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1
Bailey, Keith Alan. "The metamorphosis of Battersea, 1800-1914 : a building history." Thesis, n.p, 1995. http://oro.open.ac.uk/18803/.
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Musgrave, Elizabeth Caroline. "The building industries of eastern Brittany, 1600-1790." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.670351.
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Carlsson, Helene. "Bohuslänska gårdar som form och funktion : en fördjupad analys /." Stockholm : Uddevalla : Arkitekturskolan, Kungliga Tekniska högskolan ; Bohusläns museums förlag, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4274.
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Elder, John Richard. "THE AUSTRALIAN BUILDING CONSTRUCTION EMPLOYEES & BUILDERS LABOURERS FEDERATION AND THE NEW SOUTH WALES BUILDING INDUSTRY." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/2155.
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Australia, during the twenty five years that followed the end of the Second World War, experienced increased prosperity and a stable industrial relations system in which the Commonwealth Conciliation and Arbitration Commission (the federal commission) played a dominant and authoritative role. The NSW building boom which began in the latter part of the 1950s introduced new technology, concentrated building workers in the central business district of Sydney, and broadened the range of skills required of builders' labourers. The major NSW building tradesmen's union, the Building Workers' Industrial Union (NSW/BWIU), had a communist leadership. The national body of that union lost its federal industrial registration in 1948, and the NSW/BWIU moderated its behaviour after it nearly lost its own, NSW state, registration in 1957. The Australian Building Construction Employees and Builders' Labourers Federation (ABLF) had a federal award under which most of the members of its NSW branch (NSW/BLF) were employed. The leadership of both the ABLF and of the NSW/BLF were communist. The Communist Party of Australia (CPA) suffered a defection by the ABLF leadership in the early 1960s to a communist party which endorsed Marxist- Leninist policies. The BWIU leadership also left the CPA (and formed the Socialist Party of Australia) following an announced shift in policy direction by the CPA in 1969. That shift in policy abandoned the `united front' concept and adopted ultra-left policies which advocated vanguard action by small groups. The announcement by the CPA of its new policies occurred after the gaoling of a Victorian union leader which signalled the virtual collapse of the previously authoritative, and punitive, role of the federal commission. The structure and politics of society underwent enormous change during the 1960s and early 1970s which was an era of protest during which various social movements were formed. The NSW/BLF became a major participant in those protests and movements, and conducted various industrial and social campaigns during the first half of the 1970s. Those campaigns were conducted in line with the ultra-left policies of the CPA, and this isolated the NSW/BLF from its federal body and from the trade union movement generally. This thesis analyses some of the campaigns conducted by the NSW/BLF during the period 1970-1974 and the various responses by the Master Builders Association of NSW (MBA/NSW) to those campaigns. The MBA/NSW broadened its membership base during the 1950s, and the effect that its new membership structure had on its decision-making processes is also considered.
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Elder, John Richard. "THE AUSTRALIAN BUILDING CONSTRUCTION EMPLOYEES & BUILDERS LABOURERS FEDERATION AND THE NEW SOUTH WALES BUILDING INDUSTRY." University of Sydney, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/2155.
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Master of Industrial Relations<br>Australia, during the twenty five years that followed the end of the Second World War, experienced increased prosperity and a stable industrial relations system in which the Commonwealth Conciliation and Arbitration Commission (the federal commission) played a dominant and authoritative role. The NSW building boom which began in the latter part of the 1950s introduced new technology, concentrated building workers in the central business district of Sydney, and broadened the range of skills required of builders' labourers. The major NSW building tradesmen's union, the Building Workers' Industrial Union (NSW/BWIU), had a communist leadership. The national body of that union lost its federal industrial registration in 1948, and the NSW/BWIU moderated its behaviour after it nearly lost its own, NSW state, registration in 1957. The Australian Building Construction Employees and Builders' Labourers Federation (ABLF) had a federal award under which most of the members of its NSW branch (NSW/BLF) were employed. The leadership of both the ABLF and of the NSW/BLF were communist. The Communist Party of Australia (CPA) suffered a defection by the ABLF leadership in the early 1960s to a communist party which endorsed Marxist- Leninist policies. The BWIU leadership also left the CPA (and formed the Socialist Party of Australia) following an announced shift in policy direction by the CPA in 1969. That shift in policy abandoned the `united front' concept and adopted ultra-left policies which advocated vanguard action by small groups. The announcement by the CPA of its new policies occurred after the gaoling of a Victorian union leader which signalled the virtual collapse of the previously authoritative, and punitive, role of the federal commission. The structure and politics of society underwent enormous change during the 1960s and early 1970s which was an era of protest during which various social movements were formed. The NSW/BLF became a major participant in those protests and movements, and conducted various industrial and social campaigns during the first half of the 1970s. Those campaigns were conducted in line with the ultra-left policies of the CPA, and this isolated the NSW/BLF from its federal body and from the trade union movement generally. This thesis analyses some of the campaigns conducted by the NSW/BLF during the period 1970-1974 and the various responses by the Master Builders Association of NSW (MBA/NSW) to those campaigns. The MBA/NSW broadened its membership base during the 1950s, and the effect that its new membership structure had on its decision-making processes is also considered.
6
Guohua, Ji. "Building under the planned economy : a history of China's architecture and construction 1949-1965 /." Zürich : ETH, 2007. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=17166.
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Morton, Elizabeth Laura. "Building faith : a history of church construction from 1821 to 1910 in Henry County, Indiana." Virtual Press, 1998. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1117110.
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This thesis is a comprehensive study of the church buildings built between 1821 and 1910 in Henry County, Indiana. The dramatic transformation from wilderness to an agricultural landscape dotted with small towns is echoed in the pattern of churches constructed. From member homes, congregations next moved into hewn-log buildings, that were replaced by vernacular frame buildings, and sometimes later with architect-designed brick or stone edifices. Congregations of the many different denominations organized during this time period in Henry County (Quaker, Methodist, and Church of Christ were the most numerous ) followed this pattern, though at varying speeds. The result of this cycle of building replacement, as well as the decline of individual congregations and occasional natural disasters, is that the forty-two existing buildings represent only about a quarter of the total number of church buildings erected during these ninety years. A survey of these forty-two buildings can be found in Appendix B.The research focused on where congregations built, how they built-obtaining land, raising funds, and what they built-materials, forms, and architectural styles, such as Greek Revival, Italianate, and Gothic Revival. Possible sources of plans and designs, including architects and nineteenth-century pattern books are discussed, although the influence of these sources was difficult to determine based on the brief accounts usually found in original church records. The thesis concludes with an overview of what has happened to pre-1910 Henry County church buildings after they were completed. Case studies of eight structures, including frame gable-front churches and masonry auditoriumplan churches illustrate the life-cycles of these Midwestern church buildings, revealing that continuous change has been their fate.<br>Department of Architecture
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Wan, Chi Kin. "Time history analysis and optimal drift design of multi-storey concrete building structures under seismic excitations /." View abstract or full-text, 2004. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?CIVL%202004%20WAN.
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Thesis (M. Phil.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2004.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaves 127-131). Also available in electronic version. Access restricted to campus users.
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Marwah, Hanaan. "Investing in ghosts : building and construction in Nigeria's oil boom and bust c.1960-2000." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:44dde983-2993-41c9-9346-9783f3d6e52a.
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Nigeria, Africa’s most populous country, has been portrayed in scholarly literature as a prominent case of postcolonial African ‘growth failure’. Between 1960 and 2000 oil reserves were exploited resulting in revenues of more than $300 billion to the Nigerian government, while real per capita income fell over the same period. This thesis, by focusing on building and construction in Nigeria from 1960 to 2000, explains how and why Nigeria failed to invest its oil revenues to create long-term economic growth. Its findings have important implications for investment analyses of other commodity-rich countries in Africa and across the developing world. It draws on a wide range of primary quantitative and qualitative sources including government surveys, construction-related company financial data and project lists, industry publications, newspapers, and the correspondence files of a major Nigerian architecture firm. These are used to present a picture of historical building activity which includes a 40-year dataset of cement price and consumption, and a construction supply curve for both the oil boom and bust periods. By quantifying for the first time the long-observed ‘ghost construction’ of the oil boom, this thesis finds that annually about two thirds of what scholars and national accounts statistics had estimated was being invested in construction was never actually invested, implying that what was invested offered a greater return than has previously been acknowledged. Although investment in construction was overstated during the oil boom, during the oil bust construction was understated as major government projects were funded off-budget and away from public scrutiny. This thesis demonstrates that the most productive area of public investment has been infrastructure, and further that the private sector construction industry was a valuable asset which greatly enhanced the government’s ability to implement investment programmes, when it had the political will to do so.
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Deb, Lal Nilina. "Building Calcutta : construction trends in the making of the capital of British India, 1880-1911." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/29640.
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Calcutta of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century enjoyed global stature and connections as a consequence of its position within the British Empire as the capital of India. This study of Calcutta’s buildings aims to comprehend the architectural legacy of the period in terms of its construction history. The proposed thesis underlying the research is that Calcutta’s built environment bore witness to the intense traffic of ideas, people and goods characteristic of the era. The significance of the research is two-fold. It enjoys the distinction of being the first attempt to undertake a wide-ranging investigation into the construction history of a city in the Indian subcontinent, and indeed possibly anywhere in the world. Concurrently, the study endeavours to suggest a methodological approach for similar forthcoming studies in India and elsewhere, especially considering that the discipline of construction history is as yet at a nascent stage and such studies are only expected to multiply in number and scope in the coming years. The research effort trains its attention on two key aspects of construction history – human resource and material resource. The former is manifested in investigations into the training and work contexts of the professionals engaged in construction activity, i.e. the engineers and the architects. The latter takes the form of research into source and application of the commonly used construction materials. The methodology employed in the study encompasses a range of disciplines and related sources, especially drawing on architectural, urban, social and economic histories. Addressing the proposed thesis has necessitated directing research efforts towards situating developments in Calcutta in the context of and with reference to the metropolitan milieu. The analysis of the research findings and the conclusions thus drawn have served to corroborate the proposed thesis highlighting the incessant flux distinctive of the construction environment in Calcutta in the period of this study. The dissertation is expected to facilitate an enhanced understanding of Calcutta’s built environment for those entrusted with its care, especially those in the heritage and conservation sector, as well as contribute to the available pool of free knowledge furthering our understanding of human civilization.
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Kusluch, Joseph Aloysius IV. "Building Socialism: The Idea of Progress and the Construction of Industrial Cities in the Soviet Union, 1927-1938." Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1347969635.
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Brookover, Robert. "The resurgence of traditional building trades in the United States." Virtual Press, 2002. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1231400.
