Dissertations / Theses: 'Buffone'

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ALESSI, MARTA. "Giorgio Manganelli e il teatro." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2108/202599.

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Nel 1967 Manganelli, che proprio quell’anno si sarebbe proclamato araldo della letteratura come menzogna, pubblicava sul «Verri» un articolo in cui illustrava la sua personalissima idea di teatro, compendiata nel congeniale e versatile binomio di cerimonia e artificio: «una idea piuttosto perplessa, e tuttavia eccitata: un sistema di diffidenze, irritazioni e imprecise speranze». Questo articolo, che secondo qualche interprete andrebbe letto come un vero e proprio manifesto programmatico, è semmai un valido documento dell’atteggiamento ambivalente, misto di perplessità ed eccitazione, sempre mostrato da Manganelli nei confronti del teatro, sin dalle pagine dei suoi giovanili quaderni di appunti, dove il futuro scrittore già tradiva un certo imbarazzo verso una forma d’arte che, ai suoi occhi, appariva troppo compromessa con la vita, e dunque, come dirà poi nel Discorso dell’ombra e dello stemma, costantemente minacciata del rischio di diventare antropomorfica. Pur senza mai sciogliere del tutto le proprie riserve, Manganelli non ha però voluto rinunciare all’opportunità di «cimentarsi con la sfida del testo teatrale»; e dal 1963, anno in cui il suo primo esperimento drammatico, il monologo Iperipotesi, veniva messo in scena nel corso del convegno fondativo del Gruppo 63, per oltre un decennio si è volentieri improvvisato drammaturgo ogni qualvolta gli si è presentata l’occasione, mosso dalla curiosità e dalla segreta “imprecisa speranza” di «trovare […] il sentiero che conduce al teatro». Sfortunatamente quel sentiero si è rivelato per lui non privo di qualche accidente, tra rappresentazioni mancate e accoglienze nient’affatto calorose; tanto che, dopo l’ennesima delusione, lasciata ormai ogni speranza, si è a malincuore rassegnato a desistere dall’impresa. I suoi «vaghi, frammentari» contatti col mondo del teatro, «alleati – diceva lui – delle sue sindromi depressive», sono comunque all’origine di un eccentrico repertorio di testi, finalmente riuniti in una raccolta pressoché completa, Tragedie da leggere, pubblicata nel 2005 per la cura di Luca Scarlini. Al curatore spetta anche l’indiscutibile merito di aver accuratamente ricostruito, attraverso un paziente lavoro di ricerca, tutte le tappe della travagliata avventura teatrale di Manganelli, e di aver richiamato l’attenzione degli studiosi sulle sue “tragedie da leggere”, cui le opere maggiori hanno finito inevitabilmente per rubare la scena. Ma, se è interessante conoscere le vicende che hanno portato l’agorafobo Manganelli a vestire i panni del drammaturgo, è invece indispensabile comprendere le ragioni del suo ambivalente atteggiamento di fronte al teatro, nonché al più grande autore drammatico di tutti i tempi, William Shakespeare. Verso di lui e verso i suoi altrettanto grandi personaggi, Manganelli ha sempre nutrito un’ammirazione incondizionata e perciò inconfessabile, tale da fargli compiere le più spericolate acrobazie pur di riportare il teatro di Shakespeare nel territorio meno compromesso della letteratura, non senza qualche inevitabile forzatura e contraddizione. Anziché tentare di smorzarle, è proprio su queste contraddizioni che conviene concentrare l’attenzione, a partire da quella più clamorosa. Perché è senza dubbio degno di nota il fatto che Manganelli, così sospettoso nei confronti del teatro, e fermamente intenzionato ad assomigliarlo il più possibile alla letteratura, sia invece arrivato a concepire la scrittura come «luogo di eventi sostanzialmente teatrali», dove lo scrittore, «eroico guitto», si trasforma nell’istrione di se stesso, al fine, solo implicitamente dichiarato, di «ingannare e illuminare il lettore», e soprattutto di proteggere la parte più intima di sé, nascondendo dietro un apparato di finzioni le proprie più segrete verità
In 1967 Manganelli, who in the very same year declared himself as herald of the literature as a falsehood («letteratura come menzogna»), published on «Il Verri» an essay with the purpose to explain his very personal idea of theatre, summarized through the congenial and versatile combination of ceremony and artifice: a quite confused and yet excited idea: a scheme of suspicions, annoyance and fuzzy hopes («una idea piuttosto perplessa, e tuttavia eccitata: un sistema di diffidenze, irritazioni e imprecise speranze»). The essay, which – according to some annotators – should be considered as a manifesto, is instead a valuable treatise about the two-sided attitude, mingled and excitement, Manganelli always had towards theatre, as it came out from the pages of his early notebooks, in which he betrayed embarrassment in front of an art form that he regarded as too much intertwined with everyday life and constantly threatened by the risk of becoming anthropomorphic, as he later wrote also in his Discorso dell’ombra e dello stemma. By the way, without making known his ideas on theatre, Manganelli never gave up the opportunity of attempting to measure himself with the theatrical play. So, starting from the first stage play of his first drama monologue Iperipotesi, acted out during the Gruppo 63 foundational meeting, he gladly accepted every chance to work as a dramatist for over a decade, fueled both by curiosity and by his secret “fuzzy hope” to find the path to theatre («trovare […] il sentiero che conduce al teatro»). Unfortunately for him, that path to theatre wasn’t very smooth, amid missed performances and somehow a not so favourable welcome, up to the point that, after the umpteenth disappointment, once abandoned all hope, he reluctantly resigned himself to give up the undertaking. Manganelli’s vague and fragmented contacts with theatre, which he defined as allied to his depressive syndromes, represent the basis of an odd collection of works, brought together in the Tragedie da leggere anthology (Aragno, 2005), published and edited by Luca Scarlini. Scarlini is also eligible as the one who accurately reconstructed, through a painstaking research work, all Manganelli’s theatrical stages, bringing the scholars’ attention on his “tragedie da leggere”, however overshadowed by Manganelli’s major works. In any case, one the one hand, it is interesting to understand the reasons why the agoraphobic Manganelli worked also as a dramatist, on the other, the comprehension of his two-sided approach to theatre and to the major dramatist ever, William Shakespeare, must be considered as essential. In fact, Manganelli always brought forward a strong, unreserved and therefore unmentionable appreciation towards Shakespeare and his famous characters, emotions that led him do his utmost and face some contradictions and twistings to translate Shakespeare’s theatre into the less involved with everyday’s life dimension of literature. Manganelli’s contradictions represent the item on which we should put our focus: the author, while being really cautious against theatre and absolutely willing to compare it to literature, at the same time considers writing as a place made of basically theatrical events («luogo di eventi sostanzialmente teatrali»), in which the writer, as a heroic player («eroico guitto»), becomes a histrionic impressionist of himself («istrione di se stesso») with the implicit purpose to deceive and illuminate the reader («ingannare e illuminare il lettore») and, most of all, to shelter his inner side by hiding his innermost thoughts behind a fiction display

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Hoquet, Thierry. "Buffon : histoire naturelle et philosophie." Paris 10, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA100176.

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L'Histoire naturelle de Buffon réorganise les quatre composantes classiques des systèmes de philosophie (logique, physique, morale, métaphysique). Elle développe une logique de la comparaison et une ontologie de la relation, s'opposant aux classifications linnéennes et aux physiques mathématiques. Elle constitue une physique systématique et hypothétique, et non une simple histoire-collection d'esprit baconien. Cette physique bannit la curiosité et entend connaître les lois de la Nature comprises comme effets généraux. Buffon étudie trois problèmes classiques (Histoire et Théorie de la Terre, Formation des planètes, Théorie de la génération), où sa méthode procède par observations, inductions, et analogies. Cette physique exclut la morale des causes finales au profit des causes efficientes et secondes. Elle réélabore plusieurs concepts des théologies naturelles providentialistes (lois statistiques, circulation, monuments de la Nature). Enfin, Buffon présente une nouvelle métaphysique, qui décrit l'âme et le corps par la comparaison de leurs rapports. Ainsi, l'histoire naturelle occupe la place naguère occupée par la philosophie
Buffon's natural history offers an important revision of the four principal philosophical disciplines, namely: logic, physics, ethics and metaphysics. Buffon's work is based in a logic of comparison. Buffon is opposed to Linnean classification methods and he rejects the application of mathematics to the study of physics. The work constitutes a systematic and hypothetical physics, in no way reducible to the baconian method which depends on a more historical collection of data or facts. Buffon's physics, moreover, condemns vain curiosity and speculation, aiming instead at the discovery of general effects, such as the laves of nature. Observation, induction and analogy are the key methods Buffon relies on for his investigations. Buffon's physics, furthermore, refutes the validity of moral considerations and denies the importance of final causes or ends. Buffon, additionally, seeks to forge the way for a new metaphysics, describing the body and soul through mutual comparison. It is in these ways, among others, that Buffon redefines the four elements of philosophy

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Hoquet, Thierry. "Buffon, histoire naturelle et philosophie /." Paris : H. Champion, 2005. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb400957772.

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MOREIRA, Romana Maria. "Rousseau e Buffon: Reflexões antropofilosóficas e réplica." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2011. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/19026.

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Esta pesquisa expôs as reflexões antropológicas do filósofo Jean Jaques Rousseau em debate com as do naturalista George Louis Leclerc de Buffon. Tomamos como objeto de análise a réplica da matéria Animaux carnassierscontida na L’ Histoire naturellede autoria de Buffon.Nela, identificamos a tese do homem frugívoro como objeção fundamental da réplica, cujo texto possibilitou a reconstituição de movimentos do traçado estrutural das ideias naturalistas do filósofo genebrino, o que nos propiciou visualizá-las e reacendê-las. Observamos a pertinência da crítica fornecida por Buffon ao detectar problema relacionado ao método e à inconsistência do suposto caráter científico da tese rousseauniana. Destarte, emerge a possibilidade de compreender a tese de Rousseau através do método da “hermenêutica filosófica” desenvolvida por Hans Gadamer (1900-2002). Concluímos então, na nossa interpretação e compreensão, que o sentimento de piedade foi causa de discussão,e projetou-se enquanto principio moral emprol do desenvolvimento humano,motivado pelo seu significado ético na formação humana. A tais reflexões de Rousseau designamos de antropofilosóficas, e julgamos como indispensáveis e diligentes ao presente e futuro do homem.
This research set out the anthropological reflections of the philosopher Jean Jacques Rousseau in discussion with the naturalist George Louis Leclerc de Buffon. We take as object of analysis the reply Animaux carnassiers matter contained in L 'Histoire naturelle authored by Buffon. Here, we identify the thesis of man as frugivorous fundamental objection to the reply, the text of which allowed the reconstruction of movements of the tracing structural naturalistic ideas of the philosopher Geneva, which gave us view them and relight them. We note the relevance of the criticism given by Buffon to detect problems related to the method and the alleged inconsistency of a scientific theory of Rousseau. Thus emerges the possibility of understanding the theory of Rousseau by the method of "philosophical hermeneutics" developed by Hans Gadamer (1900-2002). We conclude, in our interpretation and understanding, that the feeling of pity was the cause of discussion and was projected as a moral principle in favor of human development, motivated by its ethical significance in the human formation. Such Rousseau’ reflections we named of anthropophilosophicals,and arebelieved to be necessary and diligent to present and future of man.

