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1
Kumar, Bimal. "Knowledge processing for structural design." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.329496.
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Rafiq, M. Y. "Artificial intelligence techniques for the structural design of buildings." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.382446.
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Logan, Brian S. "The structure of design problems." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.238428.
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Blandford, Ann. "Design, decisions and dialogue." Thesis, Open University, 1991. http://oro.open.ac.uk/57316/.
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This thesis presents a design for an Intelligent Educational System to support the teaching of design evaluation in engineering. The design consists of a simple computerbased tool (or 'learning environment') for displaying and manipulating infonnation used in the course of problem solving, with a separate dialogue component capable of discussing aspects of the problem and of the problem solving strategy with the user. Many of the novel features of the design have been incorporated in a prototype system called WOMBAT. The main focus of this research has been on the design of the dialogue component. The design of the dialogue component is based on ideas taken from recent work on rational agency. The dialogue component has expertise in engaging in dialogues which support collaborative problem solving (involving system and user) in domains characterised as justified beliefs. It is capable of negotiating about what to do next and about what beliefs to take into account in problem solving. The system acquires problem-related beliefs by applying a simple plausible reasoning mechanism to a database of possible beliefs. The dialogue proceeds by turn-taking in which the current speaker constructs their chosen utterance (which may consist of several propositions and questions) and explicitly indicates when they have finished. When it is the system's turn to make an utterance, it decides what to say based on its beliefs about the current situation and on the likely utility of the various possible responses which it considers appropriate in the circumstances. Two aspects of the problem solving have been fully implemented. These are the discussion about what criteria a decision should be based on and the discussion about what decision step should be taken next. The system's contributions to the interaction are opportunistic, in the sense that at a dialogue level the system does not try to plan beyond the current utterance, and at a problem solving level it does not plan beyond the next action. The results of a formative evaluation of WOMBAT, in which it was exposed to a number of engineering educators, indicate that it is capable of engaging in a coherent dialogue, and that the dialogue is seen to have a pedagogical purpose. Although the approach of reasoning about the next action opportunistically has not proved adequate at a problem solving level, at a dialogue level it yields good results.
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Tan, Sun Teck. "A framework for conditional and iterative planning, team design and execution monitoring." Thesis, University of Essex, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.328468.
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Gaudl, Swen. "Building robust real-time game AI : simplifying & automating integral process steps in multi-platform design." Thesis, University of Bath, 2016. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.698997.
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Digital games are part of our culture and have gained significant attention over the last decade. The growing capabilities of home computers, gaming consoles and mobile phones allow current games to visualise 3D virtual worlds, photo-realistic characters and the inclusion of complex physical simulations. The growing computational power of those devices enables the usage of complex algorithms while visualising data. Therefore, opportunities arise for developers of interactive products such as digital games which introduce new, challenging and exciting elements to the next generation of highly interactive software systems. Two of those challenges, which current systems do not address adequately, are design support for creating Intelligent Virtual Agents and more believable non-player characters for immersive game-play. We start in this thesis by addressing the agent design support first and then extend the research, addressing the second challenge. The main contributions of this thesis are: - The POSH-SHARP system is a framework for the development of game agents. The platform is modular, extendable, offers multi-platform support and advanced software development features such as behaviour inspection and behaviour versioning. The framework additionally integrates an advanced information exchange mechanism supporting loose behaviour coupling. - The Agile behaviour design methodology integrates agile software development and agent design. To guide users, the approach presents a work-flow for agent design and guiding heuristics for their development. - The action selection augmentation ERGo introduces a "white-box" solution to altering existing agent frameworks, making their agents less deterministic. It augments selected behaviours with a bio-mimetic memory to track and adjust their activation over time. With the new approach to agent design, the development of "deepagent" behaviour for digital adversaries and advanced tools supporting their design is given. Such mechanisms should enable developers to build robust non-player characters that act more human-like in an efficient and robust manner. Within this thesis, different strategies are identified to support the design of agents in a more robust manner and to guide developers. These discussed mechanisms are then evolved to develop and design Intelligent Virtual Agents. Because humans are still the best measurement for human-likeness, the evolutionary cycle involves feedback given by human players.
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Lau, Tak-bun Denvid. "Use of advanced composite materials for innovative building design solutions/." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/53110.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2009.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaves 90-98).<br>Advanced composite materials become popular in construction industry for the innovative building design solutions including strengthening and retrofitting of existing structures. The interface between different materials is a key issue of such design solutions as the structural integrity relies much on the bond. Knowledge on durability of concrete/epoxy interface is becoming essential as the use of these systems in applications such as FRP strengthening and retrofitting of concrete structures is becoming increasingly popular. Prior research studies in this area have indicated that moisture affected debonding in a FRP-bonded concrete system is a complex phenomenon that may often involve a distinctive dry-to-wet debonding mode shift from material decohesion (concrete delamination) to interface separation (concrete/epoxy interface) in which concrete/epoxy interface becomes the critical region of failure. Such premature failures may occur regardless of the durability of the individual constituent materials forming the material systems. Thus, the durability of FRP-bonded concrete is governed by the microstructure of the concrete/epoxy interface as affected by moisture ingress. In this work, fracture toughness of concrete/epoxy interfaces as affected by combinations of various degrees of moisture ingress and temperature levels is quantified. For this purpose, sandwich beam specimens containing concrete/epoxy interfaces are tested and analyzed using the concepts of fracture mechanics.<br>(cont.) Experimental results have shown a significant decrease in the interfacial fracture toughness of concrete/epoxy bond with selected levels of moisture and temperature conditioning of the specimens. The strength of adhesive joint degrades as implied by the failure mode shift from concrete decohesion in controlled specimens to interface separation in conditioned specimens. In this thesis, primary data on the mixed mode fracture toughness of concrete/epoxy interfaces are presented as a basis for use in the design improvement of material systems containing such interfaces for better system durability, and issues related to the structural implications are also discussed.<br>by Tak Bun Denvid Lau.<br>S.M.
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Hand, Jon William. "Removing barriers to the use of simulation in the building design professions." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366771.
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Li, Beidi. "Use of Building Energy Simulation Software in Early-Stage of Design Process." Thesis, KTH, Byggvetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-217902.
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In traditional planning process, energy analysts work on finalized architectural designs and have limited capability to amend inefficient energy features such as high aspect ratio. Energy efficiency being a major part of sustainable design, the need for performance-oriented design tools has become imminent. There is a wide range of energy simulation tools across the world. Crawley et al. (2005) proposes a plain comparison of the most common ones based on vendor-supplied information. The present report aims to identify simulation tools that can help architects making energy-efficient design decisions in early stage of building process and the most suitable programs will be tested on a standard case in Stockholm area with respect to their architecture, functionalities, usability and limitations.
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Santana, Maria Elena, and n/a. "Eco-efficient timber use through bio-sensitive design." University of Canberra. Architecture and Building, 1998. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20061107.164347.
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A significant number of building materials are based on wood. Wood
competes with other materials and products for many building applications
from structural framing to cladding. Wood appears to be preferable because
of its aesthetic and structural properties, its versatility, economic cost and
environmental benefits. However, timber wastage within the construction
industry is incalculable. Waste occurs at all stages of the timber resource
stream: procurement, conversion, installation, use, maintenance, dismantling
and eventual disposal. Much of this loss can be avoided through eco-design
strategies based on a better understanding of the total resource flows.
This thesis addresses the ecological implications associated with the use and
over-exploitation of timber in building construction. Applying bio-sensitive
design principles and using a life cycle approach, the thesis examines ways
of maximising timber resource yield through appropriate materials selection,
design strategies and construction techniques to reduce their ecological
footprint.
Finally, an easy-to-use guide that incorporates economic and aesthetic-value
criteria to the analysis is developed. The guide is aimed to offer a flexible
decision-support tool that enables designers and other people involved in the
construction industry to comprehend in a systematic way, the multiple
dimensions interacting when selecting timber-building products. It is thus,
intended to explore in practice the implications and trade-offs of state of the
art timber products with the ultimate aim of integrating the ecological
dimension to the decision-making process.
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Gomez-Lara, Maria del Lourdes. "The Use of Axiomatic Design in the Development of an Integrated, BIM Based Design Process." Digital WPI, 2016. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-dissertations/238.
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Traditionally in the Architectural / Engineering / Construction industry, the design and construction phases are conducted by multiple professional and trade disciplines having minimum interaction among them along a rather sequential process. These parties bring their different objectives to the project that are not necessarily aligned with the overall project objectives. Design professionals do not necessarily work together giving little or no consideration for the requirements or constraints of subsequent functions such as construction and operation and maintenance of the facility. Design documentation that communicates the design intent to the builder, contains errors and inconsistencies, are incomplete or are simply difficult to read. This results in poor designs that have to be changed or modified during the construction phase and even during the long-term facility operation, thus increasing total cost and time of execution. It has been established that the decisions made at early stages of the design process have the highest impact on the project lifecycle cost and facility performance. For that reason, new project delivery systems, software tools and lean principles have emerged in the industry enhancing collaboration among project participants and reducing the existing gap between the design and construction phases. The increased use of Building Information Modeling (BIM) allows project participants to generate, manage and share information through a 3D digital model to better collaborate, communicate and understand the design intent. Still, design and construction professionals do not necessarily share their models and collaborate in an integrated fashion to accrue the benefits of an early involvement during design. This research uses the Axiomatic Design (AD) methodology to analyze some essential aspects of the design process to propose an improved process that seeks to produce better designs by adding value and reducing waste. Axiomatic Design is a systems design methodology using matrix methods to systematically analyze the transformation of customer needs into functional requirements, design parameters, and process variables. In AD, design principles or design Axioms govern the analysis and decision making process to develop high quality product or system designs. This research proposes an integrated, BIM-based design approach embracing compliance with the two AD axioms. Axiom one, the Independence axiom, seeks to maintain the design adjustable and controllable, and implements lean principles, BIM processes and tools following the concepts established by a BIM Project Execution Plan. Computer simulation techniques, the development of metrics and the calculation of Axiom two, the Information Axiom, are used to assess the benefits of an improved process.
