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1
Colucci, Chiara, Luca Mauri, and Andrea Vallati. "About the shortwave multiple reflections in an urban street canyon building related to three different European climates." MATEC Web of Conferences 240 (2018): 05004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201824005004.
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Energy exchanges between buildings is affected by urban fabric. As a matter of fact, heat exchange between adjacent buildings is due to convective and radiative heat flows. The main parameters which influence these heat exchange mechanisms are due to climate conditions such as air temperatures/humidity, wind speed/direction and solar irradiance. Most building energy simulations are done on an independent single building with typical meteorological year (TMY). These TMY meteorological data cannot represent the state of the urban microclimate and rather ignores the microclimate influence on buildings adjacent to street canyons. However, solar radiation shading and reflection of the environment within the street canyons are important factors affecting the energy consumption of buildings. In this work, a building energy simulation tool is used to study the impact of multiple shortwave inter-reflections in an urban environment. A street canyon model validated in a previous work was modeled in TRNSYS in order to simulate the effects of the urban radiative trapping. An urban canyon with aspect ratio H/W=1 was chosen, with South-North orientation, with transparent/opaque surfaces ratio Atr/Aop=0.5 and 4 values (0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8) of reflectance factor of the envelope surfaces. The goal is to characterize how solar absorption influence the urban energy requirements. The analysis was conducted for 3 cities in different climatic zones: Rome, Palermo and Krakow.
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Alhammad, Mohammed, Matt Eames, and Raffaele Vinai. "Enhancing Building Energy Efficiency through Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Building Energy Modeling (BEM) Integration: A Systematic Review." Buildings 14, no. 3 (February 22, 2024): 581. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings14030581.
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With the ever-increasing population and historic highest energy demand, the energy efficiency of buildings is becoming crucial. Architectural firms are moving from traditional Computer-Aided Design (CAD) to BIM. However, nearly 40% of the energy consumption is due to buildings. Therefore, there is a need to integrate BIM with Building Energy Modeling (BEM), which presents an innovative opportunity to demonstrate the potential of BIM to minimize energy consumption by integrating building information software with data from existing energy-efficient building automation systems (EBAS). BEM is a form of computational analysis that can be used in conjunction with BIM or Computer-Aided Engineering (CAE) systems. In this paper, an attempt has been made to explore the existing literature on BIM and BEM and identify the effect of the integration of BEM in BIM in the design phase of the project. A recent survey from the last ten years (2012 to 2023) was carried out on Google Scholar, Web of Science, Science Direct, and Scopus databases. Inclusion/exclusion criteria were applied, and papers were scrutinized. From the results, it can be observed that the convergence of BIM and BEM is found to be useful in practical applications; however, projects with short life cycles might not be suitable for this solution. Challenges exist in the interoperability tools which have restrictions on data exchange. Binary translation is found to be the most suitable candidate for data exchange. The analysis further showed that the most used program for integrating BIM/BEM is Green Building Studio developed by Autodesk to improve construction and operational efficiencies.
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Su, Siyuan. "Application of building equipment intelligent management and control system in renewable energy thermal energy modelling." Thermal Science 27, no. 2 Part A (2023): 1075–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci2302075s.
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In order to solve the dynamic characteristics of fuel cell thermal energy in building equipment intelligent control system, this paper proposes the application research of building equipment intelligent control system in renewable energy thermal energy modelling. A cold water proton exchange membrane fuel cell cogeneration scheme was proposed. The heat produced by the installation is carried out by the cooling system, and the heat is exchanged between the heat exchanger and the hot water always heated in the heat exchanger. At the same time, a water tank is used to store hot water for heat recovery. Based on MATLsimulation coupling software platform, the simulation model of fuel cell cogeneration system was es?tablished, including reactor model, power system model, heat exchanger model, etc. The simulation model of fuel cell cogeneration system was built up, including the reactor model, power system model, and so on. The experimental results show that the system can achieve good response performance and anti-disturbance by using fuzzy PID controller to control and simulate the system. At the same time, the simulation results show that the optimal efficiency of the system in the power load is about 83%. In conclusion, it can meet the modern family?s thermal power demands and improve the power consumption.
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Дешко, В. І., І. Ю. Білоус, В. О. Виноградов-Салтиков, І. О. Суходуб, and О. І. Яценко. "ЕКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЕ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ЯКОСТІ ПОВІТРЯ ТА ПОВІТРООБМІНУ В ЗАКЛАДАХ ОСВІТИ ТА ЖИТЛОВИХ БУДІВЛЯХ." Bulletin of the Kyiv National University of Technologies and Design. Technical Science Series 148, no. 4 (March 10, 2021): 25–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.30857/1813-6796.2020.4.2.
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Apply integrated approaches for the air exchange rate determination based on CO 2 concentration in educational and residential buildings of Ukraine. Methods. Taking into account variability of building's visitors and occupants operational and behavioral features experimental and calculated determination of the air exchange rate are considered. Results. Recommendations for providing comfort conditions in terms of air quality in the considered objects premises, recommendations on the premises operating conditions, ventilation schedule. Scientific novelty. The comprehensive approach to in-depth analysis of energy consumption has been developed, procedures for assessing the air quality and the level of air exchange in buildings have been improved taking into account the variability of operating conditions. The practical significance. Experimental studies of changes in CO 2 concentration were conducted in three schools, in higher education institution and in residential building. The research results allowed to establish the actual level of CO 2 concentration and air change rate under different operational and behavioral conditions in buildings during working hours, subject to comfortable conditions, and during non-use hours. The research results also help to determine the dynamics of changes in the studied factor over time under the building performance indicators influence. The obtained results allow to provide recommendations on ensuring the quality of indoor air exchange and on providing comfort working, studying and living conditions. The use of experimental and calculated air exchange rate values for various premises would allow to avoid in mathematical modeling the overestimation of the level of buildings energy consumption, which arises when standard air change rate values is using. So the obtained results allow to approximate more accurately the mathematical modeling results of buildings energy efficiency to the actual conditions and help to choose the optimal schedule for the building engineering networks managing considering comfort conditions with intermittent operation.
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Wang, Yi-Tong, Shuang You, Xiao-Xu Hou, and Zheng Yi. "Estimation of shallow geothermal potential to meet heating demand in a building scale." Thermal Science 27, no. 1 Part B (2023): 607–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci2301607w.
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The heat exchanger can use shallow geothermal energy to provide regional heating and cooling demand in winter and summer. In this paper, a large-scale public building is taken as the example, and the energy system in the building is taken as the research object. Firstly, through the collection of geothermal drilling geographic information and geothermal data, the geothermal reserves and geothermal recoverable resources are evaluated. Secondly, the cooling and heating demand of the building is calculated by using HVAC simulation software. Then, the heat transfer capacity of a single pile is evaluated and the layout scheme of the underground heat exchange pile foundation of the building is given. The actual heating effect of the heat exchange pile foundation system is explored, and the heat transfer characteristics of heat exchange pile foundation under different working conditions are compared and analyzed. Finally, reasonable suggestions for the arrangement of heat exchange pile foundation are given.
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Voss, Karsten, Eike Musall, and Markus Lichtmeß. "From Low-Energy to Net Zero-Energy Buildings: Status and Perspectives." Journal of Green Building 6, no. 1 (February 1, 2011): 46–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/jgb.6.1.46.