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Meisen, Lydia. "Die Charakterisierung der Tiere in Buffons Histoire naturelle." Würzburg Königshausen & Neumann, 2008. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=3052521&prov=M&dokv̲ar=1&doke̲xt=htm.

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Meisen, Lydia. "Die Charakterisierung der Tiere in Buffons Histoire naturelle." Würzburg Königshausen & Neumann, 2007. http://d-nb.info/986961698/04.

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Loveland, Jeff. "Rhetoric and natural history : Buffon in polemical and literary context /." Oxford : Voltaire Foundation, 2001. http://www.gbv.de/dms/goettingen/32877135X.pdf.

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Cauchi, Francesca. "The tragic buffoon : Zarathustra contra Zarathustra." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.321394.

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Silva, AntÃnio Klinger GuedÃlha da. "Probabilidade geomÃtrica: generalizaÃÃes do problema da agulha de Buffon e aplicaÃÃes." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2014. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=11715.

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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior
O presente trabalho tem por finalidades: demonstrar o problema da agulha de Buffon, fazer uma pequena generalizaÃÃo do resultado obtido e apresentar aplicaÃÃes baseadas nos fundamentos do referido problema. O problema da agulha de Buffon estÃ inserido no estudo da Teoria das Probabilidades, particularmente na subÃrea de probabilidade geomÃtrica. Para chegarmos Ã soluÃÃo desta questÃo, alÃm dos conceitos e propriedades atinentes Ã Teoria das probabilidades Ã necessÃrio o conhecimento de noÃÃes bÃsicas do cÃlculo integral. Nos capÃtulos 2, 3 e 4 Ã apresentado um estudo preliminar sobre probabilidade, com os conceitos bÃsicos, propriedades e a formulaÃÃo de alguns modelos probabilÃsticos. Durante o desenvolvimento do trabalho, sempre que possÃvel, os conceitos e definiÃÃes sÃo inseridos com o auxÃlio de um problema motivador e para fixaÃÃo dos mesmos sÃo mostrados exemplos resolvidos. O Ãltimo capÃtulo evidencia a importÃncia do problema de Buffon como mÃtodo para realizar estimativas e como fundamento para o processo de captaÃÃo de imagens pelos aparelhos de tomografia computadorizada, um grande avanÃo para a Medicina no que diz respeito ao diagnÃstico por imagens.
This paper has the objective of showing Buffon's needle problem, doing a minor generalization of the results obtained hereby, and also presenting some applications based upon the fundamentals of such problem. Buffon's needle problem has been inserted into the study of Theory of Probability, particularly in its sub-area of geometrical probability. In order to attain the solution to this question, in addition to the concepts and the properties concerning the theory of probabilities, it is necessary that one should have some basic knowledge about integral calculus. In chapters 2, 3, and 4 there is a preliminary study of probability, with the basic concepts, properties and formulation of some probabilistic models being presented. During the development of this paper, whenever it was possible, the concepts and definitions were inserted with the aid of a motivational problem and they were solved by means of fixing the same examples as shown. The final chapter presents the importance of Buffon's needle problem as a method of making estimates and as a foundation for the process of capturing images in CT (computerized tomography) scanning machines, such a great breakthrough in what concerns the diagnosis by means of imaging.

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Silva, Antônio Klinger Guedêlha da. "Probabilidade geométrica: generalizações do problema da agulha de Buffon e aplicações." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2014. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/8109.

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SILVA, Antônio Klinger Guedêlha da. Probabilidade geométrica: generalizações do problema da agulha de Buffon e aplicações. 2014. 74 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Matemática em Rede Nacional) - Centro de Ciências, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2014.
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This paper has the objective of showing Buffon's needle problem, doing a minor generalization of the results obtained hereby, and also presenting some applications based upon the fundamentals of such problem. Buffon's needle problem has been inserted into the study of Theory of Probability, particularly in its sub-area of geometrical probability. In order to attain the solution to this question, in addition to the concepts and the properties concerning the theory of probabilities, it is necessary that one should have some basic knowledge about integral calculus. In chapters 2, 3, and 4 there is a preliminary study of probability, with the basic concepts, properties and formulation of some probabilistic models being presented. During the development of this paper, whenever it was possible, the concepts and definitions were inserted with the aid of a motivational problem and they were solved by means of fixing the same examples as shown. The final chapter presents the importance of Buffon's needle problem as a method of making estimates and as a foundation for the process of capturing images in CT (computerized tomography) scanning machines, such a great breakthrough in what concerns the diagnosis by means of imaging.
O presente trabalho tem por finalidades: demonstrar o problema da agulha de Buffon, fazer uma pequena generalização do resultado obtido e apresentar aplicações baseadas nos fundamentos do referido problema. O problema da agulha de Buffon está inserido no estudo da Teoria das Probabilidades, particularmente na subárea de probabilidade geométrica. Para chegarmos à solução desta questão, além dos conceitos e propriedades atinentes à Teoria das probabilidades é necessário o conhecimento de noções básicas do cálculo integral. Nos capítulos 2, 3 e 4 é apresentado um estudo preliminar sobre probabilidade, com os conceitos básicos, propriedades e a formulação de alguns modelos probabilísticos. Durante o desenvolvimento do trabalho, sempre que possível, os conceitos e definições são inseridos com o auxílio de um problema motivador e para fixação dos mesmos são mostrados exemplos resolvidos. O último capítulo evidencia a importância do problema de Buffon como método para realizar estimativas e como fundamento para o processo de captação de imagens pelos aparelhos de tomografia computadorizada, um grande avanço para a Medicina no que diz respeito ao diagnóstico por imagens.

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Paradis, Swann. "IMAGINATION, JUGEMENT, GÉNIE : la fabrique des quadrupèdes dans l'Histoire naturelle de Buffon (1707-1788)." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25813/25813.pdf.

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Notre thèse interroge la manière dont s’est construite cette portion de la monumentale Histoire naturelle, générale et particulière de Georges-Louis Leclerc, comte de Buffon (1707-1788), que la critique a nommée l’Histoire des quadrupèdes. L’œuvre de celui qui est considéré comme le plus grand naturaliste entre Aristote et Darwin, perçue comme le point de rencontre du scientifique et du littéraire, comme le dernier état d’une République des Lettres menacée par l’éclatement de l’unité du savoir classique, convoque plusieurs approches théoriques qui vont de la rhétorique classique (inventio, dispositio) à l’esthétique (du génie), en passant par la poétique (ou rhétorique profonde) et la rhétorique scientifique (de la preuve) ; toutes permettent de dégager les éléments d’une méthode qui est fondée sur les notions d’ars inveniendi, d’ars iudicandi et de « discipline » de l’imagination, qui vont permettre à Buffon de revisiter la faune (principalement la nomenclature et l’iconographie), telle qu’elle avait été présentée depuis les écrits zoologiques de l’Antiquité et de la Renaissance, jusque dans les relations de voyage des XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles. L’étude se divise en deux parties, respectivement consacrées à la mise en place d’un appareil conceptuel, puis à l’analyse de la pratique du « Buffon lecteur » de ses prédécesseurs. Nous montrerons que, dans la fabrique des descriptions animalières de l’Histoire des quadrupèdes, l’ars inveniendi se réalise à l’intérieur d’un cadre délimité par l’ars iudicandi (c’est-à-dire l’épistémologie) : le génie scientifique constitue en quelque sorte le chef d’orchestre qui maintient l’harmonie entre l’art du jugement et l’art de l’invention, ce qui va permettre à Buffon d’imaginer de nouvelles hypothèses (éthologiques, taxinomiques ou biogéographiques) et de progresser sur le chemin menant à la découverte.
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SILLIAU, VALENTIN CHRISTIANE. "Biologie et identite : la question des races humaines vue par les naturalistes l'identification biologique la reference biologique dans l'identification des hommes." Paris 7, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA070138.

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Que dit la biologie sur l'identite des individus et des groupes ? cette etude examine les problemes fondamentaux rencontres par les taxonomistes (que ce soit linne et buffon au xviiieme siecle ou les biologistes d'aujourd'hui qui identifient bacteries et virus) en reference a l'ancienne querelle entre nominalistes et realistes et aux questions posees par aristote,: comment definir un individu ? comment attribuer les termes genre et espece aux etres vivants ? comment respecter la continuite du monde vivant dans les classifications ? dans la tentative d'identification de races humaines, depuis buffon, l'incapacite des "biologistes" a faire abstraction des hierarchies raciales acceptees de leur temps, s'est ajoutee aux difficultes classiques de l'identification biologique, ce qui a empeche tout travail rigoureux dans ce domaine jusqu'a une periode recente. La definition du "genome comme logos " est discutee. La possibilite de definir materiellement un etre humain - par son genome et par l'activite de ses neurones - est examinee en utilisant la reflexion contemporaine (philosophy of mind ) et la critique de descartes par merleau-ponty. L'utilisation arbitraire des caracteres biologiques et des filiations dans l'attribution des identites individuelles et collectives est mise en evidence
This work deals with the fundamental problems encountered by taxonomists (linneaus and buffon, in the past, as well as modern-day biologists typing bacteria and viruses). It refers to the old dispute between nominalists and realists and to the questions of aristotle : is it possible to define a living thing as a unique entity ? how can the terms gender and species be applied to living being ? is there a way to acknowledge the cohesion of the living world ? attempts have been made to define human races. Since buffon, the inability of naturalists to cast aside the accepted hierarchies added to the difficulties of biological classification. This explains why no definitive study has been produced, in this field, until recently. This work discusses the genome as logos. It examines the possibility of a physical definition of a human beeing by using the genome and neuronal activity. It offers a critical study based on the contemporary philosophy of mind and on the analysis of descartes's views by merleau-ponty. This work posits that the use of physical traits and generational characteristics to" identify an individual or a group is arbitrary. In making the distinction among political entities, that which is inherently culturally acquired is frequently naturalised

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Bezerra, José Luciano Nascimento. "Probabilidade e probabilidade geométrica: além dos dados, moedas e cartas de baralho." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2015. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/14210.

