Relevant bibliographies by topics / Building occupants

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Building occupants'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 2 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Building occupants"

1

D'Oca, Simona, H. Burak Gunay, Sara Gilani, and William O'Brien. "Critical review and illustrative examples of office occupant modelling formalisms." Building Services Engineering Research and Technology 40, no. 6 (February 6, 2019): 732–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143624419827468.

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It is widely understood that occupants can have a significant impact on building performance. Accordingly, the field has benefited extensively from research efforts in the past decade. However, the methods and terminology involved in modelling occupants in buildings remains fragmented across a large number of studies. This fragmentation represents a major obstacle to those who intend to join in this research endeavor as well as for the convergence and standardization of methods. To address this issue, this paper investigates occupant modelling methods for the key domains of electric lighting, blinds, operable windows, thermostats, plug loads, and occupancy. In the reviewed literature, five broad categories of occupant model formalisms were identified: schedules, Bernoulli models, discrete-time Markov models, discrete-event Markov models, and survival models. Illustrative examples were provided from two independent datasets to demonstrate the strengths and weaknesses of these model forms. It was shown that Markov models are suitable to represent occupants' adaptive behaviors, while survival models are suitable to represent occupancy, non-adaptive behaviors, and infrequently executed adaptive behaviors, such as the blinds opening behavior. Practical application: The engineering application of the occupant modelling formalisms that are critically reviewed in this paper is that these models are highly beneficial for incorporating occupants' presence and behaviors into building design and control. Building design can be improved significantly regarding energy use and occupant comfort when the most suitable occupant models are implemented in simulation-aided building design process. Ultimately, like for any modelling domain, the most suitable model is dependent on the modelling objective (e.g. optimizing passive design, equipment sizing), building type and size, occupant-related domain (e.g. occupancy, window-opening behavior), and climate zones. Furthermore, there is great potential in improving occupant comfort and energy savings of existing buildings when occupants' presence and interactions with buildings' systems and components are predicted accurately using occupant models.
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Zalejska-Jonsson, Agnieszka. "Parameters contributing to occupants’ satisfaction." Facilities 32, no. 7/8 (April 28, 2014): 411–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/f-03-2013-0021.

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Purpose – The aims of this paper is to investigate the overall satisfaction of occupants of green and conventional residential buildings and their perception of indoor environment quality (IEQ) and to study factors that may cause occupants’ dissatisfaction. Design/methodology/approach – Data were collected through a survey sent to occupants of comparable green and conventional multi-family buildings. The difference in responses between occupants of green and conventional buildings was analysed using Mann–Whitney (rank sum) test. The ordered logistic models were applied to the data to test whether the overall satisfaction changes depending on the level of acceptance of indoor environment quality and whether the building environmental profile and the apartment tenure affect occupant satisfaction. Findings – The results show that both categories of occupants are very satisfied with their apartments and that there is no statistically significant difference between the stated overall satisfaction of occupants living in green and conventional buildings, although a difference was found in the acceptance level for thermal and sound quality. The research highlights the importance of occupant feedback, user-friendly technical installations and the ability to control indoor environment. This knowledge is important for designers, engineers and developers alike in enabling them to improve dwelling quality and minimize post-occupancy problems. Research limitations/implications – It was not possible to include physical measurements of IEQ parameters; the analysis is based only on occupants’ responses, which may carry a certain subjectivity. Originality/value – The paper contributes to the understanding of IEQ from occupant perspective and to knowledge on green building performance.
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Proulx, Guylène, and Joelle Pineau. "Differences in the Evacuation Behaviour of Office and Apartment Building Occupants." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 40, no. 16 (October 1996): 825–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129604001607.

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An experiment was designed to observe evacuation times and occupant movement in two office buildings during a simulated fire emergency and to compare these results with previous studies of evacuation drills in apartment buildings. The evacuation drills were recorded using videocameras located throughout the buildings. The results were analyzed with respect to occupant behaviour, occupants' time to start to evacuate, occupants' time to reach an outside exit, and the occupants' speed while travelling in the stairways. A comparison of the results from this office buildings study with previous studies involving evacuations of midrise and highrise apartment buildings reveals many interesting differences. The physical organization of the buildings, evacuation strategies, and the occupants' characteristics, behaviour and movement are discussed. The study showed that apartment building occupants delay their evacuation more than office building occupants, either by a long preparation time or because they cannot hear the alarm from their apartments. Travelling speeds are slowest in midrise apartment buildings where the population is more diverse and includes children, elderly people and occupants with limitations. The more structured evacuation plans, the presence of fire wardens and the easier access to fire safety information also contribute to the efficiency of evacuation procedures in office buildings.
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Lee, Seungtaek, Wai Oswald Chong, and Jui-Sheng Chou. "Examining the Relationships between Stationary Occupancy and Building Energy Loads in US Educational Buildings–Case Study." Sustainability 12, no. 3 (January 24, 2020): 893. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12030893.