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“Net Zero-Energy Building” has become a popular catchphrase to describe the synergy between energy-efficient building and renewable energy utilisation to achieve a balanced energy budget over an annual cycle. Taking into account the energy exchange with a grid overcomes the limitations of energy-autonomous buildings with the need for seasonal energy storage on-site. Although the expression, “Net Zero-Energy Building,” appears in many energy policy documents, a harmonised definition or a standardised balancing method is still lacking. This paper reports on the background and the various effects influencing the energy balance approach. After discussing the national energy code framework in Germany, a harmonised terminology and balancing procedure is proposed. The procedure takes not only the energy balance but also energy efficiency and load matching into account.
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Gómez Melgar, Sergio, Miguel Ángel Martínez Bohórquez, and José Manuel Andújar Márquez. "uhuMEBr: Energy Refurbishment of Existing Buildings in Subtropical Climates to Become Minimum Energy Buildings." Energies 13, no. 5 (March 5, 2020): 1204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13051204.
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Today, most countries in the world have mandatory regulations, more or less strict, regarding energy efficiency in buildings. However, a large percentage of the buildings already built were constructed under lax or non-existing regulations in this regard. Therefore, many countries are facing the energy refurbishment of their existing buildings to reduce their carbon footprint. Depending on ambient weather conditions where a building settles, its operation with respect to the achievement of maximum energy efficiency should usually be different. This happens in subtropical climates when, during the year and depending on the season, the building needs to conserve heat, evacuate it or even make an exchange with the outside to take advantage of favorable environmental conditions. This paper presents a complete methodology for conducting building energy efficiency refurbishments in subtropical climates in order to convert them into minimum energy buildings. The proposed methodology is illustrated by a case study in a dwelling that includes all the stages, from the analysis of the existing dwelling to the refurbishment works, showing the final results and the subsequent dwelling operation.
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BONDARENKO, A., Eu L. YURCHENKO, O. O. KOVAL, and O. A. TYMOSHENKO. "IMPROVEMENT OF METHODOLOGICAL BASIS OF DETERMINATION OF TIGHTNESS OF BUILDING COVER." Ukrainian Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture, no. 3 (September 6, 2022): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.30838/j.bpsacea.2312.050722.27.861.
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Tightness and energy efficiency are among the most important parameters of buildings. The airtightness of the building ensures a reduction in energy consumption for heating, especially for buildings with a large heating volume. Currently, Ukraine does not have a regulatory framework for determining the tightness of buildings. The article analyzes the international standard for determining the airtightness of buildings ISO 9972:2015 Thermal characteristics of buildings − Determination of air permeability of buildings − Method of fan injection. On the basis of the international standard, the methodical bases for determining the tightness of the building envelope have been improved, and the methodology for determining the tightness of the building envelope has been adapted for Ukraine. The article presents the methods of measuring the tightness of the building, the rules for preparing the building for measurements, as well as the calculation of air permeability parameters. This technique contains the principle of determining the parameters of tightness in the conditions of fan injection. The hermeticity of the building, or its air permeability, is expressed by the amount of air leakage in cubic meters per hour per square meter of the area of the outer shell of the building when the building is affected by a pressure drop of the internal air of 50 Pa. During the test, the fan creates a pressure drop of 50Pa. A differential manometer is used to record the pressure difference between the pressure in the room and the external pressure. Using the formulas given in the article, the volume flow of air through the enclosing structures is calculated, and the air leakage rate is also calculated. Based on the determined parameters, the air exchange rate n50 and the air exchange rate q50 at the created pressure drop ∆p were calculated. The method of determining the energy efficiency class based on the n50 parameter has been improved. Based on the results of the calculations, we have the opportunity to determine the energy efficiency class based on the determined air exchange ratio.
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Brunoro, Silvia. "Passive Envelope Measures for Improving Energy Efficiency in the Energy Retrofit of Buildings in Italy." Buildings 14, no. 7 (July 11, 2024): 2128. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings14072128.
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The Italian territory is characterized by a big increase in energetic demand, especially for cooling, mainly related to climate change but also to the poor quality of a consistent construction sector, such as the suburban 1960–1980 building stock. At the same time, the cost of fuel and electricity due to the recent war events forces us to find alternative solutions to save energy in buildings. This study proposes building envelope passive design strategies to improve the energy efficiency of residential buildings in the Mediterranean climate, which is typical of the Italian territory. The main purpose is to provide an overview of potential passive measures to improve the energetic quality of construction in response to the above-mentioned issues and consequently to the increasing restrictions of energy regulations (passive buildings and NzeB). A categorization of passive measures is provided by exploring three different passive behaviors: heat reduction, heat gain, and heat protection. Specific energy-efficient measures for building retrofit are investigated according to this classification, including solar greenhouses, natural ventilation techniques, and radiative, convective, and conductive heat transfer through opaque and transparent envelopes. As the building envelope is mainly responsible for heating exchange and accounts for 50% of the overall energy balance, it is concluded that the “ad hoc” design of building envelopes can significantly improve the overall thermal performance of residential buildings.
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Deshko, V., I. Bilous, I. Sukhodub, and O. Yatsenko. "ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENCE OF AIR EXCHANGE DISTRIBUTION BETWEEN ROOMS ON THE APARTMENT ENERGY CONSUMPTION." POWER ENGINEERING: economics, technique, ecology, no. 1 (October 11, 2021): 39–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.20535/1813-5420.1.2021.242133.
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Modern results of Ukrainian buildings energy analysis show that 30-50% of the energy for heating goes to heat the supply air, and that is the largest share in the building energy balance. In terms of energy consumption, efficiency of the air exchange mode largely depends on occupancy schedule and air distribution in time and space. The application of air exchange schedule approach makes more sense in case when individual heating control is carried out. Therefore, during occupied hours, the comfortable ventilation level can be ensured, and, during unoccupied hours, it can be reduced to a minimum. According to the results of the study, the use of intermittent air exchange mode in the studied apartment on weekdays, leads to decrease in energy consumption compared to constant air exchange at the level of upper values of the ventilation schedule. In terms of energy efficiency, the use of the constant air change rate from ASHRAE Std 62 is the most efficient approach. In terms of indoor air quality and concentration of CO2 and VOCs, the scheduled air exchange approach with increased air change rates (from EN 16798) during occupied hours is more efficient. Therefore, the use of required and experimental air change rate values to create the hourly schedules allows to define more precisely a building energy consumption and to choose an optimal operation schedule for building engineering systems to provide thermal comfort and indoor air quality during occupied hours.
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Niu, Miaomiao, and Robert M. Leicht. "Information exchange requirements for building walk-through energy audits." Science and Technology for the Built Environment 22, no. 3 (February 25, 2016): 328–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23744731.2016.1151713.
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Be´nard, C., B. Guerrier, and M. M. Rosset-Loue¨rat. "Optimal Building Energy Management: Part I—Modeling." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 114, no. 1 (February 1, 1992): 2–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2929978.
