Journal articles: 'Building Cost'

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Yin, Hang. "Building Management System to support building renovation." Boolean: Snapshots of Doctoral Research at University College Cork, no. 2010 (January 1, 2010): 164–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.33178/boolean.2010.37.

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Many publications have concluded that around 40% of the world’s energy costs are incurred in buildings. The biggest energy users in a building are facilities which cover 40% to 60% of the total energy cost. In recent years, construction work undertaken in building renovation and rehabilitation has increased considerably. Technical renovations have always brought better building management. Modern technology has a more user friendly interface as well as giving us the successful management of building systems and associated reduced costs. In order to implement more energy efficiency in existing buildings, Building Management System (BMS) and Building Information Modelling (BIM) play important roles in the energy & cost savings of the building’s life. This paper emphasises the use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) to support and justify essential building renovation that will improve a building’s performance and decrease annual energy costs. We will present an introduction to BMS and BIM ...

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Khaja, G., P. Sai, and K. Siva Sankar. "Alternative Low Cost Building Materials on Beams." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-1, Issue-5 (August 31, 2017): 332–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd2295.

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Izobo-Martins, Oladunni Oluwatoyin, Ekhaese Eghosa, and Ayo-Vaughan Kunle Emmanuel. "Architects’ View on Design Consideration that Can Reduce Maintenance Cost." Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences 9, no. 3 (May 1, 2018): 193–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mjss-2018-0061.

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Abstract Buildings are designed with the intent of lasting for a certain period of time. Building maintenance in different building typology is described as multi-faceted activities which involve planning, directing, controlling and organizing resources for the sustenance of the building’s physical, functional and operational performance. The research focused on ways cost of maintaining a building was done, effectively or efficiently with the influence of the design approach used. Literatures of works pertaining to building maintenance were reviewed to identify the various impacts, influences that a building design would have on the cost of maintaining any building type. Maintenance departments of educational institutions were surveyed and data analyzed. The study revealed that maintenance culture of buildings could either be positive or negative, based on the quality of design approach used. The study recommends a proper review of building codes and regulations by organizations intending to erect building structures with a view of designers to specified standards and prevent excess maintenance cost in the future.

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Chong, Heap-Yih, Vivian W. Y. Tam, Wei Chian Lai, Monty Sutrisna, Xiangyu Wang, and Illankoon Mudiyanselage Chethana Sa Illankoon. "Cost implications for certified Green Building Index buildings." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Waste and Resource Management 170, no. 1 (February 2017): 29–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/jwarm.16.00019.

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Li, Na. "Research on Comfort Performance of Green Building and Conventional Building." Applied Mechanics and Materials 312 (February 2013): 822–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.312.822.

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t has been argued that green buildings have a better indoor environmental quality than conventional buildings and that this translates into a more satisfying workplace for the building's occupants and, inturn, a more productive workforce. Assessing a building's cost effectiveness means taking into account all the costs that will be incurred during its life cycle not just development costs. People found no evidence to believe that green buildings are more comfortable than conventional building. In fact, the only difference between the buildings was that occupants of the green building were more likely to perceive their work environment as warm, and occupants who felt warm were more likely to describe their work environment as poor.

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Stoy, Christian, and Hans-Rudolf Schalcher. "Residential Building Projects: Building Cost Indicators and Drivers." Journal of Construction Engineering and Management 133, no. 2 (February 2007): 139–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9364(2007)133:2(139).

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Lim, Cheng Sim, Tien Choon Toh, Wah Peng Lee, See Seng Ng, Chin Khian Yong, and Kai Chen Goh. "The Effect of Different Groupings of Building Elements on Cost Significant Elements and their Cost Contributions to the Total Building Cost of a Block of Medium Cost Apartments in Malaysia." Applied Mechanics and Materials 405-408 (September 2013): 3335–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.405-408.3335.

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Utilising cost data from a block of medium cost apartments in Sungai Buloh, Malaysia, this pilot study aims to evaluate the cost significant elements (CSE) and their cost contributions (in percentages) to the total building cost (TBC) determined based on the grouping of building elements according to the original bills of quantities (BQ) format and the grouping of building elements according to The Institution of Surveyors, Malaysia (ISM)’s elemental cost analysis (ECA) format. Two separate tabulations following the same steps are made in order to achieve the objective of the study. Each tabulation has information on the total cost of each element, and produces information on ‘Actual Total Bill Value’, ‘Mean Bill Value’, ‘Total Bill Value of CSE’, ‘Number of Total Elements (TE)’, ‘Number of CSE in Total’, ‘CSE/TE (per cent)’, and lastly ‘Total Bill Value of CSE/Actual Total Bill Value’. For both tabulations, it is found that “45.45% to 50.00%” of the total number of building elements has contributed to “78.11% to 83.77%” of the TBC and that the two different groupings of building elements being studied have yielded quite similar results. Nonetheless, further analysis can be done with more data from other similar buildings in the region to obtain statistically reliable results.

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Lou, Na, and Jingjuan Guo. "Study on Key Cost Drivers of Prefabricated Buildings Based on System Dynamics." Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (October 28, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8896435.

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The prefabricated building as a major initiative has been put forward by China in recent years to promote the transformation and upgrading of the construction industry, but its rapid development also faces high cost constraints. Therefore, it is necessary and urgent to study the key cost drivers and cost control paths of prefabricated buildings. Most of the current research focuses on the construction cost of prefabricated building as a static object. This article, on the other hand, regards the construction cost of prefabricated building as a dynamic formation process and conducts systematic research from product systems, technical systems, construction processes, and management modes. The influence factors of prefabricated building cost are defined and screened with the help of HSM and previous research results. A cause-and-effect model and cost control model of prefabricated building cost driver are established. Based on the model test of the actual project, the cost generation of prefabricated buildings is simulated. Through sensitivity analysis, key cost drivers of prefabricated building are identified and ranked as degree of design standardization, unit price, prefabrication rate, information technology level, transportation mode, labor level, machinery level, transportation distance, etc. Accordingly, corresponding strategies are proposed for the cost control of prefabricated buildings.

