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Journal articles on the topic 'Building gypsum'
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1
Xie, Zhiqing, Xiaoming Liu, Zengqi Zhang, Chao Wei, and Jiarui Gu. "Application of the Industrial Byproduct Gypsum in Building Materials: A Review." Materials 17, no. 8 (2024): 1837. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17081837.
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The industrial byproduct gypsum is a general term for byproducts discharged from industrial production with calcium sulfate as the main ingredient. Due to the high number of impurities and production volume, the industrial byproduct gypsum is underutilized, leading to serious environmental problems. At present, only desulfurization gypsum and phosphogypsum have been partially utilized in cementitious materials, cement retarders, etc., while the prospects for the utilization of other byproduct gypsums remain worrying. This paper mainly focuses on the sources and physicochemical properties of various types of gypsum byproducts and summarizes the application scenarios of various gypsums in construction materials. Finally, some suggestions are proposed to solve the problem of the industrial byproduct gypsum. This review is informative for solving the environmental problems caused by gypsum accumulation.
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Chro, M. Fatah and Jamila, J. Tahir. "Suitability of Gypsum from Fatha Formation for Production of Building Materials in Bazian -Takiya area, North-East Iraq." Tikrit Journal of Pure Science 26, no. 3 (2021): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjps.v26i3.142.
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Gypsum products are one of the most widely used materials in the industry. The wide use of gypsum as a building material over a very long period of time. A number of manufacturers introduce different professional quarries, but their physical and chemical properties were still questionable. Five gypsum samples were taken for chemical and physical analysis. Chemical analysis shows that gypsum are of high purity, more than 95.25% with varying amount of impurities; SiO2 (1.49-1.87) %, Na2O (0.17-1.00) %, MgO (0.03-0.13) % Al2O3 (0.06-0.23) % and Fe2O3 (0.05-0.09) %, .This can be used for Plaster of Paris without any purification of gypsum. The (SO3 and CaO) % shows that all studied samples are suitable for gypsum production as the final coating and building gypsum. The physical analysis shows that the colors of gypsum samples are suitable for building, Plaster of Paris, final coating and Juss according to the color chart of minerals and to Iraqi standard specification. The fineness percentage is less than 8%. Thus the specifications of all samples are agreements to standard specifications for building gypsums. In terms of setting time, the sample 1 and 2 are suitable for building gypsum and plaster of Paris and classified as Borax. However, samples 3, 4, and 5 are suitable for anhydrous calcined gypsum – final coat and classified as Knee cement. Moreover, the setting time for all the samples increased with the increase of the water powder ratio.
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Morales-Segura, Mónica, César Porras-Amores, Paola Villoria-Sáez, and David Caballol-Bartolomé. "Characterization of Gypsum Composites Containing Cigarette Butt Waste for Building Applications." Sustainability 12, no. 17 (2020): 7022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12177022.
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Cigarette butts are one of the most common waste on the planet and are not biodegradable, so they remain on the landscape for many years. Cigarette butt composition makes it suitable to be added during the manufacture of construction materials, so it can be considered a waste recovery material, helping to reduce the ecological footprint of the construction sector. This article shows the characterization of gypsum composites containing cigarette butt waste. Several gypsum specimens were prepared incorporating different percentages of cigarette butt waste (0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0% and 2.5%). Samples without waste additions were also prepared in order to compare the results obtained. Samples were tested for density, superficial hardness, flexural and compressive strength, bonding strength and acoustic performance. Results show that it is possible to add cigarette butts in a gypsum matrix, resulting in better mechanical behavior than traditional gypsums.
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Ngernchuklin, Piyalak, Nestchanok Yongpraderm, Arjin Boonruang, Sittichai Kanchanasutha, Pracha Laoauyporn, and Chumphol Busabok. "Upgrading of Waste Gypsum for Building Materials." Key Engineering Materials 766 (April 2018): 211–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.766.211.
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In this research, waste gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O), a by-product material from industrial factory, was upgraded and then used as raw material for building materials. The by-product gypsum possessed a high acidic value of 3-point pH scale and moisture content of 40 %. The two properties had an impact on setting reaction and hardening of gypsum. Therefore, the studies of gypsum phase transformation to calcium sulfate hemihydrate (CaSO4·0.5H2O) were focused on washing process and amount of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) added at 0, 1, 3 and 5 % wt. After washing, waste gypsum and washed water were reduced from high acidic value to neutralization (pH = 7) as a result of CaCO3. Next, the neutralized gypsum was heated to the optimal temperature at 160 °C for 2 hours and transformed to hemihydrate gypsum phase observed by XRD. Finally, the relationship of amount of CaCO3-mechanical property such as bending strength will be investigated.
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Wu, Qi Sheng, Shui Ping Li, and Chang Sen Zhang. "Preparation of Polyacrylamide Emulsion Modified Waterproof Desulfurization Building Gypsum." Key Engineering Materials 509 (April 2012): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.509.51.
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In this paper the waterproofness of desulfurization building gypsum had been improved by polyacrylamide(PAM) emulsion. The effect of dosage and molecular weight of PAM emulsion on the physical mechanical properties and waterproofness have been investigated and XRD, SEM have been employed to determine the phase compositions of the material. The results showed that softening coefficient of desulfurization building gypsum increased from 0.34 to 0.69, the compressive strength after soaking in water for 24 h increased from 4.9MPa to 6.1 MPa. The effect of PAM emulsion modification prepared by PAM with molecular 3 million weight of on desulfurization building gypsum are better than with molecular weight of 5 million. The effect mechanism of PAM on desulfurization building gypsum was that PAM reacts with the Ca2+ cations produced desulfurization building gypsum hydration to form the ionic compounds acting as a filler and reinforcement in the porosity of desulfurization building gypsum, and also PAM covered the surface of desulfurization building gypsum particles to prevent the crystallization of CaSO4.2H2O.
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Liao, Shixiong, Kun Ma, Zhiman Zhao, Lei Wu, Zhuo Liu, and Sicheng Quan. "Preparation and Pore Structure of Energy-Storage Phosphorus Building Gypsum." Materials 15, no. 19 (2022): 6997. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15196997.
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In this study, the pore structure of a hardened phosphorous building gypsum body was optimised by blending an air-entraining agent with the appropriate water–paste ratio. The response surface test was designed according to the test results of the hardened phosphorous building gypsum body treated with an air-entraining agent and an appropriate water–paste ratio. Moreover, the optimal process parameters were selected to prepare a porous phosphorous building gypsum skeleton, which was used as a paraffin carrier to prepare energy-storage phosphorous building gypsum. The results indicate that if the ratio of the air-entraining agent to the water–paste ratio is reasonable, the hardened body of phosphorous building gypsum can form a better pore structure. With the influx of paraffin, its accumulated pore volume and specific surface area decrease, and the pore size distribution is uniform. The paraffin completely occupies the pores, causing the compressive strength of energy-storage phosphorous building gypsum to be better than that of similar gypsum energy-storing materials. The heat energy further captured by energy-storage phosphorous building gypsum in the endothermic and exothermic stages is 28.19 J/g and 28.64 J/g, respectively, which can be used to prepare energy-saving building materials.
