Academic literature on the topic 'Building gypsum'
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Journal articles on the topic "Building gypsum"
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Xie, Zhiqing, Xiaoming Liu, Zengqi Zhang, Chao Wei, and Jiarui Gu. "Application of the Industrial Byproduct Gypsum in Building Materials: A Review." Materials 17, no. 8 (2024): 1837. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17081837.
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The industrial byproduct gypsum is a general term for byproducts discharged from industrial production with calcium sulfate as the main ingredient. Due to the high number of impurities and production volume, the industrial byproduct gypsum is underutilized, leading to serious environmental problems. At present, only desulfurization gypsum and phosphogypsum have been partially utilized in cementitious materials, cement retarders, etc., while the prospects for the utilization of other byproduct gypsums remain worrying. This paper mainly focuses on the sources and physicochemical properties of various types of gypsum byproducts and summarizes the application scenarios of various gypsums in construction materials. Finally, some suggestions are proposed to solve the problem of the industrial byproduct gypsum. This review is informative for solving the environmental problems caused by gypsum accumulation.
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Chro, M. Fatah and Jamila, J. Tahir. "Suitability of Gypsum from Fatha Formation for Production of Building Materials in Bazian -Takiya area, North-East Iraq." Tikrit Journal of Pure Science 26, no. 3 (2021): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjps.v26i3.142.
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Gypsum products are one of the most widely used materials in the industry. The wide use of gypsum as a building material over a very long period of time. A number of manufacturers introduce different professional quarries, but their physical and chemical properties were still questionable. Five gypsum samples were taken for chemical and physical analysis. Chemical analysis shows that gypsum are of high purity, more than 95.25% with varying amount of impurities; SiO2 (1.49-1.87) %, Na2O (0.17-1.00) %, MgO (0.03-0.13) % Al2O3 (0.06-0.23) % and Fe2O3 (0.05-0.09) %, .This can be used for Plaster of Paris without any purification of gypsum. The (SO3 and CaO) % shows that all studied samples are suitable for gypsum production as the final coating and building gypsum. The physical analysis shows that the colors of gypsum samples are suitable for building, Plaster of Paris, final coating and Juss according to the color chart of minerals and to Iraqi standard specification. The fineness percentage is less than 8%. Thus the specifications of all samples are agreements to standard specifications for building gypsums. In terms of setting time, the sample 1 and 2 are suitable for building gypsum and plaster of Paris and classified as Borax. However, samples 3, 4, and 5 are suitable for anhydrous calcined gypsum – final coat and classified as Knee cement. Moreover, the setting time for all the samples increased with the increase of the water powder ratio.
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Morales-Segura, Mónica, César Porras-Amores, Paola Villoria-Sáez, and David Caballol-Bartolomé. "Characterization of Gypsum Composites Containing Cigarette Butt Waste for Building Applications." Sustainability 12, no. 17 (2020): 7022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12177022.
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Cigarette butts are one of the most common waste on the planet and are not biodegradable, so they remain on the landscape for many years. Cigarette butt composition makes it suitable to be added during the manufacture of construction materials, so it can be considered a waste recovery material, helping to reduce the ecological footprint of the construction sector. This article shows the characterization of gypsum composites containing cigarette butt waste. Several gypsum specimens were prepared incorporating different percentages of cigarette butt waste (0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0% and 2.5%). Samples without waste additions were also prepared in order to compare the results obtained. Samples were tested for density, superficial hardness, flexural and compressive strength, bonding strength and acoustic performance. Results show that it is possible to add cigarette butts in a gypsum matrix, resulting in better mechanical behavior than traditional gypsums.
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Ngernchuklin, Piyalak, Nestchanok Yongpraderm, Arjin Boonruang, Sittichai Kanchanasutha, Pracha Laoauyporn, and Chumphol Busabok. "Upgrading of Waste Gypsum for Building Materials." Key Engineering Materials 766 (April 2018): 211–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.766.211.
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In this research, waste gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O), a by-product material from industrial factory, was upgraded and then used as raw material for building materials. The by-product gypsum possessed a high acidic value of 3-point pH scale and moisture content of 40 %. The two properties had an impact on setting reaction and hardening of gypsum. Therefore, the studies of gypsum phase transformation to calcium sulfate hemihydrate (CaSO4·0.5H2O) were focused on washing process and amount of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) added at 0, 1, 3 and 5 % wt. After washing, waste gypsum and washed water were reduced from high acidic value to neutralization (pH = 7) as a result of CaCO3. Next, the neutralized gypsum was heated to the optimal temperature at 160 °C for 2 hours and transformed to hemihydrate gypsum phase observed by XRD. Finally, the relationship of amount of CaCO3-mechanical property such as bending strength will be investigated.
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Wu, Qi Sheng, Shui Ping Li, and Chang Sen Zhang. "Preparation of Polyacrylamide Emulsion Modified Waterproof Desulfurization Building Gypsum." Key Engineering Materials 509 (April 2012): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.509.51.
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In this paper the waterproofness of desulfurization building gypsum had been improved by polyacrylamide(PAM) emulsion. The effect of dosage and molecular weight of PAM emulsion on the physical mechanical properties and waterproofness have been investigated and XRD, SEM have been employed to determine the phase compositions of the material. The results showed that softening coefficient of desulfurization building gypsum increased from 0.34 to 0.69, the compressive strength after soaking in water for 24 h increased from 4.9MPa to 6.1 MPa. The effect of PAM emulsion modification prepared by PAM with molecular 3 million weight of on desulfurization building gypsum are better than with molecular weight of 5 million. The effect mechanism of PAM on desulfurization building gypsum was that PAM reacts with the Ca2+ cations produced desulfurization building gypsum hydration to form the ionic compounds acting as a filler and reinforcement in the porosity of desulfurization building gypsum, and also PAM covered the surface of desulfurization building gypsum particles to prevent the crystallization of CaSO4.2H2O.
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Liao, Shixiong, Kun Ma, Zhiman Zhao, Lei Wu, Zhuo Liu, and Sicheng Quan. "Preparation and Pore Structure of Energy-Storage Phosphorus Building Gypsum." Materials 15, no. 19 (2022): 6997. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15196997.
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In this study, the pore structure of a hardened phosphorous building gypsum body was optimised by blending an air-entraining agent with the appropriate water–paste ratio. The response surface test was designed according to the test results of the hardened phosphorous building gypsum body treated with an air-entraining agent and an appropriate water–paste ratio. Moreover, the optimal process parameters were selected to prepare a porous phosphorous building gypsum skeleton, which was used as a paraffin carrier to prepare energy-storage phosphorous building gypsum. The results indicate that if the ratio of the air-entraining agent to the water–paste ratio is reasonable, the hardened body of phosphorous building gypsum can form a better pore structure. With the influx of paraffin, its accumulated pore volume and specific surface area decrease, and the pore size distribution is uniform. The paraffin completely occupies the pores, causing the compressive strength of energy-storage phosphorous building gypsum to be better than that of similar gypsum energy-storing materials. The heat energy further captured by energy-storage phosphorous building gypsum in the endothermic and exothermic stages is 28.19 J/g and 28.64 J/g, respectively, which can be used to prepare energy-saving building materials.
