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Journal articles on the topic 'Building block approach'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

OSTRIKOV, KEN, and SHUYAN XU. "PLASMA-AIDED NANOFABRICATION: "PLASMA-BUILDING BLOCK" APPROACH." International Journal of Nanoscience 05, no. 04n05 (August 2006): 439–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x06004607.

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Unique features and benefits of the plasma-aided nanofabrication are considered by using the "plasma-building block" approach, which is based on plasma diagnostics and nanofilm characterization, cross-referenced by numerical simulation of generation and dynamics of building blocks in the gas phase, their interaction with nanostructured surfaces, and ab initio simulation of chemical structure of relevant nanoassemblies. The examples include carbon nanotip microemitter structures, semiconductor quantum dots and nanowires synthesized in the integrated plasma-aided nanofabrication facility.

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2

Kim, Charles J., Sridhar Kota, and Yong-Mo Moon. "An Instant Center Approach Toward the Conceptual Design of Compliant Mechanisms." Journal of Mechanical Design 128, no. 3 (July 29, 2005): 542–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2181992.

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As with conventional mechanisms, the conceptual design of compliant mechanisms is a blend of art and science. It is generally performed using one of two methods: topology optimization or the pseudo-rigid-body model. In this paper, we present a new conceptual design methodology which utilizes a building block approach for compliant mechanisms performing displacement amplification/attenuation. This approach provides an interactive, intuitive, and systematic methodology for generating initial compliant mechanism designs. The instant center is used as a tool to construct the building blocks. The compliant four-bar building block and the compliant dyad building block are presented as base mechanisms for the conceptual design. It is found that it is always possible to obtain a solution for the geometric advantage problem with an appropriate combination of these building blocks. In a building block synthesis, a problem is first evaluated to determine if any known building blocks can satisfy the design specifications. If there are none, the problem is decomposed to a number of sub-problems which may be solved with the building blocks. In this paper, the problem is decomposed by selecting a point in the design space where the output of the first building block coincides with the second building block. Two quantities are presented as tools to aid in the determination of the mechanism's geometry – (i) an index relating the geometric advantage of individual building blocks to the target geometric advantage and (ii) the error in the geometric advantage predicted by instant centers compared to the calculated value from FEA. These quantities guide the user in the selection of the location of nodes of the mechanism. Determination of specific cross-sectional size is reserved for subsequent optimization. An example problem is provided to demonstrate the methodology's capacity to obtain good initial designs in a straightforward manner. A size and geometry optimization is performed to demonstrate the viability of the design.

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3

Watanabe, K., and H. Sato. "Development of Nonlinear Building Block Approach." Journal of Vibration and Acoustics 110, no. 1 (January 1, 1988): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3269477.

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A nonlinear building block approach (NLBBA) is proposed to evaluate frequency response characteristics of nonlinear structure systems including springs with nonlinear stiffness and clearances at slide or bearing as occur in actual systems. The advantage of the building block approach (BBA) was that dynamic performance of the total linear system can be evaluated by analyzing and synthesizing the performance of subsystems. In this paper the method was extensively developed to investigate systems with nonlinearities. The describing function was adopted to represent nonlinearity in the system equations. The compliance could be obtained by solving nonlinear simultaneous algebraic equations for multi-degrees-of-freedom system with multinonlinearities. The method was applied to a beam supported by nonlinear springs and a spindle of a machine tool. The evaluated compliance could quantitatively show effects of the nonlinearity such as transfer of the natural frequency, variance of the compliance at the natural frequency, and jump phenomena for sweep of the excitation frequency. The results of the application agreed well with those obtained by step-by-step integration in the time domain (time historical analysis) which is generally used, and also agreed well with the empirical phenomenon of the stability to the self-excited chatter. The computation time could be significantly shortened by the proposed method.

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4

Taima, Masahiro, Yasushi Asami, and Kimihiro Hino. "Estimation of building shape by block size." Abstracts of the ICA 1 (July 15, 2019): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-1-360-2019.