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Potapova, Ekaterina, Aung Kyaw Nyein, Elena Tsvetkova, and Hans-Betram Fischer. "Modification of the structure of gypsum-cement-pozzolanic binder." MATEC Web of Conferences 329 (2020): 04007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202032904007.
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Modification of the structure of gypsum-cement-pozzolan binder allows you to expand the range of gypsum binders for creating dry building mixes and structural elements of low-rise buildings. It was found that in the presence of functional additives, the character of crystallization of hydrate neoplasms changes, which leads to a change in the properties of the hardened binder. The study of the effect of individual and complex additives on the properties of gypsum-cement-pozzolan binder allowed us to develop water-resistant gypsum binders.
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Haaßengier, Claudia. "Gypsum and anhydrite of Thuringia unusual building stones." Zeitschrift der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Geowissenschaften 158, no. 4 (2007): 763–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/1860-1804/2007/0158-0763.
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Zhang, Bo, Haibin Yang, Tao Xu, Waiching Tang, and Hongzhi Cui. "Mechanical and Thermo-Physical Performances of Gypsum-Based PCM Composite Materials Reinforced with Carbon Fiber." Applied Sciences 11, no. 2 (2021): 468. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11020468.
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Phase change materials (PCMs) have received extensive attention due to their high latent heat storage density and isothermal behavior during heat charging and discharging processes. The application of PCMs in buildings would match energy supply and demand by using solar energy effectively, thereby reducing building energy consumption. In this study, a diatomite/paraffin (DP) composite was prepared through a vacuum-impregnated process. The thermo-physical performance, thermal stability, chemical structure and thermal reliability of the DP composite were evaluated. To develop a structural–functional integrated energy storage building material, carbon fibers (CF) were chosen as the reinforcing material. The mechanical and thermal properties of CF-reinforced DP/gypsum were examined. It is evident that the flexural strength and thermal conductivity of DP/gypsum containing 1 wt. % CF increased by 176.0% and 20.3%, respectively. In addition, the results of room model testing demonstrated that the presence of CF could enhance the overall thermal conductivity and improve the thermo-regulated performance of DP/gypsum. Moreover, the payback period of applying CF-reinforced DP/gypsum in residential buildings is approximately 23.31 years, which is much less than the average life span of buildings. Overall, the CF reinforced DP/gypsum composite is promising for thermal energy storage applications.
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Zhang, Yi, Zhong Tao, Lei Wu, Zhiqi Zhang, and Zhiman Zhao. "Strength Prediction of Ball-Milling-Modified Phosphorus Building Gypsum Based on NSGM (1,4) Model." Materials 15, no. 22 (2022): 7988. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15227988.
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Phosphogypsum is an industrial byproduct from the wet preparation of phosphoric acid. Phosphorus building gypsum can be obtained from phosphogypsum after high-thermal dehydration. This study aimed to analyze the influence of ball milling with different parameters on the strength of phosphorus building gypsum. In this paper, the absolute dry flexural strength and the absolute dry compressive strength of phosphorus building gypsum were compared under different mass ratios of material to ball, ball-milling speed, and ball-milling time, and the NSGM (1,4) model was applied to model and predict the strength of phosphorus building gypsum modified by ball milling. According to the research results, under the same mass ratio of material to ball and ball-milling speed, the absolute dry flexural strength and absolute dry compressive strength of phosphorus building gypsum firstly increased and then decreased with the increase in milling time. The NSGM (1,4) model established in this paper could effectively simulate and predict the absolute dry flexural strength and the absolute dry compressive strength of the ball-milling-modified phosphorus building gypsum; the average relative simulation errors were 12.38% and 13.77%, and the average relative prediction errors were 6.30% and 12.47%.
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Liu, Yu, Jia Hao Yang та Feng Qing Zhao. "Combined Use of Phosphoric Acid Modified Steel Slag and Protein Material for Retarding of Β-Semi-Hydrous Gypsum". Key Engineering Materials 918 (25 квітня 2022): 129–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-6xhd0l.
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Building gypsum has the disadvantage of short setting time and fast hardening characteristics. Based on the systematic experiments, a combined retarding system of phosphoric acid modified steel slag (3%, gypsum-based) and protein-based material (Sika 200P 0.005%, gypsum-based) is proposed. The initial setting time of gypsum is prolonged to 206 min and the final setting time is 221 min. The retarding effect for desulfurization building gypsum is significantly better than Sika 200P, and the cost is greatly reduced.
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Mu, Ru, Ling Wang, Wen Ling Tian, and Wei Cao. "Long-Term Bonding Strength between Flue Gas Desulfurization Gypsum and Polymer Cement Mortar." Advanced Materials Research 446-449 (January 2012): 1348–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.446-449.1348.
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The uncertainty of long-term bonding strength of flue gas desulfurization building gypsum and cement based construction materials is the major issue impeding the application of flue gas desulfurization building gypsum in construction. A polymer cement mortar is suggested to get high bonding quality with flue gas desulfurization building gypsum. Long-term bonding observation has been carried out to verify the bonding performance of suggested polymer cement mortar with flue gas desulfurization gypsum. The results show that the bonding strength is up to 3.0MPa, and the bonding between them is durable.
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Wang, Junjie, and Engui Liu. "Physicomechanical Properties of Gypsum with Mineral Additions at Elevated Temperatures." Coatings 13, no. 12 (2023): 2091. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings13122091.
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Gypsum, from either nature or industrial by-products, can be a lower-cost and cleaner alternative binder to Portland cement used in construction projects, such as affordable housing in developing countries. Although various building products have successfully used gypsum as the binder, some drawbacks of this material have still been claimed, for example, in the aspects of mechanical strength and some other physical properties. Using mineral additions to gypsum seems to be a possible solution to create composite gypsum with improved properties. This work has investigated the possibility of two common minerals (silica flour and talc powder) in modifying composite gypsum’s physical and mechanical performance at elevated temperatures (100–1100 °C), including hydration, strength, thermal conduction and stability, and microstructure. The results suggest that 10% gypsum replacement by silica flour or talc powder modifies gypsum’s physical and mechanical properties, with silica flour performing better than talc powder. The performance of composite gypsum at elevated temperatures depends on the treatment temperature and reflects the combined effects of gypsum phase change and the filler effects of silica flour or talc powder. Thermal treatment at ≤200 °C increased the thermal resistance of all gypsum boards but decreased their compressive strength. Thermal treatment at ≥300 °C significantly increased the compressive strength of gypsum with silica flour and talc powder but induced intensive microcracks and thus failed the thermal insulation. This investigation indicates that silica flour can potentially raise the mechanical performance of gypsum. At the same time, talc powder can hold water and lubricate, which may help with the continuous hydration of gypsum phases and the rheology of its mixtures.
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Kazragis, Algimantas, Glntaras Marčiukaitis, and Gediminas Jurkėnas. "A NEW RETARDING AGENT OF BUILDING GYPSUM HARDENING/NAUJAS STATYBINIO GIPSO KIETĖJIMO LĖTIKLIS." JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 2, no. 7 (1996): 30–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13921525.1996.10531652.