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Gu, Hongmei, Shaobo Liang, and Richard Bergman. "Comparison of Building Construction and Life-Cycle Cost for a High-Rise Mass Timber Building with its Concrete Alternative." Forest Products Journal 70, no. 4 (November 1, 2020): 482–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.13073/fpj-d-20-00052.

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Abstract Mass timber building materials such as cross-laminated timber (CLT) have captured attention in mid- to high-rise building designs because of their potential environmental benefits. The recently updated multistory building code also enables greater utilization of these wood building materials. The cost-effectiveness of mass timber buildings is also undergoing substantial analysis. Given the relatively new presence of CLT in United States, high front-end construction costs are expected. This study presents the life-cycle cost (LCC) for a 12-story, 8,360-m2 mass timber building to be built in Portland, Oregon. The goal was to assess its total life-cycle cost (TLCC) relative to a functionally equivalent reinforced-concrete building design using our in-house-developed LCC tool. Based on commercial construction cost data from the RSMeans database, a mass timber building design is estimated to have 26 percent higher front-end costs than its concrete alternative. Front-end construction costs dominated the TLCC for both buildings. However, a decrease of 2.4 percent TLCC relative to concrete building was observed because of the estimated longer lifespan and higher end-of-life salvage value for the mass timber building. The end-of-life savings from demolition cost or salvage values in mass timber building could offset some initial construction costs. There are minimal historical construction cost data and lack of operational cost data for mass timber buildings; therefore, more studies and data are needed to make the generalization of these results. However, a solid methodology for mass timber building LCC was developed and applied to demonstrate several cost scenarios for mass timber building benefits or disadvantages.

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Abdallah, Moatassem, Khaled El-Rayes, and Liang Liu. "Optimizing the selection of sustainability measures to minimize life-cycle cost of existing buildings." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 43, no. 2 (February 2016): 151–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2015-0179.

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Buildings have significant impacts on the environment and economy as they were reported by the World Business Council for Sustainable Development in 2009 to account for 40% of the global energy consumption. Building owners are increasingly seeking to integrate sustainability and green measures in their buildings to minimize energy and water consumption as well as life-cycle cost. Due to the large number of feasiblecombinations of sustainability measures, decision makers are often faced with a challenging task that requires them to identify an optimal set of upgrade measures to minimize the building life-cycle cost. This paper presents a model for optimizing the selection of building upgrade measures to minimize the life-cycle cost of existing buildings while complying with owner-specified requirements for building operational performance and budget constraints. The optimization model accounts for initial upgrade cost, operational cost and saving, escalation in utility costs, maintenance cost, replacement cost, and salvage value of building fixtures and equipment, and renewable energy systems. A case study of a rest area building in the state of Illinois in the United States was analyzed to illustrate the unique capabilities of the developed optimization model. The main findings of this analysis illustrate the capabilities of the model in identifying optimal building upgrade measures to achieve the highest savings of building life-cycle cost within a user-specified upgrade budget; and generating practical and detailed recommendations on replacing building fixtures and equipment and installing renewable energy systems.

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Ahmed, Kaiser, Hatef Hajian, Tero Hasu, and Jarek Kurnitski. "Kouvola Housing fair NZEB houses energy, cost and carbon analyses." E3S Web of Conferences 172 (2020): 13001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017213001.

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Building energy efficiency, construction cost, life cycle cost, and carbon emission are the best interests of users, owners and different vendors. This study assessed the energy performance (EP) related investment and operational energy cost of Kouvola housing fair NZEB. Data from 12 new detached houses were collected, which fulfilled the energy certificate class of B according to the Finnish nearly zero energy building (NZEB) regulation. Besides, emission from building materials, construction and energy use during 50 years of one model building were estimated, aiming to compare the life cycle emission from wooden building, insulated concrete building, blockhouse and log house. The results showed that the total construction cost was independent to EP-value and even had a slightly negative correlation to the EP-value. The average EP-value of 12 buildings was slightly higher than that of buildings in Tampere housing fair 2012, which showed no improvement of nearly zero energy building (NZEB) guidelines since 2012. Energy performance related cost dependency in specific cost categories was shown so that EP-value improvement by 40 units increased less than 2% of construction cost. Electricity had a significant contribution to CO2 emission while local district heating was based on renewables. Material emissions contribution was 32-48% of total emissions, and wooden buildings showed lower carbon footprint compared to other building structures.

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Nalewaik, Alexia, and Valerie Venters. "Cost benefits of building green." IEEE Engineering Management Review 38, no. 2 (2010): 77–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/emr.2010.5497026.

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MOOS., S. "THE COST OF BUILDING MATERIALS." Bulletin of the Oxford University Institute of Economics & Statistics 5, no. 15 (May 1, 2009): 241–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0084.1943.mp5015001.x.

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Carter, Charles J., Thomas M. Murray, and William A. Thornton. "Cost-effective steel building design." Progress in Structural Engineering and Materials 2, no. 1 (January 2000): 16–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1528-2716(200001/03)2:1<16::aid-pse3>3.0.co;2-q.

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TAN, WILLIE. "Construction cost and building height." Construction Management and Economics 17, no. 2 (March 1999): 129–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/014461999371628.

