Journal articles: 'Building – Botswana'

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Monu, Erasmus D. "Building sustainable farmer organizations: horticultural groups in Botswana." South African Journal of Sociology 27, no. 4 (November 1996): 126–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02580144.1996.10426536.

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Chandar, Ashwin, Sukhdeep Kaur, Tlotlo Bathethi Ralefala, Deborah Toppmeyer, Claire Philipp, Richard Marlink, Reena Antony, et al. "Building international partnerships to improve global oncological care: Perspective from Rutgers-CINJ Global Oncology Fellowship Program." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 27_suppl (September 20, 2019): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.27_suppl.159.

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159 Background: With cancer accounting for 1 in every 7 deaths worldwide and 60-70% of cancer deaths occurring in low- and middle-income countries, any advancement in cancer care should include understanding to alleviate structural inequalities that produce these global oncological disparities. Rutgers-Cancer Institute of New Jersey (R-CINJ) Oncology Fellowship program, through partnerships with Rutgers Global Health and University of Botswana (UB), established a global oncology program in 2018 to provide young oncologists in training with this educational opportunity. Aims included understanding challenges faced by cancer patients in Botswana, evaluating opportunities to improve oncology care at Princess Marina Hospital (PMH), scholarly collaborations, and exchange knowledge. Methods: In partnership with PMH, UB, and Ministry of Health and Wellness (MOHW), R-CINJ created a global oncology program consisting of a 1 month rotation at PMH in Gaborone, Botswana, as well as longitudinal research/quality improvement (QI) projects. Two 3rd year oncology fellows rotated with house officers and oncologist at PMH. Weekly video conferences facilitated communication during the elective. Projects continued throughout 3rd year of fellowship, in conjunction with programmatic meetings. Results: Fellows gained exposure to cancer care using limited resources. In working with PMH staff, mentorship was provided, QI ideas were shared, and organizational changes were implemented. Scholarly activity was undertaken to examine trends in chemotherapy utilization at PMH over a 12-month period to assess patterns of malignancy and issues with stock outs. Relationship between pathology at PMH, UB, and Rutgers-CINJ and Rutgers Biomedical Engineering was established to expand digital pathology services in Botswana. Conclusions: Our global oncology program is a successful start to an ongoing partnership to help improve cancer care in Botswana. Future directions include development of cancer protocols in Botswana, helping limit medication shortages, and establishing telemedicine based collaboration to assist with diagnosis and improve pathology turnaround time.

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Chandar, Ashwin, Sukhdeep Kaur, Deborah Toppmeyer, Tlotlo Bathethi Ralefala, Roger Strair, Claire Philipp, Richard Marlink, et al. "Building international partnerships to improve global oncological care: Perspective from Rutgers-CINJ Global Oncology Fellowship Program." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2019): e18161-e18161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.e18161.

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e18161 Background: With cancer accounting for 1 in every 7 deaths worldwide and 60-70% of cancer deaths occurring in low- and middle-income countries, any advancement in cancer care should include understanding to alleviate structural inequalities that produce these global oncologic disparities. Rutgers-Cancer Institute of New Jersey (R-CINJ) Oncology Fellowship program, through partnerships with Rutgers Global Health and University of Botswana (UB), established a global oncology program in 2018 to provide young oncologists in training with this educational opportunity. Aims included understanding challenges faced by cancer patients in Botswana, evaluating opportunities to improve oncology care at Princess Marina Hospital (PMH), scholarly collaborations, and exchange knowledge. Methods: In partnership with PMH, UB, and Ministry of Health and Wellness (MOHW), R-CINJ created a global oncology program consisting of a 1 month rotation at PMH in Gaborone, Botswana, as well as longitudinal research/quality improvement (QI) projects. Two 3rd year oncology fellows rotated with house officers and oncologist at PMH. Weekly video conferences facilitated communication during the elective. Projects continued throughout 3rd year of fellowship, in conjunction with programmatic meetings. Results: Fellows gained exposure to cancer care using limited resources. In working with PMH staff, mentorship was provided, QI ideas were shared, and organizational changes were implemented. Scholarly activity was undertaken to examine trends in chemotherapy utilization at PMH over a 12-month period to assess patterns of malignancy and issues with stock outs. Relationship between pathology at PMH, UB, R-CINJ, and Rutgers Biomedical Engineering was established to expand digital pathology services in Botswana. Conclusions: Our global oncology program is a successful start to an ongoing partnership to help improve cancer care in Botswana. Future directions include development of cancer guidelines and protocols in Botswana, helping limit medication shortages, and establishing telemedicine based collaboration to assist with diagnosis and improve pathology turnaround time.

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Molomo, Mpho G. "Building Social Capital and Political Trust: Consolidating Democracy in Botswana." Journal of African elections 5, no. 2 (December 1, 2006): 181–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.20940/jae/2006/v5i2a13.

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Barchi, F., M. Kasimatis Singleton, M. Magama, and S. Shaibu. "Building locally relevant ethics curricula for nursing education in Botswana." International Nursing Review 61, no. 4 (November 19, 2014): 491–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/inr.12138.

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Barchi, F., M. Kasimatis Singleton, M. Magama, and S. Shaibu. "Building locally relevant ethics curricula for nursing education in Botswana." Annals of Global Health 81, no. 1 (March 12, 2015): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aogh.2015.02.550.

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Akindele, Dele Olufemi. "Linguistic Landscapes as Public Communication: A Study of Public Signage in Gaborone Botswana." International Journal of Linguistics 3, no. 1 (October 18, 2011): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijl.v3i1.1157.

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The study of public signage is termed linguistic landscape (LL). Landry & Bourhis (1997) define the notion as “the language of public road signs, advertising billboards, street names, place names, commercial shop signs, and public signs on government buildings combines to form the linguistic landscape of a given territory, region, or urban agglomeration” (p.25). The present study intends to contribute to this development in Gaborone the capital city of Botswana. The aim of this study is to show that LL can provide valuable insight into the linguistic situation of Gaborone Botswana, including common patterns of language usage, official language policies, prevalent language attitudes, and the long-term consequences of language contact, among others. This was be done by analyzing the data collected from specific public domains such as street signs, advertising signs, building names, warning notices and prohibitions, billboards, shop signs, informative signs (directions, hours of opening), etc. in Gaborone.