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BEZERRA, José Luciano Nascimento. Probabilidade e probabilidade geométrica: além dos dados, moedas e cartas de baralho. 2015. 63 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Matemática em Rede Nacional) – Centro de Ciências, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2015.
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This work is a didactic-pedagogical approach to the study and teaching of Probability Theory in Basic Education, with emphasis on the concept of Geometric Probability, its importance and relevance to a more meaningful, effective and attractive learning. It begins with the history and evolution of this unique branch of Applied Mathematics, followed by a section with theory and practice by means of problem solving. The concept of geometric probability is introduced and developed in order to show how broad the theory of probability can be (as presented in textbooks in Brazil), both in terms of content, as well as applications and relations with other areas of mathematics itself. Some interesting and well-know applications in the literature are presented, analyzed and solved in a simple fashion, sometimes by making use of less elementary mathematics, others times by exploring only intuitive aspects. In this section, focused on the application of the concept of geometric probability, we deal with the solving of problems, such as the Problem of Buffon’s Needles, the Pasta Problem and the Problem of the Encounter, among others, closing with the problem of Bertrand’s Paradox. On the sequence the author offers his final remarks and appendix with some demonstrations of results in plane geometry that are used throughout the text.
O presente trabalho consiste numa abordagem didático-pedagógica do estudo e do ensino da Teoria das Probabilidades na Educação Básica, com ênfase no conceito de Probabilidade Geométrica, sua importância e relevância para uma aprendizagem mais significativa, efetiva e atrativa. Inicia-se com a história e evolução deste singular ramo da Matemática Aplicada, seguindo-se uma seção com teoria e prática através da resolução de exercícios. O conceito de probabilidade geométrica é introduzido e desenvolvido a fim de mostrar quão mais abrangente pode ser a Teoria das Probabilidades (como apresentada nos livros didáticos no Brasil), tanto em termos de conteúdo quanto de aplicações e relações com outras áreas da própria Matemática. Algumas aplicações interessantes e conhecidas na literatura são apresentadas, resolvidas e analisadas de modo simples, algumas vezes fazendo uso de matemática menos elementar, outras explorando apenas os aspectos intuitivos. Nesta seção voltada para as aplicações do conceito de probabilidade geométrica, trata-se da solução de problemas como o Problema das Agulhas de Buffon, o Problema do Macarrão e o Problema do Encontro, dentre outros, encerrando com o problema do Paradoxo de Bertrand. Seguem-se as considerações finais do autor e um apêndice com algumas demonstrações de resultados de geometria plana que são utilizados ao longo do texto.

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Wecker, Martin [Verfasser]. "Das verallgemeinerte Buffon-Experiment mit zwei unabhängigen Buffongittern und einem Büschel als Testobjekt / Martin Wecker." Hagen : Fernuniversität Hagen, 2010. http://d-nb.info/1004856687/34.

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Levacher, Maëlle. "La réception de l'Histoire naturelle de Buffon : la part du lecteur, de l'horizon d'attente aux réécritures parodiques." Nantes, 2009. http://ezproxy.normandie-univ.fr/login?url=http://www.classiques-garnier.com/numerique-bases/garnier?filename=MlrMS01.

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Depuis le 18e siècle jusqu’à nos jours, l’Histoire naturelle de Buffon a rencontré un étonnant succès, qui s’explique mieux dès lors qu’on analyse les rapports dialectiques, les formes de la réciprocité qui se sont instaurés entre le naturaliste et ses lecteurs. Nous étudions d’abord les éléments de l’oeuvre qui révèlent la communauté culturelle partagée par les lecteurs et l’auteur, et la démarche de ce dernier pour répondre aux attentes inhérentes à cette culture. Nous montrons ensuite comment Buffon tend un miroir à son public, inscrit son oeuvre dans l’actualité socioculturelle qu’il partage avec ses contemporains, et engage ces derniers à participer à l’élaboration même de l’oeuvre. Nous montrons enfin comment le public s’est approprié cette oeuvre au cours de trois siècles, pour l’exploiter, la diffuser et la parodier. L’histoire de l’Histoire naturelle, à bien des égards, est plus riche de la participation de ses lecteurs qu’on ne le pense ordinairement
Since the 18th century, Buffon's Histoire naturelle has been very successfull, which is better understood whenone analyses the dialectic relationships, the forms of reciprocity which have been established between the author and his readers. First we study the features of the works which show the cultural community shared by the readers and the author, and the latter's approach to meet this culture specific expectations. Then we show how Buffon holds a mirror to his audience, anchors his works in the social and cultural events which he shares with his contemporaries, and encourages them to participate in the creation of tthe work. We finally show how during three centuries, the audience has made this work their own to make he most of it, spread it and paprody it. The history of Histoire naturelle, in many respects, has enriched with the participation of its readers more than it is usually thought

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Simpson, E. M. "Le Devot Masque : The role of Buffon in the enlightenment and of religion in his life and work." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.374424.

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Hartmannová, Linda. "Mysterium und/oder Buffonade : die theatralen Elemente in Vladimir Nabokovs Приглашение на казнь." Universität Potsdam, 2011. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2012/5868/.

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- Einleitung - Die theatralen Elemente - Das Mysterium – Cincinnats Weg ins jenseitige „Там“ (Dort) - Die Buffonade – Das Diesseits der sowjetischen Theateravantgarde - Schlussbemerkung - Literaturverzeichnis - Zur Autorin

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Pfeiffer, Roland. "Die opere buffe von Giuseppe Sarti (1729-1802) /." Kassel : G. Bosse, 2007. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb410853903.

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Wattles, G. "Atheism in the philosophe movement from 1750 to 1775, with particualr reference to Buffon, D'Alembert, Helvetius, D'Holbach and Diderot." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.376018.

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Bergman, Olivia. "Konsten att bestämma π genom slumpen." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-68423.

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Syftet med detta arbete var att jämföra olika stokastiska processer som generar π, de olika modellerna som studerades var modeller baserades på Buffons-, Buffon-Laplaces- och kasta pil-problem och förutom att lösa respektive problem så undersöktes bland annat om det gick att skatta π med motsvarande problem i högre dimensioner. Innan problemen undersöktes fick läsaren en bakgrund med nödvändiga definitioner och satser inom sannolikhetsteorin, där bland annat Kolmogorovs axiomsystem, fördelningars täthetsfunktion, väntevärde och varians presenterades, men också olika definitioner av konvergens som i sin tur ledde till en sats: Deltametoden, en generalisering av Centrala gränsvärdessatsen. Allt detta tillsammans gjorde det möjligt att lösa problemen och sedan kunna jämföra dem med hjälp av respektive skattnings varians. Innan problemen undersöktes fick läsaren en bakgrund med nödvändiga definitioner och satser inom sannolikhetsteorin, där bland annat Kolmogorovs axiomsystem, fördelningars täthetsfunktion, väntevärde och varians presenterades, men också olika definitioner av konvergens som i sin tur ledde till en sats: Deltametoden, en generalisering av Centrala gränsvärdessatsen. Allt detta tillsammans gjorde det möjligt att lösa problemen och sedan kunna jämföra dem med hjälp av respektive skattnings varians.

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Buffo, Rainer Michael [Verfasser]. "Creation and Conversion of Wing-Tip Vortices / Rainer Michael Buffo." Aachen : Shaker, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1138177172/34.

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Berthouly, Cécile. "Characterisation of the cattle, buffalo and chicken populations in the northern Vietnamese province of Ha Giang." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003992.

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Biasin, Rodrigo Nappi. "Caracterização da qualidade superficial em diferentes etapas do processo de polimento por rodas flap e buffing." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UCS, 2016. https://repositorio.ucs.br/handle/11338/1370.

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Este trabalho dedica-se à caracterização das superfícies geradas durante as diferentes etapas do processo de polimento com rodas flap e buffing. O mesmo foi concebido tendo como base uma situação real de substituição de um processo de manufatura manual por um processo mecanizado. A mecanização do processo é importante, uma vez que os custos envolvidos de mão de obra e material são elevados, assim como os custos relacionados à rejeição de um componente nesta etapa de fabricação, devido ao valor já agregado ao mesmo. Devido à pouca informação disponível na literatura especializada sobre esses processos, foi constatado que a verificação dos elementos que compõem as superfícies geradas pelos processos é de fundamental importância para o entendimento dos mesmos. Com base nisso, foram estudadas as superfícies geradas durante as diferentes etapas que compõem o processo de polimento, de forma manual e mecanizada. As etapas consistem no polimento com o uso sequenciado de rodas flap com granulometria mesh P180, P240 e P320 e, por último, a etapa de buffing. Foram utilizados para a caracterização da superfície usinada: microscopia eletrônica de varredura por emissão de campo (MEV-EC), medição de rugosidade e medição de parâmetros de área superficiais (tridimensionais). Os resultados possibilitaram a identificação dos elementos que compõem a superfície, bem como a identificação das modificações da mesma durante cada etapa do processo de polimento. As medições dos parâmetros indicam diminuição da rugosidade a cada etapa do processo de polimento por rodas flap. Também sugerem que a superfície passou a apresentar picos mais agudos e vales mais rasos com a progressão do processo. Também foi possível comparar as superfícies geradas de forma manual e mecanizada. A última apresentou uma menor dispersão dos parâmetros medidos. A superfície final, gerada pelo processo de buffing, é equivalente para os processos mecânico e manual. No entanto, a medição dos parâmetros não apontou diferenças entre a superfície gerada por buffing e rodas flap 320, apesar de haver diferença visual entre ambas. Os resultados sugerem que isso esteja relacionado com a escala de atuação do processo de buffing, que atua numa escala inferior à detectável pelos métodos de medição utilizados.
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This work was aimed to the characterization of surfaces generated during the different stages of the polishing process with flap wheels and buffing. The process was designed based on a real situation of replacing a manual manufacturing process by a mechanized process. The mechanization of the process is important, due the high costs involved with labor and material, as well as costs related to the rejection of a component in this manufacturing stage, due to already added value to it. Due to the limited information available in specialized literature, it was found that the verification of the elements that compose the surfaces have a fundamental importance for the understanding of these processes. Based on this, the surfaces generated during the different stages that compose the manual and mechanized polishing process were investigated. The steps consist of polishing with the use of sequenced flap wheels with mesh P180, P240 and P320, ending with the buffing process. It was used for characterization: Field Emission Scanning Microscopy (FESEM), roughness measurement and surface area measurement parameters (three-dimensional). It was possible to identify the surface details, as well as changes of the same during each step of the polishing process. The parameters measurement indicates a decrease in roughness at each stage of the flap wheels polishing process. They also suggest that the surface began to show sharper peaks and shallower valleys with the progression of the process. It was also possible to compare the surfaces generated manually and mechanically. The latter exhibited a lower dispersion of the measured parameters. The final surface, generated by the buffing process is equivalent to the mechanized and manual processes. However, measurement of the parameters showed no differences between the surfaces generated by buffing and flap wheels 320 mesh, although there are differences between them. The results suggested that this difference it is related to the buffing process operation scale, which operates on a lower scale than detectable by measuring methods used.

