Relevant bibliographies by topics / Building panel

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Building panel'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 10 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Building panel"

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Chang, Jing Yi, and Yean Der Kuan. "Application of CFD to Building Thermal Control Analysis." Applied Mechanics and Materials 271-272 (December 2012): 777–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.271-272.777.

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Building-integrated photovoltaic system is to import a photovoltaic panel system into the shell structure of a building by using building design techniques, so that the system constituents not only generate power, but are also a part of the building’s shell. If the photovoltaic panel is integrated with a sun shield, a power benefit could be obtained and both solar irradiation and the cooling load could be reduced. This study aimed to use CFD technology for analysis of building surface thermal control and flow field simulation, and further discuss the effects of the relative position of the sun and atmospheric wind flow field on the distribution of building surface temperatures and flow fields at different hours and in different seasons. Understanding the sun's position and other climatic conditions accurately is helpful for locating solar panels and solar collectors on buildings.
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Dougherty, Brian P., A. Hunter Fanney, and Mark W. Davis. "Measured Performance of Building Integrated Photovoltaic Panels—Round 2." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 127, no. 3 (October 28, 2004): 314–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1883237.

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Architects, building designers, and building owners presently lack sufficient resources for thoroughly evaluating the economic impact of building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV). The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is addressing this deficiency by evaluating computer models used to predict the electrical performance of BIPV components. To facilitate this evaluation, NIST is collecting long-term BIPV performance data that can be compared against predicted values. The long-term data, in addition, provides insight into the relative merits of different building integrated applications, helps to identify performance differences between cell technologies, and reveals seasonal variations. This paper adds to the slowly growing database of long-term performance data on BIPV components. Results from monitoring eight different building-integrated panels over a 12-month period are summarized. The panels are installed vertically, face true south, and are an integral part of the building’s shell. The eight panels comprise the second set of panels evaluated at the NIST test facility. Cell technologies evaluated as part of this second round of testing include single-crystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon, and two thin film materials: tandem-junction amorphous silicon (2-a-Si) and copper-indium-diselenide (CIS). Two 2-a-Si panels and two CIS panels were monitored. For each pair of BIPV panels, one was insulated on its back side while the back side of the second panel was open to the indoor conditioned space. The panel with the back side thermal insulation experienced higher midday operating temperatures. The higher operating temperatures caused a greater dip in maximum power voltage. The maximum power current increased slightly for the 2-a-Si panel but remained virtually unchanged for the CIS panel. Three of the remaining four test specimens were custom-made panels having the same polycrystalline solar cells but different glazings. Two different polymer materials were tested along with 6 mm-thick, low-iron float glass. The two panels having the much thinner polymer front covers consistently outperformed the panel having the glass front. When compared on an annual basis, the energy production of each polymer-front panel was 8.5% higher than the glass-front panel. Comparison of panels of the same cell technology and comparisons between panels of different cell technologies are made on daily, monthly, and annual bases. Efficiency based on coverage area, which excludes the panel’s inactive border, is used for most “between” panel comparisons. Annual coverage-area conversion efficiencies for the vertically-installed BIPV panels range from a low of 4.6% for the 2-a-Si panels to a high of 12.2% for the two polycrystalline panels having the polymer front covers. The insulated single crystalline panel only slightly outperformed the insulated CIS panel, 10.1% versus 9.7%.
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Lea, Doug, David Forslund, Tom Barry, Don Vines, Rajendra Raj, and Ashutosh Tiwary. "Building distributed systems (panel)." ACM SIGPLAN Notices 33, no. 10 (October 1998): 412–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/286942.286981.

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Lyublinskiy, Valery, and Andrzej Ubysz. "Stress-strain state panel buildings and welded butt joints." E3S Web of Conferences 263 (2021): 02015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126302015.

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The constructive basis of a multi-story building is the spatial bearing system of buildings. In accordance with the chosen mathematical apparatus of the study, the spatial load-bearing system of a multi-storey building is a discrete vertical reinforced concrete structure formed by shear walls, and united by constant height connections with certain deformability. The above elements of the building support system provide strength, stability and durability of the structure as a whole. The spatial operation of the system is manifested in the fact that when loading one of its elements, other elements are included in the work. The purpose of the present study is to assess the influence shear bonds of the building’s bearing system on its stress-strain state using a specific building.
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Pramono, Tri Joko, Erlina Erlina, Zainal Arifin, and Jef Saragih. "Pemanfaatan Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Surya Pada Gedung Bertingkat." KILAT 9, no. 1 (April 25, 2020): 115–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.33322/kilat.v9i1.888.

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Solar Power Plant is one of the New Renewable Energy power plants. Solar panels can produce unlimited amounts of electrical energy directly taken from the sun, with no rotating parts and no fuel. In this study are optimize solar power plants using hybrid systems with electricity companies and the use of semi-transparent solar panels in high rise buildings to meet the burden of the building. The research will discussed about use of solar power plants using semi-transparent solar panels in multi-storey buildings. The solar panel used for the facade is a semi-transparent solar panel makes its function become two, that is to produce electrical energy as well as glass through which sunlight and can see the view outside the building without reducing the building's aesthetic value. In this study is the value of solar radiation taken from west is the lowest value in November 1.4 Kwh can produce energy PLTS 3,855 Kwh and the highest solar radiation in July amounted to 3.75 Kwh can produce energy PLTS 10.331 Kwh. From the utilization of this PLTS system, Performance Ratio of 85% was obtained using study of 36 panels on the 3rd to 5th floors, this system can be said to feasible.
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Kim, Amy A., Dorothy A. Reed, Youngjun Choe, Shuoqi Wang, and Carolina Recart. "New Building Cladding System Using Independent Tilted BIPV Panels with Battery Storage Capability." Sustainability 11, no. 20 (October 9, 2019): 5546. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11205546.