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Building energy systems are designed to handle both permanent and temporary occupants. Permanent occupants are considered the base energy load while temporary occupants are considered a temporary or additional load. Temporary occupancy is potentially the most difficult to design as the number of temporary occupants varies more significantly than permanent occupants. This case study was designed to investigate the effect of occupancy on energy loads, i.e. the relationship between occupancy and building energy loads. This study estimated the building occupancy by using existing network infrastructure, such as Wi-Fi and wired Ethernet based on the assumption that the number of Wi-Fi connections and the wired Ethernet traffic were used as a proxy for total and stationary occupancy. The relationships were then examined using correlations and regression analyses. The results showed the following: 1. Stationary occupancy was successfully estimated using the network infrastructure; 2. There was a linear relationship between electricity use and total occupancy (and, thus, the use of network infrastructure); 3. Permanent occupants generated a higher impact on the electricity load than the temporary occupants; 4. There was a logarithmic relationship between electricity use and the Ethernet data traffic (a proxy of permanent occupants); and 5. The statistical and qualitative analyses indicated that there was no significant relationship between occupancy and thermal loads, such as cooling and heating loads.
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Azis, Shazmin Shareena Ab, Nur Amira Aina Zulkifli, and Nur Hannani Ab Rahman. "Influential factors to occupy green residential building among green building occupants." Environmental and Toxicology Management 1, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.33086/etm.v1i1.2021.

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Green building has been proven having higher occupancy rate than conventional building. The occupancy rate of ENERGY STAR and LEED-certified green office building are 8% to 18% higher than conventional office building. Previous research has proved that occupants prefer to occupy green office building due to various green benefits. However, most of these researches were conducted on green office building. Therefore, this study is motivated to identify the influential factors for occupants to occupy green residential building. The aim of this study is to evaluate factors that influence occupants to occupy green certified residential building. 75 questionnaires were distributed among occupants of green certified residential building namely Molek Pine 4 and Ponderosa Lakeside Apartment in Johor Bahru. The results were analysed using frequency analysis. Location and good environment quality are the most significant factors that influence occupants to occupy the green certified residential building in Johor Bahru. This research is noteworthy for property industry players especially property developer in guiding the direction of green residential building development in accordance with occupants’ and market preferences.
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Proulx, Guylène. "The Time Delay to Start Evacuating upon Hearing a Fire Alarm." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 38, no. 14 (October 1994): 811–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129403801403.

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An experiment was designed to observe the evacuation drills of occupants in four mid-rise apartment buildings. Each mid-rise building contained approximately 100 apartments, with 1 to 4 persons per apartment. All printed fire safety procedures stated that upon hearing the fire alarm all occupants should leave the building or move to an area of refuge, which means the movement of 100 to 200 people for each drill. The buildings chosen for this project were characterized as mixed-occupancy buildings; that is, they included adults, children, seniors and people with handicaps. Occupants received a memo that an evacuation drill would take place during the upcoming week. The evacuations were planned and carried out with the full participation of the local fire departments. The evacuation drills were recorded on video-cameras located throughout the buildings. This paper presents the results regarding the time at which each occupant started to evacuate which varies between 30 seconds to over 24 minutes. Most occupants who heard the fire alarm started their evacuation approximately 2 1/2 minutes after the alarm activation. The impact of the alarm system, the location of alarm-bells, training and pre-evacuation actions are discussed.
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Gerges, Michael, Peter Demian, and Zulfikar Adamu. "Customising Evacuation Instructions for High-Rise Residential Occupants to Expedite Fire Egress: Results from Agent-Based Simulation." Fire 4, no. 2 (April 24, 2021): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fire4020021.

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As the possibility of safe escape is one of the most crucial aspects of a building’s fire safety features, understanding of human behaviour under fire conditions is important for a successful evacuation. Although most of today’s buildings are equipped with fire safety systems, a fire can still occur at anytime and anywhere in a building and have devastating consequences. In the last decade, researchers and practitioners have used information technology to assist with fire safety design and emergency management. Building Information Modelling (BIM) is an exemplar process whose underpinning digital technology has been helpful for fire safety design, simulation, and analysis, but there is a lack of research on how BIM-based models combined with agent-based simulations can help improve evacuation via effective navigation and wayfinding in high-rise residential buildings. Customising evacuation instructions based on BIM, simulation results and occupant location, and delivery of these bespoke instructions to occupants’ smartphones during a fire emergency is relatively novel and research is needed to realise the potential of this approach. Therefore, this study investigates how customised evacuation instructions delivered to each occupant in a high-rise residential building could result in a faster evacuation during a fire incident. The research adopted a case study building and used Pathfinder (agent-based evacuation simulation software) to simulate evacuation from this eleven-floor high-rise residential building in Cairo, Egypt. Constraining evacuees (simulated agents in Pathfinder) to take particular exit routes was used as a proxy for delivering customised evacuation instructions to actual evacuees. Simulation results show that, in general, allowing the use of lifts for the benefit of disabled occupants could lead to their misuse by able-bodied occupants; evacuees would attempt to use the first visible point of exit regardless of how crowded it is. With optimally customised instructions, the evacuation time was, on average, 17.6 min (almost 50%) shorter than when the occupant’s choice of egress route was simulated based on standard path planning factors such as route length, nearby crowds and visible hazards. With evacuation instructions sent via smartphones, occupants could exit more rapidly via alternative routes. Such bespoke instructions were shown to reduce the adverse effects of crowdedness and uneven distribution of occupants along vertical and horizontal evacuation routes on evacuation time.
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Zapata-Lancaster, Gabriela. "Thermal comfort practices in non-domestic buildings within the organisational context." Facilities 38, no. 1/2 (August 29, 2019): 114–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/f-01-2019-0010.

