Academic literature on the topic 'Bugleweed'

Abstract Background: Plant extracts from species of Lycopus (bugleweed) and Melissa officinalis (lemon balm) have long been used as folk remedies in the treatment of hyperthyroidism1. In vitro studies have shown that extracts from bugleweed and lemon balm inhibit stimulation of thyroid hormone production by both TSH and Graves’ antibodies1. An in vivo study in rats showed that oral bugleweed extract alters extra-thyroidal T4 conversion2. Case 1: A 64 year-old woman presented for routine examination and was found to have a TSH of 0.01 mIU/L on 6/6/2016. Labs the next month showed FT4 1.4ng/dL (0.8-1.8) and FT3 4.7pg/mL (2.3-4.2). TSI was elevated to 275% (Normal<140%), consistent with Graves’. She did not have symptoms of hyperthyroidism. The patient’s cat had been treated for hyperthyroidism with Thyrosoothe (TS), a formulation containing extracts from bugleweed and lemon balm. After being diagnosed with hyperthyroidism, the patient began taking TS. On 9/12/16 the patient’s labs were improved with TSH 0.02mIU/L, FT4 0.88 ng/dL (0.8-1.8) and Total T3 86 (76-181). Three months later, the patient’s TSH was 1.89 with normal FT4, Total T3 and TSI. She took TS for 9 months. Her thyroid function tests have remained normal since starting TS, without the need for any other anti-thyroid medications. Case 2: A 46 year-old female presented with periorbital edema in July 2018 and was referred to an ophthalmologist, who diagnosed her with thyroid eye disease. She was also complaining of palpitations and “jitteriness”. She was found to be hyperthyroid on labs and was treated with methimazole (MMI) between August 2018 and February 2019, requiring doses of up to 10mg BID. In March 2019 she stopped MMI due to transaminitis and began taking a thyroid tincture containing bugleweed and lemon balm extract. She has remained euthyroid on the herbal tincture, her transaminitis has resolved, and she has not required any further anti-thyroid medication. Her TSI, which was 0.84 IU/L (Normal<0.55) in May 2019, normalized to 0.36 IU/L in June 2020, after 15 months on this tincture, which she is still taking. Conclusion: In vitro and rat studies of bugleweed and lemon balm extract have demonstrated anti-thyroidal effects. This is the first report of the use of these plant extracts in the treatment of two patients with Graves’ disease, in whom it led to restoration of euthyroidism and normalization of TSI titers. Further study of the anti-thyroidal effects of bugleweed and lemon balm in humans is warranted to evaluate its potential role as an adjunctive therapy in Graves’ disease.References: 1. Auf’Mkolk, M., et al. “Extracts and Auto-Oxidized Constituents of Certain Plants Inhibit the Receptor-Binding and the Biological Activity of Graves’ Igs*.” Endocrinology, vol. 116, no. 5, May 1985, pp. 1687–93. 2. Winterhoff, H., et al. “Endocrine Effects of Lycopus Europaeus L. Following Oral Application.” Arzneim. Forsch., vol. I, no. 44, 1944.

A green roof system was installed on an existing 35-year-old building. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of three substrate depths on low-temperature injury of six herbaceous perennials: bugleweed (Ajuga reptans), sandwort (Arenaria verna `Aurea'), sea pink (Armeria maritima), whitlow grass (Draba aizoides), creeping baby's breath (Gypsophila repens), and stonecrop (Sedum xhybridum). Plants in 4-inch (9-cm) pots were transplanted into three substrate depths: 2, 4, and 6 inches (5, 10, and 15 cm) and evaluated over a 3-year period. The analysis of the results showed that the species have different winter hardiness, therefore some species were subject to more freezing injury than others. Stonecrop had significantly more damage at 2-inch than 4- or 6-inch depths during the two winters. Bugleweed and creeping baby's breath showed more damage at 2 inches in 1996-97, not in 1995-96. Substrate temperatures were measured from Oct. 1995 to May 1997. Low temperature injury was more pronounced at 2 inch than at 4 or 6 inch depths. Minimum daily temperature and temperature variations measured in fall and spring of these 2 years were also higher at 4- and 6-inch depths.

In the fall of 2011, a bugleweed sample tested positive for Tobacco ringspot virus (TRSV). Immunocapture RT-PCR using cDNAs from bound virions with RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and coat protein (CP) specific primers both amplified strong, distinct products. Cloned RdRp and CP amplicons were 89% and 97% identical, respectively, to GenBank accessions U50869.1 and AY363727.1, respectively. These results represent the first confirmed report of TRSV infecting Ajuga reptans in Ohio. Accepted for publication 11 January 2012. Published 1 March 2013.

Hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism are two common thyroid disorders that have a major influence on world health. The thyroid, a butterfly-shaped gland in the neck, produces the thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), which control metabolism. These hormones affect growth, energy production, and other body processes. Whether hypo- or hyper-active, thyroid dysfunction impacts metabolic processes and can result in a variety of clinical symptoms and illnesses, such as goiter, autoimmune disorders, and benign and malignant thyroid nodules. The synthesis, storage, and release of thyroid hormones—which are regulated by the hypothalamic- pituitary-thyroid axis—are the main topics of this review, which also discusses the architecture, function, and pathology of the thyroid. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), which is secreted by the anterior pituitary and causes the thyroid gland to produce more T3 and T4, regulates the thyroid. The body's equilibrium depends on these hormones being released into the bloodstream. Iodide absorption, oxidation, iodination, coupling, and storage in the thyroid follicles are all steps in the manufacture of thyroid hormones. Iodine deficiency is the primary cause of thyroid disorders worldwide, however genetic, environmental, and autoimmune factors also play a role. Both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism are prevalent, with differing prevalence rates, in nations with sufficient iodine. Whereas hyperthyroidism results in symptoms like anxiety, heat sensitivity, and weight loss, hypothyroidism can bring despair, exhaustion, and weight gain. TSH, T3, T4, and thyroid antibodies are frequently measured as part of thyroid screening. Currently, beta-blockers, radioactive iodine therapy, antithyroid medications, and surgery are used to treat thyroid diseases. Since many thyroid disorders are linked to iodine deficiency, prevention is restricted to treating it. The body's equilibrium depends on these hormones being released into the bloodstream. Iodide absorption, oxidation, iodination, coupling, and storage in the thyroid follicles are all steps in the manufacture of thyroid hormones.due to hereditary or autoimmune causes. The potential therapeutic benefits of plants like *chamomile*,*bugleweed*, and *ashwagandha* on thyroid health are also being investigated. To improve the quality of life for people with thyroid problems around the world, evidence-based, context-specific guidelines for diagnosis, therapy, and care are crucial.

Cleyera (Ternstroemia gymnanthera), spreading lilyturf (Liriope spicata), Southern magnolia (Magnolia grandiflora), heavenly bamboo (Nandina domestica), mondo grass (Ophiopogon japonicus), climbing fig (Ficus pumila), and variegated waxleaf privet (Ligustrum japonicum ‘Variegatum ’) grown under 3 production light levels and shade-grown golden Japanese euonymus (Euonymus japonica ‘Aureomarginata’), plantain lily (Hosta ventricosa), King's Ransom Oregon grapeholly (Mahonia aquifolium ‘King' Ransom’), dwarf gold-dust plant (Aucuba japonica ‘Variegata Nana’), Wood's Dwarf heavenly bamboo (Nandina domestica ‘Wood's Dwarf’), Japanese anise-tree (Illicium parviflorum), and Pink Lady Indian hawthorn (Raphiolepis indica ‘Pink Lady’) adapted well to interior conditions following productlon. Bugleweed (Ajuga reptans) and variegated wintercreeper euonymus (Euonymus fortunei ‘Varietgata’) grown under 64% light exclusion were of acceptable quality while plants grown in full sun and under 47% light exclusion were of poor quality. Quality of Wintergreen Korean boxwood (Buxus microphylla koreana ‘Wintergreen’) grown under all production light levels was unacceptable after 15 weeks in the interior environment.

Salt tolerance of six Lamiaceae ornamental species was evaluated in a greenhouse experiment. Rooted cuttings were transplanted into 3.8 L (1 gal) pots and grown for three weeks in the greenhouse before treatment. Plants were then irrigated six times with a nutrient solution at an electrical conductivity (EC) of 1.2 dS·m−1 (control) or a saline solution at EC of 5.0 or 10.0 dS·m−1 (EC 5 or EC 10). Stachys coccinea (Texas betony) was the most salt tolerant among the six species tested, with less than 50% foliar damage and 56% reduction of dry weight (DW), and less than 10% reductions in gas exchange in EC 10 compared with nontreated plants. Perovskia atriplicifolia (Russian sage) and Lamium maculatum ‘Pink Pewter’ (spotted dead nettle) were moderately tolerant with slight salt damage and low mortality rates in EC 10. With visual scores of 3.1 and 3.9 (0 = dead; 5 = excellent), and DW reduction of 36 and 43% in EC 5, Russian sage and spotted dead nettle could grow well when irrigated with low quality water with EC less than 5.0 dS·m−1. Ajuga reptans ‘Burgundy Glow’ (bugleweed), Poliomintha longiflora (Mexican oregano), and Scutellaria suffrutescens ‘Pink Skullcap’ (cherry skullcap) were the most sensitive to salinity stress with a survival rate of 80% and 0 in EC 5 and EC 10, respectively.