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Potapova, Ekaterina, Aung Kyaw Nyein, Elena Tsvetkova, and Hans-Betram Fischer. "Modification of the structure of gypsum-cement-pozzolanic binder." MATEC Web of Conferences 329 (2020): 04007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202032904007.
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Modification of the structure of gypsum-cement-pozzolan binder allows you to expand the range of gypsum binders for creating dry building mixes and structural elements of low-rise buildings. It was found that in the presence of functional additives, the character of crystallization of hydrate neoplasms changes, which leads to a change in the properties of the hardened binder. The study of the effect of individual and complex additives on the properties of gypsum-cement-pozzolan binder allowed us to develop water-resistant gypsum binders.
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Haaßengier, Claudia. "Gypsum and anhydrite of Thuringia unusual building stones." Zeitschrift der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Geowissenschaften 158, no. 4 (2007): 763–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/1860-1804/2007/0158-0763.
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Zhang, Bo, Haibin Yang, Tao Xu, Waiching Tang, and Hongzhi Cui. "Mechanical and Thermo-Physical Performances of Gypsum-Based PCM Composite Materials Reinforced with Carbon Fiber." Applied Sciences 11, no. 2 (2021): 468. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11020468.
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Phase change materials (PCMs) have received extensive attention due to their high latent heat storage density and isothermal behavior during heat charging and discharging processes. The application of PCMs in buildings would match energy supply and demand by using solar energy effectively, thereby reducing building energy consumption. In this study, a diatomite/paraffin (DP) composite was prepared through a vacuum-impregnated process. The thermo-physical performance, thermal stability, chemical structure and thermal reliability of the DP composite were evaluated. To develop a structural–functional integrated energy storage building material, carbon fibers (CF) were chosen as the reinforcing material. The mechanical and thermal properties of CF-reinforced DP/gypsum were examined. It is evident that the flexural strength and thermal conductivity of DP/gypsum containing 1 wt. % CF increased by 176.0% and 20.3%, respectively. In addition, the results of room model testing demonstrated that the presence of CF could enhance the overall thermal conductivity and improve the thermo-regulated performance of DP/gypsum. Moreover, the payback period of applying CF-reinforced DP/gypsum in residential buildings is approximately 23.31 years, which is much less than the average life span of buildings. Overall, the CF reinforced DP/gypsum composite is promising for thermal energy storage applications.
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Zhang, Yi, Zhong Tao, Lei Wu, Zhiqi Zhang, and Zhiman Zhao. "Strength Prediction of Ball-Milling-Modified Phosphorus Building Gypsum Based on NSGM (1,4) Model." Materials 15, no. 22 (2022): 7988. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15227988.
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Phosphogypsum is an industrial byproduct from the wet preparation of phosphoric acid. Phosphorus building gypsum can be obtained from phosphogypsum after high-thermal dehydration. This study aimed to analyze the influence of ball milling with different parameters on the strength of phosphorus building gypsum. In this paper, the absolute dry flexural strength and the absolute dry compressive strength of phosphorus building gypsum were compared under different mass ratios of material to ball, ball-milling speed, and ball-milling time, and the NSGM (1,4) model was applied to model and predict the strength of phosphorus building gypsum modified by ball milling. According to the research results, under the same mass ratio of material to ball and ball-milling speed, the absolute dry flexural strength and absolute dry compressive strength of phosphorus building gypsum firstly increased and then decreased with the increase in milling time. The NSGM (1,4) model established in this paper could effectively simulate and predict the absolute dry flexural strength and the absolute dry compressive strength of the ball-milling-modified phosphorus building gypsum; the average relative simulation errors were 12.38% and 13.77%, and the average relative prediction errors were 6.30% and 12.47%.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Building gypsum"
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Jones, Bevan. "Performance of Gypsum Plasterboard Assemblies Exposed to Real Building Fires." University of Canterbury. Civil Engineering, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/8277.
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The performance of gypsum plasterboard assemblies is typically evaluated in accordance with standardised test methods such as BS476, AS1530 or ASTM E119.
Standard time-temperature curves give good comparison between tested materials.
However, they are generally less severe than a typical short duration compartment fire, they do not have a decay phase, and may be conservative for long duration fires.
It is not common knowledge that test time-temperature relationships, such as ISO834, have not significantly changed since they were originally formulated in the early
1930's.
Full-scale compartment testing based on typical residential scenarios conducted as part of this study, revealed that temperatures within a compartment can far exceed those of standard time-temperature curves within several minutes of ignition.
Pilot-scale furnace testing to non-standard time-temperature curves has revealed that the performance of light framed gypsum plasterboard assemblies is highly dependent on the severity of the fire exposure. A system that has achieved a fire resistance rating of 60 minutes failed within 30 minutes to a fire exposure that would represent a moderate compartment fire.
Current fire engineering designs often use sophisticated evacuation models to calculate minimum escape times required for safe evacuation of occupants. These evacuation times typically fall in the range from 15 - 60 minutes. The suitability of protecting escape routes using barriers rated against a standard fire test is questioned.
SAPIR, a powerful finite element program, has been employed to predict the thermal behaviour of various gypsum plasterboard assemblies exposed to a range of nonstandard fires. Results from the computer modelling are compared with several full and pilot scale furnace tests. It was found that the model calibrated to results from standard ISO834 furnace testing provided reasonable predictions of temperatures within assemblies exposed to a moderate fire. Temperature predictions of assemblies exposed to severe fires were poor.
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Taniguti, Eliana Kimie. "Método construtivo de vedação vertical interna de chapas de gesso acartonado." Universidade de São Paulo, 1999. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3146/tde-14112001-163706/.
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A atual situação sócio econômica do país tem levado as empresas construtorasa buscarem eficiência no seu processo de produção. Nesse contexto, o uso das chapas de gesso acartonado como componente de vedação vertical interna vem se tornando cada vez mais intenso, substituindo a tradicional vedação em alvenaria. Apesar da utilização crescente desse componente, há uma carência no país sobre o conhecimento da tecnologia construtiva das divisórias de gesso acartonado, que já é largamente difundida em vários países. Dessa forma, o presente trabalho caracteriza o método construtivo da vedação vertical interna de chapas de gesso acartonado, abordando sobre o seu desempenho; analisando os materiais, componentes, equipamentos e ferramentas necessários para a sua execução; apresentando os procedimentos de montagem da divisória e propondo algumas diretrizes para a elaboração de um projeto para produção e o estabelecimento de parâmetros de controle durante o processo de execução. Espera-se dessa forma contribuir para o avanço da tecnologia de produção das vedações verticais e, em especial, das divisórias de gesso acartonado.<br>Due to the current social and economic situation in Brazil, building construction companies are seeking ways to improve efficiency in their production processes. For this reason, gypsum plasterboard is beginning to be widely used for internal walls as a substitute for traditional masonry. In spite of the increasing utilization of this component, which is common in other countries, little research regarding gypsum plasterboard construction technology has been carried out here. In this way, this study deals with the gypsum plasterboard construction method, analyzing its performance, materials, components, equipment and tools required for installation. It also describes the procedure for assembling these partitions. Finally, some guidelines for the production design elaboration and the parameters to help to control the execution process are proposed. This study aims to contribute to improving internal wall technologies, especially gypsum plasterboard partition construction.