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Bondavalli, Simona. "The buffoon and the magician : poetry, spectacle and critical discourse in the works of Pier Paolo Pasolini /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6629.

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Dunnett, Jane Deborah. "Sociocultural pertinence in translation: Dario Fo's "Mistero buffo" and its Quebecois transfiguration." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/10357.

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The aim of this thesis is to illustrate, through a case-study, the sociohistorical and ideological constraints to which the activity of translation is subject. Underlying the source text that was chosen--Dario Fo's Mistero buffo--there is one particular ideologeme which can be summed up as follows: 'the people have always been exploited'. In Michel Tremblay's 1973 translation, this ideologeme is converted into a different ideologeme: 'the Quebecois have always been exploited'. In order to shed light on this radical transformation, both plays are first situated in their sociocultural contexts and then analysed in terms of the social discourse that prevailed at the time of their reception in Italian and Quebecois society respectively. In this descriptive study the concept of 'pertinence'--as opposed to the translation's aesthetic merit per se--is employed as the chief criterion for interpreting translational shifts; the pattern of these shifts indicates that they are motivated principally by Tremblay's desire to make Mistero buffo correspond to the target audience's horizon of expectations.

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Techer, Julien. ""Faites par la pensée ce que nature fait quelquefois" : les usages de l'expérience de pensée au XVIIIe siècle." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE3060.

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Ce travail interroge la valeur du syntagme « expérience de pensée » rapporté aux textes de philosophie et d’histoire naturelle du dix-huitième siècle. La prégnance de ce syntagme, tant dans la littérature critique que dans son usage oral spontané ne doit pas occulter sa quasi-absence littérale au XVIIIe siècle, qui lui préfère d’autres noms : l’« investigation » rousseauiste, le « problème » de Molyneux ou les « expériences philosophiques » de Mérian. C’est donc le besoin de trouver le lien manquant entre cette quasi-absence littérale et cette volonté commune de caractériser conceptuellement certains procédés dix-huitiémistes en « expériences de pensées » qui motive notre recherche. À travers un corpus étendu mais représentatif (Lamy, Locke, Fontenelle, Condillac, Buffon, Rousseau, Diderot, Mérian, Fortis) nous analysons les procédés qui légitiment ou non le recours à l’expérience de pensée, en spécifiant les textes par une typologie nouvelle, fondée sur le rapport aux concepts de nature et de possibilité. À partir d’une étude générale du concept d’expérience de pensée, nous analysons son emploi à la charnière des XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles, par le renouveau des arts de bien penser et parler, puis à travers son importance dans les discussions scientifiques et philosophiques. Nous procédons à l’application typologique de ce qu’il nous semble nécessaire de nommer des espèces de l’expérience de pensée (imaginaire, hypothétique ou conjecturale, projective et extravagante) afin de mettre en évidence les ressorts connus du procédé, à savoir son scénario, sa vocation cognitive et son usage de l’imagination, tout en proposant d’autres données conceptuelles du travail d’écriture et de lecture de l’expérience de pensée : la place conférée à la fiction, l’usage des personnages et la fonction d’un lecteur capable d’expérimenter en pensée de manière rigoureuse et ludique
This work questions the value of the phrase “thought experiment” related to the texts of philosophy and natural history of the eighteenth century. The importance of this phrase, both in critical literature and in its spontaneous oral use, should not overshadow its literal quasi-absence in the eighteenth century, which prefers other names: Rousseau’s “investigation”, the “problem” of Molyneux or the “philosophical experiments” of Merian. It is thus the need to find the missing link between this quasi-literal absence and this common desire to characterize conceptually certain eighteenth-century processes in “thought experiments” that motivates our research. Through an extensive but representative corpus (Lamy, Locke, Fontenelle, Condillac, Buffon, Rousseau, Diderot, Mérian, Fortis) we analyze the processes that legitimize or not the use of thought experiment, by specifying the texts by a new typology, based on the relationship to the concepts of nature and possibility. Based on a general study of the concept of thought experience, we analyze its use at the turn of the 17th and 18th centuries, through the renewal of the arts of thinking and speaking well, and then through its importance in scientific and philosophical discussions. We proceed to the typological application of what it seems necessary to name species of the thought experiment (imaginary, hypothetical or conjectural, projective and extravagant) in order to highlight the known springs of the process, namely its scenario, its cognitive vocation and its use of the imagination, while proposing other conceptual data of the work of writing and reading the thought experiment: the place conferred on fiction, the use of characters and the function of a reader able to experiment in thought in a rigorous and playful way

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Bello, Arias Patricia, and Macedo Héctor Sánchez. "Plan de negocios en la paletería y nevería La Mexiquense, Tejupilco- México, 2020." Tesis de Licenciatura, UNIVERSIDAD AUTONOMA DEL ESTADO DE MEXICO, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/111725.

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TESIS EMPRESA HELADSO
La presente investigación, plasma una propuesta de un plan de negocios para una empresa ya consolidada en el mercado en el municipio de Tejupilco de Hidalgo. Se trata de la paletería y nevería La Mexiquense, cuya trayectoria remota desde el año 2004. Al ser un negocio con un giro rentable en la localidad se propone la implementación de un servicio buffet en las instalaciones mismo establecimiento. Dicho servicio ofrecerá la oportunidad de obtener una ventaja competitiva sobre los demás competidores que se decían a un giro similar. El servicio de buffet se conoce principalmente en establecimientos de comida, sin embargo, la localidad carece de este servicio, cabe mencionar que el servicio de buffet en este establecimiento estará encaminado principalmente a la línea de helados y productos propios del negocio. Una ventaja competitiva a la paletería y nevería La Mexiquense, permitirá atraer mayores clientes, por ende, mayores ganancias, la importancia de propuestas de un plan de negocios en cualquier empresa, cual sea su tamaño, si bien está encaminado a un alza en ventas, se reflejarán mayores resultados en las utilidades que perciba. Este plan de negocios incluye aspectos metodológicos de la investigación para llevar a cabo el proceso adecuado de la investigación, un marco teórico que incluye conceptos básicos y antecedentes propios del estudio, de manera general, se justifica y propone la idea del servicio buffet de helados en la paletería y nevería La Mexiquense, consta de cinco capítulos principales que abordan la idea a implementar, mercado, producción, organización, finanzas e impacto
UNIDAD ACADEMICA PROFESIONAL TEJUPILCO

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Villinger, Christine. "Mi vuoi tu corbellar : die Opere Buffe von Giovanni Paisiello : Analysen und Interpretation /." Tutzing : H. Schneider, 2000. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37120159v.

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Valleriani, Marco. "Religious themes, storytelling in Christian art and anticlerical strands in Dario Fo's Mistero Buffo." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.531313.

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Médevielle, Nicolas P. A. "La racialisation des Africains : récits commerciaux, religieux, philosophiques et littéraires, 1480-1880." The Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1155760915.

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Cotter, Cynthia Ann. "Buffoons and bullies: James Joyce's priests in "Stephen Hero" and "A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man", a study of revision." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1991. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/731.

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Zhang, Wei Yu. "Etude comparée de la réponse immunitaire du buffle et du mouton à l'infestation expérimentale par fasciola gigantica ou par fasciola hepatica." Rennes 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004REN10147.

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Les réponses immunitaires du Mouton (MT) et du Buffle infestés par F. Hepatica (Fh) ou F. Gigantica (Fg) ont été étudiées. Le Mouton est plus sensible à Fh qu'à Fg et le Buffle est sensible à Fg. L'augmentation des IgG spécifiques est précoce (SAI 1-2). Les MT/Fg reconnaissent des Ags de hauts PM et non les MT/Fh. La production d’éosinophiles et la lymphoprolifération induite par les PES sont plus fortes chez les MT/Fg. La production d'IFNg est précoce. La production d'IL-10 chez le MT/Fh est élevée durant toute l'infestation. Chez les MT/Fg la production d'IL-10 induite parles PESFh est plus importante que par les PESFg. Chez le Buffle/Fg, les Ags reconnus dans les PESFg sont principalement de bas PM. Les éosinophiles augmentent faiblement. La lymphoprolifération induite par les PESFg est précoce et transitoire. Les productions d’IFNg et d'IL-10 sont précoces et durent tout au long de l'infestation. Les PESFh semblent avoir un effet immunomodulateur supérieur à celui des PESFg.

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Médevielle, Nicolas P. A. "La racialisation des Africains récits commerciaux, religieux, philosophiques et littéraires, 1480-1880 /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1155760915.

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Nouailles, Bertrand. "Le monstre, ou le sens de l'écart : essai sur une philosophie de la vie à partir des leçons de la tératologie d'Etienne et d'Isidore Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00846655.

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L'objet de ce travail de thèse est l'analyse des monstruosités biologiques en tant qu'elles posent question quant à la nature même de la vie et quant à la puissance de la raison à pouvoir l'appréhender. En mettant l'accent sur le travail d'Étienne et d'Isidore Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, nous nous sommes attachés à montrer en quoi la tératologie parvenait à intégrer les monstres dans des procédures rationnelles - ici celles des sciences biologiques. Mais cette intégration se fait au prix d'un oubli : la dimension nécessairement normative du concept de monstre. Nous nous sommes alors efforcés d'intégrer cette dimension normative et nous avons alors mis au jour la question de savoir ce qu'est la vie en elle-même pour qu'elle soit capable de produire des êtres vivants monstrueux. Cette question nous a amené à élaborer une métaphysique de la vie selon laquelle elle est, en son être même, errance vitale. Penser les monstres revient à devoir penser la vie comme puissance d'écart.

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Gibson, Susannah. "The pursuit of nature : defining natural histories in eighteenth-century Britain." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/244381.