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We analyze the advantages of solving building energy management problems with the techniques of optimal control. Our approach consists of describing the dynamic behavior of a heated building with a simple model and controlling the whole system by minimizing a criterion defined for a time horizon of a few days. The two control components are the heat delivered to the building, and the variable heat exchange through the building envelope. In Part I, input (control and meteorological data) and output (indoor temperature) are related through a simplified state-space representation of the building. Part II is devoted to the actual computation of the control input. Results are given for two categories of buildings: The first is characterized by important direct solar gains. The inside structure is of low thermal inertia and so is the heating system. The second type of building is well insulated, with less glazing and less solar gain. The heavy internal structure of the building and the distribution of heat give a large thermal inertia to the system.
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Borowski, Marek, Klaudia Zwolińska, and Marcin Czerwiński. "Analysis of heat exchanger in an air handling unit – A case study." E3S Web of Conferences 321 (2021): 04018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202132104018.
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Ventilation plays an important role in providing comfortable conditions for users and is also one of the most energy-consuming systems in the building. Due to successive regulations aimed at reducing the energy load of buildings towards zero-energy buildings, energy recovery systems in air handling units have become an indispensable element. The high effectiveness of the entire system guarantees a reduction in energy demand. At very low or very high external temperatures, appropriate comfort conditions are provided by additional heaters or coolers. The subject of the paper is a ventilation system in a hotel located in southern Poland. The building is a faithful reconstruction of the historical saltworks adapted for the needs of the hotel. The air handling unit equipped with a rotary exchanger supplies air to hotel rooms located on two floors. The analysis includes the effectiveness of the air-handling unit operation under various external conditions, as well as the temperature changes during heat exchange. The results show the actual operation of the air-handling unit, which is particularly important in terms of reducing the energy consumption of the hotel.
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Kariuk, Alla, Roman Mishchenko, Volodymyr Pents, and Vira Shchepak. "Energy performance of buildings in European Union countries and Ukraine." ACADEMIC JOURNAL Series: Industrial Machine Building, Civil Engineering 1, no. 52 (July 5, 2019): 185–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.26906/znp.2019.52.1695.
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Complex comparative analysis of building energy performance rates in EU countries and Ukraine has been carried out.The relation between building insulation rates and European countries climate condition has been investigated. It is illustratedthat there is a significant gap between building energy efficiency characteristics in Ukraine and in most of the EU countries.Economically justified rates of building envelope heat exchange resistance which can lead Ukraine to common Europeanlevel based on optimized calculations are suggested. The necessity for further increase in building envelope heat exchange resistancerates in order to raise building energy efficiency and put Ukrainian building regulations in harmony with EU countriescorresponding norms is proved.
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Borukhava, L. V., and A. S. Shybeka. "Introduction of Norms for Air Exchange in Rooms and Energy Efficiency of Residential Buildings." Science & Technique 17, no. 4 (July 31, 2018): 306–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/2227-1031-2018-17-4-306-313.
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Energy saving policy conducted all over the world and in Belarus, particularly, leads to revision of technical standard and legal acts on thermal protection of buildings. Gradual increase of resistance to heat transfer of enclosing structures reduces transmission heat losses however expenses on infiltration air heating remain unchangeable. Due to this their portion in overall heat balance of residential buildings is gradually increasing: up to thermal rehabilitation of a building the portion constitutes 30 %, after this process the portion is equal to 53 %. In order to find methods for reduction of heat losses the paper considers an origin of the current standard for inlet air which is equal to 3 m³/h per 1 m² of residential area. It has been shown that the given value has been determined on the assumption of air exchange which is required for assimilation of carbon dioxide and residential area standard per one person. The required air exchange can be reduced up to 1.5 m³/(h×m²) due to improvement of population living conditions and increase in provision of residential area. Calculations have also shown that the given reduction makes it possible to enhance energy efficiency class of a building and decrease portion of heat losses on heating inlet air in overall heat balance. The paper has also revealed that rational light location on both sides permits to reduce a specific index of heat energy consumption for heating and ventilation of a residential building. Determination of outlet air consumption for kitchens has been considered simultaneously with determination of inlet air consumption. It has been ascertained that in order to support combustion process and removal of combustion products consumption of outlet air must constitute 10–20 m³/h according to type of gas stove. Due to the fact that windows can not support the proposed and existing air exchanges they must be completed with plenum valves.
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Dong, Ming, Jialiang Zhang, Liufeng Zhang, Lianbo Liu, and Xingqiang Zhang. "Research on Relative Humidity and Energy Savings for Air-Conditioned Spaces without Humidity Control When Adopting Air-to-Air Total Heat Exchangers in Winter." Buildings 14, no. 4 (April 1, 2024): 969. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings14040969.
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In view of the problem that the exchange effectiveness is calculated according to a fixed value or only considering the influence of outdoor air parameters when analyzing the suitability of total heat recovery for plate heat recovery equipment in air-conditioned spaces without humidity control, the indoor humidity calculation model and moisture balance equation were established in this research to predict relative indoor humidity. Moreover, the relationship between total heat recovery, effective heat recovery, and the reduction in outdoor air heating load was analyzed using a psychrometric chart of the outdoor air treatment process. Referring to the standard for weather data of building energy efficiency in the Ningbo region, 6 typical days were taken as the calculation conditions. The moisture balance differential equation was solved using MATLAB software to obtain numerical solutions for the hourly indoor air humidity ratio, relative humidity, exchange effectiveness, and effective heat recovery when adopting an air-to-air total heat exchanger in an air-conditioned room of an office, classroom, or commercial building in the winter. The results indicate that, under the calculation conditions, the relative indoor humidity of commercial buildings is relatively high, making it unsuitable for a total heat exchanger. The relative humidity of indoor air in offices and classrooms can be maintained above 30%, and the total exchange effectiveness of a total heat exchanger is between 45% and 100%. The effective total heat recovery was calculated as sensible heat recovery under most calculation conditions.
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D’Agostino, Diana, Federico Minelli, Francesco Minichiello, and Maddalena Musella. "Improving the Indoor Air Quality of Office Buildings in the Post-Pandemic Era—Impact on Energy Consumption and Costs." Energies 17, no. 4 (February 12, 2024): 855. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17040855.
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Before the COVID-19 pandemic, ventilation in buildings was not always given its due importance. The World Health Organization has highlighted the important role of air exchange with the outdoors in improving the air quality in buildings; buildings should, therefore, be equipped with mechanical ventilation or adequate air conditioning systems. This paper aims to investigate different retrofit solutions for air conditioning, evaluating them in terms of energy consumption and cost and the impact of increased outdoor air exchange rates on countering the propagation of COVID-19; the latter is the main novelty of the paper. As a case study, we take an existing office building located in Central Italy that was previously not equipped with a mechanical ventilation system (a system with primary air was introduced during the study). The energy analysis was conducted using dynamic simulation software after validation through energy bills; energy and economic analyses were conducted considering different external-air exchange rates. An optimal number of outdoor air changes was found to mitigate the risk of COVID-19 infection, a finding in line with the international literature. The increase in air changes with outdoor air leads to a rise in energy consumption and costs. These values were evaluated for different air conditioning systems and operational schedules. These drawbacks can be made less significant by combining interventions in the system with energy-efficiency measures applied to the building envelope.
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Afzalan, Milad, and Farrokh Jazizadeh. "Quantification of Demand-Supply Balancing Capacity among Prosumers and Consumers: Community Self-Sufficiency Assessment for Energy Trading." Energies 14, no. 14 (July 17, 2021): 4318. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14144318.