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Gros, Ellinor. "Amasonen : A Design Proposal for a Mixed-Use Building with Integrated Solar Cells." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-69617.
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With the growing energy consumption in the world today, the decreasing amount of fossil fuels and their negative impact on the environment, developments and greater use of renewable energy resources is crucial. One of the promising environmentally friendly energy resources is solar power. The technology for producing electricity from the use of solar cells is continuously developing and is growing on the market. The objective of this master thesis is to illustrate how solar panels can be integrated into a building’s design, and what value this gives to the building. The purpose is also to give an indication of whether an integrated solar panel installation is profitable, and what is required for more building developers to invest in solar power. A study on solar cells was conducted to gain knowledge of the different types of solar cells and systems and their possible integration into buildings. The study also included research on why solar cell installations are not more common today. Case Studies were also conducted on projects with integrated solar cells. This was done to gain an understanding of how solar panels can be used as design elements. The study was done as a systematic literature study through a qualitative method. City and site analyses were carried out as a first step in the design process. The analyses focused on the movements, green spaces, climates, functions and architectural character of the city and site. The analyses were done to attain an impression of the environment the building would be placed in, and its requisites. These analyses were followed by volume and solar studies to come up with a building design that would fulfill the requirements of the client, while creating good areas for placement of the solar panels. The master thesis resulted in a design proposal for a mixed-use building with integrated solar cells. The resulting two buildings are located in the outskirts of the city center of Linköping. The buildings are designed to interact with the surrounding buildings and the remaining city, while at the same time bringing something new and exciting to the mix. The buildings’ placement and height were decided by the combination of the movement of the sun over the plot, so as to create good areas for the solar panels, and the requisites of the site. The integrated solar panels are placed on the roofs and facades of the buildings. The possibilities of semitransparent solar cells in windows and glass railings is also examined. The solar panels on the roof consist of solar roof tiles and are placed on the east side of the north building’s roof and the west side of the south building’s roof. These tiles have matching roof tiles without solar cells inside, on the other side of the roofs, meaning that no difference can be seen between the two sides. The façade panels are placed to cover the entire protruding stairwells of the buildings. Panels are also placed on remaining parts of the south-east and south-west facing facades but are here placed in a pattern as though they are trickling down the walls. The panels are placed to avoid shade as shading of the panels reduces their effect. The solar cells are smooth, black, thin-film solar cells and the panels have matching glass panes that are placed were the design opted for panels, but the placement was not good out of a solar irradiation perspective. The results of the rough calculations on the project’s solar panel installation’s profitability shows that the investment would have a payback time of approximately 15 years. This, when counting in a government support of 1.2 million kroners and the reduced cost for the building cover material that the solar panels replace. The solar panels in the design proposal are not in standard sizes. Would they have been so the investment cost would have been lower and the payback time, according to the rough calculations, would be around 10 years. The produced electricity constitutes around 60 percent of the operational electricity for the buildings. If semitransparent solar cells are included the value goes up to 80 percent. Although the produced electricity does not cover the complete electricity needs of the buildings, it still reduces the amount of bought electricity. Electricity that would most likely not come from a renewable source. The conclusion is, therefore, that an integrated solar cell installation is economically profitable. The solar panels contribute both the aesthetics of the building and building functions, as well as electricity from a renewable source. Investing in a solar cell installation also sets a good example and will lead to more investors taking a chance on solar power. Getting more building developers to invest in solar cells systems can be done by increasing the, today lacking, knowledge of solar energy and solar cells, the process for designing and installing a solar cell system, as well as the laws regarding solar power and solar power investments. Another obstacle for solar power is the high costs of the installations. The prices on solar cells are, however, continuously dropping, because of the development in technology and the manufacturing process, as well as the growing number of manufacturers. To increase the speed of this process more building developers should invest in solar cells, as a higher demand will lead to more manufacturers, which will then lead to reduced prices. The government can also help by offering research support and for example tax subventions to make an investment in solar power seem more worthwhile.
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Smith, Edward Jerome. "Preliminary design of a lateral load resisting system for a multi- use high-rise building." Master's thesis, This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-03302010-020200/.
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Viar, Kristin D. "Rural vernacular building tradition: the design, construction, and use of springhouses in Montgomery County, Virginia." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/41999.
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Harty, Christopher Francis. "System building without system builders : the implementation and use of 3d CAD technologies in construction design." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.440382.
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Sierra, Pérez Jorge. "The introduction of eco-design for promoting the use of eco-materials: the cork as building material." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/400141.
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El corcho es un material natural, renovable y concentrado en el área Mediterránea, principalmente en la Península Ibérica, donde también se concentra la actividad de extracción del material. El corcho se extrae de una forma sostenible de la corteza del alcornoque sin dañar al árbol ni afectando su biodiversidad. La principal aplicación del corcho es como tapón para botellas de vino y cava. Este trabajo ha tomado el testigo de un estudio anterior sobre el sector catalán del corcho llevado a cabo para analizar los diferentes sistemas y subsistemas del sector desde una perspectiva ambiental. Este estudio destacó la necesidad de investigar en la diversificación de los productos de corcho, dando un mayor valor añadido al recurso, evitando la concentración excesiva del mercado del corcho en los productos del mercado vitivinícola. Este ha sido el principal objetivo de este trabajo, promoviendo su uso en el sector de la. Esta tesis se apoya en diferentes estudios específicos relacionados con la caracterización económica del sector ibérico del corcho, la evaluación ambiental de los actuales sistemas de aislamiento en edificios y mediante la introducción de los métodos de ecodiseño con el objetivo de la diversificación del mercado del corcho.
La caracterización del sector ibérico del corcho identificó importantes diferencias entre los sectores de Portugal, España y Cataluña. Los primeros son principalmente productores y procesadores de materia prima, siendo líderes mundiales, y en el caso de Portugal con una potente industria. Mientras tanto, el sector español está centrado en la materia prima y productos básicos de corcho con un bajo o intermedio valor. Por otra parte, el sector de la construcción fue identificado como un mercado potencial en el que promover el corcho como material a través del ecodiseño de nuevos productos.
El Análisis del Ciclo de Vida (ACV) es un método de ecodiseño utilizado para la evaluación de los impactos ambientales de productos y servicios a lo largo de su ciclo de vida. Este método fue utilizado para evaluar los actuales productos aislantes de corcho para la construcción, así como para analizar ambientalmente los materiales aislantes y las soluciones constructivas más utilizados. Los resultados concluyeron que las actuales soluciones aislantes de corcho no se ajustan a los requisitos para competir con los materiales aislantes comunes, porque generan mayores impactos ambientales. Por lo tanto, el uso del corcho como material natural y renovable no necesariamente implica un mejor desempeño ambiental de los edificios. Sin embargo, si se mejorasen los procesos de fabricación de estos productos a través de la ecoinnovación, se podrían conseguir productos más eficientes, mejorando su competitividad en el mercado. Además, la integración de la metodología ACV con simulaciones térmicas dinámicas es presentada en este trabajo evaluando la rehabilitación de un edificio existente para el ahorro energético. Esta integración se consideró útil para la caracterización energética de edificios y permite obtener resultados más realistas.
Finalmente se llevó a cabo un proceso de ecoideación para generar nuevos conceptos de producto. La versatilidad del corcho encajó perfectamente con los métodos creativos utilizados, debido a la singular combinación de sus propiedades. Algunas de ellas, como su capacidad portante, su permeabilidad al vapor de agua y su ligereza, originaron los conceptos más interesantes, enfocados en la minimización del uso de materiales en los sistemas de aislamiento térmico o en el tratamiento de humedades. Además se destacó la singular estética del corcho para dotar al edificio de un aspecto único. Este trabajo ha llegado a la conclusión de la gran conveniencia y posibilidades del corcho para uso en los edificios, y además de la idoneidad del concepto del ciclo de vida en la metodología interdisciplinar propuesta.<br>Cork is a natural, renewable material, typically concentrated in Mediterranean areas. The cork oak forests are mainly located in the Iberian Peninsula, and, therefore, where the most cork extraction activity is located. Cork is sustainability extracted from cork oak outer bark without damaging the tree or affecting biodiversity. The main current application of cork is as closure for wine and champagne bottles. The present dissertation has taken up the baton of a previous study about the Catalan cork sector carried out to analyse different system and subsystems of the sector from an environmental approach. That study highlighted the need of investigation in new field: diversification of cork products, giving more added value to the resource, and avoiding the excessive concentration of cork sector applications in wine markets.
The main objective of this dissertation was to address the diversification of cork sector, promoting its use in the building sector through the use of an interdisciplinary methodology framework from an environmental approach. This thesis was supported by several specific studies related to the economic characterization of the Iberian cork sector, the environmental assessment of current system for building insulation and the introduction of eco-design methods for the diversification of cork market.
The characterization of the Iberian cork sector identified important differences between Portuguese, Spanish and Catalan sectors. The formers are producers and processors of raw cork, acting as leader in the global market, and in the case of Portugal acting as a very powerful industry. Meanwhile, Spain sector is focussed on raw material and low intermediate basic cork products. Moreover, the building sector was identified as potential market on which promote cork material through the eco-design of new products.
Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) is an eco-design method used to assess the environmental impacts of products and systems throughout their life. This method was used to assess the current cork insulation product for buildings, and also the most common insulation materials and constructive solution on which could be installed. Results concluded that currently cork solutions did not fit the requirements to compete with the most common insulation materials, because caused more environmental impacts. So, the use of cork as a natural and renewable insulation material did not necessarily imply a better environmental performance in buildings. However, if manufacturing processes improve thanks to processes eco-innovation, this solution should be more efficient and can reach a better competitiveness of the product in the market. Moreover, the integration of LCA methodology with Thermal Dynamic simulation was also presented in this dissertation, to evaluate the energy saving renovation of an existing building. This integration was identified as suitable in the energy characterization of buildings and allowed obtaining more realistic results.
Once the initial situation was analysed, an eco-ideation process was carried out to generate new concepts of products, and the versatility of cork fitted perfectly with the creative methods used, due to the singular combination of cork properties. Some specific physical characteristics of cork, self-supporting, water vapour permeability and lightness, originated the most interesting concepts focused on the minimisation of materials use in the internal insulation systems or the treatment of moisture, in addition giving to the building a unique aspect due to the singular aesthetic of cork.
This dissertation has concluded the great convenience and possibilities of cork for its use in buildings, and the suitability of the life cycle thinking in the proposed interdisciplinary methodology.
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Boozula, Aravind Reddy. "Use of Bio-Product/Phase Change Material Composites in the Building Envelope for Building Thermal Control and Energy Savings." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2008. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1248391/.
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This research investigates the bio-products/phase change material (PCM) composites for the building envelope application. Bio-products, such as wood and herb, are porous medium, which can be applied in the building envelope for thermal insulation purpose. PCM is infiltrated into the bio-product (porous medium) to form a composite material. The PCM can absorb/release large amount of latent heat of fusion from/to the building environment during the melting/solidification process. Hence, the PCM-based composite material in the building envelope can efficiently adjust the building interior temperature by utilizing the phase change process, which improves the thermal insulation, and therefore, reduces the load on the HVAC system. Paraffin wax was considered as the PCM in the current studies. The building energy savings were investigated by comparing the composite building envelope material with the conventional material in a unique Zero-Energy (ZØE) Research Lab building at University of North Texas (UNT) through building energy simulation programs (i.e., eQUEST and EnergyPlus). The exact climatic conditions of the local area (Denton, Texas) were used as the input values in the simulations. It was found that the EnergyPlus building simulation program was more suitable for the PCM based building envelope using the latent heat property. Therefore, based on the EnergyPlus simulations, when the conventional structure insulated panel (SIP) in the roof and wall structures were replaced by the herb panel or herb/PCM composite, it was found that around 16.0% of energy savings in heating load and 11.0% in cooling load were obtained by using PCM in the bio-product porous medium.
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Boozula, Aravind Reddy. "Use of Bio-Product/Phase Change Material Composite in the Building Envelope for Building Thermal Control and Energy Savings." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2018. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1248391/.
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This research investigates the bio-products/phase change material (PCM) composites for the building envelope application. Bio-products, such as wood and herb, are porous medium, which can be applied in the building envelope for thermal insulation purpose. PCM is infiltrated into the bio-product (porous medium) to form a composite material. The PCM can absorb/release large amount of latent heat of fusion from/to the building environment during the melting/solidification process. Hence, the PCM-based composite material in the building envelope can efficiently adjust the building interior temperature by utilizing the phase change process, which improves the thermal insulation, and therefore, reduces the load on the HVAC system. Paraffin wax was considered as the PCM in the current studies. The building energy savings were investigated by comparing the composite building envelope material with the conventional material in a unique Zero-Energy (ZØE) Research Lab building at University of North Texas (UNT) through building energy simulation programs (i.e., eQUEST and EnergyPlus). The exact climatic conditions of the local area (Denton, Texas) were used as the input values in the simulations. It was found that the EnergyPlus building simulation program was more suitable for the PCM based building envelope using the latent heat property. Therefore, based on the EnergyPlus simulations, when the conventional structure insulated panel (SIP) in the roof and wall structures were replaced by the herb panel or herb/PCM composite, it was found that around 16.0% of energy savings in heating load and 11.0% in cooling load were obtained by using PCM in the bio-product porous medium.
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Chance, Shannon Massie. "University leadership in energy and environmental design: How postsecondary institutions use the LEED® green building rating system." W&M ScholarWorks, 2010. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1550154037.
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Bacon, Kevin L. Jr. "Terra fluxus urban design in the wake of deindustrialization /." Thesis, Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/24723.
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Torres, Roberto Hernando. "The economic implications of using planning guidelines in the design of sites and services projects /." Thesis, McGill University, 1990. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=59914.
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Economic efficiency has traditionally been the major consideration while planning sites and services projects. But, in addition to economic considerations, equal stress needs to be given to social, cultural, and environmental factors. With these concerns in mind, the Centre for Minimum Cost Housing at McGill University has developed a set of planning guidelines for the design of sites and services projects in the Indian context. This thesis assesses the physical and economic implications of using this set of planning guidelines. Following these, four alternative layouts were prepared and evaluated through graphic and quantitative methods of analysis for their land-use and infrastructure efficiency. The study shows that the use of these planning guidelines can significantly improve land-use efficiency and the environmental quality of sites and services projects and still be at par with the economic performance of conventional planning.
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Tettey, Uniben Yao Ayikoe. "Primary energy use of residential buildings : implications of materials, modelling and design approaches." Doctoral thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för byggd miljö och energiteknik (BET), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-61470.
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Buildings can play an essential role in the transition to a sustainable society. Different strategies, including improved energy efficiency in buildings, substitution of carbon intensive materials and fuels, efficient energy supply among others can be employed for this purpose. In this thesis, the implications of different insulation materials, modelling and design strategies on primary energy use of residential buildings are studied using life cycle and system perspective. Specifically, the effects of different insulation materials on production primary energy and CO2 emission of buildings with different energy performance are analysed. The results show that application of extra insulation materials to building envelope components reduces the operating primary energy use but more primary energy is required for the insulation material production. This also slightly increases the CO2 emissions from material production. The increases in primary energy use and CO2 emissions are mainly due to the variations in the quantities, types and manufacturing processes of the insulation materials. Thus, choice of renewable based materials with energy efficient manufacturing is important to reduce primary energy use and GHG emissions for building material production. Uncertainties related to building modelling input parameters and assumptions and how they influence energy balance calculations of residential buildings are explored. The implications on energy savings of different energy efficiency measures are also studied. The results show that input data and assumptions used for energy balance simulations of buildings vary widely in the Swedish context giving significant differences in calculated energy demand for buildings. Among the considered parameters, indoor air temperature, internal heat gains and efficiency of ventilation heat recovery (VHR) have significant impacts on the simulated building energy performance as well as on the energy efficiency measures. The impact of parameter interactions on calculated space heating of buildings is rather small but increases with more parameter combinations and more energy efficient buildings. Detailed energy characterisation of household equipment and technical installations used in a building is essential to accurately calculate the energy demand, particularly for a low energy building. The design and construction of new buildings present many possibilities to minimise both heating and cooling demands over the lifecycle of buildings, and also in the context of climate change. Various design strategies and measures are analysed for buildings with different energy performance under different climate scenarios. These include household equipment and technical installations based on best available technology, bypassing the VHR unit, solar shading of windows, combinations of window u- and g-values, different proportions of glazed window areas and façade orientations and mechanical cooling. The results show that space heating and cooling demands vary significantly with the energy performance of buildings as well as climate scenarios. Space heating demand decreases while space cooling demand and the risk of overheating increase considerably with warmer climate. The space cooling demand and overheating risk are more significant for buildings with higher energy performance. Significant reductions are achieved in the operation final energy demands and overheating is avoided or greatly reduced when different design strategies and measures are implemented cumulatively under different climate change scenarios. The primary energy efficiency of heat supply systems depends on the heat production technology and type of fuel use. Analysis of the interaction between different design strategies and heat supply options shows that the combination of design strategies giving the lowest primary energy use for space heating and cooling varies between heat supply from district heating with combined heat and power (CHP) and heat only boilers (HOB). The primary energy use for space heating is significantly lower when the heat supply is from CHP rather than HOB. Operation primary energy use is significantly reduced with slight increase in production primary energy when the design strategies are implemented. The results suggest that significant primary energy reductions are achievable under climate change, if new buildings are designed with appropriate strategies.
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Al-Shawabkeh, Rami. "The role of sustainable urban design principles in delivering high density mixed use schemes in Jordan : using Amman as a case study." Thesis, University of Brighton, 2015. https://research.brighton.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/35e734bb-741a-4b0d-8a5c-ea72231d19e3.
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This research is about the role of sustainable urban design principles in delivering high density mixed use schemes in Amman. It builds on previous work developed in the 2010 Amman Master Plan to propose, a first for the city, sustainable high density mixed use (HDMU) development in three distinct geographical areas in the city. High density mixed use developments conceived as part of the master plan is a new approach for the city of Amman and for Jordan.
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Hamilton, Vicki Gottleber. "A mixed-use building for Washington D.C.'s Pennsylvania Avenue development area: diversity and urbanity as a design problem." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/53073.
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Guan, Rui, and 关锐. "Limitation of building controls on the architectural design based on domestic and non-domestic use of buildings in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B47179569.
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Many contemporary building codes are written based on building occupancy classifications. However, with the abundance of multiplexes and highly efficient communication through advanced technology today, this principle of classification of buildings through specific use in building code-writing may cause problems in building controls. This is especially true when the trend of modern and future building occupancy is towards flexible, mixed, and transferable uses with non-distinction between working and habitation.
In the highly dense urban environment and under current Hong Kong building regulation controls, all buildings are classified for domestic or non-domestic use, which imposes control barriers to any mixed-use, merged-use or adaptive re-functioned buildings. Furthermore, the local profit-oriented real estate market always pushes the architectural design of buildings to follow the control regulations tightly. Thus, innovations are limited and usually sacrificed for the maximization of development potential in terms of economy and quality only.
