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Journal articles on the topic 'Building adjustments'
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1
Leite, Francisco Morato, Renan Alves Volse, Humberto Ramos Roman, and Fernanda Aranha Saffaro. "Building condition assessment: adjustments of the Building Performance Indicator (BPI) for university buildings in Brazil." Ambiente Construído 20, no. 1 (March 2020): 215–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1678-86212020000100370.
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Abstract The Building Performance Indicator (BPI), not fully applied in Brazil, expresses objectively the overall condition of a building based on the performance assessment of the building systems that comprise it. Although BPI was originally developed for hospital facilities, it can be used in different types of buildings since its methodology is generic. The objective of the study is to adjust the BPI to allow its application in the maintenance management of Brazilian university buildings. The stages of the research consist of (1) adjusting the factors and criteria that comprise the BPI; (2) implementing the adapted BPI; and (3) verifying its utility and ease of use. The adjustment and implementation included a building for classrooms and another that houses a teaching and research laboratory, both located at University X. The results obtained allowed the comparison of the overall condition between the inspected buildings, which establishes the intervention priority helping to adopt the most adequate maintenance strategy.
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Muhammad, Maksey. "Preservation of the Historic City of Bandung through the Building of Cultural Heritage Group A." Built Environment Studies 1, no. 1 (October 22, 2020): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/best.v1i1.505.
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Bandung is one of the historical cities in Indonesia. Therefore, there are many historic heritage buildings adorning the city. According to local regulations, there are at least around 1700 cultural heritage buildings in the city of Bandung. The effort to preserve historic buildings has been carried out by the Bandung city government to maintain the historical value that exists in each building and its area. Along with the changing times, changes or shifts in the environment often occur in historic areas including social, cultural and economic. This has an effect on the complexity of preserving historic buildings, especially those included in class A cultural heritage buildings. One area that has a high historical value is Jalan Braga. Along the Braga street there are many classes A cultural heritage buildings, one of which is the Insulinde Building. The Insulinde building was built in 1917 as an oil factory office. During its establishment, the Insulinde building has changed functions 6 times. Its location in the Braga area makes adjustments to the building to the area need to be considered to see changes in the environment that occurs from year to year. This research uses qualitative methods by collecting data through literature studies and field observations. From the implementation of this research, it is expected to be able to contribute to the preservation of historic areas through its buildings as well as the adjustment of building functions seen from the shifting environment of the region.
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Qin, Runqi, and Xinjian Li. "A Preliminary Study on Green Building 3D Modelling Energy-saving Design Combined with Traditional Ecological Concepts." E3S Web of Conferences 237 (2021): 03021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123703021.
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By combining the green ecological wisdom on traditional Chinese residential buildings, this paper summarized the ideas that can be used for references and applications in modern green energy-saving design. In addition, in view of the inherent shortcomings of traditional residential buildings, this paper proposed a green energy-saving design method for traditional residential buildings based on 3D modelling technology, which is complementary to the traditional ecological construction concept. Based on the establishment of a 3D building information model of traditional residential buildings, the optimal solution for the energy-saving design of green buildings is found through energy-saving adjustments to the building space structure and building spacing parameters.
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Rufli, Henry, and Jakob Schwander. "A floating-station structure." Annals of Glaciology 47 (2007): 79–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756407786857839.
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AbstractLong-term maintenance of camp constructions on snow and ice surfaces involves repeated adjustments of the vertical position of buildings due to snow accumulation or ice ablation. The principle of a low-effort vertical-adjustment station structure is presented. The basic idea is to construct a floatable spherical-shaped building that can be lifted by adding water underneath, which will then refreeze, or can be lowered by melting ice away from the base. Under cold polar conditions, the power requirement for melting the base free is approximately 100 Wm–2 and is usually available as waste heat from the electric power generator of the station.
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Imagawa, Hikaru, Hom Bahadur Rijal, and Masanori Shukuya. "Study on the Stochastic Model for Excessive Air Conditioning Use in Japanese Dwellings." Journal of the Institute of Engineering 15, no. 3 (October 15, 2020): 153–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jie.v15i3.32173.
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Thermal adjustment is one of the most important behaviours. In daily life, we use some behavioural adjustments. It is not always obtained the optimal condition by the thermal adjustments. For example, it happens to use excessive air conditioning for thermal adjustments. Especially, the excessive air conditioning use is important issue not only for the human comfort but also for the energy use. The occupant behaviour stochastic model was proposed by some previous researches around the world. However, these models show only the state of the occupant behaviour, and thus the excessive adjustments are not known. The objective of this research is to clarify quantitatively the excessive thermal adjustments which are happened to be in the stochastic model. The thermal measurement and occupant behaviour survey was conducted in 120 dwellings during 4 years period in Kanto region of Japan. The number of samples collected was 36,114. We analysed the occupant behaviour stochastic model of the excessive cooling and heating use. The thermal sensation vote (TSV) and the thermal preference vote (TP) were used to classify the excessive air conditioning use. The proportion of excessive cooling use were increased when outdoor air temperature was increased. In addition, there were no significant difference between TSV and TP for calculating the proportion of the excessive air conditioning use in Japanese dwellings. These models are useful to understand the possibility of the energy saving. In the future, the model will be implemented in the building thermal simulation to predict the energy use in building.
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Buijze, Josien AJC, and Andrew J. Wright. "The potential for the Passive House standard in Longyearbyen – the High Arctic." Building Services Engineering Research and Technology 42, no. 3 (March 5, 2021): 307–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143624421996989.
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Passive building design reduces a building’s energy consumption through mainly non-mechanical design strategies. The Passive House (or Passivhaus) Standard certifies such buildings that comply with its strict energy performance criteria. Achieving the Standard is very challenging for dwellings in extreme climates. There is limited knowledge of the Standard’s potential in Arctic regions, particularly the High Arctic. Through a review of the literature and energy modelling of a hypothetical dwelling, the challenges in achieving the Standard in Longyearbyen (78°N), Norway are investigated. Very low temperatures and 112 days without daylight create a high heating demand. Whereas previous studies measured actual building performances or used simple calculations, the findings in this investigation show the limitations of individual design parameters and technical limits of the building envelope. In theory the Standard can be achieved in Longyearbyen; however, the potential in practice is low due to the very tight margins in the heating criteria. The results show the significant impact of applying contextual (climatic) adjustments to the boundary conditions of the Standard. The investigation could contribute to a discussion on modifying the Passive House Standard for dwellings in the High Arctic and improving building design for the region. Practical application: Current knowledge regarding energy efficient building performance in Arctic climates is limited, while the urgency for improved efficiencies is extremely high. The modelling in this work shows the valuable impact of contextual adjustments to the Passive House boundary conditions; the impact of individual design parameters; and the potential for significant energy savings through adopting passive house principles for dwelling design in Longyearbyen or similar climates. This investigation could encourage new policy making, additional research and the development of an optimized Passive House Standard that considers High Arctic climate conditions, thus encouraging new energy efficient building construction in cold climates.