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In order to inhibit the process of setting and hardening of building gypsum, retarding agents are used. They: decrease the solubility of gypsum semihydrate (e.g. ammonia) form compounds of lower solubility on the surface of gypsum grains (sodium and potassium phosphates, tetraborate, boric acid) are absorbed on gypsum grain surface and inhibit the formation of crystal nuclei (sulphite alcohol ferment, keratin). The materials mentioned above have some disadvantages: long duration of preparation (lying, boiling, filtering) and uncertainty of formulae (glue solutions) layering of gypsum additions mixtures and decrease of mechanical resistance of hardened gypsum (phosphates, borates) process complications caused by necessity of water heating that leads to uncertain influence of additions when the conditions for maintaining constant temperature of the mixture are absent (hot running water). New retarding agent, inhibiting the hardening of building gypsum without disadvantages listed above is created. The effect of the retarding agent is caused by the formation of clathrate compounds. The retarding agent consists of carbamide and inorganic stabilising addition, in ratio 40:1. The duration of the complete hardening of building gypsum can be prolonged by the retarding agent up to 90 min.
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Omari, Soufian, Najma Laaroussi, and Aziz Ettahir. "Improving energy efficiency in Moroccan homes: Thermal performance of gypsum plaster and expanded clay." Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology 9, no. 4 (2025): 1050–65. https://doi.org/10.55214/25768484.v9i4.6170.
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Thermophysical properties of construction materials, such as thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity, play a crucial role in evaluating the thermal performance of buildings. This study investigates these properties in gypsum plaster mixed with expanded clay granules and assesses its impact on residential building energy demand. Gypsum plaster samples were prepared with varying mass proportions of expanded clay while maintaining a constant water-to-plaster ratio. Thermal conductivity and diffusivity were measured using the heated plate and flash methods, respectively. Additionally, a Trnsys-based simulation was conducted to evaluate the effect of these mixtures on energy consumption. The results indicate that adding expanded clay granules reduces the thermal properties of gypsum plaster, likely due to water absorption during mixing. However, using gypsum plaster with 6% expanded clay led to an 18.16% energy gain. Moreover, insulation of exterior walls and roofs improved energy performance by 21.83% and 33.21%, respectively, while floor insulation negatively affected efficiency. These findings emphasize the importance of material selection in optimizing energy consumption. The study highlights the potential of integrating expanded clay in gypsum plaster to enhance building energy efficiency, offering valuable insights into sustainable construction practices.
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Liu, Xiao Hong, Jia Li Liu, and Fei Peng Zhao. "Application of Gypsum Composite Concrete in the Antique Building Bracket Set." Applied Mechanics and Materials 174-177 (May 2012): 1562–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.174-177.1562.
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The application of the gypsum composite concrete made with gypsum - cement - sawdust and additives on the antique architectural Bracket set was studied. Component design, mold making, pouring and conserving concrete of the Bracket set which was made by gypsum concrete, and production process of assembling and installing, construction and installation methods were introduced.
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Zhou, Ao, Kwun-Wah Wong, and Denvid Lau. "Thermal Insulating Concrete Wall Panel Design for Sustainable Built Environment." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/279592.
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Air-conditioning system plays a significant role in providing users a thermally comfortable indoor environment, which is a necessity in modern buildings. In order to save the vast energy consumed by air-conditioning system, the building envelopes in envelope-load dominated buildings should be well designed such that the unwanted heat gain and loss with environment can be minimized. In this paper, a new design of concrete wall panel that enhances thermal insulation of buildings by adding a gypsum layer inside concrete is presented. Experiments have been conducted for monitoring the temperature variation in both proposed sandwich wall panel and conventional concrete wall panel under a heat radiation source. For further understanding the thermal effect of such sandwich wall panel design from building scale, two three-story building models adopting different wall panel designs are constructed for evaluating the temperature distribution of entire buildings using finite element method. Both the experimental and simulation results have shown that the gypsum layer improves the thermal insulation performance by retarding the heat transfer across the building envelopes.
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Iucolano, Fabio, Assunta Campanile, Domenico Caputo, and Barbara Liguori. "Sustainable Management of Autoclaved Aerated Concrete Wastes in Gypsum Composites." Sustainability 13, no. 7 (2021): 3961. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13073961.
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Promoting the use of gypsum and gypsum-based materials in construction is a successful strategy from an environmental point of view; it allows a lower energy demand with a sensible reduction in carbon dioxide emissions. At the same time, the manufacturing of gypsum products can represent an interesting sector to redirect and manage the large amount of autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) waste. In this paper a sustainable application of AAC granulate waste in gypsum-based building materials was proposed. The intrinsic compatibility derived their chemical composition and allowed it to partially substitute raw gypsum with the waste up to 30% without affecting the functional and structural properties of the final product. Physical characterization and sound absorption data confirmed that the addition of AAC waste does not significantly alter the typical porosity of the gypsum composite. Finally, all of the composites reached mechanical performances suitable for different building application as gypsum plaster.
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Tsubouchi, Kentaro, Yuta Tsukaguchi, Takeshi Shimizu, et al. "Fabrication of Functional Gypsum Boards Using Waste Eggshells to Prevent Sick Building Syndrome." Sustainability 16, no. 7 (2024): 3050. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16073050.
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Eggshells can adsorb chemicals, but no studies regarding the adsorption of gaseous chemicals using eggshells or eggshell membranes have been reported. The purpose of this study was to apply chemical adsorption using eggshells to the maintenance of human health. Building materials containing eggshells may reduce the concentrations of toxic substances, such as formaldehyde, via the adsorption functions of eggshells. In the bending study, the strength of board-shaped gypsum-containing eggshells was not compromised when the content of eggshells within the gypsum was ≤10%. Compared to those of gypsum boards containing seashells, which comprise calcium carbonate, similar to eggshells, gypsum containing eggshells displayed a higher strength. In the adsorption study, board-shaped gypsum containing eggshells placed inside a sealed box rapidly decreased the formaldehyde concentration. A gypsum board with an eggshell content of ≥5% could limit the formaldehyde concentration to ≤0.08 ppm. Furthermore, the results were compared with those of adsorption studies using plasterboard mixed with other natural materials. Eggshells displayed excellent functionalities as novel formaldehyde adsorbents.
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Sangwan, Punita, Hooman Mehdizadeh-Rad, Anne Wai Man Ng, Muhammad Atiq Ur Rehman Tariq, and Raphael Chukwuka Nnachi. "Performance Evaluation of Phase Change Materials to Reduce the Cooling Load of Buildings in a Tropical Climate." Sustainability 14, no. 6 (2022): 3171. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14063171.
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Tropical region such as Darwin has similar weather patterns throughout the year, thus creating higher energy demands in residential buildings. Typically, buildings consume about 40 per cent of the total energy consumption for indoor heating and cooling. Therefore, building envelopes are linked with design strategies such as the use of thermal energy storage and phase change materials (PCM) to minimize this energy consumption by storing a large amount of thermal energy. Primarily, PCMs are targeted by researchers for use in different components of buildings for thermal efficiency; thus, this study aimed to provide a suitable PCM to optimize indoor thermal comfort and minimize the cooling loads of residential buildings in tropical climates through simulation of a tropical climate building and provide optimum thickness for the selected material. Microencapsulated PCM mixed with gypsum in wallboards were used to reduce the cooling load of a building located in Darwin. The cooling load of the building was calculated using Revit software. A comparison of the cooling load of the building was carried out using PCM-incorporated wallboards of thicknesses of 0 cm, 1 cm and 2 cm in Energy Plus software. The total cooling load decreased by 1.1% when the 1-centimetre-thickness was applied to the wall, whereas a 1.5% reduction was obtained when a 2-centimetre-thick PCM layer was applied. Furthermore, the reduced cooling loads due to impregnation of the PCM-based gypsum wallboard gave reduced energy consumption. Ultimately, the 2-centimetre-thickness PCM-based gypsum wallboard gave a maximum reduction in cooling load with a 7.6% reduction in total site energy and 4.76% energy saving in USD/m2/year.