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Cengiz, Okan. "Effects Of Pozzolan Incorporation And Curing Conditions On Strength And Water Resistance Of Natural Gypsum Pastes." Phd thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12610922/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT
EFFECTS OF POZZOLAN INCORPORATION AND CURING
CONDITIONS ON STRENGTH AND WATER RESISTANCE OF
NATURAL GYPSUM PASTES
Cengiz, Okan
Ph.D., Department of Civil Engineering
Supervisor : Prof. Dr. Turhan Y. Erdogan
September 2009, 189 pages
There are large reserves of gypsum rock (CaSO4·<br>2H2O) in Turkey and in
various regions of the world. Heating gypsum rock to 140 - 190 0C causes it to
lose three-fourths of its water molecules and turn into gypsum, called plaster of
Paris<br>heat application over 190 0C results in loss of all the water molecules and
this form of the material is called gypsum anhydrite.
When gypsum is mixed with water, it gains cementitious property and hardens
in a short time. Therefore, natural gypsum anhydrite and especially plaster of
Paris are widely used in the construction industry. On the other hand, its not
being water resistant and having low strength restrict the use of gypsum
products for outdoor applications.
In this study, the effects of pozzolan incorporation to natural gypsum pastes
and application of various curing regimes for improving their water resistance
and strength were investigated. Compressive strength and absorption tests on
one thousand one hundred twenty two 5-cm cube specimens produced from
v
13 different mixture types were conducted. Also the microstructures of these
products were investigated using the analytical technique X-Ray Diffraction.
The test results showed that water resistance and strength properties of
pozzolan-incorporated gypsum products were improved. Curing of the product
at elevated temperature regimes was an additional factor that contributed to this
improvement. It was concluded that the natural gypsum mixtures prepared and
cured at the above-mentioned conditions could also be used for outdoor
applications.
Keywords: Pozzolan, Natural Gypsum, Elevated Temperature Curing
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SAUEIA, CATIA H. R. "Caracterizacao radioquimica do fosfogesso e implicacoes radiologicas de sua utilizacao como material de construcao." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 1998. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10717.
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VILLAVERDE, FREDDY L. "Avaliacao da exposicao externa em residencia contruida com fosfogesso." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2008. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11754.
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Júnior, Ariosto Rodrigues Monção. "Otimização das condições experimentais na desidratação da gipsita para obtenção de um gesso reciclável." Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 2008. http://www.unicap.br/tede//tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=336.
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Foram determinadas condições operacionais ótimas para produção de gesso beta reciclável a partir do controle da pressão e da temperatura de calcinação do minério de gipsita. O gesso atualmente não possui, oficialmente, técnicas reconhecidas de reciclabilidade ou de reaproveitamento. Contudo, a posição ocupada pelo gesso de uma das maiores riquezas potenciais para o Estado de Pernambuco, solicita esforços no desenvolvimento de processos produtivos voltados para a posição de importante material de construção por parte do gesso. Para identificação da qualidade do gesso reciclado foram testadas as propriedades: dureza, massa unitária e módulo de resistência à flexão. Foi adotado um planejamento experimental do tipo 32, com os resultados gerados sendo estudados com a aplicação do método de análise de superfícies de respostas. Um modelo matemático do tipo quadrático ajustou-se bem aos dados experimentais, permitindo uma indiscutível visualização das condições ótimas do processo. Fotografias da microestrutura do gesso produzido pelo processo proposto, com auxílio de um microscópio de varredura eletrônica, calibrado para um fator de ampliação da ordem de 3700 vezes, mostraram a formação de cristais alongados, responsáveis por uma microestrutura que garante propriedades semelhantes ou melhores que as da microestrutura de origem para os gessos formados e hidratados. A projeção das curvas de níveis no diagrama de contornos mostrou uma baixíssima interação entre os fatores estudados. A região de condições ótimas foi identificada em torno de 0,6 atmosfera manométrica e 170C<br>Optimized operational conditions for recycled beta plaster production had been determined with aid of pressure and temperature controls of gypsum ore dehydration process. Plaster currently does not possess, officially, recognized techniques of recycling or reuse. For identification of the quality of recycled plaster the properties had been tested: hardness, unit mass and flexion strength module. An experimental design of 32 type was adopted, with the generated results being studied with aid of the response surfaces method. A mathematical model of the quadratic type was adjusted well to the experimental data, allowing an unquestionable visualization of the process optimized conditions. Photographs of the microstructure of the produced plaster, obtained in a scanning electronic microscopy, with factor of magnifying of the order of 3700 times, had shown the crystal formation prolongated and responsible for a microstructure that guarantees similar properties or better that of the microstructure of origin for formed plasters and hydrated. The projection of the levels curves in the contours diagram showed to one very small interaction between the studied factors. The region of excellent conditions was identified around 0,6 manometric atmosphere and 170C
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Monção, Júnior Ariosto Rodrigues. "Otimização das condições experimentais na desidratação da gipsita para obtenção de um gesso reciclável." Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 2008. http://tede2.unicap.br:8080/handle/tede/33.
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Previous issue date: 2008-01-09<br>Optimized operational conditions for recycled beta plaster production had been determined with aid of pressure and temperature controls of gypsum ore dehydration process. Plaster currently does not possess, officially, recognized techniques of recycling or reuse. For identification of the quality of recycled plaster the properties had been tested: hardness, unit mass and flexion strength module. An experimental design of 32 type was adopted, with the generated results being studied with aid of the response surfaces method. A mathematical model of the quadratic type was adjusted well to the experimental data, allowing an unquestionable visualization of the process optimized conditions. Photographs of the microstructure of the produced plaster, obtained in a scanning electronic microscopy, with factor of magnifying of the order of 3700 times, had shown the crystal formation prolongated and responsible for a microstructure that guarantees similar properties or better that of the microstructure of origin for formed plasters and hydrated. The projection of the levels curves in the contours diagram showed to one very small interaction between the studied factors. The region of excellent conditions was identified around 0,6 manometric atmosphere and 170°C<br>Foram determinadas condições operacionais ótimas para produção de gesso beta reciclável a partir do controle da pressão e da temperatura de calcinação do minério de gipsita. O gesso atualmente não possui, oficialmente, técnicas reconhecidas de reciclabilidade ou de reaproveitamento. Contudo, a posição ocupada pelo gesso de uma das maiores riquezas potenciais para o Estado de Pernambuco, solicita esforços no desenvolvimento de processos produtivos voltados para a posição de importante material de construção por parte do gesso. Para identificação da qualidade do gesso reciclado foram testadas as propriedades: dureza, massa unitária e módulo de resistência à flexão. Foi adotado um planejamento experimental do tipo 32, com os resultados gerados sendo estudados com a aplicação do método de análise de superfícies de respostas. Um modelo matemático do tipo quadrático ajustou-se bem aos dados experimentais, permitindo uma indiscutível visualização das condições ótimas do processo. Fotografias da microestrutura do gesso produzido pelo processo proposto, com auxílio de um microscópio de varredura eletrônica, calibrado para um fator de ampliação da ordem de 3700 vezes, mostraram a formação de cristais alongados, responsáveis por uma microestrutura que garante propriedades semelhantes ou melhores que as da microestrutura de origem para os gessos formados e hidratados. A projeção das curvas de níveis no diagrama de contornos mostrou uma baixíssima interação entre os fatores estudados. A região de condições ótimas foi identificada em torno de 0,6 atmosfera manométrica e 170°C
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Silva, Michella Graziela Santos. "Desenvolvimento de compósitos a base de gesso e pó de fibras de coco." Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 2010. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/3503.