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Cannon, Nathan H., and Jean C. Bedard. "Auditing Challenging Fair Value Measurements: Evidence from the Field." Accounting Review 92, no. 4 (September 1, 2016): 81–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/accr-51569.
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ABSTRACT Concern about effective auditing of fair value measurements (FVMs) has risen in recent decades. Building on prior interview-based and experimental research, we provide an engagement-level analysis of challenging FVMs, using quantitative and qualitative data on audit phases from risk assessment to booking adjustments. Challenging FVMs have high estimation uncertainty, high subjectivity, significant/complex assumptions, and multiple valuation techniques. Estimation uncertainty is associated with higher inherent risk assessments, which are, in turn, predictive of client problems identified during the engagement. The use of a valuation specialist by auditors, associated with higher inherent risk and client specialist use, is a key decision: procedures performed by specialists have the highest yield in identifying problems. Auditor-client discussion of an adjustment increases with problem identification and auditors' expressions of residual concern about uncertainty post-testing. However, booked audit adjustments are infrequent; the only factors explaining income-decreasing adjustments are better evidential support and breadth of problems identified.
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Zilivinskaya, Emma D. "Monumental Structures of Bilyar: new approach. Buildings with Underfloor Heating." Povolzhskaya Arkheologiya (The Volga River Region Archaeology) 4, no. 34 (December 15, 2020): 145–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.24852/pa2020.4.34.145.158.
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The article discusses the monumental buildings of Bilyar, located in the citadel of the fortified settlement. Great mosque of Bilyar and other public buildings were investigated in the 70s of XX century. At the same time their reconstruction, which became canonical were made. Consideration of Bilyar buildings in the context of the architecture of the entire Muslim world makes it possible to make some adjustments both in the interpretation of buildings and in the elements of their reconstruction. The building with underfloor heating near the Juma mosque was considered the house of a feudal lord and was reconstructed as a two-story domed building. Another multi-room building with heated floors was interpreted as a caravanserai. Underfloor heating, plastering floors and walls with a water-resistant mortar, and a water drainage system indicate that these buildings were public baths. Like all eastern baths, they had one floor and were multi-domed buildings.
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Gao, Bo, Yu Dong, and De Ming Liu. "An Analysis on Parametric Design of Sports Building Structural Form." Advanced Materials Research 721 (July 2013): 636–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.721.636.
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With computer technology contentiously improving, parametric design has been playing much more important role in architectural design. Parametric Design, as a design method and a tool arisen with information age, is the most recent trend in architecture. Parametric design tool improvements and wide application options has undoubtedly motivated building structural design and brought up more complex architectural works, especially on nonlinear structures. Sports buildings, due to their special functions, it calls for structures that provide large span. Therefore, there are many technical requirements in the design of sports buildings. Traditionally, sports building form is limited by structural calculation. With improved computer technology, especially parametric design tools, sports building forms become more diversified, complex and nonlinear. Parametric design helps with the dynamic interaction between architects and heir work, consequently achieves quick design and dynamic adjustments of complex structures, simplifies the design process, and finally provides more efficient and direct design method for sports building design.
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Dini, Matteo, Raphaël Royer-De-Vericourt, Adrien Quaglia, Christian Reiser, and Jean-François Blassel. "Advanced method for fine-tuning of statically indeterminate interdependent cable systems." International Journal of Space Structures 33, no. 1 (March 2018): 61–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0266351118767373.
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In this article, a multi-objective optimization is presented to find optimal cable adjustment for statically indeterminate cable structures. Combining a constrained least-square method and the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II, a trade-off curve of potential solutions is generated from which a final set of cable adjustments can be chosen by the designer. Optimal solutions are measured against solutions found by a trial-and-error method on the George C. King Bridge case study. Results show that the proposed strategy can successfully find adjustments that significantly reduce overall tension errors, with fewer cables involved.
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Dang, Khoa, and Igor Trotskii. "Architecture For Automation System Metrics Collection, Visualization and Data Engineering – HAMK Sheet Metal Center Building Automation Case Study." Open Engineering 9, no. 1 (November 20, 2019): 561–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eng-2019-0065.
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AbstractEver growing building energy consumption requires advanced automation and monitoring solutions in order to improve building energy efficiency. Furthermore, aggregation of building automation data, similarly to industrial scenarios allows for condition monitoring and fault diagnostics of the Heating, Ventilations and Air Conditioning (HVAC) system. For existing buildings, the commissioned SCADA solutions provide historical trends, alarms management and setpoint curve adjustments, which are essential features for facility management personnel. The development in Internet of Things (IoT) and Industry 4.0, as well as software microservices enables higher system integration, data analytics and rich visualization to be integrated into the existing infrastructure. This paper presents the implementation of a technology stack, which can be used as a framework for improving existing and new building automation systems by increasing interconnection and integrating data analytics solutions. The implementation solution is realized and evaluated for a nearly zero energy building, as a case study.
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Conti-Jerpe, Inga E., Philip D. Thompson, Cheong Wai Martin Wong, Nara L. Oliveira, Nicolas N. Duprey, Molly A. Moynihan, and David M. Baker. "Response to Comment on Trophic strategy and bleaching resistance in reef-building corals." Science Advances 7, no. 23 (June 2021): eabi8666. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abi8666.
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Recently, we published a novel method used to assess the trophic niches of different coral species and demonstrated that their nutrition varied considerably, with some species highly dependent on their photosynthetic algal symbionts and others able to feed on plankton to meet energetic requirements. Adjustments to the use of this tool are necessary when it is applied to other scientific questions and symbiotic organisms. We respond to a comment highlighting a risk of bias in the methods, discuss suggested adjustments, and propose further refinements to improve method robustness.
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Groen, Jeffrey A. "Building Knowledge Stocks Locally." Economic Development Quarterly 25, no. 4 (December 13, 2010): 316–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0891242410388934.
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There is increasing evidence that the stock of college-educated labor in an area has fundamental effects on state and local economies through its association with wages, economic growth, personal incomes, and tax revenues. As a result, policy makers in many states attempt to increase the percentage of the state’s population (or workforce) that has a college degree through the use of various higher education policies that have the potential to influence the supply side of the labor market. This article reviews evidence on the effectiveness of these policies in achieving that goal. The author discusses several types of policies related to the finance and production of undergraduate education within a state, including expansions in degree production, merit-based scholarships, location-contingent financial aid, adjustments to the composition of enrollment by residency or by field of study, and internships with state-based employers.