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Vegas, Fernando, Camilla Mileto, Salvador Ivorra, and Fco Javier Baeza. "Checking Gypsum as Structural Material." Applied Mechanics and Materials 117-119 (October 2011): 1576–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.117-119.1576.
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Gypsum, relegated in contemporaneous architecture to a secondary, auxiliary or decorative role, has been traditionally employed in some parts of Spain for building structural pillars, floors, massive walls, mortars, etc. The authors have studied this gypsum in its several local forms, from its firing in the kiln to the building process in order to unveil the reasons for its excellent structural behaviour. With the first hypothesis, several strength tests with present commercial gypsum have been made at the laboratory. They confirm the extraordinary structural performance of the material, if only some conditions are respected during the building process.
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Sweity, Yousri, Victoria Petropavlovskaya, Tatiana Novichenkova, and Kirill Petropavlovskii. "Influence of bed ash on the rheology and properties of gypsum building mixtures." E3S Web of Conferences 403 (2023): 03012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202340303012.
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In the article, the influence of the aluminosilicate part of fuel bottom ash and slag mixtures on the water demand of gypsum raw materials of dry building mixtures is considered. It is shown that the aluminosilicate filler has a plasticizing effect. This is due to the presence of microspheres in the composition of the filler. They reduce the amount of water needed to achieve normal gypsum paste consistency. This is reflected in other physical, mechanical and structural characteristics of gypsum. The ash filler in the optimal ratio with the gypsum binder compacts the structure of the stone. does not participate in chemical transformations. To increase the efficiency of the ash filler, it is necessary to introduce additional components that activate the processes of structure formation in ash-gypsum binders.
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Jaiswal, Saurabh. "A Comparative Study of G+10 Structure with Various Materials Masonry, Concrete and Glass Fiber Reinforced Gypsum Panel (GFRG)." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 12, no. 5 (2024): 5415–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2024.62958.
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Abstract: Glass fiber reinforced gypsum plasterboard (GFRG) is an environmentally friendly product. They are made of modified plaster and reinforced with fiberglass strips. Its main use is in the construction of walls, but it can also be used in combination with reinforced concrete on floors and roofs. The panels have voids that can be filled with concrete or reinforced with steel bars to increase strength and ductility. These panels can be used as an alternative building material to replace bricks and concrete blocks. IIT Madras has conducted several research studies and developed a structural design manual for designing buildings constructed by GFRG. Phosphor gypsum is a by-product of the fertilizer industry. In addition to its use as a fertilizer, building material, and soil stabilizer, approximately 85% of phosphor gypsum is disposed of near phosphate plants, which require large disposal sites. Phosphorus from gypsum can be effectively removed by creating glass fiber reinforced gypsum plasterboard (GFRG), also known as fast wall. They may or may not be used as support structures. In this research work we design three different models of G+10 in 5th zone of earthquake as on IS code. The lateral load such as earthquake is to be classified as live horizontal forces acting on the structure depending on the structure’s geographic location, height, shape and structural material. In this study, a multi-story Glass fiber reinforced panel and Brick-infill and concrete block infill wall building has been shown and performed by using software ETABS constructed on a plan ground having G+10 stories.
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Wang, Qiang, and Ruiquan Jia. "A novel gypsum-based self-leveling mortar produced by phosphorus building gypsum." Construction and Building Materials 226 (November 2019): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.07.289.
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Mokrova, M. V. "Improving the cold-resisting properties of gypsum building materials and products." Вестник гражданских инженеров 18, no. 2 (2021): 134–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.23968/1999-5571-2021-18-2-134-141.
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The paper presents the data of experimental studies on the development of compositions of porous gypsum materials using gas-forming substances and modifying micro-additives. The cold-resisting characteristics of samples differing in composition and density have been determined. The obtained characteristics correspond to the requirements of the standard for gypsum tongue-and-groove slabs intended for wall structures. Conclusions are made about the effectiveness and prospects of using gypsum-based cellular building materials for the manufacture of wall structures.
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Kobetičová, Klára, Jitka Krejsová, Martin Keppert, et al. "Enhancing Functional Properties and Mold Resistance of Gypsum Plasters with Caffeine." Buildings 14, no. 11 (2024): 3494. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings14113494.
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Caffeine is a proven bioactive substance against fungi for internal use, without any observed negative effects on properties of wood materials. However, its addition to other building materials for internal use has not yet been tested. For this reason, the effects of caffeine’s addition on selected properties of gypsum plasters were studied. Two experimental approaches were applied in the present study: (A) using an aqueous caffeine solution (20 g/L) for the preparation of gypsum plaster; and (B) immersing the gypsum plaster in the same caffeine concentration. The results showed a significant increase in the compressive strength of the plaster after 7 days of curing in laboratory conditions (variant A—46%, variant B—16%). The application of caffeine led to a substantial improvement in the water resistance of gypsum. Gypsum plasters were also exposed to a mixture of air molds. The plasters directly mixed with caffeine were about 72% less attacked by molds than the control, while immersed samples showed only a 20% reduction in mold coverage. The main conclusions of the study are that caffeine is a suitable additive for the improvement of gypsum’s compressive strength, and its addition leads to a higher resistance of gypsum against humidity and mold attacks.
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Saleh, Dheyaa, Azealdeen Al-Jawadi, and Assad Al-Omari. "Engineering Assessment and Recycling of Building Stones Produced from the Destroyed Buildings in Old Mosul City." Iraqi Geological Journal 56, no. 2A (2023): 275–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.46717/igj.56.2a.21ms-2023-7-30.
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Building stones have various mineralogical, textures, microstructures, and physical and mechanical properties. Limestone, dolomite, and gypsum stone samples were taken from the old city of Mosul, which was destroyed due to the liberation operation of the city. From the study of the rock segments, it appeared that there was a low percentage of the pores that were formed due to the dissolution process, as well as the effect of weathering was a few centimeters in depth. From the results of the physical tests of the samples, it appeared that the density of the limestone is low to high for the grey gypsum. The grey gypsum has zero porosity, while low in gypsum and medium to high in dolomite and limestone, respectively. The rate of forced water absorption varies, and the reason is the difference in the porosity as it increases with connected pores, which in term leads to an increase in the amount of absorbed water. According to the results of the mechanical tests of the rocks, the compressive strength was low to medium, and the durability of the rocks was high, this confirms the validity of the rocks in the study area as unloading bearing stones. The economic feasibility results from not transporting the old rocks, but rather using them in the same site in the city. These huge quantities of stones, which took a great deal of work and money to bring to the city from the outskirts, cannot be wasted by transporting them outside the city because it will cause significant pollution and cost time and money, whereas they can be used in the reconstruction of the destroyed city, for instance, unloading bearing stones.