This research investigates the relationship between building controls and the architectural design of buildings in Hong Kong, with a focus on the impact that building codes have imposed on the architectural design of buildings through its occupancy-based categorization of domestic or non-domestic use. It also aims to open a fresh look at the control of buildings in a high density environment.
By reviewing the origin of building laws and basic principles of building code creation, the research takes a comprehensive study with focus on four building sub-control aspects: building density, building safety, building environmental health and building sustainable designs. Case-studies, literature reviews, interviews, surveys and data analysis, and correlation analysis are used. To explore the effect of categorization of buildings, relevant professional terms and their significance also are addressed and studied.
Through various findings, this research uncovers the relationship between building controls and architectural design of buildings in Hong Kong. Results from sub-control aspects are concluded and compared. The key sub-control aspect of building density control and its control variables are identified, analyzed and re-evaluated. Comparative cases from international cities with similar environmental contexts are studied and applicable references are made.
In brief, this research provides an original perspective and approach in the field of study of building controls that related to the architectural design of buildings. It also establishes a refreshing base to understand different practical design-control issues. Moreover, some progressive and holistic recommendations in future policy makings and code writings of building control are advised.<br>published_or_final_version<br>Architecture<br>Doctoral<br>Doctor of Philosophy
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Yoon, Choon Sup. "A housing information service : a systematic approach towards the effective use of structured building appraisals in the design of new housing." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/24450.
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Miri, Ehsan Mohammadzadeh. "Ecological building design : a proof of concept and identifying the factors which deter the use of Iranian vernacular principles in modern architecture." Thesis, London South Bank University, 2016. http://researchopen.lsbu.ac.uk/1242/.
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Previous research has shown that there is a strong link between people, buildings and climate: the building sector contributes up to 30 per cent of global annual greenhouse gas emissions and consumes up to 40 per cent of all energy. Most 20th-century buildings in the world are currently reliant on electro-mechanical cooling systems. Researchers and scholars have studied and analysed the sustainability issues in architecture casting light from different perspectives. However, such studies have seldom paid significant attention to the principles of sustainable Iranian architecture. Environmental sustainability and sustainable architecture in Iran are still relatively new concepts. This research fills the gap on the application of vernacular architecture to modern building design, particularly in the context of Iran and its climate by creating an informed and tested understanding of how vernacular architecture can inform modern building design and techniques. There have been limited studies on vernacular design as a source of knowledge which can contribute to 21st century challenges. The scope of this study is not only limited to Iran as its finding are also applicable to other countries with hot climates. As one of the key contributions, this thesis demonstrates how energy use in buildings can be minimised using such principles that are adopted from Iranian vernacular architecture. The study firstly relies on the state of the art literature review on vernacular architecture in Iran using secondary analysis, and then offers comparisons, analysis and hypotheses testing in the following sections. The challenge of extracting Iranian vernacular architecture principles (IVAP) has been achieved by a multi-method approach. Site observations, sketches, drawings and measurements at the early stages were reinforced by further detailed analysis of the literature beyond IVAP, and supplemented by studies in sustainable design such as passive design. It was found that IVAP have many common elements which are shared today by passive design. The methodology for the above consists of simulation modelling and comparisons of the energy in use for building designed using IVAP versus designs using conventional building techniques in Iran. By using energy software packages (Integrated Environmental Solutions, Design Builder, CC5) it is found that the application of IVAP can significantly improve energy consumption in buildings. The research also explores a novel approach and tests the feasibility of using ‘adobe’ as an insulation material for construction of walls. The analysis involves construction of a wall using this new approach (inspired by IVAP) and testing it in the lab for its energy performance. The findings confirm that as a building material, ‘adobe’ could be potentially a feasible and environmentally friendly substitute to conventional insulation with additional sustainable benefits such as using local materials and preservation of traditional culture in the region. Another contribution of this study is to offer a deeper understanding of the drivers and barriers to the implementation of IVAP in today’s architecture in Tehran, Iran. To achieve this a survey was conducted which revealed that an integral part of the implementation and application of IVAP is education and design of the UG and PG curricula. Recommendations are made to highlight the necessary and critical adjustment to policies regarding promotion of IVAP to safeguard the environment and national and cultural identities.
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Bhairappanavar, Shruti. "POTENTIAL USE OF DREDGED MATERIAL - CEMENT BRICKS IN THE DESIGN OF SUSTAINABLE INTEGRATED GREEN WALL." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1532967974666973.
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Khosla, Niti Gautam. "Development of a framework to assist owners in deciding to use sustainable site design practices for institutional buildings." Diss., Connect to online resource - MSU authorized users, 2007.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Michigan State University, Construction Management Program, 2007.<br>Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on June 12, 2008). Available through UMI ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Includes bibliographical references (p. 284-286).
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Jonsson, Viktor, and Mattias Lundberg. "Energieffektiv projektering : Projektering för ett träffsäkert och energieffektivt slutresultat." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hållbar samhälls- och teknikutveckling, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-10201.
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Byggnadssektorn uppskattas idag stå för närmare 40 % av vår totala energiförbrukning, varav nästan 60 % utgörs av uppvärmning och varmvatten. Från myndigheter såväl som allmänheten börjar högre krav ställas på energihushållning i vårt byggnadsbestånd. I media duggar informationen tätt om nya metoder för energieffektivisering, ändå visar statistiken att mycket finns kvar att göra. Frågan som bör ställas är var problemet ligger. Detta examensarbete behandlar projekteringens roll för slutresultatet med avseende på energianvändningen i flerbostadshus. Syftet är att identifiera förbättringsfaktorer för hur projekteringen kan påverka byggprocessen mot ett mer energieffektivt slutresultat. Arbetet grundar sig på tidigare studier och utnyttjar dels en fallstudie av ett 3 st. flerbostadshus i Västerås från 2000-talets början, dels en intervjustudie med fokus på upplevda svårigheter i arbetet med energifrågor bland byggbranschens aktörer. I den inledande litteraturstudien identifierades tekniska och processberoende faktorer som avgör en byggnads energianvändning. Den knyter också an till liknande studier för att tillvarata tidigare erfarenheter. Fallstudien resulterade i att uppmärksamma hur stora konsekvenserna blir av att inte beakta energianvändningen i tillräcklig omfattning. Intervjustudien resulterade i att identifiera likheter och skillnader i de olika aktörernas syn på projekteringen med avseende på byggnaders energianvändning. Bland de förbättringsfaktorer som identifierats bör framför allt en mer framträdande roll hos byggherren nämnas. En tydlig ambitionsnivå för projektet tillsammans med kravformuleringar är också en nödvändighet. Ett samarbete mellan aktörer där all tillgänglig kompetens utnyttjas redan i tidiga skeden krävs också för att kunna beakta energifrågan på allvar. Tekniska konsulter måste ges tillfälle att påverka projektet innan det låsts i alltför stor utsträckning. Fokus genom hela projekteringen bör ligga på ett betraktningssätt där hela byggnaden ses som ett sammanhängande system. Under arbetets gång har också uppmärksammats ett behov av att underlätta uppföljning av utförda byggprojekt. Uppföljning är nödvändigt för att utveckla branschen och frångå ryktet om en byggbransch oförmögen att lära av tidigare misstag. Slutligen kan nämnas att en ökad efterfrågan från samhället måste ske som incitament för byggherren att bygga mer energieffektivt. Samtidigt handlar det för byggherren om att marknadsföra fördelarna med energieffektiva alternativ till konventionella bostäder för att skapa efterfrågan.
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Elpasidou, Sofia. "Study of passive design and slab cooling in adaptation to climate change of a modern residential building in Stockholm." Thesis, KTH, Hållbara byggnader, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-287454.
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The impact on the built environment due to the forecasted climate change was presented by the authorities more than one decade ago, but the actions from the building industry to adapt buildings for a changed climate are still lacking. The purpose of this study is to identify a suitable cooling technique for a modern residential building in a future warmer climate in order to maintain thermal comfort but also energy efficiency. This thesis analyses and presents passive techniques and the behavior of active cooling with a slab cooling system under a future climate scenario so as to accomplish a sustainable system which will be functionable and viable in the future. To verify the different solutions the building performance simulation software IDA ICE has been used and a case study building with a simulated location in the city of Stockholm has been investigated. Results show promising outcomes as thermal comfort is achieved and energy efficiency is maintained depending on diversely selected energy sources.<br>Påverkan på den byggda miljön från klimatförändringar har upplysts av myndigheter under minst de senaste tio åren, men agerande från byggbranschen för att klimatanpassa är fortfarande låg. Syftet med denna studie är att identifiera en lämplig kylteknik för ett bostadshus i ett framtida varmare klimat för att bibehålla termisk komfort och samtidigt energieffektivitet. Denna examensrapport analyserar och presenterar prestanda hos dels olika passiva system, dels ett kombinerat värme- och kylsystem i bjälklag i ett framtida klimatscenario för att uppnå ett hållbart system som kommer att vara funktionellt och livskraftigt i framtiden. För att verifiera de olika kyllösningarna har simuleringsprogrammet för byggnadsprestanda IDA ICE använts och en fallstudiebyggnad med en simulerad placering i Stockholm har undersökts. Resultaten visar lovande resultat eftersom termisk komfort uppnås och energiprestanda kan bibehållas beroende på valda energikällor.
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Manewa, R. M. A. S. "Economic considerations for adaptability in buildings." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2012. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/9457.