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The last quarter of the twentieth century has seen a dramatic growth of interest in the preservation of historic structures. With this has developed the need to bring back many trades that had declined after World War II. Within the past twenty to thirty years these traditional building trades, which are so vitally needed to accurately restore, recreate, preserve, and adaptively reuse these structures, have become a valuable component of the preservation infrastructure. I have elected to study the careers and historically significant work of tradespersons in two selected regions of the United States, in order to illustrate the resurgence of the traditional building trades on a national level. The focus of this work centers on the careers of a group of craftsmen, from their early beginnings in the trades, to their current status as having earned an identity as a professional in their field. Themes appear from the various stages of their careers. These themes are evaluated through different literature published on this subject and through the formation of trade schools and organizations.<br>Department of Architecture
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Kaya, Fuat Emre. "Applications of Additive Manufacturing in Construction and Historic Building Restoration/Rehabilitation." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/22784/.
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The term “Additive Manufacturing” is described as the layered production of parts from a 3D file. Over the past century, this technology has evolved from a complement tool for conventional product development into an independent production method. Whereas high technology industries such as aerospace and medicine were already embraced additive manufacturing, structural engineering and architecture are lagging. Additive manufacturing has the potential to revolutionize the construction and restoration of historic buildings, with foreseeable benefits including highly complex and efficient structures with the reduction in material use and wastage, streamlining and expedition of the design-build process, improved customization. However, there are also challenges and demands: a new way of thinking for design and verifications for stability and serviceability of printed elements, the cost, the need for well-educated engineers.
In this dissertation, the current state of additive manufacturing in construction and historic building restoration/rehabilitation is reviewed as a combination of qualitative and quantitative-based studies. The research aims to give confidence to additive manufacturing applicability in these fields and stimulate further research. The opportunities and challenges are discussed by analysing concrete, polymer, and metal-based processes and their applications of additive manufacturing in the construction sector. A review of structural and non-structural applications in restoration projects, possible future applications in terms of structural strengthening are analysed and opportunities and challenges are identified and discussed. Based on the literature review and experimental lab tests, the outcome was obtained as the tensile mechanical properties are adequate for structural engineering applications. However, further interdisciplinary research on additive manufacturing is necessary to build confidence in structural engineers and architects.
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Sigge, Erik. "Architecture's Red Tape : Government Building Construction in Sweden, 1963-1973. The example of the National Board of Public Building, KBS (Kungliga Byggnadsstyrelsen)." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Arkitekturens historia och teori, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-212976.
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Architecture’s Red Tape is a critical study of the relation between public architecture and public administration in the 1960s and 1970s. The thesis focuses on the work of the Swedish National Board of Public Building, KBS, which was a government agency in charge of providing premises for the Swedish state at that time. KBS expanded its construction of new buildings during the 1960s and did extensive research and development work to find new rational and efficient working methods and building systems. The development of KBS culminated in the implementation of an official architectural philosophy in 1968, called the “structure philosophy.” The architectural ideas were drafted parallel to new administrative systems that were in turn based on rational choice theories. The thesis studies the developments of KBS’ architecture, both as processes of building production (architecture practice) and as the built result of these processes (buildings), through the analysis of four different instruments. These instruments – Program Budgeting, KBS’ Structure Philosophy, Incentive Contract, and System Building – were important means in KBS’ efforts to rationalize building production and make operations more efficient. KBS highlighted new features in the practices of architecture – emphasizing process, the user, functionality, performance, evaluations, results, etc. – that could be reviewed as a redefinition of the architectural project. This review is explicit on two different levels: firstly, as a redefinition of the architectural object most clearly found in KBS’ publicly announced shift from building construction to “premises production.” Secondly, there is a redefinition of architectural practice that relocates the interest of design, making it more about programming with a heightened interest in the processes of defining the scope and problems of design.<br><p>QC 20170825</p>
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Beech, Robert. "The hammer-beam roof : tradition, innovation and the carpenter's art in late medieval England." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2015. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/5863/.
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This thesis is about late medieval carpenters, their techniques and their art, and about the structure that became the fusion of their technical virtuosity and artistic creativity: the hammer-beam roof. The structural nature and origin of the hammer-beam roof is discussed, and it is argued that, although invented in the late thirteenth century, during the fourteenth century the hammer-beam roof became a developmental dead-end. In the early fifteenth century the hammer-beam roof suddenly blossomed into hundreds of structures of great technical proficiency and aesthetic acumen. The thesis assesses the role of the hammer-beam roof of Westminster Hall as the catalyst to such renewed enthusiasm. This structure is analysed and discussed in detail. Its place in the milieu of late medieval architecture is assessed, and its influence evaluated. That influence took effect mainly in East Anglia. Thus, early fifteenth-century trends in hammer-beam carpentry in the region are isolated and analysed. A typology of is created, from which arise surprising conclusions regarding the differing priorities late-medieval carpenters ascribed to structure, form and ornament. A chapter is also devoted to a critical review of literature pertaining to the topic.
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Agnoletto, Stefano. "Building an economic ethic niche : Italian immigrants in the Toronto construction industry (1950s-1970s) : a case study." Thesis, Kingston University, 2013. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/28226/.
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The focus of the thesis is on labour, business, social and cultural history of Italian immigration to post WWII Toronto. In particular, this study addresses fundamental issues such as ethnic niching, unionization, urban proletarianization and entrepreneurship. From this perspective, this investigation addresses and analyses a list of key questions. How did a mass of former peasants, unskilled workers, artisans and merchants become urban wage-earners or small business entrepreneurs in an urban and Capitalist society? How did the process of unionization work? How did an economic ethnic niche develop? What role did 'ethnicity' play in the processes of both urban proletarianization and unionization as well as entrepreneurship? What made immigrant unionization and entrepreneurship successful or a failure? What other factors impinged on these processes? Lastly, what impact did these processes have on the host society? In addressing these questions the thesis focuses on the role played by a specific industry in enabling immigrants to find their place in the new host society. More specifically, the research has looked at the construction industry that, between the 1950s and the 1970s, represented a typical economic ethnic niche for the Italian community. In fact, tens of thousands of Italian males found work in this sector as bricklayers, labourers, carpenters, plasterers and cement finishers, while hundreds of others became small employers in the same industry. The analysis of the cultural and structural factors that were at the origin of the Italian niche of the construction industry is the central point of this study.
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Bryon, Hilary. "Existence and continuity /." Thesis, This resource online, 1996. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-03242009-040752/.
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Arrabai, Ali M. "THE FRANKLIN BOOKS PROGRAM: TRANSLATION AND IMAGE-BUILDING IN THE COLD WAR." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent157305093674886.
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Henrikson, Marina Helena. "Nation-building in times of conflict : the discursive construction of Russian national identity through the Russo-Georgian War." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/nationbuilding-in-times-of-conflict-the-discursive-construction-of-russian-national-identity-through-the-russogeorgian-war(effdcae1-69b8-40a5-a990-311d5f404dc5).html.
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This thesis examines the discursive construction of Russian national identity through the 2008 war in Georgia with a focus on how this process was influenced by the Russian leadership’s desire to gain the support of both the domestic and international audiences for its actions outside its borders. These actions involved forceful military intervention, the recognition of the independence of the two Georgian break-away republics of South Ossetia and Abkhazia and the decision to place Russian military troops in the two republics during the aftermath of war. The study critically examines the official Russian discourse, with a focus on particular visions of national identity that this discourse utilized. The study demonstrates how the official discourse in the context of the 2008 war contributed to the construction of Russian national identity and thereby seeks to highlight the performative power of language. By placing considerable focus on the internal dimension of the Russian leadership’s conduct in the international arena, i.e. the consolidation of the national community in the event of war, the thesis contributes to an oft overlooked element of Russian foreign policy initiatives. Consequently, it seeks to challenge the tendency to explain Russian actions with regard to the war as a natural result of a neo-imperialistic identity – a tendency that fails to take into account how national identity can be constructed in its more immediate context. By making use of Rogers Brubaker's concept of nationalism as an event, the study discusses the increased force of nationalism during war and demonstrates how this was clearly the case during the 2008 war in Georgia. The analysis concentrates on three main identity visions within the official Russian discourse. Firstly, it examines how contemporary Russia was constructed as a great power, partly as a response to the claims that it was an imperialist state. Secondly, it discusses the role of certain historical concepts, i.e. the Cold War and the Soviet Union, within the discourse and elaborates upon the act of politicising history. Thirdly, the study analyses the Russian leadership’s protection narrative that emphasised the responsibility to protect Russian citizens and compatriots in South Ossetia and Abkhazia. It is demonstrated how these different identity visions were intertwined, resulting in a rather contradictory official discourse that speaks to many different audiences simultaneously, while foregrounding the first of the above-mentioned identity visions, namely of Russia as a great power.
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Risen, Jeremy D. "Indianapolis department store architecture : the national and local development of the department store building type." Virtual Press, 2000. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1178347.
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The department store retailing concept grew out of the nineteenth century dry goods retail trade. Dry goods stores were usually housed in a group of nineteenth century commercial buildings. As the United States became more prosperous during the late nineteenth century, dry goods establishments outgrew their buildings and developed a new department store building type. The "second generation" store design was generally tripartite: large ground floor display windows, intermediate stories with regular banks of windows, and decorative upper one or two stories capped with an elaborate cornice. These flagship buildings were expanded and remodeled until the 1950s, when the focus of department store retailing shifted to the suburban branch stores. The branch stores anchored shopping centers in the 1950s and 1960s and enclosed shopping malls thereafter.<br>Department of Architecture
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Charron, Craig E. "The piece sur piece log houses of Michigan : an architectural history." Virtual Press, 1997. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1074548.
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This study presents a history of the French Canadian piece sur piece log houses constructed in Michigan in the 18th and early 19th centuries. Drawing upon a 17th century architectural tradition in Canada, the early French Canadian settlers switched from the poteaux en terre building style to the piece sur piece, or horizontal log construction form. This type of log house, through the building techniques it employed, was distinct from any of its contemporaries. The reason for this change dealt with the changing nature of the French settlement in Michigan, from a fur trade economy to one that included agriculture. These houses were not the crude log structures which have been popularly associated with the settlement of the nation's frontier, but rather a sophisticated design which made use of local and imported materials to create a refined structure that was intended for long term habitation.<br>Department of Architecture
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Barrett, Autumn Rain Duke. "Childhood, Colonialism and Nation-Building: The Role of Childhood in the Construction of Race, Class and Gender in Seventeenth, Eighteenth and Nineteenth Century Virginia." W&M ScholarWorks, 2004. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539624386.
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Jalia, Aftab. "Innovative masonry shell construction in India's evolving building crafts : a case for tile vaulting." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2017. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/271686.
