Journal articles: 'Building in Wood'

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Susanto, Dalhar, and Widyarko Widyarko. "Sustainable Material : Used Wood As Building Material." INSIST 2, no. 1 (April 1, 2017): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/ins.v2i1.26.

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Abstract–Wood consumption as building material and component in Indonesia is still considerably high. This affects forest destruction, in a way that most of the wood production still roots from wood forests. Hence, the demand of these woods better be supplied from other source, one of them is through using used woods. Used wood utilization in building construction is an application of reuse and recycle strategy in sustainable material concept. Due to the assumption among the people that used woods have low performance its utilization is nowadays limited. This paper addresses the result of research and laboratory test on a range of used wood samples collected from Jakarta great area (Jabodetabek), consist of 5 technical parameters: water content, density, compressive strength, flexure strength, and tension strength. The research proves that based on certain parameters, used woods perfom technical capacity as good as – or even better than – newly produced woods.Keyword – sustainable, material, used wood

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Misztal, Barbara, and Anna Mielińska. "SELECTION CRITERIA OF THERMO-INSULATING MATERIALS TO INSULATE WOODEN BUILDING FACILITIES." Space&FORM 2020, no. 46 (June 24, 2021): 87–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.21005/pif.2021.46.b-05.

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The article presents the structure of wood as a fibrous composite made up of cells susceptible to moisture absorption. Attention was paid to the impact of insulation materials on the durability of wood. The flow of moisture in materials such as wood and glass wool representing a group of porous and non-absorbing materials is shown. Microscopic pictures of pine and oak wood, wood fibre mats and glass wool are shown. The full construction of fibers of glass wool and other e. g. mineral wool, makes them extremely non-beneficial for warming partitions in buildings involving wood. Materials with a stable heat conductivity in terms of natural humidity changes in construction works were recommended.

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Schuetze, Thorsten. "Wood Constructions for Sustainable Building Renovation." Advanced Materials Research 1150 (November 2018): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1150.67.

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This paper discusses the potentials of different wood constructions for the renovation and extension of existing buildings for sustainable urban renewal. The renovation and extension of existing buildings with wood constructions can contribute significantly to sustainable urban redevelopment. The renovation of building envelopes, such as façades and roofs, with highly insulated wooden components, can reduce the transmission heat losses and related heating energy demand of existing buildings significantly. The extension of existing buildings contributes to the redensification of urban areas and can create synergies with the improvement of existing buildings’ performances. The manifold advantages of specific wooden constructions can be related to different aspects, such as construction type and material properties, building execution, design, logistic and sustainability. The results of this research discuss the architectural design and planning relevant properties of specific timber construction types, such as wood frame, cross-laminated timber (CLT), massive timber, and hybrid timber-concrete, considering the properties of different soft (such as spruce) and hard (such as beech) construction timber species. Timber constructions are compared with conventional massive constructions out of concrete and steel. The results confirm the significant advantages of timber constructions regarding all aspects.

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Ni, Chun, Shiling Pei, John W. van de Lindt, Steven Kuan, and Marjan Popovski. "Nonlinear Time-History Analysis of a Six-Story Wood Platform Frame Buildings in Vancouver, British Columbia." Earthquake Spectra 28, no. 2 (May 2012): 621–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.4000015.

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In 2009, the British Columbia Building Code was amended to increase the allowable height of wood-frame residential buildings to six stories from four stories. This paper presents the details of a numerical study undertaken to understand the seismic performance of six-story wood-frame buildings designed in accordance with the 2006 British Columbia Building Code. To investigate the seismic behavior, a four-story building was used to represent the benchmark seismic performance prior to the amendment. Two independent analyses using computer programs DRAIN-3DX and SAPWood were carried out on representative buildings located in the city of Vancouver, BC, using a suite of 20 earthquake records scaled to the design seismic hazard level for the site. The analyses showed that six-story wood-frame buildings had similar performance to four-story wood-frame buildings.

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Jaouaf, Salaheddine, Bourassia Bensaad, and Abdelhakim Dorbane. "Energy efficiency of a house in Mediterranean region: insulation and glazing impact." Journal of Engineering and Exact Sciences 10, no. 1 (January 5, 2024): 17038. http://dx.doi.org/10.18540/jcecvl10iss1pp17038.

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The insulation of a building's envelope is critical for reducing energy consumption, enhancing indoor thermal comfort, and achieving sustainable development goals. This theoretical work focused on the energy and thermal aspect of insulators and glazing to determine the optimal thermal insulation and the best glazing for the building envelope in the Mediterranean region where the province of Ain Temouchent, Algeria, was taken in this study. This study evaluated the effectiveness of insulation materials, which are expanded polystyrene, glass wool, rock wool, and wood fiber of varying thicknesses, and glazing in the Algerian market. The TRNSYS 17 software is used to simulate the building's behavior. The study finds that wood fiber insulation with a 9 cm thickness provides the best thermal performance, resulting in a 26% reduction in energy costs compared to 3cm of expanded polystyrene. Furthermore, upgrading from single to double glazing can reduce heating and cooling costs by 23% and 10%, respectively, demonstrating the importance of proper insulation and glazing in achieving energy efficiency, and enhancing indoor thermal comfort for occupants. In conclusion, this study provides valuable findings for designing energy-efficient buildings with optimal thermal insulation and glazing. Future research should explore broader factors affecting building performance, such as the long-term performance and durability of materials in varying climates and building designs, as well as the impact of occupancy and building orientation. Although the study acknowledges its limited examination of factors and options, it still provides valuable insights into building performance with insulation and glazing.

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Yeon, Jun Oh, and Kyoung Woo Kim. "Analysis of Absorption Coefficient for Eco-Friendly Acoustical Absorbers." Advanced Materials Research 831 (December 2013): 58–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.831.58.