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Ngo, Ngoc-Tri, Ngo Dinh Khoa Lam, Bui Minh Hieu, Nguyen Thi Thu Hang, Tang Thu Ha, and Phan Thi Hoai Thoa. "BIM application for analyzing impacts of construction parameters on energy use and energy costs in buildings." Journal of Science and Technology in Civil Engineering (STCE) - NUCE 15, no. 3 (August 16, 2021): 144–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.31814/stce.nuce2021-15(3)-12.

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Energy-saving solutions in buildings in Vietnam are a great concern for sustainable development nowadays. However, energy-efficient and cost-saving designs based on the integration of Building Information Modeling (BIM) and building energy analysis are still limited. This study aims to provide energy-efficient and cost-saving designs for buildings by performing the cloud-based building energy simulation. Particularly, the analysis of the impact of changing building parameters on energy consumption and energy cost was performed in this study. Considered building parameters includes building orientation, wall construction, window-to-wall ratio (WWR), lighting efficiency, daylighting and occupancy controls, and, heating ventilation, and air conditioning system. The findings of the study can facilitate building designers, building owners or investors can obtain the best solution for designing the buildings. The first contribution of the study, to provide an in-depth analysis of the impact of the building parameters of energy cost and energy consumption. The second contribution is to contribute to the domain knowledge promotion of the digital transformation in the construction industry.

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Toh, Tien Choon, Cheng Sim Lim, Connie Ting, Kherun Nita Ali, Godwin Uche Aliagha, and Kai Chen Goh. "A Preliminary Survey of Factors Influencing Project Cost Estimating Practice in the Klang Valley of Malaysia." Applied Mechanics and Materials 470 (December 2013): 915–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.470.915.

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The objective of the survey which was conducted in the Klang Valley of Malaysia was to prioritise factors that are considered by building contractors in estimating the construction cost of buildings. Respondents selected by simple random sampling have been asked to assign a one-to-five rating for each of the total of 79 cost factors identified from the literature review. The result of the preliminary survey of factors influencing project cost estimating practice of building contractors has indicated that only 35 cost factors have been regarded by the respondents from small, medium and large building construction companies as highly relevant for building construction projects. ‘Client requirements on quality’ was found to be the most significant cost factor influencing the construction cost of buildings.

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Wang, He, Yinqi Zhang, Weijun Gao, and Soichiro Kuroki. "Life Cycle Environmental and Cost Performance of Prefabricated Buildings." Sustainability 12, no. 7 (March 25, 2020): 2609. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12072609.

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Global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the construction industry continue to increase at an annual rate of 1.5%. It is particularly important to understand the characteristics of the building life cycle to reduce its environmental impact. This paper aims to assess the environmental impact of prefabricated buildings and traditional cast-in-situ buildings over the building life cycle using a hybrid model. A case study of a building with a 40% assembly rate in Japan was employed for evaluation. It concluded that the total energy consumption, and carbon emissions of the prefabricated building was 7.54%, and 7.17%, respectively, less than that of the traditional cast-in-situ building throughout the whole life cycle. The carbon emissions reduction in the operation phase reached a peak of 4.05 kg CO2/year∙m2. The prefabricated building was found to cost less than the traditional cast-in-situ building, reducing the price per square meter by 10.62%. The prefabricated building has advantages in terms of reducing global warming, acid rain, and health damage by 15% reduction. With the addition of the assembly rate, the carbon emissions and cost dropped, bottoming out when the assembly rate was 60%. After that, an upward trend was shown with the assembly rate increasing. Additionally, this study outlined that the prefabricated pile foundations is not applicable due to its high construction cost and environmental impact.

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Wang, Jie, and Wei Pan. "INFLUENCING PARAMETERS OF THE LIFE CYCLE COST-ENERGY RELATIONSHIP OF BUILDINGS." Journal of Green Building 13, no. 4 (September 2018): 103–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/1943-4618.13.4.103.

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Buildings contribute around 45% of the world's energy consumption. Reducing energy demand in buildings therefore plays a vital role in addressing the depletion of energy resources and associated environmental issues. Previous research explored the optimisations of the costs and energy consumption of buildings, but often overlooked the connections, tradeoffs and synergies between them. The aim of this paper is thus to develop a theoretical model of the influencing parameters of the life cycle cost-energy relationship (LCCER) of buildings using the Political, Economic, Socio-cultural, Technological, Environmental and Legal (PESTEL) analytical framework. This study was carried out through a critical literature review, model development and validation through case studies with four zero or nearly zero energy building projects carefully selected from the European Union and Australia. The developed model addresses the buildings' LCCER by identifying the key influencing parameters and explicating the mechanisms (namely, the simultaneous and unilateral effects) by which the identified parameters affect such relationship. The important influencing parameters were found to reside in two aspects: (1) internal project designs covering building characteristics, building structure and function, and construction process, and (2) external environments covering climate, economic condition, occupant behaviour, policy and regulation, and buildings' lifespan focused in the studies. Various statistical correlations were found to exist between the costs and energy consumption of the studied cases. It is summarised that these correlations may be attributable to the synergy between the simultaneous and unilateral effects of the identified parameters. The developed model contributes a systemic approach to examining the building's life cycle economics and energy in a comparative manner.

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Dang, Yu, Jian-ping Han, and Yong-tao Li. "Analysis of the Seismic Performance of Isolated Buildings according to Life-Cycle Cost." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2015 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/495042.

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This paper proposes an indicator of seismic performance based on life-cycle cost of a building. It is expressed as a ratio of lifetime damage loss to life-cycle cost and determines the seismic performance of isolated buildings. Major factors are considered, including uncertainty in hazard demand and structural capacity, initial costs, and expected loss during earthquakes. Thus, a high indicator value indicates poor building seismic performance. Moreover, random vibration analysis is conducted to measure structural reliability and evaluate the expected loss and life-cycle cost of isolated buildings. The expected loss of an actual, seven-story isolated hospital building is only 37% of that of a fixed-base building. Furthermore, the indicator of the structural seismic performance of the isolated building is much lower in value than that of the structural seismic performance of the fixed-base building. Therefore, isolated buildings are safer and less risky than fixed-base buildings. The indicator based on life-cycle cost assists owners and engineers in making investment decisions in consideration of structural design, construction, and expected loss. It also helps optimize the balance between building reliability and building investment.