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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Block restructuring has been strongly emphasized in Japan for renovating cities. However, little is known about the relation between block size and building shape. Moreover, the shape of buildings designed on a block after restructuring is unclear. Some estimation methods for urban physical status, such as building footprint location, floor area, and land use, have been developed in previous research. Taima et al. (2016) developed a model to estimate the building footprint area by using GIS. The future image of the building footprint on various blocks is visualized. Similarly, Asami and Ohtaki (2000) developed a model to estimate detached house location. Orford (2010) developed a methodology for estimating the floor area of individual properties from digital infrastructure data. Shiravi et al. (2015) assessed the utility of some models for estimating floor area using three data sources: a geographic vector building footprint layer, a LiDAR data set, and field survey data for the south side of the city of Fredericton, Canada. They discussed the reliability and accuracy of each model. In other research, Brunner et al. (2009) extended a methodology for building height estimation and tried to improve its accuracy. Schmidt et al. (2010) presented an approach to the estimation of building density on the block scale. Land use (Debnath and Amin, 2016; Jiang and Liu, 2012) and floor area (Orford, 2010) are popular topics and estimated in previous studies of the urban field, but estimation of building shape has seldom been a focus in the literature. Three-dimensional estimations of buildings cannot be found. If software to estimate building shape by block shape and other conditions was developed, it would be useful to determine urban planning, such as population estimation and landuse estimation. In this study, an estimation model is developed and applied to certain areas. In this study, the relation between block size and building shape is analyzed quantitatively, and a three-dimensional building shape is estimated by a model using an urban planning GIS data set of Tokyo (Figure 1 and 2). Results show the quantitative relation between block size and building shape, and the building shape image on the blocks. Higher buildings and buildings with a basement tend to be built in larger blocks, leading to efficient use of the maximum volume permitted in the block. In addition, the region composed by larger blocks can be spacious, because the range of building setback will be long in larger blocks. Designation of a high floor area ratio may induce integration and enlargement of blocks. Blocks are less likely to be partitioned in zones when a high floor area ratio is designated.</p>

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5

Hasegawa, Isao, Haruyuki Suzuki, and Kohichi Takei. "Building Block Approach to SiO2-TiO2Porous Materials." Chemistry Letters 27, no. 6 (June 1998): 529–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1246/cl.1998.529.

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6

Manthey, D. "A Building Block Approach to Journal Club." Academic Emergency Medicine 9, no. 10 (October 1, 2002): 1054—b—1054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1197/aemj.9.10.1054-b.

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7

Jabri, Marwan A. "Building Rectangular Floorplans–A Graph Theoretical Approach." VLSI Design 1, no. 2 (January 1, 1994): 99–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1994/46871.

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Rectangular dualisation is a technique used to generate rectangular topologies for use in top-down floorplanning of integrated circuits. In order for this technique to be used in a floorplanning system, its input, the connectivity graph representing an integrated circuit has to fulfill a number of conditions. This paper presents an efficient algorithm that transforms an arbitrary connected graph, representing an integrated circuit, into another graph that is guaranteed to fulfill these conditions and to admit rectangular duals. Effectively, the algorithm solves the global routing problem by using three techniques: passthrough, wiring blocks and collapsed wiring blocks. Resulting floorplans may be passed to a chip assembler and detailed router package to complete the layout. This paper also introduces a novel technique to transform a tree of biconnected sub-graphs into a block neighbourhood graph that is a path.

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8

Steinkamp, Anne-Dorothee, Stefan Wiezorek, Felix Brosge, and Carsten Bolm. "Building Block Approach for the Synthesis of Sulfoximines." Organic Letters 18, no. 20 (October 5, 2016): 5348–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.orglett.6b02678.

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9

Bryden, Matt. "New hope for Somalia? The building block approach." Review of African Political Economy 26, no. 79 (March 1999): 134–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03056249908704367.

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10

WATANABE, Kazushi, and Hisayoshi SATO. "The development of a nonlinear Building Block Approach." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series C 52, no. 481 (1986): 2397–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaic.52.2397.