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The existing buildings in the UK are not designed to be functionally adaptive to fit a spectrum of purposes. Alternatively, scrapping these buildings and building anew does not appear to be an economically viable and environmentally sustainable solution either. Proactive solutions to respond to future potential changes of use are rare in previous and current building designs, which ultimately make these buildings functionally redundant. At present, curiosity about adaptable buildings is spreading among owners, developers and policy makers; however, no detailed investigation has been undertaken to identify the economic costs and benefits of adaptability in new buildings. Thus, the present endeavour was designed to bridge this gap. The research exploited both case studies and survey designs to explore the answers to the above problem. Two case studies were undertaken to establish that building changes occur over time, as well as to assess their economic implications in the current built environment at both macro and micro levels. Three web-based surveys (WBS) were designed and circulated among quantity surveyors and architects of the 100 leading consultancy practices in the UK to identify both the design and economic aspects of adaptability in buildings. The total numbers of respondents to WBS1, WBS2 and WBS3 were 13, 32 and 42, respectively. In addition, data was collected from semi-structured interviews with two policy makers, two structural engineers, a quantity surveyor and a facilities manager. Unstructured interviews with a senior planner, a project manager, two architects and a services engineer were used to clarify the issues of design and planning for adaptability in buildings. The findings were interwoven to develop a conceptual framework to identify the economic considerations for adaptability in new buildings. Two workshops were undertaken with the industry partners for the Adaptable Futures research project to verify the results obtained from the case studies and to test the usability of the developed conceptual framework. The group members had multi-disciplinary backgrounds of architecture, quantity surveying and structural engineering, allowing a robust grounding for verification. The results contribute to the body of knowledge in two ways. Firstly, the developed conceptual framework identifies the economic considerations (costs and benefits) for change of use in buildings within the wider context of adaptability over the lifecycle aspects. This will assist owners/clients and developers in their economic decisions for designing new buildings for potential adaptations. Secondly, the research findings strengthen the reliability of the existing body of knowledge whilst confirming the urgent need for designing new buildings towards potential adaptations. In addition, the findings strongly emphasise plan depth and floor to ceiling height as the most influential design parameters for building change of use, the details of which are not highlighted in the previous literature.
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Martin, Conrad. "Identity - Orientation - Interface. The adaptive re-use of the NZASM Building in Pretoria, South Africa. Working towards an architecture which aids the orientation of the user and serves to further define the identity of the city." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/29926.
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This thesis seeks to explore the potential of existing built fabric to change in order to meet the needs of its users. Central to this is the realisation that cities are highly dynamic environments. Momentarily appropriate, static solutions are not acceptable.This means not only adapting an existing building to fit a particular need at a particular time, but to ensure that it lends itself to future change. The building chosen for this study is the NZASM building, currently owned by Transnet, on the corner of Paul Kruger and Minnaar Streets. It was completed in 1963 on the property of the old NZASM headquarters and now serves mainly to house offices for Transnet. The building was between sixty and seventy percent occupied at the time of writing this thesis. The client is a fictional coalition of NGOs. The desired program is what will be referred to as an NGO Hub. The NGO Hub is a shared office and public interface facility. The intent is that these NGOs share resources and act within their specialties to support one another on collaborative projects. They must also be free to pursue their own projects and retain individual identity. At the same time, members of the public have a central location to visit where they can find information and the NGO best capable of serving their needs. This will lead to a far more efficient operational model for these organisations. The thesis also assumes that a scheme by Mary-Anne Da Costa, Surfaces and Services - A Public Space for Communication, Information + Discussion (2007), for Pretorius Square is feasible and that the two projects will occur simultaneously. The programmatic aim is to create a true civic square in Pretoria that will also serve as an example to other cities. This thesis will also work towards generating and reinforcing identity within the city. The reason for doing so is that we orientate ourselves by our environment. The clearer our idea of what a building/district/city is, the clearer our perception of what our relationship to it is and the better oriented we feel.<br>Dissertation (MArch(Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2010.<br>Architecture<br>unrestricted
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Brown, Nils W. O. "Managing high environmental performance? : Applying life cycle approaches and environmental certification tools in the building and real estate sectors." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Miljöstrategisk analys (fms), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-201614.
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The main aim of this thesis is to demonstrate and critically assess life cycle approaches’ and environmental certification (EC) tools’ potential for supporting decisions for improved environmental performance in the building and real estate sectors. Using life cycle approaches, the thesis shows that for new build and renovation cases aiming for low operational energy use that embodied global warming potential (GWP) due to material production can constitute a large portion of a building’s lifetime GWP. Therefore life cycle based information about materials’ embodied GWP needs to be made available to and utilized by design process decision makers. It was also shown that applying the Swedish EC tool Miljöbyggnad was useful in highlighting potential positive and negative changes in indoor environmental quality arising from renovation packages aiming at significant operational energy use reduction in existing multifamily buildings. However such renovation packages are not profitable from a property owner perspective. Miljöbyggnad may be useful when designing policy instruments to overcome this. The thesis also showed that EC and related environmental enhancements contribute to achieving property owners’ and tenants’ overall strategic objectives for value creation. For property owners this arises for example through lower energy costs and attracting desirable tenants. For tenants, value creation arises as support for internal and external environmental communication. For the further development of life cycle approaches’ and EC tools’ application to buildings and real estate it is important to consider how they can be adapted to consider ‘distance to sustainable’ targets referencing for instance the planetary boundaries approach. It is also interesting to investigate how valuation of buildings and real estate may be performed in a way that expands from the current narrow focus on the economic perspective to also include environmental and social perspectives.<br><p>QC 20170210</p>
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Jörnklev, Sebastian. "Ombyggnad och ändrad användning av en kulturhistorisk värdefull skola från 1850." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Arkitektur och vatten, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-74557.
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Att utnyttja befintliga byggnader som annars står tomma kan vara en del av lösningen på problemet gällande bostadsbrist i Sverige. Vid ändring av äldre bebyggelse som är det viktigt att beakta de kulturhistoriska och arkitektoniska värdena. Vid ombyggnation till bostäder och energieffektivisering är det viktigt att detta genomförs varsamt på äldre värdefull bebyggelse. Syftet med arbetet är att bidra till en ökad förståelse för hur en äldre byggnads arkitektoniska och kulturhistoriska värden kan bevaras trots att det sker en funktionsändring från en verksamhet till en annan. Målet för arbetet är att undersöka hur en gammal skolbyggnad kan ändras till bostäder samtidigt som kulturella och arkitektoniska värden bibehålls, energianvändningen minskar och funktionella bostäder skapas. Arbetet baseras på en fallstudiebyggnad som är en skolbyggnad från 1850 som ligger i Vanstad, Skåne. En inledande litteraturgenomgång behandlar äldre bygg- och installationstekniska lösningar, kulturvärde och kvalitéer i bostäder. Vilka regelverk som skall följas vid ombyggnation och ändrad användning, utformningskrav enligt BBR och energieffektiviseringsåtgärder vid ombyggnation behandlas också. Även fyra exempel gällande energieffektiviseringar av äldre tegelbyggnader studeras. Fallstudiebyggnaden är inte K-märkt men pekas ut som värdefull och värd att bevara i handlingar tillhandahållna av Sjöbo kommun. Generellt så rekommenderas det att byggnader uppförda före 1900-talet skall bevaras i så autentiskt skick som möjligt. Utifrån insamlad information genom inventering av arkivmaterial och inventering av fallstudiebyggnaden tas en beskrivning av fallstudiebyggnaden fram, som ligger till grund för utvecklingen av ett utformningsförslag för ändring av skolbyggnaden till bostadsändamål. Det efterfrågas mindre lägenheter från Sjöbo kommun vilket utformningsförslaget tagit hänsyn till. Utformningsförslaget resulterade i 7 stycken lägenheter där 6 av 7 har en boarea mellan 35 m2 och 55 m2. På grund av byggnadens ålder och äldre byggnadstekniker så når byggnaden inte upp till dagens energikrav. Förslaget till bostadsutformning inkluderar åtgärder som bedöms vara möjliga att genomföra för att sänka energianvändningen. Varje lägenhet granskas också för att kontrollera vilka kvalitéer som uppnås i bostäderna. De åtgärder som förespråkas är: tilläggsisolering av ytterväggar och yttertak, tätning av klimatskal, byte av ventilationssystem, uppvärmningssystem, installation av solceller samt förbättring av fönster och dörrar. Resultatet visar hur det går att utforma funktionella bostäder i en äldre kulturhistoriskt värdefull byggnad. Att tillämpa energieffektiviseringsåtgärder för minskad energianvändning och förbättrat inomhusklimat påvisas också i resultatet. Gällande lönsamheten i genomförandet sett till ombyggnation, ändrad användning, energieffektivisering och lägenhetsutformning kan vidare studier ske mer ingående på den konkreta energibesparingen och LCC-kalkyler för vidare ekonomisk insikt.<br>To use existing buildings that would otherwise be empty could be a part of the solution regarding the housing shortage in Sweden. When changing older buildings, it is important to consider the cultural and architectural values. When changing usage to dwellings and improving energy efficiency it is important that it is carried out carefully on older valuable buildings. The purpose of the work is to contribute to an increased understanding of how the architectural and cultural-historical values of an older building can be preserved despite a change in use from one function to another. The goal of the work is to examine how a cultural-historical valuable building can be changed to functional dwellings in conjunction with reduced energy usage. The work is based on a case study of a school building from 1850 in Vanstad, Skåne. An introducing review of theory is a bout older building and installation solution, cultural value and qualities in dwellings. Which acquis to follow during reconstruction and change of usage, design requirements according to BBR and actions to reduce energy usage. Four different studies regarding reduction in energy usage on older brick buildings are studied. The case study building is not K-marked but is pointed out as a valuable building that is worth preserving in documents from Sjöbo. It is recommended that buildings constructed before the 1900s should be kept as authentic as possible. Based on information gathered through inventory of archive material and inventory of the case study building a description on the case study building is made which is the basis for a design proposal for changed usage from school building to housing. Sjöbo is requesting smaller apartments which the design proposal considers. The design proposal resulted in 7 apartments where 6 out of 7 has a living space between 35 m2 and 55 m2. Because of the buildings age and older building techniques the building does not reach todays energy requirement. The design proposal documents which actions that is possible to implement to reduce the energy usage. Every apartment is reviewed to control which qualities is achieved in the dwellings. The measures advocated is: additional insulation on walls and roof, sealing of the climate shell, change of ventilations system, heating system, installation of solar cells and improvement of window and doors. The result shows how it is possible to design functional dwellings in an older cultural-historical valuable building. To apply energy efficiency measures to reduce the energy usage and improving the indoor climate is also demonstrated in the result. Regarding profitability considering reconstruction, changed usage, reduction in energy usage and design of dwellings more in-depth studies could be made regarding the actual energy savings and LCC calculations for further economic insight.