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Kassim, A. M., M. S. Jamri, Md Nazri Othman, M. Z. A. Rashid, and S. J. S. Ismail. "Design and Development of Low Cost Certified Green Building for Non Residential Existing Building (NREB)." Advanced Materials Research 748 (August 2013): 1125–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.748.1125.

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The Green Building Index (GBI) is one of rating tool which are provides a prospect for building developers and owners for designing and constructing a green and sustainable buildings. The proposed low cost GBI buildings provide many advantages such as energy savings, water savings, a healthier indoor environment, and better connectivity to public transport. Besides, adoption of recycling and greenery for the projects and can reduce the impact on the environment. However, the implementation to certify as Green Building Index has a lot of concerns such as cost constraint, know how constraints and etc. Therefore, in this paper, the design and development of low cost certified green building by fulfilling the Green Building Index (GBI) is proposed in order to ease the development of green building to have better life for human and environment in this world in term of energy efficiency performances.

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Henze, Gregor P., Thoi H. Le, Anthony R. Florita, and Clemens Felsmann. "Sensitivity Analysis of Optimal Building Thermal Mass Control." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 129, no. 4 (May 19, 2006): 473–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2770755.

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In order to avoid high utility demand charges from cooling during the summer and to level a building’s electrical demand profile, precooling of the building’s massive structure can be applied to shift cooling-related thermal loads in response to utility pricing signals. Several previous simulation and experimental studies have shown that proper precooling can attain considerable reduction of operating cost in buildings. This paper systematically evaluates the merits of the passive building thermal capacitance to minimize energy cost for a design day using optimal control. The evaluation is conducted by means of a sensitivity analysis utilizing a dynamic building energy simulation program coupled to a popular technical computing environment. The optimal controller predicts the required extent of precooling (zone temperature set-point depression), depending on the utility rate structure, occupancy and on-peak period duration and onset, internal gains, building mass, occupancy period temperature set-point range, and weather as characterized by diurnal temperature and relative humidity swings. In addition to quantifying the building response, energy consumption, and utility cost, this paper extracts the dominant features of the optimal precooling strategies for each of the investigated cases so that guidelines for near-optimal building thermal mass savings may be developed in the future.

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La Fleur, Lina, Patrik Rohdin, and Bahram Moshfegh. "Energy Renovation versus Demolition and Construction of a New Building—A Comparative Analysis of a Swedish Multi-Family Building." Energies 12, no. 11 (June 11, 2019): 2218. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12112218.

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This study addresses the life cycle costs (LCC) of energy renovation, and the demolition and construction of a new building. A comparison is made between LCC optimal energy renovations of four different building types with thermal performance, representing Swedish constructions from the 1940s, 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s, as well as the demolition of the building and construction of a new building that complies with the Swedish building code. A Swedish multi-family building from the 1960s is used as a reference building. LCC optimal energy renovations are identified with energy saving targets ranging between 10% and 70%, in addition to the lowest possible life cycle cost. The analyses show that an ambitious energy renovation is not cost-optimal in any of the studied buildings, if achieving the lowest LCC is the objective function. The cost of the demolition and construction of a new building is higher compared to energy renovation to the same energy performance. The higher rent in new buildings does not compensate for the higher cost of new construction. A more ambitious renovation is required in buildings that have a shape factor with a high internal volume to heated floor area ratio.

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., Shweta O. Rathi. "COST EFFECTIVENESS OF USING AAC BLOCKS FOR BUILDING CONSTRUCTION IN RESIDENTIAL BUILDING AND PUBLIC BUILDINGS." International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology 05, no. 05 (May 25, 2016): 517–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.15623/ijret.2016.0505097.

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Sun, Chen-Yi, Yin-Guang Chen, Rong-Jing Wang, Shih-Chi Lo, Jyh-Tyng Yau, and Ya-Wen Wu. "Construction Cost of Green Building Certified Residence: A Case Study in Taiwan." Sustainability 11, no. 8 (April 12, 2019): 2195. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11082195.

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The green building certification system of Taiwan, EEWH (Ecology, Energy Saving, Waste Reduction and Health), has been in operation for more than 20 years (since 1999). In order to understand the relationship between green building certification and the construction costs of residential buildings, this study obtained 37 green building-certified residential cases and 36 general residential cases available from public information and conducted a comparative analysis. The results of this study showed that the average construction cost of a green building certification residential building was only 1.58% higher than a general residential building, indicating that green building certification does not require a large increase in costs. However, for residential buildings, achieving a high-grade (gold-grade or diamond-grade) green building certification means an increase of 6.7% to 9.3% in construction costs. This shows that the pursuit of higher levels of green building certification does require higher construction costs. In addition, the results of this study can not only provide important references for the government in making green building policies, but also offer a practical strategy for developers for decision-making.

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Zhang, Wei, and Yue En Li. "A Study to Interior Design Project Management Guideline Using on Historical Building Renovation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 584-586 (July 2014): 207–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.584-586.207.

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There are many western style historical buildings in China, and the old buildings need a renovation and protection for their historical value in culture and facilities. It is an important protection problem for the culture symbols and historical building renovation. In this paper, it presents a old cultural building’s renovation process following the a interior design project management guideline, as the public old building, it should consider its old structure and modern building corresponding, the project cost and the craft combine together in this case study, as the successful case and field symbolic building, it shows a new characters around that place.