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With the increased adoption of distributed energy resources (DERs) and renewables, such as solar panels at the building level, consumers turn into prosumers with generation capability to supply their on-site demand. The temporal complementarity between supply and demand at the building level provides opportunities for energy exchange between prosumers and consumers towards community-level self-sufficiency. Investigating different aspects of community-level energy exchange in cyber and physical layers has received attention in recent years with the increase in renewables adoption. In this study, we have presented an in-depth investigation into the impact of energy exchange through the quantification of temporal energy deficit–surplus complementarity and its associated self-sufficiency capacities by considering the impact of variations in community infrastructure configurations, variations in household energy use patterns, and the potential for user adaptation for load flexibility. To this end, we have adopted a data-driven simulation using real-world data from a case-study neighborhood consisting of ~250 residential buildings in Austin, TX with a mix of prosumers and consumers and detailed data on decentralized DERs. By accounting for the uncertainties in energy consumption patterns across households, different levels of PV and energy storage integration, and different modalities of user adaptation, various scenarios of operations were simulated. The analysis showed that with PV integration of more than 75%, energy exchange could result in self-sufficiency for the entire community during peak generation hours from 11 a.m. to 3 p.m. However, there are limited opportunities for energy exchange during later times with PV-standalone systems. As a potential solution, leveraging building-level storage or user adaptation for load shedding/shifting during the 2-h low-generation timeframe (i.e., 5–7 p.m.) was shown to increase community self-sufficiency during generation hours by 17% and 5–10%, respectively, to 83% and 71–76%.
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Balaras, Constantinos A., Simon Kontoyiannidis, Elena G. Dascalaki, and Kaliopi G. Droutsa. "Intelligent Services for Building Information Modeling - Assessing Variable Input Weather Data for Building Simulations." Open Construction and Building Technology Journal 7, no. 1 (October 31, 2013): 138–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874836820131022005.
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Building Information Modeling (BIM) for optimizing the total lifecycle cost of buildings is a challenge even today. Inadequate software interoperability, high costs as a result of the fragmented nature of the building industry, lack of standardization, inconsistent technology adoption among stakeholders are just some of the obstacles that architects and engineers face. However, optimization requires a structured procedure that enables continuous changes in design variables and assessment on energy consumption. A holistic building design and construction are already introduced in Europe through the energy performance of buildings directive (EPBD). The requirements have been strengthened by the EPBD recast for achieving cost optimal building designs for the life cycle of the building, moving towards nearly zero energy buildings by the end of the decade. BIM and intelligent services could play a crucial role in these efforts with improved visualization and productivity due to easy retrieval of information, increased coordination of data and exchange of information, all leading to a reduced cost for the design of energy efficient buildings. An ongoing European research project aims to contribute to these needs by developing a Virtual Energy Laboratory that will support building energy performance simulations taking into account the stochastic nature of input parameters and processes. This will be supported by information communication technology features utilizing the necessary computational power through cloud computing. This paper presents an overview of the ongoing efforts and focuses on results for assessing the impact of different input weather and climate data that are pertinent in building load and energy performance calculations.
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Ariyaratne, R., H. Karunathilake, and H. Punchihewa. "Energy performance enhancement in institutional and commercial buildings." Bolgoda Plains 2, no. 2 (December 2022): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31705/bprm.v2(2).2022.5.
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The built environment has been identified as a major contributor to the energy consumption as well as the GHG emissions across the world. Enhancing the energy performance of the building sector is crucial in meeting the current climate action targets, as well as in improving the economic outcomes and welfare of building owners and occupants. With the current energy and foreign exchange reserve crises faced by Sri Lanka, it is clearly evident that reducing the energy use in buildings as well as the reliance on imported fossil fuels are important. When it comes to greenhouse gas emissions curbing and climate action initiatives, demand side management initiatives appear to be more promising for Sri Lanka compared to supply side interventions, as the latter have higher costs of mitigation [3]. The effectiveness of the energy efficiency enhancement strategies employed in buildings depends on the archetype of the building as well as locational parameters such as climate conditions [1].
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Jafari, Mohsen A., Ali Ghofrani, Esmat Zaidan, and Ammar Abulibdeh. "Improving building energy footprint and asset performance using digital twin technology." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Smart Infrastructure and Construction 174, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 57–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/jsmic.21.00001.
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This article presents a novel architecture by integrating the existing asset management theory with building simulation technology for effective maintenance strategies and operational control schemes. Building performance, value and energy usage collectively define the criteria for optimisation. Building assets are partially or fully connected with building internet of things and their real-time conditions are accessible at all times. An asset’s value is derived from the functional contributions of that asset to the overall business objective of the system that it is part of. The architecture consists of digital twin, analytics and business value mode engines and in-between gateways for data exchange. The paper provides illustrative examples for how the platform can serve the operations and maintenance objectives of existing and new buildings.
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Yuan, Jing Ling, Rui Tu, Yan Yuan, and Jing Xie. "Research on Unified Storage Format for Building Information Modeling." Advanced Materials Research 860-863 (December 2013): 2834–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.860-863.2834.
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With the constant development of global information technology in building industry, different vendors utilize their own format to store building information modeling; however the incompatibility among these formats obstructs the use and share of the modeling information. Targeting the information exchange and share in each phase of the whole building lifecycle and promoting the energy saving and emission reducing buildings, this paper introduces the information on IFC standards, then discusses the mainstream share formats (.ifc and .ifcXML) in building industry, and compares and analyzes the differences between them, in order to provide leading support for the management platform of data information on building energy efficiency.
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Feng, Xian Jie. "Passive Wireless Communication Technology Applied in Green Building." Advanced Materials Research 1061-1062 (December 2014): 1190–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1061-1062.1190.
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The passive wireless communication as a kind of advanced new technology, has been widely applied in the green energy-saving buildings. It is through the control of building system terminal equipments, data exchange mode and control layer, and update the mechanical and electrical equipment control logic, to achieve the purpose of implementation of green energy-saving renovation project. The use of this technology to radically reduce the construction cost, and not just make the energy consumption of building system control, and a substantial reduction in cable laying, metal used, battery replacement, pollutants brought about by the construction cost. Advanced passive wireless sensor, using energy collection technology, and make full use of indoor light energy in daily life, human activities of mechanical energy, etc., to achieve the purpose of automatic control of the green building system.
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Long, Nicholas, Katherine Fleming, Christopher CaraDonna, and Cory Mosiman. "BuildingSync: A schema for commercial building energy audit data exchange." Developments in the Built Environment 7 (July 2021): 100054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dibe.2021.100054.
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Vorre, Mette Havgaard, Rasmus Lund Jensen, and Jérôme Le Dréau. "Radiation exchange between persons and surfaces for building energy simulations." Energy and Buildings 101 (August 2015): 110–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2015.05.005.
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Garyaeva, Venera. "BIM modeling for sustainable design and energy efficient construction." E3S Web of Conferences 263 (2021): 04057. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126304057.