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Wilmshurst, T. "Desert, diamonds, diplomas and degrees. Building an engineering department in Botswana." IEE Review 40, no. 5 (September 1, 1994): 221–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ir:19940512.

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Rabasoma, R. K., D. D. Serame, and O. T. Masoso. "Evaluation of the Impact of Window Shading on the Anti-Insulation Phenomenon in Building Energy Use." MRS Advances 3, no. 34-35 (2018): 2063–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2018.403.

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ABSTRACTBefore 2008, it was common knowledge around the world that insulation always saved air conditioning energy in buildings. In 2008 a phenomenon called anti-insulation was brought to light by Masoso & Grobler. They demonstrated that there are instances when insulation materials in a building directly increase building energy use. Researchers around the world then echoed the message. Recent work by some of the authors investigated the anti-insulation phenomenon in summer and winter for both hot climatic regions (Botswana) and cold climatic regions (Canada). Their study concluded that there is still a mystery of exaggerated sources of heat inside the building aggravating the anti-insulation phenomenon. They hypothesized that incident solar radiation through the windows could be one of the causes. This paper therefore focuses on eliminating direct solar radiation through windows by applying external shadings on a previously anti-insulation building. The energy saved is evaluated and the possible reversal of anti-insulation studied. The study is useful to energy policy makers and the building industry as it showcases the existence of a possible silent killer (anti-insulation) and demonstrates that investing large sums of money on insulation in buildings may not be the most economic thing to do in building design decisions.

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Moeti, Bakadzi, and Hildah L. Mokgolodi. "Indigenous Marital Therapy: A Case of Botswana." International Journal of Social Science Studies 5, no. 11 (October 30, 2017): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/ijsss.v5i11.2582.

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Botswana has a long history of indigenous marital therapy. This indigenous therapy is embodied in the indigenous philosophy of motho ke motho ka batho (I am because we are). This philosophy promotes togetherness, connectedness, collectiveness, compassion, love and harmony and the building of sustainable relationships among families. The paper explores some of the indigenous therapeutic marital approaches used during wedding ceremonies amongst them, songs, proverbs and group counselling. It also argues that these indigenous marital approaches build family relations and are a continuous source of therapy for the married couple; in addition to relieving women from marital stress and maintaining strong family relationships even after the marriage has ended.

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Jobe, K., and C. J. K. Williams. "Flexible Design and Construction Strategies for Self-Help Housing in Botswana." Open Construction and Building Technology Journal 10, no. 1 (June 28, 2016): 381–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874836801610010381.

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In an effort to coordinate the housing schemes from different departments, Government of the Republic of Botswana took a decision to establish Single Housing Authority (SiHA) through a Presidential Cabinet Directive CAB20 (B) 2010 in July 2010. Previously, these schemes were designed and built by the local councils, with the help of the local builders and house owners. A review of the architect designed and contractor-led housing projects under this scheme, demonstrate the shortcomings of a standardized housing design approach and the need to develop a flexible design strategies that can respond to the inevitable changes associated with low-income housing. A qualitative case study research of Self-Help Housing Agency (SHHA)’s built houses was conducted in Mochudi (Botswana) to explore potential strategies of improving the current self-help housing design processes. Using case study examples from Mochudi, a systematic and flexible design framework is suggested as an economically viable approach to improve the quality of self-help housing design processes that reduce costly changes which are associated with the current government-funded housing schemes.

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WILLIAMS, MIKE, and ALICE J. HOVORKA. "CONTEXTUALIZING YOUTH ENTREPRENEURSHIP: THE CASE OF BOTSWANA'S YOUNG FARMERS FUND." Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship 18, no. 04 (December 2013): 1350022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1084946713500222.

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Entrepreneurship is well established as a development strategy to facilitate youth empowerment in Africa. Existing scholarship on youth entrepreneurship, while informative, remains limited given its focus on either normative institutional structures or individual decision-making behaviors. Recent research offers a contextualist approach, featuring the dynamic relationship between individual behavior and structural context. Engaging and building upon a contextualist approach, this paper offers a place-based study of youth entrepreneurship in Botswana. The paper documents empirical findings revealing trends in youth circumstances and experiences, namely empowerment potential, financial strain and knowledge/skill gaps. It then explores the cultural, political and institutional contextual effects shaping youth entrepreneurship within the Young Farmers Fund (YFF). Drawing on elements of 'best practice,' the paper offers suggestions for enhancing practical entrepreneurship in Botswana through educational, technical and operational means. Although the paper contributes a case study of youth and entrepreneurship in Botswana, it also offers and demonstrates the conceptual framework of contextualism as a useful research tool for subsequent place-based studies.

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Grover, Surbhi, Nicola Zetola, Doreen Ramogola-Masire, Memory Bvochora-Nsingo, Allison F. Schnader, Rosemarie Mick, Lesego Gabaitiri, et al. "Building research capacity through programme development and research implementation in resource-limited settings - the Ipabalele study protocol: observational cohort studies determining the effect of HIV on the natural history of cervical cancer in Botswana." BMJ Open 9, no. 12 (December 2019): e031103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-031103.

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IntroductionThe global burden of cancer continues to increase in low- and middle-income countries, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Botswana, a middle-income country in SSA, has the second highest prevalence of HIV worldwide and has seen an increase in human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated cervical cancer over the last decade in the setting of improved survival of HIV-infected women. There is an urgent need to understand more clearly the causes and consequences of HPV-associated cervical cancer in the setting of HIV infection. We initiated the Ipabalele (‘take care of yourself’ in Setswana) programme to address this need for new knowledge and to initiate long-term research programme capacity building in the region. In this manuscript, we describe the components of the programme, including three main research projects as well as a number of essential cores to support the activities of the programme.Methods and proceduresOur multidisciplinary approach aims to further current understanding of the problem by implementing three complementary studies aimed at identifying its molecular, behavioural and clinical determinants. Three participant cohorts were designed to represent the early, intermediate and late stages of the natural history of cervical cancer.The functional structure of the programme is coordinated through programmatic cores. These allow for integration of each of the studies within the cohorts while providing support for pilot studies led by local junior investigators. Each project of the Ipabalele programme includes a built-in capacity building component, promoting the establishment of long-lasting infrastructure for future research activities.Ethics and disseminationInstitutional review board approvals were granted by the University of Pennsylvania, University of Botswana and Ministry of Health and wellness of Botswana. Results will be disseminated via the participating institutions and with the help of the Community Advisory Committee, the project’s Botswana advisory group.