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This thesis uses the lens of building technology to examine cultural exchange and its relationship to the building crafts. By focusing on masonry vaulting in India, my research brings together two worlds – one that shines light on the variety of innovative masonry shell construction techniques that exist in the county and another that seeks to evaluate the scope of tile vaulting, an over 600-year old Mediterranean building technique, within India’s evolving building crafts culture. This thesis is organized in three parts: PART ONE Tile Vaulting and Relevance Today | A Brief History of Masonry Shells in India Part one introduces tile vaulting’s unique principles compared to other vaulting traditions while contextualizing its relevance to present day India. A survey of varied masonry vaulting techniques and modules, endemic and imported, practiced across India is presented against the backdrop of what is a predominantly reinforced concrete-based construction industry. PART TWO Modules, Methods and Motivations The second part of this research comprises case studies that include some of India’s most iconic buildings such as the Villa Sarabhai by Le Corbusier, the National Institute of Design by Gautam Sarabhai and Sangath by B.V. Doshi, each of which employed innovative construction techniques for its vaults. The production and use of the enigmatic ceramic fuses in India is examined for the first time alongside their indigenous cousins: burnt clay tubes. Together with Muzaffarnagar vaulting, the case studies reveal cultural motivations for architectural expression and production in postcolonial India. PART THREE Prototypes | Comparatives | Limitations & Extension of Research Part three presents five tile vaulting prototypes in India constructed with local artisans to gain understanding of its cultural reception, assess effective transfer of skills and potential internalisation. Recommendations for tile vaulting’s potential uptake into mainstream architectural production is evaluated by comparing findings against prevalent building methods and by contextualizing current architectural trends and social policy. Limitations and scope for extension of research are also discussed.
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De, Vos Johannes Nicolaas. "A security community in Africa : a critical assessment of the African Union’s contribution towards the construction of a potential security community since 2002." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20159.
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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis seeks to provide a critical discussion of the contributions of the African
Union towards the potential development of an African security community since its
inception in 2002. Utilising Security Community Theory, and the framework for the
study of security communities developed by Adler & Barnett (1998) it commences
with an interrogation of the AU. This interrogation is arranged along the three tiers of
the framework.
The first tier is the precipitating conditions, which cause states to orient themselves
in each other’s direction and desire to coordinate their relations. The second tier
investigates the factors conducive to the development of mutual trust and collective
identity. The third, and final, tier identifies the necessary conditions of dependable
expectations of peaceful change.
The study goes on and introduces three African case studies, which illustrate the
contributions of the African Union towards the potential development of an African
security community. The case studies are the African Union mission in Burundi, the
African Union mission in Sudan, and the recent intervention of the African Union in
the post-election crisis in Côte d'Ivoire. All three case studies were able to provide
ample evidence to illustrate the AU’s contributions.
The study concludes with two major findings. Firstly, this study is able to illustrate
that the AU has made significant contributions towards the development of peace
and security in Africa. Secondly, that the AU has made significant contributions at all
three tiers of the framework, and therefore major contributions to the potential
development of an African security community. However, the AU is still in its
embryonic phase, and any prediction concerning the existence, or potential
existence of an African security community would be premature. Even though there are ostensibly, positive developments in the area of continental
peace and security this study is able to illustrate several remaining challenges to
further contributions by the AU. The first is a lack of resources. The AU is heavily
dependent on the contributions of its member states, and a number of members
persistently fail to meet their contributions to the organization. A second challenge is
the loosely defined relationship with the UN (and other external partners). It is crucial that a constructive relationship be established, if not, differences might antagonise
the two organisations and negatively affect any future contributions of the AU
towards the development of an African security community. Finally, the role of core
states, most notably regional hegemons such as South Africa and Nigeria will remain
important for stabilizing and encouraging the further development of an African
security community.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie tesis poog om n kritiese bespreking te bied van die bydra wat die Afrika Unie
na die potensiele ontwikkeling van n Afrika sekuriteits gemeenskap gemaak het
sedert sy intrede in 2002. Deur gebruik te maak van Sekuriteits Gemeeenskap
Teorie, en die raamwerk vir die studie van sekuriteits gemeenskappe deur Adler &
Barnett (1998) begin die studie met n direkte ondersoek van die AU. Hierdie
ondersoek vind plaas volgens die drie vlakke van die raamwerk.
Die eerste vlak is die kondisies wat veroorsaak dat state hulself na mekaar orienteer,
en n wil ontwikkel om hulle sake te koordineer. Die tweede vlak ondersoek die
faktore vir die ontwikkeling van wedersydse vertroue en gesamentlike identiteit. Die
derde, en finale, vlak identifiseer die nodige kondisies van afhanklike verwagtinge vir
vreedsame verandering.
Die studie gaan voort met drie Afrika geval studies, wat die bydra van die AU na die
potensiele ontwikkeling van n Afrika sekuriteits gemeenskap illustreer. Die geval
studies sluit in die Afrika missie in Burundi, die Afrika missie in Sudan, en die
onlangse intervensie deur die AU in die na-eleksie krisis in Côte d'Ivoire. Al drie
geval studies verskaf wye getuienis wat die bydra van die AU illustreer.
Die studie sluit af met twee hoof bevindings. Eerstens, kon hierdie studie illustreer
dat die AU betekenisvolle bydraes na die ontwikkeling van vrede en sekuriteit in
Afrika gemaak het. Tweedens, dat die AU betekenisvolle bydraes op al drie vlakke
van die raamwerk gemaak het, en daarom ook mondige bydraes tot die potensiele
ontwikkeling van n Afrika sekuriteits gemeenskap gemaak het. Nogtans, is die AU
self nog in n onvolwasse stadium, en enige voorspelling in verband met die bestaan,
of oor die potensiele bestaan van n Afrika sekuriteits gemeenskap is voortydig. Al is daar opmerkilike positiewe ontwikkelinge in die area van kontinentale vrede en
sekuriteit, kan hierdie studie steeds verskeie uitdagings identifiseer wat verdere
bydraes deur die AU kan hinder. Die eerste uitdaging is n tekort aan bevondsing. Die
AU is hoogs afhanklik op die bydrae van sy lidmaat state, maar n paar lede mis
aanhoudend hulle bydraes tot die orginasasie. n Tweede uitdaging is die
ongedefineerde verhouding tussen die AU en die VN (en ander eksterne vennote).
Dit is belangrik dat n konstruktiewe verhouding in werk gestel word, indien nie, kan verskille die twee organisasies van mekaar dryf en enige toekomstige bydraes van
die AU na die potensiele ontwikkeling van n Afrika sekuriteits kompleks negatief
beinvloed. Laastens, sal die rol van kern state, mees aanmerklik streek leiers soos
Suid Afrika en Nigerie, belangrik bly om die sekuriteits kompleks te stabiliseer en
verdere ontwikkeling in die toekoms te bevorder.
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Sosnowska, Philippe. "De briques et de bois: contribution à l'histoire de l'architecture à Bruxelles :étude archéologique, technique et historique des matériaux de construction, XIII - XVIIIe siècle." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209373.
Full textAbstract:
Cette enquête archéologique et historique vise à mettre en relief les rapports entre matériaux et immeubles au travers de l’histoire du bâti ancien bruxellois. <p><p>Des trois matériaux qui marquent le bâti bruxellois, deux seront étudiés :le bois et la céramique architecturale. Un troisième volet sera consacré à l’étude des remplois, recyclages et remaniements. Dans le temps imparti à ce travail, compte tenu des impératifs méthodologiques, des contraintes factuelles, il n’était pas possible de traiter de manière approfondie et novatrice des trois types de matériau. La pierre domine symboliquement (mais certainement pas quantitativement) le paysage bruxellois :son emploi caractérise en effet la production architecturale des grands ensembles monumentaux tels que l’Aula Magna, l’hôtel de Ville de Bruxelles ou encore la collégiale Saints-Michel-et-Gudule, pour ne citer que ces exemples. D’une manière générale pour l’ancien duché de Brabant, dans sa partie couvrant l’espace belge actuel, c’est le matériau le mieux étudié dans ses aspects divers (extraction, façonnage des blocs, mise en œuvre…). La pierre sera abordée indirectement, lorsque son emploi a des implications directes dans la mise en œuvre des matériaux étudiés. Une approche de l’ensemble des matériaux lithiques ainsi qu’une réflexion sur certaines mises en œuvre et le développement de futures pistes de recherche seront en outre proposées en conclusion.<p><p>Le choix s’est porté sur le bois et la brique, car leur emploi est, de manière générale, moins bien apprécié et moins connu en région bruxelloise par rapport à la pierre. Il fallait en fonder solidement l’étude. L’objectif est donc de pallier à cette lacune en proposant une lecture nouvelle de l’habitat selon des champs d’investigations spécifiques à l’histoire de la construction. La construction de typochronologies pour les planchers, les revêtements de sol, et la brique a pour but d’apporter aux archéologues des marqueurs chronologiques fiables pour l’interprétation et la construction de l’évolution des structures rencontrées. Mais pas seulement. La mise en place de ces typochronologies va de pair avec l’élaboration d’une réflexion sur l’ensemble des chaînes opératoires de la fabrication ou du façonnage des matériaux. Cette production n’est pas uniquement matérielle mais répond à des critères environnementaux, économiques, techniques et sociétaux. Il s’agit donc de comprendre ou d’ouvrir des pistes de réflexion pour appréhender les mécanismes qui ont permis aux bâtisseurs d’utiliser à Bruxelles une large gamme de matériaux et qui par ce biais a façonné le visage urbain bruxellois. L’apport de cette recherche, bien que se focalisant pour l’essentiel sur Bruxelles, a pour objectif de renouveler l’approche des matériaux de construction en apportant une base de références solides dans leur étude pour Bruxelles mais également pour les autres villes et de dépasser ainsi les méthodes traditionnelles d’histoire des formes pour développer une relation dialectique entre matériau, forme, usage et caractérisation sociale de la ville, de son habitat et de ses populations.<p><br>Doctorat en Histoire, art et archéologie<br>info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Byng, Gabriel Thomas Gustav. "Planning and paying for parish church construction in the later Middle Ages." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708063.
Full text
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Colman, Arlene. "Construction of Complex A at La Venta, Tabasco, Mexico: A History of Buildings, Burials, Offerings, and Stone Monuments." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2010. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2145.
Full textAbstract:
In 1969, Paul Tolstoy commented that archaeological investigation at La Venta had become "a fairly long and at times tortuous story of excavation, interpretation, re-interpretation, and depredation at the famous site found by Stirling." This thesis adds to the torture by describing and illustrating the architecture, burials, offerings, and stone sculpture of La Venta Complex A in an effort to reconcile data into an accurate sequence of meaningful cultural events. The details derive from excavation reports, field notes, maps, photographs, and correspondence of the early investigators of the site. This study addressed three myopic perceptions regarding La Venta: (1) the secludedness of Complex A, in particular the Ceremonial Court, from its inception to its termination, (2) the classification and identification of real human burials in Complex A, and (3) the analytical decontextualization of objects, offerings, and monuments from connected ritual activities there.