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Purpose This paper aims to investigate the thermal comfort practices in four non-domestic buildings and explores how the organisational context affects the actions and practices of occupants and facilities managers. Design/methodology/approach The study applied qualitative methods and post-occupancy evaluation methodologies to investigate the thermal practices in four case studies. A combination of qualitative and quantitative methodologies was deployed, namely, semi-structured interviews, questionnaires, observation and monitoring studies of building performance. Findings The concept “distributed agency” was applied to analyse the thermal comfort practices in non-domestic buildings. This concept helped to illustrate everyday actions by occupants and facilities managers in relation to the organisational context. Occupants’ actions and building management practices could be affected by the organisation norms and context leading to problems and dissatisfaction with indoor thermal conditions. Research limitations/implications This study is based on a small number of case studies and it is exploratory. Extensive monitoring data were not available. However, the research identified the thermal conditions and occupants’ satisfaction levels as background where actions to achieve thermal comfort and facilities manager’s practices took place. Practical implications The study suggests the need to examine in greater depth how the organisational goals and individual goals could be linked to support specific building performance targets. Social implications The paper advocates for the application of multidisciplinary approaches to study the occupant dimension of building performance. It suggests the need to develop a nuanced understanding of how occupants pursue comfort as active agents who interact with the built environment. Originality/value The study has applied social practice theory to consider the influence of the organisation on thermal comfort practices in non-domestic buildings; considering the perspectives of building occupants and facilities managements within the organisational context.
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Kamaruzzaman, Syahrul Nizam, Charles O. Egbu, Norhayati Mahyuddin, Emma Marinie Ahmad Zawawi, Shirley Jin Lin Chua, and Nur Farhana Azmi. "The impact of IEQ on occupants’ satisfaction in Malaysian buildings." Indoor and Built Environment 27, no. 5 (June 13, 2017): 715–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1420326x16689493.

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This paper focuses on the importance of occupant satisfaction with indoor environmental quality in buildings as well as the effect of indoor environmental quality towards occupants’ satisfaction. This research applied post-occupancy evaluation as a method to indicate the building occupants’ needs, their satisfaction and comfort level. The research is based on a case study approach whereby a questionnaire survey was conducted among 25 organizations involved in managing office buildings. A total of 115 questionnaires were returned for evaluation of occupants’ overall satisfaction from aspects of indoor environmental quality in these buildings and to determine the occupants’ satisfaction level within these buildings. The findings revealed that indoor environment factors that could contribute to occupants’ satisfaction consists of lighting, air quality and aesthetic perception. These classifications were made based on the factor analysis done with 22 attributes of the indoor environment. The majority of occupants are satisfied with their health conditions and do not face any serious health problems. However, occupants highlighted that some environmental conditions, health effects, air movement, ventilation and air freshness are important criteria for their satisfaction and comfort. This study provides insights into how occupants perceive their indoor environment and comfort, and identify problems that could arise in buildings.
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Asojo, Abimbola, Hoa Vo, and Suyeon Bae. "Sustainable Post-Occupancy Evaluation Survey (SPOES): An Approach to Human Factors in Minnesota State-funded Buildings." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 64, no. 1 (December 2020): 1120–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071181320641269.

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An interdisciplinary team from the Interior Design (ID) and the Center for Sustainable Building Research (CSBR), University of Minnesota developed a tool to inform sustainable design practices in state-funded buildings. The internet-based questionnaire called Sustainable Post Occupancy Evaluation (SPOES) provides both quantitative and qualitative analysis of building occupants’ satisfaction, health, and wellbeing via 12 indoor environmental quality (IEQ) categories. Since 2009, SPOES has provided business and building owners, architects, interior designers, facility managers of 60 state-funded workplace, classroom and residence hall buildings IEQ scores of occupants’ satisfaction to help them better engage building occupants and bring employee health and wellbeing to the forefront of their practices. This presentation will cover the SPOES questionnaire and report formats, results from workplace, classroom, residence hall buildings, and implications for evaluating the impacts of building designs on occupants’ health and wellbeing.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Building occupants"

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Gulbinas, Rimas Viktoras. "Motivating and Quantifying Energy Efficient Behavior among Commercial Building Occupants." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/64867.

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The environmental and economic consequences of climate change are severe and are being exacerbated by increased global carbon emissions. In the United States, buildings account for over 40% of all domestic and 7.4% of all global CO2 emissions and therefore represent an important target for energy conservation initiatives. Even marginal energy savings across all buildings could have a profound effect on carbon emission mitigation. In order to realize the full potential of energy savings in the building sector, it is essential to maximize the energy efficiency of both buildings and the behavior of occupants who occupy them. In this vein, systems that collect and communicate building energy-use information to occupants (i.e. eco-feedback systems) have been demonstrated to motivate building occupants to significantly reduce overall building energy consumption. Furthermore, advancements in building sensor technologies and data processing capabilities have enabled the development of advanced eco-feedback systems that also allow building occupants to share energy-use data with one another and to collectively act to reduce energy consumption. In addition to monitoring building occupant energy-use, these systems are capable of collecting data about specific conservation actions taken by occupants and their interactions with different features of the eco-feedback system. However, despite recent advancements in eco-feedback and building sensor technologies, very few systems have been specifically designed to enable research on the effectiveness of different behavior-based energy conservation strategies in commercial buildings. Consequently, very little research has been conducted on how access to such systems impacts the energy-use behavior of building occupants. In this dissertation, I describe how my research over the past three years has advanced an understanding of how eco-feedback systems can impact the energy-use behavior of commercial building occupants. First, I present a novel eco-feedback system that I developed to connect building occupants over energy-use data and empower them to conserve energy while also collecting data that enables controlled studies to quantify the impacts of a wide variety of energy conservation strategies. Next, I present a commercial building study in which this eco-feedback system was used to investigate the effects of organizational network dynamics on the energy-use of individuals. I then introduce a new set of metrics based on individual energy-use data that enables the classification of individuals and building occupant networks based on their energy-use efficiency and predictability. I describe the principles behind the construction of these metrics and demonstrate how these quantitative measures can be used to increase the efficacy of behavior-based conservation campaigns by enabling targeted interventions. I conclude the dissertation with a discussion about the limitations of my research and the new research avenues that it has enabled.
Ph. D.
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Thu, Nguyen Huong. "Integration of BIM and IoT to improve building performance for occupants’ perspecti." Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-190212.