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Mokrova, Marina, Larisa Matveeva, Yulia Leontyeva, Dmitry Letenko, and Sergey Cherevko. "Modified gas gypsum for thermal and sound insulation in engineering structures." E3S Web of Conferences 371 (2023): 02022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202337102022.
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The relevance of gypsum materials in the context of "Eco-construction" is beyond doubt, since gypsum is exactly the building material that fully meets the requirements of ecology and environ-mental protection. Improving the efficiency of gypsum building materials by creating new modi-fied materials with improved technical and operational characteristics currently remains an im-portant and urgent task. In conditions of energy and resource saving due to the lack of the need to build new production lines and sections, this problem was solved by creating modified gypsum materials with improved functional performance properties through the use of modern highly effective modifying micro- and nano-additives. The paper discusses the effect of nanocellulose and styrene latex microadditives on the morphology and properties of gas gypsum – compressive and flexural strength, and sound absorption coefficients. We used a standard gypsum binder of the Peshelan gypsum plant grade G-6. Crystalline citric acid was used as a gas - forming agent. An aqueous emulsion butadiene-styrene latex and an aqueous suspension of nanocellulose were used as strengthening and modifying structuring microadditives.
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Baptista-Neto, José A., Bernard J. Smith, John J. McAllister, Maria Augusta M. Silva, and Fabio S. Castanheira. "Surface modification of a granite building stone in central Rio de Janeiro." Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 78, no. 2 (2006): 317–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0001-37652006000200011.
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In order to evaluate environmental controls on the soiling formation and decay of building stones a set of mapping and physical and chemical analyses were carried out on granite from a historical church in the polluted centre of Rio de Janeiro. These techniques highlight the increasing of threatening damage on generally perceived as a durable building material, caused by granular disaggregation and contour scaling in areas close to ground level. Mapping also indicated the formation of black crusts over entire building façades, concentrated on areas sheltered from rain-wash. Analyses demonstrated the influence of marine aerosols, rock and mortar composition and mostly of the atmospheric pollutants on the decay and soiling of the granite. Much of the decay is associated specifically with the presence of halite (NaCl) and gypsum (CaS04.2H2O). The fact that black, gypsum crusts are able to develop over entire façades in a humid subtropical environment is testimony to the high levels of local pollution, especially particulate deposition. Reduced rainwash, in sheltered micro-environments of narrow, canyon-like streets, overcomes the gypsum tendency to bewashed away from buildings façades. These observations further highlight that decay processes are primarily controlled by microclimatic conditions.
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Koper, Artur, Karol Prałat, Justyna Ciemnicka, and Katarzyna Buczkowska. "Influence of the Calcination Temperature of Synthetic Gypsum on the Particle Size Distribution and Setting Time of Modified Building Materials." Energies 13, no. 21 (2020): 5759. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13215759.
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The paper assesses the influence of the calcination temperature of synthetic gypsum binder on the binding properties of innovative gypsum pastes, as well as on masonry and plastering mortars. The calcination process of gypsum binder was carried out at four different temperatures ranging from 170 to 190 °C. The specimens for testing were prepared on the basis of the obtained raw material with a constant water to gypsum ratio of w/g = 0.75. It was noted that the calcination temperature influenced the setting time of the gypsum. Based on synthetic gypsum, mixtures of masonry and plastering mortars modified with tartaric acid and Plast Retard were designed. During the experiment, the particle diameter distribution of aqueous suspensions of building and synthetic gypsum particles (before and after calcination) was determined using the Fraunhofer laser method. The dimensions of the obtained artificial gypsum grains did not differ from the diameters of the gypsum grains in the reference sample. On the basis of the conducted research, it was found that the waste synthetic gypsum obtained in the flue gas desulphurization process met the standard conditions related to its setting time. Therefore, it may be a very good construction substitute for natural gypsum, and consequently, it may contribute to environmental protection and the saving and respecting of energy.
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jaiswal, Saurabh. "A Review Study on Comparison of G+10 Structure with Several Materials Masonry, Concrete and Glass Fiber Reinforced Gypsum Panel (GFRG)." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, no. 05 (2024): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem35266.
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Glass fiber reinforced gypsum plasterboard (GFRG) is an environmentally friendly product. They are made of modified plaster and reinforced with fiberglass strips. Its main use is in the construction of walls, but it can also be used in combination with reinforced concrete on floors and roofs. The panels have voids that can be filled with concrete or reinforced with steel bars to increase strength and ductility. These panels can be used as an alternative building material to replace bricks and concrete blocks. IIT Madras has conducted several research studies and developed a structural design manual for designing buildings constructed by GFRG. Phosphor gypsum is a by-product of the fertilizer industry. In addition to its use as a fertilizer, building material, and soil stabilizer, approximately 85% of phosphor gypsum is disposed of near phosphate plants, which require large disposal sites. Phosphorus from gypsum can be effectively removed by creating glass fiber reinforced gypsum plasterboard (GFRG), also known as fast wall. They may or may not be used as support structures. In this research work we design three different models of G+10 in 5th zone of earthquake as on IS code. The lateral load such as earthquake is to be classified as live horizontal forces acting on the structure depending on the structure’s geographic location, height, shape and structural material. In this study, a multi-story Glass fiber reinforced panel and Brick-infill and concrete block infill wall building has been shown and performed by using software ETABS constructed on a plan ground having G+10 stories. Keywords: GFRG Panels, Concrete Blocks, Clay Bricks, Lateral Loading, Light weight Construction and Masonry etc.
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Mahn, Jeffrey, Markus Müller-Trapet, Sabrina Skoda, and Iara Cunha. "The booming party walls being constructed in the skyscrapers of Toronto." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 154, no. 4_supplement (2023): A85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0022881.
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With eight new 300 m or higher buildings and another ninety shorter skyscrapers either under construction or proposed for the booming Toronto real estate market, there is no shortage of work for acoustic consultants in Toronto at the moment. Most of the high-rise buildings allocated for residential use include concrete floors and ceilings, glass curtain walls, and lightweight, steel stud gypsum board interior walls. A party wall design that has become popular among architects is a double steel stud wall with one or more layers of gypsum board attached to the studs in the gap between the rows of studs in addition to the gypsum board attached to the exterior of the studs. Typically, the transmission loss values for the wall designs used to demonstrate compliance with the building code are those for single stud walls with equivalent stud gauges and numbers of exterior layers of gypsum board. Due to the lack of available data, the National Research Council of Canada measured the transmission loss of many of these wall designs and found that adding the gypsum board in the cavity between the rows of studs has a significant effect on the transmission loss below 200 Hz.
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Ramos, N. M. M., João M. P. Q. Delgado, and V. P. de Freitas. "Concentration Dependent Diffusion in Building Materials – Application of Different Methods." Defect and Diffusion Forum 273-276 (February 2008): 150–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.273-276.150.
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Moisture is an important factor when analyzing the behaviour of building elements and materials. A deeper knowledge on moisture transport under transient conditions of environmental air temperature and humidity is required. In this experimental work, the measurements of moisture diffusion coefficients, w D , of three different types of building materials commonly used in Portugal (gypsum plasterboard, gypsum plaster and gypsum+lime plaster) were obtained for different values of temperature and relative humidity. The results obtained were in good agreement with the values found in literature and show that the increase in temperature resulted in an increase in the diffusion coefficient and an increase in relative humidity (54% to 69%) resulted in a decrease in w D .
