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1
Chang, Jing Yi, and Yean Der Kuan. "Application of CFD to Building Thermal Control Analysis." Applied Mechanics and Materials 271-272 (December 2012): 777–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.271-272.777.
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Building-integrated photovoltaic system is to import a photovoltaic panel system into the shell structure of a building by using building design techniques, so that the system constituents not only generate power, but are also a part of the building’s shell. If the photovoltaic panel is integrated with a sun shield, a power benefit could be obtained and both solar irradiation and the cooling load could be reduced. This study aimed to use CFD technology for analysis of building surface thermal control and flow field simulation, and further discuss the effects of the relative position of the sun and atmospheric wind flow field on the distribution of building surface temperatures and flow fields at different hours and in different seasons. Understanding the sun's position and other climatic conditions accurately is helpful for locating solar panels and solar collectors on buildings.
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Dougherty, Brian P., A. Hunter Fanney, and Mark W. Davis. "Measured Performance of Building Integrated Photovoltaic Panels—Round 2." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 127, no. 3 (October 28, 2004): 314–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1883237.
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Architects, building designers, and building owners presently lack sufficient resources for thoroughly evaluating the economic impact of building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV). The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is addressing this deficiency by evaluating computer models used to predict the electrical performance of BIPV components. To facilitate this evaluation, NIST is collecting long-term BIPV performance data that can be compared against predicted values. The long-term data, in addition, provides insight into the relative merits of different building integrated applications, helps to identify performance differences between cell technologies, and reveals seasonal variations. This paper adds to the slowly growing database of long-term performance data on BIPV components. Results from monitoring eight different building-integrated panels over a 12-month period are summarized. The panels are installed vertically, face true south, and are an integral part of the building’s shell. The eight panels comprise the second set of panels evaluated at the NIST test facility. Cell technologies evaluated as part of this second round of testing include single-crystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon, and two thin film materials: tandem-junction amorphous silicon (2-a-Si) and copper-indium-diselenide (CIS). Two 2-a-Si panels and two CIS panels were monitored. For each pair of BIPV panels, one was insulated on its back side while the back side of the second panel was open to the indoor conditioned space. The panel with the back side thermal insulation experienced higher midday operating temperatures. The higher operating temperatures caused a greater dip in maximum power voltage. The maximum power current increased slightly for the 2-a-Si panel but remained virtually unchanged for the CIS panel. Three of the remaining four test specimens were custom-made panels having the same polycrystalline solar cells but different glazings. Two different polymer materials were tested along with 6 mm-thick, low-iron float glass. The two panels having the much thinner polymer front covers consistently outperformed the panel having the glass front. When compared on an annual basis, the energy production of each polymer-front panel was 8.5% higher than the glass-front panel. Comparison of panels of the same cell technology and comparisons between panels of different cell technologies are made on daily, monthly, and annual bases. Efficiency based on coverage area, which excludes the panel’s inactive border, is used for most “between” panel comparisons. Annual coverage-area conversion efficiencies for the vertically-installed BIPV panels range from a low of 4.6% for the 2-a-Si panels to a high of 12.2% for the two polycrystalline panels having the polymer front covers. The insulated single crystalline panel only slightly outperformed the insulated CIS panel, 10.1% versus 9.7%.
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Lea, Doug, David Forslund, Tom Barry, Don Vines, Rajendra Raj, and Ashutosh Tiwary. "Building distributed systems (panel)." ACM SIGPLAN Notices 33, no. 10 (October 1998): 412–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/286942.286981.
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Lyublinskiy, Valery, and Andrzej Ubysz. "Stress-strain state panel buildings and welded butt joints." E3S Web of Conferences 263 (2021): 02015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126302015.
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The constructive basis of a multi-story building is the spatial bearing system of buildings. In accordance with the chosen mathematical apparatus of the study, the spatial load-bearing system of a multi-storey building is a discrete vertical reinforced concrete structure formed by shear walls, and united by constant height connections with certain deformability. The above elements of the building support system provide strength, stability and durability of the structure as a whole. The spatial operation of the system is manifested in the fact that when loading one of its elements, other elements are included in the work. The purpose of the present study is to assess the influence shear bonds of the building’s bearing system on its stress-strain state using a specific building.
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Pramono, Tri Joko, Erlina Erlina, Zainal Arifin, and Jef Saragih. "Pemanfaatan Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Surya Pada Gedung Bertingkat." KILAT 9, no. 1 (April 25, 2020): 115–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.33322/kilat.v9i1.888.