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Many histories of natural history see it as a descriptive science, as a clear forerunner to modern studies of classification, ecology and allied sciences. But this thesis argues that the story of unproblematic progression from eighteenth-century natural history to nineteenth-century and modern natural history is a myth. Eighteenth-century natural history was a distinct blend of practices and theories that no longer exists, though many individual elements of it have survived. The natural history that I discuss was not solely about collecting, displaying, naming and grouping objects. Though these activities played an important part in natural history (and in many histories of natural history) this thesis focuses on some other key elements of natural history that are too often neglected: elements such as experimenting, theorising, hypothesising, seeking causes, and explaining. Usually these activities are linked to natural philosophy rather than natural history, but I show how they were used by naturalists and, by extension, create a new way of understanding how eighteenth-century natural history, natural philosophy and other sciences were related. The first chapter is about the end of eighteenth-century natural history and looks at the role of the Linnean Society of London. It argues that this society tried to homogenise British natural history through the promotion of the Linnean sexual system of plant classification and through the suppression of the kinds of experimental and theoretical work described in this thesis. To understand that experimental and theoretical work, and to see what British natural history really entailed in this period, three central chapters focus on specific case studies. The second chapter shows how English-based naturalists such as John Ellis (1710-1776) approached the problem of distinguishing plants from animals, and especially about how they used chemical experiments to decide whether things such as coral and corallines should be placed in the animal or plant kingdom. The third chapter discusses sensitive plants and the overlaps between natural history and natural philosophy. It draws on case studies of naturalists who investigated things like plant motion and apparent plant sensitivity with different observational and experimental methods, and tried to explain them using various mechanical and vitalist explanations. The fourth chapter focuses on the controversy over whether plants (like animals) can be male or female and shows the theoretical and experimental tools that naturalists used to address this issue. Together, these chapters give a very detailed insight into the everyday practices and theories used by eighteenth-century naturalists and show the variety of activities that made up the field. The next two chapters focus on the identity and interactions of naturalists and show how they created a distinctive science: the fifth chapter is about how someone in England could go about becoming an authority on natural history in the late eighteenth century; and the final chapter looks outwards from Britain and examines how British natural history influenced, and was influenced by, European natural history; it uses correspondence to examine how British naturalists communicated with their overseas counterparts and what each party gained from those exchanges.

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Лук'янихін, О. В. "Статистичне обчислення числа Пі в досліді Бюффона." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2015. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/43351.

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У роботі розглянута класична задача теорії геометричних ймовірностей з експериментального обчислення числа Пі. Видатний французький вчений XVIII ст. Жорж-Луї Леклерк де Бюффон навів її разом із розв'язанням у доповненнях до "Природничої історії" в 1777 році. В рамках дистанційного курсу "Теорія ймовірностей та математична статистика" (http://dl.sumdu.edu.ua) створене інтерактивне практичне завдання для проведення досліду Бюффона.

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Cailliez, Matthieu. "La diffusion du comique en Europe à travers les productions d’opere buffe, d’opéras-comiques et de komische Opern (France - Allemagne - Italie, 1800-1850)." Thesis, Paris 4, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA040110/document.

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Cette étude de la diffusion du comique en Europe, à travers les productions d’opere buffe, d’opéras-comiques et de komische Opern dans la première moitié du XIXe siècle, porte dans un premier temps sur les livrets et leur circulation, puis sur la diffusion des œuvres, enfin sur les modèles structurels musicaux du comique et leurs transferts. Entré le premier dans l’ère de la « littérature industrielle », le théâtre français s’impose à l’échelle du continent et les librettistes français bénéficient du système avantageux du droit d’auteur. Déconsidérés et mal rémunérés, les librettistes italiens et allemands traduisent et adaptent en grande quantité des pièces françaises. Tandis que l’opera buffa connaît une incroyable diffusion en France et en Allemagne entre 1800 et 1850, aussi bien en langue originale qu’en traduction, et que l’opéra-comique suit son exemple en Allemagne en traduction, la komische Oper est rarement jouée en France, et les genres français et allemand restent inconnus en Italie. Les modèles structurels du comique italien, dont les opere buffe de Rossini constituent la plus célèbre expression, sont repris par les compositeurs français et allemands dans leurs propres ouvrages. Les compositeurs allemands empruntent également aux modèles structurels du comique français, si bien que le genre de la komische Oper consiste principalement en une synthèse franco-italienne. Dans une période caractérisée par l’essor des nationalismes, la circulation des œuvres, des librettistes et des compositeurs favorise paradoxalement la construction d’une unité de l’Europe par le rire
This study of the diffusion of comic in Europe, through the productions of opere buffe, opéras-comiques and komische Opern during the first half of the 19th century, firstly examines the libretti and their circulation, then the diffusion of comic operas, and lastly the musical structural models of comic and their transfers. The French theatre inaugurates the age of « industrial literature » imposing itself on the whole continent, and the French librettists benefit from the profitable system of royalties. Discredited and badly payed, the Italian and German librettists translate and adapt a great number of French plays. While the opera buffa enjoys an incredible diffusion in France and in Germany between 1800 and 1850, as well in the original language as in translation, and while the opéra-comique follows suit in Germany (but always in translation), the komische Oper is rarely played in France, and the French and German genres remain unknown in Italy. The structural models of Italian comic, of which Rossini’s opere buffe are the most famous expression, are taken up by French and German composers in their own works. The German composers also borrow from the structural models of French comic, so much so that the genre of the komische Oper ends up consisting principally of a synthesis of French and Italian elements. During a period characterised by the rise of nationalisms, the circulation of the works, the librettists and the composers paradoxically favours the construction of a European unity through laughter

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Oliveira, Sarah Reimann. "O Curinga no teatro Fórum: formação teatral e política pelo bufão." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/8032.

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The Forum Theater is one of the most widespread Theater of the Oppressed’s modalities. It was systematized in the 1970s and it approaches social and psychological opressions on the scene so that they are discussed and restaged by the public. The mediator between the forum-scene and the public is the joker. This work proposes an investigation between the Forum Theater joker’s language and the buffoon. The buffoon is a clown with origins in the medieval times that uses comicality mainly through grotesque body gestures and ironic speech. This research has as primordial objective to investigate political and theatrical buffoon’s characteristics being in Forum Theater’s joker in order to provoque the critical eye. To that end, it was accomplished a historical rescue of the Forum Theater, of the joker and of the buffoon by means of books and videos that bring concepts and practices about them; it was written about the Victor Turner’s social drama bearing in mind one of the research’s development axes: the study of the Cultural Performances and their relations with the Theater of the Oppressed; and it was effected an analysis of videos, found on the internet, about Forum Theater’s plays presented in the brazilian’s state capitals. The selected videos’ analysis was done parting from two categories, they are: Forum theater and jokering; and buffoon aspects. The analyis’ categories were guided through three questions: In what way the Forum Theater has been presenting regarding the criticality matters? Is there criticality in the spect-actors’ fruition through the jokering? Can the buffoons’ aspects contribute to the Forum Theater’s joker formation? The mainly consideration obtained in this investigation shows that part of the studied Forum Theater plays are politically emptied and don’t seek the spect-actor’s critical eye. Therefore is fundamental that the joker builds his/her acting game by the improvisational quality that is one of the atributes of the buffoon’s activities, in this way is going to be possible having criticality in the spect-actors’ fruition.
O Teatro Fórum é uma das modalidades mais difundidas do Teatro do Oprimido. Ele foi sistematizado nos anos de 1970 e aborda em cena opressões sociais e psicológicas para que sejam discutidas e reencenadas pelo público. O mediador entre a cena-fórum e o público é o curinga. Este trabalho propõe uma investigação entre a linguagem do curinga do Teatro Fórum e do bufão. O bufão é um palhaço com origem nos tempos medievais que faz uso da comicidade, principalmente, através de gestos corporais grotescos e falas irônicas. A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo primordial investigar características do bufão presentes no curinga do Teatro Fórum de modo que o olhar crítico do público seja provocado. Para isso, foi realizado um resgate histórico do Teatro Fórum, do curinga e do bufão por meio de livros e vídeos que trazem conceitos e práticas sobre eles; foi escrito sobre o drama social de Victor Turner, tendo em vista um dos eixos de desenvolvimento da pesquisa que é o estudo das Performances Culturais e suas relações com o Teatro do Oprimido; e se realizou uma análise de vídeos, encontrados na internet, de peças de Teatro Fórum apresentadas em capitais brasileiras. A análise dos vídeos selecionados foi feita a partir de duas categorias, são elas: Teatro Fórum e curingagem, e aspectos bufonescos. As categorias para a análise foram guiadas por três perguntas: De que forma o Teatro Fórum vem se apresentando no que tange as questões da criticidade? Há criticidade na fruição dos espect-atores através da curingagem? Os aspectos bufonescos podem contribuir para a formação do curinga do Teatro Fórum? A principal consideração obtida nesta investigação mostra que parte das peças de Teatro Fórum estudadas estão esvaziadas politicamente e não buscam o olhar crítico dos espect-atores. Portanto, é fundamental que o curinga construa o jogo de sua atuação pela qualidade improvisacional, que é um dos atributos das atividades do bufão, dessa forma poderá haver criticidade na fruição dos espect-atores.

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Cailliez, Matthieu [Verfasser]. "La Diffusion du comique en Europe à travers les productions d’opere buffe, d’opéras-comiques et de komische Opern (France - Allemagne - Italie, 1800-1850) / Matthieu Cailliez." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1125470011/34.

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Rodríguez, Bernal Núria. "El Debat americà al segle XVIII : opinions i controvèrsies sobre els Estats Units i els efectes en la seva construcció nacional." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/104482.

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La present tesi doctoral analitza la confrontació que va tenir lloc al llarg del segle XVIII entre el naturalista francès Georges-Louis Leclerc, comte de Buffon, iniciador de la teoria de la degeneració i la inferioritat americanes, i el principal redactor de la Declaració d’Independència dels Estats Units, Thomas Jefferson, qui va realitzar la desarticulació de la mateixa. S’ha dut a terme un buidatge en profunditat de les obres d’aquests dos autors que ha permès establir els paràmetres principals de les posicions corresponents, i s’hi han afegit també les d’altres autors secundaris que van participar en la polèmica de manera significativa per tal d’obtenir una millor perspectiva. L’objectiu primordial ha estat establir la importància d’aquest debat en la creació del discurs identitari de la jove nació nord-americana a través de l’estudi comparatiu de la influència en aquest sentit de les temàtiques més tractades.
This doctoral thesis analyses the confrontation that took place throughout the 18th century between the French naturalist Georges-Louis Leclerc, comte de Buffon, initiator of the American degeneracy theory, and the main writer of the United States’ Declaration of Independence, Thomas Jefferson, who dismantled it. The works of these two authors have been thoroughly examined in order to establish the main parameters of their corresponding positions. Also, the works of secondary authors who participated in the polemic in a significant way have been added in order to obtain a better perspective. The main goal has been to establish the importance of this debate in the creation of the identity speech of the young North American nation by using a comparative study of the influence, in this sense, of each one of the topics treated.