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Esmael, Nadia S., and Muhanned S. Gereed. "Properties of Keene's Cement-Quick Set Locally Product." Tikrit Journal of Engineering Sciences 23, no. 1 (2016): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjes.23.1.06.
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Gypsum has been used as building material over a very long period of time. The production of gypsum plaster in Iraq confined on three types; plaster of Paris, ordinary gypsum and mechanical gypsum. The purpose of this study is to present a proposal to produce another type of gypsum plaster called Keene's cement, it has improvement characterizes than the other types of gypsum. In this study different percentage of alum solution has been used to soaked in gypsum lumps and different recalcinating temperatures also have been used. The results show that 12% of alum and 250 C° recalcinating temperature gave the highest result of compressive strength of Keene's cement product.
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Tounchuen, Kanyakarn, Pinsiri Umponpanarat, Wantanee Buggakupta, and Withaya Panpa. "Effects of Diatomite and Glass Cullet in the Waste-Based Gypsum Building Materials." Key Engineering Materials 545 (March 2013): 122–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.545.122.
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Gypsum building materials can be made from either natural resources or industrial residues. This work introduces the gypsum mixture based on domestic industrial wastes. The waste used as a calcium sulfate source in the mix is FGD gypsum from a power generation plant. Meanwhile, the silica-rich sources, i.e. diatomite, derived from brewery production, and soda-lime glass cullet from automotive safety glass industry are also employed. These wastes were pretreated before mixing and the compositions of the waste-based gypsum were carefully formulated and characterized. Phase presence and microstructural information were determined. Development in strength as well as water resistance was examined. The experimental work suggested that the addition of diatomite can significantly increase both strength and water insolubility.
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Trociński, Adrian, Marek Wieruszewski, Monika Bartkowiak, Dorota Dziurka, and Radosław Mirski. "The Influence of Hemp Fibers (Cannabis sativa L.) on the Mechanical Properties of Fiber–Gypsum Boards Reinforcing the Gypsum Matrix." Polymers 16, no. 18 (2024): 2644. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym16182644.
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The modern construction industry is looking for new ecological materials (available, cheap, recyclable) that can successfully replace materials that are not environmentally friendly. Fibers of natural origin are materials that can improve the properties of gypsum composites. This is an important issue because synthetic fibers (hardly biodegradable—glass or polypropylene fibers) are commonly used to reinforce gypsum boards. Increasing the state of knowledge regarding the possibility of replacing synthetic fibers with natural fibers is another step towards creating more environmentally friendly building materials and determining their characteristics. This paper investigates the possibility of manufacturing fiber–gypsum composites based on natural gypsum (building gypsum) and hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) fibers grown in Poland. The effect of introducing hemp fibers of different lengths and with varying proportions of mass (mass of gypsum to mass of fibers) into the gypsum matrix was investigated. The experimental data obtained indicate that adding hemp fibers to the gypsum matrix increases the static bending strength of the composites manufactured. The highest mechanical strength, at 4.19 N/mm2, was observed in fiber–gypsum composites with 4% hemp fiber content at 50 mm in length. A similar trend of increased strength was observed in longitudinal tension. Again, the composite variant with 4% fiber content within the gypsum matrix had the highest mechanical strength. Manufacturing fibers–gypsum composites with more than 4% hemp fiber content negatively affected the composites’ strength. Mixing long (50 mm) hemp fibers with the gypsum matrix is technologically problematic, but tests have shown a positive effect on the mechanical properties of the refined composites. The article indicates the length and quantity limitations of hemp fibers on the basis of which fiber–gypsum composites were produced.
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Gao, Feng, Xin Xiao, Zhao Shu, Ke Zhong, Yunfeng Wang, and Ming Li. "Investigation of Thermoregulation Effect of Stabilized Phase Change Gypsum Board with Different Structures in Buildings." Sustainability 16, no. 16 (2024): 6929. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16166929.
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The energy consumption in buildings is high currently, leading to the development of the building envelope with phase change material (PCM), while the application of PCMs to the building envelope has the potential to effectively regulate the temperature variations in the inner surfaces of walls. Eutectic PCM consists of lauric acid, myristic acid, and stearic acid (LA-MA-SA) and was synthesized first, while expanded graphite (EG) and diamote (DE) were used as additives. LA-MA-SA/10 wt.% EG/10 wt.% DE composite PCM was synthesized via the impregnation method; then, the phase change layer was compressed and formed under a pressure of 10 MPa. The sandwich phase change gypsum board was built with three layers, considering the phase change layer on the outside, middle and indoor sides of the board, respectively. The thermal responses of sandwich phase change gypsum boards were considered under various radiation conditions at controlled temperatures of 37 °C, 40 °C, 45 °C and 50 °C. The results indicated that the gypsum board with the addition of 16.7 wt.% composite PCMs showed a better relative time duration of thermal comfort in comparison with pure gypsum board. The indoor heating rate slowed down, and the environmental temperature fluctuation was within a smaller range, because of the latent heat of the phase change gypsum board. Comparing the phase change gypsum boards at different interlayer positions, we found that the phase change gypsum board with an interlayer on the indoor side shows better thermal performance and a relatively longer time duration of thermal comfort, e.g., when the setting temperatures were 37 °C, 40 °C, 45 °C and 50 °C, respectively, the relative time durations of the thermal comfort of the sandwich phase change gypsum board were 4825 s, 3160 s, 1980 s and 1710 s. This study provides insights into the thermoregulation performance of phase change walls, where the utilization of a PCM in a wall can increase thermal capacity and enhance the inner-zone thermal comfort. The findings can provide guidelines for phase change walls to ensure sustainable practices in the energy savings of buildings.
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Harkusha, V., S. Simonov, and S. Hapieiev. "Parameters determination of dry building mixtures based on gips and polimeric additives." Collection of Research Papers of the National Mining University 73 (June 2023): 179–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.33271/crpnmu/73.179.
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Purpose. The properties determination of gypsum raw materials for the production dry building mixtures based on them.To investigate the modifier additives effect on the properties of dry construction mixtures, to establish the expediency of their use and rational quantity. The methods. Laboratory studies were performed in accordance with the current regulatory documents, which regulate the study of building composites as such and raw materials and finished products, which were considered in the submitted work. A number of experimental investigations of many-component compositions have been carried out from the point of view of their rheological and physical-mechanical properties. Additives-modifiers were considered as components that may be influencing the necessary effect on the finished material. Findings. In the production of dry building mixtures based on gypsum, it is necessary to add additives of different spectrum of action to the main composition –thickeners; additives that increase adhesion strength to the treated surface; components that prevent the formation of cracks; regulators of the gypsum hardening or even those that accelerate the hardening of the building mixture.It was determined raw materials and conditions, when using of additives-modifiers is appropriate. An analysis of the components has been made, which seems to be the widest choice with the point of view with the current technology. The most rational dosing of the all components is also given, which may have influence into the properties of the working mixtures and the ready-made budding cover. The originality. The relationship between the combination of components of the gypsum-based dry building mixture has been established, which allows to increase the interval between the beginning and end of the hardening of the gypsum-based building mortar by no less than 30 minutes. Practical implementation. The data obtained of laboratory researches allow to prepare dry building mixtures based on gypsum, that duration is predicted in hours according to all the technological operations of plastering works. It will increase the efficiency of works and improve the comfort of masters.