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Primarily used for domestic buildings as a sound absorber are glass wool, rock wool, etc. These absorbers as well as waste absorber created by recycling wastes, PP+PET fiber absorber made from polypropylene and polyester, wood wool board bonded with finely sliced roots of trees and foamed aluminum absorber are recyclable eco-friendly absorbers that are constantly being developed. In this study, we compared the sound absorption performance of currently used absorbers and eco-friendly building absorbers. As a result, the NRC (Noise Reduction Coefficient) was found to be 0.85 for glass wool, 0.95 for rock wool, and 0.70 for polyester, 0.65 for waste absorber, 0.75 for PET+ PP fiber absorber, 0.40 for wood wool board, and 0.75 for foamed aluminum absorber. Based on the results of these absorption coefficients, we expect the usability of the absorbers continues to increase as future eco-friendly building absorbers.

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Rilatupa, J. "Prospects of sustainable wood building architecture." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 878, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 012017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/878/1/012017.

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Abstract The responsibility of an architect as a subject or actor in realizing a work; must consider the conditions and situations of the physical and social environment, taking into account aspects in saving, maintaining and using resources efficiently. To realize the building design requires the selection of material resources that are environmentally responsible, because this will give identity to the architectural work. The role of architects in building architecture is always influenced by the surrounding environment in its era. The history of the wooden building architecture development is inseparable from its surrounding environment condition. Reduced natural resources such as sand, gravel and materials for making cement or iron sand and mining prohibitions that damage the environment will encourage the use of wood as a sustainable material. At first the history of the wooden buildings existence only depends on aspects of a building function alone. Now with technological development innovation, the sustainability of wooden building architecture has three elements, namely: function, strength and aesthetics. In the modern definition, architecture must include functional, aesthetic, and psychological considerations. Meanwhile, the development of various innovative products, for example engineered wood is an effort so that the life span of wood-based products will be utilized longer.

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Knowles, Chris, Christine Theodoropoulos, Corey Griffin, and Jennifer Allen. "Oregon design professionals views on structural building products in green buildings: implications for wood." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 41, no. 2 (February 2011): 390–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x10-209.

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Buildings have been shown to have impacts on the environment. Consequently, green building rating systems have become a tool to help reduce these impacts. The objectives of this study were to identify gaps in information and access to green building materials as viewed by Oregon design professionals. The scope was limited to the major structural materials: concrete, steel, and wood. This article focuses on the results unique to wood products. Information was collected through group interviews. Each group was composed of professionals representing different aspects of material selection and construction of different scales. The results showed that structural material selection is driven by building code, cost, and building performance requirements. The environmental performance of the material was not considered. However, once the material was selected, designers tried to maximize environmental performance. The results showed that green building rating systems do not influence structural material selection, and interviewees noted that there is room for improvement in this area. Respondents had a positive view of wood and a strong desire to use more wood, particularly Forest Stewardship Council certified wood. Wood was viewed as the most sustainable structural material available. However, there were some concerns about wood products, with formaldehyde emissions being the most significant.

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Krause, Karina, and Annette Hafner. "Resource Efficiency in the Construction Sector: Material Intensities of Residential Buildings—A German Case Study." Energies 15, no. 16 (August 11, 2022): 5825. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15165825.

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This article describes an approach for comparing material intensity values for residential buildings with different construction types. Based on the working drawings of the different construction types (wood and mineral), material intensities are calculated at the building level. Material intensities describe the materials used in a building in mass (tonnes (t)) in relation to the square meters (m2) of gross floor area (GFA) or the cubic meters (m3) of gross volume (GV). The method for determining material intensities at the building level is demonstrated. The results show that material intensities range from 0.61 t/m2 GFA to 1.95 t/m2 GFA for single-family residential buildings and from 1.36 t/m2 GFA to 1.54 t/m2 GFA for multi-storey residential buildings. The average material intensity for mineral buildings is twice as high as that for wood buildings, which means that there is a beneficial resource efficiency in building with wood instead of mineral materials. Therefore, benchmarks for a resource efficient building can be conducted based on these values. These values demonstrate a possibility to influence resource efficiency in buildings.

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Tarakanova, V. A., D. P. Kasymov, O. V. Galtseva, and N. V. Chicherina. "Experimental characterization of firebrand ignition of some wood building materials." Bulletin of the Karaganda University. "Physics" Series 100, no. 4 (December 30, 2020): 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.31489/2020ph4/14-21.

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Paper presents investigation on behaviour of wood construction material samples (plywood, oriented strand board, chipboard) in laboratory conditions as a result of a heat flux effect from naturally occurring flaming and glowing firebrands. The data of comparing ignition delay time of pine wood and wood-based construction materials (plywood, oriented strand board, chipboard) depending on the size and quantity of firebrands, initial temperature of samples, as well as the presence of air flow in firebrands falling zone is obtained. Ignition probability and conditions of wood construction materials as a result of the thermal effect of flaming and glowing pine firebrands are also studied. The obtained data allowed one to judge that according to chosen experimental parameters, the ignition time decreased with increasing air flow, as well as with an increase in the size and number of particles. It was experimentally confirmed that particle size plays a significant role in igniting of building structure. If the characteristic particle size is less than a certain characteristic value, which can be defined as the ratio of its volume to the surface area in contact with wood, then ignition mode with an abrupt maximum of temperature near phase boundary is not appear.

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Høibø, Olav, Eric Hansen, Erlend Nybakk, and Marius Nygaard. "Preferences for Urban Building Materials: Does Building Culture Background Matter? †." Forests 9, no. 8 (August 17, 2018): 504. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f9080504.

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A fast-growing global population, increasing urbanization, and an increasing flow of people with different building cultural backgrounds bring material use in the housing sector into focus. The aim of this study is to identify material preferences in the building environment in cities and to determine if the building cultural background impacts those preferences. The data in this study consisted of responses from two groups of dwellers in Norway, including immigrants from countries where wood is an uncommon building material and native Norwegians from a building culture where wood is common. We found that the most preferred materials were often the same as the most common materials currently used in city buildings. Only small differences were found between the two groups of dwellers that were studied. Most differences were related to concerns about material choice in general and where individuals wanted to live. Respondents who preferred city living preferred commonly used city materials, such as concrete and steel. For cladding materials, stone/bricks were the most preferred. However, stained or painted wood was one of the most preferred, even though it is not commonly used in city buildings.