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The uses of renewable materials, as well as the reduction, reuse and recycling of the residues indicates the search for technological alternatives for sustainable development. In this context are the materials used in building. For the plaster is the building the largest market, because its use from the core products, and also from the first constructive step to the last stage of completion. Its use as plaster boards, precast flooring and ceilings and walls have increased significantly, it provides a reduction of process steps, resulting in cost savings and the amount of materials used. However, after application it has characteristics such as low mechanical
efficiency in the presence of water, low capacity to absorb impact loads, the cracks and loss of adhesion at the interface based coating. This study aimed to use the fiber residual powder from the processing of the coconut fiber industry, as filler in the matrix of plaster in order to obtain better properties against its pathologies, besides contributing in the quest for sustainability in the development of alternative building materials. The composite were prepared using calcium sulfate P. A. as reference, commercial plaster and the fiber residual powder. The fiber residual powder composition varied between 1% and 20%, and the samples in powder form were characterized by X-ray Diffraction, thermal analysis (TGA / DTA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and infrared spectroscopy. Technological tests were conducted to verify the mechanical properties, for which they were made with composition of 1% and 5% of the powder using 65 mesh and 100 mesh particle size. The fracture surface was
later analyzed by scanning electronic microscopy. The results of TGA / DTA indicate a tendency to increase in decomposition temperature and the temperature of dehydration of calcium sulfate dihydrate and gypsum in presence of coconut fiber. The crystal structures of
calcium sulfate dehydrate and gypsum remain unchanged in the presence of coconut fiber. The morphological study together with the infrared analysis indicated interaction between the functional groups of coir dust and plaster, especially the interactions of the sulfate ion and water molecules. The best result of compressive strength was for composition with 1% loading and larger particle size. The results show better bending mechanical responses for
sample with high filler concentration and particle size.<br>A utilização de materiais renováveis, bem como a redução, reutilização e a reciclagem de diversos resíduos apontam para a busca de alternativas tecnológicas para o desenvolvimento
sustentável. Nesse contexto estão os materiais utilizados na construção civil. O gesso encontra na construção civil seu maior mercado de difusão, pois sua utilização parte desde os produtos essenciais, na primeira etapa construtiva até a última etapa de acabamento. Sua utilização como placas de gesso, pré-moldados e revestimento de tetos e paredes têm aumentado significativamente, pois proporciona uma diminuição das etapas do processo, ocasionando economia nos custos e na quantidade de materiais utilizados. Entretanto, após aplicado apresenta patologias tais como, pouca eficiência mecânica na presença de água, baixa
capacidade de absorver cargas de impactos nos planos revestidos, o aparecimento de fissuras e perda de aderência na interface base revestimento. O presente trabalho buscou a utilização do pó residual do beneficiamento das fibras de coco pela indústria, como carga na matriz de gesso com o intuito de se obter melhores propriedades frente às patologias do gesso, além de contribuir na busca pela sustentabilidade com o desenvolvimento de materiais alternativos para construção civil. As amostras foram preparadas utilizando matrizes de sulfato de cálcio P. A. e gesso comercial e como carga o pó residual do beneficiamento das fibras de coco. A incorporação da carga na matriz variou entre 1% e 20%, e essas amostras em forma de pó foram caracterizadas por difração de raios-X (DR-X), análise térmica (TGA/DTA), microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) e espectroscopia de infravermelho (IV). Foram realizados ensaios tecnológicos para verificação das propriedades mecânicas, para os quais foram confeccionados corpos de prova com 1% e 5% de incorporação do pó com dois tipos diferenciados de granulometria, e posteriormente foram realizados análises de microscopias eletrônicas de varredura da superfície de fratura das pastas endurecidas. Os resultados de TGA/DTA indicam uma tendência ao aumento na temperatura de decomposição e na temperatura inicial de desidratação do sulfato de cálcio dihidratado e do gesso comercial na presença do pó de coco. A estrutura cristalina do sulfato de cálcio dihidratado e do gesso comercial com carga não se altera na presença do pó de coco. O estudo morfológico juntamente com as análises de infravermelho indicam interação entre os grupos funcionais do pó de coco e o gesso, em especial as interações do íon sulfato e das moléculas de água. O melhor resultado de resistência a compressão foi para composição com 1% de carga e
granulometria maiores. Os resultados de flexão apresentam melhores respostas mecânicas para maiores adições e granulometria da carga.
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Pinto, Nayra Alberici [UNESP]. "Compósitos à base de gesso incorporados com resíduos de borracha proveniente do processo de recauchutagem de pneus." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/151166.