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Low, Sui Pheng. "Strategic development of the built environment through international construction, quality and productivity management." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2012. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/3614/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis presents a coherent, sustained and substantial contribution to the advancement of knowledge or application of knowledge or both in the field of construction management and economics. More specifically, this thesis outlines the strategic development of the built environment through lessons from international construction, quality and productivity management. The strategic role of construction in economic development is emphasized. It describes the contributions transnational construction firms made towards modern-day construction project management practices globally. It establishes the relationship between construction quality and economic development and fosters a better understanding of total quality management and quality management systems in enhancing construction industry performance. Additionally, it prescribes lessons from the manufacturing industry for construction productivity and identifies the amount of carbon emissions reduced through lean construction management practices to alleviate the generally adverse effects of the built environment on global climate change. It highlights the need for integrated management systems to enhance quality and productivity for sustainable development in the built environment. The thesis is an account of how the built environment has evolved, leveraging on lessons from international construction, quality and productivity management for improvements over the past two decades.
29
Marrs, Nicholas Reidar. "Seismic Performance Comparison of a Fixed-Base versus a Base-Isolated Office Building." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2013. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1004.
Full textAbstract:
The topic of this thesis is base isolation. The purpose of this thesis is to offer a relative understanding of the seismic performance enhancements that a typical 12-story steel office building can achieve through the implementation of base isolation technology. To reach this understanding, the structures of a fixed-base office building and a base-isolated office building of similar size and layout are designed, their seismic performance is compared, and a cost-benefit analysis is completed. The base isolation system that is utilized is composed of Triple Friction Pendulum (TFP) bearings.
The work of this thesis is divided into four phases. First, in the building selection phase, the structural systems (SMF and SCBF), layout, location (San Diego, CA), and design parameters of the buildings are selected. Then, in the design phase, each structure is designed using modal response spectrum analysis in ETABS. In the analysis phase, nonlinear time history analyses at DBE and MCE levels are conducted in PERFORM-3D to obtain the related floor accelerations and interstory drifts. Finally, in the performance assessment phase, probable damage costs are computed using fragility curves and FEMA P-58 methodology in PACT. Damage costs are computed for each building and seismic demand level and the results are compared.
30
Teeple, Lisa J. "Historical development of selected design amenities in central Indiana rural school buildings, 1875-1915." Virtual Press, 1993. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/865947.
Full textAbstract:
The purposes of this study were: (1) to study the conditions that influenced the construction of early rural schoolhouses in Indiana, (2) to examine how emerging concerns for sanitation and student health surfaced from the construction of early rural schoolhouses, and (3) to provide a data base for individuals who desire to do further research on school buildings and their historic preservation. The research concentrated on the period of 1875 to .1915. Special attention was given to conditions that led to the passage of the Sanitary Schoolhouse Act of 1911.Results revealed that early schoolhouses often were constructed as little more than shelters. Virtually no consideration was given to either educational processes or the health and safety of occupants. As a result, water and other design and care of water and sewage systems resulted insanitary factors became major concerns. The inadequate serious health concerns for students and teachers. These concerns contributed to the passage of laws that eventually led to: (1) the abandonment of early rural schoolhouses, and (2) the construction of more sophisticated structures often designed by professional architects.This study also revealed that some of those early schoolhouses that survived have been converted to residential, business, or civic purposes. Photographs of such buildings in Boone, Hamilton, Hancock, Hendricks, Henry, Madison, and Tipton counties in Indiana are included in the thesis. They provide evidence that preservation is a means with which these buildings can continue to serve a useful existence.There is historical value in understanding conditions that led to the rise and fall of early rural school buildings. Collectively, data about the construction and sanitary conditions provide insights into rural culture, expand an appreciation of the uniqueness of design for these buildings, and enhance the importance and desirability of preserving these structures. The net product of this thesis is to provide a view of the construction of buildings in central Indiana of this period.<br>Department of Architecture
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Clément, Benjamin. "Construire et habiter à Lugdunum : Organisation, formes et évolution de l’architecture domestique (IIe av. – IIIe siècle apr. J.-C.)." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE2028.
Full textAbstract:
Traiter de la construction dans le monde romain, et plus particulièrement dans le cas d’une cité ou d’une colonie, constitue un exercice souvent ardu tant les angles d’approches sont nombreux. Pourtant, Lugdunum constitue une exception dans ce domaine, tant par la richesse de sa documentation archéologique et épigraphique, que par son statut de colonie romaine précocement dévolue en Gaule. Ce travail doctoral s’est donné pour objectif de traiter de l’architecture domestique à Lugdunum, à travers le prisme de la construction, en s’appuyant sur une approche globale, tant par les matériaux étudiés que par les méthodologies mises en place. En suivant les différentes étapes de la construction, l’objectif est de définir les différents approvisionnements des chantiers, l’évolution typologique et chronologique des matériaux et des techniques mises en œuvre, ou encore la diversité des formes de l’habitat, afin de dresser une image la plus précise possible de « l’art de bâtir » à Lyon, et des artisans qui y participent. À ces différentes questions, l’analyse des matériaux, des techniques de construction et des plans, ainsi que d’un corpus d’inscription, apporte des réponses très concrètes et ouvre de nouvelles perspectives de recherche.Dans le cadre d’un Master mené entre 2007 et 2009, l’étude des toitures en tuiles de terre cuite, en Gaule du Centre-est, et plus particulièrement à Lyon, a révélé une évolution typologique des tegulae et imbrices qui se prête à l’établissement d’une typo-chronologie détaillée, permettant de les dater au demi-siècle prés. En m’appuyant sur la méthodologie mise en place au cours de ce master, une analyse exhaustive des fragments de brique, de quart de colonne, de tomette d’opus spicatum ou encore de tubuli a été menée afin, de caractériser une éventuelle évolution de leur morphologie, ou de leur utilisation dans la mise en œuvre des bâtiments. Une attention particulière a également été portée à la nature des moellons (granite, gneiss, calcaire...), aux pierres d’importation (marbres et calcaire), ainsi qu’aux mortiers mis en œuvre dans l’architecture des maisons lyonnaises. Ces études, couplées à une analyse géomorphologique du territoire colonial, permettent de livrer une image complète de l’approvisionnement en matériaux de construction de Lugdunum. Le second axe de recherche concerne les techniques de construction employées pour édifier les domus de la colonie de Lyon. Les maçonneries (fondation et élévation) ont donc été analysées selon des critères techniques et typologiques, en parallèle de l’étude des matériaux (moellons, mortier, TCA). L’architecture en terre crue nous offre un autre angle d’approche. Cette technique de construction est omniprésente à Lyon pour l’architecture domestique et reste cependant peu étudiée. Nous aborderons donc les modalités de sa mise en œuvre, ainsi que sur les différentes formes d’architecture dans laquelle elle intervient (adobe, pans de bois, torchis…), au travers des vestiges découverts en place, ou des restes carbonisés qui nous sont parvenus. Enfin, nous aborderons la question du plan des maisons lyonnaises en reprenant la classification proposée par E. Delaval en 1995. L’apport de l’archéologie préventive et programmée à Lyon a en effet permis de renouveler le corpus des bâtiments à vocation domestique et/ou artisanale, mettant en lumière de nouveaux types d’édifice. Nous élargirons cette réflexion grâce aux comparaisons possibles avec les autres cités et colonies de Gaule et du monde romain. Pour conclure, ce travail doctoral focalisé sur l’évolution des techniques et des matériaux de construction, mais également des plans des édifices domestiques de Lyon, révèle la richesse d’une analyse menée à partir d’une grande variété de matériaux, souvent peu considérés par une partie de la communauté scientifique – à savoir les briques, les tuiles, les moellons, le mortier<br>Deal with the topic of construction in the Roman world, mostly for a civitates or a colonia, become a difficult exercise because of the many perspectives for this subject. However, Lugdunum is an exception in this field, both its rich archeological or epigraphic documentations and its status of early roman colony in Gaul. This doctoral research has set itself the objective of dealing of domestic architecture in Lugdunum. This work is built on a global approach, based on the studies of construction techniques and building materials as well as new methodology. Following the step of a construction site, the purpose of this work is to characterize the different chains of supply, the typological and chronological evolution of building materials or the diversity of the domestic architecture. The analysis of building materials, construction techniques, typology of the domus, as well as group of funeral inscriptions bring very concrete answers and opens new research opportunities.As part of a Master conducted between 2007 and 2009, studying the terracotta tiled roofs in Gaul, particularly in Lyon, allowed the establishment of a typology of tegulae and imbrices, permitting to date this type of artifact to nearly half a century. Based on the methodology developed in this master, a comprehensive analysis of fragments of brick, column quarter, bricks of opus spicatum or tubuli was conducted in order to characterize any changes in their morphology, or for use in the construction of buildings. Particular attention was also paid to the nature of rubble stone (granite, gneiss, limestone…), as well as the mortar used in the roman houses of Lyon. These studies, coupled with geomorphologic analysis of the colonial territory, allow delivering a complete picture of the supply of Lugdunum in building materials.The second research axis concerns the construction techniques used to build the domus of the colony. Masonry (foundation and elevation) were therefore analyzed using technical and typological criteria, in parallel to the study of materials (rubble stone, mortar, terracotta materials). The mud brick architecture and earth structures offering another angle of approach. This construction technique is ubiquitous in Lyon for domestic architecture and remains poorly studied. We will discuss the modalities of its implementation, as well as the various forms of architecture in which it operates (adobe, wood-framed, mud ...), through the remains found in place, or the carbonized artifacts discovered in the colony.Finally, we will discuss the issue of Roman houses plan in Lyon, incorporating the classification proposed by E. Delaval in 1995. The contribution of preventive archeology these past years in Lyon has allowed to renew the corpus of domestic buildings, highlighting new types of building. We will extend this thinking through the possible comparisons with other cities and colonies of Gaul and in the Roman world.In conclusion, this doctoral work focused on the evolution of techniques and building materials, but also plans of domestic buildings in Lyon, reveals the richness of an analysis from a variety of materials, often not considered by a part of the scientific community. At the scale of a colony, these various lines of research provide a better understanding for the concepts of manufacturing and material supply, but also to improve our knowledge of construction techniques. These different aspects, treated in a comprehensive manner and diachronic way, open to historical and sociological reflection concerning the organization of workshops (role of corporations, degree of independence) or evolving status of craftsmen of the Lugdunum colony working in construction site. These conclusions are based on an original corpus of funerary inscriptions of Lyon craftsmen
32
Bui, Tran Anh-Dao. "The Birth of a Bridge. The Building of the Victoria Bridge in Montreal, 1853- 1859." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUL131.