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Schauerte, Tobias. "Forum Wood Building Nordic 2021." Wood Material Science & Engineering 17, no. 1 (January 2, 2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17480272.2021.1980820.

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Dukarska, Dorota, and Radosław Mirski. "Wood-Based Materials in Building." Materials 16, no. 8 (April 9, 2023): 2987. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16082987.

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Yu, De Long, Bai Tao Sun, and Pei Lei Yan. "The Research of Seismic Behavior of the Brick-Wood Building in the Northeast." Applied Mechanics and Materials 638-640 (September 2014): 1896–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.638-640.1896.

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In Northeast China, brick-wood building is widely distributed, but due to the absence of the seismic code, there are many differences between structure and construction technology in different regions .That makes the seismic capacity is uneven. Therefore, we chose the typical brick-wood building in the Northeast as the object of study. Based on seismic data in QianGuo earthquake, using numerical simulation technique to analyze the earthquake damage and failure mechanism of brick-wood building, explores the causes of seismic damage. On this basis, we proposed the new seismic reinforcement technology measures, by comparison has gone through a transformation of a typical brick-wood building aseismic capacity significantly better than the prototype. Meanwhile, this research helps to understand the seismic performance of brick-wood buildings in the Northeast, and to develop appropriate policies on disaster for the region is of great significance.

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Tang, Xi Ya, Qiong Liu, and Chen Zhong. "An Lectotype Analysis of the Architectural Structure of the Hmong in Hunan." Advanced Materials Research 860-863 (December 2013): 1183–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.860-863.1183.

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The residential buildings of the Hmong in Hunan fall into the typical pole-railing constructions in southern areas with the maintenance components detached from bearing components, which is very suitable in mountainous regions and rainy weather. The architectures are usually called the stilted buildings and the black-tile roofed houses. The manifestation of the Hmong architecture are not all similar because of the different topography, climate, political culture and the economy and traffic condition; There are slope foot ,flat foot and ground foot according to the building structure; And according to the building materials, there are pure wood structure, stone wood structure, brick wood structure and earth wood structure.

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Korček, Pavol. "Timber as Renewable Building Material and its Use in Modern Architecture." Advanced Materials Research 899 (February 2014): 457–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.899.457.

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Wood is one of the completely renewable natural materials. Thanks to its unique properties, many experts consider wood to be a building material of the 21st century. Characteristics of its qualities. The most commonly used wood based structural systems. Examples of realized wooden buildings.

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Chernykh, Aleksandr, Tatiana Belash, Viktor Tsyganovkin, and Anton Kovalevskiy. "ON THE POSSIBILITY OF USING TIMBER STRUCTURES IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS IN SEISMIC AREAS." Architecture and Engineering 8, no. 1 (March 31, 2023): 60–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.23968/2500-0055-2023-8-1-60-70.

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Introduction: Part of the territory of Russia is located in a seismically dangerous area. In recent years, glued laminated wood has been gaining popularity in private housing construction as well as other construction sectors. However, Russian standards lack design and structural requirements for buildings and structures made of glued laminated wood. Methods: The paper reviews the foreign experience in construction with the use of glued laminated wood and presents seismic design for a multi-story building made of wood and materials based on it. Results: We considered the seismic design of a multi-story timber building and reviewed foreign experience in the construction of buildings made of glued laminated wood. Besides, we analyzed how the choice of the material for individual load-bearing structures affects seismic resistance.

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Guigou Carter, Catherine, Nicolas Balanant, and Jean-Luc Kouyoumji. "Apparent wood elements and acoustic performance - Feedback from Adivbois CLT building mockup." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 265, no. 4 (February 1, 2023): 3513–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in_2022_0498.

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The acoustic performance of a CLT based building mockup was investigated within the scope of AdivBois acoustic technical commission with the objective of defining wood building constructions fulfilling requirements. The CLT based building is a three floor construction, with four rooms on each level. Acoustic measurements from junction characterization to air-borne and impact sound insulations have been performed. Apparent wood is supposed to have positive effect on health and well-being on building occupants. This paper concentrates of the effect of apparent wood on the acoustic performance : the apparent wood can be either the underside of the CLT floor (i.e., no suspended ceiling) or posts and beams possibly continuous between different rooms. The measured results are discussed with respect to prediction. A simple approach to take into account the through beams or posts is proposed. Recommendations concerning apparent wood elements in buildings are imparted.

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Symans, Michael D., William F. Cofer, Ying Du, and Kenneth J. Fridley. "Seismic Behavior of Wood-framed Structures with Viscous Fluid Dampers." Earthquake Spectra 20, no. 2 (May 2004): 451–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1731616.

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The suitability of viscous fluid dampers for seismic protection of light-framed wood buildings is investigated in this paper. Nonlinear finite-element models of wood building components (shear wall) and systems (three-dimensional buildings) are developed and numerical analyses are performed to evaluate their response to seismic loading. For both the single wall and the building system, seismic protection is provided by installing viscous fluid dampers within the wall cavities. The results of the numerical analyses demonstrate the ability of fluid dampers to dissipate a significant portion of seismic input energy, reducing the inelastic strain energy demand on the wood framing system. In addition, the study revealed some important practical issues associated with implementation of fluid dampers within light wood-framed buildings.

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Havířová, Zdeňka, and Pavel Kubů. "Equilibrium moisture content of wood at different temperature/moisture conditions in the cladding of wooden constructions and in the relation to their reliability and service life." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 58, no. 2 (2010): 119–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201058020119.