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Levermore, Geoffrey, Stefan Vandaele, and John Parkinson. "Temperature adjustments for design data for urban air conditioning design." Building Services Engineering Research and Technology 39, no. 2 (December 20, 2017): 211–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143624417748246.
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The urban heat island, where the urban area air temperature is higher than the nearby rural or semi-rural air temperature reference site, is now hopefully well known. The urban heat island intensity is the actual urban air temperature minus the rural air temperature. However, the “air conditioned urban heat island intensity” is measured by the air temperature sensor in an air conditioning condenser unit minus the rural air temperature. This is often different to the standard urban heat island intensity. Designers need to appreciate this difference, as it determines how the air conditioning system performs. It is most likely affected by the radiant temperature. This can also vary significantly from the rural, semi-rural radiant temperature due to the variation in solar absorptance of the urban buildings and the shading effects. Measurements have shown significant variations in the infrared temperatures over the urban areas. Calculations of the radiant absorption and long wave radiation loss also show significant differences to the rural counterparts in frequency and magnitude. This “surface urban heat island” is important for air conditioning plant situated often in areas exposed to solar irradiation. The exhaust air from the air conditioning units itself is also briefly considered. This paper examines these effects and proposes how the engineer can include for them in design. Practical application:The results of this paper will be useful for designers of buildings with air conditioning and air conditioning plant itself to assess the effect of the micro urban heat island. This micro urban heat island surrounds the air conditioning plant. The example is for London.
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Hilliard, Trent, Lukas Swan, and Zheng Qin. "Experimental implementation of whole building MPC with zone based thermal comfort adjustments." Building and Environment 125 (November 2017): 326–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2017.09.003.
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Nienaber, Felix, Sebastian Wolf, Mark Wesseling, Davide Calì, Dirk Müller, and Henrik Madsen. "Validation, optimisation and comparison of carbon dioxide-based occupancy estimation algorithms." Indoor and Built Environment 29, no. 6 (August 29, 2019): 820–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1420326x19871332.
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The operation of heating, cooling and air-conditioning (HVAC) in buildings often adheres to fixed time schedules. However, associating HVAC schedules to the occupant’s presence patterns can save a significant amount of energy, reducing operation periods to the required minimum. Therefore, automated occupancy estimation provides valuable input to efficient building control strategies. This work discusses the validation and adjustment for two carbon dioxide-based occupancy detection algorithms based on data from ten multi-person offices. Both methods are based on a carbon dioxide mass balance equation. However, they follow two different philosophies. One model is deterministic and includes a more detailed representation of the system, whereas the other model includes stochastic elements and was based on fewer assumptions. Both approaches show similar and promising results. The advantages and drawbacks of each method are reviewed. Furthermore, adjustments of the algorithms to the given conditions and possible future improvements are discussed.
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Ahola, Mervi, Jorma Säteri, and Laura Sariola. "Revised Finnish classification of indoor climate 2018." E3S Web of Conferences 111 (2019): 02017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911102017.
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The Finnish Society of Indoor Air Quality and Climate (FiSIAQ) introduced a Classification of Indoor Climate, Construction Cleanliness, and Finishing Materials in 1995. The Classification of Indoor Climate has been revised to meet the new Decree on indoor air quality and ventilation, European standards and experience from users of the classification. The most significant change is that target values for concentration and the in/out ratio of fine particles have been added. Other adjustments have been made to ensure good indoor environment and energy efficiency, but with reasonable investments. The criteria for emissions from building material and furniture were also updated. The Building Information Foundation RTS sr has run the M1-labelling of building products since 1996. The voluntary approach has been proven to improve the IAQ in new buildings and to reduce emissions from building materials. The Classification of Indoor Environment 2018 is integrated part of the new RTS Environmental Classification system.
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Rybníček, Michal. "Dendrochronological analysis of the roof of the Nanebevzetí Panny Marie and Sv. Ondřeje church in Staré Hobzí." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 52, no. 5 (2004): 155–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun200452050155.
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The work deals with dendrochronological analysis of the roof truss of parish church in the locality of Stare Hobzi. The dendrochronological analysis gave an integrated view on a complicated development of this building and it helped us to restore the succession of building adjustments performed on this building. The work is also to introduce the dendrochronology branch to people who participate on or direct perform building-historical research and to show them that it could be an essential helper in their work.
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Stapper, Arie, and Christoph Maria Ravesloot. "Strategically Measuring Quality of Existing Building Stock." Modern Applied Science 14, no. 5 (April 28, 2020): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/mas.v14n5p63.
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Dutch housing corporations generally have two methods of assessing the strategic value of existing housing stock. The first is by calculating the financial return on investments with a life expectancy of fifty to sixty years. The second method is to balance the technical quality against maintenance and renovation planning. A Dutch housing corporation needed a integrated method, so in a single case study, a new method was developed based on research on how to monitor the technical and financial assets better.
Four problems were detected: (1) the existing strategy did not seem to be resilient to future changes, (2) there was no instrument for measuring progress, (3) there was no way to translate strategic data to individual estates and (4) there was no instrument for monitoring the results of improvements set off against the strategic goals.
With one integrated tool to fix these four problems, an integrated approach to a closed asset management strategy and policy would be available. Such a tool would make it possible to make adjustments to the strategy based on facts gained by measuring the results of former adjustments to the strategy. The goal of this paper is to present the research supporting the design of a new model.
The result, the so called Return Matrix, is a fully elaborated model. It supports the management team in decision making about strategy (five years) and vision (twenty years) development. It creates insight into and support for the outcome of the strategy among policy professionals, staff and colleagues. And finally, it creates understanding among the tenants, it s understood and supported by the civil servants and gets approval and agreement of cooperation from the municipal executives.
With the knowledge gained by this study, it will not be difficult to compose the instrument for other cases too.
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Thibault, Martin, Anne Lorrain, and Fanny Houlbrèque. "Comment on Trophic strategy and bleaching resistance in reef-building corals." Science Advances 7, no. 23 (June 2021): eabd9453. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abd9453.
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In an era of major environmental changes, understanding corals’ resistance to bleaching is as crucial as it is challenging. A promising framework for inferring corals’ trophic strategies from Stable Isotope Bayesian Ellipses has been recently proposed to this end. As a contribution to this framework, we quantify a risk of bias inherent in its application and propose three alternative adjustments.