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Solar Power Plant is one of the New Renewable Energy power plants. Solar panels can produce unlimited amounts of electrical energy directly taken from the sun, with no rotating parts and no fuel. In this study are optimize solar power plants using hybrid systems with electricity companies and the use of semi-transparent solar panels in high rise buildings to meet the burden of the building. The research will discussed about use of solar power plants using semi-transparent solar panels in multi-storey buildings. The solar panel used for the facade is a semi-transparent solar panel makes its function become two, that is to produce electrical energy as well as glass through which sunlight and can see the view outside the building without reducing the building's aesthetic value. In this study is the value of solar radiation taken from west is the lowest value in November 1.4 Kwh can produce energy PLTS 3,855 Kwh and the highest solar radiation in July amounted to 3.75 Kwh can produce energy PLTS 10.331 Kwh. From the utilization of this PLTS system, Performance Ratio of 85% was obtained using study of 36 panels on the 3rd to 5th floors, this system can be said to feasible.
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Kim, Amy A., Dorothy A. Reed, Youngjun Choe, Shuoqi Wang, and Carolina Recart. "New Building Cladding System Using Independent Tilted BIPV Panels with Battery Storage Capability." Sustainability 11, no. 20 (October 9, 2019): 5546. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11205546.
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In order to meet renewable energy goals in the near future, the deployment of photovoltaic (PV) panels on buildings will dramatically increase. The objective of this paper is to introduce an improved design for PV cladding systems that will greatly contribute to meeting these renewable energy goals. Typically, building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) panels are vertically oriented as cladding and they are not coupled with individual storage batteries. The proposed cladding couples a tilted BIPV panel with one or more storage batteries at each building placement. Thus, the tilted BIPV plus battery system is independent of other power generation in the building and it is referred to as a “building perma-power link” (BPPL) cladding element. Each cladding panel is designed as a stand-alone system, which will be useful for installation, operation, and maintenance. The hyper-redundancy of multiple BPPL cladding panels for a typical building significantly enhances its overall energy resiliency. In order to foster manufacturing ease, each individual cladding unit has been designed at tilts of 45° and 60°. An example of a mid-rise building in Seattle, Washington is provided. The degree of building energy resiliency provided through multiple BPPLs is examined.
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Chen, Wen Su, and Hong Hao. "A Study of Corrolink Structural Insulated Panel (SIP) to Windborne Debris Impacts." Key Engineering Materials 626 (August 2014): 68–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.626.68.
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Structural insulated panel (SIP) is considered as a green panel in construction industry because of the low thermal conductivity of the sandwiched EPS core (i.e extended polystyrene). It is a lightweight composite structure and is widely used in commercial, industrial and residential buildings to construct the building envelop including roof and wall. The windborne debris driven by cyclone or hurricane usually imposes intensive localized impact on the structural panel, which might create opening to the structure. The opening on the building envelope might cause internal pressures increase and result in substantial damage to the building structures, such as roof lifting up and wall collapse. The Australian Wind Loading Code (version 2011) [1] requires structural panels to resist projectile debris impact at a velocity equal to 40% of the wind speed, which could be more than 40 m/s in the tropical area with the wind speed more than 100m/s. In this study, two kinds of SIP under projectile debris impact were investigated, i.e. “Corrolink” and “Double-corrolink” composite panels shown in Fig. 1. Laboratory tests were carried out by using pneumatic cannon testing system to investigate the dynamic response of composite panels subjected to wooden projectile impacts. The failure modes were observed. The structural dynamic responses were also examined quantitatively based on the deformation and strain time histories measured in the tests. The penetration resistance capacity of panels subjected to windborne debris impact was assessed.Fig. 1 Schematic diagrams (L) Corrolink panel; (R) Double-corrolink panel [2]
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Bosák, Lukáš, and Milan Palko. "Wall Panel Made of Bio-composites." MATEC Web of Conferences 279 (2019): 02010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201927902010.