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In order to meet renewable energy goals in the near future, the deployment of photovoltaic (PV) panels on buildings will dramatically increase. The objective of this paper is to introduce an improved design for PV cladding systems that will greatly contribute to meeting these renewable energy goals. Typically, building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) panels are vertically oriented as cladding and they are not coupled with individual storage batteries. The proposed cladding couples a tilted BIPV panel with one or more storage batteries at each building placement. Thus, the tilted BIPV plus battery system is independent of other power generation in the building and it is referred to as a “building perma-power link” (BPPL) cladding element. Each cladding panel is designed as a stand-alone system, which will be useful for installation, operation, and maintenance. The hyper-redundancy of multiple BPPL cladding panels for a typical building significantly enhances its overall energy resiliency. In order to foster manufacturing ease, each individual cladding unit has been designed at tilts of 45° and 60°. An example of a mid-rise building in Seattle, Washington is provided. The degree of building energy resiliency provided through multiple BPPLs is examined.
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Chen, Wen Su, and Hong Hao. "A Study of Corrolink Structural Insulated Panel (SIP) to Windborne Debris Impacts." Key Engineering Materials 626 (August 2014): 68–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.626.68.

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Structural insulated panel (SIP) is considered as a green panel in construction industry because of the low thermal conductivity of the sandwiched EPS core (i.e extended polystyrene). It is a lightweight composite structure and is widely used in commercial, industrial and residential buildings to construct the building envelop including roof and wall. The windborne debris driven by cyclone or hurricane usually imposes intensive localized impact on the structural panel, which might create opening to the structure. The opening on the building envelope might cause internal pressures increase and result in substantial damage to the building structures, such as roof lifting up and wall collapse. The Australian Wind Loading Code (version 2011) [1] requires structural panels to resist projectile debris impact at a velocity equal to 40% of the wind speed, which could be more than 40 m/s in the tropical area with the wind speed more than 100m/s. In this study, two kinds of SIP under projectile debris impact were investigated, i.e. “Corrolink” and “Double-corrolink” composite panels shown in Fig. 1. Laboratory tests were carried out by using pneumatic cannon testing system to investigate the dynamic response of composite panels subjected to wooden projectile impacts. The failure modes were observed. The structural dynamic responses were also examined quantitatively based on the deformation and strain time histories measured in the tests. The penetration resistance capacity of panels subjected to windborne debris impact was assessed.Fig. 1 Schematic diagrams (L) Corrolink panel; (R) Double-corrolink panel [2]
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Bosák, Lukáš, and Milan Palko. "Wall Panel Made of Bio-composites." MATEC Web of Conferences 279 (2019): 02010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201927902010.

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Sustainability is currently an important part of the building industry. The development of new building constructions and the use of ecological materials is a very popular topic in this area. One example of organic material are natural fibres bio-composites. Bio-composite materials are currently used in the form of laminates mainly used in the sport and furniture industries. This article addresses their use in the building industry as the outer envelope of buildings. The article deals with the testing of the influence of UV radiation and moisture on the degradation of Bio-composites with recommendation of possible ways of their protection. In the next section, it deals with the design of composite wall panel with Bio-composite laminates on the top layer. This panel will contain mycelium as thermal insulation. The assumption of the use of this type of construction in the building industry is based on the possibility of replacing conventional materials used nowadays and reducing the environmental load by the building industry. The use of new types of eco-friendly building materials is in accordance with the EU strategy.
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Boscato, Giosuè, Alessandra Dal Cin, and Riccardo Destro. "Structural Behaviour and Comparison of CGF Panels." Advanced Materials Research 900 (February 2014): 463–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.900.463.

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A CGF Panel (Concrete Glulam Framed Panel) is a concrete panel with a glued laminated timber frame. The experimentation on this new construction system at LabSCo (Laboratory of Strength of Materials) of IUAV University of Venice, inspired a wide research on buildings made of this construction system investigating in different aspect of building behaviour: particularly about mechanical property of the materials, mechanical of the system and building physics. This paper presents the results of quasi-static in-plane tests on single panel and configurations of some different panels. The tests in the laboratory are used for measuring the in-plane strength and stiffness of individual panels and wall sections consist of some panels in order to verify and measure the behavior of the connections between the various parts of the single panel and the connection between the panels. Thanks to the results obtained it was possible carry out the FE model to calibrate the characteristics in relation to experimental data. Finally, in order to compare this constructive system with the well known X-lam systems, on the basis of the calibration of the models we were able to set up a comparable FE model with those of the X-lam wall described in the publication: "Quasi-Static and Pseudo-Dynamic Tests on XLAM Walls and Buildings " inherent in the SOFIE project coordinated by the CNR-IVALSA (Italian National Research Council - Trees and Timber Institute)
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Zhou, Ao, Kwun-Wah Wong, and Denvid Lau. "Thermal Insulating Concrete Wall Panel Design for Sustainable Built Environment." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/279592.