Full textAbstract:
L’imposant pont Victoria, long d’environ trois kilomètres, est le premier pont à avoir enjambé le St Laurent. Construit à Montréal entre 1853 et 1859, il est d’une importance cruciale pour le projet ferroviaire du Grand Tronc (GT), dont l’ambition est de relier le Canada Est et le Canada Ouest aux ports maritimes de l’Atlantique et ainsi à l’Europe. Une firme de célèbres entrepreneurs britanniques, Peto, Brassey, Jackson et Betts, est en charge de la construction de la section la plus importante du GT ainsi que du pont Victoria, conçu par l’éminent Robert Stephenson et son assistant Alexander Ross, l’ingénieur en chef du GT au Canada. Il s’agit d’un pont tubulaire dont la construction, achevée deux ans en avance malgré des difficultés financières et diverses épreuves, emploie parfois plus de 3000 ouvriers. Cette thèse contribue à la discussion sur le rôle du Canada dans l'histoire impériale, mais aussi à l'histoire de la circulation des hommes et des savoirs dans un contexte d'industrialisation croissante et de développement mondial du génie civil britannique. Elle étudie les relations entre employeurs et ouvriers sur le chantier et soutient que le pont Victoria est une étude de cas permettant d'analyser le paternalisme et le développement du capitalisme industriel et du travail salarié dans le Canada du XIXe siècle, avec une attention particulière portée à l'analyse du risque et des accidents<br>The impressive, three kilometres Victoria Bridge across the St Lawrence River, built 1853-1859 in Montreal, was crucially important to the ambitious Grand Trunk Railway (GTR) project designed to better connect Canada East and Canada West to one another, to Atlantic seaports, and thus to Europe. A partnership of famous British contractors, Peto, Brassey, Jackson, and Betts, built the most important section of the GTR and the Victoria Bridge, designed by the eminent Robert Stephenson with his assistant Alexander Ross, the GTR’s engineer-in-chief in Canada. Construction of this massive bridge of tubular design, finished two years ahead of schedule despite financial difficulties and hardships of various natures, at times required the employment of 3000 or more workers. This dissertation contributes to the discussion on the role of Canada in imperial history, but also to the history of the circulation of men and knowledge in a context of rising industrialism and worldwide development of British civil engineering. It analyses the labour relations on the worksite, and argues that the Victoria Bridge is a case study to analyse paternalism and the development of industrial capitalism and wage employment in nineteenth-century Canada, with a particular focus on the analysis of risk and accidents
33
Pipien, Agnes. "Construire la modernité, développer les territoires alpins, une histoire politique et sociale de la route (XIXe-XXIe siècle)." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENH045.
Full textAbstract:
La construction et l'utilisation d'une route dépendent de nombreux facteurs politiques. La route alors qu'elle est à l'état de simple ébauche est le fruit de réflexions politiques à plusieurs échelles. En ce qui concerne les routes alpines, de nombreux enjeux sont à prendre en considération. Si son édification s'inscrit dans un contexte national, la route est aussi le fruit de querelles locales. Elle construit des territoires, de nouvelles frontières, de nouveaux espaces. La route crée des inégalités. La route est un symbole de modernité. Elle est le lieu où s'opposent progrès et tradition. Les routes des Alpes sont le théâtre d'une confrontation entre deux modes de pensée, celui des ingénieurs, et celui des sociétés rurales. Si la route ne permet pas toujours le désenclavement des sociétés de montagnes, elle est à l'origine de leur transformation. Les différentes voies du réseau routier dans les zones de montagne du Dauphiné assurent un trafic régional. Cependant la route permet aussi le plein essor du tourisme au XX° siècle. La route est à l'image des sociétés qui l'utilisent. Ses fonctions évoluent au rythme de l'évolution des sociétés. Les pratiques des usagers de la route changent. Les conditions de circulation en hiver créent la spécificité du réseau routier de montagne. L'hiver et la question du déneigement des routes est au cœur des préoccupations des sociétés de montagne. Par le biais de la question de la viabilité hivernale, il est aussi intéressant d'étudier une évolution des mentalités, de nouveaux usages de la route<br>The construction and use of a route depends on many political factors. The road then it is in a state of simple draft is the result of political reflections several scales. Regarding Alpine roads, many issues have to be taken into consideration. If the building is in a national context, the road is also the result of local disputes. It builds territories and new boundaries, new spaces. The road creates inequalities. The road is a symbol of modernity. It is the place where oppose progress and tradition. The alpine roads are the scene of a confrontation between two modes of thought, the engineers, and that of rural societies. If the road allows not always opening up companies mountains, it is the source of their transformation. The different paths of roads in mountain areas Dauphiné provide regional traffic. However, the road also allows booming Tourism in the twentieth century. The road is a reflection of the companies that use it. its functions evolve with the evolution of societies. The practices of road users change. Traffic conditions in winter create the specific road network mountain. Winter and the issue of snow removal is a key concern corporate mountain. Through the issue of winter maintenance, it is also interesting to study a change in attitudes, new uses of the road
34
Ikenouye, Tara L. 1975. "Sustainable Historic Preservation: A Rehabilitation Plan for the Jeff. Smith's Parlor Museum in Skagway, Alaska." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/9916.
Full textAbstract:
xii, 145 p. : ill. (some col.), maps. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number.<br>In an effort to confront global warming and the increasing scarcity of resources,
the preservation community began several years ago to adopt sustainable and green
building practices and metrics for historic rehabilitation projects. As a result, there is an
ever growing number of rehabilitated historic buildings in the United States not only
incorporating sustainable building designs but also achieving Leadership in Energy and
Environmental Design (LEED) certification. Most of these are large, architect-designed
buildings in urban settings rehabilitated for cultural and commercial uses. This thesis
explores the application of the LEED 2009 New Construction and Major Renovation
Rating System for the development of a sustainable rehabilitation plan for the modest
vernacular 1897 Jeff. Smith's Parlor Museum in Skagway, Alaska. The goal of this
research is to demonstrate how the LEED rating system might be applied to the
rehabilitation of this building and other historic vernacular buildings.<br>Committee in Charge:
Donald L. Peting, Chair;
Grant Crosby, NPS Historical Architect
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McMahan, Jerry D. "Preservation plan and the history of development of Indiana's round and polygonal barns." Virtual Press, 1992. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/845960.
Full textAbstract:
Since territorial days, agriculture has been an important and vital aspect of life in Indiana. Developments in the field gradually transformed agriculture from a way of life into an agribusiness, thus positioning agriculture in the mainstream U.S. economy. One of the phenomena that developed as a result of agriculture's evolution was the practice of constructing round and polygonal barns. Such structures were intended to increase the efficiency and thus economic return for the farmers.Between the years 1850 and 1936, some 222 round and polygonal barns were built in the state of Indiana, probably more than in any other state in the Union. Today, only 110 of the barns remain and three to four are destroyed annually. The reasons for the destruction of these agricultural icons are varied but often new machinery and farm practices have rendered the barns obsolete. Additionally, in these economic times, many owners cannot justify spending the money to restore what they consider to be interesting but impractical structures.A large number of owners, however, are interested in saving their round or polygonal barns but are uninformed as to where to turn for help. Therefore, it is necessary to give the barn owners guidance on the qualifications for the Investment Tax Credit Prcgram. These farmers want to know what actions the state and federal agency consider in keeping with the Secretary of the Interior's Standards and what the process entails.In response to this issue, this creative project will deal with preservation planning for Indiana's round and polygonal barns. The method of investigation will consist of documenting the overall history of the barns, compiling a survey of the barns that remain and developing a usable preservation plan. This plan will deal with specifics as to suitable replacement materials for roofs and walls, adapting interior spaces to accommodate modern uses and an explanation of the application process for the Investment Tax Credit program. The research and suitability analysis will be developed in conjunction with authorities at the Indiana Division of Historic Preservation and Archaeology, specifically Frank Hurdis and David Kroll.In summary, I feel strongly that my chosen field of preservation needs to address the problem of saving structures in a more proactive way. Preservationists have been accused, justifiably so, of merely asking for people to spend vast sums of money to save structures but not offering any viable action plan. I feel that this document is at least a step in the direction of giving these round and polygonal barn owners a practical and understandable guide for saving an important part of our heritage.<br>Department of Architecture
36
Xu, Yan. "War Heroes: Constructing the Soldier and the State in Modern China, 1924-1945." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1357130680.
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Mulliner, Emma Kate. "A model for the complex assessment of sustainable housing affordability." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2012. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/6183/.
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This study investigates the concept and assessment of housing affordability. Housing affordability is a multi-dimensional issue, yet it is typically assessed quite simply in terms of the financial burden of housing costs. The study frames the housing affordability problem as encompassing more than financial costs of housing and household ability to meet these costs, and extends to larger issues of social wellbeing and community sustainability. This thesis provides an original contribution to new knowledge by developing and applying a complex model for the assessment of sustainable housing affordability. The model is holistic and is capable of considering a broad spectrum of criteria determining housing affordability and the wellbeing of households, including economic, environmental and social aspects. Multiple criteria decision making (MCDM) techniques are innovatively applied for the analysis of sustainable housing affordability. The chosen methodology of MCDM allows a multidimensional analysis of both quantitative and qualitative criteria Influencing the affordability of housing and household wellbeing. The thesis presents the results of a case study assessment of 10 areas in Liverpool, UK as a practical example of the sustainable housing affordability assessment model. This allows the given areas to be ranked in respect of their sustainable housing affordability. The model can assist stakeholders, such as central governments, local authorities, developers and consumers, on both a national and international scale, in making comprehensive and informed decisions concerning affordability. The model provides a complex analysis of the criteria that influence the affordability of housing, beyond the financial implications experienced by households and better reflecting household wellbeing and sustain ability concerns. The tool could be utilised as a potential planning indicator for shaping local housing markets. The rankings derived from the model may be used as a locational decision aid and to support new housing development that will meet the needs of low and moderate income residents in ways that go beyond traditional notions of financial burden.
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Fitoz, Hatice Eda. "Response Of Asymmetric Isolated Buildings Under Bi-directionalexcitations Of Near-fault Ground Motions." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614121/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Isolator displacements, floor accelerations, roof displacements, base shear and
torsional moments are basic parameters that are considered in the design of
seismically isolated structures. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of bidirectional
earthquake excitations of near fault records on the response of base
isolated structures in terms of basic parameters mentioned above. These parameters
computed from nonlinear response history analysis (RHA) and they are compared
with the parameters computed from equivalent lateral force procedure (ELF). Effect
of asymmetry in superstructure is also examined considering mass eccentricity at
each floor level. Torsional amplifications in isolator displacements, floor
accelerations, roof displacements and base shear are compared for different level of
eccentricities. Two buildings with different story heights are used in the analyses.The building systems are modeled in structural analysis program SAP2000. The
scaling of ground motion data are taken from the study of &ldquo<br>Response of Isolated
Structures Under Bi-directional Excitations of Near-fault ground Motions&rdquo<br>(Ozdemir,
2010). Each ground motion set (fault normal and fault parallel) are applied
simultaneously for different range of effective damping of lead rubber bearing (LRB)
and for different isolation periods.