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Hladil, Vlastimil. "Novostavba polyfunkčního domu ve Velkých Opatovicích." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-410002.
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This diploma thesis addresses the processing of project documentation for construction of four storey mixed-use bouilding with partial basement in Velké Opatovice. The building is designed on flat terrain. In the basement are located technical utilities of the building and three cellar cubicles. On the first floor there is a beer-shop, textile shop and design office. On the second floor there is an office space for local company. The thrid floor is designed as two large-area apartments with terraces. The fourth floor is designed as one large-area apartment with terraces.
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Poprová, Barbora. "Stavebně technologická příprava komplexu bytových domů v Liberci." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-372082.
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The content of this diploma thesis is construction-technological preparation of complex of apartment buildings. The work includes a technical report, a technology prescription, a control and test plan, a building site design, a main building machines, a budget, a timetable, building instructions, a BOZP plan, a noise study and a change in the use of a part of the building.
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Novel, Aymeric. "Développement d’une méthode de méta modélisation des consommations énergétiques des bâtiments en fonction des facteurs d’usages et d’exploitation pour la garantie de résultat énergétique." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LAROS001/document.
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À mesure que les performances intrinsèques des bâtiments s’améliorent, les usages énergétiques non réglementés, que nous associons à une notion d’intensité énergétique des usages, prennent de plus en plus d’importance dans le bilan des consommations des bâtiments. De plus, les bâtiments performants font apparaître des problématiques au niveau de l’exploitation des installations. Ces constats nous permettent d’affirmer qu’il est aujourd’hui important de proposer un cadre pour le suivi et l’optimisation de la sobriété énergétique des usages et l’exploitation performante pour la maîtrise des consommations énergétiques réelles des bâtiments. Cette thèse propose tout d’abord de développer des modèles polynomiaux de prédiction de la consommation énergétique tous usages en fonction des facteurs caractérisant l’intensité d’usage, la qualité d’usage et la qualité d’exploitation. Pour cela, nous utilisons le logiciel EnergyPlus afin de réaliser des simulations énergétiques dynamiques (SED) sur des valeurs de paramètres définis par la méthode des plans d’expérience D-optimaux. Le modèle polynomial créé permet alors d’effectuer, avec un faible temps de calcul, une propagation des incertitudes sur les consommations d’énergie calculées. Pour ce faire, nous utilisons les données mesurées en exploitation dans le cadre de la mesure et de la vérification de la performance énergétique, associées à une incertitude concernant leur valeur. Nous pouvons alors déterminer l’incertitude globale sur les consommations énergétiques et identifier les pistes pour la réduire, permettant ainsi un meilleur suivi et encadrement de la consommation énergétique réelle<br>Since building envelope and MEP systems characteristics regularly improve, the weight of non-regulatory energy end-uses increases. These energy end-uses are typically associated with tenants or owners’ activities. In addition, high performance buildings show new issues related to HVAC systems operations. Therefore, it is important to evaluate and improve non-regulatory energy end-uses energy as well as HVAC systems operations efficiencies. We have developed polynomial energy models that can predict energy consumption as a function of building’s activities characteristics and HVAC systems operations factors. We used EnergyPlus software in order to build reliable energy models along with the D-optimum design of experiments method (DOE). Then, we used measurement and verification (M&V) data, associated with probability functions, to determine the associated uncertainty of the calculated energy consumption. Finally, we combine the latter with the polynomial modeling error to calculate the energy consumption global uncertainty, with the goal to identify strategies to reduce it
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Castro, Estrada Diego Alonso. "Edificio de Usos Mixto Residencial en el Centro de Lima." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/657573.
Full textAbstract:
Proyecto arquitectónico que propone al edificio de usos mixtos residencial como unidad tipológica para contrarrestar la despoblación del Centro Histórico de Lima, al tomar como punto de partida el contraste entre la oferta inmobiliaria y la normativa de esta zona de la ciudad. La investigación se centra en el análisis de la vivienda como “célula esencial de la ciudad”, en los criterios para mejorar la habitabilidad y atmósfera del espacio monumental como principal estrategia para una identidad integral, y en el proyecto nuevo en un contexto como el centro de la Ciudad de Lima, la cual muchos definen como la ciudad del contraste.<br>An architectural project that proposes the residential mixed-use building as a typological unit to counteract the depopulation of the Historic Center of Lima, by taking as a starting point the contrast between the real estate offer and the regulations of this area of the city. The research focuses on the analysis of housing as an "essential cell of the city", on the criteria to improve the habitability and atmosphere of the monumental space as the main strategy for an integral identity, and on the new project in a context such as the center from the City of Lima, which many define as the city of contrast.<br>Tesis
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Monfors, Lisa, and Corinne Morell. "Byggnadsutformning för ett framtida varmare klimat : Klimatscenariers påverkan på energianvändning och termisk komfort i ett flerbostadshus och alternativa byggnadsutformningar för att förbättra resultatet." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa, natur- och teknikvetenskap (from 2013), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-79953.
Full textAbstract:
När byggnader projekteras används klimatfiler från 1981-2010 för att dimensionera konstruktionen och energisystemet. Detta leder till att byggnader dimensioneras för ett klimat som varit och inte ett framtida klimat. SMHI har tagit fram olika klimatscenarier för framtiden som beskriver möjliga utvecklingar klimatet kan ta beroende på fortsatt utsläpp av växthusgaser. Dessa scenarier kallas för RCP (Representative Concentration Pathways). I denna studie används två olika klimatscenarier, RCP4,5 och RCP8,5. Siffran i namnet står för den strålningsdriving som förväntas uppnås år 2100. I RCP4,5 kommer medelårstemperaturen öka med 3 °C fram till år 2100 jämfört med referensperioden 1961-1990. För samma tidsperiod sker en ökning på 5 °C enligt RCP8,5. Ett flerbostadshus certifierad enligt Miljöbyggnad 2.2 nivå silver placerat i Vallentuna i Stockholms län används i denna studie som referensbyggnad. Byggnaden simuleras i programmet IDA ICE där den utsätts för RCP4,5 och RCP8,5. Resultatet visar att byggnaden inte skulle klara av kraven för Miljöbyggnad 2.2 gällande termiskt klimat sommar i något av de två klimatscenarierna. De operativa temperaturerna blir för höga i byggnaden utan att tillsätta komfortkyla. Byggnaden ändras för att se vilka faktorer som kan förbättra resultatet gällande det termiska klimatet. Resultatet visar att värmelagringsförmåga hos byggmaterial och solavskärmning har störst påverkan på det termiska klimatet. I studien gjordes flertal olika kombinationer av byggnadsutformningar. Enbart kombinationen av en tung stomme av betong tillsammans med fönster med lägre g-värde klarar kraven för Miljöbyggnad 2.2 i RCP4,5 och RCP8,5 utan komfortkyla. Kombinationen får lägst energianvändning i RCP8,5 av de olika kombinationerna som testats i studien. En kombination av tung stomme av KL-trä med lågt U-värde, fönster med lägre g-värde och komfortkyla får lägst energianvändning i grundklimatet och RCP4,5 av de olika kombinationerna som testats i studien trots användningen av komfortkyla. Frågan om vilket alternativ som är bäst ur ett hållbarhetsperspektiv är svårt att svara på. Det finns många aspekter som behöver tas i hänsyn till som byggnadens totala klimatavtryck både i tillverkning och användning. Oavsett val av konstruktion är det viktigt att projektera för att komfortkyla och solavskärmning skall kunna appliceras när ett varmare klimat råder.<br>When buildings are designed climate files from 1981 to 2010 are used to construct the building and its energy system. This leads to building being designed to a climate that has been and not to a future warmer climate that will come. SMHI has developed different climate scenarios for the future that describe different paths the climate can take depending on continued emissions of greenhouse gas. This climate scenarios are called RCP (Representative Concentration Pathways) In this study two of the climate scenarios, RCP4,5 and RCP8,5 are used. The number in the name stands for the radiation forcing that is expected in the year 2100. In RCP4,5 the mean average air temperature will increase with 3 °C until year 2100 compared to the reference period 1961-1990. In the same time period RCP8,5 will increase with 5 °C. An apartment building certified according to Miljöbyggnad 2.2 level silver placed in Vallentuna, Stockholms län is used as a reference building. The building is simulated through the simulation software program IDA ICE where it´s exposed to RCP4,5 and RCP8,5. The results demonstrate that the reference building would not meet Miljöbyggnad 2.2 requirement in the indicator about thermal comfort during summer. The operative temperature in the building is too high unless comfort cooling is used. The design of the building changes to see what factors can improve the results regarding the thermal comfort. The results demonstrate that thermal conductivity and solar shading has the greatest impact on thermal comfort. In this study several combinations of different building designs were made. Only the combination of a concrete frame with windows with low g-value met the requirement of Miljöbyggnad 2.2 regarding the thermal comfort during summer without using comfort cooling in RCP4,5 and RCP8,5. The combination had the lowest energy demand in RCP8,5 of all the combinations tested in the study. A combination of cross laminated wood frame with low U-value, windows with low g-value and comfort cooling had the lowest energy demand in the original climate file and RCP4,5 despite the use of comfort cooling. The questing about which building construction is the best from a sustainable perspective is difficult to answer. To answer that question the building´s total climate footprint in both production and use must be calculated. Regardless of the choice of building construction it is important to have in mind when designing a building that comfort cooling and solar shading should be easily applied when a warmer climate will prevail.