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The purpose of this thesis is to describe and implement how a specific form of IoT, sensors, can be integrated with BIM in order to improve the building performance, when the perspective taken is the end-users. It seeks to explore different perceived values of BIM and sensor integration for the occupants who directly use the building facilities. The thesis also describes the concept, frameworks and cases of how BIM and sensors integration can be setup. These are used for an implementation at a case facility. Three main methods are used – literature review, comparative case study, and a smallscale implementation, containing a survey and sensor implementation based on the respondents’ satisfaction with the office air quality. A basic literature review is used to gather the fundamental concepts used within the relevant areas, and to review the empirical research connected to these. The conceptual part of the thesis review frameworks for BIM and sensor integration, and points toward a more user-centric framework that is later developed in relation to the thesis’ empirical results. The theoretical framework integrates Information Systems Theories with Knowledge Management for a framework of understanding how knowledge about new kinds of Information Systems in developing areas function. The empirical part of the thesis is structured into two main phases, one descriptive comparative case study, and the other an implementation based in the first phase results. The first phase is descriptive, where two cases of sensor and BIM implementation processes for FM are described. The main case of Tyréns company (Tyréns), and a reference case of Mästerhuset is used for understanding how different organizational structures may lead to different perceived values and processes of BIM and sensor integration for the end-users. The second phase is an implementation at the main case, Tyréns’ headquarter building. Here the end-user perspective is employed with a survey that is constructed in accordance with some of the fundamental concepts and research reviewed, in order to measure the perceived satisfaction with the air quality of the end-users working environment. The answers show concerns with air quality in the meeting rooms, and this is used as the basis for a small-scale implementation of sensors, where CO2 and temperature sensors are set up. The results show how different organizational-specific conditions generate different perceived values of BIM and sensor integration depending on ownership relation to the end-users. The case study also illustrate the different processes of BIM and sensor integration may be setup to supplement building performance. This points to a needed add-on into frameworks that conceptualizes BIM and sensor integration without the inclusion of the end-users’ perspective. Based on this an end-user conceptual framework of BIM and sensors is proposed with the supplementary part of a knowledge layer, named analytic layer and data source from occupants.
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Wei, Shen. "Preference-based modelling and prediction of occupants window behaviour in non-air-conditioned office buildings." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2013. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/14066.

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In naturally ventilated buildings, occupants play a key role in the performance and energy efficiency of the building operation, mainly through the opening and closing of windows. To include the effects of building occupants within building performance simulation, several useful models describing building occupants and their window opening/closing behaviour have been generated in the past 20 years. However, in these models, the occupants are classified based on the whole population or on sub-groups within a building, whilst the behavioural difference between individuals is commonly ignored. This research project addresses this latter issue by evaluating the importance of the modelling and prediction of occupants window behaviour individually, rather than putting them into a larger population group. The analysis is based on field-measured data collected from a case study building containing a number of single-occupied cellular offices. The study focuses on the final position of windows at the end of the working day. In the survey, 36 offices and their occupants were monitored, with respect to the occupants presence and window use behaviour, in three main periods of a year: summer, winter and transitional. From the behaviour analysis, several non-environmental factors, namely, season, floor level, gender and personal preference, are identified to have a statistically significant effect on the end-of-day window position in the building examined. Using these factors, occupants window behaviour is modelled by three different classification methods of building occupants, namely, whole population, sub-groups and personal preference. The preference-based model is found to perform much better predictive ability on window state when compared with those developed based on whole population and sub-groups. When used in a realistic building simulation problem, the preference-based prediction of window behaviour can reflect well the different energy performance among individual rooms, caused by different window use patterns. This cannot be demonstrated by the other two models. The findings from this research project will help both building designers and building managers to obtain a more accurate prediction of building performance and a better understanding of what is happening in actual buildings. Additionally, if the habits and behavioural preferences of occupants are well understood, this knowledge can be potentially used to increase the efficiency of building operation, by either relocating occupants within the building or by educating them to be more energy efficient.
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Ng, Wun-yin. "Impacts of the indoor environment on the health of occupants in open-plan offices in Hong Kong." Click to view the E-thesis via HKU Scholars Hub, 2004. http://lookup.lib.hku.hk/lookup/bib/B37931039.

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Love, J. A. "Understanding the interactions between occupants, heating systems and building fabric in the context of energy efficient building fabric retrofit in social housing." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2014. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1433401/.