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Air-conditioning system plays a significant role in providing users a thermally comfortable indoor environment, which is a necessity in modern buildings. In order to save the vast energy consumed by air-conditioning system, the building envelopes in envelope-load dominated buildings should be well designed such that the unwanted heat gain and loss with environment can be minimized. In this paper, a new design of concrete wall panel that enhances thermal insulation of buildings by adding a gypsum layer inside concrete is presented. Experiments have been conducted for monitoring the temperature variation in both proposed sandwich wall panel and conventional concrete wall panel under a heat radiation source. For further understanding the thermal effect of such sandwich wall panel design from building scale, two three-story building models adopting different wall panel designs are constructed for evaluating the temperature distribution of entire buildings using finite element method. Both the experimental and simulation results have shown that the gypsum layer improves the thermal insulation performance by retarding the heat transfer across the building envelopes.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Building panel"

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Amigo, Jesus Menendez. "Optimisation of timber frame closed panel systems for low energy buildings." Thesis, Edinburgh Napier University, 2017. http://researchrepository.napier.ac.uk/Output/1035263.

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The United Kingdom published a legally binding document to reduce national greenhouse gas emissions by year 2020 up to 34% against the 1990 levels. This target also fulfils the Europe 2020 strategy of 20% carbon emission reductions by year 2020 (EC, 2010). Emissions due to space heating count for around 60% of the total domestic emissions (DCLG, 2012). The report “Rethinking Construction” published in 1998 emphasised the opportunities to improve the quality and efficiency of the UK construction sector (Egan, 1998). More recently, a framework has been published by the Government to tackle fuel poverty by building more energy efficient homes (DECC, 2015). In terms of energy performance, Passivhaus is recognised as one of the most energy efficient and researched construction standards which requires an exceptionally high-level of insulation and airtightness. Closed-panel timber frames are a relatively new system in UK with an opportunity for growth. These advanced panels are pre-fitted in the factory, reducing the on-site work. However, closed-panel systems present a more complex sole plate fixing detail which can have an undesirable long-term impact on the structural and thermal performance of the building. The work presented in this thesis investigates the structural considerations, racking performance, of timber frame closed panel systems for future building regulations. The thesis underlines the significance of structural stability, serviceability and detailing in relationship with long-term thermal efficiency and airtightness, according to Passivhaus standard. An experimental study was carried out to investigate the structural racking performance of advanced closed panel systems. A comparison was made between the behaviour of the timber frame panels and the analytical PD 6693-1. A set of different wall panel built-ups is presented for optimised Passivhaus design, including thermal bridge-free sole plate details. A timber frame racking software application was developed to optimise the structural design of shear walls. A parametric study was carried out with this tool to generate efficient timber frame wall design tables for different applied racking loads and U-values. The software application also allows for direct specification of robust sole plate base fixings and thermal bridge free details.
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Hubálek, Michal. "Využití řídicího systému Foxtrot jako Building Management System." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-220158.

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This diploma thesis describes an intelligent wiring system especially of one’s home. Modern Foxtrot System from TECO, JSC has been examined and done to work. In the first part of the thesis the highly diverse options of the intelligent home system are dealt with. The second part of the thesis treats the concept of Foxtrot System in greater detail. The objective is to describe the use of the control system as well as the advanced automation. The larger part of the diploma thesis deals with a sample laboratory Foxtrot system panel, its draft, functions and construction. The budget for the draft and the construction is created and based on the prices of Foxtrot System components. As for the planned integration of the laboratory panel in education, two laboratory manuals are developed and vary in their control functions. In the first manual Foxtrot System, Mosaic software and push button control panel are introduced to the user. The second one describes how to create a more complicated program that is used to control the system via the web interface computer or Smart phone and are also used buttons.
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Hamid, Munshi Ab. "Influence of wall panel characteristics on the productivity of bricklayers." Thesis, University of Dundee, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.326360.

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Bregulla, Julie. "Investigation into the fire and racking behaviour of structural sandwich panel walls : a methodology to assess load bearing sandwich panels in fire." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2003. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/807/.

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Rancourt, Derek Gerard. "Structural Behavior of Wood I-Joist/OSB Roof Panel Assemblies." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2010. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/RancourtDG2010.pdf.

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Bradford, Nicholas M. "Design Optimization of Frp Composite Panel Building Systems: Emergency Shelter Applications." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0000484.

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Harrison, Tracy Lynn. "Building core competencies in auto body panel stamping through computer simulation." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/12849.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, 1992 and Thesis (M.S.)--Sloan School of Management, 1992.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 76-78)
by Tracy Lynn Harrison.
M.S.
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Fosså, Kjell Tore. "Slipforming of Vertical Concrete Structures. Friction between Concrete and Slipform Panel." Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering Science and Technology, 2001. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-42.

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Slipforming is a construction method that has been used in several decades for production of concrete structures. It is a wide range of different structures that are slipformed, but typical are vertical structures such as towers, bridge columns and offshore platforms. Slipforming are not only used for straight vertical concrete structures, but also on structures where the geometry of the structure and the wall thickness is changed. Slipforming is normally a continuous working operation (24 hours a day), which require a well-planned supply of materials. Problems that occur during this process needs to be solved instantly. Slipforming is a rather complicated operation compared to other construction techniques. The requirements to the materials, personnel and the execution of the work are therefore accordingly higher.