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Sustainability is currently an important part of the building industry. The development of new building constructions and the use of ecological materials is a very popular topic in this area. One example of organic material are natural fibres bio-composites. Bio-composite materials are currently used in the form of laminates mainly used in the sport and furniture industries. This article addresses their use in the building industry as the outer envelope of buildings. The article deals with the testing of the influence of UV radiation and moisture on the degradation of Bio-composites with recommendation of possible ways of their protection. In the next section, it deals with the design of composite wall panel with Bio-composite laminates on the top layer. This panel will contain mycelium as thermal insulation. The assumption of the use of this type of construction in the building industry is based on the possibility of replacing conventional materials used nowadays and reducing the environmental load by the building industry. The use of new types of eco-friendly building materials is in accordance with the EU strategy.
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Boscato, Giosuè, Alessandra Dal Cin, and Riccardo Destro. "Structural Behaviour and Comparison of CGF Panels." Advanced Materials Research 900 (February 2014): 463–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.900.463.
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A CGF Panel (Concrete Glulam Framed Panel) is a concrete panel with a glued laminated timber frame. The experimentation on this new construction system at LabSCo (Laboratory of Strength of Materials) of IUAV University of Venice, inspired a wide research on buildings made of this construction system investigating in different aspect of building behaviour: particularly about mechanical property of the materials, mechanical of the system and building physics. This paper presents the results of quasi-static in-plane tests on single panel and configurations of some different panels. The tests in the laboratory are used for measuring the in-plane strength and stiffness of individual panels and wall sections consist of some panels in order to verify and measure the behavior of the connections between the various parts of the single panel and the connection between the panels. Thanks to the results obtained it was possible carry out the FE model to calibrate the characteristics in relation to experimental data. Finally, in order to compare this constructive system with the well known X-lam systems, on the basis of the calibration of the models we were able to set up a comparable FE model with those of the X-lam wall described in the publication: "Quasi-Static and Pseudo-Dynamic Tests on XLAM Walls and Buildings " inherent in the SOFIE project coordinated by the CNR-IVALSA (Italian National Research Council - Trees and Timber Institute)
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Zhou, Ao, Kwun-Wah Wong, and Denvid Lau. "Thermal Insulating Concrete Wall Panel Design for Sustainable Built Environment." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/279592.
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Air-conditioning system plays a significant role in providing users a thermally comfortable indoor environment, which is a necessity in modern buildings. In order to save the vast energy consumed by air-conditioning system, the building envelopes in envelope-load dominated buildings should be well designed such that the unwanted heat gain and loss with environment can be minimized. In this paper, a new design of concrete wall panel that enhances thermal insulation of buildings by adding a gypsum layer inside concrete is presented. Experiments have been conducted for monitoring the temperature variation in both proposed sandwich wall panel and conventional concrete wall panel under a heat radiation source. For further understanding the thermal effect of such sandwich wall panel design from building scale, two three-story building models adopting different wall panel designs are constructed for evaluating the temperature distribution of entire buildings using finite element method. Both the experimental and simulation results have shown that the gypsum layer improves the thermal insulation performance by retarding the heat transfer across the building envelopes.
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Lombardo, Grazia. "The Seismic Coat: A Sustainable and Integrated Approach to the Retrofit of Existing Buildings." Sustainability 13, no. 11 (June 7, 2021): 6466. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13116466.
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Within the EU’s environmental policy, redevelopment strategies must be designed by adopting an integrated approach. This approach considers energy savings in buildings and seismic safety as driving forces of economic growth. The recent technological evolution experienced by the construction sector has aimed to define a new building element, the seismic coat. This term refers to a structural “skin” that improves both the seismic safety and the energy efficiency of existing buildings according to standards identified by current regulations. With this regard, research was started with the aim of defining a sustainable seismic coat consisting of dry-assembled panels of natural stone blocks that are prestressed with the use of steel reinforcements. The experimentation carried out on the panel so far has shown significant results as the test building improved in terms of energy savings, seismic safety, sustainability, functionality, and aesthetic quality. By taking a case study of a 1960s building as reference, this paper highlights the findings obtained by the feasibility study of the panel, with a special focus on its technical and construction aspects, and to facilitate its manufacture with the use of industrialized processes. Furthermore, this research provides the installation procedures for the panel components and all relevant details regarding the connections with the existing structure of the building.
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Kuleshov, Igor V., and Aleksandr M. Pishchukhin. "Optimum Order Management of Building Structures in Panel Building." Materials Science Forum 931 (September 2018): 1255–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.931.1255.
