling thermoresponsive hydrogels are formed upon heating, in all cases, through the hydrophobic association of the P(NIPAMx-co-NtBAMy) sticky pendant chains. The rheological properties of the formulations depend remarkably on the NtBAM hydrophobic content, which regulates the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) and, in turn, the stickers’ thermo-responsiveness. The gelation point, Tgel, was shifted to lower temperatures from 38 to 20 °C by enriching the PNIPAM chains with 20 mol % NtBAM, shifting accordingly to the gelation temperature window. The consequences of the Tgel shift to the hydrogels’ rheological properties are significant at room and body temperature. For instance, at 37 °C, the storage modulus increases about two orders of magnitude and the terminal relaxation time increase about 10 orders of magnitude by enriching the stickers with 20 mol % hydrophobic moieties. Two main thermo-induced behaviors were revealed, characterized by a sol–gel and a weak gel–stiff gel transition for the copolymer with stickers of low (0.6 mol %) and high (14, 20 mol %) NtBAM content, respectively. The first type of hydrogels is easily injectable, while for the second one, the injectability is provided by shear-thinning effects. The influence of the type of media (phosphate buffer (PB), phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM)) on the hydrogel properties was also explored and discussed. The 4 wt % NaALG-g-P(NIPAM80-co-NtBAM20)/DMEM formulation showed excellent shear-induced injectability at room temperature and instantaneous thermo-induced gel stiffening at body temperature, rendering it a good candidate for cell transplantation potential applications.

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Verburg, K., W. J. Bond, L. E. Brennan, and M. J. Robertson. "An evaluation of the tactical use of lucerne phase farming to reduce deep drainage." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 58, no. 12 (2007): 1142. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar07023.

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Lucerne phase farming has been suggested as a way of reducing deep drainage in the cereal belt of southern Australia. It is based on the concept that lucerne (Medicago sativa L.), a perennial pasture with a deep root system, creates a soil water storage buffer below the root zone of the annual crops, which gradually refills during the subsequent cropping phase, temporarily reducing the risk of deep drainage. The rate of refilling is variable because it is affected by the amount and distribution of rainfall as well as management of the crop and the summer fallow. There is, therefore, uncertainty about the optimum phase durations that will maximise the effect of the lucerne phase. Computer simulations were applied to evaluate the use of a soil water measurement below the root zone of annual crops to schedule the phase changes, referred to as tactical phase farming. The results confirmed that phase farming reduced average annual deep drainage significantly, but at the cost of lower average annual gross margin. In most cases, tactical phase farming improved the trade-off between deep drainage and gross margin relative to fixed duration phases; for a given amount of average annual deep drainage the average annual gross margin was larger, and for a given gross margin the drainage was smaller. The benefits of tactical phase systems were greatest in soils with a large available water-holding capacity and when the variability of the refilling rate was large. Overall, however, the benefits of the tactical approach relative to fixed phase systems were small.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Buffer storage (Computer science)'

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