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Carteret, Xavier. "Michel Adanson (1727-1806) et la méthode naturelle de classification botanique." Paris, EHESS, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EHES0068.

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Michel Adanson (1727-1806) est un naturaliste français dont l'œuvre présente deux volets: un volet de taxinomiste (jusque vers 1770), un volet d'encyclopédiste (jusqu'à sa mort). Dans le domaine de la classification, il est l'auteur d'une méthode naturelle originale, qu'il a appliqué aux coquillages mais surtout aux végétaux, dans ses Familles des plantes (1763-1764). Notre étude porte sur cette méthode de classification. Nous avons tenté, en particulier, d'en retracer l'histoire, d'en proposer une explicitation et une interprétation. Les influences ayant marqué Adanson (philosophiques et naturalistes) ont été spécialement analysées, afin de dégager in fine la singularité réelle de la démarche adansonienne ainsi que sa modernité. La place des Familles des plantes dans l'histoire de la botanique devait être précisée, l'ouvrage ayant paru à une époque charnière, entre l'apogée du système linnéen et les recherches décisives menées par Antoine-Laurent de Jussieu à partir de 1770
Michel Adanson (1727-1806) is a French naturalist whose work falls into a taxonomic period (until around 1770) and an encyclopedic period (until his death). He is the author of an original natural method of classification, which he applied to mollusks and, most importantIy, to plants, in Familles des plantes, 1763-1764. This study is concerned with his method of classification. In-particular, the history of Adanson's method is explored, and an explanation and interpretation of it are proposed. Extra attention has been devoted to the analysis of the influence of philosophical beliefs and the actions of other naturalists on Adanson in. Order to delineate the uniqueness of the Adansonian approach and, as such, its modernity. The place of the Familles in the history of botany will be discussed in detail, as the work was published at a critical time between the peak influence of the Linnaean system and the watershed work brought forth by Antoine-Laurent de Jussieu, starting in 1770

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Bezerra, JosÃ Luciano Nascimento. "Probabilidade e probabilidade geomÃtrica: alÃm dos dados, moedas e cartas de baralho." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2015. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=15608.

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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior
O presente trabalho consiste numa abordagem didÃtico-pedagÃgica do estudo e do ensino da Teoria das Probabilidades na EducaÃÃo BÃsica, com Ãnfase no conceito de Probabilidade GeomÃtrica, sua importÃncia e relevÃncia para uma aprendizagem mais significativa, efetiva e atrativa. Inicia-se com a histÃria e evoluÃÃo deste singular ramo da MatemÃtica Aplicada, seguindo-se uma seÃÃo com teoria e prÃtica atravÃs da resoluÃÃo de exercÃcios. O conceito de probabilidade geomÃtrica Ã introduzido e desenvolvido a fim de mostrar quÃo mais abrangente pode ser a Teoria das Probabilidades (como apresentada nos livros didÃticos no Brasil), tanto em termos de conteÃdo quanto de aplicaÃÃes e relaÃÃes com outras Ãreas da prÃpria MatemÃtica. Algumas aplicaÃÃes interessantes e conhecidas na literatura sÃo apresentadas, resolvidas e analisadas de modo simples, algumas vezes fazendo uso de matemÃtica menos elementar, outras explorando apenas os aspectos intuitivos. Nesta seÃÃo voltada para as aplicaÃÃes do conceito de probabilidade geomÃtrica, trata-se da soluÃÃo de problemas como o Problema das Agulhas de Buffon, o Problema do MacarrÃo e o Problema do Encontro, dentre outros, encerrando com o problema do Paradoxo de Bertrand. Seguem-se as consideraÃÃes finais do autor e um apÃndice com algumas demonstraÃÃes de resultados de geometria plana que sÃo utilizados ao longo do texto.
This work is a didactic-pedagogical approach to the study and teaching of Probability Theory in Basic Education, with emphasis on the concept of Geometric Probability, its importance and relevance to a more meaningful, effective and attractive learning. It begins with the history and evolution of this unique branch of Applied Mathematics, followed by a section with theory and practice by means of problem solving. The concept of geometric probability is introduced and developed in order to show how broad the theory of probability can be (as presented in textbooks in Brazil), both in terms of content, as well as applications and relations with other areas of mathematics itself. Some interesting and well-know applications in the literature are presented, analyzed and solved in a simple fashion, sometimes by making use of less elementary mathematics, others times by exploring only intuitive aspects. In this section, focused on the application of the concept of geometric probability, we deal with the solving of problems, such as the Problem of Buffonâs Needles, the Pasta Problem and the Problem of the Encounter, among others, closing with the problem of Bertrandâs Paradox. On the sequence the author offers his final remarks and appendix with some demonstrations of results in plane geometry that are used throughout the text.

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Ставичний, Є. М. "Розроблення тампонажних систем для цементування хемогенних відкладів у свердловинах родовищ Дніпровсько-Донецької западини." Thesis, Івано-Франківський національний технічний університет нафти і газу, 2016. http://elar.nung.edu.ua/handle/123456789/36.

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Дисертаційну роботу присвячено розробленню тампонажних систем для цементування хемогенних відкладів у свердловинах родовищ ДДЗ з метою підвищення якості та забезпечення надійності кріплення свердловин. Проаналізовано особливості споруджування свердловин на родовищах ДДЗ та досвід їх кріплення у хемогенних відкладах. За допомогою сучасних методів аналітичного аналізу та експериментальних досліджень із використанням методів математичного моделювання, методик досліджень, приладів і матеріалів проведено оцінювання базових тампонажних матеріалів та розроблено тампонажні систем для цементування хемогенних відкладів. Обгрунтовано та підтверджено техніко-технологічну доцільність застосування КРТМ-ПВ та СБС для забезпечення якісного цементування нафтогазових свердловин. На основі методики ортогонального центрально-композиційного планування здійснено оптимізацію рецептур КРТМ-ПВ та СБС. За результатами промислової апробації тампонажних систем КРТМ-ПВ та СБС підтверджено їх технологічну зручність у використанні та адаптованість для цементування обсадних колон, що сприяло підвищенню якості та надійності кріплення свердловин у складних гірничо-геологічних умовах.
The thesis is devoted to the development of plugging systems for chemical deposits cementing in the wells of Dniepro-Donets Basin fields to improve the quality and reliability of well casing. The features of well construction in the fields of Dniepro-Donets Basin and the experience of well casing in chemical deposits have been studied. Basic plugging materials have been assessed and plugging systems for chemical deposits cementing have been developed with the help of modem methods of analytical analysis and experimental studies using mathematical modelling methods, research methods, devices and materials. Technical and technological application efficiency of KRTM-PV and SBS have been substantiated and confirmed to provide quality cementing of oil and gas wells. Formulations of KRTM-PV and SBS have been optimized on the basis of orthogonal central composite planning. According to the results of practical testing of cementing systems KRTM-PV and SBS, their technological usability and adaptation for casing cementing contributing to the quality and reliability of well casing in complex geological conditions have been proved.

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Reynaud, Denis. "Problemes et enjeux litteraires en histoire naturelle au dix-huitieme siecle." Lyon 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LYO20021.

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On peut etudier l'histoire naturelle sans la morceler ni la reduire a des debats theoriques (generation, evolution. . . ). Ce fut en effet un genre a part entiere, rival du roman, dont l'essor correspondit au 18eme siecle. Ce genre se definit moins par des objets specifiques que par quelques pratiques qui ont toutes un caractere litteraire. Quatre gestes scientifiques principaux - nommer, decrire, observer, experimenter - donnent lieu a des echanges varies entre science et litterature, necessaires et reciproques, puisque d'une part l'histoire naturelle puise dans la litterature la solution a ses problemes et que d'autre part, en traitant ces problemes, elle influence la litterature, et devient elle- meme litterature. Qui au dix-huitieme siecle, par exemple, a plus reflechi a la description et l'a mieux pratiquee que buffon, daubenton, reaumur ou adanson ? l'histoire naturelle est en outre engagee dans deux activites exterieures a la science : la vulgarisation et le commerce des lieux communs. Dans les deux cas le savant se trouve confronte a des problemes techniques et ethiques d'ecriture et de reecriture. On considere souvent ces soucis simplement comme des ecueils pour la pensee scientifique, et qui auraient pu etre evites ; mais c'est une originalite profonde et constitutive de l'histoire naturelle que la conscience aigue des contraintes liees au public et a l'intertextualite. Negligee aujourd'hui, l'importance des enjeux litteraires de l'histoire naturelle fut reconnue par les romanciers du 19eme siecle
Natural history can be studied without dismembering it nor reducing it to theoretical debates (generation, evolution. . . ). It was a genre in and of itself, rivaling the novel, whose blossoming occurred in the 18th century. This genre is defined not so much by specific topics as by certain practices which all have a literary nature. Four principal scientific procedures - describing, naming, observing, experimenting - give rise to a variety of exchanges between science and literature, both necessary and reciprocal since, on the one hand, natural history draws from literature the solution to its problems, and, on the other hand, by dealing with these problems, it influences literature and becomes itself literature. Who in the eighteenth century, for example, gave more thought to description and used it better than buffon, daubenton, reaumur or adanson ? natural history is, moreover, engaged in two non-scientific activities : vulgarizing and dealing in cliches. In both cases, the scientist finds himself confronted with the technical and ethical issues of writing and re-writing. These worries are often considered simply as snags in scientific thinking, which could have been avoided ; but natural history's strongest originality lies in the acute consciousness of the constraints pertaining to the public and to intertextuality. Neglected today, the literary stakes of natural history were recognized by the french novelists of the 19th century

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Jacobus, Rodrigo Maciel. "Um nobre bufão no reino da grande imprensa : a construção do personagem Barão de Itararé na paródia jornalística do semanário A Manha (1926-1935)." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/24327.