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In order for the UK to meet its 2050 carbon targets there needs to be a major energy efficient retrofit of the UK dwelling stock, of which one fifth is social housing. Evidence suggests that retrofit often leads to an increase in mean internal temperature at the expense of energy savings. Research has quantified this effect but little investigation has taken place regarding why temperature increase occurs. This thesis measures the temperature change after installation of external wall insulation in social housing and attempts to separate out the causal influences of the building fabric and occupant behaviour. A longitudinal mixed physical and social methodology was used to collect data from 13 case study social housing dwellings. Physical variables of air and radiator temperature, relative humidity, secondary heating and use of space were measured in each room in the property, and combined with occupant interviews, in two consecutive winters before and after insulation was applied. Mean internal temperature was observed to increase after retrofit: the majority of this was attributed to insulated properties cooling down more slowly. Observed changes in occupant behaviour consisted mostly of reduction in daily hours of heating, and no occupants increased the thermostat setting. Only a minority of homes purposefully increased their demand for heat. This is contrary to assumptions normally made about occupants deliberately ‘taking back’ energy savings as increased comfort. However, the temperature during heated periods did increase in most dwellings. In several it appeared to have been previously constrained by the ability of the heating system to deliver sufficient heat. The current algorithms for predicting mean internal temperature in models such as SAP and BREDEM are a simplification of the complex physical and social reality in most dwellings. This research gives recommendations as to how domestic heating use could be better modelled and controlled.
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Jiang, Lai. "Building energy management and occupants' behaviour-intelligent agents, modelling methods and multi-objective decision making algorithms." Thesis, University of Reading, 2017. http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/68391/.

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In the UK, buildings contribute around one third of the energy-related greenhouse gas emissions. Space heating and cooling systems are among the biggest power consumers in buildings. Thus, improvement of energy efficient of HVAC systems will play a significant role in achieving the UK carbon reduction target. This research aims to develop a novel Building Energy Management System (BEMS) to reduce the energy consumption of the HVAC system while fulfilling occupants’ thermal comfort requirements. The proposed system not only considers the occupants’ adaptations when making decisions on the set temperature, but also influences occupants’ behaviours by providing them with suggestions that help eliminate unnecessary heating and cooling. Multi-agent technologies are applied to design the BEMS’s architecture. The Epistemic-Deontic-Axiologic (EDA) agent model is applied to develop the structure of the agents inside the system. The EDA-based agents select their optimal action plan by considering the occupants’ thermal sensations, their behavioural adaptations and the energy consumption of the HVAC system. Each aspect is represented by its relevant objective function. Newly-developed personal thermal sensation models and group-of-people-based thermal sensation models generated by support vector machine based algorithms are applied as objective functions to evaluate the occupants’ thermal sensations. Equations calculating heating and cooling loads are used to represent energy consumption objectives. Complexities of adaptive behaviours and confidence of association rules between behaviours and thermal sensations are used to build objective functions of behavioural adaptations. In order to make decisions by considering the above objectives, novel multi-objective decision-making algorithms are developed to help the BEMS system make optimal decisions on HVAC set temperature and suggestions to the occupants. Simulation results prove that the newly-developed BEMS can help the HVAC system reduce energy consumption by up to 10% while fulfilling the occupants’ thermal comfort requirements.
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Tsang, Wai-man Wyman, and 曾偉文. "A study on the usage and perceptions of office building occupants to green roofs in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/208521.

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As Hong Kong is famous for its image of leading international financial metropolis, many high-rise office buildings are confined inside some developed commercial districts of Hong Kong. A place for provision of greenery in such districts seems impracticable. However, greenery can exist in forms of green roof onto office buildings, it seems a practical way to embellish this concrete city. Academic studies from other countries have proven that having green roof onto buildings is able to bring numerous psychological benefits to the building occupants, but is this fact still true for office building occupants of Hong Kong? Besides, what do office building occupants think about the presence of green roof onto the building they are working inside? In this study we would like to explore the perceptions of office building occupants in Hong Kong toward green roof, as well as their mode of green roof usage in case green roof is present. The opinions on how office building occupants get satisfied with the green roof they have visited during their working time may give us a glance to the direction of green roof development in the future. What they expect on green roof is the best source of evidence in designing an optimal green roof on human-based consideration. Study result features that green roof on office building can provide a decent leisure place to occupants for relaxation, although they seem do not treat green roof as a vital place where they must go. Office building occupants are generally satisfied with green roof having appropriate provisions such as large variety of vegetation, attractive appearance and good management level. Some crucial characteristics of green roof have been identified in the viewpoints of office building occupants such as its aesthetic nature and location for convenient access. In considering the numerous benefits of green roof, every visitor, as office building occupants, agrees that green roof should be present for their needs. It gives positive and supportive evidence as incentive to the industry and developers for future green roof development.
published_or_final_version
Housing Management
Master
Master of Housing Management
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THOMAS, GREGORY A. "SERUM BIOMARKER AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEASURES OF FUNGAL EXPOSURE IN OCCUPANTS OF A WATER DAMAGED BUILDING AND ASSOCIATED HEALTH EFFECTS." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1155180288.

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Anastasopoulou, Kyriaki. "Creation of a Low Energy Building with the help of Energy Simulation." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för bygg- energi- och miljöteknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-25325.

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In this Thesis Project, the creation of a Low Energy building was examined in order to investigate how complex was to select the suitable parameters and systems of the dwelling, aiming to achieve the lowest possible energy consumption in one year period. All the technologies implemented into the system intended to be as energy efficient and profitable as possible. Another objective of this study was also to present the potential of the system to produce a part of the consumed energy, through renewable energy sources, approaching by this way also the standards of a Zero Energy Building. Firstly, the floor plan of the 150 m2 detached house, was drawn in the designing program AutoCAD. In continuation, this 2D floor plan was imported into the simulation program as well as all the initial input data so as for the Base model of the building to be created For the analysis of the building, the Simulation Program IDA ICE 4.7 was used. Gradually, alternations and adjustments were made into the Base model. Different models were created planning to analyze their results and conclude to the proper solution. All the simulations run for one year time period in order to present the total energy usage, system’s losses and demands in each case. In addition, as for the current study, the location of the construction was Athens, all building’s characteristics were chosen to comply with the Greek Regulation for Low Energy Buildings. Finally, through the procedure followed after having accomplished a series of simulations, the final annually energy demands managed to be within the required limits.