Slipforming of concrete structures has in most cases been carried out successfully with no or only minor supplementary work. However, in some cases, surface damages have occurred during slipforming. Typical surface damages are lifting cracks and vertical lined damages caused by lumps formed on the slipform panel. These problems have during recent years caused discussion and partly also scepticism to slipforming as a reliable construction technique. The Norwegian Public Roads Administration has recommended in Publication 77 that some concrete structures should not be slipformed depending on the environmental impact at the location, geometric degree of difficulties of the concrete structure and the type of concrete. Also in other countries there are scepticism to slipforming as a construction technique.

The prime objective of the research program is to improve the understanding of the slipform technique as a construction method in order to ensure high quality concrete structures. The objective is to identify the parameters affecting the net lifting stress (friction) that occur during lifting of the slipform panel. Focus is given to the importance of the concrete properties that will influence the forces that occur between the slipform panel and the concrete. Also any connection between the friction level and the surface damages is investigated. Based on the result it should be possible to define requirements for materials, mix composition and method of execution to ensure that the specified quality in the structure is obtained.

The lifting stress can be divided in static lifting stress and sliding lifting stress, where the static lifting stress represents the friction that has to be overcome in order to start sliding and the sliding lifting stress is the minimum friction that occurs during sliding. The difference between the static and sliding lifting stress is caused by the decreasing effective pressure during lifting at the sliding zone and the adhesion that occurs because of no movement of the slipform panel between two lifts. Both static and sliding lifting stress are closely related, but the static lifting stress can be extremely large compared to the sliding lifting stress.

The friction law can be used to describe the correlation between the net lifting stress and the effective pressure. This correlation is almost linear and applicable for both the net static and sliding lifting stress. The effective pressure, which represents the pressure between the solid particles and the slipform panel, is the difference between the normal pressure (concrete pressure against the slipform panel) and the pore water pressure. It is primarily the pressure in the pore water that is responsible for most of the variation in the effective pressure during the plastic phase and the transition period, which means that it is mainly the variation in the pore water pressure that controls the level of the lifting stress. The pore water pressure is decreasing slightly in early phase because of the settlement in the concrete. During the elastic phase, the pore water pressure start to decrease faster as an effect of the chemical shrinkage that occurs because of the cement reaction.

The pore water pressure development can be characterised by the decrease rate of the pore water pressure and the minimum pore water pressure. The minimum pore water pressure is defined as the pore water pressure at the time of maximum lifting stress. The minimum pore water pressure occurs just before the pressure is increasing at the sliding zone close to the slipform panel. It is primarily the level of the minimum pore water pressure that will decide the maximum level of the static and sliding lifting stress. The pore water pressure decrease rate and the minimum pore water pressure depends on the particle concentration and particle size distribution for the finer particles and also the air content in the concrete. Higher particle concentration and finer particle size distribution will both result in a faster pore water pressure decrease rate and a lower minimum pore water pressure. A higher air content will reduce the effect from the chemical shrinkage because the existing air volume will act as a pressure release volume, resulting in a lower pore water pressure decrease rate and a higher minimum pore water pressure.

Also the compaction method will have an impact on the decrease rate of the pore water pressure and the minimum pore water pressure, because the air content will be reduced with prolonged vibration time. Prolonged vibration will in general result in a higher lifting stress, depending on the response on the concrete during vibration. When lightweight aggregate is used in the concrete, the entrapped air in the lightweight aggregate will increase the pore water pressure and result in a lower lifting stress. Porous lightweight aggregate will have larger impact on the pore water pressure than denser lightweight aggregate.

Pressure gradients that occur between two concrete layers will affect the decrease rate of the pore water pressure. Water will “flow” from layers with younger concrete without any negative pressure to concrete layers with lower pore water pressure. This will reduce the decrease rate in the concrete layer that receives the water. In later stage the same concrete that supplied the concrete layer below with water will receive water from the concrete layer above. The pressure gradient at the joint (between two concrete layers) will be more even as a result of the water communications between the concrete layers. Evaporation of water from a fresh concrete surface will result in a faster decrease rate and a lower minimum pore water pressure because of the drying process will form menisci near the surface. The water communication is in general good in the concrete in this phase.

The time at which the minimum pore water pressure occurs will also have an impact on the minimum pressure level. A shorter period of time from the minimum pore water pressure occur to the time of initial set will result in a relatively higher minimum pore water pressure and a lower lifting stress. The minimum pore water pressure has occurred earlier when water has evaporated from an exposed concrete surface. Also when very rough slipform panel is used, the incipient vacuum between the slipform panel and the concrete is punctured early (collapse of the capillary system at the sliding zone) because of the rough panel surface and will result in a relative low lifting stress.

Both the lifting frequency and the lifting height has a considerable effect on the static lifting stress. Lower lifting height or decreased lifting frequency will both result in a lower pore water pressure and a higher static lifting stress. This is probably because the interface zone is disturbed each time the slipform panel is lifted. Less disturbance of the interface will result in a lower minimum pore water pressure. The lifting stress is decreasing during lifting as an effect of the decreasing effective pressure at the sliding zone and the reduced adhesion. The effective pressure at the sliding zone is probably at minimum and the adhesion is completely broken when the lifting stress is stabilized on a minimum level. The sliding lifting stress is also affected of the lifting frequency and the lifting height if not the minimum level is reached during the lift.

