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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Building Cost'
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Phaobunjong, Kan. "Parametric cost estimating model for conceptual cost estimating of building construction projects." Thesis, Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3086790.
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Alabi, Bimpe Omolara. "Effect of building materials cost on housing delivery towards sustainability." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2635.
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Thesis (MTech (Construction Management))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017.The study investigates the predominant factors responsible for increase in the cost of building materials and the effect of this cost increase on housing delivery in Western Cape, South Africa. Sustainable housing is buildings produced to meet the present housing needs of people without conceding the ability of the future generation to meet their future needs. However, a significant increase in the cost of building materials has been a major constraint to the delivery of sustainable housings, as made evident in the literature, leading to project cost and time overruns or even project abandonment. However, building materials consume up to 65% of the total cost of construction. This factor on cost has, over the years, threatened the ability of the construction industry to deliver projects within budgeted cost, at stipulated time, and at satisfactory quality. This prompted the need to proffer solutions to these factors identified which are causing increases in the cost of building materials towards sustainable housing delivery in Western Cape. Based on this research study, housing is termed to be sustainable when it is available and affordable for the masses timely and at quality expected. The research study adopted a mixed methodological approach, involving the use of semi-structured qualitative interviews and closed-ended quantitative questionnaires administered to construction stakeholders (architects, quantity surveyors, engineers, construction managers, project managers, site supervisors and material suppliers) in the Western Cape Province of South Africa. SPSS version 24 software was used for analysing the quantitative data collected and ‘content analysis’ method was used to analyse the information collected through the qualitative interviews. The findings revealed that the major factors responsible for increasing the cost of building materials are inflation, wastages of building materials by labourers, cost of transportation and distribution of labour, design changes, client contribution to design change and change in government policies and regulation. Moreover, the research showed that fluctuation in the cost of construction and high maintenance costs due to poor workmanship also impact the cost increase of building materials for housing delivery. In addition, research findings affirmed that for optimum materials usage for the enhancement of sustainable construction, the following criteria should be considered in the selection of building materials: maintenance cost, energy consumption and maintainability. The adoption of these findings by construction stakeholders in the South African construction industry would enhance the delivery of affordable housing at reduced cost, at the required time and at the expected quality. Therefore, an adequate implementation of the framework presented in this study will enhance sustainable housing delivery.
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Silva, Vera. "Cost-effective Building Constructions – Carbon Fibres Reinforcement." Thesis, KTH, Byggnadsteknik, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-35085.
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Wu, Kin-kwong. "A study of the cost management process and estimation techniques for estimating building services installations in the building construction industry /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25949597.
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Choi, Ming-hang Edmund. "Evaluation of the cost estimating systems /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25949780.
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Doğan, Sevgi Zeynep Günaydın H. Murat. "Using machine learning techniques for early cost prediction of structural systems of buildings/." [s.l.]: [s.n.], 2005. http://library.iyte.edu.tr/tezlerengelli/doktora/mimarlik/T000357.pdf.
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Thesis (Doctoral)--İzmir Institute of Technology, İzmir, 2005.Keywords:Artificial neural networks, artificial intelligence, cost estimation, predictive models, construction management. Includes bibliographical references (leaves.111).
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Kibar, Mustafa Alptekin. "Building Cost Index Forecasting With Time Series Analysis." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12608686/index.pdf.
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Building cost indices are widely used in construction industry to measure the rate of change of building costs as a combination of labor and material costs. Cost index forecast is crucial for the two main parties of construction industry, contactor, and the client. Forecast information is used to increase the accuracy of estimate for the project cost to evaluate the bid price.
The aim of this study is to develop time series models to forecast building cost indices in Turkey and United States. The models developed are compared with regression analysis and simple averaging models in terms of predictive accuracy. As a result of this study, time series models are selected as the most accurate models in predicting cost indices for both Turkey and United States. Future values of building cost indices can be predicted in adequate precision using time series models. This useful information can be used in tender process in estimation of project costs, which is one of the critical factors affecting the overall success of a construction project. Better cost estimates shall enable contractors to produce cash flow forecasts more acurately. Furthermore accurate prediction of future prices is very useful for owners in budget allocationsmoreover can help investors to evaluate project alternatives adequately.
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Tang, Wai-kuen Raymond. "Cost management for building contractors in Hong Kong." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31601212.
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鄧惠權 and Wai-kuen Raymond Tang. "Cost management for building contractors in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31601212.
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Aldwaik, Mais M. "Cost Optimization of Reinforced Concrete Highrise Building Structures." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1574738135695095.
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Wehrli, Sara E. "The cost effective redesign of an apartment building using LEED standards." Muncie, IN : Ball State University, 2009. http://cardinalscholar.bsu.edu/690.
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Simmons, Brian Spencer. "Lowest cost building technology selection for energy efficient design." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/45941.
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The thesis project explores the use of an optimization methodology for selecting the lowest monetary cost combinations of technologies to meet a set operational energy efficiency targets for buildings. The optimization approach, which is operated on a normative energy model, is compared with existing prescriptive methodologies for selecting technology combinations and a metric is developed for ranking their effectiveness; the E/C Ratio. The energy savings/ cost ratio is also the objective function that the optimization algorithm is set to maximize. The optimization routine is coded in to a custom MATLAB script and is used in two case studies to optimize a proto-typical Korean apartment and office building. The optimization methodology finds technology combinations that are much more cost effective than the prescriptive methodology at meeting an energy savings target and can generically be applied to other buildings given a palette of technology alternatives and the corresponding cost data.