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The study is devoted to the development of an algorithm for the optimal management of the volumes of orders for various building structures and their stock in the warehouse of a construction site. The state of the warehouse is described by a first-order differential equation, the functional is compiled using Prof. Letov's method of analytical construction of optimal regulators (ACOR), the solution is carried out by the Euler-Lagrange method. Based on previous studies of the optimal number of links in the construction team, the optimal dependences of the volumes of orders and stocks on the time of installation of the panel building have been obtained. As a result, it was found that all the dependencies show a monotonous tendency to zero as they approach the end of installation, increasing the intensity of installation increases the volume of orders and reduces the concavity of the stock schedule, increasing the contribution of order quantities in the functional increases both of these parameters.
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Gaggino, Rosana, and Ricardo Gustavo Arguello. "Building Components Made from Recycled Plastics." Key Engineering Materials 600 (March 2014): 615–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.600.615.
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The problem being investigated was to develop an economical, environmentally friendly, and quality panel made from recycled plastics. The objective of this work was to contribute to decontaminating the environment, and to solving the housing shortage in our country. The developed products were panels for housing and equipment. They were manufactured by recycling plastic materials from food, perfumery or cleaning packaging, waste production from factories due to failures in sheet thickness or ink application. It thus contributes to decontaminating the environment, since most of this waste is buried in municipal land without any use, or accumulated and burned in landfills, causing environmental degradation. The technical properties of these panels were established by laboratory testing. A comparison was made between their main technical properties and other conventional panels made with wood particles, available in the is panel does not swell under water, unlike conventional panels. The percentage of water absorption is lower than that of conventional panels. The flexural resistance is is almost equal to that of an uncoated particle board. The density is higher than that of conventional panels made with wood particles. The components obtained have environmental advantages with regard to other conventional ones, since they reduce plastic waste that causes pollution, instead of using up natural resources.
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Zhao, Kao Zhong, Feng Wang, and Xiao Feng Bian. "Experimental Study on Concrete-Filled Glass Fiber Reinforced Gypsum Wall Panel Compression Members." Advanced Materials Research 446-449 (January 2012): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.446-449.16.
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The concrete-filled glass fiber reinforced gypsum wall panel is a kind of panel that the inside cavums of the glass fiber hollow gypsum panel are filled with concrete, which can be used as the bearing wall of a building. The influences of eccentricity distance and height to thickness ratio on the bearing capacity of the compression wall panels were studied, and the failure mechanism and bearing capacity of compression wall panels were gained through the experiments of twenty-seven(nine groups) axial compression wall panel specimens and twenty-seven(nine groups) eccentric compression wall panel specimens. The analysis results indicate that the bearing capacity of compression wall panels is obviously affected by the eccentricity distance and height to thickness ratio, and there is a linear relation between bearing capacity and eccentricity distance. The bearing capacity calculation formula of the concrete-filled glass fiber reinforced gypsum wall panel is obtained by regression analysis, which provides reliable gist for structural design of concrete-filled glass fiber reinforced gypsum wall panel buildings.
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Tolkin, Axmedov. "Reconstruction of 5-storey large panel buildings, use of atmospheric precipitation water for technical purposes in the building." American Journal of Applied sciences 02, no. 12 (December 27, 2020): 86–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajas/volume02issue12-14.
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This article provides basic information on engineering selection and beautification of urban areas where 5-storey residential buildings should be built in response to emergencies in ways to increase the energy efficiency of buildings using atmospheric water for technical purposes.
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Ovsyannikov, Sergey I., and Vladislav Yurevich Dyachenko. "Fire Resistance Evaluation of Pressed Straw Building Envelopes." Materials Science Forum 974 (December 2019): 237–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.974.237.
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Ecological construction has a tendency to increase. One of its directions is the straw bale-house. The safety of such buildings is based on increasing the fire resistance of pressed straw panels. In order to increase the fire resistance of such panels, they are plastered with a clay-lime mixture, treated with flame retardants and antipyrenes. The protective equipment effect on the fire resistance is not fully understood. Therefore, the work considers evaluation issues of the fire resistance in pressed straw building envelopes, depending on the plaster layer thickness, the straw pressing density and the flame retardants treatment. The study found that with a panel thickness of 450 mm, the straw density in the range of 110-140 kg/m3, clay plaster thickness of 30 mm ensure integrity, insulating and load-carrying capacity. The temperature on the panel rear side did not exceed 67 °C. The pressed straw density has almost no effect on the panel fire resistance. Antipyrenes treatment improves flammability from 18% to 37-42% that makes it possible to classify the samples as hardly combustible materials.