Surface damages caused by high lifting stress are not demonstrated in the vertical slipform rig. However, similar concrete mix design that has been used in a field project, where surface damages occurred, has been tested in the vertical slipform rig. The concrete mix in this field project was replaced with a new concrete mix, where no or only minor surface damages occurred after the replacement. Both concrete mixes is tested in the vertical slipform rig and the result show a considerable higher static and sliding lifting stress for the concrete mix that was used when surface damages occurred. This indicates that there are a connection between high lifting stress and risk for surface damages. This means also that concrete mixes that obtains high lifting stress in the vertical slipform rig is more exposed to surface damages than concrete mixes that has obtained lower lifting stress.

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Loury, Sharon D., Ken Silver, and Joe Florence. "Building a Consensus for Tomato Worker Ergonomics: A Community-expert Panel Study." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8193.

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Yuksel, Bahadir S. "Experimental Investigation Of The Seismic Behavior Of Panel Buildings." Phd thesis, METU, 2003. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/1070309/index.pdf.

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Shear-wall dominant multi-story reinforced concrete structures, constructed by using a special tunnel form technique are commonly built in countries facing a substantial seismic risk, such as Chile, Japan, Italy and Turkey. In 1999, two severe urban earthquakes struck Kocaeli and Dü
zce provinces in Turkey with magnitudes (Mw) 7.4 and 7.1, respectively. These catastrophes caused substantial structural damage, casualties and loss of lives. In the aftermath of these destructive earthquakes, neither demolished nor damaged shear-wall dominant buildings constructed by tunnel form techniques were reported. In spite of their high resistance to earthquake excitations, current seismic code provisions including the Uniform Building Code and the Turkish Seismic Code present limited information for their design criteria. This study presents experimental investigation of the panel unit having H-geometry. To investigate the seismic behavior of panel buildings, two prototype test specimens which have H wall design were tested at the Structural Mechanics Laboratory at METU. The experimental work involves the testing of two four-story, 1/5-scale reinforced concrete panel form building test specimens under lateral reversed loading, simulating the seismic forces and free vibration tests. Free vibration tests before and after cracking were done to assess the differences between the dynamic properties of uncracked and cracked test specimens. A moment-curvature program named Waller2002 for shear walls is developed to include the effects of steel strain hardening, confinement of concrete and tension strength of concrete. The moment-curvature relationships of panel form test specimens showed that walls with very low longitudinal steel ratios exhibit a brittle flexural failure with very little energy absorption. Shear walls of panel form test specimens have a reinforcement ratio of 0.0015 in the longitudinal and vertical directions. Under gradually increasing reversed lateral loading, the test specimens reached ultimate strength, as soon as the concrete cracked, followed by yielding and then rupturing of the longitudinal steel. The displacement ductility of the panel form test specimens was found to be very low. Thus, the occurrence of rupture of the longitudinal steel, as also observed in analytical studies, has been experimentally verified. Strength, stiffness, energy dissipation and story drifts of the test specimens were examined by evaluating the test results.
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Books on the topic "Building panel"

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Reid, Kenneth. Panel infillings to timber-framed buildings. London: Society for the Protection of Ancient Buildings, 1989.

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Albacea, Eliezer A. Building panel data for monitoring poverty in the Philippines. Manila, Philippines: National Statistics Office, 2003.

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National Federation of Roofing Contractors. Building envelope solutions: The designers guide to insulated roof & wall panel systems. Edinburgh: National Federation of Roofing Contractors, Scottish Region, 2000.

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(Nigeria), Cross River State. Conclusions of the government of Cross River State of Nigeria on the report and recommendations of the military panel set up to inspect all government-hired buildings in the Cross River State. Calabar: Govt. Printer, 1985.

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Deprem sorumluluk hukukunda uygulama sorunları: Panel : 28 Nisan 2007, Kocaeli Üniversitesi, Mimarlık ve Tasarım Fakültesi, Konferans Salonu. İstanbul: TMMOB Mimarlar Odası, 2008.

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Ashton, John. Cost efficiency and UK building societies: An econometric panel-data study employing a flexible Fourier functional form. Poole: Bournemouth University,School of Finance & Law, 1998.

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Symposium on the Relationship between Disarmament and Development (2004 United Nations Headquarters). Symposium on the Relationship between Disarmament and Development: Panel discussion, United Nations, New York, 9 March 2004. New York: Department of Disarmament Affairs, 2004.

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Cynthia, Rosenzweig, Solecki William, and New York Academy of Sciences, eds. Climate change adaptation in New York City: Building a risk management response : New York City Panel on Climate Change 2010 report. Boston, Mass: Published by Blackwell Pub. on behalf of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2010.

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New Jersey. Panel on the Future Health and Vitality of the County Community Colleges. Building partnerships: The opportunities ahead : the report of the Panel on the Future Health and Vitality of the County Community Colleges. [Trenton, N.J.] (225 W. State St., Trenton 08625): [State of New Jersey, Dept. of Higher Education, 1987.

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Inukai, Mizuo. The 5th management panel on collaboration research activities about building structural engineering between JRC-ISIS & JBRI: 17-18 May 2000 at Tsukuba City, Japan. Tsukuba, Japan: Building Research Institute, 2001.

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Book chapters on the topic "Building panel"

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Fisser, P., E. Stacey, T. J. Weert, J. Wibe, C. Fulford, U. Fuller, and F. Vries. "Panel on Lifelong Learning." In Building University Electronic Educational Environments, 79–89. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-35502-3_6.

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Li, Rita Yi Man. "Dynamic Panel Study of Building Accidents." In Construction Safety Informatics, 41–52. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-5761-9_4.