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11

Hasegawa, Isao, Kyoko Hibino, and Kohichi Takei. "Building Block approach to SiO2-ZrO2 porous materials." Applied Organometallic Chemistry 13, no. 8 (August 1999): 549–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-0739(199908)13:8<549::aid-aoc890>3.0.co;2-5.

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12

Konev, Alexander S., and Alexander F. Khlebnikov. "A Building Block Approach to Monofluorinated Organic Compounds." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 73, no. 12 (2008): 1553–611. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc20081553.

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Building blocks for the synthesis of monofluorinated organic compounds are reviewed. The synthetic potential of polyhalomethanes, sulfur- and phosphorus-containing building blocks, difluoroethene, polyhaloethanes, fluoroacetic acid derivatives, and other compounds are described. Pericyclic reactions involving fluorinated compounds and application of the methodology of building blocks to the synthesis of monofluorinated pharmaceuticals and analogs of natural compounds are considered. The review with 317 references covers mainly the literature from 1996 through 2007.

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13

Hasegawa, Isao. "Building block approach to organic/silica hybrid materials." Journal of Sol-gel Science and Technology 5, no. 2 (1995): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00487725.

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14

Mola Ebrahimi, S., H. Arefi, and H. Rasti Veis. "AERIAL IMAGERY AND LIDAR DATA FUSION FOR UNAMBIGUOUS EXTRACTION OF ADJACENT LEVEL-BUILDINGS’ FOOTPRINTS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-4/W4 (September 27, 2017): 179–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-4-w4-179-2017.

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Our paper aims to present a new approach to identify and extract building footprints using aerial images and LiDAR data. Employing an edge detector algorithm, our method first extracts the outer boundary of buildings, and then by taking advantage of Hough transform and extracting the boundary of connected buildings in a building block, it extracts building footprints located in each block. The proposed method first recognizes the predominant leading orientation of a building block using Hough transform, and then rotates the block according to the inverted complement of the dominant line’s angle. Therefore the block poses horizontally. Afterwards, by use of another Hough transform, vertical lines, which might be the building boundaries of interest, are extracted and the final building footprints within a block are obtained. The proposed algorithm is implemented and tested on the urban area of Zeebruges, Belgium(IEEE Contest,2015). The areas of extracted footprints are compared to the corresponding areas in the reference data and mean error is equal to 7.43 m2. Besides, qualitative and quantitative evaluations suggest that the proposed algorithm leads to acceptable results in automated precise extraction of building footprints.

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15

Andrews, D. J., D. Burger, and J. Zhang. "Design For Production Using The Design Building Block Approach." International Journal of Maritime Engineering 147, a1 (2005): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3940/rina.ijme.2005.a1.050154.

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16

Miyaji, Hidekazu, Wataru Sato, Jonathan L. Sessler, and Vincent M. Lynch. "A ‘building block’ approach to functionalized calix[4]pyrroles." Tetrahedron Letters 41, no. 9 (February 2000): 1369–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-4039(99)02295-9.

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17

Delmont, Renaud, Anna Proust, Francis Robert, Patrick Herson, and Pierre Gouzerh. "The building block approach to the synthesis of polyoxotrisalkoxometalates." Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series IIC - Chemistry 3, no. 2 (April 2000): 147–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1387-1609(00)00114-6.

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18

Harriman, Katie L. M., and Muralee Murugesu. "An Organolanthanide Building Block Approach to Single-Molecule Magnets." Accounts of Chemical Research 49, no. 6 (May 19, 2016): 1158–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.accounts.6b00100.

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19

Chimpri, Abita S., and Piero Macchi. "Electron density building block approach for metal organic frameworks." Physica Scripta 87, no. 4 (March 28, 2013): 048105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-8949/87/04/048105.

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20

Naim, M. Ahsan, John P. Fonseka, and Eric M. Dowling. "A Building Block Approach for Designing Multilevel Coding Schemes." IEEE Communications Letters 19, no. 1 (January 2015): 2–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2014.2364190.

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21

Burrell, Anthony K., and David L. Officer. "Functionalizing Porphyrins via Wittig Reactions: A Building Block Approach." Synlett 1998, no. 12 (December 1998): 1297–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-1998-1938.