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Röthlisberger, Veronika, Andreas P. Zischg, and Margreth Keiler. "A comparison of building value models for flood risk analysis." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 18, no. 9 (September 14, 2018): 2431–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-18-2431-2018.
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Abstract. Quantitative flood risk analyses support decisions in flood management policies that aim for cost efficiency. Risk is commonly calculated by a combination of the three quantified factors: hazard, exposure and vulnerability. Our paper focuses on the quantification of exposure, in particular on the relevance of building value estimation schemes within flood exposure analyses on regional to national scales. We compare five different models that estimate the values of flood-exposed buildings. Four of them refer to individual buildings, whereas one is based on values per surface area, differentiated by land use category. That one follows an approach commonly used in flood risk analyses on regional or larger scales. Apart from the underlying concepts, the five models differ in complexity, data and computational expenses required for parameter estimations and in the data they require for model application.The model parameters are estimated by using a database of more than half a million building insurance contracts in Switzerland, which are provided by 11 (out of 19) cantonal insurance companies for buildings that operate under a monopoly within the respective Swiss cantons. Comparing the five model results with the directly applied spatially referenced insurance data suggests that models based on individual buildings produce better results than the model based on surface area, but only if they include an individual building's volume.Applying the five models to all of Switzerland produces results that are very similar with regard to the spatial distribution of exposed-building values. Therefore, for spatial prioritizations, simpler models are preferable. In absolute values, however, the five model results differ remarkably. The two simplest models underestimate the overall exposure, and even more so the extreme high values, upon which risk management strategies generally focus. In decision-making processes based on cost-efficiency, this underestimation would result in suboptimal resource allocation for protection measures. Consequently, we propose that estimating exposed-building values should be based on individual buildings rather than on areas of land use types. In addition, a building's individual volume has to be taken into account in order to provide a reliable basis for cost–benefit analyses. The consideration of other building features further improves the value estimation. However, within the context of flood risk management, the optimal value estimation model depends on the specific questions to be answered. The concepts of the presented building value models are generic. Thus, these models are transferable, with minimal adjustments according to the application's purpose and the data available. Within risk analyses, the paper's focus is on exposure. However, the findings also have direct implications for flood risk analyses as most risk analyses take the value of exposed assets into account in a linear way.
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Luetkemeyer, Jennifer R. "Thirty minutes is a small price to pay: Care, creativity, and community-building." Education for Information 37, no. 1 (March 12, 2021): 155–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/efi-210001.
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This essay is an overview of three lessons that the author learned while teaching during the pandemic. In making adjustments to her courses, she realized the importance of purposeful care, creativity, and community-building. As the title implies, all three can be achieved by committing just thirty minutes.
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Goldstein, Zvi. "A finite horizon production model with variable production rates and constant demand rate." Journal of Applied Mathematics and Decision Sciences 6, no. 2 (January 1, 2002): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s1173912602000056.
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In this paper we present a finite horizon single product single machine production problem. Demand rate and all the cost patterns do not change over time. However, end of horizon effects may require production rate adjustments at the beginning of each cycle. It is found that no such adjustments are required. The machine should be operated either at minimum speed (i.e. production rate = demand rate; shortage is not allowed), avoiding the buildup of any inventory, or at maximum speed, building up maximum inventories that are controlled by the optimal production lot size.
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Perkins, Ayana N. "A Case Study on the Utility of Sustained Evaluation Practice in Public Health Partnership." INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing 55 (January 2018): 004695801881859. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0046958018818591.
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This article explores a case study of the potential influence of a capacity building investment toward public health partnerships (PHPs) targeting asthma. This case study explores what factors were salient among PHPs who were indirect recipients of a funder’s capacity building. Our case study suggests that a funder’s capacity building efforts may be linked to evaluation practice guidelines and decisions toward individual and organizational level use of evaluation use within partnerships. Moreover, examining the contextual factors that were associated with the evaluation of these PHPs explicates where adjustments may be needed in applying capacity building to the PHP setting. This case study has implications for future health planning policies.
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Aghniaey, Sama, Thomas M. Lawrence, Javad Mohammadpour, WenZhan Song, Richard T. Watson, and Marie C. Boudreau. "Optimizing thermal comfort considerations with electrical demand response program implementation." Building Services Engineering Research and Technology 39, no. 2 (February 5, 2018): 219–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143624417752645.
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Maintaining thermal comfort within an occupied building requires energy; thus, optimized solution methods for balancing energy use with indoor environmental quality (adequate thermal comfort, lighting, etc.) are needed. Current building temperature control systems do not adequately take in account the adaptive capability of the occupants, but this concept can be used advantageously during implementation of demand response. Demand response programs can affect both the occupants’ thermal comfort from temporary adjustments to space temperature settings. This paper describes ongoing research and field testing of methods to optimize building energy consumption for heating, ventilation and air conditioning applications accounting for human factors such as the thermal comfort by the occupants. Model predictive controllers could serve as powerful tools to optimize the operation of smart buildings and improve human comfort perceptions while helping to better integrate renewable energy systems with increased grid stability. Practical application: This work outlines how the operation of cooling systems can be optimized with respect to reducing peak demand while still maintaining thermal comfort within acceptable ranges.
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Pan, Jian Li, Shan Zhi Chen, Raj Jain, and Subharthi Paul. "Energy Sensing and Monitoring Framework with an Integrated Communication Backbone in the Energy Efficient Intelligent Buildings." Applied Mechanics and Materials 303-306 (February 2013): 1460–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.303-306.1460.
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Building environments are significant sources of global energy consumption. To create energy efficient buildings, the first step is to sense and monitor all the energy-consuming appliances in the buildings and record all the energy consumption information. After that, appropriate energy saving policies can be decided and the instructions can be sent to the control devices to apply the energy saving adjustments. To do that, in-building two-way communication networks are needed to connect all the sensors to collect information as well as to send control instructions. However, most of the current devices are provided by separate manufacturers and with separate network infrastructures and so there is not much integration and interaction among different subsystems. In this paper, we envision a new energy sensing and monitoring framework with integrated communication backbone in the intelligent building environments. Specifically, through comprehensive comparisons and investigations, we study different candidate communicating media and protocols like wireline, wireless, and power-line communications technologies that potentially can be used in the intelligent buildings to realize the goals of coordination, integration, and energy efficiency. Also, we propose an extension "smart box" for integration of the devices before the maturity of the standardization process. Cloud computing and smart phone technologies are also introduced to realize the goals of improving energy efficiency and promote global sustainability.
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Nikolić Topalović, Marina, Milenko Stanković, Goran Ćirović, and Dragan Pamučar. "Comparison of the Applied Measures on the Simulated Scenarios for the Sustainable Building Construction through Carbon Footprint Emissions—Case Study of Building Construction in Serbia." Sustainability 10, no. 12 (December 10, 2018): 4688. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10124688.