Online Presentation

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Messer, Shawn Arden. "Assessment of regional fungal concentrations and diversity and their possible association with self-reported health effects among a national sample of office building occupants in the United States." Diss., University of Iowa, 2018. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6472.

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Data from the Environmental Protection Agency’s Building Assessment and Survey Evaluation (BASE) study was analyzed for culturable fungi detected in air samples collected from 100 office buildings located among ten climate regions in the United States. Fungi identified and quantified in the study were evaluated in indoor and outdoor environments. Evenness of species for both summer and winter, and the diversity and similarity indices of species were calculated between climate region groups in order to observe potential climate-based differences in the fungal microbiome. Respiratory and neurological health symptoms of study building occupants (n = 4,326) were self-reported by questionnaire, and were analyzed in order to assess seasonal and climate differences.
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Books on the topic "Building occupants"

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Environment, Ireland Department of the. Building regulations - Part P: Safety of occupants from fire (adaptation memorandum). Dublin: Stationery Office, 1985.

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National Academies Press (U.S.), ed. Protecting building occupants and operations from biological and chemical airborne threats: A framework for decision making. Washington, D.C: National Academies Press, 2007.

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Lucas, R. G. Characterization of changes in commercial building structure, equipment, and occupants end-use load and consumer assessment program (ELCAP). Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest Laboratory, 1990.

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Leventis, Margarita. Occupant feedback from nine buildings: Important factors for occupants in office design. Manchester: UMIST, 1997.

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Preiser, Wolfgang F. E. Post-occupancy evaluation. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1988.

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Preiser, Wolfgang F. E. Post-occupancy evaluation. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1988.

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Z, Rabinowitz Harvey, and White Edward T, eds. Post-occupancy evaluation. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1987.

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Wagner, Andreas, William O’Brien, and Bing Dong, eds. Exploring Occupant Behavior in Buildings. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61464-9.

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Floberg, Leif. The humidity conflict, buildings, and their occupants. Lund [Sweden]: KF-SIGMA, Lund Technical University, 1993.

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U.S. Dept. of Energy. Occupant emergency plan. Washington, DC (1707 H St., NW, Washington 20006): U.S. Dept. of Energy, 1992.

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Book chapters on the topic "Building occupants"

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Salim, Sherna, and Amin Al-Habaibeh. "How Often Do You Open Your House Windows When Heating is ON? An Investigation of the Impact of Occupants’ Behaviour on Energy Efficiency of Residential Buildings." In Springer Proceedings in Energy, 233–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63916-7_29.

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AbstractCurrently, there are many initiatives to thermally insulate buildings on the assumption that the more insulated the building is, the more efficient in terms of energy conservation it will perform. Many assessment systems assume a linear relationship between building insulation and energy conservation. The drawback of such hypotheses is that they ignore the effect of occupants’ behaviour in their conclusions. In this study, the authors will examine the effect of people’s behaviour, particularly windows’ opening, as a behavioural pattern of occupants. It aims to study the impact of occupant’s behaviour on energy consumption of residential buildings and to identify the key factors that influence occupants’ behaviour; thus, providing ideas for improving energy efficiency by suggesting enhanced policies, approaches and techniques. The findings suggest that occupants’ behaviour could have a greater influence on the energy efficiency of buildings in some cases when compared with their thermal insulation due to opening of windows in cold weather which causes air infiltration.
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Senick, Jennifer A., Clinton J. Andrews, Handi Chandra Putra, Ioanna Tsoulou, and MaryAnn Sorensen Allacci. "Synthetic Populations of Building Office Occupants and Behaviors." In Building Performance Evaluation, 63–72. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56862-1_5.

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Bernardini, Gabriele. "Fire Safety and Building Heritage: The Occupants Perspective." In Fire Safety of Historical Buildings, 7–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55744-1_2.

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Professor, Hiroshi Yoshino, Dr of Engineering, Sachiko Hojo, PhD, Emeritus Professor, and Rie Takaki, PhD, Associate Professor. "15 Investigation of Indoor Environments and Occupants’ Health in Sick Houses." In Chemical Sensitivity and Sick-Building Syndrome, 151–64. Taylor & Francis Group, 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315374451-16.

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Schweiker, Marcel, Salvatore Carlucci, Rune Korsholm Andersen, Bing Dong, and William O’Brien. "Occupancy and Occupants’ Actions." In Exploring Occupant Behavior in Buildings, 7–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61464-9_2.

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Pal, Monalisa, and Sanghamitra Bandyopadhyay. "Multi-modality of Occupants’ Actions for Multi-Objective Building Energy Management." In Intelligence Enabled Research, 11–19. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9290-4_2.

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Li, Yuanping, Ling Feng, Lin Qiao, Yiping Li, Shoubin Kong, Yu Yi, Daqing Zhang, and Weijun Qin. "FireGuide: A Context-Aware Fire Response Guide for the Building Occupants." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 1–14. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-16982-3_1.