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Zhao, Chun Zhi, Yi Liu, Quan Jiang, and Shi Wei Ren. "Ecological Design of New Type Aluminum-Plastic Composite Panel Based on LCA." Materials Science Forum 898 (June 2017): 2033–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.898.2033.
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Aluminum-plastic composite panel is a kind of new type energy-saving and environmental-friendly curtain wall decorative material and is widely used in building exterior wall, curtain wall board, old building reconstruction and renovation and other projects. With the development and improvement of production and application technology, the performance and function of aluminum-plastic composite panel products are constantly optimized. Especially at the present, all countries in the world have increasingly strict requirements on fire safety, and the fire safety standards of buildings also have been improved continuously. Against this background, manufacturing enterprises have been actively developing new techniques and manufacturing new type aluminum-plastic composite panel, and have significantly improved the fireproof and flame-retardant properties of products on the basis of ensuring all the performance levels of products being acceptable. In this paper, the life cycle environmental impact of new type aluminum-plastic panels in three different ecological designs are compared based on life cycle assessment (LCA), and the suggestions on optimizing ecological design are proposed in combination with the performance indicator of aluminum-plastic composite panel, so it has important guiding significance for developing ecological design in industry of metal composite decorative panels.
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Yan, Mao, Li Zhu, Yi Ping Wang, and Ming Ze Zhu. "Heating and Cooling Performance of Building Integrated Solar Roof Panels." Advanced Materials Research 168-170 (December 2010): 1735–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.168-170.1735.
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With the high proportion of building energy consumption in the total energy consumption, it is of great importance to relieve the shortage of conventional energy resources and improve the building environment by incorporating solar energy into buildings. A new type solar roof panels were designed and tested in the present paper, which perfectly achieves the integration of solar equipment with building envelope. This panel can act as the construction component for building envelope and completely removes the double-skin mode for conventional solar equipment, as well as the functional equipment for heating and cooling collecting. Corrugated colored steel roof panel was tested under various climate conditions and operation conditions. The results show that in a typical sunny day the average heat collecting efficiency is 49% and the average cooling capacity is 100W/m2. In a cloudy day, the average heat collecting efficiency is 41% and the average cooling capacity is 84W/m2.
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Santosa ; Anastasia Maurina, Vivi Yani. "KNOCK DOWN BAMBOO WALL PANEL." Riset Arsitektur (RISA) 2, no. 02 (June 4, 2018): 214–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.26593/risa.v2i02.2926.214-231.
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Abstract - Indonesia often experiences natural disasters, therefore a transitional residential building is needed forvictims who are able to build quickly and easily in mobilization. Bamboo is a local material that exists in Indonesiaand has a high sustainability to be used as building materials. The appropriate principle between thecharacteristics of bamboo and the needs of transitional buildings where used as wall materials. The knock downbamboo wall panel is the answer of the need for fast and easy work in mobilization.The research method used isqualitative descriptive of two study object and design experiment of prototype 1: 1 . Researchers will conduct astudy of bamboo walls on two study objects Blooming Bamboo Home dan Soe Ker Tie House, also meetings ofany deficiencies and advantages from aspects of form, function and context, and construction. Forms includematerial used, basic dimensional modules, wall weight, and the ability to re-modify walls. Functions and Contextsinclude the space privacy, resistance, and behavior of walls against wind, solar heat, lighting, and rain.Construction covers the way of bamboo processing into wall panels, connection systems, and can be donemassively by the crowd. Potential bamboo wall variants to be explored will be evaluated and developed for thebetter and new alternative of other wall panels also considered.The most efficient bamboo knock down panels arebamboo slats and woven bamboo booths as massive walls, woven bamboo and bamboo modified blades I as semiopen walls, modified bamboo blades II and polikarbonate as open walls. The most appropriate connection systemused in knock down bamboo wall panels is the gypsum screw connection for bamboo wall panel frame joints, boltnuts and iron plates for knock down bamboo wall panel connections with structures and connections betweenwall panels.Keywords : Knock down, Bamboo, Sustainable, Wall panel
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Chen, Zhou, Zhao Feng Chen, Jin Lian Qiu, Teng Zhou Xu, and Jie Ming Zhou. "Vacuum Insulation Panel for Green Building." Applied Mechanics and Materials 71-78 (July 2011): 607–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.71-78.607.