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Henze, Gregor P. "Energy and Cost Minimal Control of Active and Passive Building Thermal Storage Inventory." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 127, no. 3 (January 21, 2005): 343–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1877513.

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In contrast to building energy conversion equipment, less improvement has been achieved in thermal energy distribution, storage and control systems in terms of energy efficiency and peak load reduction potential. Cooling of commercial buildings contributes significantly to the peak demand placed on an electrical utility grid and time-of-use electricity rates are designed to encourage shifting of electrical loads to off-peak periods at night and on weekends. Buildings can respond to these pricing signals by shifting cooling-related thermal loads either by precooling the building’s massive structure (passive storage) or by using active thermal energy storage systems such as ice storage. Recent theoretical and experimental work showed that the simultaneous utilization of active and passive building thermal storage inventory can save significant amounts of utility costs to the building operator, yet increased electrical energy consumption may result. The article investigates the relationship between cost savings and energy consumption associated with conventional control, minimal cost and minimal energy control, while accounting for variations in fan power consumption, chiller capacity, chiller coefficient-of-performance, and part-load performance. The model-based predictive building controller is employed to either minimize electricity cost including a target demand charge or electrical energy consumption. This work shows that buildings can be operated in a demand-responsive fashion to substantially reduce utility costs with marginal increases in overall energy consumption. In the case of energy optimal control, the reference control was replicated, i.e., if only energy consumption is of concern, neither active nor passive building thermal storage should be utilized. On the other hand, cost optimal control suggests strongly utilizing both thermal storage inventories.

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Englekirk, R. E., and T. A. Sabol. "Strengthening Buildings to a Life Safety Criterion." Earthquake Spectra 7, no. 1 (February 1991): 81–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1585613.

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This paper presents an approach to seismically strengthen buildings to a life-safety criterion. Existing buildings do not comply with most provisions of modern model building codes and, as a result, are often considered seismically deficient. Buildings identified as seismic hazards are often not rehabilitated because the cost of the rehabilitation proves uneconomical, but the buildings usually continue in use because there are no funds to replace the structure. Building occupants continue to be exposed to hazardous conditions until building owners are forced to rehabilitate or demolish the structure by legally mandated seismic rehabilitate programs. Attainment of economical strengthening schemes requires that one identify essential goals and approach the seismic rehabilitation problem from the perspective of trying to achieve these goals. If prevention of building collapse and preservation of life-safety are the objectives of seismic rehabilitation, acceptance of higher levels of building damage may be an acceptable tradeoff for a reduction in the seismic rehabilitation cost. Explicit consideration of the building's available ductility, existing stiffness, and permissible lateral displacement permit the introduction of strengthening systems that address the fundamental weaknesses in the existing building. This limits the expenditure of funds to that required to achieve the required level of life safety without having to spend money to unreasonably reduce damage levels.

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Jokisalo, Juha, Paula Sankelo, Juha Vinha, Kai Sirén, and Risto Kosonen. "Cost optimal energy performance renovation measures in a municipal service building in a cold climate." E3S Web of Conferences 111 (2019): 03022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911103022.

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The energy saving potential of existing buildings is significant compared to new buildings in the EU region. To reduce significantly the CO2 emissions of buildings, energy efficiency of old buildings need to be improved. Aim of this study is to determine cost-optimal solutions for energy renovation and renewable energy production systems for an old existing service building. The example building of this study is a residence for elderly people, which was built in 1955 and located in Finland. This study was carried out by a dynamic building simulation tool IDA-ICE and multi objective optimization tool MOBO. The cost-optimal renovation concepts were determined from over 2.6 billion renovation measure combinations to minimize both target energy consumption and life-cycle costs over 20 years. The results show that air-to-water heat pump is more cost effective heating system for the studied building than district heating from the building owner point of view. Improving thermal insulation level of the external walls from the original level is not the most cost-effective option to improve the energy efficiency of the building. Instead of that, for example, installation of PV and solar thermal systems are recommended in all the cost-optimal solutions regardless of the target energy consumption level.

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Xie, Hao, Jing Wu, and Jibril Danazumi Jibril. "A Comparative Study of China and America's Building Life Cycle Cost Database Establishment." Advanced Materials Research 935 (May 2014): 106–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.935.106.

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Life Cycle Cost (LCC) theory and method have a very positive influence on popularizing energy-saving of green buildings technology and reducing buildings energy consumption. However, applying LCC method into the construction industry field must be based on adequate and accurate data. In establishing the cost database of building LCC, America walks in the forefront of the world. Although China's building LCC cost database has been rapidly developed in the past few years, there is still a large gap between China and the United States. By comparing and analysing the establishment of building LCC cost database of the two countries-United States and China, this article indicates the key issues should be solved to build and further improve the Chinese future building LCC cost database, as well as give some relevant advice.

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Cova, Sónia, Carlos Andrade, Orlando Soares, and Jorge Lopes. "EVALUATION OF COST-OPTIMAL RETROFIT INVESTMENT IN BUILDINGS: THE CASE OF BRAGANÇA FIRE STATION, PORTUGAL." International Journal of Strategic Property Management 25, no. 5 (July 8, 2021): 369–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/ijspm.2021.15082.

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Office buildings built before the entry into force of the first thermal regulation in 1991 constitute a relevant group for analysing the energy performance of the Portuguese building sector. A dynamic energy simulation was used to assess the energy performance of an existing office building located in the town of Bragança, Portugal. Four energy efficiency measures were selected and a financial evaluation through the internal rate of return (IRR) method was undertaken to choose the best retrofit option for improving the building’s energy performance. An investment package consisting of the roof insulation and a new equipment for the domestic hot water system presented an IRR higher than the discount rate used in the analysis, and, thus, a positive financial return. The results of the study also suggest that the EU’s comparative methodology framework is not particularly suitable for assessing building retrofit investment at the private investor’s perspective and further refinement in the cost-effective approach to renovations is needed to help stimulate building’s energy renovation market. Suggestions for further studies conducted for office buildings in the different climate zones in Portugal are also proposed.