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One of the natural properties of wood and wood-based materials is their soaking capacity (hygroscopicity). The moisture content of wood and building constructions of wood and wood based materials significantly influences the service life and reliability of these constructions and buildings. The equilibrium weight moisture content of built-in wood corresponding to temperature/moisture conditions inside the cladding has therefore a decisive influence on the basic requirements placed on building constructions. The wood in wooden frame cladding changes its moisture content depending on temperature and moisture conditions of the environment it is built into. The water vapor condensation doesn’t necessarily have to occur right in the wooden framework of the cladding for the equilibrium moisture content to rise over the level permissible for the reliable function of a given construction. In spite of the fact that the common heat-technical assessment cannot be considered fully capable of detecting the effects of these factors on the functional reliability of wood-based constructions and buildings, an extension has been proposed of the present method of design an assessment of building constructions according to the ČSN 73 0540 standard regarding the interpretation of equilibrium moisture content in relation to the temperature/moisture conditions and their time behavior inside a construction.

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Lin, Chao Shui, Chun Hung Hu, Peng Lai Chen, and Tsair Rong Chen. "The Illumination Characteristics of Glass-Based Mazu Temple Buildings Compared to Traditional Temples in Taiwan." Advanced Materials Research 805-806 (September 2013): 1616–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.805-806.1616.

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The role of religion in providing people spiritual stability and the necessity for conducting worships has increased the demands of religious buildings. Taoist religious buildings have a significant presence in Taiwan. With increasing environmental awareness and declining wood production, current constructions of Taoist buildings have shifted from using wood to employing reinforced concrete as building material. However, insufficient indoor lighting results in buildings requiring artificial lighting, which in turn leads to energy consumption. Therefore, a glass-based material Mazu temple is proposed to substitute wood and reinforced concrete material. The design consideration for building is illustrated in this paper. Furthermore, the illumination of the Mazu temple constructed will is analyzed and compared to a traditional Taoist temple building. The results show that the illumination of glass-based temple buildings is better than traditional temple buliding. Hence, it could reduce the require time of artificial lighting.

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Xu, Hongpeng, Jing Li, Jianmei Wu, and Jian Kang. "Evaluation of Wood Coverage on Building Facades Towards Sustainability." Sustainability 11, no. 5 (March 6, 2019): 1407. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11051407.

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This study explores the acceptance of different wood coverages on building facades with the aim of optimization of materials, and in turn improving overall sustainability. It firstly develops the principal physical variables and evaluation criteria; then, test models are created using an orthogonal design experiment; finally, two evaluation methods are used to comprehensively test acceptance, based on a questionnaire and an eye-tracking study. The results show that: (1) The effects of the amount of wood coverage and the wood patterns are significant, whereas the effect of material combinations is insignificant. (2) The acceptance of building facades is at the highest level when the amount of wood coverage is 65%. (3) The amounts of wood coverage for facades in the range of 35% to 50% are effective when designing the facade of wood buildings, in order to implement the dual targets of saving wood and higher acceptance.

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Time, Berit, Erlend Andenæs, Trygve Karlsen, Stig Geving, and Tore Kvande. "Moisture safety strategy for construction of CLT structures in a coastal Nordic climate." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2654, no. 1 (December 1, 2023): 012041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2654/1/012041.

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Abstract To reduce the carbon impact of new buildings, wood is seeing increased use as a structural material. Cross-laminated timber (CLT) and glue-laminated wood (glulam) elements allow the construction of multi-storey buildings. However, wood is vulnerable to moisture, especially when naked wood is exposed to weather during the construction process. This paper presents the moisture strategy employed during the construction of a four-storey CLT/glulam building in Trondheim, Norway. The building was constructed without the use of a weather-protective tent, requiring alternative protective measures. The construction of the main structure was scheduled to be as short as possible. Local protective measures were employed to protect the structure from rain and free water was removed after rain events. The project was closely supervised by the client, with particular care for moisture control. Moisture was regularly measured at 50 points throughout the building. No wooden surfaces were encapsulated until a wood moisture content below 15 weight-% was measured. The performance of the moisture strategy was evaluated using measurements of wood moisture, indoor climate, airtightness, and visual inspections. The wood moisture content quickly decreased as the building envelope was assembled, indicating that drying was well facilitated. In the first year after construction, gaps between the flooring and baseboards were observed, suggesting that the wooden elements have experienced some shrinkage. The moisture safety strategy is deemed to have been generally successful. The overall experiences were important in the development of new recommendations in the SINTEF Building Research Design Guides for CLT structures.

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Xu, Hongpeng, Jing Li, MengXuan Li, and Jianmei Wu. "A Statistics-Based Study on Wood Presentation of Modern Wood Building Facades." MATEC Web of Conferences 275 (2019): 01016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201927501016.

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Wood presentation of modern wood building facades relating to the expression of the essential characteristics of architecture, utilization efficiency of wood and acceptance of architectural image,etc. However, relevant studies are obviously insufficient. This paper makes a statistical analysis of outstanding wood structure space cases which be selected, tries to reveal the expression rule of major timber application variables of wood coverage, materials collocation, wood form and wood color under the limitation of the main influencing factors of building function, building form and building scale.The purpose of this study is to explore the wood presentation rule of modern wood building Facades under the influence of building factors.

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Basta, Altaf H., Nairn A. Fadl, and Usama I. Gabra. "Lignocellulosic Materials in Building Elements. Part II. Cement Light-Weight Building Bricks." Engineering Plastics 4, no. 8 (January 1996): 147823919600400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/147823919600400806.

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Wood processing and agricultural wastes (spruce wood, bagasse and cotton stalk) were used for the production of cemented lignocellulosic bricks. Pretreatment with 50% linseed oil, followed by hardening at 120°C was carried out to improve water repellency. Several variables were investigated during the formation of the bricks, such as the mesh size of the lignocellulosic waste, the cement to wood ratio and the use of some additives, e.g. urea formaldehyde, aluminium oxide powder, emulsion acrylic (Nitobond AR), hemihydrate gypsum and polyvinyl alcohol. The results obtained indicate that bricks prepared by adding Nitobond AR to cement-wood mixtures have higher strength than those obtained using other additives. Also, bricks produced by blending treated wood waste with cement have better properties than those produced from blends of treated agricultural wastes (bagasse and barked cotton stalk) with cement. The field of application of the product was considered. A plant for the production of cemented lignocellulosic bricks was also designed.