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Research was conducted to indicate the impact of the increased flow of thermal insulation materials on the environment due to the implementation of the new regulations on energy efficiency of buildings. The regulations on energy efficiency of buildings in Serbia came into force on 30 September 2012 for all new buildings as well as for buildings in the process of rehabilitation and reconstruction. For that purpose, the carbon footprint was analyzed in three scenarios (BS, S1 and S2) for which the quantities of construction materials and processes were calculated. The life cycle analysis (LCA), which is the basis for analyzing the carbon life cycle (LCACO2), was used in this study. Carbon Calculator was used for measuring carbon footprint, and URSA program to calculate the operational energy. This study was done in two phases. In Phase 1, the embodied carbon was measured to evaluate short-term effects of the implementation of the new regulations. Phase 2 included the first 10 years of building exploitation to evaluate the long-term effects of the new regulations. The analysis was done for the period of 10 years, further adjustments to the regulations regarding energy efficiency of the buildings in Serbia are expected in accordance with EU directives. The study shows that, in the short-run, Scenario BS has the lowest embodied carbon. In the long-run, after 3.66 years, Scenario S2 becomes a better option regarding the impact on the environment. The study reveals the necessity to include embodied carbon together with the whole life carbon to estimation the impact of a building on the environment.
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Connolly, Thomas, Cristiano Loss, Asif Iqbal, and Thomas Tannert. "Feasibility Study of Mass-Timber Cores for the UBC Tall Wood Building." Buildings 8, no. 8 (August 1, 2018): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings8080098.
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The UBC Brock Commons building in Vancouver, which comprises of 18 stories and stands 53 m in height, was at the time of completion in 2016 the world’s tallest hybrid wood-based building. The building’s 17 stories of mass-timber superstructure, carrying all gravity loads, rest on a concrete podium with two concrete cores that act as both the wind and seismic lateral load-resisting systems. Whereas the construction of the concrete cores took fourteen weeks in time, the mass-timber superstructure took only ten weeks from initiation to completion. A substantial reduction in the project timeline could have been achieved if mass-timber had been used for the cores, leading to a further reduction of the building’s environmental footprint and potential cost savings. The objective of this research was to evaluate the possibility of designing the UBC Brock Commons building using mass-timber cores. The results from a validated numerical structural model indicate that applying a series of structural adjustments, that is, configuration and thickness of cores, solutions with mass-timber cores can meet the seismic and wind performance criteria as per the current National Building Code of Canada. Specifically, the findings suggest the adoption of laminated-veneer lumber cores with supplementary ‘C-shaped’ walls to reduce torsion and optimize section’s mechanical properties. Furthermore, a life cycle analysis showed the environmental benefit of these all-wood solutions.
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Tyas, E. Handayani, and Lamhot Naibaho. "BUILDING A CULTURE OF TOLERANCE SINCE EARLY CHILDHOOD." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 8, no. 8 (September 1, 2020): 244–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v8.i8.2020.999.
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Living in Indonesia, in a pluralistic society, harmony between religious believers is absolutely necessary. It would be very dangerous if the child grows and develops by bringing selfish qualities, closing oneself, feeling the most righteous, and wanting to win alone. Such conditions will cause difficulties for children to make adjustments properly when he was a teenager and adult. There are four most important conditions, namely: (1) if poor social behaviour patterns are developed at home, (2) if the home does not provide a model of behaviour to imitate, (3) lack of motivation to learn, (4) children do not get guidance and sufficient assistance in the learning process. In conclusion, children should not be threatening as an adult embryo but in the natural figure of a child. Data were obtained from books, scientific journals and other scientific works that are directly related to the topic of this paper.
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Jurík, Dušan, and Ivan Chmúrny. "Influence of Facade Colour on Yearly Energy Need." Advanced Materials Research 855 (December 2013): 57–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.855.57.
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Energy prices are constantly rising and that ́s why people are always looking for new ways to reduce energy costs. The main trend is to eliminate heat losses to the maximum extent. The demands for more sophisticated outer insulation for building still envelope (roofs, floors, walls, doors, and windows) are growing. Increased demands are evident also in the standards used in this area. Buildings with nearly zero energy (nZEB) become not only a vision but reality. Several ways for reduction of the energy needs are offered. The application of various colour adjustments of the building facade is one of the options. The impact of colour on the demand for heating and cooling at different thermal insulation capability is analyzed from the thermo - technical point of view. However, the question is whether it is possible to influence the annual costs for heating and cooling through the selection of facade colour (respectively through the absorption of solar radiation). We can say that today's architecture tries to use the structure of the building as some kind of thermal radiation (or rather solar energy) accumulator. In such a way we can characterize the majority of the structural designs for energy low cost buildings, where the main aim of such a solution is to reduce the energy need for heating and cooling.
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Birss, G. R. "Methodology for the assessment of the damage cost resulting from a large earthquake in the vicinity of Wellington." Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 18, no. 3 (September 30, 1985): 215–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.18.3.215-223.
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At the request of the Earthquake and War Damage Commission, the New Zealand National Society for Earthquake Engineering set up a study group to determine the maximum probable loss the Commission may suffer by way of claims resulting from a large earthquake with its epicentre near Wellington.
The study group's task was to determine the order of cost of physical damage to buildings and their contents which could credibly be expected to result from large earthquake attack.
Seismic loss information for New Zealand conditions is minimal and it was therefore necessary to critically review published overseas data. Where appropriate, adjustments were made to accommodate New Zealand conditions.
Loss information was compiled as the ratio of damage cost to building value and varied with felt earthquake intensity as well as with type of building construction.
The total value and structural classification of the building stock in the affected area was compiled and entered on a computer. A program was set up to enable loss calculations to be carried out for the appropriate building classification and for the relevant earthquake intensities. From this the total loss was calculated.
The results of the study expressed as monetary loss are confidential to the Earthquake and War Damage Commission. In this paper, therefore, results are not presented in absolute dollar terms, but are given as relative values.
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Aşıkoğlu, Abide, Graça Vasconcelos, and Paulo B. Lourenço. "Overview on the Nonlinear Static Procedures and Performance-Based Approach on Modern Unreinforced Masonry Buildings with Structural Irregularity." Buildings 11, no. 4 (April 1, 2021): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings11040147.