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Capasso, Ilaria, Lucia Pappalardo, Rosario Aniello Romano, and Fabio Iucolano. "Foamed gypsum for multipurpose applications in building." Construction and Building Materials 307 (November 2021): 124948. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.124948.
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del Monte, Marco, and Paola Rossi. "Fog and gypsum crystals on building materials." Atmospheric Environment 31, no. 11 (1997): 1637–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1352-2310(96)00343-3.
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Ivanova, O., L. Korotkova, M. Fattakhov, and R. Khalikov. "EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT OF THE FUNCTIONING OF TECHNOLOGICAL EQUIPMENT IN THE PRODUCTION OF BUILDING GYPSUM." Scientific heritage, no. 93 (July 22, 2022): 107–13. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6882682.
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Optimal elaboration of the technological scheme for the production of gypsum binders requires the need to take into account the chemical and mineralogical characteristics of gypsum raw materials, profitability and other factors when choosing types of devices for grinding and heat treatment. High-quality management of the smooth functioning of technological equipment in the production of construction gypsum is based on the combination of grinding and thermal combustion of raw minerals.
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Li, Xi, and Maoyu Ran. "Gypsum-Based Humidity-Control Material: Preparation, Performance and Its Impact on Building Energy Consumption." Materials 16, no. 15 (2023): 5211. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16155211.
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This paper introduces a new type of gypsum-based humidity-control material. The material combines gypsum–silica gel humidity-control material with 20% sepiolite powder activated by calcium chloride. Both experimental and simulation studies were conducted to assess its humidity-control performance. The experimental results indicate that gypsum-based humidity-control material has the property of absorbing moisture in high-humidity environments and releasing moisture in low-humidity environments. Moreover, both environmental temperature and relative humidity (RH) have an impact on the material’s humidity-control performance. At a relative humidity of 97.4%, the maximum equilibrium moisture content of the material is 0.225 g/g, which is 1.4 times that of the gypsum–silica gel humidity-control material and 4.5 times that of pure gypsum material. The simulation results indicate that gypsum-based humidity-control material effectively mitigates indoor relative humidity fluctuations and maintains indoor air relative humidity within a narrow range. Furthermore, the material has the potential to reduce building energy consumption. This is especially evident under climate conditions with large temperature and relative humidity differences between day and night, such as in Beijing, Paris, and Atlanta. The maximum potential energy-saving rate in Beijing can reach up to 19.31%.
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Abdullaev, Seidulla, Gabit Bakyt, Ivan Bondar, Galymzhan Ashirbayev, and Ermek Baubekov. "DETERMINATION OF CRACK RESISTANCE PARAMETERS OF CONCRETE UNDER STATIC LOADING." Вестник КазАТК 130, no. 1 (2024): 38–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.52167/1609-1817-2024-130-1-38-47.
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Building structures made of concrete are widely used in the construction of buildings, structures, transport facilities. Strength is the main characteristic of concrete as a structural material. The article describes in detail the process of manufacturing concrete samples based on various binders. The experimental determination of the cubic strength of concrete and the ultimate strength of concrete during bending is considered. To determine the ultimate strength of concrete during bending, an upgraded laboratory testing facility with a maximum load of up to 10 kN was used. It has been experimentally determined that the samples made from cement of the PC-D20-B brand have a greater value of the compressive strength of concrete after 28 days compared with samples from cement of the PC-D20-B brand + gypsum of the G-5 brand and only gypsum of the G-5 brand. The manufactured samples-beams made of cement of the PC-D20-B brand have a greater value of the tensile strength of concrete during bending over a period of time from 1 day to 28 days compared to samples made of cement of the PC-D20-B brand + gypsum of the G-5 brand and only gypsum of the G-5 brand. Thus, the results of tests of control samples made on the basis of a binder (cement and gypsum) for compression and stretching during bending fully give an idea of the methodology for determining the physical and mechanical characteristics of building materials.
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Nikolaeva, Larisa, Eleonora Zainullina, and Gulshat Safina. "CLOSED-CYCLE TECHNOLOGY FOR OBTAINING CONSTRUCTION GYPSUM FROM WASTE ENERGY AND FLUE GASES OF THERMAL POWER PLANTS." Problems of risk management in the technosphere 2024, no. 1 (2024): 125–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.61260/1998-8990-2024-1-125-133.
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A closed-cycle technology for building gypsum producing using energy waste and flue gases of thermal power plants has been developed. The technology is based on an absorption method for purifying gas emissions from industrial enterprises from sulfur dioxide SO2 using a suspension of carbonate sludge and obtaining a finished product – gypsum dihydrate. The commercial gypsum is obtained by using a suspension of carbonate sludge as a reagent. The suspension is formed at the stage of preliminary purification of natural water during coagulation and liming. Coagulation is carried out with ferrous sulfate heptate FeSO4×7H2O, liming – with a saturated solution of lime milk Ca(OH)2. As a result of combining the two processes, a suspension of a certain chemical composition is formed. The chemical composition of the sludge and its technological characteristics are presented. The main substance in the chemical composition is calcium carbonate CaCO3, which allows using a sludge suspension in the chemical reaction of the interaction of flue gases from thermal power plants with the formation of building gypsum. An absorber with a fluidized nozzle has been selected and designed to purify gas emissions from wet suspensions and produce commercial dihydrate gypsum. Hollow or solid hydrophobic polyethylene balls were selected as nozzles to reduce the adhesion of sludge suspension particles to their surface. A technological scheme is presented for purifying flue gases from sulfur dioxide to obtain the finished product – building gypsum. The scheme includes the proposed adsorber, sludge suspension tank, hydrocyclone and filter press. The cost of the resulting commercial building gypsum was calculated, which amounted to 15 rub./year, the payback period was 3,5 years. The prevented environmental harm from soil and land degradation from the introduction of this technology at thermal power plants was calculated by reducing the emission of sulfur dioxide into the air, which amounted to about 1 mil. rub./year.
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Sithole, Thandiwe, Tebogo Mashifana, Dumisane Mahlangu, and Leonel Tchadjie. "Physical, Chemical and Geotechnical Characterization of Wet Flue Gas Desulfurization Gypsum and Its Potential Application as Building Materials." Buildings 11, no. 11 (2021): 500. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings11110500.
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In South Africa, coal represents the primary source of energy used for electricity generation. Coal power plants use the wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD) process to remove sulfur dioxide (SO2) from their flue gas. However, this technology produces a large amount of synthetic gypsum, resulting in waste disposal and environmental pollution. This study investigated the physical, chemical and geotechnical properties of WFGD gypsum and its potential application to develop cement-free bricks. WFGD gypsum was collected from a coal power plant in South Africa. It was found that the principal oxides of WFGD gypsum were sulfur trioxide (SO3) and calcium oxide (CaO), which represented more than 90% of the total weight. Calcium sulfate (CaSO4) and calcium di aluminate (CA2) were the predominant minerals in the raw material. The density of the WFGD gypsum was 2.43 g/cm3. The maximum dry density and optimum moisture content values were 1425 kg/m3 and 18.5%, respectively. WFGD gypsum had a liquid limit of 51% but did not display any plasticity characteristics. The optimum curing temperature of gypsum bricks was 40 °C. WFGD gypsum-based bricks exhibited compressive strength of up to 2.3 MPa and a density of about 28% less than that of typical clay bricks. Additionally, there was no significant decrease in compressive strength after seven wet/dry cycles. These results show that WFGD gypsum could be used to produce lightweight building materials with low strength requirements.