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Basta, Altaf H., Nairn A. Fadl, and Usama I. Gabra. "Lignocellulosic Materials in Building Elements. Part II. Cement Light-Weight Building Bricks." Polymers and Polymer Composites 4, no. 8 (November 1996): 583–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096739119600400806.

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Wood processing and agricultural wastes (spruce wood, bagasse and cotton stalk) were used for the production of cemented lignocellulosic bricks. Pretreatment with 50% linseed oil, followed by hardening at 120°C was carried out to improve water repellency. Several variables were investigated during the formation of the bricks, such as the mesh size of the lignocellulosic waste, the cement to wood ratio and the use of some additives, e.g. urea formaldehyde, aluminium oxide powder, emulsion acrylic (Nitobond AR), hemihydrate gypsum and polyvinyl alcohol. The results obtained indicate that bricks prepared by adding Nitobond AR to cement-wood mixtures have higher strength than those obtained using other additives. Also, bricks produced by blending treated wood waste with cement have better properties than those produced from blends of treated agricultural wastes (bagasse and barked cotton stalk) with cement. The field of application of the product was considered. A plant for the production of cemented lignocellulosic bricks was also designed.

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Hafner, Annette, Simon Slabik, and Michael Storck. "Urban Site Development as Temporal Carbon Storage—A Case Study in Germany." Sustainability 12, no. 14 (July 20, 2020): 5827. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12145827.

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Increasing the use of sustainably sourced wood in construction for temporal carbon storage could be one vital part in the transition towards reaching the sustainable development goals for climate action and sustainable cities and communities. This paper explains the detailed steps from the planning to the realization process and shows how building with wood could be linked to the entire process from the sales of building plots to the realization of projects. Additionally, based on EN 15978, life cycle assessment (LCA) results of the constructed buildings were conducted to calculate the realistic carbon storage and the global warming potential for all new erected buildings on the site. The case study area and living lab is a building site in Munich with 566 flats, which will be finished in 2020 and will be the largest urban timber neighborhood in Germany by then. All development activities are summarized under the concept of building an eco-city with low carbon emissions and a high standard for living for all groups of inhabitants. Eight buildings with different material selections ranging from wood-constructions to wood-concrete hybrid constructions and concrete constructions with different energy standards are environmentally assessed. Results show that about 12.5 million kg of CO2 are stored in the wooden structures over the estimated life cycle of 50 years within this neighborhood. This clearly demonstrates the potential that building with wood has for achieving climate targets. Further results show that heating energy demand and material choices have a significant influence on LCA results.

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Lestari, Ratri Yuli. "Kayu sebagai Bahan Bangunan Bertingkat Tinggi yang Ramah Lingkungan (Timber as Environmentally Friendly High-Rise-Building Materials)." Jurnal Riset Industri Hasil Hutan 8, no. 2 (December 31, 2016): 99–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.24111/jrihh.v8i2.2042.

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Wood has been widely used as building materials. The trends of using wood as construction materials in a building are keep increasing because the positive trend in construction expertise to use wood as building construction. Wood can be used as building materials such as structural construction, decking, roofing, flooring, cladding, furniture and interior. Wood is chosen because it is easy to work, flexible in design, high energy efficiency, low embodied energy, low global warming potential, fire resistance, and importantly wood is renewable and recyclable resources. Each country has their own regulations related to the application of wood as materials in high rise building. However, these regulations stimulated the expertises to demonstrate that wood is capable to be high-rise building materials and fulfil the safety building requirements. Keywords : wood, high-rise building, environmentally friendly

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Hafeez, Ghazanfarah, Ghasan Doudak, and Ghyslaine McClure. "Establishing the fundamental period of light-frame wood buildings on the basis of ambient vibration tests." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 45, no. 9 (September 2018): 752–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2017-0348.

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This research project deals with dynamic field testing of light-frame wood buildings with wood-based shear walls. The primary objective of the investigation is to evaluate the building code formula for estimating light-frame wood building’s fundamental period for seismic analysis, through intensive field testing and numerical modeling. The project also aims to propose an alternative simplified rational approach to seismic analysis of these structures. The paper presents ambient vibration testing results of light-frame wood buildings in Canada. The dynamic characteristics of the measured buildings, such as natural frequency, mode shapes, and equivalent structural damping were obtained from frequency domain analysis of ambient motion records. Using a simplified method of period estimation based on the Rayleigh approximation while using the building mass and replacing the stiffness of shear walls by their length showed reasonable fit when compared with the finite element model results and ambient vibration testing measured periods. A formula was developed based on the regression analysis of the tested buildings. The expression is a function of building height, floor area, and shear wall length and it was shown to provide a reasonably good fit with the measured results.

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Malesza, Jaroslaw, Czeslaw Miedzialowski, and Leonas Ustinovichius. "ANALYTICAL MODEL TRACING DEFORMATIONS IN MULTISTOREY LARGE TIMBER PANEL BUILDING." JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 25, no. 1 (January 22, 2019): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/jcem.2019.7738.

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This paper deals with the deformation characteristics of wood-framed residential, small commercial and hotel buildings with sheathing. Recent building structures are based on large panel or modular technology, where elements in the form of diaphragms or modules are constructed in an industrial plant and then transported to the site for assembly. The document presents diagrams of building assembly and technologies for realization. The significant influence of excessive vertical deformations in multistorey wood-framed buildings on their performance and serviceability is underlined. These deformations are caused by different factors which are identified and analytically described. The paper outlines the analytically complex model for the evaluation and control of deformations in the design, construction and exploitation of multistorey wood-framed buildings. An example of the application of the proposed analytical model at the design stage concludes the paper.