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Jrade, Ahmad. "A conceptual cost estimating computer system for building projects." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0018/MQ47815.pdf.
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Al-Marwaee, Mohammed Aish. "Tubular daylight guidance systems cost, value and building codes." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.433020.
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Zhang, Dalu. "Project Time and Cost Control Using Building Information Modeling." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/26538.
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Although the construction industry has been evolving for centuries and researchers have been seeking innovative solutions for decades, diverse challenges still exist in making the construction process faster, safer, cheaper and more accurate. It is believed that Building Information Modeling (BIM) can lead to greater efficiency through the incremental collaboration. The data in BIM system is extremely useful and can be generated to optimize the project delivery processes. However, since BIM increases the project design cost and requires a big learning curve, project participants are concerned about the cost of project, which has hindered the adoption of BIM for the project delivery. This paper, using a case study, describes how BIM functions to help cut down costs, optimize schedule, and benefit the project participants. The analysis of project cost and time control focuses on life cycle. The recommendations for the future use of BIM are made generally.
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Hardcastle, Clifford. "An information model of the construction cost estimating process." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/1386.
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It is argued that a fundamental criterion which has received little consideration in the investigation of cost prediction is the impact of information upon accuracy. An information model is developed by drawing on the work of communication engineers, information scientists and psychologists. It is then demonstrated that information cannot be divorced from the knowledge of the receiver and as such it then becomes necessary to determine how knowledge is accumulated and how this then impacts upon the need and demand for information, the choice of relevant information, as well as how that information is utilised. The concept of relevance is considered from a logical and psychological perspective. On completion of this analysis the information model which links cost estimating with entropy, information and knowledge is completed. It is argued that the developed model is comprehensive and facilitates the progression of research in this field. The model is then used as a basis for the investigation of the relationship between information and expertise in estimating, choice of information for estimating, impact of information on estimating, perceptions of information quality and the perceptions of the importance of information facets and attributes to the estimating process.
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Weeks, Jason A. "Understanding the issues of project cost and time in sustainable construction from a general contractor's perspective: case study." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/33914.
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The green building market has seen tremendous growth in the past decade. Organizations such as the US Green Building Council have emerged to become a dominant leader in the building industry. Although the green building rating systems are cross-disciplinary, much of the focus has been directed towards design-related input.
General Contractors play an important role in delivering successful sustainable construction projects. If an integrated project delivery method is chosen, the General Contractor may offer insightful preconstruction assistance by providing ideas on green construction methods and materials. As sustainable building practices become more prominent in the construction industry, General Contractors must remain knowledgeable on current green building standards in order to stay competitive.
Two of the most important aspects of business for a General Contractor involve time and money. Through qualitative literature review and quantitative results from a case study, this research analyzes time and cost in sustainable construction projects from a General Contractor's perspective. The research also examines whether the management of a sustainable construction project is substantially different than a non-sustainable construction project for a General Contractor. Finally, because the green building process involves multiple parties, the collaboration effort from all parties involved in a green building project will be studied.
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Suttle, Natasha M. "National Green Building Standard multi-family housing : a cost comparison /." Muncie, Ind. : Ball State University, 2009. http://cardinalscholar.bsu.edu/715.
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Eyers, Kevin. "Belief network analysis of direct cost risk in building construction." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ58766.pdf.
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Jouni, Mohammad S. M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Reference architecture and cost estimation model for building intelligent platforms." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/114083.
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Thesis: S.M. in Engineering and Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, System Design and Management Program, 2017.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 101-104).
With the recent resurgence of Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence as a competitive advantage in product development, technical executives and managers are interested in learning what it would take to build intelligent platforms that can leverage these advances. In addition, they wish to produce cost estimates for developing such platforms. The goal of this thesis is to develop a reference architecture for an intelligent platform and an associated costing model that allows technical managers to understand the components needed to deliver such a platform and estimate the cost of each module, estimate the cost of the overall architecture, and enable what-if analysis to understand the cost tradeoffs. The intent is not to provide the values of the variables in the model, but to develop a cost model that will enable interested parties to plug in their estimated values for each factor and generate a forecast of the build cost.
by Mohammad Jouni.
S.M. in Engineering and Management
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Pourghazian, Hanif. "Industrial Construction Methods for Cost-Effective and Sustainable Multi-Storey Buildings." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Royal Institute of Technology, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-9212.
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Li, Jinmin. "Integrating Building Information Modelling (BIM), Cost Estimating and Scheduling for Buildings Construction at the Conceptual Design Stage." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35292.
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Estimating the construction time and cost of a building project is an essential task of construction manager, which benefits owners, engineers and contractors. Construction duration and cost, in particular, have profound influence on the outcome of a project at the conceptual stage of its life. The conventional methods used to estimate the time and costs of construction projects are based on 2D models, which need much time and effort from engineers, estimators and schedulers who are involved in preparing them because all of this process is done manually, especially when the project has several design alternatives. Considering that, Building Information Modelling (BIM), which is a technology that enhances data transfer and ensures cooperation among designers, engineers, and contractors, can provide an efficient way for cost estimating and schedule planning. On the other hand, sustainability has drawn more and more attention by the construction industry, this is because a project’s construction process has crucial impacts on society, the environment, and the economy. Modular Construction has been proven to ensure sustainable construction by reducing the negative impacts on the environment, reducing construction time, and improving manpower productivity. This research aims at developing an integrated model that interrelates BIM with construction cost estimation, scheduling, and sustainability at the conceptual design stage of projects. The aim is to reduce the preparation time and increase the efficiency of making major decisions for both conventional construction and modular construction.