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Cauthen, Bruce. "State building and democracy in southern Africa: Botswana, Zimbabwe and South Africa." International Affairs 72, no. 3 (July 1996): 631. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2625655.

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Mafela, Lily. "The quest for inclusive and transformative approaches to the history curriculum in Botswana." Historical Encounters: A journal of historical consciousness, historical cultures, and history education 8, no. 2 (May 6, 2021): 54–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.52289/hej8.203.

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History has the potential to unify and is often used to inculcate a sense of national identity to foster nation-building. However, this objective can prove difficult to achieve because of the tendency for nations to politicise historical narratives. In Botswana, assimilationist policies have historically privileged the ethnic Tswana historical memory whilst submerging identities and historical experiences of a number of Botswana ethnic minorities. Moreover, the pervasive authoritative national ‘epic’ narratives curtail development of an authentic and empowered historical consciousness, as the latter is premised upon interpretive and dialogic interactions. This paper argues for historical education that is based on negotiated, mutualist, and inclusive approaches. It foregrounds regional particularisation to enable the unearthing and integration of diverse historical narratives to foster civic identity and the necessary preconditions for a shared sense of national identity.

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Omotoye, Abiodun Marumo Tito. "An Overview of the Role of Non-State Actors in Preventing and Combatting Corruption in Botswana: Challenges and Opportunities." Public Administration Research 5, no. 2 (September 4, 2016): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/par.v5n2p6.

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<p>Botswana has been lauded, regionally and internationally, for its commitment towards building a capable, democratic and developmental state. However, the country’s national anti-corruption agency, the Directorate on Corruption and Economic Crime (DCEC) has reported an increase in the number and complexity of cases of corruption. The objective of this paper is to assess the role of the non-state actors (NSAs) in fighting corruption in Botswana. This assessment is made by way of providing a description and analysis of the underlying challenges and opportunities confronting NSAs, specifically the private (business) sector, the private media and nongovernmental organisations in preventing and addressing corruption in Botswana. NSAs play a pivotal role in the development of any country by providing goods and services, creating awareness and sensitizing communities on political and socio-economic issues affecting them. Whereas NSAs have a key role to play in fighting corruption by monitoring the use of public resources, educating the public, condemning perpetrators, and contributing towards the implementation of anti-corruption instruments, they are confronted by political, legislative and institutional challenges that hinder their effectiveness in this regard. </p>

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Manyeneng, Winnie G. "Formal and Informal Capacity Building in Support of the Safe Motherhood Initiative in Botswana." Promotion & Education 3, no. 3 (September 1996): 25–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/102538239600300313.

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Lange, Matthew. "Developmental Crises: A Comparative-Historical Analysis of State-Building in Colonial Botswana and Malaysia." Commonwealth & Comparative Politics 47, no. 1 (February 2009): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14662040802659066.

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Dare Kolawole, Oluwatoyin, Piotr Wolski, Barbara Ngwenya, Gagoitseope Mmopelwa, and Olekae Thakadu. "Responding to climate change through joint partnership." World Journal of Science, Technology and Sustainable Development 11, no. 3 (July 29, 2014): 170–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wjstsd-06-2014-0010.

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Purpose – Climate change continues to pose a serious challenge to mankind. Given their socio-economic and vulnerable situations, resource-poor farmers will be hard hit and likely to be the most affected group in Africa – a continent that will bear the full brunt of inclement weather conditions. The purpose of this paper is to address the questions of how local farmers read and predict the weather, and how best they can collaborate with weather scientists in adapting to climate change and variability in the Okavango Delta of Botswana. Design/methodology/approach – A multi-stage sampling procedure was employed in sampling a total of 592 households heads (both men and women) in eight rural communities in the Okavango Delta, Botswana. Findings – Analysis indicates that about 80 per cent of the farmers had a good knowledge of weather forecasting. In a knowledge validation workshop organised and implemented in early August 2012, farmers and scientists identified a nine-point agenda and strategies for addressing the challenges posed by climate change to community well-being and agricultural production. Knowledge sharing, installation of community weather stations and local-level capacity building are amongst the strategies identified. Research limitations/implications – The research is only limited to the Okavango Delta, Botswana. Originality/value – The paper emanates from original field research. The outcome of the paper provides pertinent information for policy formulation on how best to enhance small farmers’ adaptation to climate change.

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Solway, Jacqueline, and Lydia Nyati-Ramahobo. "Democracy in Process: Building a Coalition to Achieve Political, Cultural, and Linguistic Rights in Botswana." Canadian Journal of African Studies / Revue Canadienne des Études Africaines 38, no. 3 (2004): 603. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4107257.

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Solway, Jacqueline, and Lydia Nyati-Ramahobo. "Democracy in Process: Building a Coalition to Achieve Political, Cultural, and Linguistic Rights in Botswana." Canadian Journal of African Studies / Revue canadienne des études africaines 38, no. 3 (January 2004): 603–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00083968.2004.10751299.

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Armstrong, Chris, and Jeremy De Beer. "A Taxonomy to Understand Scaling of Innovation by African Enterprises." African Journal of Information and Communication, no. 27 (May 31, 2021): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.23962/10539/31370.

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Grounded in empirical research findings and key statements in the literature, this article proposes a four-part taxonomy for mapping African knowledge-based enterprises’ efforts to achieve scale. The taxonomy, adapted from the framework proposed by Uvin et al. (2000), is comprised of scaling by expanding coverage; by broadening activities; by changing behaviour; and by building sustainability. The article sets out the framework and provides examples of the four scaling dimensions from empirical research conducted in Egypt, Tunisia, Morocco, Ghana, Nigeria, Ethiopia, Uganda, Kenya, Botswana, and South Africa.

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Tsouli, Driss, and Bouchra Elabbadi. "Intellectual Capital of Africa: Comparison of the Five Most Competitive Countries." Business and Economic Research 8, no. 2 (March 17, 2018): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ber.v8i2.12835.