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Subekti, Niken, Bambang Priyono, and Afrin Nur Aisyah. "Biodiversity of Termites and Damage Building in Semarang, Indonesia." Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education 10, no. 1 (April 2, 2018): 176–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/biosaintifika.v10i1.12832.

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Termites cause a lot of damage and big losses for building components, especially those made of wood. High population growth and rapid infrastructure development in Semarang city affect the natural habitats of termites. This phenomenon changes the termites' behavior of foraging in buildings. Semarang city has humidity, temperature, and altitude that allows termites to live and breed well. The purpose of this study was to determine the types of termites living in housing in Semarang city as well as the level of attacks on housing. This research was conducted in nine housing in Semarang City. The research was carried out with two methods: building inspection and wood-feeding method by using Pinus mercusii wood measures 2 cm x 2 cm x 46 cm. The results found four types of termites that attack wood feeds namely Macrotermes gilvus, Microtermes inspiratus, Odontotermes javanicus, Coptotermes curvignathus and Cryptotermes sp.. Based on interviews and building inspection, it was known that the condition of the building in the category of "moderate" was occupying the most position (74.44%), good (17.78%) and lightly damaged (7.78%). From the causes of damage to building components, it can be concluded that the level of termite attack against damage to recidential buildings in Semarang city 44.58%. Cross-tabulation analysis of Chi-Square shows that there is a correlation between age and treatment with damage to the building. Futher, the finding can be used as baseline information for further scientific investigation for effective termites control on residential building components.

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Xu, Lin, and Tie Ying Li. "Material Properties Test of Wooden Architecture and its Mechanical Properties." Advanced Materials Research 788 (September 2013): 651–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.788.651.

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Ancient Chinese architecture is the most representative in Chinese ancient civilization. Now preserved ancient ruins are extremely valuable in historical and cultural value, artistic value and scientific value, so the research on the characteristics of ancient building structures in China and its seismic performance have important realistic significance. On the basis of the existing Chinese ancient wooden buildings, the paper discusses the structure performance of Chinese Ancient Timbering Buildings. According to the existing theoretical knowledge, the paper elaborates the reasons for using the wood of Chinese ancient architecture and analyses the basic characteristics of the ancient wood as building materials. We take the experiment of wooden mechanical property test to study the characteristics of material better, and emphasis narrates the whole process of wood bending strength test, then get the results of wood mechanical characteristics.

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Stepinac, Mislav, Iztok Šušteršič, Igor Gavrić, and Vlatka Rajčić. "Seismic Design of Timber Buildings: Highlighted Challenges and Future Trends." Applied Sciences 10, no. 4 (February 19, 2020): 1380. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10041380.

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Use of timber as a construction material has entered a period of renaissance since the development of high-performance engineered wood products, enabling larger and taller buildings to be built. In addition, due to substantial contribution of the building sector to global energy use, greenhouse gas emissions and waste production, sustainable solutions are needed, for which timber has shown a great potential as a sustainable, resilient and renewable building alternative, not only for single family homes but also for mid-rise and high-rise buildings. Both recent technological developments in timber engineering and exponentially increased use of engineered wood products and wood composites reflect in deficiency of current timber codes and standards. This paper presents an overview of some of the current challenges and emerging trends in the field of seismic design of timber buildings. Currently existing building codes and the development of new generation of European building codes are presented. Ongoing studies on a variety topics within seismic timber engineering are presented, including tall timber and hybrid buildings, composites with timber and seismic retrofitting with timber. Crucial challenges, key research needs and opportunities are addressed and critically discussed.

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34

Yang, Xinxin. "Review of Studies on Performance of Dowel Connections Loaded Perpendicular to Grain." Academic Journal of Science and Technology 11, no. 1 (May 21, 2024): 77–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/h8w21p15.

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Wood as a sustainable building material demonstrates significant advantages in terms of environmental protection, economy and functionality. Studies showed that adding 1.0m3 of wood could absorb 1.0kg of carbon dioxide, produce 730kg of oxygen, and fix 270kg of carbon, which plays an important role in ecological environment protection. In addition, in addition, wood has good thermal insulation performance, can adjust indoor humidity, beneficial to human health.China's wooden structure architecture has a long history. As an important technology in China's traditional architecture, mortise and tenon connection technology constitutes an important part of Chinese traditional architectural heritage through the insertion of wood components. As a prefabricated building form, modern wood structure has a history of more than 100 years in developed countries. The main forms include heavy wood structure, light wood structure, square wood wood structure and wood mixed structure. In recent years, wood structure architecture has attracted wide attention in scientific research and application in China. Whether for new construction or large-scale reconstruction projects, wood structure buildings are widely adopted because of their design flexibility, high strength and aesthetics, as shown in Figure 1.1. Modern wood structure buildings show the advantages of energy conservation and environmental protection, good earthquake resistance, convenient construction and safety and comfort, and its development is fully in line with the national sustainable development strategy.

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Pinchevska, O. O., and D. L. Zavialov. "Properties of new thermal insulation material from low-quality pine wood." Ukrainian Journal of Forest and Wood Science 11, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 91–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.31548/forest2020.02.091.

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Recently growing number of low quality wood in Ukraine, damaged by fungal sap color, stem rot leads to finding ways to use it. Today this wood is used mainly for the manufacture of wood-fuels facility in industrial and municipal energy. A possible way to use it is making insulation material from wood wool. The existing prototype of such material - fibrolite contains woody wool of healthy wood but during burning emits toxic chemicals. The construction of wooden wall panels, which include a frame of lumber and thermal insulation material of wood wool, made of low quality pine wood and binder. The binder used were inorganic (liquid glass) and organic-mineral (PVA) dispersion with the addition of flame retardant. Investigation of fire resistance, acoustic and thermal insulation of material from low quality pine wood have proved that it meets the regulatory requirements and can be used in building structures. To develop technological requirements for the manufacture of wall panels using low-quality pine wood, it is necessary to determine their density, sorption capacity and bio-stability. For this purpose, samples of thermal insulation material with different content of mass parts of wood wool and binder were made. The density of specimens of insulating material (145‒250 kg/m3), which is close to the popular hard thermal insulation materials, has been determined. Experimental studies of moisture absorption, sorption capacity and swelling values indicated that the effect of moisture on the properties of insulating material and its shape resistance are within the permissible values of regulatory documents for construction products. Wood treated with binders found to be used for the manufacture of insulation material has been found to have high biological resistance, which is more than 5-6 times the bio-resistance of untreated wood.