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Previous issue date: 2017-05-30<br>Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)<br>O gesso é o material sintético construtivo mais antigo que se tem notícia, e sua ampla utilização é devido as suas boas propriedades termoacústicas e de resistência ao fogo. No Brasil, seu emprego concentra-se em forros, revestimentos e paredes divisórias, conhecidas como gesso acartonado. Todavia, o gesso é um material sobre o qual existe pouco conhecimento ao nível da investigação. E este projeto se propõe a estudar mais esse material, através da confecção de compósitos a base de gesso com a incorporação de borracha de pneus, tornando-o assim um material sustentável. A borracha proveniente do processo de recauchutagem de pneus inservíveis tem ampla aplicação em pesquisas com concretos e argamassas; porém pouco se sabe sobre sua aplicação no gesso. Para atingir o objetivo proposto nesse trabalho serão feitos ensaios de microscopia eletrônica de varredura, resistência à ruptura na flexão, resistência à compressão, dureza superficial, absorção de água, densidade superficial de massa, consistência (mini-slump) e comportamento térmico. Dessa maneira, é possível afirmar que a incorporação de borracha pode ser interessante para a produção de placas de gesso, uma vez que pode incorporar um resíduo sem destino totalmente adequado, produzindo placas com características semelhantes das já utilizadas e ainda contribuindo em aspectos como densidade, dureza superficial e isolamento térmico. Sendo assim, dentre as granulometrias utilizadas neste estudo, a borracha grossa pode ser considerada a que teve melhor desempenho, uma vez que apresentou características de ser mais trabalhável, menos absorvente e mais isolante termicamente, além de apresentar resistências à compressão e a flexão adequadas para sua utilização (não estrutural), menores mossas e maior leveza do material.<br>Gypsum is the oldest constructive synthetic material ever heard, and their widespread use is due to its good thermoacoustic properties and fire resistance. In Brazil, its use is focused on linings, coating and partitions, known as drywall. However, the gypsum is a material on which there is little knowledge in terms of research. And this project aims to study more this material through the production of composite gypsum with tire rubber incorporation, thus making it a sustainable material. The rubber from the retreading process scrap tires has wide application in research on concrete and mortar; but little is known about its application in gypsum. In order to reach the objective proposed in this work, scanning electron microscopy, flexural strength, compressive strength, surface hardness, water absorption, bulk density, consistency (mini-slump) and thermal behavior will be performed. In this way, it is possible to affirm that the incorporation of rubber can be interesting for the production of gypsum boards, since it can incorporate a residue without destination completely, producing plates with characteristics similar to those already used and still contributing in aspects such as density, surface hardness and thermal insulation. Thus, among the granulometries used in this study, the thick rubber can be considered the one that had better performance, since it presented characteristics of being more workable, less absorbent and more thermally insulating, besides presenting resistance to compression and flexion adequate for its use (non-structural), smaller dents and greater lightness of the material.<br>FAPESP: 2015/17658-4
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Pinto, Nayra Alberici. "Compósitos à base de gesso incorporados com resíduos de borracha proveniente do processo de recauchutagem de pneus /." Ilha Solteira, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/151166.
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Orientador: Jorge Luís Akasaki<br>Resumo: O gesso é o material sintético construtivo mais antigo que se tem notícia, e sua ampla utilização é devido as suas boas propriedades termoacústicas e de resistência ao fogo. No Brasil, seu emprego concentra-se em forros, revestimentos e paredes divisórias, conhecidas como gesso acartonado. Todavia, o gesso é um material sobre o qual existe pouco conhecimento ao nível da investigação. E este projeto se propõe a estudar mais esse material, através da confecção de compósitos a base de gesso com a incorporação de borracha de pneus, tornando-o assim um material sustentável. A borracha proveniente do processo de recauchutagem de pneus inservíveis tem ampla aplicação em pesquisas com concretos e argamassas; porém pouco se sabe sobre sua aplicação no gesso. Para atingir o objetivo proposto nesse trabalho serão feitos ensaios de microscopia eletrônica de varredura, resistência à ruptura na flexão, resistência à compressão, dureza superficial, absorção de água, densidade superficial de massa, consistência (mini-slump) e comportamento térmico. Dessa maneira, é possível afirmar que a incorporação de borracha pode ser interessante para a produção de placas de gesso, uma vez que pode incorporar um resíduo sem destino totalmente adequado, produzindo placas com características semelhantes das já utilizadas e ainda contribuindo em aspectos como densidade, dureza superficial e isolamento térmico. Sendo assim, dentre as granulometrias utilizadas neste estudo, a borracha grossa pode ser consider... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)<br>Mestre
Books on the topic "Building gypsum"
1
Wessel, Robert A., Paul H. Shipp, and Guy L. Rosenthal, eds. Advances in Gypsum Technologies and Building Systems. ASTM International, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/stp1588-eb.
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Wessel, Robert, Paul Shipp, and Guy Rosenthal. Advances in gypsum technologies and building systems. ASTM International, 2015.
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Convegno "La Sicilia del gesso - stratificazioni, tecniche costruttive e cultura" (2019 Caltanissetta, Italy). La Sicilia del gesso: Stratificazioni, tecniche costruttive e cultura. Edizioni Lussografica, 2020.
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C, Jester Thomas, ed. Twentieth-century building materials: History and conservation. McGraw-Hill, 1995.
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National Institute of Standards and Technology (U.S.), ed. The thermal response of gypsum-panel/steel-stud wall systems exposed to fire environments: A simulation for use in zone-type fire models. U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Technology Administration, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1997.
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Bessonov, Igor', Nina Umnyakova, and Aleksandr Bur'yanov. Gypsum materials for facade systems. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1911012.
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The monograph presents the main features of the production and application of gypsum materials and products of increased weather resistance. Theoretical provisions concerning the formation of the structure of gypsum-containing materials, including composite ones, are presented.
 The results of physico-chemical studies of modified gypsum materials are considered. The results of the study of the resistance in aggressive environments of gypsum-containing finishing materials are presented.
 The possibilities of using modified gypsum-containing products for cladding facades of buildings are shown.
 It is intended for researchers, civil engineers, undergraduate and graduate students of construction areas of training, graduate students.
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Limited, British Gypsum, ed. Gypsum fire protection: A guide to the protection of buildings against fire. British Gypsum, 1987.
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Steinkonservierung, Institut für. Schutz und Zierde: Kalk, Gips und Zement für Putze und Fugen an historischen Bauten : IFS-Tagung. IFS, Institut für Steinkonservierung e.V., 2014.
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Harshé, Rajen. Reflections on nation building: A gypsy in the world of ideas. Pentagon Press, 2011.
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United States Holocaust Memorial Council., ed. Day of remembrance: In memory of the Gypsy victims of Nazi genocide, September 16, 1986, Russell Senate Office Building, Washington, D.C. The Council, 1986.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Building gypsum"
1
Singh, Manjit. "Gypsum Building Products." In Gypsum & Gypsum Products. CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003345008-6.
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Singh, Manjit. "Anhydrite Plaster Based Building Products." In Gypsum & Gypsum Products. CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003345008-7.
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Azevedo, A. C., J. M. P. Q. Delgado, T. H. C. Neves, and A. J. Costa e Silva. "Adhesion of Gypsum Plaster Coatings: Experimental Evaluation." In Hygrothermal Behaviour and Building Pathologies. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50998-9_3.
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Flumiani, Mark R., Jim Turner, and Virginia Trimble. "Measurement of Free and Combined Water of Gypsum." In Advances in Gypsum Technologies and Building Systems. ASTM International, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/stp158820150009.
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Engbrecht, Dick C., and Deidre A. Hirschfeld. "Effects of Chemical Modification on Calcium Sulfate Castings Exposed to High Temperature." In Advances in Gypsum Technologies and Building Systems. ASTM International, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/stp158820140145.
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Danks, Michael G. "Fifty Years of Test and Measurement of Gypsum Drywall." In Advances in Gypsum Technologies and Building Systems. ASTM International, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/stp158820150002.
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Shafer, Benjamin M. "Advances in Materials and Measurement Methods for Interior Building Noise Control." In Advances in Gypsum Technologies and Building Systems. ASTM International, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/stp158820150007.
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Bowlsby, Jeffrey, and Christine Diosdado. "StuccoMetrics: Performance Testing and Evaluation of Drainage Screed Flashings and Drainage Subassemblies Used in Stucco Drainage Wall Systems." In Advances in Gypsum Technologies and Building Systems. ASTM International, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/stp158820150010.