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This paper proposes a comparison of the national intellectual capital of African countries. Using the longitudinal data spanning the period from 2010 to 2014, based on 22 indicators. This study compares the national intellectual capital of the five most competitive African countries: 1 Mauritius, 2 South Africa, 3 Rwanda, 4 Botswana, and 5 Morocco. The results confirm the importance of intellectual capital in the competitiveness of countries. The research findings make clear the status of national intellectual capital of the five African countries, as a result of that to provide information for policymakers to establish public strategies for building sustainable national competitiveness.

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LaRocco, Annette Alfina. "Infrastructure, wildlife tourism, (il)legible populations: A comparative study of two districts in contemporary Botswana." Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space 3, no. 4 (September 24, 2019): 1074–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2514848619877083.

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This article interrogates how the provision (or absence) of state infrastructure such as roads, bridges, permanent buildings, water reticulation, electricity, and transport facilities in regions hosting the lucrative tourism industry is linked to state control and regulation of the use of space, as well as the daily lives of conservation-adjacent citizens. Using the dialectic of legibility and illegibility in the context of Botswana’s expansive wildlife tourism industry, it examines how ambiguous government expansions and retractions of infrastructure function as mechanisms of state-building in relation to the natural environment. In Botswana’s western region, the provision of infrastructure draws out previously sparsely populated and seasonally mobile people from “the bush” to live in state-sanctioned villages, pulling them into a relationship of “legibility” with the state. However, in the north, where the bulk of the tourism industry is based, the calculus is different. The allocation of infrastructure is delayed or denied in order to maintain the fiction of a people-free wilderness that appeals to foreign tourist consumers—pushing local people into “illegibility”. The myth of a people-less wilderness produces highly differentiated modes of state intervention in rural areas, shifting local peoples’ ability to interface with the state, the tourism industry, and other citizens. This article conceptualizes illegibility not as a form of resistance to, or avoidance of, state power but in the unique context produced by enclave wildlife tourism, an alternative manifestation of state power.

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Moyo, Nkosiyabo F. "Reducing the impact of climatological disasters in rural Botswana—Building disaster-resilient dwelling structures—A gendered perspective." Traumatology 26, no. 3 (September 2020): 325–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/trm0000280.

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Sharp, Helen, Nicole Lotz, Letsema Mbayi-Kwelagobe, Mark Woodroffe, Dino Rajah, and Ranganai Turugare. "Socio-cultural factors and capacity building in Interaction Design: Results of a video diary study in Botswana." International Journal of Human-Computer Studies 135 (March 2020): 102375. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhcs.2019.102375.

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Adimora, Nancy. "Leadership and Development in Postcolonial Africa: The cases of Botswana, Somalia and Somaliland." Leadership and Developing Societies 1, no. 1 (September 23, 2016): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.47697/lds.3434702.

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Scholars have routinely identified weak and ineffective institutions as the root cause of underdevelopment across Africa. Such findings, which place emphasis on ‘institutional systems’ and ‘state mechanisms’, too often neglect the critical leadership dimensions of development challenges. Whilst the scientific study of leadership is commonly associated with organisational behaviour, a venture beyond scholarly guidelines reveals how leadership finds relevance at all levels of social interaction. The study of postcolonial nation building is amongst the finest ways to assess the interconnectedness of leadership and development. At government infancy, where there are no systems or state institutions to speak of, a group of elite individuals occupy a space to which the process of leadership is enacted to its greatest potential. In order to interrogate this further, this article focuses primarily on Botswana and Somalia; two countries conveniently positioned on either end of Africa’s development spectrum.

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Kambeu, Edson. "Trading Volume as a Predictor of Market Movement." International Journal of Finance & Banking Studies (2147-4486) 8, no. 2 (July 20, 2019): 57–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.20525/ijfbs.v8i2.177.

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A logistic regression model is has also become a popular model because of its ability to predict, classify and draw relationships between a dichotomous dependent variable and dependent variables. On the other hand, the R programming language has become a popular language for building and implementing predictive analytics models. In this paper, we apply a logistic regression model in the R environment in order to examine whether daily trading volume at the Botswana Stock Exchange influence daily stock market movement. Specifically, we use a logistic regression model to find the relationship between daily stock movement and the trading volumes experienced in the recent five previous trading days. Our results show that only the trading volume for the third previous day influence current stock market index movement. Overall, trading volumes of the past five days were found not have an impact on today’s stock market movement. The results can be used as a basis for building a predictive model that utilizes trading as a predictor of stock market movement.

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Morchain, Daniel, Dian Spear, Gina Ziervogel, Hillary Masundire, Margaret N. Angula, Julia Davies, Chandapiwa Molefe, and Salma Hegga. "Building transformative capacity in southern Africa: Surfacing knowledge and challenging structures through participatory Vulnerability and Risk Assessments." Action Research 17, no. 1 (March 2019): 19–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1476750319829205.

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Although participatory approaches are becoming more widespread, to date vulnerability assessments have largely been conducted by technocrats and have paid little attention to underlying causes of vulnerability, such as inequality and biased governance systems. Participatory assessments that recognise the social roots of vulnerability, however, are critical in helping individuals and institutions rethink their understanding of and responses to climate change impacts. This paper interrogates the contribution of Oxfam’s Vulnerability and Risk Assessment methodology to enabling transformation at both personal and institutional levels. Three Vulnerability and Risk Assessment exercises were conducted in Malawi, Botswana and Namibia by one or more of the authors in 2015 and 2016. Reflecting on these workshops, we explore the contribution that a process like the Vulnerability and Risk Assessment may bring to transformation. We conclude that these types of inclusive and representative participatory approaches can shift narratives and power dynamics, allow marginal voices to be heard, build cross–scalar relationships and enable the co-creation of solutions. Such approaches can play a key role in moving towards transformational thinking and action, especially in relation to climate change adaptation.

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Cavrić, Branko, and Marco Keiner. "Upravljanje urbanim razvojem brzorastućega afričkog grada: primjer Gaboronea, Bocvana." Geoadria 11, no. 1 (January 11, 2017): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.15291/geoadria.106.