The proposed model consists of five modules, including a data collection module, a cost estimation module, a scheduling module, a sustainability evaluation module, and a 5D integrated module. Plug-ins were developed in the model to link BIM tool (i.e., Autodesk Revit) with Microsoft Excel to ensure automatic data transfer among these modules all within a BIM platform so that owners and designers can quickly generate a reliable construction cost estimate, construction schedule, preliminary sustainability evaluation, as well as construction process simulation.
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Shi, Xin, and 施歆. "A fuzzy reasoning cost estimation model of sustainable building refurbishment solutions for residential buildings in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/208599.
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The global climate has been affected adversely due to the emissions of large amount of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and there is an urgent need for emissions reduction. Carbon dioxide is a major greenhouse gas and the reduction of its emissions is indispensable to the achievement of sustainable development. The building sector is a major source of carbon dioxide emissions and one way to reduce the emissions is uplifting the energy efficiency of existing buildings by conducting sustainable building refurbishment. As cost would affect the decisions on sustainable building refurbishment strategies, it is necessary to examine the cost of various sustainable refurbishment solutions for existing buildings. Unfortunately, most of the previous studies focused on the technical side with little effort being directed to cost side. Therefore, cost analysis of sustainable building refurbishment solutions should be conducted to fill the research gap.
The aim of the research is to develop a cost estimation model to facilitate decision makers to evaluate the cost of sustainable building refurbishment solutions for residential buildings in Hong Kong by considering various factors affecting the cost. The major research methods include literature review, interview and questionnaire survey. Through literature review, the current practice of sustainable building refurbishment is investigated. A variety of refurbishment solutions including improvement on building envelope, renovation of building services system and the use of renewable energy are reviewed. Cost evaluation techniques commonly used in the construction industry including qualitative techniques, quantitative techniques and intelligent methods are also identified and discussed. Due to the limitations of cost data and previous experience, it is suggested that fuzzy logic theory be adopted to develop the cost estimation model.
To facilitate the development of the model, the factors affecting the cost of sustainable building refurbishment solutions are examined through literature review and interview. It is found that market price, complexity, efficiency, economy of scale and disturbance are the dominant factors affecting the fluctuation of cost. Finally, a fuzzy reasoning cost estimation model of sustainable building refurbishment solutions is developed. The model is built based on fuzzy reasoning system. Users can input the information of the project and the model is able to evaluate the cost fluctuation based on the information provided by the users. The model is then validated.
The cost estimation model developed in this research provides a new way for the construction industry practitioners to estimate the cost of sustainable building refurbishment projects effectively and efficiently.published_or_final_version
Civil Engineering
Master
Master of Philosophy
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Choi, Ming-hang Edmund, and 蔡銘鏗. "Evaluation of the cost estimating systems." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31251651.
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Marston, V. K. "Interdependence of the functional element costs of buildings." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.380580.
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Burnside, Angelica, Jennifer Lee, and Olof Palmquist. "Held & Francke : Cost calculation for building project and the role of cost calculation in achieving competitive advantage." Thesis, Växjö University, School of Management and Economics, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-1488.
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Purpose: The purpose is to gain a better understanding in how a construction com-pany like Held & Francke calculate the price of an offer for a building project and what role cost calculation, in relation to quality and time, plays in achieving competi-tive advantage.
Method: Since the method of cost calculation only was investigated at one company we found it suitable for us to use a holistic single case study as the research strategy. The method used in this study is a qualitative research method since our empirical data, to a large extent, is based on interviews. Further, because our study is of a quali-tative nature, we have chosen to perform semi-structured interviews.
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After examining Held & Francke we found that they manage very well to use some of the theoretical methods for cost calculations. Their main method of calculation is ABC, where the project is broken down into smaller work steps. Cost calculation plays a large role as a competitive advantage for Held & Francke. Cost is the sole as-pect where Held & Francke has full control and providing competitive project prices therefore becomes imperative in order to generate sales. With the focus on costs the cost calculation becomes an important role in achieving a competitive advantage.
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Kisamfu, Rehema Aman. "Investigating Contractual Challenges of Performing Cost Control in Building Construction Projects." Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-297855.