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22

Maurya, Sushil K., Mark Dow, Stuart Warriner, and Adam Nelson. "Synthesis of skeletally diverse alkaloid-like molecules: exploitation of metathesis substrates assembled from triplets of building blocks." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 9 (April 22, 2013): 775–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.9.88.

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A range of metathesis substrates was assembled from triplets of unsaturated building blocks. The approach involved the iterative attachment of a propagating and a terminating building block to a fluorous-tagged initiating building block. Metathesis cascade chemistry was used to “reprogram” the molecular scaffolds. Remarkably, in one case, a cyclopropanation reaction competed with the expected metathesis cascade process. Finally, it was demonstrated that the metathesis products could be derivatised to yield the final products. At each stage, purification was facilitated by the presence of a fluorous-tagged protecting group.

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23

Drexler, Johannes, and Ulrich Groth. "Trifluoromethylated Nucleosides: A Building Block Approach to Cytotoxic Adenosine Analogues." European Journal of Organic Chemistry 2014, no. 28 (August 20, 2014): 6314–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.201402755.

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24

HASEGAWA, I., H. SUZUKI, and K. TAKEI. "ChemInform Abstract: Building Block Approach to SiO2-TiO2 Porous Materials." ChemInform 29, no. 40 (June 19, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199840018.

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25

Hasegawa, Isao, Kyoko Hibino, and Kohichi Takei. "ChemInform Abstract: Building Block Approach to SiO2-ZrO2 Porous Materials." ChemInform 30, no. 44 (June 13, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199944305.

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26

Stürmer, Rainer. "Short enantioselective approach to a building block for macrolide syntheses." Liebigs Annalen der Chemie 1991, no. 4 (April 12, 1991): 311–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.199119910154.

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27

Yahata, S. "Torsional vibration analysis of truck drivetrain by building block approach." JSAE Review 17, no. 2 (April 1996): 203–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0389-4304(95)00064-x.

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28

Pecoraro, Vincent L., Jeffrey J. Bodwin, and Annabel D. Cutland. "Formation of Chiral Solids via a Molecular Building Block Approach." Journal of Solid State Chemistry 152, no. 1 (June 2000): 68–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jssc.2000.8670.

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29

Carbonell-Carrera, C., A. J. Jaeger, J. L. Saorín, D. Melián, and J. de la Torre-Cantero. "Minecraft as a block building approach for developing spatial skills." Entertainment Computing 38 (May 2021): 100427. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.entcom.2021.100427.

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30

MALBILA, Etienne, Fati ZOMA, David Y. K. TOGUYENI, Chris-veenem Methushael COMPAORE, and Dieudonné Joseph BATHIEBO. "Developing Double Walls System to Improve Building Energy Performances in Dry Tropical Climates." IRA-International Journal of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2455-4499) 16, no. 3 (August 9, 2021): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.21013/jas.v16.n3.p1.

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This paper deals with building envelope thermal performance through a comparative study of the use of two types of construction materials, such as CEB and cement blocks, in order to introduce the use of double walls in sustainable buildings' construction. The building envelope participates in providing thermal comfort to users and in the optimal management of building energy consumption. This study begins with a survey of public preferences for building materials used in Burkina Faso. The results indicate that 76% of the people surveyed opt for cement blocks over local materials. Concerning the thermal and specific energy performance, three variants of building envelope were studied: CEB walls, cement blocks and the double-wall (CEB + Cement blocks). It appears that the CEB walls are more efficient than the cement block walls. The introduction of double envelopes leads to the thermal resistance of 357.37m².K/W and reduces the heat flow from 85.32% to 90.24% compared to the wall made with CEB and cement blocks. This approach, which consists in mixing construction materials for good thermal insulation, allows improving the envelope thermal performance and the overall building energy performance.

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31

Li, Jianping, Salih Emre Demirel, and M. M. Faruque Hasan. "Building Block-Based Synthesis and Intensification of Work-Heat Exchanger Networks (WHENS)." Processes 7, no. 1 (January 7, 2019): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr7010023.