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Urban development in the last four decades has brought a complete change to the urban image of Gaborone. Its original savannah landscape and surrounding green complexion has changed by cumulative impacts of numerous factors involved in creation of a contemporary settlement, from a small village to the capital city of Botswana. The concept of a "garden city" was introduced immediately after the country gained its independence from the British in 1966. Building on the legacy of "garden city", it was assumed that the "new town" will continue to shape and gain recognition as an urban oasis. However, this was not the case and Gaborone became the fastest growing urban laboratory in Sub-Saharan Africa, portraying intensive diffusion and adoption of imported urban models (WARD, 1999). The spectacular population increase from only 7,000 people in 1966 to almost 200,000 in 2001, and urban sprawling were inevitable. This enlargement was fuelled by rural-urban migration owing to the administrative and economic status of Botswana's new capital, as well as, due to intensive urbanization, industrialization and transportation based on individual car use. Even in the latest city development plan (GoB, 2001) less attention has been paid to the role of green networks and areas, and their contribution to many ecological and societal values. Today, Gaborone is facing the challenge of the typical problems of mega-cities, such as environmental degradation, urban sprawl. The research project DIMSUD is dedicated to identify ways toward sustainable urban development, starting with an analysis of challenges, and continuing with the tasks for urban planning and opportunities for sustainable urban development.

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Bolaane, Maitseo, and Sidsel Saugestad. "The University of Botswana and the University of Tromsø Collaborative Program: Its Relevance to Minority Education and San Youth Capacity-Building." Diaspora, Indigenous, and Minority Education 5, no. 2 (April 13, 2011): 119–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15595692.2011.559785.

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KAMKHAJI, Jonathan C., Peter LADEGAARD, and Petter LUNDKVIST. "Risks when Reforming: Challenges and Sustainability of RIA Systems: Results of the First Systematic Study on RIA Reforms in Developing Countries." European Journal of Risk Regulation 10, no. 1 (March 2019): 187–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/err.2019.17.

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AbstractThis article reports on and discusses the findings of the first systematic study on Regulatory Impact Assessment (RIA) reforms in developing and transition economies. The macro part of the study reveals that between 2001 and 2016 60 such reforms were launched in total, with 20 of them leading to functional RIA systems two years or more after they were initiated. Appropriate and complete reform design, analysed by measuring compliance with six internationally recognised “good practices”, is found to be a necessary but not sufficient condition for early success. To develop a better understanding of challenging factors for RIA reforms’ success the micro part of the investigation analyses four case studies (Botswana, Cambodia, Kenya and Uganda). Findings point to the importance of donor flexibility and patience and the need for building reform constituencies inside and outside government. The traditional orthodoxy of regulatory impact assessment reforms as an extension of red tape reduction is challenged. The article finally presents several possible policy implications of the findings.

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Cockcroft, Anne, Mokgweetsi Masisi, Lehana Thabane, and Neil Andersson. "Building capacities of elected national representatives to interpret and to use evidence for health-related policy decisions: A case study from Botswana." Journal of Public Health Policy 35, no. 4 (July 10, 2014): 475–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/jphp.2014.30.

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Ikgopoleng, Horatio, and Branko Cavric. "An evaluation of the integrated poverty alleviation and housing scheme in Botswana, case of Ramotswa village." Spatium, no. 26 (2011): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/spat1126026i.

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This article evaluates the effectiveness of the Integrated Poverty Alleviation and Housing Scheme (IPAHS) in Ramotswa; an urban village located 32 km south-east of the capital city of Botswana, Gaborone. This study emanates from the fact that low income urban and rural residents with no formal employment were left out of the Self Help Housing Scheme (SHHA). The SHHA was mandated to facilitate the acquisition of subsidised land and loan to purchase building materials. One of the major conditions to qualify for SHHA is that applicants should have formal employment.; the IPAHS was specifically introduced to facilitate economic empowerment to poor households who do not qualify under the SHHA scheme. The IPAHS scheme is a twothronged approach mandated to equip the residents with skills to build/improve houses for themselves and create employment for themselves through molding of bricks for sale in an effort to alleviate poverty. This paper is based on documentary and field research. The field research has a participatory component involving discussion and open ended interviews with relevant government departments. It also involves the administration of structured questionnaire survey to 30 beneficiaries of the scheme. Results show that despite high uptake of the scheme within the country, there are several challenges such as insufficient income to build or improve their houses, signs of poverty in living environments of beneficiaries, uncoordinated roles of various institutions which are major stakeholders in the implementation of the scheme. The scheme requires pragmatic policies geared to meet the needs and aspirations of the poor. There is a need for policy interventions through Government commitment to principles such as the right to housing by every citizen, coordination of roles played by different stakeholders to support the sustainability of the scheme.

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Moatlhodi, Trevor Monare, and Trywell Kalusopa. "AN ASSESSMENT OF E-RECORDS READINESS AT THE MINISTRY OF LABOUR AND HOME AFFAIRS, GABORONE, BOTSWANA." Mousaion: South African Journal of Information Studies 34, no. 3 (February 17, 2017): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/0027-2639/991.

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This study sought to assess electronic records (e-records) readiness at the Ministry of Labour and Home Affairs (MLHA), Gaborone, Botswana, within the purview of the implementation of an e-records management solution â€“ the National Archives and Records Management System (NARMS). The assessment was done using tenets derived from the existing International Records Management Trust (IRMT) E-records Readiness Tool. The assessment examined the national legal and policy framework, compliance with policies, standards, tools, procedures and responsibilities for records management, e-records management products and technologies, resource capacity and training for records management staff, internal awareness of records management programme and the level of management ownership on e-records management. The study largely adopted a qualitative approach, but used methodological triangulation of both qualitative and quantitative data collection methods, with a case study research design. Data was collected through semi-structured questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, and observations. Respondents comprised of records management staff, action officers (records users) and Information Technology (IT) Manager. The study findings revealed that the level of e-records readiness at the MLHA included: inadequate legal and regulatory framework; average adherence to records management procedures, tools and standards; low awareness among staff of the records management programme and, the national regulatory framework and on the NARMS pilot project; limited space for records management; slow progress in the implementation of NARMS and low capacity building as records management staff is rarely taken for training. The study also revealed that opportunities for increasing the depth of e-records readiness exist, such as: availability of financial resources for the NARMS pilot project; adequate Information Communication Technologies (ICT) infrastructure and high management commitment on the E-Records Management (NARMS pilot project). The study recommends: improvement of the national legal and policy framework by development of an e-records policy; development of a records management policy to provide an internal records management framework; regular training for records management staff, especially on e-records; regular internal records management awareness; and assigning senior management high-level responsibility for organisation-wide records and information management.