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Bekhta, Pavlo, and Tomasz Krystofiak. "Performance and Modification of Wood and Wood-Based Materials." Forests 14, no. 5 (May 7, 2023): 963. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14050963.

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Brischke, Christian. "Modeling the Performance of Wood and Wood Products." Forests 12, no. 7 (July 20, 2021): 959. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12070959.

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Malesza, Jaroslaw, and Czeslaw Miedziałowski. "Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Wood-Framed Buildings." Applied Mechanics and Materials 878 (February 2018): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.878.13.

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Paper presents current technologies and building structure used in wood-framed multistory buildings and also refers to calculation methods of strains and stresses. Structure of these buildings is recently based on modular technology. Elements in the form of module are constructed in the industrial plant and then delivered to the site for assembling. The wood-framed building structure undergoes significant deformations relevant to changes of moisture content in material and resulted from load acting perpendicular to the grain direction in wood. In four story building the vertical displacement of the top floor has been estimated to over 80 mm. FEM model with application of the shell elements in description of posts, beams and sheathing and applying the beam finite elements in description of linking fasteners is used in stress evaluation in structure. The model permits for precise analysis of stresses in overloaded parts of structure distinguishing to the other simplified analytical models of analyses. Analytical model leads to determination of stresses under typical exploitation standard loadings and in result of non-typical loadings arising at the time of module handling within assembling.

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Sarmin, Siti Noorbaini. "Lightweight Building Materials of Geopolymer Reinforced Wood Particles Aggregate – A Review." Applied Mechanics and Materials 802 (October 2015): 220–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.802.220.

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Lightweight constructions materials provide better thermal insulations properties for buildings. Using lightweight’s aggregates, such like wood particles is one of the most common ways for making lightweight building materials. The low cost and availability of wood particles made it the best ultimate materials preference in production of composites construction materials. Geopolymer, the alkali-activation cement-based materials have been proven can be used to produce lightweight materials. In additional, geopolymer possess excellent mechanical properties and significant reduction in CO2 emissions compare to ordinary Portland cement. The use of environmentally friendly building construction materials has become increasingly important. This paper presents a review on producing lightweight building materials from geopolymer with wood particles as an aggregate.

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40

Kosiński, Piotr, Robert Wójcik, Dariusz Skoratko, and Shady Attia. "An impact of moisture content on the air permeability of the fibrous insulation materials." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2069, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2069/1/012205.

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Abstract Fibrous materials are characterized by good thermal properties, but are susceptible to air filtration. Effective air and wind protection of the building envelope eliminate the problem of air penetration of fibrous materials, but there are still many buildings where this protection has not been applied. Authors investigated the effect of moisture content on the air permeability of chosen loose fibrous materials: mineral wool, wood wool and cellulose fibers. The presented results may be used to simulate and calculate heat loses in existing buildings.

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41

Elangovan, G., and V. M. Rajanandhini. "EXPERIMENTAL STUDY AND SEM ANALYSIS ON MORTAR CUBE WITH WOOD ASH FOR PARTIAL REPLACEENT OF CEMENT." International Journal of Engineering Technologies and Management Research 5, no. 3 (February 15, 2020): 263–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/ijetmr.v5.i3.2018.200.

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In the present view, several buildings are constructed ranging from ordinary residential building to sky - scrap structures. Invariably in all the structures, mortar plays a vital role in construction. Generally mortar is mixture of cement, fine aggregate, water and different type of admixtures used depends upon the situation. The cost of cement is increasing progressively day to day. In consequently cost of the building is also being increased. Wood ash does not make any pollution and eco – friendly for green building construction. This material is easily get more from burning of wood in home and industries, there by the cost of material too be reduced. Therefore, it has planned to conduct experiment on mortar in which the cement is partially replaced by wood ash. SEM Analysis is also carried out in mortar mix for observing bond between cement and wood ash.

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42

Ayoub, Ashraf. "Seismic analysis of wood building structures." Engineering Structures 29, no. 2 (February 2007): 213–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2006.04.011.

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43

Norita, Norita, Zairin Zain, and Yudi Purnomo. "METODE IDENTIFIKASI KERUSAKAN ELEMEN FISIK BANGUNAN HERITAGE DENGAN BUILDING INFORMATION MODELING (BIM) STUDI KASUS ISTANA ALWATZIKHOEBILLAH SAMBAS." JMARS: Jurnal Mosaik Arsitektur 10, no. 2 (August 18, 2022): 482. http://dx.doi.org/10.26418/jmars.v10i2.57152.

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Heritage buildings as architectural heritage assets that describe the identity of a region and the architecture of the past are important to be conserved and maintained. One of the cultural heritage buildings in Indonesia is Alwatzikhoebillah Sambas Palace. This building was built with wood construction. The condition of wood with age will experience changes in characteristics due to its interaction with various factors, especially biological and non-biological factors. Changes in any form cannot be underestimated, so documentation of cultural heritage buildings is needed. One way of documenting cultural heritage buildings is Building Information Modeling (BIM). BIM documentation can record various building information that is inputted in it. This research aim was to mapping and assessing the damage to the physical elements of wood on one of the accompanying buildings on the north side of the Alwatzikhoebillah Palace using BIM. BIM information contains the color code, mapping code, and the extent of the damage that occurs in the 2D view. The variables of this study were limited to biological damage caused by fungi and moss, also non-biological factors due to mechanical, weather, and chemical factors. The results of this research is the wall elements are dominantly damaged caused by wood staining fungus or mechanical erosion and weather changes of 1,64% with the effect of gray stains left on the elements.