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The goal of sustainable construction is to improve the energy efficiency of a building, which today is a challenge for software developers, builders, owners within the constraints of time, cost, provision and resources. Building functional, sustainable, safe, comfortable and easy-to-use buildings will increase consumer demand. The problem of implementing sustainable construction lies in the division of responsibilities and tasks from the relevant specialists. This article explores the role of Building Information Modeling (BIM) in reducing fragmentation among professionals at every stage of construction. The possibility of using a virtual storage of information using BIM is analyzed, which provides easy access to data and their exchange in real time. Thus, BIM provides a professional platform for working in an integrated environment at any stage of the building construction process. When analyzing Russian and foreign sourcesthe prerequisites are being created for the future research required to generate improvements towards sustainable construction.
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Vourdoubas, John. "Realization of a Small Residential Building with Zero CO2 Emissions Due to Energy Use in Crete, Greece." Studies in Engineering and Technology 4, no. 1 (July 31, 2017): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/set.v4i1.2567.
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European buildings account for large amounts of energy consumption and CO2 emissions and current EU policies target in decreasing their energy consumption and subsequent CO2 emissions. Realization of a small, grid-connected, residential building with zero CO2 emissions due to energy use in Crete, Greece shows that this can be easily achieved. Required heat and electricity in the building were generated with the use of locally available renewable energies including solar energy and solid biomass. Annual energy consumption and on-site energy generation were balanced over a year as well as the annual electricity exchange between the building and the grid. Technologies used for heat and power generation included solar-thermal, solar-PV and solid-biomass burning which are reliable, mature and cost-effective. Annual energy consumption in the 65 m2 building was 180 KWh/m2 and its annual CO2 emissions were 84.67 kgCO2/m2. The total capital cost of the required renewable energy systems was estimated at approximately 10.77% of its total construction cost, and the required capital investments in renewable energy systems, in order to achieve the goal of a residential building with zero CO2 emissions due to energy use, were 1.65 € per kgCO2, saved annually. The results of this study prove that the creation of zero CO2 emissions buildings is technically feasible, economically attractive and environmentally friendly. Therefore they could be used to create future policies promoting the creation of this type of building additionally to the existing policies promoting near-zero energy buildings.
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Liu, Zi Yi, and Shou Yi Wang. "Study on Digitalized Energy Conservation of Industrial Buildings and Materials." Applied Mechanics and Materials 329 (June 2013): 244–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.329.244.
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Digitalization is not only an information storing and processing technology, but also a technical foundation for the information society and the knowledge economy society. It changes not only the development process of production technology thoroughly, but also the life style and thinking concepts of people greatly. In this paper, through analyzing the influence of digital technology on industrial buildings, the development trend of industrial building energy conservation is discussed, and also the idea about the digitalized energy conservation of industrial buildings is proposed. That is, cored at digital technology, the exchange and sharing of all kinds of information and resources inside and outside the environment of industrial buildings are realized through the digitalization, networking and management service standardization of building information, so that a safe, efficient, comfortable and humanized production, work and living environment can be provided for people.
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Nawalany, Grzegorz, Jana Lendelova, Paweł Sokołowski, and Miroslav Zitnak. "Numerical Analysis of the Impact of the Location of a Commercial Broiler House on Its Energy Management and Heat Exchange with the Ground." Energies 14, no. 24 (December 19, 2021): 8565. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14248565.
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This paper addresses the impact of location on energy management and ground heat transfer in a commercial large-scale broiler house. Four locations in Europe were selected for analysis: Krakow (Poland), Vienna (Austria), Modena (Italy), and Oslo (Norway). An analysis of the impact of location on energy management was performed using the numerical method of computing elemental balances (MEB). WUFIplus® computer software was used to assist in the calculation process. Computer simulations of the effects of location on selected technical factors were performed after validating the computational model. The complex area of building and land was divided into cuboidal balance–difference elements using model discretization. Energy and temperature balance calculations were performed for each balance–difference element assuming a time step every 60 min. Validation of the computational model was performed based on the measured temperature inside and outside the broiler house. The variation in outdoor climate significantly affected the energy flow through the building envelope and ventilation system. Providing that the same material and construction solutions are adopted, a building located in the south of Europe requires 43% less energy for heating compared to a building located in the northern part of the continent. Due to it having the highest solar radiation, the highest energy gains were obtained for the building located in Modena. The buildings located in Krakow and Vienna had a 50% lower yield of thermal energy from the external environment. The percentage of land in the energy balance of the studied building ranged from 8.00 to 8.56%, depending on location. The highest energy gains were obtained for the building located in Modena (4112.8 kWh/a). The buildings located in Krakow and Vienna were characterized by a heat energy yield from the external environment that was two times lower. For the site located in Oslo, it was found that the largest thermal energy gain came from the ground medium located under and surrounding the broiler house (1137 kWh/a). The location of the broiler house significantly affects year-round heating needs. The building located in Oslo required 677,207.2 kWh/a of energy for heating purposes.
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Pan, Wente, and Hongyuan Mei. "A Design Strategy for Energy-Efficient Rural Houses in Severe Cold Regions." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 18 (September 6, 2020): 6481. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186481.
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In the past decade, Chinese urban areas have seen rapid development, and rural areas are becoming the next construction hotspot. The development of rural buildings in China has lagged behind urban development, and there is a lack of energy-efficient rural buildings. Rural houses in severe cold regions have the characteristics of large energy exchange, a long heating cycle, and low construction costs. Energy consumption is a crucial issue for rural houses in severe cold regions. How to balance the energy efficiency and building cost become a crucial problem. To solve this problem, we investigate the energy consumption of rural housing in cold regions, using Longquan Village in Heilongjiang Province, northeast China, as a case study. A low-energy design framework is established that considers the spatial layout, building type, enclosure system, and heating system. With the support of project funds, a demonstration house is constructed, and the energy savings performance of the building is investigated during the heating period. The results indicate that the energy savings rate of the demonstration house is 66%. The demonstration building enables local residents to learn construction methods for low-energy houses and promotes energy efficiency.
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Chang, Jing Yi, Yean Der Kuan, and Sheng Shian Liou. "Integration of Renewable Energy Technology in Building." Applied Mechanics and Materials 71-78 (July 2011): 2336–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.71-78.2336.
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The main “energy saving indicator,” from among nine green building indicators, evaluates the electrical power consumption of air conditioners and lighting. This study developed a small indoor personal office system with a 500W proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEM fuel cell) as the power source, composed of LED indoor lighting, air fan, LED table lamp, notebook computer, printer, and acoustic equipment. Under continuous operations of 24h, this office system will generate 12kwh of electricity, which reduces 7.656kg of carbon dioxide output. If continuously operated for 1 year, it will generate 4,320kwh electricity, which reduces 2,756.16kg of carbon dioxide output. In addition, the side product water can be recycled as landscape water.
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Peri, Giorgia, Gianfranco Rizzo, Gianluca Scaccianoce, and Giancarlo Sorrentino. "Role of Green Coverings in Mitigating Heat Island Effects: An Analysis of Physical Models." Applied Mechanics and Materials 260-261 (December 2012): 251–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.260-261.251.