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Performance-based design plays a significant role in the structural and earthquake engineering community to ensure both safety and economic feasibility. Its application to masonry building design/assessment is limited and requires straightforward rules considering the characteristics of masonry behavior. Nonlinear static procedures mainly cover regular frame system structures, and their application to both regular and irregular masonry buildings require further investigation. The present paper addresses two major issues: (i) the definition of irregularity in masonry buildings, and (ii) the applicability of classical nonlinear static procedures to irregular masonry buildings. It is observed that the irregularity definition is not comprehensive and has different descriptions among the seismic codes as well as among researchers, particularly in the case of masonry buildings. The lack of global language may result in the misuse of the procedures, while adjustments may be essential due to irregularity effects. Therefore, irregularity indices given by different codes and research studies are discussed. Furthermore, an overview of nonlinear static procedures implemented within the framework of the performance-based approach and improvements proposed for its application in masonry buildings is presented.
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de Jong, Peter, and Monique Arkesteijn. "Life cycle costs of Dutch school buildings." Journal of Corporate Real Estate 16, no. 3 (September 2, 2014): 220–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcre-08-2013-0019.
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Purpose – This article aims at providing case-based evidence to support the idea that an integral approach using life cycle costs (LCC) would lead to more in-depth argued adjustments towards sustainable and feasible school buildings. There is a gap between the investment in and the operating costs of public school buildings, caused by the splitting up of responsibility for the financing of the accommodation. Municipalities finance the initial costs of construction, and school boards are responsible for the operating costs. According to architecture-based research on this subject, this split results in higher costs during the lifetime of the buildings. This problem is often referred to as the split-incentive problem. Design/methodology/approach – The research conducted nine case studies of newly built secondary school buildings. The schools were examined with reference to building characteristics, building costs and operational costs. The sustainable performance of these cases is described with the aid of a Dutch sustainability measurement tool. The core of the research is the LCC analysis and the overall perspective on the ratio between initial costs and operations costs. Findings – It is often held in the construction sector that investments in sustainability lead to increased expense. However, studies indicate this is not unequivocally true. The authors study, at least, found no clear evidence that schools with investments in specific sustainable solutions have such undesirable higher investment costs. The authors study found some positive effects of sustainable measurements on the LCC of secondary schools. Originality/value – This study confirms the ratio of Hughes and Ive as defined in office typologies to be true in the school building typology. It is worthwhile for owners and users to keep focus on LCC, as well as for the government as financiers/or funders of school buildings.
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Levermore, G., and J. Parkinson. "The Manchester urban heat island and adjustments for The Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineer calculations." Building Services Engineering Research and Technology 37, no. 2 (November 4, 2015): 128–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143624415613951.
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Zeng, Lin Hui, Guang Ming Li, Ju Wen Huang, Hao Chen Zhu, and Jing Cheng Xu. "Shanghai's CO2 Emissions and Policy Implication for Low Carbon Construction." Advanced Materials Research 869-870 (December 2013): 893–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.869-870.893.
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Cities are the main contributors of anthropogenic greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions. Comprehensive countermeasures are needed in cities to mitigate GHGs emissions. The aim of this paper is to study the results that Shanghai achieved in carbon mitigation by comprehensive green measures. It demonstrated that Shanghai has made significant progress in carbon emission reduction through technological innovation, industrial structure adjustment, and energy efficiency improvement in recent years. The results showed that Shanghais energy related CO2 intensity reduced to 1.14 t/104 yuan in 2010, owing to adjustments in energy structure and industry structure. It also showed that Shanghai had made abundant reduction in carbon emissions in the past few years. 9.2 million tons of CO2 reductions were obtained in industry, transportation, and building in the city level. Among them, reductions in industrial sector and transportation were the major contributors. Further efforts should be taken to realize a low carbon future.
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Tüfekçioğlu, Dilara. "Impact of the Cultural Changes After the Population Exchange on Spatial Organization and Use of Spaces: Case of Trilye Houses." New Trends and Issues Proceedings on Humanities and Social Sciences 4, no. 11 (December 28, 2017): 273–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/prosoc.v4i11.2883.
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Turkey has hosted different cultures and societies throughout history, which is reflected in their buildings in all the cities in the country. However, modern adjustments are implemented by acknowledging the building as it is, or by completely renovating it. Trilye is a Greek town that was turned into a Turkish one after the population exchange between Turkey and Greece. Thus, while Trilye houses have the appearance of traditional Turkish houses, they were organised according to the Greek lifestyles. These buildings are on the verge of losing their authenticity due to the destructive effects of time and restorations. This study aims to examine the unity of the lifestyles, the space designs of different cultures, and the harmony and changing methods in the case of disharmony. It is an assessment of the method of survival and protection of historical values in Trilye by visiting and photographing many houses in Trilye, among others. Keywords: Greek-Turkish culture, lifestyles, living spaces, renovation, restoration
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Sparks, R. S., G. Sutton, P. Toscas, and J. T. Ormerod. "Modelling Inverse Gaussian Data with Censored Response Values: EM versus MCMC." Advances in Decision Sciences 2011 (July 5, 2011): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/571768.
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Low detection limits are common in measure environmental variables. Building models using data containing low or high detection limits without adjusting for the censoring produces biased models. This paper offers approaches to estimate an inverse Gaussian distribution when some of the data used are censored because of low or high detection limits. Adjustments for the censoring can be made if there is between 2% and 20% censoring using either the EM algorithm or MCMC. This paper compares these approaches.
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Chandra, Alexander Christian. "Regional Economic Building Amidst Rising Protectionism and Economic Nationalism in ASEAN." JAS (Journal of ASEAN Studies) 4, no. 1 (August 9, 2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/jas.v4i1.878.
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Despite its ambitious ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) project, protectionism and economic nationalism are on the rise in ASEAN. Protectionism, however, is not new to Southeast Asia, with governments across the region employ such an inward-looking economic policy when they enjoy economic stability, and pursue economic reform when confronted with major economic challenges. Unfortunately, embryonic industries will always exist in the region, and governments will find excuses to safeguard their existence. Consistent with the so-called 'Murdoch Schoold of critical political-economy' approach, this article mainly argues that the inclination towards protectionism in ASEDAN is primarily rooted in the domestic political-economy of ASEAN Member States. Apart from bringing about domestic regulatory changes, major economic liberalisationinitiatives of ASEAN, such as the ASEAN Free Trade Area and the AEC, significantly redistribute power and resources, and ignite struggles between competing domestic economic influences, many of which are in favour of government's protection. Whilst existing technical initiatives to address protectionism are useful, major crises that encourage major structural adjustments in all AMS might be needed to overcome fundamental protectionist inclination in the region
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Robertson, Craig, and Dejan Mumovic. "Building performance in the context of industry pressures." International Journal of Energy Sector Management 8, no. 4 (October 28, 2014): 527–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijesm-11-2013-0005.