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Quantity Surveyors are considered as the most qualified cost specialists in the construction industry, with their experiences and skills in cost management and control as well as contract management. However, this role is not well recognized in Sweden compared to other countries such as the UK where it’s originated from. And so, the construction industry in Sweden uses other professions for the roles that were supposed to be done by quantity surveyors or cost managers. As a result, the quantity surveyors that have penetrated the Swedish construction industry, face challenges to perform their duties specifically in this case, cost control due to several circumstances. This study has looked into different contractual challenges that face quantity surveyors while performing cost control in building projects. Also, recommendations have been made to help mitigate these challenges and improve cost control in projects. In this master thesis, qualitative study has been performed where quantity surveyors were interviewed regarding cost control and the contractual challenges, they face in building construction projects. The findings were analysed with a theoretical framework and discussed together with previous research and knowledge and in this study principal – agent theory was used. The results of the study showed that poor planning, late involvement of the quantity surveyors in projects, lack of effective communication and poor contract management are the main challenges that face quantity surveyor in performing cost control in building projects. To overcome these challenges, the author suggests that there is a need of increasing awareness on the importance of having quantity surveyors and clearly establish their roles in projects, have proper communication plan, proper contract management and improve skills on quantity surveying software.Kvantitetbesiktningsman anses vara de mest kvalificerade kostnadsspecialisterna inom byggbranschen, med sina erfarenheter och färdigheter inom kostnadsstyrning och kontroll samt kontrakthantering. Denna roll är dock inte välkänd i Sverige jämfört med andra länder som Storbritannien där den härstammar från. Och så använder byggbranschen i Sverige andra yrken för de roller som skulle göras av kvantitetsmätare eller kostnadsansvariga. Som ett resultat står de kvantitetsmätare som har trängt igenom den svenska byggbranschen inför utmaningar att utföra sina uppgifter specifikt i detta fall, kostnadskontroll på grund av flera omständigheter. Denna studie har undersökt olika avtalsmässiga utmaningar som möter kvantitetsmätare när de utför kostnadskontroll i byggprojekt. Dessutom har rekommendationer gjorts för att mildra dessa utmaningar och förbättra kostnadskontrollen i projekt. I detta examensarbete har en kvalitativ studie utförts där kvantitetbesiktningsman intervjuades angående kostnadskontroll och de kontraktsmässiga utmaningar som de står inför i byggprojekt. Resultaten analyserades med en teoretisk ram och diskuterades tillsammans med tidigare forskning och kunskap och i denna studie användes princip - agentteori. Resultaten av studien visade att dålig planering, sen involvering av kvantitetsmätarna i projekt, brist på effektiv kommunikation och dålig kontrakthantering är de viktigaste utmaningarna för kvantitetsmätaren när det gäller att utföra kostnadskontroll i byggprojekt. För att övervinna dessa utmaningar föreslår författaren att det finns ett behov av att öka medvetenheten om vikten av att ha kvantitetsmätare och tydligt fastställa sina roller i projekt, ha korrekt kommunikationsplan, korrekt kontrakthantering och förbättra färdigheterna i kvantitetsmätningsprogramvara.
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Asele, Massamo Ayele, and Ebrahim Ahmed Awol. "Building Sustainable Earnings : Low Cost Model-Based Air Carriers in Europe." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Handelshögskolan vid Umeå universitet, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-36621.
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Knight, Karla Grace. "A fuzzy logic model for predicting commercial building design cost overruns." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ60445.pdf.
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Kim, Han-su. "Value for money in building design : modelling the cost-quality relationships." Thesis, University of Reading, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.244946.
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Oey, Marvin. "Effects of selected practices on the cost performance of building projects /." Digital version, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3008408.
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Park, Moonseo 1967. "Robust control of cost impact on fast-tracking building construction projects." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/9500.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 1999.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 74-75).
The fast-tracking delivery method has received considerable attention in recent years. Its time saving feature has placed it as an alternative to the sequential method. Effective fast-tracking may shorten delivery time and lower project costs. However, it should be highlighted that fast tracking also inherits a greater potential for an unexpected cost increase due to uncertainty in planning and management. To handle such inherent risks, fast-tracking should be undertaken with proper planning and management in a systematic manner. A closer observation of the design and construction process reveals that all of the cost-increasing factors in fast-tracking are directly or indirectly related to non value-adding or corrective changes. These changes are mainly attributed to uncertainty that is rooted in the interdependency of project tasks. Consequently, reducing this interdependency and managing the undesirable interactions among project tasks hold a key to successful fast-tracking. To meet these challenges, a robust planning and control methodology is developed to provide a systematic solution. The proposed methodology is elaborated based on concurrent engineering and system dynamics. Concurrent engineering is applied to develop an overlapping framework for the construction processes and to enable the interdependency among them to be minimized. The system dynamics modeling approach helps analyze and quantify the effect of dynamic interactions among the design and construction processes. The final result of this research may help ensure that the fast-tracking approach achieves sizable delivery time reductions without driving up costs. The provision of an optimal overlapping strategy, workforce control policy, and schedule adjustments assists in satisfying this goal.
by Moonseo Park.
S.M.
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Ford, Teri (Teri Leigh). "The relationship between the Massachusetts' building code and construction cost escalation." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/120654.
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Thesis: S.M. in Real Estate Development, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Program in Real Estate Development in conjunction with the Center for Real Estate, 2018.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 44-46).
Over the last twenty years in Massachusetts, there has been significant focus on a shrinking labor supply and material cost escalation as they relate to rising construction costs. However, there are other factors attributing to increased construction costs that are often overlooked. In these twenty years, four editions of the Massachusetts building code have been released; Massachusetts is currently governed by the 9 th edition. Since the 6 th edition was released in 1997, the code has expanded to include increased seismic requirements, improved fire prevention, and the energy stretch code. However, code changes are rarely included in the industry discussion when trying to explain rising costs. According to The Greater Boston Housing Report Card from 2015, "... the cost of developing urban projects in the Commonwealth increased by nearly 40 percent more than overall inflation" (Bluestone) since 2011. This suggests there is more at play than simply a high volume of work; and while there is no disputing the cyclic nature of the real estate market and the sheer economics of supply and demand, this conversation needs to be expanded to include regulatory influence - specifically building code. The building code in Massachusetts is reviewed and amended by a qualified, volunteer board of industry professionals called the Board of Building Regulations and Standards ("BBRS"). There is a public review process for code changes and avenues for the average person to request a variance or submit suggested amendments. However, this service is severely underutilized by the commercial industry. The intent of this paper is to analyze the relationship between the development and regulatory industries through the primary filter of cost management. Through this lens, I will look at the role of code ambiguity, the layers of regulatory enforcement, and the distribution of liability and the impact on construction cost. Based on interviews with industry professionals, I have identified the primary inefficiencies in the interactions between the two industries and developed three viable solutions to address some of the criticism. These solutions address the misalignment of interests between parties, the subjective assignment of liability, and the opaque, intimidating processes surrounding code variances and appeals.
by Teri Ford.