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Peluso, Michael J., Neo Tapela, John Langeveldt, Margaret E. Williams, Kagiso Mochankana, Kebonye Motseosi, Brian Ricci, et al. "Building Health System Capacity through Medical Education: A Targeted Needs Assessment to Guide Development of a Structured Internal Medicine Curriculum for Medical Interns in Botswana." Annals of Global Health 84, no. 1 (April 30, 2018): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.29024/aogh.22.

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Mosha, A. C., and Branko Cavric. "Sustainable urban development of metropolitan Johannesburg: The lessons learned from international practice." Spatium, no. 11 (2004): 21–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/spat0411021m.

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This paper consists of an overview of programmes supporting sustainable planning and management in the City of Johannesburg one of the most important social and economic hubs of the transitional Republic of South Africa. Following from this is an analysis of the experience identified as most appropriate for Johannesburg City and its metropolitan region (Gauteng). This case study is used to highlight efforts and lessons learned from the international project "Designing, Implementing and Measuring Sustainable Urban Development" (DIMSUD) which have intended to contribute to new solutions for sustainable urban development through a collaborative multi-disciplinary, and participatory approach combining research, urban design, and capacity building. DIMSUD (http://sustainability.ethz.ch) is carried out jointly by the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Chalmers University of Technology (Sweden), University of Botswana, University of the Witwatersrand (South Africa) and the Catholic University of Santiago de Chile. Another partner was the United Nations University (UNU) at Tokyo. The project has enabled a global overview of core problems, providing a synthesis of realizable strategies and offering both a scientific forum and an "urban field laboratory" for joint learning. The strategies developed will not only help improve the conditions in the case study cities (Gaborone Johannesburg, Santiago de Chile), but will also provide working examples so that other cities can learn from and adapt and adopt appropriate "best practices".

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Kaspar, F., J. Helmschrot, A. Mhanda, M. Butale, W. de Clercq, J. K. Kanyanga, F. O. S. Neto, et al. "The SASSCAL contribution to climate observation, climate data management and data rescue in Southern Africa." Advances in Science and Research 12, no. 1 (July 24, 2015): 171–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/asr-12-171-2015.

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Abstract. A major task of the newly established "Southern African Science Service Centre for Climate Change and Adaptive Land Management" (SASSCAL; www.sasscal.org) and its partners is to provide science-based environmental information and knowledge which includes the provision of consistent and reliable climate data for Southern Africa. Hence, SASSCAL, in close cooperation with the national weather authorities of Angola, Botswana, Germany and Zambia as well as partner institutions in Namibia and South Africa, supports the extension of the regional meteorological observation network and the improvement of the climate archives at national level. With the ongoing rehabilitation of existing weather stations and the new installation of fully automated weather stations (AWS), altogether 105 AWS currently provide a set of climate variables at 15, 30 and 60 min intervals respectively. These records are made available through the SASSCAL WeatherNet, an online platform providing near-real time data as well as various statistics and graphics, all in open access. This effort is complemented by the harmonization and improvement of climate data management concepts at the national weather authorities, capacity building activities and an extension of the data bases with historical climate data which are still available from different sources. These activities are performed through cooperation between regional and German institutions and will provide important information for climate service related activities.

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Rowlands, Amanda, Emmanuel Ameyaw, Florent Rutagarama, Joel Dipesalema, Edna Siima Majaliwa, Joyce Mbogo, Graham D. Ogle, and Jean-Pierre Chanoine. "Insights from the WHO and National Lists of Essential Medicines: Focus on Pediatric Diabetes Care in Africa." Hormone Research in Paediatrics 90, no. 2 (2018): 82–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000490467.

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Background: Access to essential medicines in pediatric endocrinology and diabetes is limited in resource-limited countries. The World Health Organization (WHO) maintains two non-binding lists of essential medicines (EMLs) which are often used as a template for developing national EMLs. Methods: We compared a previously published master list of medicines for pediatric endocrinology and diabetes with the WHO EMLs and national EMLs for countries within the WHO African region. To better understand actual access to medicines by patients, we focused on diabetes and surveyed pediatric endocrinologists from 5 countries and assessed availability and true cost for insulin and glucagon. Results: Most medicines that are essential in pediatric endocrinology and diabetes were included in the national EMLs. However, essential medicines, such as fludrocortisone, were present in less than 30% of the national EMLs despite being recommended by the WHO. Pediatric endocrinologists from the 5 focus countries reported significant variation in terms of availability and public access to insulin, as well as differences between urban and rural areas. Except for Botswana, glucagon was rarely available. There was no significant relationship between Gross National Income and the number of medicines included in the national EMLs. Conclusions: Governments in resource-limited countries could take further steps to improve EMLs and access to medicines such as improved collaboration between health authorities, the pharmaceutical industry, patient groups, health professionals, and capacity-building programs such as Paediatric Endocrinology Training Centres for Africa.

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Hockenberry, Marilyn, Tadala Mulemba, Aisha Nedege, Kitsiso Madumetse, and Jennifer Higgins. "Distance-Based Education for Nurses Caring for Children With Cancer in Sub-Saharan Africa." Journal of Pediatric Oncology Nursing 37, no. 5 (July 13, 2020): 321–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1043454220938355.

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Nursing specialization in the care of children with cancer provides the foundation for implementing successful childhood cancer and blood disorder treatment programs throughout the world. Excellence in nursing education is at the center of all that is needed to maximize cures for children with cancer in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). While the burden of childhood cancer care is the highest in LMIC, opportunities for continuing nursing education and specialization are extremely limited. Capacity-building programs using distance-based learning opportunities have been successful in sub-Saharan Africa and provide insight into successful, continuing professional development. The Global Hematology-Oncology Pediatric Excellence (HOPE) program part of Texas Children’s Hospital in Houston, Texas, has developed and implemented a distance-based training program designed for nurses working in sub-Saharan Africa. Following a needs assessment, Global HOPE developed a program using both the Moodle (modular object-oriented dynamic learning environment) distance-based learning platform and computer notebooks that hold the course content. The program teaches basic principles of nursing care for a child with cancer and has been implemented in Malawi, Uganda, and Botswana. Courses are taught using a modular approach and core competencies are established for each module. Frequent teaching sessions using Zoom and WhatsApp reinforce independent learning experiences. Formal course evaluation includes written pre- and posttests, self-competency assessments, and simulated checkoffs on essential pediatric oncology nursing competencies. The success of this distance-based learning program emphasizes the importance of formal training for nurses in LMIC to become full-time specialists in pediatric oncology nursing.