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Hsu, S. H., W. Han, Y. T. Chang, Y. C. Chan, and S. H. Hsieh. "A Framework for Utilization of Occupants’ Trajectory Data to Enhance Building Management." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 740–54. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51295-8_51.

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Nembrini, Julien, Roberto Sánchez, and Denis Lalanne. "Discussing the Potential of BMS Data Mining to Extract Abnormal Building Behaviour Related to Occupants’ Usage." In Impact: Design With All Senses, 727–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29829-6_56.

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Pan, Song, Xinru Wang, Xingxing Zhang, Li Chang, and Yiqiao Liu. "Influencing Factors for Occupants’ Window-Opening Behaviour in an Office Building Through Logistic Regression and Pearson Correlation Approaches." In Data-driven Analytics for Sustainable Buildings and Cities, 165–78. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-2778-1_8.

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Conference papers on the topic "Building occupants"

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Şen, Emine, and Touraj Ashrafian. "An Investigation on Natural Window Ventilation: Improving Indoor Air Quality and Energy Efficiency in an Office Building." In 4th International Conference of Contemporary Affairs in Architecture and Urbanism – Full book proceedings of ICCAUA2020, 20-21 May 2021. Alanya Hamdullah Emin Paşa University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.38027/iccaua2021317n19.

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With the increment in time spent indoors, the contingence between building occupants and indoor air pollution has been lengthened. Accordingly, indoor air quality became a significant factor since the poor conditions can influence the occupants’ health and efficiency. Indoor air quality is mainly concerned with physical and thermophysical factors in conditioned environments and is related to occupants’ satisfaction levels on a variety of variables such as fresh air adequacy, air temperature, odor, humidity, and air velocity. This paper aims to investigate natural ventilation occupant-control methods to improve indoor air quality and increase building energy efficiency considering clean air intake levels and indoor air temperature levels. For this, variables related to climatic conditions, ventilation systems, and occupant’s control on window opening were investigated to provide healthy and liveable conditions. To comply with these goals, in an open-plan office building, the levels of indoor air quality were determined with the help of DesignBuilder simulation by comparing obtained values under different case modeling variations.
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Gilani, Sara, William O'Brien, and Burak H. Gunay. "Exploring occupants' impact at different spatial scales." In 7th International Building Physics Conference. Syracuse, New York: International Association of Building Physics (IABP), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.14305/ibpc.2018.hf-1.03.

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Peng, Bo, and Sheng-Jen Hsieh. "Simulation Model of Automated HVAC System Control Strategy With Thermal Comfort and Occupancy Considerations." In ASME 2017 12th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference collocated with the JSME/ASME 2017 6th International Conference on Materials and Processing. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2017-3001.

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Currently, design and control of HVAC system in buildings rely heavily on simulation tools. However, the common tools available often fail to optimize occupants’ comfort directly, nor do they consider real-time variations in occupancy that affect comfort and energy performance. To address these limits, this research designed an occupancy-based and thermal comfort-driven building automation simulation model. A single-space prototype lab room was co-simulated using EnergyPlus and MATLAB with the help of BCVTB and MLE+ as middleware. Various climate scenarios from four cities in the U.S. in different seasons were examined. Results suggest that overall, compared to a conventional temperature-driven control strategy baseline, the proposed system can minimize thermal comfort violation (in term of PMV model, |PMV|>0.5 is considered as a violation) to 7% and reduce occupants’ thermal discomfort by 62.5% on average. Meanwhile, energy consumption remains same or reduced (up to 2% reduction). Due to its simplicity, this strategy is relatively easy to implement in real-world building automation systems with appropriate sensor placement in modern buildings.
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Raibagkar, Anay, and Matthew Edel. "Impact of Thermal Hazards on Process Buildings Using CFD Techniques." In ASME 2013 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2013-97640.

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The impact of thermal hazards on process buildings is an important component of site hazard evaluations. API RP-752 recommends that process facilities analyze thermal hazards and assess their impact to onsite buildings and their occupants. Thermal loads resulting from fires in process units and equipment can have a significant impact on buildings, especially if the building is close to the fire source. Some buildings may be designed for blast and toxic protection, which allows the buildings to be located near process units and equipment, but possibly exposed to thermal hazards from a potential fire. Screening-level thermal models typically used in process safety applications cannot account for detailed building geometries and how they may affect thermal impact from fire on building occupants. A more robust approach using the Fire Dynamics Simulator Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) code has been used in this study to assess the impact of thermal hazards on a target building located downstream of a jet fire. Temperature and radiation increases inside the building due to the thermal loads at the building exterior surface were calculated. The results indicate that buildings can provide protection to occupants depending on exposure time and building/insulation design. The results clearly show that a detailed CFD model can be effectively used to assess the thermal impact of incident radiation on buildings and to assist designers with determining requirements for the building envelope to provide protection to building occupants.
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Spigliantini, Giorgia, Valentina Fabi, Marcel Schweiker, and Stefano Paolo Corgnati. "Occupants’ perception of historical buildings’ indoor environment. Two case studies." In 7th International Building Physics Conference. Syracuse, New York: International Association of Building Physics (IABP), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.14305/ibpc.2018.hf-2.04.

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Pan, Song, Lang Xie, Shen Wei, Yunmo Wang, Chuanqi Xu, Xinru Wang, and Yanan Zhang. "A review of building occupants adaptive behavior in buildings of China." In 5th International Conference on Civil Engineering and Transportation. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/iccet-15.2015.285.