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Kerner, Michael C., and J. R. Smith. "Innovation in Cold-Formed Steel Framing." In Advances in Gypsum Technologies and Building Systems. ASTM International, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/stp158820150011.
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Rosenthal, Guy L. "Evolution and Innovation in Drywall Joint and Corner Finishing, 1900–2015." In Advances in Gypsum Technologies and Building Systems. ASTM International, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/stp158820150012.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Building gypsum"
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Reich, Stefan, and Christian Pfütze. "Material composition for sustainable interior building elements." In IABSE Symposium, Tokyo 2025: Environmentally Friendly Technologies and Structures: Focusing on Sustainable Approaches. International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2025. https://doi.org/10.2749/tokyo.2025.3233.
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<p>The supply of many traditional building materials will face considerable procurement difficulties in the near future, whether due to material shortages, changes in industrial production processes or rising costs of CO2 emissions. The development of new substitute materials is therefore urgently needed and should be a high priority in the construction industry.</p><p>The shortage of gypsum and gypsum plasterboard due to the conversion of coal-fired power plants to renewable energy generation will be eminent due to the lack of flue gas desulphurization and its by-product gypsum.</p><p>The paper-lime material developed appears to be a suitable building material for indoor use, the properties of which have now been adapted and improved. The article describes the background, secondary raw materials, material mixture, production and testing of the mechanical properties.</p><p>The primary materials are waste paper, limestone powder or brick chippings or glass abrasion and lime, which is used as a binder. The previously shredded waste paper is used as aggregate to reduce the amount of additives, which can be primary or secondary raw materials.</p><p>The material promises a significantly lower release of CO2 during its life cycle, as high process temperatures are largely avoided during production. High energy consumption due to hot production temperatures only occurs during binder production. All other materials are either secondary raw materials, recycled materials or low-energy primary raw materials.</p><p>The production process involves making a pulp from shredded paper, limestone powder and stone or glass grinding powder and lime in a suitable mixing ratio.</p><p>The properties of the different mixtures were determined by testing the produced prisms of 40mmx40mmx160mm. The test specimens were tested for compressive and flexural strength according to the 3-point bending test of EN 196-1. Element tests with a standardized masonry test according to EN 1052.</p>
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Petropavlovskaya, Victoria, Kirill Petropavlovskii, Petr Kalyaskin, Tatiana Novichenkova, and Mikhail Sulman. "HIGH STRENGTH ZOLOGYPSUM COMPOSITE." In 24th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 24. STEF92 Technology, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2024/4.1/s18.36.
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Gypsum composites are promising building materials, but they have disadvantages such as low strength and water resistance. To improve these properties, a self-reinforcement method can be used, where the gypsum matrix is reinforced with crystals other than gypsum. One type of such crystals is ettringite. To obtain a self-reinforced gypsum composite, it is necessary to maintain a high pH environment and sufficient ions to form ettringite. In this work high-calcium fly ash, which is a waste product of coal combustion and contains about 50% CaO and 20% SiO2, is used. This ash has a problem with late hydration, which negatively affects the final strength of the composite. Therefore, aluminosilicate component of bottom ash and microsilica are added to the composite. This allows to maintain high pH of the medium necessary for ettringite formation. High-calcium fly ashes stored in ash dumps represent an ecological problem for many regions of the country. One of the ways to realise these ashes is their use in construction composites based on gypsum binder. In this work the possibility of obtaining self-reinforced gypsum composite of high strength with the use of high-calcium fly ash, aluminosilicate component and microsilica has been investigated. The purpose of this work is to study the effect of the addition of the aluminosilicate component of bottom ash and microsilica on the strength of a self-reinforced gypsum composite.
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MeLampy, Michael F. "Inspection, Quality Control and Assurance ñ Oh My!" In SSPC 2003. SSPC, 2003. https://doi.org/10.5006/s2003-00036.
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Abstract The author will present typical coatings, and specialized inspection tools and methods used by contractors and inspectors to effectively control the quality of the air barrier installation. Spray applied air barrier membranes have minimum thickness requirements needed to ensure the desired airtightness properties. Verifying air-tightness throughout the bulk application, around all building penetrations, windows, doors, shelf angles, control joints, and roof wall junctures is required. Air barrier materials are applied to many substrates such as, but not limited to, gypsum board, steel or aluminum, wall board, and concrete block walls. Proper detailing and surface preparation prior to spray applications, ambient conditions during, and conforming adhesion of the coating is required to ensure the required ìLife of the Buildingî durable application. A potential method for selecting and discussing in-process and final quality assurance and acceptance effort levels is presented. In process and final acceptance of the air barrier is essential in the building commissioning process.
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Mossotti, Victor G., James R. Lindsay, and Michael F. Hochella. "Alteration of Limestone Surfaces in an Acid Rain Environment by Gas-Solid Reaction Mechanisms." In CORROSION 1987. NACE International, 1987. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1987-87416.
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Abstract As part of a study to assess mineralogical alterations in building stone due to acid rain, Salem Limestone was exposed in the form of briquettes for one year in several urban and one rural environment. Samples exposed in the rural location were found to be chemically indistinguishable from the freshly quarried limestone (control material). In marked contrast, all samples collected from urban exposure sites developed gypsum stains on the ground-facing surfaces where the stones were unwashed by precipitation. However, the bulk chemistry of the urban samples (not including the stain) was virtually identical to the that of the control stone. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) revealed the presence of sulfur (in the form of sulfate) disseminated over the calcite grain surfaces to a depth less than 10 nm in the freshly quarried limestone; XPS showed an identical sulfate layer on the calcite grains after the one year exposure period. Mass balance calculations and sulfur isotope patterns indicate that the gypsum stain on the protected surfaces consists of adventitious sulfur. We found no evidence of nitrate attack on any of the limestone surfaces. A model involving the attack of SO2 on dry calcite was used to define the conditions for stain formation on dry protected surfaces. It appears from the model that under arid conditions, once the surface has been saturated with gypsum, the quantity of stain deposited on an unwashed surface is independent of atmospheric SO2 concentration. On rain-washed surfaces experiencing gas-solid attack during intermittent dry periods, the quantity of gypsum produced by a gas-solid reaction mechanism should strongly correlate with the frequency of rain events and with the atmospheric SO2 level, provided the rain events are frequent and clearly delimited by periods of dryness.
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Hall, Garth D., Kenneth M. Lies, and Sarah K. Flock. "How Vapor Resistance Properties of Coatings Affect Exterior Wall Moisture Performance." In Paint and Coatings Expo (PACE) 2006. SSPC, 2006. https://doi.org/10.5006/s2006-00031.