S.M. in Real Estate Development
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Salam, Md. "Time and cost overruns on high-rise building construction in Bangladesh." Thesis, Abertay University, 2007. https://rke.abertay.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/15bbc393-0b06-4691-a6ec-1e6a6d925179.
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Construction projects in developing countries may suffer from time overruns, which are associated with cost overruns. This research project investigated both time and cost overruns on high-rise building projects in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Surprisingly, preliminary data analysis showed negligible cost overruns in comparison to time overruns. So, further analysis o f cost overruns was not considered in this thesis. This research project also investigated how the causes o f time-overruns can be mitigated. 72 time-overrun and 22 cost-overrun variables were identified through a literature review. These variables were taken as parameters and a personal interview survey was conducted with developers, consultants, contractors and project managers using semistructured questionnaire. A similar second survey was conducted using 22 measures, which can mitigate time- overruns. Data analysis involved the relative importance index to rank the variables, factors analysis to reduce variables to factors with minimum loss of data, stepwise regression to find links among factors in successive stages of construction process and multiple regression to explain delays in terms of factors. The main causes o f time-overruns were ‘cash flow’, ‘planning and scheduling deficiency’ and ‘design changes’. A scree graph identified 31 important variables that caused delays but factor analysis reduced these to 14 factors. Stepwise regression found no strong links among the factors to identify them as reasons for delay in successive stages of the construction project. A multiple regression model explained about 85% of the variance of the delays using eight factors. The main individual measures mitigating time-overruns were ‘improvement of cash flow’, ‘improvement o f communication and coordination among project participants’ and ‘development o f robust planning and scheduling instruments’. Factor analysis produced ten representative factors. Stepwise regression could not find strong links among factors mitigating time-overruns in successive stages of the construction project.
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Velez, Enrique(Velez Lopez). "Is embedding the reactor building below grade a cost-effective proposition?" Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/129930.
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Thesis: M. Eng., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, September, February, 2020Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, February, 2020
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 103-105).
The construction cost of reactor buildings has escalated substantially over time primarily for three reasons. First, new safety requirements, such as the post-9/11 airplane crash measures, have been imposed. Second, labor rates for construction workers and the cost of raw materials such as steel for rebar and cement for concrete have increased. Third, the deployment of new plant designs, such as AP1000 (Advanced Pressurized 1000 MWe Reactor) and EPR (European Pressurized Reactor), has been plagued by first-of-a-kind challenges and a general loss of construction know-how by the nuclear industry in the U.S and Western Europe. Embedding the reactor building below grade is a potential approach to reducing the construction cost of new plants, be they large LWRs (Light Water Reactors), SMRs (Small Modular Reactors) or Generation-IV designs. There are important trade-offs. Embedment of a reactor building requires a much larger excavation effort than is necessary for above-grade plants. However, embedded buildings have lower loads during an earthquake or an airplane crash, thus requiring a lot less reinforcement. The cost of the building itself can therefore be significantly lower. In this thesis we analyze various modularized, silo-type reactor buildings (i.e., the type used, for example, in GEH's (General Electric Hitachi) BWRX-300 (Boiling Water Reactor X-300) design) for a set of reference seismic loads at sites with both soil and rock stratigraphy. The comparison includes a completely embedded design, a partially-embedded design and an above-ground design. The level of reinforcement required is determined from FEM (Finite Element Method) analysis of the building, and the cost of constructing the buildings is estimated from productivity data, labor rates and materials costs obtained from industry sources. This leads to the finding that there are some building layouts and sites where there is a potential cost reduction in embedment.
by Enrique Velez.
M. Eng.
S.M.
M.Eng. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
S.M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering
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Sultan, Sahira. "Cost Evaluation of Building Space Heating; District Heating and Heat Pumps." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för ekonomi, samhälle och teknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-37137.
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Climate change and energy efficiency has become a matter of concern in recent times; therefore, energy efficiency of buildings has drawn major attention. According to the European Commission, EU countries must improve energy efficiency of existing buildings by retrofitting and renovating the buildings. A case study of a renovated commercial building is considered in this degree project. A model of the building is developed in the IDA Indoor Climate and Energy (IDA ICE) software. The model is then augmented to include renovations in the building. Further, the model is simulated in IDA ICE before and after renovations to investigate the impact of renovations on energy consumption of the building for one year. The simulation results indicate peak demands of district heating that occur in the coldest days of the year. The peak demands of energy are expected to increase the district heating cost because they serve as a basis for new pricing model introduced by the energy providers. Hence, it is important from the customer point of view to reduce the peak loads for cost shavings. The project work also provides an insight into the alternative source of energy such as heat pumps to reduce the peak load demands of district heating.
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Wu, Kin-kwong, and 吳健光. "A study of the cost management process and estimation techniques for estimating building services installations in the buildingconstruction industry." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31251523.
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Sun, Minhui. "A study of precast reinforced concrete skeleton for low-cost housing /." Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61221.
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This thesis is a survey of the precast reinforced concrete skeleton system used in low-cost housing (SPCSS), which has widely spread to different areas of the world, but less studied. The thesis includes three major parts: (1) the development of SPCSS; (2) the design, performance feature of SPCSS; and (3) cases studies.The development of SPCSS traces its origin as the structure of prefabricated houses for the housing shortage after the world war in Europe to its spread to developing countries for low-cost housing.
Design and performance study focuses on its features related to low-cost housing its special considerations and key points in design as a small component system, its acclaimed system performance features.