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Lu, Chih-Hao. "Enabling urban connectivity: Randburg urban design framework and the design of a mix-use civic building." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/8354.
Full textAbstract:
The structuring and forming of the negative space can be found in element as small as an electron molecule to element as large as the solar system, hence the
importance of the negative space. Negative space allows our city and architecture to be appreciated and furthermore, function as a single system.
The subject matter of this thesis is about the making of urban space and its relationship with the architecture and people. How should the urban space be
designed for its people and architecture, and furthermore, how should the architecture responses back to its urban space? These are the questions that Iwill be
asking myself constantly throughout the entire thesis.
The question is then answered through a design of an urban space and architecture. The design explores the connectivity between urban spaces, functions and
architectures, and furthermore, to be functioned as a single system.
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Krebsbach, Michael John. "Guiding engineering design experiences through use of portfolios and rubrics." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2012-08-6011.
Full textAbstract:
The engineering mathematics course described in this report is designed to employ project based learning (PBL), using projects to teach and reinforce both mathematics and engineering concepts and applications in a hands-on format. One project involves building a bridge and allows students to conduct testing using standard procedures and to manufacture components with set cross-sectional areas and lengths in an assembly-like manner using a low cost material such as file folders. The students can use a free computer-aided design (CAD) program to facilitate the design as well as conduct virtual testing with no additional cost.
The mathematics concepts covered by this project include: graphing, tables and trend analysis, determining the forces acting on individual joints as well as the overall structure, study of cross-sectional area versus length in determining the best support structure, evaluation of various materials for construction, and using measurement tools and technology to determine the amount of stresses and strains and the amount of deflection. All of these studies should enable the student to produce a scale diagram for the final bridge design and to conduct tests on the bridge structure in order to determine the factor of strength (weight held versus the weight of the bridge).
The project addresses the use of portfolios as a means for documenting work and changes that have been undertaken during the design process. The use of a portfolio-based project enables the student to document with artifacts and written composition, how the design was determined, how testing was done, and overall lessons learned during the project. The portfolio then could be evaluated using a Design Process Rubric as a means for transferability of credit.<br>text
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Alexander, Nicholas Kenneth. "The use of three-dimensional computer modelling in the design of cut and fill platforms for building sites." Thesis, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/2574.
Full textAbstract:
Computers have infiltrated all areas of human endeavour, from computer controlled buildings to computerised toasters. Many design professionals
have embraced computer tools, and reaped tremendous benefits as a result.
Architects, planners, and urban designers have tended to resist their implementation, ostensibly on the grounds that most currently available
computer tools are inapplicable to design tasks. This surmise can be
investigated by reviewing recent design methods and computer capabilities. A
more interesting challenge is to test it in practice by means of a computer
application written to aid a particular area of design, that of cut and fill
platform creation. Pilot studies of the use of this program have been encouraging, indicating that computers offer capabilities not available with any
other design tool. Computer modelling is relatively new, and as with all tools
there is a period of acceptance and maturing, but there is little doubt that three dimensional design visualisation without computers will soon be as unthinkable
as a return to report writing on manual typewriters.<br>Thesis (M.Sc.U.R.P.)-University of Natal, Durban, 1996.
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WANG, CHIA-HUNG, and 王嘉宏. "The Key Strategic Factors Promoting the use of green building materials for the Interior Design and Decoration." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/36401975454393493030.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>中華科技大學<br>建築工程與環境設計研究所<br>104<br>In recent years, the world has seen a rise of environmental awareness in more and more countries. Taiwan has become world-famous for its economic miracle that has guaranteed its citizens great improvement in their quality of life. Taiwan citizens are enjoying better quality in all the aspects from food, clothing, housing to transportation. Nevertheless, people have gradually realized the importance of Earth protection while enjoying better material life. There had been a great demand for “housing” in the past which had caused severe pollution out of the usage of building materials produced by traditional building materials manufacturers. Those building materials contained harmful substances to human beings and had impact on human health. To solve the problems, the government has promoted “Green Building Materials Mark” since 2004 which has encouraged more and more building materials manufacturers to apply for and obtain the mark. Obviously, the market will more and more emphasize the quality of building materials. In addition, the usage of green building materials is the key to the promotion of green public constructions which is also in line with the government policy of environmental sustainability and energy conservation and carbon reduction. It shows that the demand of green building materials will increase.
In this context, the study tries to evaluate the key factors to the improvement and application of green building materials in the interior decoration and its findings show that the four key factors are “reduction of environmental pollution”, “re-improvement of interior decoration materials”, “industrial upgrading to maintain competitiveness” and “type and quantity of green building materials” respectively.
Keywords: green building materials, interior decoration materials, Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process.
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Coelho, Carolina da Graça Cúrdia Lourenço. "Life within architecture from design process to space use. Adaptability in school buildings today – A methodological approach." Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/86931.
Full textAbstract:
PhD Thesis in Architecture presented to the Department of Architecture,
Faculty of Sciences and Technology of the University of Coimbra<br>Acknowledging school space as an enabler of the teaching and learning process, this research proposes to problematise the relevance of space use in the learning environments as a variable to be introduced in the design and spatial adaptability as a possibility of enhancing that use.
Adaptability copes with the changes brought by the rapid developments from the pedagogical practices, the curricular options and the information technology, enabling a more lived educational space, which allocates more diverse activities and users, within a longer lifecycle.
Despite having been previously studied, namely in the 1970s, adaptability in school buildings today translates itself onto the current spatial and technical requirements guided by the contemporary pedagogical practices and a more independent and creative student profile. Therefore, this research intends to identify how the concept of adaptability in the 21st century secondary schools is understood and configured and to define a methodology able to observe and describe the condition of adaptability within this context.
The original methodological approach presented aims to assess the schools’ ability to cope with the pedagogical and social evolving needs and to conclude on the design attributes that potentially enhance adaptability, for a more lasting and effective building performance. It systematically introduces procedures from different epistemological provinces, providing a more extensive analysis on the building’s description for a more supported retrieval of its adaptability potential, sequentially as: description of the spatial sample, functional and morphological, informing on how it supports activity allocation; description of all possible activity allocations, informing on the pedagogical potential of each educational environment; description of effective events, informing on actual behaviour and spatial appropriation on the school; and description of the potential correlations amongst each stage and transversally on all these variables. This last milestone enables the retrieval of the school’s adaptability.
As a case study this research assesses space use in a Portuguese contemporary artistic school, as a hub for a broader school community and a wider range of uses, amongst which the defined methodology will be tested and calibrated.
Finally, the milestones of the proposed methodology are assessed and their results correlated, in order to understand potential similarities and variances that might be specific of its application onto the case study, or that might imply more general correlations between spatial morphology, entropy and effective spatial fruition. Conclusions also lie on their respective implications towards adaptability, acknowledging them both in the design and during the school’s fruition and recognising potential pedagogical, social and cultural changes that might convey life and learning within a school environment.<br>Ao entender o espaço da escola como potenciador do processo de ensino-aprendizagem, propomo-nos problematizar a importância da utilização do espaço em ambiente escolar como variável para o processo de projecto e a adaptabilidade espacial como forma de promover esse uso.
A adaptabilidade visa a acomodação da mudança provocada pelos rápidos desenvolvimentos das práticas pedagógicas, das opções curriculares e da tecnologia de informação, permitindo assim um espaço educativo mais vivido, que alberga actividades e utilizadores mais diversos, num ciclo de vida mais extenso.
Apesar de anteriormente estudada, particularmente nos anos de 1970, a adaptabilidade nos edifícios escolares de hoje traduz as actuais exigências espaciais e técnicas, balizadas por práticas pedagógicas contemporâneas e por um perfil de aluno mais independente e criativo. Pretende-se, assim, identificar como se considera e configura este conceito nas escolas secundárias do século XXI e definir uma metodologia capaz de observar e descrever a condição de adaptabilidade adequada a este contexto.
A abordagem metodológica original apresentada tem como objectivo aferir a capacidade da escola em responder às contínuas mudanças pedagógicas e sociais e concluir sobre os atributos espaciais que potencialmente promovem a adaptabilidade, para um desempenho mais longo e efectivo do edifício. A metodologia introduz sistematicamente procedimentos de diferentes campos epistemológicos, permitindo uma análise mais completa da descrição do edifício, visando uma conclusão mais suportada quanto à sua adaptabilidade, sequencialmente da seguinte forma: descrição da amostra espacial, funcional e morfológica, informando sobre como esta suporta a alocação espacial; descrição de todas as possíveis alocações de actividades, informando sobre o potencial pedagógico de cada ambiente educativo; descrição da fruição efectiva, informando sobre a experiência e a apropriação do espaço no edifício escolar; e descrição das potenciais correlações em cada etapa e transversalmente entre todas estas variáveis. Esta última etapa permite concluir sobre a adaptabilidade do espaço da escola.
Enquanto caso de estudo, avaliar-se-á o uso do espaço numa escola portuguesa artística de hoje, como agregadora de uma comunidade escolar mais ampla e de um leque de usos mais alargado, na qual se irá testar e calibrar a metodologia definida.
Por fim, as etapas da metodologia proposta são aferidas e os seus resultados correlacionados, no sentido de perceber semelhanças e variantes que possam ser específicas da sua aplicação no caso de estudo, ou que possam implicar correlações mais gerais entre morfologia do espaço, entropia e fruição espacial efectiva.