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Kicová, Eva, and Anna Križanová. "Building a Sustainable Brand." In Advances in Panel Data Analysis in Applied Economic Research, 367–79. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70055-7_29.

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Olson, Eric K., and Anthony J. Nicastro. "Ventilation and Moisture Control in Architectural Metal Panel Roofing Systems." In Building Science and the Physics of Building Enclosure Performance, 317–37. 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959: ASTM International, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/stp161720180069.

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Kenneally, Erin, Angelos Stavrou, John McHugh, and Nicolas Christin. "Moving Forward, Building an Ethics Community (Panel Statements)." In Financial Cryptography and Data Security, 178–83. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-29889-9_16.

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Bernstein, Mark, Mirjam Palosaari Eladhari, Hartmut Koenitz, Sandy Louchart, Frank Nack, Chris Martens, Giulia Carla Rossi, Anne-Gwenn Bosser, and David E. Millard. "ICIDS2020 Panel: Building the Discipline of Interactive Digital Narratives." In Interactive Storytelling, 3–11. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62516-0_1.

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Matusova, Dominika, and Viera Bartošová. "Utilization the Process BIM – Building Information Modeling in Facility Management." In Advances in Panel Data Analysis in Applied Economic Research, 429–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70055-7_34.

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D'Alessandro, Kacie, Carin Roberts-Wollmann, Thomas Cousins, and Elisa Sotelino. "Investigation of Biaxial Stress States of UHPC Bridge Girders through Small Panel Testing and Finite Element Analysis." In Designing and Building with UHPFRC, 619–38. Hoboken, NJ USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118557839.ch42.

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Lerma, C., V. Blasco, Á. Mas, E. Gil, and J. Vercher. "Basis of Stone Panel Pathology and Application of Infrared Thermography in the Pathology Study of Back-Ventilated Façades with Stone Panels." In Case Studies of Building Pathology in Cultural Heritage, 233–54. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0639-5_12.

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Reichardt, Alexander. "Sustainable Building Certification and the Rent Premium: A Panel Data Approach." In Sustainability in Commercial Real Estate Markets, 9–35. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-11739-9_2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Building panel"

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Lea, Doug, David Forslund, Tom Barry, Don Vines, Rajendra Raj, and Ashutosh Tiwary. "Building distributed systems (panel)." In the 13th ACM SIGPLAN conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/286936.286981.

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Dougherty, Brian P., A. Hunter Fanney, and Mark W. Davis. "Measured Performance of Building Integrated Photovoltaic Panels: Round 2." In ASME 2004 International Solar Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isec2004-65154.

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Architects, building designers, and building owners presently lack sufficient resources for thoroughly evaluating the economic impact of building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV). The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is addressing this deficiency by evaluating computer models used to predict the electrical performance of BIPV components. To facilitate this evaluation, NIST is collecting long-term BIPV performance data that can be compared against predicted values. The long-term data, in addition, provides insight into the relative merits of different building integrated applications, helps to identify performance differences between cell technologies, and reveals seasonal variations. This paper adds to the slowly growing database of longterm performance data on BIPV components. Results from monitoring eight different building-integrated panels over a twelve-month period are summarized. The panels are installed vertically, face true-south, and are an integral part of the building’s shell. The eight panels comprise the second set of panels evaluated at the NIST test facility. Cell technologies evaluated as part of this second round of testing include single crystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon, and two thin film materials: tandem-junction amorphous silicon (2-a-Si) and copper-indium-diselenide (CIS). Two 2-a-Si panels and two CIS panels were monitored. For each pair of BIPV panels, one was insulated on its backside while the backside of the second panel was open to the indoor conditioned space. The panel with the backside thermal insulation experienced higher midday operating temperatures. The higher operating temperatures caused a greater dip in maximum power voltage. The maximum power current increased slightly for the 2-a-Si panel but remained virtually unchanged for the CIS panel. Three of the remaining four test specimens were custom-made panels having the same polycrystalline solar cells but different glazings. Two different polymer materials, Tefzel and Kynar, were tested along with 6 mm-thick, low-iron float glass. The two panels having the much thinner polymer front covers consistently outperformed the panel having the glass front. When compared on an annual basis, the energy production of each polymer-front panel was 8.5% higher than the glass-front panel. Comparison of panels of the same cell technology and comparisons between panels of different cell technologies are made on daily, monthly, and annual bases. Efficiency based on coverage area, which excludes the panel’s inactive border, is used for most “between” panel comparisons. Annual coverage-area conversion efficiencies for the vertically-installed BIPV panels range from a low of 4.6% for the 2-a-Si panels to a high of 12.2% for the two polycrystalline panels having the polymer front covers. The insulated single crystalline panel only slightly outperformed the insulated CIS panel, 10.1% versus 9.7%.
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Maxwell, Delle. "Building compelling VRML worlds (panel)." In the 23rd annual conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/237170.237303.

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Cabuk, Mesut, and Mohammad H. Naraghi. "Solar Panel Orientation Based on Building Power Consumption." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-37643.