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Scarritt, James R. "State Building and Democracy in Southern Africa: Botswana, Zimbabwe, and South Africa. By Pierre du Toit. Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace Press, 1995. 355p. $37.50 cloth, $17.95 paper." American Political Science Review 90, no. 4 (December 1996): 936. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2945903.

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LODGE, TOM. "State Building and Democracy in Southern Africa: Botswana, Zimbabwe, and South Africa by Pierre du Toit. Washington, DC, United States Institute of Peace Press, 1995. Pp. xiii+355. $37.50. $19.95 paperback." Journal of Modern African Studies 35, no. 2 (June 1997): 335–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x97262440.

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Eames, Tom, Jeremy Russell-Smith, Cameron Yates, Andrew Edwards, Roland Vernooij, Natasha Ribeiro, Franziska Steinbruch, and Guido R. van der Werf. "Instantaneous Pre-Fire Biomass and Fuel Load Measurements from Multi-Spectral UAS Mapping in Southern African Savannas." Fire 4, no. 1 (January 14, 2021): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fire4010002.

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Landscape fires are substantial sources of (greenhouse) gases and aerosols. Fires in savanna landscapes represent more than half of global fire carbon emissions. Quantifying emissions from fires relies on accurate burned area, fuel load and burning efficiency data. Of these, fuel load remains the source of the largest uncertainty. In this study, we used high spatial resolution images from an Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) mounted multispectral camera, in combination with meteorological data from the ERA-5 land dataset, to model instantaneous pre-fire above-ground biomass. We constrained our model with ground measurements taken in two locations in savanna-dominated regions in Southern Africa, one low-rainfall region (660 mm year−1) in the North-West District (Ngamiland), Botswana, and one high-rainfall region (940 mm year−1) in Niassa Province (northern Mozambique). We found that for fine surface fuel classes (live grass and dead plant litter), the model was able to reproduce measured Above-Ground Biomass (AGB) (R2 of 0.91 and 0.77 for live grass and total fine fuel, respectively) across both low and high rainfall areas. The model was less successful in representing other classes, e.g., woody debris, but in the regions considered, these are less relevant to biomass burning and make smaller contributions to total AGB.

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Jeníček, V., and V. Krepl. "Development assistance ." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 52, No. 5 (February 17, 2012): 209–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5018-agricecon.

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Development assistance achieved remarkable success in different periods. For example, Botswana and South Korea reached the great development in the 60s after very bad situation, Indonesia in the 70s, Bolivia and Ghana at the end of the 80s, Uganda and Vietnam in the 90s. In these countries development assistance played important role in economic transformation in formulation of the development of politics. The development assistance contributed educational programs and financially supported the development of public sector. The “Green Revolution” – by means of innovations in agriculture, investments and political changes – improved the live conditions of millions people thanks to the collaboration of many bilateral and multilateral donors. But there are some failures with the foreign aide. While the formed dictator of Zaire Mobutu Sese Seko became one of the richest people in the world (and invested his property in abroad), the development assistance did not stop for many years, Zaire (now the Democratic Republic of Congo) is only one example of the situation, where the permanent flows of assistance ignore or support the corruption and in suitable politics of governments. Tanzania received two milliards dollars for building the roads destiny the twenty years. But the roads were destroyed sooner, than the works could be finished because of insufficient maintenance.  The study of World Bank brings the conclusions of the new conception of the development assistance: financial assistance works only in suitable political world; the lowering of poverty is possible only with working institutions – political and economic; effective assistance complete the private investments; receiving country is obliged to have public sector in function; the function of public sector is developing on the activity of civil society; patience and good ideas, not only money, can help to reforms in very unfavorable conditions. 

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Frimpong, Kwame. "A Review of Rent Control Legislation in Botswana." Journal of African Law 33, no. 1 (1989): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002185530000797x.

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The subject “Rent Control” is very wide as it covers many areas. It may deal with the control of rents in respect of agricultural land, industrial property or it may be limited either to dwelling houses or commercial buildings. For the purposes of this paper, “rent control” focuses on the dwelling or residential houses and commercial buildings in the country. The obvious reason is that the current rent control legislation is limited to those properties because of the apparent high level of the rents they attract.The use of legislation to control rents of premises is a product of the twentieth century. In England, for instance, the first attempt to control rents was in 1915, during the First World War. It is interesting to note that the first legislation on rent control in England coincided with the outbreak of the First World War. Rent controls in Nigeria and Ghana were also influenced by the First and Second World Wars respectively. The reason for the introduction of rent control legislation to coincide with world wars is not hard to find. Wars generally create shortages of a number of essential goods because many resources are diverted to the production of armaments and the labour force is channelled to the battle front. Housing is one of the needs of mankind which usually becomes scarce as a result of the outbreak of a major war like the last two World Wars.

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Luyirika, E., and F. Kiyange. "A Regional Palliative Care Entity Working With a Host Government to Facilitate Exchange Visits From Across Africa to Improve Access to Controlled Medicines for Cancer Patients." Journal of Global Oncology 4, Supplement 2 (October 1, 2018): 164s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.18.17300.