Case studies surveys 15 typical cases. Each case includes general background of the system, system design, comments following the design consideration and example of its application.
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Best, Truman J. "An analysis of building a submarine base in the Arctic." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/22878.
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedThis analysis addresses the value of a submarine base in the Arctic in relation to the growing Soviet threat in that region and the feasibility of constructing and operating such a submarine base. Location, command and control, force operation, logistic support and appropriate force size are elements of the analysis. Also included is the cost effectiveness of the Arctic submarine base both in peacetime and in wartime situations. Based upon this limited analysis, such a base appears to be only marginally cost effective in peacetime but substantially so in wartime.
http://archive.org/details/analysisofbuildi00best
Lieutenant, United States Navy
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Tan, Xiaowei. "A parametric building energy cost optimization tool based on a genetic algorithm." Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/5744.
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This record of study summarizes the work accomplished during the internship at the Energy Systems Laboratory of the Texas Engineering Experiment Station. The internship project was to develop a tool to optimize the building parameters so that the overall building energy cost is minimized. A metaheuristic: genetic algorithm was identified as the solution algorithm and was implemented in the problem under study. Through two case studies, the impacts of the three genetic algorithm parameters, namely population size, crossover and mutation rates, on the algorithm's overall performance are also studied through statistical tests. Through these statistical tests, the optimum combination of above the mentioned parameters is also identified and applied. Finally, a performance analysis based on the case studies show that the tool achieved satisfactory results.
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Egerud, Rebecca, and Erik Södergren. "Cost differences between Miljöbyggnad Guld and BBR." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Kommunikations- och transportsystem, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-142880.
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Denna rapport är en jämförelse mellan BBR och Miljöbyggnad nivå Guld. Tre frågeställningar besvaras, Vad är skillanden mellan BBR och Miljöbyggnad nivå guld, vad är mervärdet och merkostnaden av Miljöbyggnad nivå Guld. Studien är utförd på en fallstudie av Studenthuset som byggs på Linköpings Universitet. Resultaten av studien visar att skillanderna mellan de två är stora, mervärdet för Miljöbyggnad nivå Guld är stort samt att merkostnaden är 2.5 - 3.0 % för Miljöbyggnad nivå GUld
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Meister, Eric. "Using hard cost data on resource consumption to measure green building performance." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0010531.
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Soutos, Michail K. "Forecasting Elemental Building cost percentages using regression analysis and neural network techniques." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.556705.
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Abstract Early stage project estimates are a key component in business decision making, and generally form the basis of the project's ultimate funding. Their strategic importance has been long recognised, leading to increased research and development in cost modelling. For example, research initiated at The University of Manchester resulted in the production of ProCost - early stage cost estimating software, which has the ability to forecast the total cost of a proposed building in the form of a single figure output. This research project commenced with a nationwide questionnaire survey of current cost modelling and elemental cost estimating practice. One of its major findings was that quantity surveyors are not satisfied with single figure output cost models. Based on this, an investigation into the feasibility of generating an elemental breakdown of the ProCost output was initiated. An investigation into an appropriate elemental output format resulted in the adoption of 17 elements based on the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors (RICS) Standard Form of Cost Analysis (SFCA). Models were created for each of these elements using both multiple linear regression and artificial neural network (ANNs) techniques. Initially, data from 120 office buildings were collected and modelled using multiple linear regression analysis. The accuracy of these models, as measured by the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), ranged from 9.2% to 319.6%. Recognising the deficiency of some of these models, the study proceeded by using ANNs as an alternative modelling method. Accepting the requirement of this method for increased data cases, a second data collection programme was initiated, extending the database to industrial and residential buildings and resulting in a total of 360 projects. ANN produced superior models for the majority of the elements, generating MAPEs from 9.7% to 43%. The final decision support tool presented is a hybrid of these two methods with 5 of the models based on multiple linear regression and 12 on ANN techniques. The mean MAPE of the 17 models is 22.1%. The model compares favourably against previous cost modelling attempts in terms of accuracy, generalisation, sample size, and application spectrum and flexibility. It is anticipated that its utilisation will improve current practice enabling quantity surveyors (cost estimators) to generate quick elemental estimates at an early design stage. Further its elemental character will introduce a crosschecking mechanism into the decision-making process, increasing user confidence in the model's application. 13
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Determan, Kelley Victoria. "Sustainability and residential development : a guide to cost-efficient green building technologies." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/90013.
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Thesis: M. Eng., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2014.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 39-41).
Given the upward trend of global energy consumption in recent decades, it has become imperative that countries reduce the amount of energy used on an annual basis. In America, the residential sector is one of the primary energy consumers, but many homeowners lack reliable information about how to build sustainable homes. This lack comes from the difficulty found in trying to quantify energy savings and costs of different sustainable technologies. Focusing on the commonwealth of Massachusetts, this thesis has compiled costs and energy savings for four different sustainable technologies- geothermal heating, heat recovery ventilation, triple-pane windows and a range of insulation materials. Considering all of these options, an interactive computer code was designed to take in inputs from the user about their home, calculate the energy needs of the home, and optimize the technologies and materials chosen based on a budget given by the user. The final result is a list of insulation choices for the walls, roof and floor of a home, the heating and ventilation systems, and window types for the highest energy savings within the users budget.
by Kelley Victoria Determan.
M. Eng.
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Qiao, Zhi. "Building Reliable and Cost-Effective Storage Systems for High-Performance Computing Datacenters." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2020. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1707348/.