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We provide a new method to represent all potential flowsheet configurations for the superstructure-based simultaneous synthesis of work and heat exchanger networks (WHENS). The new representation is based on only two fundamental elements of abstract building blocks. The first design element is the block interior that is used to represent splitting, mixing, utility cooling, and utility heating of individual streams. The second design element is the shared boundaries between adjacent blocks that permit inter-stream heat and work transfer and integration. A semi-restricted boundary represents expansion/compression of streams connected to either common (integrated) or dedicated (utility) shafts. A completely restricted boundary with a temperature gradient across it represents inter-stream heat integration. The blocks interact with each other via mass and energy flows through the boundaries when assembled in a two-dimensional grid-like superstructure. Through observation and examples from literature, we illustrate that our building block-based WHENS superstructure contains numerous candidate flowsheet configurations for simultaneous heat and work integration. This approach does not require the specification of work and heat integration stages. Intensified designs, such as multi-stream heat exchangers with varying pressures, are also included. We formulate a mixed-integer non-linear (MINLP) optimization model for WHENS with minimum total annual cost and demonstrate the capability of the proposed synthesis approach through a case study on liquefied energy chain. The concept of building blocks is found to be general enough to be used in possible discovery of non-intuitive process flowsheets involving heat and work exchangers.

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32

OKUHO, Nobuyuki, and Katsunori TAKEUCHI. "Development of Acoustic Building Block Approach and its Application (2nd Report)." Journal of the Japan Society for Precision Engineering 59, no. 10 (1993): 1671–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2493/jjspe.59.1671.

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33

OKUBO, Nobuyuki, and Katsunori TAKEUCHI. "Development of Acoustic Building Block Approach and its Application (1st Report)." Journal of the Japan Society for Precision Engineering 59, no. 4 (1993): 583–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2493/jjspe.59.583.

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34

Hara, Tadahiko, Toyoaki Furukawa, and Katsuhiko Shoda. "Vibration Analysis of Main Engine Shaft System by Building Block Approach." JOURNAL OF THE MARINE ENGINEERING SOCIETY IN JAPAN 29, no. 10 (1994): 736–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5988/jime1966.29.736.

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35

Mayer, Igor S., Wieke Bockstael-Blok, and Edwin C. Valentin. "A Building Block Approach to Simulation: An Evaluation Using Containers Adrift." Simulation & Gaming 35, no. 1 (March 2004): 29–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1046878103262139.

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36

Browne, A. R., J. M. Bass, and P. J. Fleming. "A Building-Block Approach to the Temporal Modelling of Control Software." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 30, no. 3 (April 1997): 391–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)44527-7.

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37

Burrell, Anthony K., and David L. Officer. "ChemInform Abstract: Functionalizing Porphyrins via Wittig Reactions: A Building Block Approach." ChemInform 30, no. 10 (June 17, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199910294.

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38

Tama, Florence, Florent Xavier Gadea, Osni Marques, and Yves-Henri Sanejouand. "Building-block approach for determining low-frequency normal modes of macromolecules." Proteins: Structure, Function, and Genetics 41, no. 1 (2000): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1097-0134(20001001)41:1<1::aid-prot10>3.0.co;2-p.

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39

Basak, Suman, S. Neogy, A. Nandi, and PK Das. "A building block-like approach for kinematic analysis of plane mechanisms." International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Education 48, no. 2 (September 18, 2018): 99–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306419018802403.

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Powerful packages based on multibody dynamics can solve virtually any dynamic system. But to the user they are black boxes. Kinematic analysis of plane mechanisms is vital to mechanical engineering. This analysis hardly requires such versatile tools. Further blind usage of these powerful tools does not permit the user to develop insight into the mechanisms. On the other hand, packages based on simple but modular approach are ideally suited for the purpose. The aim of the preset work is to rigorously define the independently solvable modules and to develop a program using these modules, on MATLAB platform, which can solve a large variety of plane mechanisms.