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Salvador, Sylvie de. "La construction d'une identité niçoise par les associations du Comté de Nice." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AZUR2017.
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« Identité » est un terme qui a fait irruption dans les sciences sociales dans les années 70 puis, à partir des années1990, dans les politiques de développement européenne et française comme dans les recommandations de l’UNESCO. « Identité » devient alors un sésame des subventions, élément incontournable des politiques publiques, indispensable à tout dirigeant local en quête de reconnaissance. Ce marqueur de visibilité sur un marché touristique de plus en plus concurrentiel fait naître à Nice l’urgence de se doter d’une « identité », alors même que la ville traverse une crise de son économie touristique et sort tout juste d’un important marasme politique.Relayées par des associations culturelles, les sept années de politique municipale des « Etats généraux de l’identité niçoise » font naître le “Comté de Nice”. Conceptualisé à partir d’un acte fondateur – la Dédition de Nice à la Savoie – ce « Comté de Nice » sert d’alibi à une demande de recomposition territoriale dont les principaux moteurs sont la volonté récurrente de se défaire de la tutelle de Marseille et la revendication d’une place privilégiée dans les négociations en cours sur la répartition des rôles dans les nouveaux territoires européens.L’offre croissante de biens culturels et matériels à référence identitaire contribue à leur diffusion et rend leur usage de plus en plus naturel, ce qui aboutit à la création d’une communauté imaginée de Niçois source d’un communautarisme revendicatif, dans une ville dont le cosmopolitisme avait jusque-là contribué à la renommée<br>Identity” is a term that first appeared in social sciences in the seventies, and in European and French developmentpolicies, as well as in the UNESCO Recommendations, in the nineties. “Identity” then became a means to acquiresubsidies, a key component to public policies and an essential aspect for any leader seeking recognition. Thismarker of visibility in an increasingly competitive tourism market created the urgency for Nice to adopt an“Identity”, although the town was going through a tourism economy crisis and just pulling out of a significantpolitical slump. Relayed by cultural associations, the seven years municipal policy of the “Etats généraux del’identité niçoise” gave rise to the “County of Nice”. Conceptualised from a founding act – the Dédition of Nice toSavoie – this “County of Nice” has been used as an alibi for a territorial recombining request, whose main driversDépôt de thèseDonnéescomplémentairesare the willingness to separate from the administrative supervision of Marseilles and the call for an advantageousposition in the current negotiations regarding the role distribution in the new European territories. The increasingsupply of identity-related cultural and material goods contributes to their dissemination and makes them evenmore mainstream, which has led to the creation of an imagined community from Nice as the source of a protestingcommunitarianism in a town where cosmopolitanism had been a contributing factor of fame
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Yang, Jin Rong. "The Application of Fuzzy Logic and Virtual Reality in the Study of Ancient Methods and Materials Used for the Construction of the Great Wall of China in Jinshanling." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu152410262072719.
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Quezada, Ramos Eder Nel, and Arone Yaneth Serrano. "Propuesta del Factor de Amplificación dinámico de la Norma Peruana E.030 para el Diseño Sismorresistente de torres altas con sistema estructural núcleo rígido mediante análisis tiempo-historia en la ciudad de Lima." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/650362.
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La presente investigación propone un procedimiento general de análisis para edificios altos sobre la base de los requerimientos de la Norma Peruana E.030.
Primero, se realiza la configuración estructural de los edificios, se define el número de edificios y la cantidad de niveles, así como el sistema estructural predominante. Luego, se definen las características de los materiales, las cargas y las combinaciones.
Los casos de estudio que se desarrollan se basan en edificaciones altas peruanas existentes como el Hotel Westin Libertador y el Banco de la Nación. Para la configuración estructural se utilizó el sistema estructural de núcleo rígido debido a su gran versatilidad y funcionalidad.
Después, se describen los métodos de análisis de estructuras altas y se procede con el análisis de la verificación de derivas y realizar una comparación de la cortante en la base mediante el análisis estático, análisis dinámico modal espectral y análisis lineal tiempo historia. Para el análisis tiempo historia se empleó 5 registros peruanos espectro compatible, mientras que para el diseño de las placas de concreto armado se usó el análisis modal espectral.<br>Abstract. Currently, there is an increase in the demand for tall buildings in the city of Lima. This research proposes to reduce the dynamic amplification factor through the seismic design of tall buildings based on the requirements of Peruvian code considering that they are regular in plan and height. Mini-mum base shear values according to the comparison of static seismic shear and dynamic shear from spectral modal analysis were reviewed for cases of buildings larger than 120 meters. The study of 28 reinforced concrete build-ings was proposed, with different heights - varying from 24 to 36 floors, with different floor configurations, as well as the arrangement of the walls considering as a rigid core structural system. Additionally, the characteristics of the materials, the loads and combinations were defined. The responses of these buildings were determined by the response spectrum analysis (RSA) and then compared with those obtained by the lineal response history analy-sis (LRHA), for the last analysis, five Peruvian seismic records were used and scaled to 0.45g. The seismic responses of the LRHA procedure were taken as benchmark. The result of this study is the analysis and proposal of the C / R factor for high-rise buildings, as well as obtaining the base shear and drift verification. Minimum base shear values can be reduced for high or long-term buildings, being regular in plan and height.<br>Trabajo de investigación
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Bezzi, Chiara. "The Mausoleum of Theoderic in Ravenna: simulation of the construction process and interpretative models." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019.
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This thesis is a contribution to the already extensive database of information on the well-known Mausoleum of Theodoric. The goal was to retrace the history of Theoderic, from his origins to his arrival in Ravenna. The focus then moved on a discussion and analysis of the hypotheses and theories supported by many scholars, regarding the style of the mausoleum and the implementation of the monolith. Then the mausoleum and its history, changes and restorations over the years were described. Subsequently, calculations of the weight of the monolithic dome were made. Finally, the historical site and an assumed site layout were analysed in depth.
“Theoderic came to us in a whirlwind of war, he disappeared in a whirlwind of death, he left us this enigma to decipher. Centuries and human carelessness contributed to complicate it more and more.” (Translation from A. Randi)
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Bryant, Simon. "Construire au Moyen-Age en région Centre : économie de la pierre et techniques de construction en région Centre du XIIe au XVIe siècle : l'apport des chantiers d'archéologie préventive." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010584.
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Ce mémoire constitue à la fois une réflexion sur le cadre professionnel et la pratique de l’archéologie dans le domaine de la restauration et de l’aménagement du « patrimoine architectural » et d’une synthèse des apports scientifiques à partir des données recueillies lors des interventions archéologiques dans ce contexte. Partant du principe qu’il s’agit avant tout de vestiges archéologiques, la première partie examine le cadre règlementaire et institutionnel qui détermine quand et comment l’archéologie peut intervenir dans un contexte où les processus gouvernant la protection, la restauration et l’aménagement de ce « patrimoine » qui se juxtaposent avec ceux qui encadrent la recherche archéologique. Les interventions archéologiques doivent répondre en premier lieu, aux attentes des acteurs chargés de la gestion du « patrimoine » mais, en ce faisant, elles produisent une quantité importante d’observations «secondaires» par rapport aux objectifs principaux. Souvent inexploitées, elles constituent pourtant une source riche de données scientifiques intéressantes pour la recherche archéologique. La deuxième partie du travail consiste en une évaluation critique de la méthodologie mise en œuvre lors des différentes interventions et son influence sur la qualité et la quantité des données obtenues. Elle a permis d’établir un bilan des résultats scientifiques pour les thématiques de recherche au niveau régional et de présenter le corpus des sites qui servent de base pour la troisième partie du mémoire : quarante-et-un édifices de différents types de la région Centre ayant fait l’objet d’interventions archéologiques sous la responsabilité de l’auteur. Leur fourchette chronologique est comprise entre le milieu du XIe siècle et le début du XVIIe siècle. On peut y ajouter trente-neuf édifices dans une zone d’étude dans le sud du Berry qui servent de points de comparaison. Cet échantillonnage apparemment hétéroclite permet de s’affranchir du cadre des catégories habituelles des constructions anciennes. Par le biais d’une approche comparative, il a été possible d’observer les rapports entre le potentiel offert notamment par l’environnement géologique et les contraintes des différents projets architecturaux. Si un lien assez étroit peut être établi entre la construction et l’environnement géologique, ce dernier n’était nullement un obstacle pour les bâtisseurs, comme le témoignent la variété des solutions techniques employées pour produire des formes architecturales. L’exploitation des données des fouilles a permis d’appréhender les compétences des bâtisseurs et surtout de restituer la chaîne opératoire du chantier de construction de la carrière et la préparation des matériaux jusqu’à l’achèvement de l’édifice, puis de toucher au cadre de vie que celui-ci offrait à ses utilisateurs. En appréhendant le chantier dans sa matérialité, l’approche archéologique permet d’écrire une histoire de la construction parfois bien différente de celle connue de l’analyse des formes ou de l’exploitation des archives. L’exploitation de ces données démontre que l’archéologie représente un véritable «plus-value» non seulement pour les besoins de la gestion du « patrimoine » architectural, mais aussi pour la recherche scientifique. Le mémoire se termine en soulignant les atouts d’une archéologie professionnelle et scientifique et en proposant quelques suggestions pour améliorer la prise en compte de la discipline dans les processus de la gestion et de l’aménagement du « patrimoine » architectural<br>This thesis may be considered from two angles: that of a retrospective look at the professional framework and the practices of buildings archaeology within the sphere of architectural heritage management and that of an appraisal of the archaeological data gathered during field work in this particular context. Before being considered as “heritage”, standing buildings of any form are archaeological remains. The first part of this work examines the legal and institutional framework which conditions just how and when archaeologists may get to study and record these remains in a context where the legislation concerning the protection and management of the architectural heritage is juxtaposed rather than integrated with that governing archaeological research. Within this framework, archaeological field work usually has to satisfy the needs of the institutions responsible for the management and restoration of architectural heritage. In so doing, it also produces considerable amounts of “secondary” data which are rarely published or even used, despite their potential interest for archaeological research on the history of building. The second part of this thesis consists of a critique of the archaeological methods used during the field work and its’ effects on the quality and the quantity of the data produced. It was thus possible to make a thematic assessment of the state of archaeological research in the Centre region over the last two decades and to draw up a corpus of sites which form the basis for the third part of the thesis. This corpus consists of forty-one buildings of various types which have been directly studied by the author during archaeological field work. They cover the period from the middle of the 11th century to the start of the 17th century. Another thirty-nine buildings situated in the Berry in the southern part of the region were also selected as comparative sites. This rather heterogeneous sample offered the advantage of not being bound by the usual typological categories. By comparing very different types of construction, it is possible to observe the relations between the possibilities offered by the geological environment and the limits imposed by each architectural program. Although a close link may be established between the geological context and the buildings, the variety of solutions applied to produce the different types of constructions, the former was never an obstacle to the builder. Analysis of the archaeological data allows us to evaluate the levels of competence and ability of the builders throughout the given time frame. Above all, we may retrace the construction processes from the transformation and preparation of the raw materials, notably stone, up until the finished building. It is the possible to assess the surroundings that these constructions offered to their occupants. By recording and analyzing the physical evidence of the building site written into the fabric of each site, archaeology offers a history of construction methods which is often very different from that given by the historical data. Exploiting these otherwise dormant data has shown that buildings archaeology can make a valuable contribution not only to the needs of heritage management but also to scientific research. The thesis is brought to a conclusion by underlining the advantages of professional research based archaeology and by proposing some measures which may improve the integration of archaeology as a distinct discipline within the framework of architectural heritage management and restoration
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Bassi, Marie-Laure. "L'abbatiale de Baume-les-Messieurs à l'époque romane : histoire d'un chantier." Thesis, Besançon, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BESA1006.