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Lucas, Franck, Jean Perouzel, Frantz Sinama, and Franc¸ois Garde. "Instrumentation and Simulation of the Hygro-Thermal Conditions of a Green Building: A Study of the Impact of the Post-Occupancy Usages on Thermal Comfort." In ASME 2010 4th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2010-90499.

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Post-occupancy evaluations (POEs) are useful for evaluating the success of any building design, but are particularly useful in evaluating green buildings. It is the only opportunity architects and engineers have to learn if their buildings actually work as planned. On the other hand, following the “guidebook” of a green building, i.e. having occupants aware of the particularity of the premise and taught about how it works and what the proper usages are (which are not automatically straightforward), is of prime importance since misuse of a green building can directly lead to discomfort and energy over consumption. In that framework, this paper stresses the link between occupants’ usages and their indoor thermal comfort by attempting a quantification of the impact of each usage on indoor temperature and hygrometry (and thus thermal comfort), showing by the way that, in order a POE to fully give exploitable results, a communication to occupants on proper usages has to be the first step after the delivery of a green building. To study that link, the real case of a green building located in the French tropical island of La Re´union has been used. The overall idea followed in this work lies in two steps: The first one is the creation of a “validated” digital building description obtained thanks to a process of comparison between simulations outputs (DesignBuilder) and field measurements (weather and comfort stations), and to a “block by block” approach that allows independent validations of the description of the fabrics and of the description of the usages. The second step is the utilization of the model obtained in the first step to perform simulations of new usages, as modifications in natural ventilation features (doors, windows open or closed) or in number of occupants, lighting schedule etc. These new simulations lead to the possibilities of comparing situations between each others, and therefore of quantifying the contribution, positive or negative, of each chosen usage to thermal comfort. Eventually, this paper will describe an example of combination of new usages that makes the conditions noticeably more comfortable within the building, stressing that following the good usages in a green building is a first requirement before realizing any POE.
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Bielskus, Jonas, and Violeta Motuzienė. "THE INFLUENCE OF SCHEDULES OF OPEN OFFICE OCCUPANTS’ PRESENCE ON BUILDING’S ENERGY DEMAND." In 11th International Conference “Environmental Engineering”. VGTU Technika, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2020.827.

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Many studies show, that there is a difference between actual and design energy consumption in energy efficient and sustainable buildings. As a rule, buildings consume more energy than it has been foreseen at the design stage. Occupants’ behaviour in buildings is also identified as one of the main reasons causing the so called Performance Gap. Having mobile workstations, opened plan offices are becoming more popular in design solutions in sustainable buildings. Here we have studied one of such office spaces. Monitoring of real occupancy was performed and real occupation schedules were statistically generated. The schedules were compared to the ones given by European Standard for energy performance calculation as well as with default schedules proposed by simulation software DesignBuilder. The comparison shows a significantly lower measured occupancy compared to the above-mentioned schedules. To compare the influence of occupancy related assumptions on predicted energy demand, DesignBuilder model was created and simulated for 3 different occupancy schedules. The results have shown that primary energy demand of a building due to assumptions related with an occupancy, compared to default DesignBuilder schedules are: 111 kWh/m² (32%) higher than the standard case and 152 kWh/m² (44%) than the actual one.
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Gilani, Sara, and William O'Brien. "Quantification of building energy performance uncertainty associated with building occupants and operators." In 7th International Building Physics Conference. Syracuse, New York: International Association of Building Physics (IABP), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.14305/ibpc.2018.hf-1.05.

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Karatas, Aslihan, and Khaled El-Rayes. "Maximizing Occupants' Comfort in Affordable Housing Units." In 2014 International Conference on Computing in Civil and Building Engineering. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784413616.253.

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Reports on the topic "Building occupants"

1

Edwards, L., and P. Torcellini. Literature Review of the Effects of Natural Light on Building Occupants. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/15000841.

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Lucas, R. G., Z. T. Taylor, N. E. Miller, and R. G. Pratt. Characterization of changes in commercial building structure, equipment, and occupants: End-Use Load and Consumer Assessment Program. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6266769.

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Fowler, Kimberly M., Emily M. Rauch, Jordan W. Henderson, and Angela R. Kora. Re-Assessing Green Building Performance: A Post Occupancy Evaluation of 22 GSA Buildings. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1029438.

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Sanders, Philip A., and Belinda L. Collins. Post-occupancy evaluation of the Forrestal Building. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, May 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.5591.

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Rubin, Arthur. Post occupancy evaluation of federal buildings:. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.4307.

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Robinson, Alastair. Zone Level Occupant-Responsive Building Energy Systems at the GSA. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1167377.

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Collins, Belinda L., Mubarek S. Dahir, and Peter J. Goodin. Post-occupancy evaluation of several U.S. government buildings. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.89-4175.

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Sohn, Michael D., Douglas R. Black, Phillip N. Price, Yiqing Lin, Rohini Brahme, Amit Surana, Satish Narayanan, Alberto Cerpa, Varick Ericson, and Ankur Kamthe. Occupancy-Based Energy Management in Buildings: Final Report to Sponsors. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/985736.

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Sattar, Siamak, Therese McAllister, Katherine Johnson, Christopher Clavin, Christopher Segura, Steven McCabe, Juan Fung, et al. Research needs to support immediate occupancy building performance objective following natural hazard events. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, August 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.sp.1224.

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Grot, Richard A., Andrew Persily, Alfred T. Hodgson, and Joan M. Daisey. Environmental evaluation of the Portland East Federal Office Building preoccupancy and early occupancy results. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.89-4066.

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