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In the present work electric energy consumption of a typical building based on its cooling load for summers of five consecutive years were evaluated. The cooling load hourly variations were evaluated based on the eQuest software. It was determined that the peak electric energy consumption of the building occurs around 4:00PM during months of June, July and August. Then the clear sky model was used to determine the solar panel orientation to best match peak energy consumption. The best solar panel orientation to meet building’s peak demand is about 50 degrees tilt angle with azimuth angle of about between fifty and sixty degrees westward. The clearness index model is then used to evaluate the annual energy production of solar panel. It was determined that the annual energy production of the panel based on the present model is approximately 22–23% less than a southward orientation. The present model however, produces twice more electric power during peak demanding hours, when it is needed most.
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Fanney, A. Hunter, Brian P. Dougherty, and Mark W. Davis. "Measured Performance of Building Integrated Photovoltaic Panels." In ASME 2001 Solar Engineering: International Solar Energy Conference (FORUM 2001: Solar Energy — The Power to Choose). American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sed2001-138.

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Abstract The photovoltaic industry is experiencing rapid growth. Industry analysts project that photovoltaic sales will increase from their current $1.5 billion level to over $27 billion by 2020, representing an average growth rate of 25% [1]. To date, the vast majority of sales have been for navigational signals, call boxes, telecommunication centers, consumer products, off-grid electrification projects, and small grid-interactive residential rooftop applications. Building integrated photovoltaics, the integration of photovoltaic cells into one of more of the exterior surfaces of the building envelope, represents a small but growing photovoltaic application. In order for building owners, designers, and architects to make informed economic decisions regarding the use of building integrated photovoltaics, accurate predictive tools and performance data are needed. A building integrated photovoltaic test bed has been constructed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology to provide the performance data needed for model validation. The facility incorporates four identical pairs of building integrated photovoltaic panels constructed using single-crystalline, polycrystalline, silicon film, and amorphous silicon photovoltaic cells. One panel of each identical pair is installed with thermal insulation attached to its rear surface. The second paired panel is installed without thermal insulation. This experimental configuration yields results that quantify the effect of elevated cell temperature on the panels’ performance for different cell technologies. This paper presents the first set of experimental results from this facility. Comparisons are made between the electrical performance of the insulated and non-insulated panels for each of the four cell technologies. The monthly and overall conversion efficiencies for each cell technology are presented and the seasonal performance variations discussed. Daily efficiencies are presented for a selected month. Finally, hourly plots of the power output and panel temperatures are presented and discussed for the single-crystalline and amorphous silicon panels.
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Moga, Ligia, and Ioan Moga. "Considerations on the Thermal Modelling of Insulated Metal Panel Systems." In 7th International Building Physics Conference. Syracuse, New York: International Association of Building Physics (IABP), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.14305/ibpc.2018.ms-8.03.

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Carlsten, Nadia, Reed Sturtevant, Chris Wysopal, Andreas Kuehlmann, and Robert Cunningham. "Panel: Building a Business around Secure Development." In 2017 IEEE Cybersecurity Development (SecDev). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/secdev.2017.9.

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Bock, Thomas, Alexej Bulgakow, Dimitry Parshin, and Sergej Tkachev. "Robotic Mounting System for Large-Panel Building." In 21st International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction. International Association for Automation and Robotics in Construction (IAARC), 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.22260/isarc2004/0056.

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Davis, Mark W., A. Hunter Fanney, and Brian P. Dougherty. "Prediction of Building Integrated Photovoltaic Cell Temperatures." In ASME 2001 Solar Engineering: International Solar Energy Conference (FORUM 2001: Solar Energy — The Power to Choose). American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sed2001-140.

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Abstract A barrier to the widespread application of building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) is the lack of validated predictive performance tools. Architects and building owners need these tools in order to determine if the potential energy savings realized from building integrated photovoltaics justifies the additional capital expenditure. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) seeks to provide high quality experimental data that can be used to develop and validate these predictive performance tools. The temperature of a photovoltaic module affects its electrical output characteristics and efficiency. Traditionally, the temperature of solar cells has been characterized using the nominal operating cell temperature (NOCT), which can be used in conjunction with a calculation procedure to predict the module’s temperature for various environmental conditions. The NOCT procedure provides a representative prediction of the cell temperature, specifically for the ubiquitous rack-mounted installation. The procedure estimates the cell temperature based on the ambient temperature and the solar irradiance. It makes the approximation that the overall heat loss coefficient is constant. In other words, the temperature difference between the panel and the environment is linearly related to the heat flux on the panels (solar irradiance). The heat transfer characteristics of a rack-mounted PV module and a BIPV module can be quite different. The manner in which the module is installed within the building envelope influences the cell’s operating temperature. Unlike rack-mounted modules, the two sides of the modules may be subjected to significantly different environmental conditions. This paper presents a new technique to compute the operating temperature of cells within building integrated photovoltaic modules using a one-dimensional transient heat transfer model. The resulting predictions are compared to measured BIPV cell temperatures for two single crystalline BIPV panels (one insulated panel and one uninsulated panel). Finally, the results are compared to predictions using the NOCT technique.
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Welke, Richard J., Michael T. Vanecek, and Fred R. McFadden. "Building a successful academic is program (panel session)." In the 1996 ACM SIGCPR/SIGMIS conference, chair Robert W. Zmud. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/238857.372754.

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Reports on the topic "Building panel"

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Giamberardini, S. J. 308 Building electrical load list and panel schedules. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10189688.

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Wilke, Jason P. Effects of Various Blowout Panel Configurations on the Structural Response of LANL Building 16-340 to Internal Explosions. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/861280.

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Wilke, Jason P. Effects of Various Blowout Panel Configurations on the Structural Response of Los Alamos National Laboratory Building 16-340 to Internal Explosions. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/861281.