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Purpose – This paper aims to explore the relationship between designed and actual building performance as represented in an Royal Institute of British Architects- and Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers-backed web-based comparison platform and the industry perception of the pressures surrounding building performance assessment. European directives and UK Parliamentary Acts have resulted in a range of mechanisms aimed at encouraging monitoring of energy consumption, responsive management and evidence-based design. Web-based feedback platforms aim to feed evaluation data back to industry anonymously; however, there exists a range of barriers and disincentives that prevent widespread and habitual engagement with building evaluation. Design/methodology/approach – Using energy data from the CarbonBuzzweb platform and a series of semi-structured interviews, a mixed-methods study has been carried out. Analysis of the characteristics of the existing energy discrepancy between designed and actual performance shows where variance typically occurs. Interviews with industry actors presents a synopsis of the perceived and actual legislative and procedural pressures that exist in relation to building performance assessment. Findings – The conclusions of this paper identify weaknesses in the current legislative and incentivisation mechanisms with regard to targeting building energy performance and industrial pressures that hinder broader industry engagement with post-occupancy evaluation. Originality/value – The recommendations arising from this study are for adjustments to the existing legislative framework to increase participation in meaningful building energy evaluation targeted at the specifics of the energy gap and the motivations of industrial actors. This will specifically help to reduce building energy consumption and associated carbon emissions.
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Мельников, Aleksey Melnikov, Бабаянц, and Nikita Babayants. "PRACTICE OF STATE REGULATION OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS." Journal of Public and Municipal Administration 4, no. 4 (December 28, 2015): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/17871.
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The article investigates the practice of state regulation of interethnic relations in the Russian Federation and foreign countries. It is proved that the problem of interethnic relations influence the transformation of the political system of the state. The author concludes that in the Russian Federation a model of nation-building «multinational state» with the policy of «cautious of multiculturalism» is being developed. The «pure» multiculturalism, typical to many democratic countries, requires objective adjustments in view of features of modern political process.
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Rijal, Hom B., Michael A. Humphreys, and J. Fergus Nicol. "Study on Behavioural Adaptation for the Thermal Comfort and Energy Saving in Japanese Offices." Journal of the Institute of Engineering 15, no. 3 (October 16, 2020): 292–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jie.v15i3.32206.
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Office workers use a variety of adaptive opportunities to regulate their indoor thermal environment. The behavioural adaptations such as window opening, clothing adjustments, heating/cooling use are one of the important factors for the adaptive thermal comfort. It is well-known that they are the most important contributors in the adaptive thermal comfort model. Thus, if we understand the behavioural adaptation properly, we can explain the mechanism of the adaptive model. In addition, the indoor thermal environment is often adjusted using the air conditioning in Japanese office building to improve the thermal comfort and productivity. Thus, it is necessary to conduct research on the behavioural adaptation in the offices because the occupant behavior is different to the dwellings.
In order to record the seasonal differences in behavioural adaptation and to develop an adaptive algorithm for Japanese offices, we measured temperatures in 11 office buildings and conducted the thermal comfort and occupant behaviour survey for over a year in Japanese offices. We collected 4,660 samples from about 1350 people.
The proportion of ‘open window’ in the free running mode (neither heating or cooling being used) is significantly higher than that of the air-conditioned mode. The behavioural adaptation is related to the outdoor air temperature. The behavioural adaptation predicted by the regression analysis is in good agreement with the measured data. These findings can be applied to the building thermal simulation to predict the behavioural adaptation and energy use in office buildings.
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Węglarz, Arkadiusz. "Using Artificial Intelligence in energy efficient construction." E3S Web of Conferences 49 (2018): 00125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184900125.
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Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), genetic algorithms, case based reasoning (CBR), and hybrid systems are all methods of artificial intelligence. This dissertation presents a literature overview and its author’s achievements in methods of utilizing artificial intelligence methods in energy efficient buildings, which include: an expert system for supporting the financing of thermo-modernization investment, a method of optimizing thermo-modernization strategies for groups of buildings using genetic algorithms, and a case based reasoning system (CBR) intended to facilitate the design of energy efficient single family housing. Case based reasoning consists of comparing new problems with past problems and using a past solution. In the CBR system, previously developed single family housing designs will be described using linguistic variables defined as fuzzy sets. The designer, who wants to create the documentation for a new energy efficient building after talking with the investor about his or her expectations, enters a query, defined as linguistic variables, into the system. The system finds the documentation of already constructed buildings, most closely matching the investor’s requirements. The designer performs the required adjustments, and after the investor’s approval, places the new documentation into the database for further use.
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Ooi, Peng-Lim, Kee-Tai Goh, Bee-Hoon Heng, and Yong-Hua Toh. "Epidemiological Investigations into an Outbreak of Building-Associated Illness in Singapore." Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health 7, no. 4 (October 1994): 201–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/101053959400700401.
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In August 1991, the Ministry of the Environment was informed of the occurrence of illnesses suspected to be related to a modern, multi-story of fice building. Investigations revealed that 34 of the occupants on two floors of the building had non-specific ailments such as eye, throat or skin irritation which caused acute discomfort but resolved upon leaving the premises. Case-control study identified a number of factors significantly associated with the illness; viz. a personal history of allergy, asthma or sinusitis; a high level of work-related stress; and a lack of thermal comfort. One feature of the affected of fices was the numerous high partitions which tended to obstruct air movement. Adjustments of central temperature to compensate for complaints of “stuffiness” had resulted in wide fluctuations of temperature and relative humidity. Indoor air quality measurements also revealed high bacterial counts, a condition aggravated by the raised relative humidity and inadequate air movement. The problems gradually resolved following major modifications at the of fices and air-handling units. This episode confirmed the need for further studies of building-associated illness in the tropics. Asia Pac J Public Health1994;7(4):201-5.
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Stewart, Jonathan P., Norman A. Abrahamson, Gail M. Atkinson, Jack W. Baker, David M. Boore, Yousef Bozorgnia, Kenneth W. Campbell, et al. "Representation of Bidirectional Ground Motions for Design Spectra in Building Codes." Earthquake Spectra 27, no. 3 (August 2011): 927–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.3608001.