As conclusões residem também nas suas respectivas implicações para com a adaptabilidade, compreendendo-as tanto em projecto como durante a real fruição da escola e reconhecendo as eventuais mudanças pedagógicas, sociais e culturais que possam pautar a vida e a aprendizagem dentro do edifício escolar.
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"New life for historical majestic building: conserving Central Police Station into Magistrates' Court." 2002. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5891331.
Full textAbstract:
Lui Ho Yin.<br>"Architecture Department, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Master of Architecture Programme 2001-2002, design report."<br>Content --- p.1<br>Acknowledgement --- p.3<br>Project Synopsis --- p.4<br>Chapter i/ --- Introduction --- p.6<br>Preface --- p.7<br>Conservation of Cultural Heritage --- p.8<br>Reason for conservation --- p.9<br>Conservation and Urban Renewal --- p.11<br>Conservation Modes Comparison --- p.13<br>Chapter ii/ --- Initiation of Project --- p.15<br>Magistrates' Court in Hong Kong --- p.16<br>Type of Courts --- p.17<br>Social Concern toward Legal System in Hong Kong --- p.20<br>Comparison between Hong Kong and China Legal System --- p.22<br>Chapter iii/ --- Exploring on Site / Urban --- p.26<br>Methodology --- p.27<br>District I: Sheung Wan / Central<br>District II: Tsim Sha Tsui<br>District III: Causeway Bay<br>My Choice<br>Site Location --- p.32<br>Examine the characteristic of Site --- p.33<br>Historical Background --- p.35<br>Architectural Merits --- p.39<br>Adjacent Special Areas --- p.40<br>Chapter iv/ --- Site Analysis --- p.42<br>Context Analysis --- p.43<br>Characteristics of Central Police Station Buildings --- p.48<br>Court of Final Appeal (Former French Mission Building) --- p.62<br>Chapter vi/ --- Design Guideline --- p.64<br>Building Users --- p.65<br>Planning the layout of the magistrates' court --- p.67<br>Schedule of Accommodation --- p.70<br>Design Concept --- p.72<br>Model Photo --- p.76<br>Chapter vii/ --- Special Study --- p.79<br>Block A --- p.80<br>Block B and the other --- p.84
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"Architecture with pallets: a use cycle extension of daily product." 2010. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5893969.
Full textAbstract:
Tsang Wai Ying, Martha.<br>"Architecture Department, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Master of Architecture Programme 2009-2010, design report."<br>"May 2010."<br>Chapter CHAPETER 0 --- BACKGROUND<br>Chapter - --- Interest of studies<br>Chapter - --- Lifecycle + Lifespan<br>Chapter CHAPETER 1 --- THESIS STATEMENT<br>Chapter CHAPETER 2 --- PRECEDENT STUDIES - THE PRODUCTS' CYCLE<br>Chapter - --- Material transformation<br>Chapter - --- Artist artworks with daily product<br>Chapter - --- Recycle Architecture<br>Chapter CHAPETER 3 --- IN SEARCH OF - DAILY PRODUCTS FOR ARCHITECTURE<br>Chapter - --- Dally product research<br>Chapter - --- Containers + Pallets<br>Chapter CHAPETER 4 --- PALLETS<br>Chapter - --- Pallets system<br>Chapter - --- Geometry study<br>Chapter CHAPTER 5 --- DESIGN<br>Chapter - --- programme<br>Chapter - --- short lifespan extension through repetitve use<br>Chapter - --- long lifespan extension through modification<br>Chapter CHAPTER 6 --- CONSTRUCTION<br>Chapter - --- pallets as tool for construction<br>Chapter - --- connection<br>Chapter - --- cost<br>Chapter CHAPTER 7 --- SPECIAL STUDIES - ENVELOPE AS LAYERS OF PROTECTION
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LEE, YU-HSUAN, and 李宥萲. "Use Green Building Technology to Comply with Feng Shui Requirements in Architectural Design – Using Redevelopment project on Dong An Road, Houli District, Taichung City as a Case Study." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/z2m3uw.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立聯合大學<br>建築學系碩士班<br>104<br>Feng Shui from ancient times to today's society has long been of quite far-reaching influence. The merit of applying Feng Shui theory is to enable people to adapt part of the natural environment, to advocate the harmonious coexistence between people and the nature, thus therefore placing particular emphasis on the relationship between humans and the living environment, and the nowadays the application of the green building concept also make use of Feng Shui in the design.
In view of the adapting the environment to benefit human health, it is necessary to approach the "green building design" concept in conjunction with the "feng shui which will be the future trend of the architectural design. The objective of this study is to advance research on this aspect of relationship in order to cater for the future market demand.
This study was followed by the use of literature analysis, in-depth feng shui interviews, and content analysis, which thus lead to the following detailed studies:
1. Chuan Tang Sha—to build a green wall between the road and the house.
2. Ao Fong Sha—to build a green walls higher than the adjoining Ao Fong Sha
Building.
3. Long Hu Sha—to build a pond on the Long Hu Sha location.
4. Tie Wu Sha—to build a pond on the Tie Wu Sha location.
5. Tian Zhan Sha—to build 45degree tilted solar panels on the building
envelope.
6. Bi Dao Sha—to build a green wall with the corner facing the Bi Dao Sha
location.
To enhance interior fortune - the indoor health and environment technology to harmony with structural flat slabs, columns and structural walls, interior layout designis to provide the indoor cultivation such as round leaves of potted evergreen such as: Fluke Tong, evergreen, cycads and to roof planting round leaves, evergreen, and not as a taboo plant landscape green garden. The above seven methodology are the basis of designing feng shui measures to counteract adjoining environmental constraints. Following interview with feng shui experts, it is concluded that the above methodology are useful. The objective is to promote green building technology into the feng shui of the architectural design market.
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Kim, InSung. "Use of CFRP to provide continuity in existing reinforced concrete members subjected to extreme loads." 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/17915.
Full textAbstract:
A special problem in many reinforced concrete structures built in the 1970s and earlier is the lack of continuity between elements. Continuity is a characteristic of structures essential to preventing collapse. Therefore, in extreme loading conditions such as loss of a column support due to terrorist attack or if earthquake or other extreme actions occur, the structures could be vulnerable to collapse. The study reported here focused on two structural discontinuities in existing reinforced concrete structures, discontinuity in bottom reinforcement in beams (horizontal discontinuity) and poorly detailed lap splices in columns (vertical discontinuity). The objective of this study was to develop rehabilitation methods using CFRP to provide continuity of reinforcement in existing structures. To develop the rehabilitation methods, two separate experimental studies were conducted using beam and column specimens. CFRP materials were applied to the bottom or side face of a beam and anchored using CFRP anchors or U-wraps to provide horizontal continuity in bottom reinforcement and tested under dynamic loading. After CFRP rehabilitation, the ductility of the bottom reinforcement and large rotational capacity of the beam were realized. CFRP materials were also applied to the lap splice region in square and rectangular columns which exhibited a brittle splice failure as-built. After rehabilitating the columns using CFRP jackets and anchors, the failure mode changed from a brittle splice failure to yield of column reinforcement, and the strength and deformation capacity were improved under both monotonic and cyclic loading. Based on the results of beam and column tests, design guidelines for CFRP rehabilitation were proposed. Horizontal and vertical continuities can be provided through the use of CFRP for rehabilitating existing reinforced concrete structures that were designed prior to the introduction of codes that require continuous reinforcement along members and between adjacent members. The vulnerability of such structures to collapse can be reduced through rehabilitation.<br>text
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KIM, YOUNGDUK MR. "EXPLORATION OF CONNECTIVITY BETWEEN URBAN PLAZA AND MIXED USE BUILDINGS." 2007. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/masters_theses_2/229.
Full textAbstract:
Urbanization and development of cities is necessary in contemporary society, however, these advancements are also causing urban problems, such as lack of open green space, density problems, traffic problems, and over population.Also, existing buildings are often lacking certain functions that are currently needed since they have been designed in the past. Thus, plaza and mixed used buildings, which are considered as a unit space, are needed to mention for 'publicity' that is a part of urban components as a wide spatial concept. In particular, mixed used buildings as multiply functioned facilities are needed a specific study for 'publicity' and 'urban plaza'.
In general, the meaning of 'publicity' in a city seems to have started from 'agora', which is from ancient Greek. A plaza as an open space in a city was realized as a solution, which people have pursued in order to improve their psychological safety and deterioration of the physical environment. Furthermore, it was made by necessity that was able to gather people in a place and was an indicator space with culture, political, and social activity. Procuring a traffic space, which is increasing more in a city, is expressed based on declining plaza and maximizing land use, on the other hands, it indicatesthe importance of a way to vitalize social public space in urban life.
In addition, urban and social modernization has caused proliferation and concentration of urban services and,as a result of it,it has caused population increase and architectural densification. In brief, open spaces and streets for pedestrians have decreased. Expansion of buildings, reduction of streets, and degeneration of urban plazas have started to diminish the space for public activity. This has connected to fall quality of its macro- environment and consciousness of sharing, and thus the quality of the city has fallen as a result. The urban plaza is an important component of urban open space and the space, which can improve social community.
Thus, the objective of this study is to reconsider the concept 'publicity' in cities as a strategic space in order to vitalize the city. The study includes analyzing connectivity between urban plaza and architectural space and proposing design methods for a mixed use building which will improve interaction between urban context and the buildings.,
In conclusion, the study will be used to suggest a new solution for the urban design, which has had less connectivity by transportation and thoughtless development for the environment, in order to produce pleasant open space to enjoy public life for citizen focused on increasing practical use between people and their city's infrastructure with diverse function and psychological stability.