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Downes, Jane, ed. Chalcolithic and Bronze Age Scotland: ScARF Panel Report. Society for Antiquaries of Scotland, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.09.2012.184.

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The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarised under five key headings:  Building the Scottish Bronze Age: Narratives should be developed to account for the regional and chronological trends and diversity within Scotland at this time. A chronology Bronze Age Scotland: ScARF Panel Report iv based upon Scottish as well as external evidence, combining absolute dating (and the statistical modelling thereof) with re-examined typologies based on a variety of sources – material cultural, funerary, settlement, and environmental evidence – is required to construct a robust and up to date framework for advancing research.  Bronze Age people: How society was structured and demographic questions need to be imaginatively addressed including the degree of mobility (both short and long-distance communication), hierarchy, and the nature of the ‘family’ and the ‘individual’. A range of data and methodologies need to be employed in answering these questions, including harnessing experimental archaeology systematically to inform archaeologists of the practicalities of daily life, work and craft practices.  Environmental evidence and climate impact: The opportunity to study the effects of climatic and environmental change on past society is an important feature of this period, as both palaeoenvironmental and archaeological data can be of suitable chronological and spatial resolution to be compared. Palaeoenvironmental work should be more effectively integrated within Bronze Age research, and inter-disciplinary approaches promoted at all stages of research and project design. This should be a two-way process, with environmental science contributing to interpretation of prehistoric societies, and in turn, the value of archaeological data to broader palaeoenvironmental debates emphasised. Through effective collaboration questions such as the nature of settlement and land-use and how people coped with environmental and climate change can be addressed.  Artefacts in Context: The Scottish Chalcolithic and Bronze Age provide good evidence for resource exploitation and the use, manufacture and development of technology, with particularly rich evidence for manufacture. Research into these topics requires the application of innovative approaches in combination. This could include biographical approaches to artefacts or places, ethnographic perspectives, and scientific analysis of artefact composition. In order to achieve this there is a need for data collation, robust and sustainable databases and a review of the categories of data.  Wider Worlds: Research into the Scottish Bronze Age has a considerable amount to offer other European pasts, with a rich archaeological data set that includes intact settlement deposits, burials and metalwork of every stage of development that has been the subject of a long history of study. Research should operate over different scales of analysis, tracing connections and developments from the local and regional, to the international context. In this way, Scottish Bronze Age studies can contribute to broader questions relating both to the Bronze Age and to human society in general.
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Kang, Jong Woo, Tengfei Wang, and Dorothea Ramizo. The Role of Technology in Business-to-Consumer E-Commerce:Evidence from Asia. Asian Development Bank, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps210044-2.

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Using proprietary panel data, this paper investigates the possible drivers of business-to-consumer (B2C) online commerce growth. It provides empirical evidence that internet access and speed, online security, and financial inclusiveness facilitate internet retail sales. Governments can consider these findings as important issues in building an enabling environment for the development of B2C online commerce.
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Alan E. Bland. Ash-Based Building Panels Production and Demonstration of Aerock Decking Building Product. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/910142.

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TenWolde, A., J. D. McNatt, and L. Krahn. Thermal properties of wood and wood panel products for use in buildings. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6059532.

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Youngquist, John A., Brent E. English, Roger C. Scharmer, Poo Chow, and Steven R. Shook. Literature review on use of nonwood plant fibers for building materials and panels. Madison, WI: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/fpl-gtr-80.

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Cantisani, Gaetano, and Gaetano Della Corte. SEISMIC RESPONSE OF NON-CONFORMING SINGLE-STORY NON-RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS CONSIDERING ENVELOPE PANELS. The Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction, December 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18057/icass2018.p.089.

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Rusk, Todd, Ryan Siegel, Linda Larsen, Tim Lindsey, and Brian Deal. Technical and Financial Feasibility Study for Installation of Solar Panels at IDOT-owned Facilities. Illinois Center for Transportation, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-024.

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The Smart Energy Design Assistance Center assessed the administrative, technical, and economic aspects of feasibility related to the procurement and installation of photovoltaic solar systems on IDOT-owned buildings and lands. To address administrative feasibility, we explored three main ways in which IDOT could procure solar projects: power purchase agreement (PPA), direct purchase, and land lease development. Of the three methods, PPA and direct purchase are most applicable for IDOT. While solar development is not free of obstacles for IDOT, it is administratively feasible, and regulatory hurdles can be adequately met given suitable planning and implementation. To evaluate IDOT assets for solar feasibility, more than 1,000 IDOT sites were screened and narrowed using spatial analytic tools. A stakeholder feedback process was used to select five case study sites that allowed for a range of solar development types, from large utility-scale projects to small rooftop systems. To evaluate financial feasibility, discussions with developers and datapoints from the literature were used to create financial models. A large solar project request by IDOT can be expected to generate considerable attention from developers and potentially attractive PPA pricing that would generate immediate cash flow savings for IDOT. Procurement partnerships with other state agencies will create opportunities for even larger projects with better pricing. However, in the near term, it may be difficult for IDOT to identify small rooftop or other small on-site solar projects that are financially feasible. This project identified two especially promising solar sites so that IDOT can evaluate other solar site development opportunities in the future. This project also developed a web-based decision-support tool so IDOT can identify potential sites and develop preliminary indications of feasibility. We recommend that IDOT begin the process of developing at least one of their large sites to support solar electric power generation.
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