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Shim, Jisoo, Doosam Song, and Joowook Kim. "The Economic Feasibility of Passive Houses in Korea." Sustainability 10, no. 10 (October 4, 2018): 3558. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10103558.

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The number of passive houses and zero-energy buildings being developed is increasing, as measures to reduce the rapidly increasing building energy consumption. While government building policies focus on energy savings, investors and the building market emphasize the initial investment cost. These conflicting perspectives obstruct the development of passive houses in the building market. In this study, a series of building energy analyses, including the effect of energy saving measures and economic information considering long-term economic benefit and incentives policy, will be presented. Analyses were performed on the energy-saving measures needed to improve the performance of single-family houses in Korea to that of the passive house standard, as well as the energy saving effect and increased cost. The application of energy saving measures for passive house implementation resulted in an additional cost of 1.85%–4.20% compared to the conventional reference house. In addition, the proposed passive house alternative shows a short payback period and life cycle cost (LCC) result, compared to a conventional building’s life cycle period. The possibility of passive house implementation is high, and developing the passive house is affordable for the investor or end user in Korea.

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Fahruddin, Fahirah, Donny M. Mangitung, and Andi Rizal. "Identification of Damage Level and Cost Estimate of Building Maintenance of Elementary School." MATEC Web of Conferences 331 (2020): 01005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202033101005.

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The damage of the buildings is a sure thing to happen, in the planning period, implementation until the time of its used. To maintain the reliability of the building and facilities of infrastructure so that the building is always functional, then the building maintenance is done. Cleaning, weeding, testing, repair and / or replacement of building materials or equipment are included in the scope of building maintenance (preventive maintenance). The purpose of this research is to determine the level of damage and cost estimate of building maintenance of elementary school in North Morowali District. The research method used consisted of several stages, namely primary and secondary data collection. Primary data through direct survey to the location and interview with related parties. There are 5 (five) school buildings in North Morowali District. Data processing is done by calculating the damage quantity, the level of damage in the school buildings and cost estimate maintenance. Data analysis was used Descriptive Statistics. The results of the study identified the level of damage from 5 school buildings with an average of minor damage was 21. 26%. Cost estimate of maintenance needed so that the parties associated with the school building can do preventive maintenance activities and run the maintenance of the building based on school management well was IDR 484. 805. 296.

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Maroof, Anifowose Opeyemi, Ilias Said, and Radzi Ismail. "Factors affecting building security cost sustainability using PCA." Journal of Financial Management of Property and Construction 21, no. 1 (April 4, 2016): 21–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfmpc-08-2015-0032.

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Purpose – The purpose of this study is to evaluate built environment experts’ perception of factors affecting the building security cost for sustainable development. It examines the effects of building characteristics and protective measures on the cost of building security within the built environment. Design/methodology/approach – The study uses a quantitative research technique, using questionnaires to source relevant information from respondents. Of the 333 questionnaires administered, 293 usable responses were returned, giving an 88 per cent response rate. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) is used to examine the suitability of these data for factor analysis. Principal component analysis (PCA) is used to extract the factors. Findings – Components 1, 2 and 3 reflect concern for procurement of security devices, design process of security requirements and safety of life and property and fear of crime, respectively. The communalities represented by R2 are relatively strong across the variables. Aesthetics is significant with an R2 value of 0.71, which shows that this factor should be given due consideration when procuring building security devices. Also, height, location and use of building are significant with R2 values of 0.70, 0.63 and 0.71, respectively. These factors positively influence the building security cost and should be given due consideration when designing protective buildings. Practical implications – The findings would assist in the evaluation, planning and control of the rising cost of building security. Social implications – This study serves to sensitize built environment experts, criminologists and policymakers of the design implication of protective requirements of building security. Originality/value – This study provides empirical evidence that the various factors considered have an effect on the building security cost and contribute immensely towards sustainable the building security cost within the built environment.

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Altarabsheh, Ahmad, Ibrahim Altarabsheh, Sara Altarabsheh, Nisreen Rababaa, Ayat Smadi, and Doha Obeidat. "A Methodology for Energy Simulation of Risedential Buildings: A Case Study for Amman." Academic Perspective Procedia 1, no. 1 (November 9, 2018): 772–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.33793/acperpro.01.01.138.

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Green buildings have been gaining in popularity over the past few years in Jordan. This is attributed to environmental and financial reasons directly related to energy consumption and cost. Energy sector in Jordan faces two main challenges which are the fast growing of energy demand and the scarcity of resources to fulfill this demand. Green buildings can save energy by designing them as near Zero Energy Buildings, where they produce amount of energy almost equal the amount of energy they consume. In special cases green buildings can be designed as Net zero energy buildings, where they produce as much energy as they consume. Jordan government encourage people to adopt net zero green buildings by issuing the Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Law No. 13 of 2012, that allows selling excessive electricity to electricity companies. Despite these benefits of green buildings, they are not yet the norm in the building sector in Jordan. This can be attributed to the high construction cost of green building compared to traditional one. However, this may not be true if the whole life cycle cost of the building is considered, in which the cost not only include design and construction but also operation and maintenance as well. This paper aims to provide real life cycle cost analysis for a typical residential building in Jordan, and to search different effective building strategies and design scenarios that will lead to a successful near Zero Energy Building. The search will apply main green building strategies recommended for Jordan climatic zone. The outcome of this study is a list of best economically feasible design solutions and system selections that result in near Zero Energy Building in Jordan for residential buildings.