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Background and context: The African Palliative Care Association (APCA) is a pan-African palliative care organization hosted in Uganda but supporting initiatives to integrate palliative care into national health systems across Africa. Uganda hosts one of the oldest cancer units in Africa and also reconstitutes its own oral liquid morphine to reduce barriers and cost of access to pain control for patients. Aim: The aim of this effort is to expose government officials and other NGOs from other African countries to best practices in oral morphine manufacture, distribution and access to controlled medicines for pain control in cancer and other conditions with a view to benchmark and establish similar or better systems. Strategy/Tactics: APCA working with its funders in consultation with the Ugandan Ministry of Health and Hospice Africa Uganda, facilitates other African ministries of health delegations to conduct study visits in Uganda to benchmark the oral morphine reconstitution, the supply chain mechanisms for its distribution to patients in both public and private hospitals and at home. Program/Policy process: APCA identifies countries with morphine access challenges and makes arrangements for key personnel in those countries in ministries of health, medicines control authority, central medicines stores and national palliative care associations where they exist to spend a study period in Uganda. While in Uganda, the delegations visit the oral morphine manufacturing facility, Hospice Africa Uganda, the Ministry of Health, national medical stores, National Drug Authority, joint medical stores and some of the palliative care providers and training facilities. Once the period with the various stakeholders in the country is completed, the visiting teams draw up plans for implementation and identify required technical assistance from APCA. The costing and sources of funding are identified including contribution from the government in need and then activities are implemented. Outcomes: As a result of this South-to-South approach, Uganda has hosted delegations from 14 African countries. At one instance, it involved the Minister Of Health from Swaziland heading a delegation to Uganda while others sent other high level delegates to the peer learning and bench marking. All these countries have taken steps to establish access to oral liquid morphine as well as policy and capacity building activities for their staff. Some of the countries like Malawi and Swaziland are already having morphine reconstitution and national palliative care policies while others such as Rwanda and Botswana are in the process of changing to the same system. Cancer and palliative care related activities are also being implemented in some of countries. Some countries have graduated to host others like Uganda does. What was learned: The South-to-South learning and bench marking visits are very practical in Africa and have triggered palliative care initiatives at national level.

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Chirwa, Wiseman Chijere. "The Malawi Government and South African Labour Recruiters, 1974–92." Journal of Modern African Studies 34, no. 4 (December 1996): 623–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x00055804.

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In April 1974, 74 Malawian migrant labourers returning from work in South Africa died in a plane crash in Francistown, Botswana. Immediately, Dr Hastings Kamuzu Banda, the then [Life] President of Malawi, banned all labour recruiting activities in his country. Miners on holiday were not allowed to go back to their jobs, and those under contract with the Witwatersrand Native Labour Association (WNLA), known as Wenela, were to be repatriated — a decision that cost the South African mining industry some R7 million during the next two years. Thereafter, Dr Banda frequently boasted that ‘I have killed Wenela’, as for example on two public occasions in 1983: I have killed two recruiting agencies, the Witwatersrand Native Labour Association, Wenela, in short, and the Rhodesian Native Labour Bureau, or Mthandii… They no longer recruit in Malawi. They have surrendered all their buildings to the government…, because the majority of the people have responded to my appeal to stay here and work in their gardens or on the estates.

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Modise, Oitshepile MmaB. "Building the Profession of Adult Education: The Case of the University of Botswana’s Department of Adult Education." Creative Education 06, no. 23 (2015): 2481–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ce.2015.623255.

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Rautenbach, Christa. "Editorial." Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal/Potchefstroomse Elektroniese Regsblad 17, no. 4 (April 24, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2014/v17i4a2298.

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This edition consists of 15 contributions – 12 articles and three case notes. In the first article, Janke Strydom and Sue-Mari Viljoen discuss the phenomenon where inner-city buildings in South Africa are unlawfully occupied, which has led to a number of legal disputes between occupiers and individual landowners. They propose measures analogous to those in England and the Netherlands to be added to the existing statutory powers of the local authorities to assist in resolving the disputes. Second, Tapiwa Warikandwa and Patrick Osode deal with the challenges the WTOs is faced with in balancing the rights of a sovereign power to freely regulate matters pertaining to health or the environment within its domestic domain with the need to maintain the sanctity of the multilateral trade order. Third, Andra le Roux-Kemp and Elsie Burger give a comparative perspective on some of the issues associated with litigating cases where the Shaken Baby Syndrome is the subject matter. Their focus is on the case law in the United States and United Kingdom. Fourth, Fatima Osman deals with the thorny issue of headscarves in South Africa, France, Turkey and Switzerland. She focuses on the reasons for the ban against their wearing and asks if the ban can be justified in the light of the human rights guaranteed to those individuals wanting to wear them. Fifth, Geo Quinot and SP (Fanus) van Tonder argue in favour of capstone courses to address some of the challenges facing legal education in general and the inadequacies of the LLB curriculum. Rolien Roos, in the sixth article, sets out to determine whether law can be regarded as a science which could be studied. She refers to the scholarly works of philosophers such as Dooyeweerd, Stafleu and Strauss and comes to the conclusion that the answer is all but straight forward. In the seventh article, Caiphas Soyapi considers the highly controversial provisions of the Traditional Courts Bill in a comparative context and recommends that the framers of the Bill should consider the situation in other jurisdictions in order to deal with some of the issues with the Bill. In the eight spot, Gerrit Ferreira and Anél Ferreira-Snyman examine the dichotomy that is created between the monist and dualist approach followed by the incorporation of international law into municipal law in the light of decisions of the South African Constitutional Court and the European Court of Justice. In the ninth article, Magda Slabbert and Darren Boome investigate the prospects of a convicted criminal who wants to become a lawyer, and in the tenth article Raheel Ahmed considers the role of “contributory intent” as a defence limiting delictual liability. In the second-last article Kananelo Mosito sets out to provide the reader with an understanding of the legal situation in Lesotho pertaining to social security and protection. Last but not least, Tamara Cohen and Lehlohonolo Matee give a comparative overview of the public servants’ right to strike in Lesotho, Botswana and South Africa.The first case note is by Tracy-Lynn Humby, who deals with the question of whether or not municipalities have the power to legislate on environmental issues such as biodiversity and conservation, as examined in the case of Le Sueur v Ethekwini Municipality in the KwaZulu-Natal High Court. The second note, by Johan Beukes and Christiaan Swart, discusses the case of Peel v Hamon J&C Engineering (Pty) Ltd, which deals with the remedy provided for in section 163 of the Companies Act (the oppression remedy). The last note is by Helen Kruuse and Julia Sloth-Nielsen, and debates the implications of Mayelane v Ngwenyama

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Barchi, Francis H., Megan Kasimatis-Singleton, Mary Kasule, Pilate Khulumani, and Jon F. Merz. "Building research capacity in Botswana: a randomized trial comparing training methodologies in the Botswana ethics training initiative." BMC Medical Education 13, no. 1 (February 1, 2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1472-6920-13-14.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Building – Botswana'

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