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A presente dissertação problematiza a construção do personagem Barão de Itararé, criado pelo jornalista Apparício Torelly (1895-1971), ou simplesmente Apporelly, em meio à paródia à grande imprensa que caracterizou o seu semanário humorístico A Manha (1926-1959). O período selecionado para proceder este estudo compreende a gênese do personagem, entre o surgimento do A Manha em maio de 1926 no Rio de Janeiro e a prisão do jornalista pela repressão do governo Getúlio Vargas em dezembro de 1935, quando encerra-se um ciclo da publicação. O Barão de Itararé popularizou-se como uma espécie de projeção de Apporelly nas páginas do periódico e, por intermédio deste personagem, o jornalista desenvolveu uma contundente sátira às elites brasileiras. O objeto de estudo aglutina estas três perspectivas, o homem, o seu jornal e o personagem que o representa, por indissociáveis que são, em torno dos quais se desenvolve a análise. Trata-se de uma pesquisa histórico-documental com caráter exploratório e descritivo, que procura situar este objeto no seu tempo e espaço, considerando-se não apenas o período do recorte proposto, mas também os antecedentes intrínsecos às relações sócio-culturais da sociedade de então. No mesmo sentido, busca-se identificar o papel da imprensa neste período, bem como o jornalismo praticado pela mesma e os traços do humor paródico intrínseco à obra de Apparício Torelly. Compreende-se, nestes aspectos, a base teórica para identificar a relação entre o objeto e a grande imprensa da época. Estes pressupostos reunidos são confrontados junto à análise do corpus, formado por 20 matérias selecionadas ao longo da trajetória do personagem no intervalo estipulado, calcando-se na teoria do personagem e na narratologia enquanto ferramental polarizador dos âmbitos teórico e metodológico propostos. A pesquisa apontou que, ao longo destes dez anos, A Manha realmente fundou-se em uma categórica paródia à grande imprensa da época, apropriando-se dos mais variados aspectos desta para conformar as bases da sua sátira. Igualmente, o personagem inserido neste âmbito é construído como uma representação dos setores sociais hegemônicos de então, cuja participação nos principais momentos históricos e aproximação com a imprensa da época, revelavam as relações de poder intrínsecas à participação destes agentes sociais nos eventos que orientavam os rumos do país. Neste sentido, este personagem inicia sua carreira como proprietário de um grande jornal, o nosso querido diretor, transformando-se no militar que comanda a Revolução de 1930, o marechal-almirante, para, então, tornar-se herói de uma batalha que não ocorreu, o Barão de Itararé, estendendo sua paródia satírica às mais diversas representações das oligarquias nacionais. A sátira do Barão, por sua vez, será ainda mais amplificada com as condecorações subseqüentes, que o elevariam a Duque, Grão-Duque e Imperador. Trata-se de um percurso linear, no qual as características progressivamente vão somando-se umas às outras, em uma construção hiperbólica do mesmo personagem. De modo complementar, inferiu-se que este personagem metaforicamente representava uma fantasia que o homem Apporelly vestia nas páginas d’A Manha, através do qual se transfigurava em uma espécie de bufão-mor da cena política brasileira.
This thesis searches the character Baron of Itararé’s construction by journalist Apparício Torelly (1895-1971), or simply Apporelly, amid the parody to the great press that characterized his humorous weekly publication A Manha (1926-1959). The period selected for this thesis to developing understand the character's genesis, among the appearance of A Manha in May of 1926 in Rio de Janeiro and the journalist's prison by Getúlio Vargas government's repression in December of 1935, when he closes up a cycle of the publication. The Baron of Itararé became popular as a type of projection of Apporelly in the pages of the newspaper and, through this character, the journalist developed a fierce satire to the Brazilian elites. The study object, then, agglutinates these three perspectives, the man, his newspaper and the character that represents him, impossible to dissociate, around which grows the analysis. It is treated of a historical-documental research with exploratory and descriptive character, which tries to place this object in its time and space, not just considering the period of the proposed cutting, but also the intrinsic antecedents to the partner-cultural relationships of the society of this epoch. In the same sense, it tries to identify the paper of the press in this period, as well as the journalism practiced and the lines of the parodic humor intrinsic to Apparício Torelly's work. It is understood, in these aspects, the theoretical base to identify the relationship between the object and the great press of the time. These gathered presuppositions are confronted to the analysis of the corpus close to, formed by 20 matters selected along the character's path in the stipulated interval, being stepped on in the character's theory and in the narratology while polarizer tools in theoretical and methodological extents proposed. The research showed that, along these ten years, A Manha was really founded in a categorical parody to the great press of the time, appropriating most varied aspects of this to conform the bases of its satire. Equally, the character inserted in this extent is built as a representation of the hegemonic social sections of this period, whose participation in the main historical moments and approach with the press of the time, revealed the intrinsic relationships of power to these social agents' participation in the events that guided the ways of the country. In this sense, this character begins his career as owner of a great newspaper, our dear director, becoming the military that commands the Revolution of 1930, the marshal-admiral, for, then, to turn hero of a battle that didn't happen, the Baron of Itararé, extending his satirical parody to the most several representations of the national oligarchies. The Baron's satire, for its time, will still be more amplified with the subsequent decorations, which would elevate him to Duke, Grain-duke and Emperor. It is a lineal course, in which the characteristics progressively are going being added each other, in a hyperbolic construction of the same character. As a complement, it was inferred that this character metaphorically represented a fantasy that the man Apporelly dressed in the pages of A Manha, through which he was transfigured in a type of biggest buffoon of the Brazilian political scene.

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46

Miguel, Eve. "Contacts et diffusion de pathogènes des ongulés sauvages aux ongulés domestiques Africains." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20064/document.

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L’augmentation depuis une trentaine d’années des maladies infectieuses dites émergentes ou ré-émergentes chez l’homme, causées à plus de 70% par des pathogènes issus d’espèces hôtes animales (i.e. Ebola, SIDA), stimule l’étude de systèmes éco-épidémiologiques à l’interface entres populations humaines et animales (i.e. sauvages et/ou domestiques).Le contact entre hôtes est un phénomène important dans l’étude de ces systèmes car il permet la transmission des pathogènes entre individus et la diffusion de maladie au sein et entre populations. Nous avons choisi la maladie de la fièvre aphteuse comme modèle d’étude de la transmission de pathogènes des populations sauvages vers les populations domestiques. Le buffle africain (Syncerus caffer) étant le réservoir présumé de cette maladie fortement contagieuse, nous nous sommes interrogés sur les conditions de transfert au bétail (Bos taurus et Bos indicus) du virus aphteux aux frontières de trois parcs nationaux africains qui constituent des interfaces entre espaces anthropiques et protégés perméables aux mouvements d’animaux. Dans le cadre de ce doctorat 4 protocoles ont été mis en place entre 2010 et 2011 au Zimbabwe. Premièrement, des colliers GPS (Global Positionning System) ont été déployés sur des bovins sauvages/domestiques pour décrire leurs déplacements dans le paysage et quantifier les contacts interspécifiques. Des colliers furent également posés sur l’une des espèces prédatrices de ces ongulés: le lion (Panthera leo). L’intégration de la guilde des prédateurs nous a permis d’estimer les modifications de l’utilisation de l’espace par les herbivores en réponse à la présence de carnivores et les conséquences en termes de contacts et de transmission interspécifique de pathogènes. Deuxièmement, un suivi longitudinal sérologique sur le bétail a complété le protocole télémétrique avec des prélèvements répétés sur des individus marqués selon le cycle saisonnier. Troisièmement, les contacts au sein des populations de bovins domestiques ont été caractérisés par des enquêtes auprès des éleveurs. Quatrièmement, le rôle potentiel de la diversité des hôtes sur le risque infectieux d’un écosystème a été exploré par l’estimation de densité de macro-parasites dans le paysage selon une variation de la gamme d’hôtes potentiels (i.e. (i) sauvages, (ii) sauvages et domestiques et (iii) uniquement domestiques).Nos résultats montrent que (1) les taux d’interaction interspécifiques, estimés par télémétrie, varient entre sites et présentent une saisonnalité prononcée (i.e. pic saison sèche chaude). (2) La distribution des ressources conditionne la périodicité et la distribution de ces contacts dans les différents compartiments du paysage. (3) La fréquence des incursions du bétail dans un espace protégé ainsi que les taux de contacts avec les buffles influencent positivement la probabilité d’acquisition d’anticorps anti-aphteux chez le bétail. La probabilité de perte d’anticorps est également fonction du niveau d’interaction avec les buffles mais selon une relation négative. (4) La densité du réseau d’interaction intra-spécifique domestique influence positivement l’incidence sérologique de la fièvre aphteuse. (5) La présence de prédateurs supérieurs dans le paysage permettrait de limiter les incursions du bétail dans les espaces protégés et diminuerait la probabilité d’infection par les populations d’hôtes sauvages. (6) Enfin les densités de macro-parasites dans la végétation sont supérieures dans des espaces communaux sans interaction avec les populations sauvages et où la richesse spécifique des hôtes est plus faible. Les résultats de cette étude sur la transmission interspécifique de pathogènes entre populations sauvages et domestiques dans les écosystèmes tropicaux ouvrent des champs de réflexion encore largement inexplorés, notamment sur l’évolution de la virulence et des modes de transmission des pathogènes ayant comme hôtes des populations sympatriques sauvages et domestiques
Emerging or re-emerging diseases in human populations have increased over the last thirty years. Since 70% of such diseases are caused by pathogens originating from animal hosts (i.e. Ebola, AIDS, and avian influenza), this increase has prompted the study of eco-epidemiological systems that occur at the interface between human and animal populations (i.e. wild and/or domestic). Contacts between hosts are particularly important factors in these systems since they result in pathogen transmission among individuals and, therefore, disease diffusion within and among populations. We used foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) as a model to study pathogen transmission from wild to domestic populations. As the African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) is the presumed reservoir of this highly contagious disease, we examined the conditions in which the virus was transmitted to cattle sensitive to the disease (Bos taurus and Bos indicus) at the borders of African national parks; these areas are interfaces between anthropogenic and protected areas in which animals can move freely.In the context, 4 protocols were implemented between 2010 and 2011 in Zimbabwe. First, GPS (Global Positioning System) collars were placed on cattle and buffalo in order to describe and analyze their movements across the landscape as well as to quantify interspecific contacts. In one of the study sites, collars were attached to one of the predators of these ungulates: the lion (Panthera leo). By integrating the predator guild into our telemetry protocols, we could examine the potential changes in spatial use by cattle and buffalo in response to predator presence and their consequences for contact dynamics and interspecific pathogen transmission. Second, a longitudinal serological survey was conducted in which tagged individuals were sampled repeatedly over the course of different seasons. Third, to characterize contacts within the domestic host population, interviews were conducted with cattle owners regarding their husbandry practices across seasons. Fourth, to describe the potential role of host diversity in ecosystem infection risks, macroparasite density (i.e. ticks) was estimated for landscape compartments that contrasted in terms of potential hosts present (i.e. (i) wild, (ii) domestic and wild, and (iii) domestic only).Our study primarily shows the following results. (1) Interspecific interaction rates, as estimated by telemetry, vary between sites and have a pronounced seasonality (peak occurs during the hot dry season). (2) Resource distribution (i.e. water and grazing areas) seems to condition the frequency and distribution of these contacts in the different landscape compartments. (3) Cattle incursion frequencies into protected areas and the frequency and intensity of contact with buffalo significantly positively affect the probability of foot-and-mouth antibody acquisition in cattle. The probability of antibody loss in cattle is also a function of diminished rates of interaction with buffalo. (4) Intraspecific interaction densities positively influence FMD serological incidence in cattle. (5) Top predator presence in the landscape could limit cattle incursion into protected areas and reduce the likelihood of their being infected by wild host populations. (6) Finally, the estimated densities of macroparasites in the vegetation were higher in communal spaces where there was no interaction with wild hosts and where host species richness was weak.The results of this study on the interspecific transmission of pathogens between wild and domestic populations in tropical ecosystems encourage the exploration of research topics that are still largely unexplored, including the evolution of virulence transmission modes of pathogens hosted by sympatric wild and domestic populations

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47

Hatley, Lucille. "The nature of agritourism in the Buffalo City Municipality." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1593.