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Le monastère bénédictin de Baume-les-Messieurs, attesté dans les textes à la fin du IXe siècle, est avec celui de Gigny à l’origine de la fondation de l’abbaye de Cluny. Deux siècles plus tard, Balma figure parmi les plus importants établissements monastiques de l’actuelle Franche-Comté, et son église est considérée dans l’historiographie régionale comme un des édifices phares de la période romane. Pour autant, l’église abbatiale attendait toujours une étude monographique que nous avons souhaité développer par les méthodes, notamment, de l’archéologie du bâti. Les investigations archéologiques réalisées entre 2006 et 2012 ont renouvelé pleinement nos connaissances sur le parti architectural primitif de l'église romane et ont permis d’identifier différentes phases de construction. L’étude du bâti, conjuguée aux résultats de la fouille archéologique du chœur, a révélé une première phase constructive datée du début du XIe siècle qui se caractérise par un parti architectural ambitieux et insoupçonné jusqu’alors, où la monumentalité du chevet s’exprimait par cinq chapelles échelonnées, encadrées de deux puissantes tours de clocher érigées à l’extrémité des bras du transept. Une seconde phase romane est identifiée au moment du voûtement de l’ensemble de la nef. Cette solution est révélatrice des expériences précoces sur le voûtement qui se manifesta dans le Jura et, plus largement, dans la vallée de la Saône, dès les années 1020-1030. Cette seconde campagne de travaux se caractérise également par une recherche de nouveaux effets plastiques des parois extérieures, avec la présence d’un registre de lésènes et d’arcatures aveugles. Les choix constructifs et décoratifs adoptés au cours du XIe siècle pour l’abbatiale Saint-Pierre de Baume, placent l’édifice au cœur de cette nouvelle expression architecturale du « premier art roman » qui se diffusa, de manière plus ou moins concomitante, dans plusieurs foyers à travers l’Europe. La reconstruction d’une vaste église abbatiale à partir du début du XIe siècle traduit également les besoins d’une communauté monastique en pleine expansion et reflète la puissance, au moins temporelle, de l’établissement<br>The Benedictine monastery of Baume-les-Messiers, attested in the textual sources at the end of the ninth century, is, along with Gingy, at the origin of the foundation of the abbey of Cluny. Two centuries later Balma figures among the preeminent monastic establishments in modern day Franche-Comté, and its church appears in the regional historiography as one of the stand out buildings of the Romanesque period. In spite of this, however, until recently the abbatial church still lacked a monographic study of the type that it was our intention to carry out, through the use of methods such as building archaeology. The archaeological investigations carried out between 2006 and 2012 have completely reshaped our understanding of the architectural layout of the earliest phase of the Romanesque church and have allowed us to identify a number construction phases. The study of the upstanding building, allied with the results of the archaeological excavations of the chancel, have revealed an initial phase of construction dateable to the beginning of the 11th century, which is characterised by an ambitious and hitherto unexpected architectural layout, in which the monumentality of the chevet is expressed through a series of five staggered chapels, framed by two imposing bell towers positioned at either extreme of the transept. A second Romanesque phase is discernable at a point in which the nave ensemble undergoes alteration, becoming vaulted. This modification is indicative of the early experimentation with vaulting that came about in the Jura, and more generally in the Saône valley, during the years 1020-1030. This second building campaign is also characterised by a considerable amount of experimentation in new forms of decorative features on the external walls, expressed through the inclusion of a series of lesenes and blind arcades. The architectural and decorative choices adopted throughout the course of the 11th century for the abbatial church of Saint-Pierre of Baume place the building firmly at the forefront of the new architectural expression of early Romanesque art, which was expanding more or less concomitantly, appearing in numerous centres throughout Europe. Moreover, this reconstruction of a large abbatial church from the 11th century onwards, conveys the wishes of a flourishing monastic community and reflects the power, albeit temporary, of the establishment
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Standfuß, Friedrich. "Die Saalebrücke in Alsleben." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-102446.
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Die Saalebrücke bei Alsleben ist ein Bauwerk mit bewegter Geschichte, die in diesem Buch detailliert rekonstruiert wird. Dabei wird – neben historisch interessanten Fakten – die Sicht vor allem auf die bautechnischen Details gelegt. So wird am Anfang die Entstehung von der ersten Idee bis zur Vergabe beleuchtet, wobei dies einen guten Einblick in die damalige Zeit gibt, in dem die Unterschiede, insbesondere aber auch die eine oder andere Gemeinsamkeit zur heuteigen Zeit aufgezeigt werden. Anschließend wird die zu diesem Zeitpunkt erstmalig verwendete Konstruktionsweise für eine Bogenbrücke mit vorgespanntem Zugband erklärt, die das Bauwerk, nicht nur wegen seines hauptverantwortlichen Planers – Franz Dischinger –, sondern vor allem konstruktiv zu einem besonders Erhaltenswerten macht.
Der Bedarf einer Erhaltungsmaßnahme entstand das erste Mal nach dem 2. Weltkrieg, als ein Bogen der Vorlandbrücke des Bauwerkes gesprengt wurde. In der Dokumentation des Wiederaufbaus wird vor allem die Schwierigkeit eines solchen Unterfangens kurz nach Kriegsende deutlich.
Aufgrund der lückenhaften Dokumentation und der mangelhaften Bauwerkserhaltung während der DDR-Zeit ist auch das nächste Kapitel in der Geschichte von Erhaltung geprägt. Ausführlich werden die Zustandsermittlung und die darauf folgende grundhafte Instandsetzung des sich in einem desolaten Zustand befindlichen Bauwerks nach der Wiedervereinigung beschrieben. Die sehr detaillierte Dokumentation von der Planung über die Bauausführung bis hin zu den Nacharbeiten infolge von Baumängeln sowie die Kostenaufstellung sind vor allem für fachliche interessierte Leser empfehlenswert.
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Forest, Corinne. "Le rôle du patrimoine dans la construction nationale à l'île Maurice." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH149.
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Ce travail de thèse étudie la patrimonialisation dans le contexte mauricien afin d’examiner les enjeux liés à la constitution de l’identité nationale dans un cadre institutionnel qui privilégie une logique communautaire. Le cadre mauricien voit différents groupes coexister et interagir dans la tolérance, le respect et la paix tout en distinguant diverses unités sociales en fonction de leurs origines géographiques, culturelles, religieuses et ethniques. L’Etat met en œuvre une politique culturelle basée sur la reconnaissance officielle des unités culturelles dont l’union formerait la représentation nationale mauricienne. Au sein de cette diversité, le patrimoine est devenu un instrument de marquage de la différence et un moyen de symboliser la contribution de chacun à la fondation de la nation arc-en-ciel dans l’espace national. Dans ce cadre mémoriel fragmenté, notre approche est d’examiner l’émergence et la constitution du patrimoine à l’île Maurice de l’époque coloniale (1721-1968) à l’époque contemporaine afin d’en étudier les processus de reconnaissance et les usages comme instrument de la construction nationale. En cela, mon travail considère que l’étude de la patrimonialisation constitue un champ d’investigation sur la manière dont le passé est utilisé dans le présent pour légitimer et positionner les identités. Dans cette perspective, cette étude considère que le patrimoine est un instrument qui nourrit l’adhésion collective nécessaire à l’établissement d’une entité nationale<br>This PhD thesis focuses on the heritage processes in the Mauritian context in order to examine the issues related to nation- building resulting from an institutional framework that recognizes communal identities. The Mauritian context comprises diverse groups coexisting and interacting in tolerance, respect and peace while distinguishing multiple communities based on their geographical, cultural, religious and ethnic origins. The state developed a cultural policy that officially recognizes the diverse cultural entities and considers that their combination would form the Mauritian national identity. Within this diversity, heritage is used to mark cultural differences and the contribution of each group to the foundation of the rainbow nation in the national space. In this fragmented memorial framework, our approach is to examine the emergence and the constitution of heritage in Mauritius from the colonial period (1721-1968) to nowadays in order to study the processes of recognition and the uses of heritage as an instrument for nation building. This study considers that heritage processes constitute a field of investigation on the way the past is used in the present to legitimate and position identities. In this perspective, this study considers that heritage is an instrument that supports collective adhesion required for the establishment of the national identity
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Palmkvist, Viktor. "Building Programming Languages, Construction by Construction." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-231960.