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In this dissertation, I first incorporate declustered redundant array of independent disks (RAID) technology in the existing system by maximizing the aggregated recovery I/O and accelerating post-failure remediation. Our analytical model affirms the accelerated data recovery stage significantly improves storage reliability. Then I present a proactive data protection framework that augments storage availability and reliability. It utilizes the failure prediction methods to efficiently rescue data on drives before failures occur, which significantly reduces the storage downtime and lowers the risk of nested failures. Finally, I investigate how an active storage system enables energy-efficient computing. I explore an emerging storage device named Ethernet drive to offload data-intensive workloads from the host to drives and process the data on drives. It not only minimizes data movement and power usage, but also enhances data availability and storage scalability. In summary, my dissertation research provides intelligence at the drive, storage node, and system levels to tackle the rising reliability challenge in modern HPC datacenters. The results indicate that this novel storage paradigm cost-effectively improves storage scalability, availability, and reliability.
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Stutesman, Jonathan Harley. "Identifying the Economic Barriers to CLT Cost Estimation Among Building Construction Professionals." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/96712.
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Cross-laminated timbers (CLTs) are strong and lightweight structural building materials. CLTs are made from renewable wood resources and have significant economic potential as a new value-added product for the United States. However, market penetration has been obstructed by product affordability and lack of availability for use. Previous studies and projects have surveyed opinions of designers and contractors about the adoption of CLTs. No previous study was found that surveyed cost estimators, who serve the essential function of creating economic comparisons of alternative materials in commercial construction. CLTs are not included in these current cost estimation tools and software packages which may be limiting the potential use of CLT in construction.
The purpose of this study was to discover if cost estimation is being used to make structural decisions potentially affecting the marketability of CLT use in construction and building design because of the ability to estimate CLTs adequately. Through the use of a survey, the re-designing of a building, and discussions with subject matter experts, this study examined the knowledge level of cross-laminated timbers of under-surveyed building construction professions and the relationship between cost estimation and structural material choices. Their responses are demonstrating the need for better cost estimation tools for cross-laminated timbers such as inclusion in the Construction Specifications Institute's classification systems in order for CLTs to become a more competitive product. The study concluded that cost estimation is important for CLT market development, because it is being used extensively in the construction industry.Master of Science
Cross-laminated timbers (CLTs) are strong and lightweight structural building materials that also serve as a method of sequestering carbon rather than emitting carbon like more traditional construction materials. CLT construction is straightforward and quick to assemble, requiring minimal time and labor. CLTs are made from abundant and renewable wood resources and have significant economic potential as a job creator and as a new value-added product for the United States. However, market penetration has been obstructed by product affordability and lack of availability for use. Previous studies and projects have surveyed opinions of designers and contractors about CLT use. However, no previous study has been found that examined the opinions of cost estimators, who serve an essential function in providing economic comparisons of different construction systems for designers and building owners to select in the commercial construction area. CLTs are currently not included in these cost estimates, and this lack of information may be limiting the potential of this construction system. The purpose of this study was to discover if cost estimation is being used to make structural decisions potentially affecting the marketability of CLT use in construction and building design because of the ability to estimate CLTs adequately. Through the use of a survey and discussions with subject matter experts, this study examined the knowledge level of crosslaminated timbers of under-surveyed building construction professions and the relationship between cost estimation and structural material choices. They are demonstrating the need for better cost estimation tools for cross-laminated timbers such as inclusion in the Construction Specifications Institute’s classification systems in order for CLTs to become a more competitive product. Cost estimation is performed early in the design process before the structural material has been chosen. However, making cost estimates of CLT materials early in the design process is not a practical solution at this point due to the lack of cost data available. As an alternative solution, this project developed a design tool that is meant to accelerate the design process and allow companies to approach suppliers for quotes, which require mostly complete designs. While this is not a complete solution, if designs are made faster and more effortless, they should also be a more affordable investment for clients. 5 | Page Building construction professionals perceived CLT construction as too expensive, unavailable to the consumer, or unwanted by the client. It was found that the lack of data, due primarily to the material being new to the US construction industry, was a significant barrier to CLT cost estimation. The custom design of many previous CLT projects, due to the lack of CLT construction in the current building codes, limits the collection of standard CLT construction data. There is also an issue with the discrete sizes of CLT panels limiting their competitiveness. These barriers were identified in this study, and further research is needed to develop complete solutions.
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Xu, Weili. "An Energy and Cost Performance Optimization Platform for Commercial Building System Design." Research Showcase @ CMU, 2017. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/956.