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Abstract Vapor resistance properties of architectural coatings that are used on or within an exterior wall can directly influence the moisture performance of the assembly. Through the use of computer modeling, the effect that various coating applications have on common exterior wall assemblies are studied using varying indoor and outdoor climatic conditions. Such analysis is useful in the selection of appropriate coatings for both new and retrofit construction, and also in diagnosing performance problems in existing construction. Coatings are selected for use on or within building wall assemblies for many purposes, including creating aesthetics, minimizing maintenance, or providing resistance to weather. For example, elastomeric coatings applied to a stucco or concrete cladding can help fill and bridge cracking thereby improving water penetration resistance, as well as the overall appearance to the building facade. On the interior surfaces of an exterior wall, coatings have been traditionally selected for their aesthetic appearance and ease of cleaning. In selecting a coating material, many different attributes of the materials should be considered and tradeoffs made based upon project criteria and restraints. Often times little or no consideration is given to the possible effect that a coating or film membrane may have on moisture migration which may lead to moisture accumulation within the wall assembly. For example, low permeance paints installed on the interior face of gypsum wallboard may provide the desired aesthetics and durability properties but, unfortunately, also function as an unintended vapor retarder. In cold (heating) climates, depending on interior climatic conditions, this type of installation may not adversely affect the performance of the wall and, in fact, enhance the moisture performance of an exterior wall. However, this installation coupled with an exterior coating with low vapor permeance will reduce drying potential of the internal wall assembly. Careful consideration of the vapor permeance properties of wall coatings is important in the design and material selection process, for it can greatly impact the potential for moisture related problems or significantly benefit the performance of the exterior wall assembly. This paper compares the vapor permeance properties of coating materials commonly used in wall construction, as well as the potential effect of moisture accumulation within the assembly, depending on placement and exposure to different climate conditions. Our analysis examines a prescribed wall construction in different climate zones with interior and exterior coatings of various vapor permeance characteristics modeled using a hydrothermal simulation computer program. The models incorporate the initial moisture content of the wall materials typical of new construction to illustrate wall performance as related to moisture accumulation and drying potential of various assemblies.
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Thomas, Brian, and D. C. Agarwal. "Successful Replacement of Alloy 30, UNS N06030 with Alloy 31, UNS N08031 at a Phosphoric Acid Plant." In CORROSION 2007. NACE International, 2007. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2007-07216.
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Abstract In the fertilizer industry, phosphoric acid, ammonia and their derivatives along with potassium compounds are the major fertilizers providing the necessary soil nutrients for the agricultural industry. Ammonia, superphosphates, phosphoric acid and potassium chloride become the building blocks of the fertilizer industry and from these basic materials, hundreds of different formulations are produced to fit the individual soil and crop needs such as DAP (di-ammonium phosphate) and MAP (mono-ammonium phosphate) and others. More than 95% of the world's phosphoric acid production is by the wet acid process, balance being "furnace acid grade for food and other additives. Almost 100% of this wet process acid is used in the manufacture of various fertilizers. Wet phosphoric acid manufacturing appears to be relatively simple involving the reaction of phosphate rock with concentrated sulfuric acid yielding phosphoric acid (26 to 28% P2O5) and calcium sulfate slurry, followed by filtration of the acid slurry to remove particulate matter, followed by concentration and purification of the phosphoric acid. Even though the process appears to be relatively simple and straightforward, severe erosion / corrosion problems have been encountered. Erosion is caused by particulate matter of phosphate rock and gypsum solids moving at high velocities whereas corrosion is due to the presence of sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, hydrofluoric acid, hydrofluosilisic acid, chlorides, fluorides, organic compounds and oxidizing species such as ferric ions and other corrodents which can dramatically affect the active / passive behavior of metals and alloys used in this industry. The recent trend to increase the concentration of the final product involves use of higher operating temperatures, which increases the severity of the corrosive environments. This paper presents data, both lab and field, on some of the typical alloys and various components used in this industry to combat the corrosion problems with special emphasis on a newly developed super-austenitic high chromium 6 Mo alloy 31, UNS N08031 which has helped to solve/mitigate both the erosion and corrosion problems in this industry in a cost effective manner, both in USA and abroad (Morocco, Jordan, Israel). This alloy has successfully replaced alloy UNS N06030 in the author’s plant in Rock Springs, Wyoming and for the last three years has been performing exceedingly well.
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González Sánchez, Belén, Antonia Navarro, Judith Ramírez-Casas, and Joan Ramon Rosell. "Traditional Gypsum Pavements with Natural Aditives." In 4th International Conference on Bio-Based Building Materials. Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/cta.1.575.
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In traditional architecture, the construction systems used have always been linked to the material resources of the environment. In the areas of extraction of gypsum in the Iberian Peninsula, the use of this material as a conglomerant was not limited to the interior lining of vertical and/or horizontal walls or to interior decorations, as is the case today, but proved to be a very versatile material, which could be used both in structural elements and in finishing elements and decorations. This study shows the preliminary results of an ongoing research on the recovery of traditional gypsum pavements, where three types of traditional gypsum plasters with natural products such as collagen, coconut soap, potassium soap, vegetable oil and marshmallow root were tested. The hygroscopic behaviour of the treated samples has been evaluated from the capillarity water absorption and the contact angle, due to their high hygroscopicity. On the other hand, the density and porosity, surface hardness and thermal conductivity of the samples have also been determined.
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Yakovlev, Grigory, Anastasiya Gordina, Vladimir Khritankov, et al. "Gypsum composition with siltstone-based mineral modifier." In The 13th international scientific conference “Modern Building Materials, Structures and Techniques”. Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mbmst.2019.041.
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The paper presents the results of studies of the structure and properties of the gypsum composition comprising 3% of crushed siltstone, a metamorphic rock. The structure and physicochemical properties of siltstone were studied, which predetermine its usage as a structuring additive in gypsum compositions. Adding crushed siltstone to the composition of a gypsum binder is shown to cause the compaction of the structure of the gypsum matrix due to changes in the morphology of crystalline hydrates of calcium sulfate and monolithic structure in general, and, consequently, the enhanced mechanical characteristics of the gypsum composition. Using scanning electron microscopy, differential thermography, and IR spectral analysis explain the change in the physicomechanical properties of the gypsum binder.
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Халиков, Рауф Музагитович, and Закира Бадретдиновна Латыпова. "INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES IN THE REGIONAL PRODUCTION OF GYPSUM BUILDING COMPOSITES." In Высокие технологии и инновации в науке: сборник избранных статей Международной научной конференции (Санкт-Петербург, Июль 2022). Crossref, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37539/vt198.2022.77.71.013.
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Сырьевая база региональной стройиндустрии гипсовых композиционных материалов Башкортостана включает достаточно крупные месторождения гипсового камня и ангидрита. Инновационная рекультивационная технология добычи гипса является природосберегающим способом восстановления эродированных ландшафтов в результате карьерных разработок гипсосодержащего сырья. В Башкортостане рентабельно выпускаются композиционные строительные материалы и востребованные изделия на основе гипсовых вяжущих. The raw material base of the regional building industry of gypsum composite materials of Bashkortostan includes quite large deposits of gypsum stone and anhydrite. Innovative recultivation technology of gypsum mining is a nature-saving way to restore eroded landscapes as a result of quarrying gypsum-containing raw materials. Composite building materials and demand products based on gypsum binders are produced cost-effectively in Bashkortostan.