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Worldwide, governments are introducing several rules and standards in the aim of limiting the quantity of primary energy for air conditioning of buildings and supporting the use of renewable source of energy for generating thermal and electric energy to be utilized in buildings such as the European Directive on the Energy Performance of Buildings [1]. Along with these interventions, another important action takes currently place in the building sector, that is the introduction of passive structural components of the envelope, able to reduce the requirements of energy for air conditioning purposes. Among these building components, the so-called green roofs are becoming more and more interesting for designer and buildings owners. This simple technical solution, in fact, apart its effectiveness in lowering particularly the summer cooling loads, could make more attractive the shape of each single building and, when adopted on a large extension, of an entire city district, reducing the risks for urban heat island phenomena that represent a severe problem in urban contexts. In this work, a short review of the literature models for computing the energy balance of roof coverings will be proposed, with particular reference in modelling the heat exchange of a canopy.
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Kim, Joowook, and Michael J. Brandemuehl. "Application Method of a Simplified Heat and Moisture Transfer Model of Building Construction in Residential Buildings." Energies 14, no. 14 (July 10, 2021): 4180. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14144180.
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Several building energy simulation programs have been developed to evaluate the indoor conditions and energy performance of buildings. As a fundamental component of heating, ventilating, and air conditioning loads, each building energy modeling tool calculates the heat and moisture exchange among the outdoor environment, building envelope, and indoor environments. This paper presents a simplified heat and moisture transfer model of the building envelope, and case studies for building performance obtained by different heat and moisture transfer models are conducted to investigate the contribution of the proposed steady-state moisture flux (SSMF) method. For the analysis, three representative humid locations in the United States are considered: Miami, Atlanta, and Chicago. The results show that the SSMF model effectively complements the latent heat transfer calculation in conduction transfer function (CTF) and effective moisture penetration depth (EMPD) models during the cooling season. In addition, it is found that the ceiling part of a building largely constitutes the latent heat generated by the SSMF model.
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Borowski, Marek. "Hotel Adapted to the Requirements of an nZEB Building—Thermal Energy Performance and Assessment of Energy Retrofit Plan." Energies 15, no. 17 (August 30, 2022): 6332. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15176332.
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Recently, emissions and the energy use of the building and construction sector globally increased. Therefore, energy retrofit processes and reducing the energy consumption of buildings are increasingly often discussed by the academic community, industry, and end-users. The application of high-performance technologies and highly insulating materials results in a low energy demand in newly constructed buildings. A crucial challenge is to reduce energy consumption in existing buildings. The article presents an energy analysis of the reconstruction of a historic building adapted to hotel functionality. Based on the available information on the design of the facility, and the annual demand for cooling and heating energy, simulations of the energy performance were carried out. The proposals to exchange the heat source and replace the existing systems were simulated and assessed. Three different retrofit options were analyzed, including the replacement of the air handling unit (variant 1—v1), bathroom fixtures (v2), and, in the last scenario analyzed (v3), the above-mentioned activities and the usage of tri-generation units. As the results show, such solutions allow for the reduction in final energy consumption of 20%, to 73% regarding the baseline variant.
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Bastos Porsani, Gabriela, Kattalin Del Valle de Lersundi, Ana Sánchez-Ostiz Gutiérrez, and Carlos Fernández Bandera. "Interoperability between Building Information Modelling (BIM) and Building Energy Model (BEM)." Applied Sciences 11, no. 5 (March 1, 2021): 2167. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11052167.
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Building information modelling (BIM) is the first step towards the implementation of the industrial revolution 4.0, in which virtual reality and digital twins are key elements. At present, buildings are responsible for 40% of the energy consumption in Europe and, so, there is a growing interest in reducing their energy use. In this context, proper interoperability between BIM and building energy model (BEM) is paramount for integrating the digital world into the construction sector and, therefore, increasing competitiveness by saving costs. This paper evaluates whether there is an automated or semi-automated BIM to BEM workflow that could improve the building design process. For this purpose, a residential building and a warehouse are constructed using the same BIM authoring tool (Revit), where two open schemas were used: green building extensible markup language (gbXML) and industry foundation classes (IFC). These transfer files were imported into software compatible with the EnergyPlus engine—Design Builder, Open Studio, and CYPETHERM HE—in which simulations were performed. Our results showed that the energy models were built up to 7.50% smaller than in the BIM and with missing elements in their thermal envelope. Nevertheless, the materials were properly transferred to gbXML and IFC formats. Moreover, the simulation results revealed a huge difference in values between the models generated by the open schemas, in the range of 6 to 900 times. Overall, we conclude that there exists a semi-automated workflow from BIM to BEM which does not work well for big and complex buildings, as they present major problems when creating the energy model. Furthermore, most of the issues encountered in BEM were errors in the transfer of BIM data to gbXML and IFC files. Therefore, we emphasise the need to improve compatibility between BIM and model exchange formats by their developers, in order to promote BIM–BEM interoperability.
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Vecchi, Francesca, and Umberto Berardi. "Mixed-use neighbourhood to maximise urban energy community potential." E3S Web of Conferences 523 (2024): 05002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202452305002.
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Renewable energy communities (REC) are key drivers in promoting energy transition to renewable energy sources (RES). To maximise local potential for RECs, matching demand and local production requires the integration of different load profiles. Residential users prevail in urban areas while planning mixed-use neighbourhoods would contribute to having complementary loads towards urban RECs. Mixed areas can optimise the use of renewable production at different hours and limit demand pressures on the network. However, detailed spatial analyses are required to cluster building functions for long-term benefits. This work investigates which mix of building functions in urban blocks can maximise energy self-consumption and self-sufficiency. Five blocks combining residential with productive and tertiary activities are chosen, from a completely residential to a heterogeneous mix. The single loads use representative buildings for the Italian context. The integration of building functions flattens the energy peak loads in the district while increasing the use of PV production. The study identifies the residential and non-residential ratios to maximise energy selfconsumption and self-sufficiency. Domestic users would mainly exploit the production from nearby non-domestic buildings, but adequate exchange mechanisms and upgrade of infrastructure still need to be implemented.
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Pinheiro, Sergio, Reinhard Wimmer, James O’Donnell, Sergej Muhic, Vladimir Bazjanac, Tobias Maile, Jérôme Frisch, and Christoph van Treeck. "MVD based information exchange between BIM and building energy performance simulation." Automation in Construction 90 (June 2018): 91–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2018.02.009.
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Sánka, Imrich, and Dušan Petráš. "Energy conservation by retrofitting of dwellings." E3S Web of Conferences 111 (2019): 03010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911103010.
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This article investigates the impact of energy renovation on the indoor environmental quality of apartment building during heating season. The study was performed in one residential building before and after its renovation. Energy auditing and classification of the selected building into energy classes were carried out. Additionally, evaluation of indoor air quality was performed using objective measurements and subjective survey. Thermal environment and concentration of CO2 was measured in bedrooms. Higher concentrations of CO2 was observed in the residential building after its renovation. The concentrations of CO2, in some cases exceeded the recommended maximum limits, especially after implementing of energy saving measures on the building. The average air exchange rate was visible higher before renovation of the building. The current study indicates that large-scale of renovations may reduce the quality of the indoor environment in many apartments, especially in the winter season.
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Roessler, Franz, Jai Azzam, Volker Grimm, Hans Hingmann, Tina Orovwighose, Nina Jach, Tomas Schanze, and Joachim Breckow. "First steps in the development of a possible measurement method to estimate the radon concentration as an indicator of the indoor air quality." Nuclear Technology and Radiation Protection 29, suppl. (2014): 52–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ntrp140ss52r.