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Su, Dong Bin, Zhi Yong Nie, and Jing Yong Huang. "The Facade Style Research about Renovation of Public Building in City." Applied Mechanics and Materials 209-211 (October 2012): 114–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.209-211.114.

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In today’s China, with the development of economy, the urban construction is also very rapid. However, the high speed development has also created many problems. For example, the urban public building layout is unreasonable, the quality of public building is not high. Therefore, many public buildings will be a state of being removed. In order to lengthen the building’s life, Renovation of the building became the topic which the society pays attention together. The renovation of the building has many ways, Transform the building’s facade can change effectively the building’s image and the cost is low. Therefore this article sets up urban public building’s facade transformation to take the research aim, and put the focus to the architectural style.

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Burada, Cristian Oliviu, and Traian Cristian Demetrescu. "Historical Real Estate Valuation by Cost Approach." Applied Mechanics and Materials 880 (March 2018): 371–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.880.371.

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Compared to modern buildings, historical real estate features features that give them a special status: the architectural style of the epoch, the old materials or the built-in building methods, the high rehabilitation costs or the legal restrictions on their intervention. Therefore, in evaluating a historical real estate property, evaluators need to undertake additional, sometimes atypical, steps compared to assessing a modern property. Assessing a historical real estate property by cost has particularities that distinguish it from the assessment of a modern building.

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Ade, Rochelle, and Michael Rehm. "AT WHAT COST? AN ANALYSIS OF THE GREEN COST PREMIUM TO ACHIEVE 6-HOMESTAR IN NEW ZEALAND." Journal of Green Building 15, no. 2 (March 1, 2020): 131–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/1943-4618.15.2.131.

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ABSTRACT In the green building industry there is an implicit understanding that the use of a green building rating tool will attract additional capital cost. This phenomenon has been well studied in commercial buildings, with mixed results, but has received little focus in the residential, single family context. In New Zealand the local green building council advises the market that they have reduced the time and cost to implement their green building rating tool, Homestar, through modifications to version 4 of the rating tool, which include the use of a new 6-Homestar checklist. This research investigates this claim using a comparative cost methodology to determine the potential additional capital cost commitment that would be required to achieve a 6-Homestar certification, utilising ten standalone and terraced house designs from the Hobsonville Point development in Auckland, NZ. This research determines that there is an additional cost to achieve 6-Homestar of 3–5%. This is nearly double compared to previous research into Homestar and also finds that, for the houses reviewed, the use of the 6-Homestar checklist is less cost effective than other options. Therefore, in this instance the advice and guidance of the green building council is erroneous and misleading to the market.

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Lolli, Nicola, Anne Gunnarshaug Lien, and Øystein Rønneseth. "Cost Optimization of a Zero-Emission Office Building." Buildings 10, no. 12 (November 30, 2020): 222. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings10120222.

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The cost-effectiveness of energy efficiency measures meant to achieve a zero-emission office building is investigated and compared to business as usual energy efficiency measures. The laboratory for zero emission buildings, the ZEB Lab, located in Trondheim, Norway, is an office building designed and built to compensate its lifecycle emissions with the use of a large array of building-integrated photovoltaic panels, pursuing a zero-emissions ambition level. Three design alternatives are investigated by downgrading the building insulation level to the values recommended by the currently enforced Norwegian building code, the byggteknisk forskrift TEK17. A sensitivity analysis of the variation of the installed area of the photovoltaic panels is performed to evaluate if smaller areas give better cost performances. Net present values are calculated by using three scenarios of future increase of electricity price for a time horizon of 20 years. Results show that business as usual solutions give higher net present values. Optimized areas of the photovoltaic panels further increase the net present values of the business as usual solutions in the highest electricity price scenario. The zero-emission ambition level shows a higher net present value than that of the business as usual solutions for a time horizon of at least 36 years.

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Li, Zhixing, Paolo Vincenzo Genovese, and Yafei Zhao. "Study on Multi-Objective Optimization-Based Climate Responsive Design of Residential Building." Algorithms 13, no. 9 (September 21, 2020): 238. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/a13090238.

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This paper proposes an optimization process based on a parametric platform for building climate responsive design. Taking residential buildings in six typical American cities as examples, it proposes thermal environment comfort (Discomfort Hour, DH), building energy demand (BED) and building global cost (GC) as the objective functions for optimization. The design variables concern building orientation, envelope components, and window types, etc. The optimal solution is provided from two different perspectives of the public sector (energy saving optimal) and private households (cost-optimal) respectively. By comparing the optimization results with the performance indicators of the reference buildings in various cities, the outcome can give the precious indications to rebuild the U.S. residential buildings with a view to energy-efficiency and cost optimality depending on the location.

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Bahret, Christoph, and Ludger Eltrop. "Cost-Optimized Heat and Power Supply for Residential Buildings: The Cost-Reducing Effect of Forming Smart Energy Neighborhoods." Energies 14, no. 16 (August 18, 2021): 5093. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14165093.

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The Clean Energy for all Europeans Package by the EU aims, among other things, to enable collective self-consumption for various forms of energy. This step towards more prosumer-based and decentralized energy systems comes at a time when energy planning at a neighborhood scale is on the rise in many countries. It is widely assumed that—from a prosumer’s cost-perspective—shared conversion and storage technologies supplying more than a single building can be advantageous. However, it is not clear whether this is the case generally or only under certain conditions. By analyzing idealized building clusters at different degrees of urbanization (DOU), a linear-optimization approach is used to study the cost difference between shared energy infrastructure (smart energy neighborhoods, SENs) and individually planned buildings. This procedure is carried out for various emission reduction targets. The results show, that with higher emission reduction targets the advantage of SENs increases within rural environments and can reach up to 16%. Nevertheless, there are constellations in which the share of energetic infrastructure among buildings does not lead to any economic advantages. For example, in the case of building clusters with less than four buildings, almost no cost advantage is found. The result of this study underlines the importance of energy system planning within the process of urban planning.