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Vacuum insulation panel is regarded as one of the most promising high performance thermal insulation materials for green building. It has extremely low thermal conductivity and its insulation performance is a factor of four to eight times better than that of conventional insulation such as mineral wool or polymer foams. The high thermal resistivity of VIP provides new solutions for slim but still energy efficient building envelopes. Although VIP has widely been used in refrigerators and freezers for a long time, it has only recently been discovered by the building sector. There is not yet any alternative for conventional thermal insulation materials in many countries, especially in China. This paper attempts to investigate the components, features and advantages of VIP for building, it will be helpful to the development of green building.
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Samsudin, Emedya Murniwaty, Lokman Hakim Ismail, Aeslina Abd Kadir, Ida Norfaslia Nasidi, and Noor Sahidah Samsudin. "Rating of Sound Absorption for EFBMF Acoustic Panels according to ISO 11654:1997." MATEC Web of Conferences 150 (2018): 03002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201815003002.
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Empty fruit bunch fibre (EFB) and mesocarp fibre (MF) have been used in the fabrication of a new acoustic panel as a sound absorber for building. Measurements were carried out following ISO 354 in the mini reverberation chamber and the sound absorption performance of EFBMF acoustic panels were rated based on ISO 11654. Measurements of the new EFBMF acoustic panel involves five panel designs of 100 EFB dust panels, 80:20 dust panels, 100MF coir panels, 90:10 coir panels and 50:50 coir panels with 5 cm of initial thickness. Results showed that 100MF coir panel achieved αw of 0.90 coefficient and was rated as Class A absorber followed by 90:10 coir panels with αw of 0.85 coefficient and 100 EFB dust, 80:20 dust and 50:50 coir panels having αw of 0.80 coefficients and been rated as Class B absorber. This research has successfully defined that EFB and MF are viable to be used as raw fibre for acoustic absorber for building.
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Briones-Llorente, Raúl, Verónica Calderón, Sara Gutiérrez-González, Eduardo Montero, and Ángel Rodríguez. "Testing of the Integrated Energy Behavior of Sustainable Improved Mortar Panels with Recycled Additives by Means of Energy Simulation." Sustainability 11, no. 11 (June 3, 2019): 3117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11113117.
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Present waste management policies aim to reduce waste environmental impacts and improve resources’ efficiency. The use of waste and recycled materials to develop green construction materials are attracting researchers worldwide to develop new solutions addressed to increase the sustainability of buildings. This work presents a study of a new recycled mortar panel from the point of view of its contribution to the sustainability of buildings. Materials from industrial waste, as rigid polyurethane foam and electric arc furnace slags, are used as an additive of prefabricated mortar panels. The new proposed panels must have good thermal behavior with respect to the heat transfer interactions with the outside temperature and relative humidity, when compared to traditional brick or concrete. A test building with two kinds of representative uses, which are both residential and tertiary, and located in three cities of Spain with different climates, will be energy simulated in order to assess the thermal behavior of new construction or refurbished opaque ventilated façades with the new mortar panel. The thermal behavior of the new mortar panels would be studied by means of two energy assessments: (i) the evaluation of the influence of the new mortar panel in the energy demand of the whole building when compared to traditional materials, and (ii) the detailed analysis of the transient inner surface temperature of the space walls when using the new mortar panel. Based on the results obtained from the energy simulations performed, it follows that the thermal behavior of the mortar panel is, at least, equivalent to those of the other two materials, and even better in some aspects.
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Kracka, Modestas, and Edmundas Kazimieras Zavadskas. "PANEL BUILDING REFURBISHMENT ELEMENTS EFFECTIVE SELECTION BY APPLYING MULTIPLE-CRITERIA METHODS." International Journal of Strategic Property Management 17, no. 2 (June 27, 2013): 210–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/1648715x.2013.808283.
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Sustainable development has taken on a new concept: building maintenance, materials production, buildings demolition to determine the amount of energy and resources. This paper presents the process of effective selection of building elements for renovation which are important for energy effectiveness of buildings. Multi-criteria MOORA and MULTIMOORA methods has been adapt for problems solving with interval data. The paper presents a theoretical model of practice design renovation solutions evaluated. The theoretical model can also be applied to practical solutions to assess new construction planning stage, and other life-building processes.