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The energy conservation regulation provides upper limits for the annual primary energy requirements for new buildings and old building renovation. The actions required could accompany a reduction of the air exchange rate and cause a degradation of the indoor air quality. In addition to climate and building specific aspects, the air exchange rate is essentially affected by the residents. Present methods for the estimation of the indoor air quality can only be effected under test conditions, whereby the influence of the residents cannot be considered and so an estimation under daily routine cannot be ensured. In the context of this contribution first steps of a method are presented, that allows an estimation of the progression of the air exchange rate under favourable conditions by using radon as an indicator. Therefore mathematical connections are established that could be affirmed practically in an experimental set-up. So this method could provide a tool that allows the estimation of the progression of the air exchange rate and in a later step the estimation of a correlating progression of air pollutant concentrations without limitations of using the dwelling.
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Jaunzems, D., and I. Veidenbergs. "Influence of Thermo-Dynamic Properties and Thermal Inertia of the Building Envelope on Building Cooling Load." Scientific Journal of Riga Technical University. Environmental and Climate Technologies 3, no. 3 (January 1, 2009): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10145-009-0008-5.
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Influence of Thermo-Dynamic Properties and Thermal Inertia of the Building Envelope on Building Cooling Load Buildings are responsible for about 30 % of the total energy consumption of Latvia. Specific heat consumption is 200-225 kWh/m2 per annum, for its part the average consumption of one household is about 1000-1200 kWh per annum. Due to increasing needs for comfort, an increase in the total area of buildings covered by glass, as well as intensified interest in establishing a good microclimate in buildings, there is also increasingly more attention paid on to the cooling load of buildings and the related heat transfer and exchange processes. Thermal inertia and the thermal mass of building envelope are main factors, which substantially influence the amplitude of changes in temperature and the period during which the internal temperature is dependant on the external temperature.
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Parker, James, David Glew, Martin Fletcher, Felix Thomas, and Christopher Gorse. "Accounting for refrigeration heat exchange in energy performance simulations of large food retail buildings." Building Services Engineering Research and Technology 38, no. 3 (October 28, 2016): 253–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143624416675389.
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Heat exchange between chilled food storage and conditioned spaces in large food retail stores is not currently required as part of design stage regulatory compliance energy performance models. Existing work has identified that this exchange has a significant impact on store energy demand and subsequently leads to unrealistic assessment of building performance. Research presented in this article uses whole building dynamic thermal simulation models that are calibrated against real store performance data, quantifying the impact of the refrigeration driven heat exchange. Proxy refrigerated units are used to simulate the impact of these units for the sales floor areas. A methodology is presented that allows these models to be simplified with the aim of calculating a realistic process heat exchange for refrigeration and including this in thermal simulation models; a protocol for the measurement of chilled sales areas and their inclusion in the building models is also proposed. It is intended that this modelling approach and the calculated process heat exchange inputs can be used to improve the dynamic thermal simulation of large food retail stores, reduce gaps between predicted and actual performance and provide more representative inputs for design stage and regulatory compliance energy calculations. Practical application: The modelling methodology and research findings presented in the article are of practical use for building energy modelling engineers using dynamic simulation models to design and/or evaluate the energy performance of large food retail stores. The methodology can be used in the design of new facilities or the evaluation of large scale retrofit projects. It is also of practical interest to energy and facility managers within large food retail organisations as it will aid their understanding of applied energy performance models.
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Khan, Sahil Ali, and Mohammad Arif Kamal. "Geothermal Energy System for Passive Design in Buildings: Applications and Comparative Analysis." Architecture Engineering and Science 3, no. 2 (April 20, 2022): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.32629/aes.v3i2.763.
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The use of renewable energy is essential for sustainable development, and buildings are responsible for a significant part of energy consumption. Therefore, this study is focused on geothermal energy and its application to buildings and its potential significance for energy savings and minimizing the carbon footprint. In this study, geothermal systems like earth air tunnel systems, geothermal exchange systems, earth sheltering systems have been studied and classified, based on their efficiency in different building typologies and climate, and factors affecting these systems are discussed, and systems selection for different needs and method of installation have been analyzed. Four case studies based on different geothermal systems in different regions and of different building typologies have also been compared to assess the performance and evolution in the field. Sustainable development is not the idea but the need for the future and minimizing the carbon footprint of the building is a step towards it, the use of renewable energy supports that step. Geothermal energy alone can be used for different purposes like electricity generation, passive and active heating, and cooling, also other renewable energies like solar for lighting load, use of biofuels for consumption purposes, will lead to an environment where the carbon footprint of the building can be minimized to zero.
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Giyazov, Adham I. "Development of an efficient water-heating waste heat boiler." Stroitel'stvo: nauka i obrazovanie [Construction: Science and Education] 12, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 86–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/2305-5502.2022.3.5.
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Introduction. Problems of waste gas heat recovery are relevant in the course production activities. Secondary thermal energy resources are the most widely spread type of energy waste. Efficient recovery of waste heat will reduce energy costs. The building of a cafeteria, that has a water-heating waste heat boiler (WHB) represents a widely spread type of industrial buildings in eastern countries, where hot water and heating can be provided by using heat waste recovered from groups of tandoor furnaces. The purpose of the research is to study unsteady convective flows of heat passing through the pipe of a tandoor heat exchanger and to develop a simple design of a small-sized, easy to manufacture, economical and safe model of a water heating device for the needs of the national economy. Materials and methods. The research is based on a comprehensive methodology employed to study, analyze and generalize thermophysical processes based on the study of convective unsteady heat flows in heat exchanger pipes of tandoor furnaces. Results. The research result represents higher thermal efficiency of the WHB installed in the building of a cafeteria due to the heating, accumulation and heat transfer by vertical finned steel heat-exchanger pipes in the cylindrical boiler in the course of convective heating by the outlet gas used as the heat carrier without returning heat to the water heating boiler. Conclusions. The cafeteria building has scientifically and practically grounded design of a WHB tandoor group, which is a vertical cylindrical tank filled with water, in which vertical outlet heat exchange pipes are placed. Heat, emitted during the operation of tandoors, is used to bake flatbreads and bread by burning wood, coal, natural gas or electric heaters. This heat heats boiler sections to supply hot water to consumers and heat the building premises. The method of finned pipes extends the field of application of the device, increasing the coefficient of heat capacity and heat exchange, as well as the capacity of equipment.
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GHEDHAB, Mohamed Elamine, Ikram El ABBASSI, Rafik ABSI, and Yannick MÉLINGE. "Numerical study of the effect of DSF walls geometrical shape on heat transfer." E3S Web of Conferences 170 (2020): 01005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017001005.
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The building envelope is an important element that influences energy performance, both in terms of gains and losses. Indeed, much research has focused on improving and optimizing this element. The façade represents the main component of the envelope; it plays a crucial role lying in the protection of the internal environment of the building from external climate variations, by providing thermal comfort to its occupants. In order to gain in energy efficiency, a numerical investigation (CFD) on the influence of the geometric shape of façades on heat exchange in the building is carried out in this work. More particularly, the study will be established on double skin façades (DSF) representing the most commonly used facade typology on high-rise buildings. The simulations will be carried out taking into account the climate in Paris region. The first part will be dedicated to the definition of the basic model, which will be considered as a reference case with plan surfaces on the outside and inside of the building. In the second part, the influence of the shape of the external façade on heat exchange will be discussed.