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40

Ueda, Asami, Mitsuo Umetsu, Takeshi Nakanishi, Kentaro Hashikami, Hikaru Nakazawa, Shuhei Hattori, Ryutaro Asano, and Izumi Kumagai. "Chemically Crosslinked Bispecific Antibodies for Cancer Therapy: Breaking from the Structural Restrictions of the Genetic Fusion Approach." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 3 (January 21, 2020): 711. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21030711.

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Antibodies are composed of structurally and functionally independent domains that can be used as building blocks to construct different types of chimeric protein-format molecules. However, the generally used genetic fusion and chemical approaches restrict the types of structures that can be formed and do not give an ideal degree of homogeneity. In this study, we combined mutation techniques with chemical conjugation to construct a variety of homogeneous bivalent and bispecific antibodies. First, building modules without lysine residues—which can be chemical conjugation sites—were generated by means of genetic mutation. Specific mutated residues in the lysine-free modules were then re-mutated to lysine residues. Chemical conjugation at the recovered lysine sites enabled the construction of homogeneous bivalent and bispecific antibodies from block modules that could not have been so arranged by genetic fusion approaches. Molecular evolution and bioinformatics techniques assisted in finding viable alternatives to the lysine residues that did not deactivate the block modules. Multiple candidates for re-mutation positions offer a wide variety of possible steric arrangements of block modules, and appropriate linkages between block modules can generate highly bioactive bispecific antibodies. Here, we propose the effectiveness of the lysine-free block module design for site-specific chemical conjugation to form a variety of types of homogeneous chimeric protein-format molecule with a finely tuned structure and function.

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41

Wojcik, Felix, Sinaida Lel, Alexander G. O’Brien, Peter H. Seeberger, and Laura Hartmann. "Synthesis of homo- and heteromultivalent carbohydrate-functionalized oligo(amidoamines) using novel glyco-building blocks." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 9 (November 7, 2013): 2395–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.9.276.

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We present the solid phase synthesis of carbohydrate-functionalized oligo(amidoamines) with different functionalization patterns utilizing a novel alphabet of six differently glycosylated building blocks. Highly efficient in flow conjugation of thioglycosides to a double-bond presenting diethylentriamine precursor is the key step to prepare these building blocks suitable for fully automated solid-phase synthesis. Introduction of the sugar ligands via functionalized building blocks rather than postfunctionalization of the oligomeric backbone allows for the straightforward synthesis of multivalent glycoligands with full control over monomer sequence and functionalization pattern. We demonstrate the potential of this building-block approach by synthesizing oligomers with different numbers and spacing of carbohydrates and also show the feasibility of heteromultivalent glycosylation patterns by combining building blocks presenting different mono- and disaccharides.

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42

Jiang, Hong, Kai-Jie Chen, Fan-Fan Zheng, Xu Chen, Yan Liu, and Yong Cui. "A supermolecular building block approach for construction of chiral metal–organic frameworks." Chemical Communications 55, no. 59 (2019): 8639–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9cc02787d.

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43

Mustaffa, A. A., C. M. Iruthayam, S. Bukhari, and A. H. Omar. "Building Locator Using Geographical Information System Application." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 17, no. 2 (February 1, 2020): 1396–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2020.8817.

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Rapid and fast-growing developments have increased the demand to build more facilities and buildings in Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM). In accordance with this statement, newly or senior students including lectures in UTHM finds it difficult to locate their accurate location or destination which causes their wastage of time and energy. Thus, studies on locating building using Geographic Information System (GIS) application were conducted. The main aim of this study is to develop a web based GIS application as a proper and effective solution which is intended to minimize the problems in locating buildings and facilities within main campus of UTHM. The objectives of this study are to develop a database for UTHM main campus buildings where it will be used to analysis building locator information and developing the database into a web-based application. The database system is designed using QGIS where geospatial and attribute data were used to create a database as a dataset to run the application. This application known as Campus Building Locator (CBL) was designed with suitable information such as block name, building name and block image to show building’s location and facilities. Questioners have been distributed to analysis the effectiveness of CBL based on users feedback. Based on the result obtained, 58% of the users strongly agree that CBL is a user-friendly application and 67% of users also strongly agree that the information provided as mentioned before is sufficient enough to locate building or facilities around the campus area. About 58% of users are satisfied with the components and features provided in this application where it attracts the user to use it more often for their search. Overall, CBL will introduce new searching approach, a very useful medium and standard references to all UTHM occupants.