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Thesis (MTech (Tourism and Hospitality Management)) Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2009
In the Buffalo City Municipality (BCM) in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa, there is a need to supplement income for farmers and to create employment to assist in the alleviation of poverty. Agritourism has been identified as an opportunity for growth and development as it has the potential to meet those needs. A study was undertaken to evaluate the nature of Agritourism in Buffalo City Municipality. The research was undertaken to investigate the characteristics of farms; demographic information of farmers; details of the type of farming and/or other relevant income-generating activities that are being undertaken; and the resources available. The study also included research into the activities that farmers would like to introduce on to farms; resources required and obstacles preventing farmers from developing Agritourism; and assistance required in developing Agritourism knowledge and skills. Data was collected from farmers in BCM. Non-probability, purposive, snowball sampling was used due to the lack of an adequate database of rural land ownership in BCM although this did not lead to a sample that was representative of the population, it was the most suitable for the study. Thirty-six farmers were visited by fieldworkers who administered structured questionnaires. The data was then analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS).

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48

Jendari, Aziz. "Ironie et poésie. Théorie et pratique de l'écriture oblique dans l'oeuvre de Francis Ponge." Phd thesis, Ecole normale supérieure de lyon - ENS LYON, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00701171.

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Cette étude porte sur le rôle important dévolu à l'écriture oblique dans l'œuvre de Francis Ponge, à travers les notions d'ironie et d'humour. En s'appuyant à la fois sur les nombreuses déclarations de l'auteur concernant l'importance de ces notions dans son œuvre et sur les recherches les plus actuelles qui tentent de cerner ces catégories complexes et embarrassantes, on définit l'ironie non comme simple figure d'inversion mais comme fait rhétorique englobant une multitude de pratiques discursives. Plus précisément, on l'envisage comme un phénomène polyphonique et intertextuel dont la spécificité réside d'une part dans sa dimension critique et, d'autre part, dans son ambiguïté énonciative. L'humour est quant à lui envisagé comme jeu contestataire inscrit dans l'ordre de la langue. Dès lors, ironie et humour peuvent être considérés comme deux formes, différentes et complémentaires, de métadiscours critique qui couvrent tout le champ de la poétique pongienne : rhétorique, esthétique et éthique. La première partie s'attache à dégager les conditions et la constitution d'une posture ironique à partir des textes antérieurs à la poétique du parti pris, souvent négligés par la critique mais qui se révèlent essentiels en ce qu'ils problématisent les enjeux et les intuitions de la poétique pongienne. La deuxième partie est consacrée aux stratégies discursives à l'œuvre dans les textes, envisagées aussi bien en termes de figures et procédés que comme dispositifs textuels d'ensemble, lesquels ouvrent la voie vers une esthétique de l'ironie. Enfin, la troisième partie est consacrée au projet politique et moral qui sous-tend l'œuvre de Ponge et tente de cerner l'ironie et l'humour comme manifestations de la position éthique de l'auteur.

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49

Dang, Benjamin. "Bouffons des temps modernes : figures de morosophes dans les oeuvres théâtrales d'Alfred Jarry, Michel de Ghelderode, Samuel Beckett, Roland Dubillard & Alain Badiou." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMC013.

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Malgré l’ancienneté du personnage populaire, la notion de bouffon a tardé à entrer dans le vocabulaire critique des études littéraires. Pourtant le bouffon, qui s’appréhende à travers la fonction sociale de critique dont il s’acquitte, peut se définir par le prisme de l’histoire de la folie, qui implique une réflexion anthropologique et sociologique, et de l’histoire du spectacle, à la croisée de la littérature et des arts. Le présent travail élucide donc, à travers leurs représentations au théâtre, les attributs et les fonctions des bouffons du XXe siècle. Le XXe siècle a été choisi comme cadre temporel car ce siècle est marqué par deux transformations majeures. D’une part, il est frappé par ce que Jean-François Mattéi appelle une « crise du sens », phénomène global de mise en péril de la signification et de l’orientation de l’existence dans une ère post-métaphysique. Le bouffon pouvant être considéré comme un vecteur de critique socio-politique et de médiation métaphysique, interroger son insertion dans une telle crise permet de mettre en lumière les aspects saillants de sa définition. D’autre part et concomitamment, le siècle connaît aussi une révolution théâtrale opérée grâce à la libération des codes langagiers, à l’avènement de l’espace dans la théorie et la pratique théâtrales, et à l’exploitation des moyens électriques nouveaux qui promeuvent l’art de la scénographie. En tant qu’outil d’exploration esthétique, la figure du bouffon permet de mettre en lumière les caractéristiques de cette révolution, et vice-versa. Il s’agit donc ici de questionner le réinvestissement moderne de la figure traditionnelle du bouffon comme reflet de la révolution théâtrale et, par conséquent, comme réponse à la crise du sens. Le corpus réunit une sélection parmi les œuvres théâtrales d’Alfred Jarry, Michel de Ghelderode, Samuel Beckett, Roland Dubillard et Alain Badiou. La période s’étend de 1896, année marquée par la création d’Ubu roi, à 2018, date à laquelle le dernier chapitre de la saga d’Ahmed est proposé à la scène. L’étude repose majoritairement sur l’étude de texte en s’appuyant au maximum sur la réalisation scénique, par l’entremise de témoignages ou d’articles de presse. La première partie est consacrée à un parcours historique du bouffon depuis l’Antiquité afin de mieux mettre en perspective sa modernité dans la deuxième partie, où il fait l’objet d’une typologie. On y voit alors que les bouffons modernes se réapproprient toutes les traditions dans un grand syncrétisme. La troisième partie met l’accent sur les spécificités modernes dans l’inventivité langagière, dans l’exploitation du comique burlesque et dans la promotion d’un humour empreint de tragique. La dernière partie peut alors clarifier les réponses socio-politiques, métaphysiques et théâtrales apportées par ces bouffons qui accèdent au titre de « morosophes », c’est-à-dire de « fous sages »
Even if jesters are very popular characters, the very concept barely exists in critical vocabulary. Jesters, which play an important role in every society, can be defined throughout the history of madness, implicating a sociological and anthropological approach, as well as throughout the history of theater, located at the cross-section of arts and literature. This research sheds light on the characteristics and functions of jesters in the 20th century. The 20th century was a post-metaphysical age marked by two significant transformations. First, a “crisis of purpose” defined by Jean-François Mattéi as a loss of meaning in life. Since jesters invite us into a socio-political and a metaphysical critique, it only makes sense to question their role in that matter. Secondly, the 20th century was home to a revolution in drama, seen through linguistic experimentations, the introduction of space in theatrical theory and practice, and the exploitation of new electrical technologies that advanced the art of scenography. As natural explorers of new aesthetic forms, jesters had a great role to play in this revolution. This research questions the use of jesters in the modern times, showing how they echo the dramatic revolution, and therefore help society to overcome the crisis of purpose. The corpus is a selection of theatrical works from Alfred Jarry, Michel de Ghelderode, Samuel Beckett, Roland Dubillard and Alain Badiou. The period of investigation stretches from 1896, the year in which Alfred Jarry’s Ubu Roi premiered, to 2018, marked by the debut of the final segment of Alain Badiou’s saga Ahmed. This study is primarily based on textual analysis, relying heavily on stage performances documented through interviews and press articles. The first section deals with the history of jesters, from Antiquity to the beginning of the 20th century, in order to understand their role in modernity, in contrast. It allows us, in the second part, to show how jesters reappropriated symbolic attributes in modern times, under the form of a typology. The third part returns to the fundamentals of madness, insisting on linguistic creativity and on a complex form of humour, a mix of burlesque and tragic effects. Only with this understanding of jesters can we begin to uncover how they came to be named “morosophs”, meaning “wise fools”, and how they can provide solutions to the crises of modern times

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Doron, Claude-Olivier. "Races et dégénérescence : l'émergence des savoirs sur l'homme anormal." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00876157.

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Cette thèse fait l'histoire conjointe des notions de " race " et de " dégénération/ dégénérescence " entre le XVIIe et le XIXe siècle. Elle envisage cette histoire tant du point de vue d'une épistémologie historique - " comment race et dégénérescence sont devenues les concepts de savoirs divers " (histoire naturelle, anthropologie, psychiatrie) - et d'une histoire des pratiques de gouvernement - " comment race et dégénérescence sont devenues des problèmes de gouvernement ". En prenant au sérieux la liaison entre ces deux notions, on vise à rendre compte de la formation, au XIXe siècle, d'un champ de savoirs qui se donnent pour objet ce que nous appelons " l'homme anormal ", c'est-à-dire cette figure bien particulière en laquelle la folie, la criminalité et les races " inférieures " viennent communiquer comme autant de déviations de la norme humaine, à la lisière du normal et du pathologique. Notre thèse décrit les catégories fondamentales qui organisent ce champ de savoirs. Plus profondément, il s'agit ainsi de montrer comment, loin d'être exclusif d'un discours universaliste et humaniste, loin d'être systématiquement corrélé à un dispositif d'exclusion, le discours de la race et de la dégénérescence est intimement lié à un humanisme théorique et pratique, ainsi qu'à des pratiques d'inclusion qui se focalisent non sur la race, la folie et le crime comme altérités radicales, mais comme des altérations qu'il convient de régénérer, de corriger et de perfectionner par des dispositifs de pouvoir particuliers. Ce sont les ambiguïtés et les apories qui logent au cœur de cette volonté d'inclusion et dans cette analyse de réalités hétérogènes en termes d'altérations d'une norme que nous étudions à travers ce parcours historique. Nous démontrons en particulier le lien profond qui existe entre l'entrée de la notion de " race " dans le champ naturaliste et une position monogéniste ; et d'autre part, qu'on ne saurait comprendre l'entrée de la même notion dans le champ politique et - plus généralement - le développement de tout un ensemble de savoirs sur l'homme anormal, sans les resituer dans la logique du libéralisme politique du début du XIXe siècle.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Buffone'

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