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Energy and cost performance optimization for commercial building system design is growing in popularity, but it is often criticized for its time consuming process. Moreover, the current process lacks integration, which not only affects time performance, but also investors’ confidence in the predicted performance of the generated design. Such barriers keep building owners and design teams from embracing life cycle cost consideration. This thesis proposes a computationally efficient design optimization platform to improve the time performance and to streamline the workflow in an integrated multi-objective building system design optimization process. First, building system cost estimation is typically completed through a building information model based quantity take-off process, which does not provide sufficient design decision support features in the design process. To remedy this issue, an automatic cost estimation framework that integrates EnergyPlus with an external database to perform building systems’ capital and operation costs is proposed. Optimization, typically used for building system design selection, requires a large amount of computational time. The optimization process evaluates building envelope, electrical and HVAC systems in an integrated system not only to explore the cost-saving potential from a single high performance system, but also the interrelated effects among different systems. An innovative optimization strategy that integrates machine learning techniques with a conventional evolutionary algorithm is proposed. This strategy can reduce run time and improve the quality of the solutions. Lastly, developing baseline energy models typically takes days or weeks depending on the scale of the design. An automated system for generating baseline energy model according to ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1 performance rating method is thus proposed to provide a quick appraisal of optimal designs in comparison with the baseline energy requirements. The main contribution of this thesis is the development of a new design optimization platform to expedite the conventional decision making process. The platform integrates three systems: (1) cost estimation, (2) optimization and (3) benchmark comparison for minimizing the first cost and energy operation costs. This allows designers to confidently select an optimal design with high performance building systems by making a comparison with the minimum energy baseline set by standards in the building industry. Two commercial buildings are selected as case studies to demonstrate the effectiveness of this platform. One building is the Center for Sustainable Landscapes in Pittsburgh, PA. This case study is used as a new construction project. With 54 million possible design solutions, the platform is able to identify optimal designs in four hours. Some of the design solutions not only save the operation costs by up to 23% compared to the ASHRAE baseline design, but also reduce the capital cost ranging from 5% to 23%. Also, compared with the ASHRAE baseline design, one design solution demonstrates that the high investment of a product, building integrative photovoltaic (BiPV) system, can be justified through the integrative design optimization approach by the lower operation costs (20%) as well as the lower capital cost (12%). The second building is the One Montgomery Plaza, a large office building in Norristown, PA. This case study focuses on using the platform for a retrofit project. The calibrated energy model requires one hour to complete the simulation. There are 4000 possible design solutions proposed and the platform is able to find the optimal design solution in around 50 hours. Similarly, the results indicate that up to 25% capital cost can be saved with $1.7 million less operation costs in 25 years, compare to the ASHRAE baseline design.
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Nirmal, Deepika. "Environmental and Cost impact Analysis of Materials and Assemblies in Building Construction." FIU Digital Commons, 2012. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/643.
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One of the new trends in the building construction industry is designing for environmental-friendly buildings, a.k.a. Green Buildings. Planners and designers are therefore trying to accommodate these new environmental practices into existing design criteria. Selection of building materials is one of the key decisions need to be made by building designers. However, due to the strong influence of costs on the building industry, making material-selection decisions solely based on their environmental impacts could be both inadequate and impractical. These factors therefore complicate the building design process, especially pertaining to material selection.
Accordingly, the present study is aimed at providing much needed support to the decision-making process of residential building design. To this end, the study evaluates and analyzes the environmental and cost impacts of several building assemblies and material alternatives for the building exterior walls. The Technique of Order Preference Similar to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) is used to evaluate and rank different material alternatives used in walls based on their environmental impacts. In addition, the environmental data used in this study were extracted from commonly used databases that considered the lifecycle impacts of different residential building materials and assemblies. The environmental and cost impacts of several exterior wall assemblies are then aggregated for different building material alternatives to allow for an objective comparison of these assemblies and facilitate proper building design decision- making. The study results show that wood and exterior insulation finishing system (EIFS) provided the best environmental performance of wall structural and wall finishing materials, respectively. This research is expected to prove useful in supporting building design decision- making. In addition, this research can improve pre-construction estimation and support screening of building materials.
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Alnestig, Henrik. "On the Feasibility of Low Cost Computer Vision : Building and Testing SimpleEye." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-29363.
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This thesis explores a novel approach to the computer vision eld in the form of lowcost computer vision intended for industrial use. The system proposed in this thesis, calledSimpleEye, is implemented and tested against an existing system. Dierent approachesto object detection and data extraction from a scene, as well as common applications ofcomputer vision in the industry, are examined. Three algorithms are implemented, aimedat dierent industrial applications. These are two types of object recognition, using CannyEdge detection and connected-component labeling, as well as barcode scanning. The tests,each targeting one of the implemented approaches, show promising results for low costcomputer vision. While the system is expectedly lacking in speed, it has no diculties inachieving good result in applications which are not highly time critical. SimpleEye yieldedaccuracy and precision comparable to commercial systems, with parts costing approximately100 USD. The tests show that the system is able to function in several computer visionapplications used today, including visual servoing, blob detection, blob tracking, and barcodescanning.
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Ndlovu, Shweshwe. "Barriers to consumer acceptance of innovative building technologies for low-cost housing." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/81683.
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Low-income subsidy housing production is not satisfying the current housing need, leading to increasing backlogs and significant impacts on many poor people's health and safety. Traditional methods for producing these houses have not been sufficient for meeting the low-income housing need, particularly in aspects concerning time, cost, and quality of construction. There has been enough evidence supporting the adoption of innovative building technologies to enhance the South African government's ability to deliver low-income housing by reducing the times and costs of construction while substantially improving the quality of construction products. However, the implementation of low-income housing produced using innovative building systems has been primarily unsuccessful owing to the low levels of acceptance by South African communities. This study explored consumers’ attitudes and perceptions towards low-income housing produced using innovative building technologies. Data was collected from seventeen semi-structured interviews with potential low-income housing beneficiaries. The results showed that participants had limited knowledge about housing constructed with innovative building technologies. The lack of knowledge enhanced participants’ perceptions of risk and led them to develop negative attitudes towards the housing systems. The negative attitudes primarily were related to increased perceptions of performance, financial and psychosocial risk. However, the results also showed that participants were still willing to accept housing produced using innovative building technologies because of their potential to improve participants’ living conditions. The study contributes new knowledge to the debate about the role of innovative building technologies for improved housing delivery in South Africa. The study also helps the government, decision-makers, and stakeholders formulate effective strategies for developing and promoting housing produced with innovative building technologies.Mini Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2021.
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
MBA
Unrestricted