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Zhang, Bo, Yuanyuan Tian, Xiaoyan Jin, Tommy Lo, and Hongzhi Cui. "Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Expanded Graphite/Paraffin Gypsum-Based Composite Material Reinforced by Carbon Fiber." Materials 11, no. 11 (2018): 2205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11112205.
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Phase change material (PCM) is a kind of thermal energy storage material. Solid-liquid PCM composite materials must overcome the issues of material leakage and low thermal conductivity before they are suitable for widespread use in the fields of building and industry. In this study, porous expanded graphite (EG) is used as a carrier, which absorbs the PCM to fabricate EG/paraffin composites (EG/P) containing 90.6% paraffin, and a latent heat of up to 105.3 J/g was measured. Because gypsum board is widely used in buildings, therefore, EG/P composites are suitable to be integrated into gypsum to develop expanded graphite/paraffin gypsum-based composite material (EGPG) for thermal energy storage. In order to optimize the performance of EGPG, carbon fiber (CF) is used to reinforce their thermal and mechanical properties. The test results show that when 1 wt % CF is incorporated into the EGPG, the thermal conductivity increased 36.0%, and thus EGPG shows superior thermal control through the significantly increased efficiency of heat transfer. After 1 wt % CF was added, the flexural and compressive strength of EGPG were increased by 65.6% and 6.4%, respectively. The improved thermal and mechanical performance of EGPG modified by CF demonstrates that it is a structural-functional integrated building material suitable for building envelope system.
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Doleželová, Magdaléna, Jitka Krejsová, and Alena Vimmrová. "Adhesive Strength of Gypsum Composites with Lightweight Fillers." U.Porto Journal of Engineering 7, no. 2 (2021): 52–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.24840/2183-6493_007.002_0007.
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Gypsum composites with several types of lightweight fillers were studied. Gypsum starts to be more important material nowadays, because it is one of the most environmentally friendly building binders. Therefore, there are new ways of the larger utilization of gypsum based materials to be sought. Even though the use of fillers in the gypsum is generally not necessary, because gypsum (opposite to cement or lime) does not shrink, fillers can be used for economic reasons or to improve some other properties of the gypsum material, e.g. thermal or fire resistance. We studied the adhesive strength of gypsum composites, containing three types of lightweight fillers (perlite, expanded clay aggregate and recycled PUR) and compared them with the properties of gypsum mortar with siliceous sand. It was found, that the type of the filler has principal impact on the adhesive strength of the gypsum composite.
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XIE, Minguang. "Analysis of the application of new green building materials in civil engineering construction." Mari Papel y Corrugado 2025 (May 17, 2025): 77–88. https://doi.org/10.71442/mari2025-0009.
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With the widespread promotion of sustainable construction and low-carbon environmental concepts in civil engineering, the development and application of novel green building materials have become a key focus in modern engineering technologies. This study investigates composite additive-modified construction gypsum as a representative example. Utilizing an orthogonal experimental design ( L 9 orthogonal table with 4 factors and 3 levels) and comprehensive performance analysis, the effects of various mix ratios on setting time, compressive strength, flexural strength, bond strength, and water resistance of the gypsum were systematically explored. The study aims to assess the applicability and advantages of this new green material in civil engineering construction. Experimental results demonstrate that under the optimal combination of water–binder ratio, silica fume and white cement content, and polymer dosage (corresponding to sample A 3 B 2 C 2 D 2 ), compared to the reference gypsum. Furthermore, this optimal formulation exhibited a softening coefficient of 0.978 in water resistance tests, marking a 9.8\% improvement over the baseline, thus confirming the significant role of composite additives in enhancing the density and durability of gypsum structures. In addition, hydration heat measurements, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were employed to analyze the hydration behavior, crystal morphology, and microstructure of the modified gypsum. The results revealed that the composite additives promoted the formation of amorphous gels and effectively suppressed the excessive growth of dihydrate gypsum crystals, thereby improving pore structure, reducing porosity, and significantly enhancing the overall compactness of the hardened material.
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Alaa Ahmad Zohir Kattan, Nada Altonji, Fatima Alsaleh, Alaa Ahmad Zohir Kattan, Nada Altonji, Fatima Alsaleh. "The effect of adding natural wastes on some properties of gypsum: تأثير إضافة المخلفات الطبيعية على بعض خواص الجبس". Journal of engineering sciences and information technology 5, № 5 (2021): 77–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.26389/ajsrp.l170621.
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In this research, the effect of adding some natural wastes to gypsum was studied in order to use them as thermal insulation materials in buildings and to recycle these wastes. Thermal insulation panels were installed from gypsum (as a basic material) and natural wastes (sawdust, peanut shells, wheat straw, cottonwood) at percentages (10, 15, 20) %, and some of their mechanical and physical properties, and their thermal conductivity were studied. The results indicated an improvement in some properties of gypsum after adding wastes, and obtaining thermal building materials that have better properties than the reference sample (gypsum) in some cases. Rough sawdust samples (SdR15, SdR20) achieved the highest compressive strength exceeding (4MPa). The flexural strength was for peanut shells samples (P10:1.76 MPa, P15:1.8 MPa), while the most efficient samples as thermal insulation were ground straw and smooth sawdust samples (SdS15, SdS20, GSt15, GSt20) where their thermal conductivity was (0.194-0.141W/m.K), which makes it acceptable according to the Syrian thermal insulation code.
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Mehtab, Tauheed, Ritu Agrawal, and Mohammad Arif Kamal. "Technological Appraisal of Prefabricated Glass Fibre Reinforced Gypsum (GFRG) Panels in Building Construction System." Architecture Engineering and Science 4, no. 3 (2023): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.32629/aes.v4i3.1250.
Full textAbstract:
Housing is a fundamental human necessity and an integral part of the built environment. Traditional building materials utilised in the housing sector, like steel, cement and burnt clay bricks, are becoming more and more necessary every year. The decrease of the use of these energy-intensive construction materials and the speedy supply of housing units at reasonable rates are the two key challenges facing the mass housing business today. Glass Fibre Reinforced Gypsum (GFRG), a new building material, is used mostly in houses. Building panels called Rapidwall are another name for it. Gypsum plaster that has been changed and strengthened with chopped glass fibres is used to create glass fibre reinforced gypsum panels, or GFRGs. This panel can be used to build walls, floors, and roof slabs because it has voids that can be filled with concrete and reinforced with steel bars for further strength and ductility. It is a cost-effective and environmentally beneficial alternative to common materials like cement blocks, concrete, and bricks. Prefabricated Glass Fibre Reinforced Gypsum (GFRG) Panels are a cost-effective and resource-efficient way to build low-rise homes in poor nations. The case of Prefabricated Glass Fibre Reinforced Gypsum (GFRG) Panels is examined in this research, along with their engineering viability and qualities as a building material. The study finds that GFRG panels are a practical substitute for traditional bricks that have more intangible advantages.