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Assis Oliveira, Leonardo Bruno, Tertius L. Fonseca, and Benedito J. C. Cabral. "15N NMR Shifts of Eumelanin Building Blocks in Water: A Combined Quantum Mechanics/Statistical Mechanics Approach." Molecules 25, no. 16 (August 9, 2020): 3616. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25163616.

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Theoretical results for the magnetic shielding of protonated and unprotonated nitrogens of eumelanin building blocks including monomers, dimers, and tetramers in gas phase and water are presented. The magnetic property in water was determined by carrying out Monte Carlo statistical mechanics sampling combined with quantum mechanics calculations based on the gauge-including atomic orbitals approach. The results show that the environment polarization can have a marked effect on nitrogen magnetic shieldings, especially for the unprotonated nitrogens. Large contrasts of the oligomerization effect on magnetic shielding show a clear distinction between eumelanin building blocks in solution, which could be detected in nuclear magnetic resonance experiments. Calculations for a π-stacked structure defined by the dimer of a tetrameric building block indicate that unprotonated N atoms are significantly deshielded upon π stacking, whereas protonated N atoms are slightly shielded. The results stress the interest of NMR experiments for a better understanding of the eumelanin complex structure.

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Kusumawardhani, Mayang, Ståle Gundersen, and Markeset Tore. "Mapping the research approach of asset management studies in the petroleum industry." Journal of Quality in Maintenance Engineering 23, no. 1 (March 13, 2017): 57–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jqme-07-2015-0031.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study the current research approaches in asset management (AM), to evaluate some of the prevalent research methods in AM studies and to summarize the result into a building-block research that may provide design guidelines in AM studies. Design/methodology/approach AM publications were selected for this study using by online search engines and the publications were classified based on the appropriate research approaches. The results will be discussed and a suitable building-block research for AM studies will be constructed based on the identified research approaches. Findings The paper identifies, analyses and validates the research approaches found in a sample of online AM publications. The research-approaches and their associated methods will be discussed to develop understanding of the context of these approaches in AM research. Research limitations/implications The paper limits the study in publications within the AM field in the petroleum industry. However, the research methods that are presented covers the most common research methods found in publications. Thus, although the sample of publications may not represent the entire population, the same approach and result can be used in similar topics and conditions. Originality/value Researchers or practitioners can benefit from the building blocks of research to develop a research design for AM studies. Moreover, the paper also provides information on common research methods and data gathering techniques that can be used for similar studies.

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Rivera-Chávez, José, Huzefa A. Raja, Tyler N. Graf, Joanna E. Burdette, Cedric J. Pearce, and Nicholas H. Oberlies. "Biosynthesis of Fluorinated Peptaibols Using a Site-Directed Building Block Incorporation Approach." Journal of Natural Products 80, no. 6 (June 8, 2017): 1883–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jnatprod.7b00189.

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Roy, René, and Allan W. Rey. "Chemoenzymatic synthesis of A C5-chiral building block: A substrate modification approach." Tetrahedron Letters 28, no. 42 (January 1987): 4935–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-4039(00)96663-2.

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Kotha, Sambasivarao. "The Building Block Approach to Unusual α-Amino Acid Derivatives and Peptides." Accounts of Chemical Research 36, no. 5 (May 2003): 342–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ar020147q.

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Tagawa, N., and M. Hashimoto. "Submicron spacing dynamics for flying head slider mechanisms using building block approach." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 21, no. 5 (September 1985): 1506–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmag.1985.1063999.

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Pfund, Emmanuel, Thierry Lequeux, Michel Vazeux, and Serge Masson. "Synthesis of thiapyranoside precursors using the building-block approach from a phosphonodifluorodithioacetate." Tetrahedron Letters 43, no. 11 (March 2002): 2033–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-4039(02)00204-6.

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