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The task of implementing a programming language is a task that entails a great deal of work. Yet much of this work is similar for different programming languages: most languages require, e.g., parsing, name resolution, type-checking, and optimization. When implementing domain-specific languages (DSLs) the reimplementation of these largely similar tasks seems especially redundant. A number of approaches exist to alleviate this issue, including embedded DSLs, macro-rewriting systems, and more general systems intended for language implementation. However, these tend to have at least one of the following limitations: They present a leaky abstraction, e.g., error messages do not refer to the DSL but rather some other programming language, namely the one used to implement the DSL. They limit the flexibility of the DSL, either to the constructs present in another language, or merely to the syntax of some other language. They see an entire language as the unit of composition. Complete languages are extended with other complete language extensions. Instead, this thesis introduces the concept of a syntax construction, which represents a smaller unit of composition. A syntax construction defines a single language feature, e.g., an if-statement, an anonymous function, or addition. Each syntax construction specifies its own syntax, binding semantics, and runtime semantics, independent of the rest of the language. The runtime semantics are defined using a translation into another target language, similarly to macros. These translations can then be checked to ensure that they preserve binding semantics and introduce no binding errors. This checking ensures that binding errors can be presented in terms of code the programmer wrote, rather than generated code in some underlying language. During evaluation several limitations are encountered. Removing or minimizing these limitations appears possible, but is left for future work<br>Att implementera ett programmeringsspråk är ett mycket arbetstungt åtagande. Detta trots att mycket av det som behöver göras inte skiljer sig särskilt mycket mellan olika språk, de flesta behöver exempelvis parsning, namnupplösning, typcheckning och optimering. För ett domänspecifikt programmeringsspråk (DSL) är denna upprepning ännu mer tydlig. Det finns ett antal olika metoder för att hantera detta, exempelvis embeddade DSLer, macro-system, och mer generella system för programspråksimplementation. Dessa tenderar dock att ha en eller flera av följande begränsningar: De abstraktioner som introduceras "läcker", felmeddelanden kan exempelvis referera till abstraktioner i ett annat programmeringsspråk, nämligen det som användes för att implementera DSLet. DSLet som implementeras blir begränsat, antingen till vad som finns i implementationsspråket, eller till implementationsspråkets syntax. Ett DSL ses som den minsta hela beståndsdelen i systemet. Om delar av språket ska återanvändas eller inkluderas i ett annat måste hela språket följa med. Denna avhandling introducerar istället syntaxkonstruktioner som minsta beståndsdel. En syntaxkonstruktion representerar en enskild del av ett språk, exempelvis en if-sats, en anonym funktion, eller addition. Varje syntaxkonstruktion definierar sin egen syntax, bindningssemantik och exekveringssemantik, utan referenser till språket som helhet. Exekveringssemantiken liknar en macro, den uttrycks som en översättning till ett implementationsspråk. Tack vare att bindningssemantiken är specifierad kan vi sedan kontrollera översättningen så att den inte kan introducera bindningsfel. Detta medför att felmeddelanden kan referera enbart till kod som programmeraren faktiskt skrev, istället för genererad kod i implementationsspråket. Evalueringen påvisar flera begränsningar med systemet. Begränsningarna tycks lösbara, men detta arbete lämnas till framtiden.
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Ruelle, Alexandre. "Le Piémont-Savoie (1559-1792),comment se construit un État secondaire dans l’Europe d’entre-deux rhodano-padane ? Histoire d’une idée géopolitique." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CERG0931.
Full textAbstract:
À cheval sur les Alpes occidentales, les Etats de Piémont-Savoie occupent une place majeure sur l'échiquier européen tout au long de l'époque moderne. Or, rares sont les historiens français, italiens et anglophones à se pencher sur cette monarchie en dépit du récent renouveau historiographique insufflé par les Sabaudian Studies à l'initiative de l'historien américain Matthew Vester. Aucune étude approfondie sur la construction territoriale de cet Etat secondaire (puissance moyenne) n'a été menée jusqu'à présent : les recherches françaises se restreignent le plus souvent à des études locales centrées sur les questions économiques, sociales et religieuses de la « région Savoie », tandis que les historiens italiens ont produit depuis la seconde moitié du XIXe siècle de nombreux travaux cantonnés à l'histoire politique du Piémont. Quant aux Anglo-saxons, ils ont travaillé sur de trop courtes périodes pour saisir l’ensemble des mécanismes du processus d'étatisation du Piémont-Savoie. Un renouveau historiographique est nécessaire sur cette monarchie composite fragmentée par les montagnes entre les pays de « l’au-delà » (versant français) et ceux de l’ « en-deçà » (versant italien). Si cette thèse se focalise sur le Piémont, cœur politique de cette monarchie depuis 1563, la Savoie et le comté de Nice seront aussi évoqués pour surmonter l'impasse dans laquelle se trouve la plupart des études « régionales » menées jusqu'à présent. Cette étude vise à approfondir nos connaissances sur cet Etat secondaire qui a façonné les versants français et italien des Alpes. Elle amène aussi à envisager autrement l'histoire de l'Europe à travers une histoire politique et diplomatique renouvelée d’une dynastie européenne : celle de la maison de Savoie, de sa restauration en 1559 (ses États sont occupés dans le cadre des guerres d’Italie depuis 1536) à l’annexion de Nice et de la Savoie par la France révolutionnaire à l’automne-hiver 1792-1793. Il convient de partir du postulat suivant : la construction du Piémont-Savoie dans l'Europe d'entre-deux disputée entre la France et les Habsbourg est conditionnée par la politique d'une dynastie souveraine au succès parfois mitigé, ainsi que par le jeu des grandes puissances soucieux de préserver l’équilibre européen. Trois axes seront à privilégier. Le premier est l’ambitieuse politique territoriale de la maison de Savoie qui bascule d'un versant à l'autre, puis consolide et étend son Piémont peu à peu élevé au statut de puissance italienne. Ensuite, la diplomatie de cette dynastie en quête d’indépendance vise s’affirmer face à ses voisins hégémoniques (France et Empire). Enfin, il convient de s’intéresser au(x) rôle(s) que les grandes puissances (France, Empire, Espagne et Angleterre) attribuent à cet Etat d’abord considéré comme un « territoire-tampon » empêchant tout contact direct entre la France et le Milanais espagnol, puis comme un « État-barrière » empêchant la France d’entrer en Italie et un « Etat-équilibre » contrebalançant la puissance autrichienne à la tête de la moitié de la péninsule. Cette réflexion sera prolongée par un court épilogue sur le sort de cette monarchie progressivement annexée par la France révolutionnaire jusqu’à disparaitre une seconde fois en 1802. S’achève ainsi une histoire possible du Piémont-Savoie commencée deux siècles et demi plus tôt
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Sato, Luana. "A evolução das técnicas construtivas em São Paulo: residências unifamiliares de alto padrão." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3146/tde-11082011-140108/.
Full textAbstract:
Existe uma lacuna de registros históricos relacionada à evolução das técnicas construtivas utilizadas em São Paulo, sobretudo as envolvidas na construção de edificações de pequeno porte, que ficaram à margem das pesquisas desde o advento da construção em altura. Isto torna apropriado o levantamento de tais técnicas, bem como a investigação sobre os aspectos históricos que contribuíram para a sua modificação. O objetivo do presente estudo foi o registro sistemático das técnicas construtivas de habitações unifamiliares de alto padrão - representantes da boa técnica, por não haver a barreira de recursos, falta de planejamento e projeto -, bem como a análise dos motivos que levaram a suas transformações. Desse modo, este estudo visa a contribuir para o registro da história da construção paulistana. Para tanto, realizou-se uma ampla revisão bibliográfica, incluindo a consulta de publicações relevantes e periódicos especializados.<br>There is a lack of historical data related to evolution of the constructive techniques used in Sao Paulo, especially those involved in the construction of small buildings, which have become a subject of minor interest to researches since the advent of high-rise buildings. This makes a survey of the constructive techniques appropriate, as well as a research on the historical aspects that contributed to their modification. The aim of this study was to systematically record the high standard single-family residences constructive techniques - which represent good technique, for in this case there is no lack of resources, planning and design -, as well as to analyze the reasons that led to changes in such techniques. Therefore, this study seeks to contribute to the record of the construction history of Sao Paulo. To this end, we carried out an extensive literature review, including consultation of relevant publications and specialized serials.
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Standfuß, Friedrich. "Die Saalebrücke in Alsleben: Eine Dokumentation der Baugeschichte." Technische Universtiät Dresden, 2000. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A26375.
Full textAbstract:
Die Saalebrücke bei Alsleben ist ein Bauwerk mit bewegter Geschichte, die in diesem Buch detailliert rekonstruiert wird. Dabei wird – neben historisch interessanten Fakten – die Sicht vor allem auf die bautechnischen Details gelegt. So wird am Anfang die Entstehung von der ersten Idee bis zur Vergabe beleuchtet, wobei dies einen guten Einblick in die damalige Zeit gibt, in dem die Unterschiede, insbesondere aber auch die eine oder andere Gemeinsamkeit zur heuteigen Zeit aufgezeigt werden. Anschließend wird die zu diesem Zeitpunkt erstmalig verwendete Konstruktionsweise für eine Bogenbrücke mit vorgespanntem Zugband erklärt, die das Bauwerk, nicht nur wegen seines hauptverantwortlichen Planers – Franz Dischinger –, sondern vor allem konstruktiv zu einem besonders Erhaltenswerten macht.
Der Bedarf einer Erhaltungsmaßnahme entstand das erste Mal nach dem 2. Weltkrieg, als ein Bogen der Vorlandbrücke des Bauwerkes gesprengt wurde. In der Dokumentation des Wiederaufbaus wird vor allem die Schwierigkeit eines solchen Unterfangens kurz nach Kriegsende deutlich.
Aufgrund der lückenhaften Dokumentation und der mangelhaften Bauwerkserhaltung während der DDR-Zeit ist auch das nächste Kapitel in der Geschichte von Erhaltung geprägt. Ausführlich werden die Zustandsermittlung und die darauf folgende grundhafte Instandsetzung des sich in einem desolaten Zustand befindlichen Bauwerks nach der Wiedervereinigung beschrieben. Die sehr detaillierte Dokumentation von der Planung über die Bauausführung bis hin zu den Nacharbeiten infolge von Baumängeln sowie die Kostenaufstellung sind vor allem für fachliche interessierte Leser empfehlenswert.:Ein persönliches Vorwort S. 3
1. Die Bemühungen um den Bau der Brücke (1891 bis 1927) S. 7
2. Dau Bauwerksentwurf (1927) S. 13
3. Das vorgespannte Zugband von Dischinger (1928) S. 14
4. Ausschreibung, Angebotsbewertung und Bauvertrag (1927/1928) S. 19
5. Die Grundsteinlegung (1928) S. 29
6. Die Bauausführung (1928) S. 33
7. Die Verkehrsfreigabe (1928) S. 38
8. Die Gewährleistungsfrist (1929 bis 1933) S. 47
9. Das Brückengeld (1928 bis 1946) S. 49
10. Sprengung und Wiederaufbau (1945) S. 53
11. Zustand und Tragfähigkeit (1992) S. 59
12. Die Planung der Instandsetzung (1994 bis 1996) S. 74
13. Die Ausschreibung der Instandsetzung (1996) S. 77
14. Entwurf und Bau der Behelfsbrücke (1996 bis 1997) S. 84
15. Die Ausführung der Instandsetzung (1997 bis 2000) S. 104
16. Die Schäden bei der Instandsetzung des Überbaues Ü 3 S. 214
17. Die Verkehrsfreigabe (2000) S. 246
18. Die Kosten S. 249
19. Rückblick und Ausblick S. 262
20. Literatur S. 264