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Shaji, Anjala, and C. M. Manoj. "An Experimental Study on the Thermal Performance of Gypsum Partition Walls." In 2nd International Conference on Modern Trends in Engineering Technology and Management. AIJR Publisher, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/proceedings.160.4.
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Buildings can use less energy if they finish their walls and ceilings with gypsum board. The construction of homes, businesses, and factories uses this material, which was developed in Australia in the early 1990s and then adopted by other countries including China and India. Without the need for columns or beams, gypsum walls can be used as slabs and walls for structural and aesthetic reasons. A lack of fresh building supplies is a result of India's severe housing deficit. The use of sustainable solutions is always preferable when resources are few. To optimally use gypsum board as building material, methods are needed to reduce mold and condensation that frequently found on the material and inner surface of board. This study compares the thermal efficiency of several gypsum partition walls. The test parameters considered in the walls included with and without filler material on thermal performance. Filler materials considered as EPS sheets. Present study will help to choose the right combination of materials for improving the thermal performance of gypsum partition walled structures.
Reports on the topic "Building gypsum"
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Welch, David, and Gregory Deierlein. Technical Background Report for Structural Analysis and Performance Assessment (PEER-CEA Project). Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/yyqh3072.
Full textAbstract:
This report outlines the development of earthquake damage functions and comparative loss metrics for single-family wood-frame buildings with and without seismic retrofit of vulnerable cripple wall and stem wall conditions. The underlying goal of the study is to quantify the benefits of the seismic retrofit in terms of reduced earthquake damage and repair or reconstruction costs. The earthquake damage and economic losses are evaluated based on the FEMA P-58 methodology, which incorporates detailed building information and analyses to characterize the seismic hazard, structural response, earthquake damage, and repair/reconstruction costs. The analyses are informed by and include information from other working groups of the Project to: (1) summarize past research on performance of wood-frame houses; (2) identify construction features to characterize alternative variants of wood-frame houses; (3) characterize earthquake hazard and ground motions in California; (4) conduct laboratory tests of cripple wall panels, wood-frame wall subassemblies and sill anchorages; and (5) validate the component loss models with data from insurance claims adjustors. Damage functions are developed for a set of wood-frame building variants that are distinguished by the number of stories (one- versus two-story), era (age) of construction, interior wall and ceiling materials, exterior cladding material, and height of the cripple walls. The variant houses are evaluated using seismic hazard information and ground motions for several California locations, which were chosen to represent the range seismicity conditions and retrofit design classifications outlined in the FEMA P-1100 guidelines for seismic retrofit. The resulting loss models for the Index Building variants are expressed in terms of three outputs: Mean Loss Curves (damage functions), relating expected loss (repair cost) to ground-motion shaking intensity, Expected Annual Loss, describing the expected (mean) loss at a specific building location due to the risk of earthquake damage, calculated on an annualized basis, and Expected RC250 Loss, which is the cost of repairing damage due to earthquake ground shaking with a return period of 250 years (20% chance of exceedance in 50 years). The loss curves demonstrate the effect of seismic retrofit by comparing losses in the existing (unretrofitted) and retrofitted condition across a range of seismic intensities. The general findings and observations demonstrate: (1) cripple walls in houses with exterior wood siding are more vulnerable than ones with stucco siding to collapse and damage; (2) older pre-1945 houses with plaster on wood lath interior walls are more susceptible to damage and losses than more recent houses with gypsum wallboard interiors; (3) two-story houses are more vulnerable than one-story houses; (4) taller (e.g., 6-ft-tall) cripple walls are generally less vulnerable to damage and collapse than shorter (e.g., 2-ft-tall) cripple walls; (5) houses with deficient stem wall connections are generally observed to be less vulnerable to earthquake damage than equivalent unretrofitted cripple walls with the same superstructure; and (6) the overall risk of losses and the benefits of cripple wall retrofit are larger for sites with higher seismicity. As summarized in the report, seismic retrofit of unbraced cripple walls can significantly reduce the risk of earthquake damage and repair costs, with reductions in Expected RC250 Loss risk of up to 50% of the house replacement value for an older house with wood-frame siding at locations of high seismicity. In addition to the reduction in repair cost risk, the seismic retrofit has an important additional benefit to reduce the risk of major damage that can displace residents from their house for many months.
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Willi, Joseph, Keith Stakes, Jack Regan, and Robin Zevotek. Evaluation of Ventilation-Controlled Fires in L-Shaped Training Props. UL's Firefighter Safety Research Institute, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.54206/102376/mijj9867.
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Investigations of recent firefighter line of duty deaths caused by rapid fire progression have highlighted a deficiency in firefighters’ understanding of how certain tactics affect the fire dynamics of ventilation-controlled fires. Many fires are in a ventilation-limited, decay state by the time firefighters arrive at the scene, meaning that introducing additional ventilation to the environment has the potential to cause rapid and intense fire growth. To more effectively teach firefighters about the potential effects of ventilation on a compartment fire, ventilation-controlled fires should be gener- ated during training. Safely creating such fires while maintaining compliance with NFPA 1403: Standard on Live-Fire Training Evolutions allows instructors to educate students on this important principle of fire dynamics in the training environment. Structures utilized for live-fire training have evolved from typical concrete burn buildings to now include smaller purpose-built props, like those constructed from steel shipping containers or wood and gypsum board. Such props have been embraced by organizations due to their cost-effectiveness and potential to improve fire behavior training. Obtaining a thorough understanding of the capa- bilities and limitations of such props is critical for instructors to convey accurate messages during training and properly prepare firefighters for scenarios they’ll encounter in the field. Experiments were conducted to quantify the fire environment in L-shaped props with different wall constructions. One prop had an interior wall lining of gypsum board over wood studs and fiberglass insulation. The two other props were constructed from metal shipping containers with corrugated steel walls; one had ceilings and walls comprised solely of the corrugated steel, while the other had ceilings and walls comprised of rolled steel sheeting over mineral wool insulation with the corrugated steel wall as its backing. Three fuel packages were compared between the props: one contained furnishings mainly composed of synthetic materials and foam plastics; another contained wooden pallets and straw; and the third contained wooden pallets, straw, and oriented strand board (OSB). A stochastic approach was used to compare data between replicate tests and quantify the repeatability of the different props and fuel packages, all of which were deemed sufficiently repeatable. Comparisons of data between the three props revealed that thermal conditions between experiments in the two metal props were indistinguishable, suggesting that the additional layer of insulation did not significantly alter the fire environment. Additionally, thermal conditions in the gypsum-lined prop were more severe than those in the metal props. The effects of ventilation changes on fire conditions were also analyzed across various prop and fuel load combinations. Lastly, the response of the thermal environment in each prop during interior suppression was evaluated, and the results implied that the thermal exposure to the firefighter was more severe in the metal props than the gypsum prop for a brief period following the start of suppression.