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Loukaidou, K., A. Michopoulos, and Th Zachariadis. "Nearly-zero Energy Buildings: Cost-optimal Analysis of Building Envelope Characteristics." Procedia Environmental Sciences 38 (2017): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proenv.2017.03.069.

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Pikas, E., M. Thalfeldt, and J. Kurnitski. "Cost optimal and nearly zero energy building solutions for office buildings." Energy and Buildings 74 (May 2014): 30–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2014.01.039.

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Judkoff, Ron. "Increasing Building Energy Efficiency Through Advances in Materials." MRS Bulletin 33, no. 4 (April 2008): 449–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs2008.88.

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AbstractMaterials advances could help to reduce the energy and environmental impacts of buildings. Globally, buildings use about 20% of primary energy and account for 20% of atmospheric emissions. Building energy consumption emanates from a variety of sources, some of which are related to the building envelope or fabric, some to the equipment in the building, and some to both. Opportunities for reducing energy use in buildings through innovative materials are therefore numerous, but there is no one system, component, or material whose improvement alone can solve the building energy problem. Many of the loads in a building are interactive, and this complicates cost/benefit analysis for new materials, components, and systems. Moreover, components and materials for buildings must meet stringent durability and cost/performance criteria to last the long service lifetimes of buildings and compete successfully in the marketplace.

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Breesch, Hilde, Barbara Wauman, and Marcus Peeters. "Determination of the most influential and cost-optimal building characteristics on the energy performance of commercial and industrial buildings." E3S Web of Conferences 111 (2019): 03030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911103030.

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Unlike other types of buildings, commercial and industrial buildings have been so far “forgotten”. In addition, EPBD requirements are increasingly challenging for this type of buildings. This paper aims to identify the most building determinants of the energy performance of commercial and industrial buildings, focussing on the building envelope. Building energy simulations (BES) in TRNSYS are used to simulate the energy demand for heating and cooling in five building variants. The Pareto optimality approach that considers the economic and energetic objectives equally, is used to determine the cost-optimal solutions. The sensitivity analysis and cost-optimal study clearly reveal that airtightness seems to be the most important factor. Although heat recovery on a balanced mechanical ventilation system has a major impact on the energy demand for heating, this measure is not cost-optimal. The large impact of the U-value of the roof on the energy demand for heating is also reflected in the cost-optimal study. The insulation of the floor do not appear to be cost-optimal. Moreover, attention to construction detailing is important. The additional energy losses that can occur due to thermal bridges quickly reach significant values although solving the thermal bridges seems not to be cost-optimal.

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Todor, Raluca Dania, Mircea Horne Horneț, and Nicolae Fani Iordan. "Implementing the Life Cycle Cost Analysis in a Building Design." Advanced Engineering Forum 21 (March 2017): 581–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.21.581.

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In the context of increasing concerns for sustainable development new comprehensive methods are developed by builders and architects in order to reduce the environmental impact of buildings. Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) is one of these methods, perhaps the most functional one for the evaluation process. Using this LCCA contributes to the integration of the design process and helps identify opportunities for energy efficiency, such as appropriate zoning, natural lighting and design optimization of heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC). It also helps in finding the best solutions for reducing overall costs. LCCA is very little known in Romania and quasi unused practice for building design and for this reason the present paper contains a broad overview of the methodology and it’s uses highlighting its main advantages and a case study of the building design intended for laboratory research. The analyzed building is one of the 12 identical buildings of Transilvania University Research and Development Institute from Brasov.

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Noriega Morales, S., A. Valles Chávez, V. Torres-Argüelles, M. Castillo Venegas, A. H. Gómez, D. Alaniz-Lumbreras, and V. Castaño Meneses. "Cost-effective thermal-insulating building materials." Materiali in tehnologije 54, no. 4 (July 22, 2020): 439–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.17222/mit.2019.100.

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Zhang, Zhao. "Building Equipment Life Cycle Cost Studies." Advanced Materials Research 250-253 (May 2011): 3702–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.250-253.3702.

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The summary of building equipment life cycle cost of the meaning and detailed analysis of the life cycle cost of building equipment, and the establishment of the life cycle cost of building equipment, all the models. An engineering example life cycle cost of building equipment, the analysis shows that the whole life cycle cost method of building equipment and analysis of the scheme to reduce the cost of system, to enhance the system provided on the economy.

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Kurth, Helmut, Karl Heinz Winter, and Vaclav Pospíchal. "Building Condition Record and Cost Estimation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 796 (October 2015): 137–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.796.137.

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Many planners and clients (prospective building owners) are not sufficiently prepared for the building renovation. This reorientation calls for new means of help and abilities. A special importance belongs in this respect to the rating of the existing building substance (building stock). A sufficient reason to develop a new method for this purpose deliberately. The Rough Diagnosis of the building provides the picture of the building condition and of the costs for the repair of defects. The division of the building into Rough Diagnosis Elements improves the overview of the building condition and suggestions for measures. These measures can be compared in a transparent manner and related to individual stages. These pieces of knowledge facilitate the clear guidelines for project elaboration and costs, cut out according to needs and possibilities of the customer.

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Santos, Tayna Ferreira, and Vitor Hugo Ferreira. "Building a Low-Cost Weather Station." IEEE Potentials 39, no. 5 (September 2020): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mpot.2018.2869918.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Building Cost'

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