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The 2009 NEHRP Provisions modified the definition of horizontal ground motion from the geometric mean of spectral accelerations for two components to the peak response of a single lumped mass oscillator regardless of direction. These maximum-direction (MD) ground motions operate under the assumption that the dynamic properties of the structure (e.g., stiffness, strength) are identical in all directions. This assumption may be true for some in-plan symmetric structures, however, the response of most structures is dominated by modes of vibration along specific axes (e.g., longitudinal and transverse axes in a building), and often the dynamic properties (especially stiffness) along those axes are distinct. In order to achieve structural designs consistent with the collapse risk level given in the NEHRP documents, we argue that design spectra should be compatible with expected levels of ground motion along those principal response axes. The use of MD ground motions effectively assumes that the azimuth of maximum ground motion coincides with the directions of principal structural response. Because this is unlikely, design ground motions have lower probability of occurrence than intended, with significant societal costs. We recommend adjustments to make design ground motions compatible with target risk levels.
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Kasuga, A., H. Arai, J. E. Breen, and K. Furukawa. "Optimum Cable-Force Adjustments in Concrete Cable-Stayed Bridges." Journal of Structural Engineering 121, no. 4 (April 1995): 685–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9445(1995)121:4(685).
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Čermáková, Ann, Jarmo Jantunen, Tommi Jauhiainen, John Kirk, Michal Křen, Marc Kupietz, and Elaine Uí Dhonnchadha. "The International Comparable Corpus: Challenges in building multilingual spoken and written comparable corpora." Research in Corpus Linguistics 10, no. 1 (2021): 89–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.32714/ricl.09.01.06.
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This paper reports on the efforts of twelve national teams in building the International Comparable Corpus (ICC; https://korpus.cz/icc) that will contain highly comparable datasets of spoken, written and electronic registers. The languages currently covered are Czech, Finnish, French, German, Irish, Italian, Norwegian, Polish, Slovak, Swedish and, more recently, Chinese, as well as English, which is considered to be the pivot language. The goal of the project is to provide much-needed data for contrastive corpus-based linguistics. The ICC corpus is committed to the idea of re-using existing multilingual resources as much as possible and the design is modelled, with various adjustments, on the International Corpus of English (ICE). As such, ICC will contain approximately the same balance of forty percent of written language and 60 percent of spoken language distributed across 27 different text types and contexts. A number of issues encountered by the project teams are discussed, ranging from copyright and data sustainability to technical advances in data distribution.
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Shih, Naai-Jung, and Yi Chen. "LiDAR- and AR-Based Monitoring of Evolved Building Façades upon Zoning Conflicts." Sensors 20, no. 19 (October 1, 2020): 5628. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20195628.
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Zoning conflicts have transformed Old Street fabrics in terms of architectural style and construction material in Lukang, Taiwan. This transformation should be assessed as a contribution to digital cultural sustainability. The objective of this study was to compare the evolved façades resultant from the changes made by the development of architectural history and urban planning. A combination of 3D scan technology and a smartphone augmented reality (AR) app, Augment®, was applied to the situated comparison with direct interaction on-site. The AR application compared 20 façades in the laboratory and 18 façades in four different sites using a flexible interface. The comparisons identified the correlation of evolved façades in real sites in terms of building volumes and components, pedestrian arcades on store fronts, and previous installations. The situated comparisons were facilitated in a field study with real-time adjustments to 3D models and analyses of correlations across details and components. The application of AR was demonstrated to be effective in reinstalling scenes and differentiating diversified compositions of vocabulary in a remote site.
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He, Y., C. Zhang, and C. S. Fraser. "An energy minimization approach to automated extraction of regular building footprints from airborne LiDAR data." ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences II-3 (August 7, 2014): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsannals-ii-3-65-2014.
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This paper presents an automated approach to the extraction of building footprints from airborne LiDAR data based on energy minimization. Automated 3D building reconstruction in complex urban scenes has been a long-standing challenge in photogrammetry and computer vision. Building footprints constitute a fundamental component of a 3D building model and they are useful for a variety of applications. Airborne LiDAR provides large-scale elevation representation of urban scene and as such is an important data source for object reconstruction in spatial information systems. However, LiDAR points on building edges often exhibit a jagged pattern, partially due to either occlusion from neighbouring objects, such as overhanging trees, or to the nature of the data itself, including unavoidable noise and irregular point distributions. The explicit 3D reconstruction may thus result in irregular or incomplete building polygons. In the presented work, a vertex-driven Douglas-Peucker method is developed to generate polygonal hypotheses from points forming initial building outlines. The energy function is adopted to examine and evaluate each hypothesis and the optimal polygon is determined through energy minimization. The energy minimization also plays a key role in bridging gaps, where the building outlines are ambiguous due to insufficient LiDAR points. In formulating the energy function, hard constraints such as parallelism and perpendicularity of building edges are imposed, and local and global adjustments are applied. The developed approach has been extensively tested and evaluated on datasets with varying point cloud density over different terrain types. Results are presented and analysed. The successful reconstruction of building footprints, of varying structural complexity, along with a quantitative assessment employing accurate reference data, demonstrate the practical potential of the proposed approach.
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Kalantari, Saleh. "A New Method of Human Response Testing to Enhance the Design Process." Proceedings of the Design Society: International Conference on Engineering Design 1, no. 1 (July 2019): 1883–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dsi.2019.194.
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AbstractThis paper presents a new method of human-response testing to enhance the success of designs. Rather than waiting until after a building is constructed to see how the design will affect human users, we developed a high-resolution virtual-reality platform to present design variations to the study participants. This technique allowed us to make very precise adjustments in design variables (e.g., the ceiling height, or the placement of windows) within the same overall structure, thereby obtaining more empirically rigorous comparisons than is possible in traditional post-occupancy studies of completed buildings. In addition, this approach allowed us to collect a variety of biometric data, such as EEG signals, heart rate, head motions, and other indicators of attention and stress, while the study participants interacted with the virtual environments. The overall outcome of this research method will be to improve the human quality of the built environment and to promote data-driven innovation in the design field.
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Litvinova, Elena Vladimirovna, and Veronika Andreevna Danilova. "Housing market: the concept, features, and role in the socio-economic development of the state." Nexo Revista Científica 34, no. 01 (April 15, 2021): 448–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/nexo.v34i01.11322.
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The research is based on the dialectical method which predetermines the study of phenomena in their constant development and interrelation. Besides, the article uses a systematic approach, methods of comparative, statistical, and graphical analysis. The novelty of the present article lies in the proposal for adjustments to the calculation of the housing affordability index in the Russian Federation (RF), as well as the proposed typology of housing in the RF taking into account lifestyles of various categories of the population. The authors have developed the version of the content of the infrastructure of the commercial rental of housing, which defines it as a system of material and information conditions ensuring stable and efficient production of housing services (housing rental services) through the operation of both commercial apartment buildings and other objects of the rental housing market. A system of measures is proposed to remove the rental housing market from the shadow and its further development including that of the commercial apartment building business.