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Slávik, Čekon, and Štefaňák. "A Nondestructive Indirect Approach to Long-Term Wood Moisture Monitoring Based on Electrical Methods." Materials 12, no. 15 (July 25, 2019): 2373. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12152373.

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Wood has a long tradition of use as a building material due its properties and availability. However, it is very sensitive to moisture. Wood components of building structures basically require a certain level of moisture protection, and thus moisture monitoring to ensure the serviceability of such components during their whole lifespan while integrated within buildings is relevant to this area. The aim of this study is to investigate two moisture monitoring techniques promoting moisture safety in wood-based buildings (i.e., new structures, as well as renovated and protected buildings). The study is focused on the comparison of two electrical methods that can be employed for the nondestructive moisture monitoring of wood components integrated in the structures of buildings. The main principle of the two presented methods of the moisture measurement by electric resistance is based on a simple resistor–capacitor (RC) circuit system improved with ICM7555 chip and integrator circuit using TLC71 amplifier. The RC-circuit is easier to implement thanks to the digital signals of the used chip, whilst the newly presented integration method allows faster measurement at lower moisture contents. A comparative experimental campaign utilizing spruce wood samples is conducted in this relation. Based on the results obtained, both methods can be successfully applied to wood components in buildings for moisture contents above 8%.

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Stegner, Heather, and Nikki Fotheringham. "Research and Testing Lead to Historic Code Change." Forest Products Journal 72, no. 4 (October 1, 2022): 226–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.13073/2376-9637-72.4.226.

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Abstract Simply substituting wood for conventional building materials could provide almost a tenth of the global carbon emission reductions needed to meet 2030 goals. However, while structural light-frame wood products are the go-to building material in the United States for low-rise residential construction, capturing over 90 percent of the market, any kind of wood-frame construction at the time under examination was limited to 5 stories and 85 feet in height. These story and height limitations dated back decades and prevented the design and construction of larger and taller buildings. In 2014, the American Wood Council (AWC) began developing a plan to expand these limits, but recognized it would require the International Building Code, the predominant model code adopted in most local and state jurisdictions in the United States, to embrace a new type of construction: fire-resistance-rated tall mass timber.

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46

Havířová, Zdeňka, and Pavel Kubů. "Reliability and service life of wood structures and buildings." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 53, no. 5 (2005): 39–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun200553050039.

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Service life of constructions and buildings of wood is dependent on temperature and moisture conditions in layers of the building cladding where the wood framework is built in. Temperature/moisture conditions or the corresponding equilibrium moisture content (EMC) of the construction show considerable effects on the functional reliability of the whole building from the viewpoint of mechanical resistance and stability (ER1), energy savings and thermal protection (ER6) and hygiene, health and environment protection (ER3). To ensure the reliability of constructions and buildings for the period of their supposed service life a more profound analysis of constructions is necessary from the aspect of a global thermal/technical evaluation.

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Ilyich, Fedyukov, and Chernova Sergeyevna. "Method for express diagnostics of resonant properties of wood aged in buildings." Journal of Applied Engineering Science 18, no. 4 (2020): 510–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/jaes0-27078.

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New method and technical solutions for nondestructive express diagnostics and targeted selection of spruce wood with unique dendro-acoustic properties aged in buildings are presented. Flow charts of equipment and ways of its application to identify resonant properties of wood in different parts of a building, including the walls made of round timbers, ceiling and floor boards are given. The proposed ways of wood quality diagnostics in buildings has its advantages over conventional methods.

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Žajdlík, Tomáš, and Karel Šuhajda. "Comparison of Fire Resistance Testing Methods for Structures with Timber Elements." Advances in Science and Technology 109 (August 24, 2021): 73–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.109.73.

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Wood is a natural anisotropic material that is used in building construction because of the advantageous properties of wood. Speed of construction and the final price of the building represent the main advantages of timber houses. On the other hand, the main disadvantage of these buildings can be the low fire resistance due to the flammable properties of natural wood. There are many limitations for designing these kinds of buildings in the Czech Republic. The limitations are presented in the standards and laws of the CR. This article focuses on the comparison of the methods for testing structures using timber construction elements. The paper presents and compares experimental testing results of a timber structure’s fire resistance in a combustion chamber.

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Xiao, Meng, Jianyu Yang, and Wei Zhao. "The practical study of steel-wood composite column in light and low-carbon building." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2717, no. 1 (March 1, 2024): 012024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2717/1/012024.

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Abstract Steel improves the safety performance of buildings, but also greatly increases the carbon emissions of buildings, which is not conducive to environmental development. Based on the consideration of reducing building carbon emissions, this study proposes to replace the pure steel load-bearing column in the low-rise building with a new load-bearing column in the form of steel-wood combination, and establishes a theoretical and numerical model to explore its reasonable combination size to verify the safety of the structure in practical applications. And the carbon emission assessment and analysis of the whole life cycle. It is found that the steel and wood structure can replace the pure steel structure of the corresponding size in the low-rise building, which greatly reduces the carbon emissions of the building while achieving structural safety.

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Pynkyawati, Theresia, Ekat Lesmana, and Deden Sukendar. "Utilization of Used Wood as Material Structure and Construction of Sitinggil House Buildings." International Journal of Built Environment and Scientific Research 5, no. 2 (December 20, 2021): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.24853/ijbesr.5.2.97-108.

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Material plays an important role in the construction of a house because it becomes a constituent element for the establishment of a building. Sitinggil Dago Residence which is located on Jalan Dago Giri, Bandung, West Java is a house that has two functions. This house is interesting because overall it uses used wood as a structural and construction material by accentuating the structure of the building which is left as it is without finishing. The method used in this research is a descriptive analytical-qualitative method by observing the structure and construction of used wood on roofs, columns, and beams as well as the foundation as a base which is then compared with the theory and standardization of the use of wood in buildings. The results of this study show that used wood can still be reused for structures and construction on roofs, columns, and beams in residential buildings.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Building in Wood'

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