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Kaoulal, Rabea, Sidi Bekkouche, Tayeb Benouaz, and Sofiane Kherrour. "New opportunities for ventilation assistance in buildings under Saharan climatic conditions." Thermal Science 21, no. 6 Part B (2017): 2907–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci151205167k.
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The aim of this paper is devoted to the coupling of ventilation systems with buildings with low energy performances under a specific Saharan climate. In the second part, the objective is to diagnose and quantify energy consumptions due to the ventilation of a real residential building in Ghardaia site. As result, ventilation system can bring a positive support to the thermos-aeraulic comfort by controlling the mass flow rate of the air entering to the heated or/and cooled building zone. Heat losses due to the ventilation system represent 4.75% of the total losses; the provided heat exchange in this case requires an additional consumption of around 6.6058% of the total energy needs.
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Voronuk, Andrey. "About Secondary Energy Resources, Heat Exchange Ventilation." Electronics and Control Systems 1, no. 71 (June 27, 2022): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.18372/1990-5548.71.16823.
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The article deals with life support systems, the main purpose of such systems is to make the building suitable for human life, or to create comfortable conditions for work. To create a favorable environment, optimal temperature and humidity in all residential and industrial premises, ventilation and air conditioning systems are used. The main goal of the work was the development of a high-tech energy-saving ventilation and air conditioning system with a modern automated control system. At the same time, the main directions of modernization of energy-saving control systems were developed, the hardware support of the energy-saving ventilation system was developed, the choice of the type of recuperator as an energy conservation subsystem was justified, the main elements of the system were calculated, the components of the ventilation and air conditioning system were modeled, a model of the supply-exhaust ventilation system was developed, and experimental tests were carried out research.
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Hamdan, Mohammad, Parham Mirzaei, and Mark Gillott. "Life Cycle Cost Assessment and Retrofit in Community Scale: A Case Study of Jordan." E3S Web of Conferences 396 (2023): 04012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202339604012.
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In the last few years, the renovation and refurbishment of existing buildings have been recognized as one of the main strategies to achieve energy efficiency and sustainability goals. However, the current studies have mainly focused on the retrofit, life cycle assessment (LCA), and Life Cycle Cost (LCC) of buildings in isolation without envisaging the impact of microclimate and the surrounding buildings on the outcome of energy simulation. Specifically, many energy simulation software needs to include the environmental responses when buildings are treated with outdoor conditions based on weather data from the nearest metrological site. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the impact of microclimate on retrofit and LCC of a community of buildings rather than a single isolated building. For this purpose, a coupling method is developed to integrate building energy simulation (BES) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD), which exchange parameters on a dynamic time step basis using Envi-met to create weather files from microclimate parameters and use it on energy simulation through DesignBuilder software. Furthermore, this study interlinks the life cycle cost assessment and retrofit strategies on a community scale. A case study of Amman – Jordan, is selected in this paper by one a residential building with two floors and an area of 450. At the same time, the retrofit strategy is considered as implementing green roofs for community areas, which are implemented in the context around the buildings. In addition, this study calculates the net present value and the pack period regarding the life cycle cost study. The initial result shows that there is an impact for microclimate parameters on the temperatures gained on the building's envelope as a result of the effect of airflow through context parameters, which in turn affect the value of energy consumption used for cooling inside the buildings. Moreover, this paper demonstrates that using green roofs on one of the neighbourhood buildings will decrease energy consumption by 28% in the simulated time while the payback period is 9.5 years.
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Gerrish, Tristan, Kirti Ruikar, Malcolm Cook, Mark Johnson, and Mark Phillip. "Using BIM capabilities to improve existing building energy modelling practices." Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management 24, no. 2 (March 20, 2017): 190–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ecam-11-2015-0181.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present a review of the implications building information modelling (BIM) is having on the building energy modelling (BEM) and design of buildings. It addresses the issues surrounding exchange of information throughout the design process, and where BIM may be useful in contributing to effective design progression and information availability. Design/methodology/approach Through review of current design procedures and examination of the concurrency between architectural and thermophysical design modelling, a procedure for information generation relevant to design stakeholders is created, and applied to a high-performance building project currently under development. Findings The extents of information key to the successful design of a buildings energy performance in relation to its architectural objectives are given, with indication of the level of development required at each stage of the design process. Practical implications BIM offers an extensible medium for parametric information storage, and its implementation in design development offers the capability to include BEM parameter-integrated construction information. The extent of information required for accurate BEM at stages of a building’s design is key to understanding how best to record performance information in a BIM environment. Originality/value This paper contributes to the discussion around the integration of concurrent design procedures and a common data environment. It presents a framework for the creation and dissemination of information during design, exemplifies this on a real building project and evaluates the barriers experienced in successful implementation.
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Piotrowska, Beata, and Daniel Słyś. "Analysis of the Life Cycle Cost of a Heat Recovery System from Greywater Using a Vertical “Tube-in-Tube” Heat Exchanger: Case Study of Poland." Resources 12, no. 9 (August 29, 2023): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/resources12090100.
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Significant amounts of waste heat are deposited in greywater, which can be utilized, among other things, for heating domestic hot water in residential buildings. The manuscript presents an economic analysis of a greywater heat recovery system using a vertical heat exchanger of the “tube-in-tube” type in a single-family building. The analysis is based on the results of experimental research on the energy efficiency of three domestic hot water preparation systems equipped with a vertical heat exchange unit. The analyzed systems had different concepts for the flow of preheated water and cold water. The research showed that the implementation of a vertical “tube-in-tube” heat exchanger can reduce the energy consumption for domestic hot water preparation by approximately 45.7% to 60.8%, depending on the system variant. Furthermore, it was determined that the energy savings associated with reducing domestic hot water consumption can cover the investment costs related to the purchase and system of the heat exchanger within a period of 2 to 5 years of system operation, depending on the design variant and the unit price of electricity.
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Balocco, Carla, Giacomo Pierucci, Cristina Piselli, Francesco Poli, and Maurizio De Lucia. "A Dimensionless Study Describing Heat Exchange through a Building’s Opaque Envelope." Sustainability 16, no. 9 (April 24, 2024): 3558. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16093558.
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The urban environment represents one of the main contexts in which natural resources are exploited to support intensive human activities, especially from an energy perspective. In this context, there is still a lack of general methodologies/tools which can be used to understand the behavior of buildings and to prove their sustainability under real operating conditions, depending on their location, construction characteristics and materials, plants, external conditions, and conduction. In this research, the Buckingham theorem is applied to the thermophysics of buildings, describing the heat transfer of opaque surfaces in a transient regime. The abstraction of dimensionless numbers merges the main phenomena of interest, such as thermal conduction, convection, and radiation, enhanced by consideration of the surface sun–air temperature and the external air temperature. The parameters themselves were mutually matched through a proper equation, whose coefficients were determined by a regression analysis of the measurements from an intensive experimental campaign investigating a building in Florence for 3 years. The resulting correlation shows a good agreement with the available dataset and a determination coefficient of over 70%. Therefore, the proposed approach, owing to the generalization of the dimensionless numbers, suggests the possibility of sustainability estimates, from an energy point of view, of envelope/plant/user systems, including assessments at a higher scale than that of a single building.