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Malesza, Jaroslaw, Czeslaw Miedzialowski, and Leonas Ustinovichius. "ANALYTICAL MODEL TRACING DEFORMATIONS IN MULTISTOREY LARGE TIMBER PANEL BUILDING." JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 25, no. 1 (January 22, 2019): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/jcem.2019.7738.
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This paper deals with the deformation characteristics of wood-framed residential, small commercial and hotel buildings with sheathing. Recent building structures are based on large panel or modular technology, where elements in the form of diaphragms or modules are constructed in an industrial plant and then transported to the site for assembly. The document presents diagrams of building assembly and technologies for realization. The significant influence of excessive vertical deformations in multistorey wood-framed buildings on their performance and serviceability is underlined. These deformations are caused by different factors which are identified and analytically described. The paper outlines the analytically complex model for the evaluation and control of deformations in the design, construction and exploitation of multistorey wood-framed buildings. An example of the application of the proposed analytical model at the design stage concludes the paper.
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Zhao, Chun Zhi, Yi Liu, Quan Jiang, and Shi Wei Ren. "Test and Optimal Design of New Type Aluminum-Plastic Composite Panel." Key Engineering Materials 726 (January 2017): 591–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.726.591.
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Aluminum-plastic composite panel is a kind of new type energy-saving and environmental-friendly curtain wall decorative material, and is widely used in building exterior wall, curtain wall board, old building reconstruction and renovation and other projects. With the development and improvement of production and application technology, the performance and functions of aluminum-plastic composite panel products have been optimized continuously; especially at present, all countries in the world have more and more strict requirements on fire safety, and the fire safety standards of buildings also have been improved continuously. In this context, all the manufacturing enterprises have been actively developing new techniques to produce new type aluminum-plastic composite panels, and have significantly improved the fireproof and flame-retardant properties of the products on the basis of ensuring all the performance levels of the products being acceptable. This paper proposes optimal design suggestions via detection analysis on three groups of aluminum-plastic composite panel samples, and is of important practical significance to the research and development of the aluminum-plastic composite panel with low-combustion-heat and flame-retardant core material.
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Fanney, A. Hunter, Brian P. Dougherty, and Mark W. Davis. "Measured Performance of Building Integrated Photovoltaic Panels*." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 123, no. 3 (March 1, 2001): 187–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1385824.
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The photovoltaic industry is experiencing rapid growth. Industry analysts project that photovoltaic sales will increase from their current $1.5 billion level to over $27 billion by 2020, representing an average growth rate of 25%. (Cook et. al. 2000)[1]. To date, the vast majority of sales have been for navigational signals, call boxes, telecommunication centers, consumer products, off-grid electrification projects, and small grid-interactive residential rooftop applications. Building integrated photovoltaics, the integration of photovoltaic cells into one or more of the exterior surfaces of the building envelope, represents a small but growing photovoltaic application. In order for building owners, designers, and architects to make informed economic decisions regarding the use of building integrated photovoltaics, accurate predictive tools and performance data are needed. A building integrated photovoltaic test bed has been constructed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology to provide the performance data needed for model validation. The facility incorporates four identical pairs of building integrated photovoltaic panels constructed using single-crystalline, polycrystalline, silicon film, and amorphous silicon photovoltaic cells. One panel of each identical pair is installed with thermal insulation attached to its rear surface. The second paired panel is installed without thermal insulation. This experimental configuration yields results that quantify the effect of elevated cell temperature on the panels’ performance for different cell technologies. This paper presents the first set of experimental results from this facility. Comparisons are made between the electrical performance of the insulated and non-insulated panels for each of the four cell technologies. The monthly and overall conversion efficiencies for each cell technology are presented and the seasonal performance variations discussed. Daily efficiencies are presented for a selected month. Finally, plots of the power output and panel temperatures are presented and discussed for the single-crystalline and amorphous silicon panels.
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GORDEEVA, T. E. "SPECIALITIES REPLANNING APARTMENT IN LARGE-PANEL HOUSE." Urban construction and architecture 3, no. 3 (September 15, 2013): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.17673/vestnik.2013.03.11.
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There is the speciality replanning apartment in largepanel frameless buildings by dismantling santehkabiny and combining the separate bathrooms in a single room. The need to keep the design features of the building except the temperature and humidity outside of the wall panel.
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Nikolaev, V. N., V. F. Stepanova, and A. V. Mikhailova. "Innovative Energy-Saving Sandwich-Panels for Industrial Construction." Stroitel'nye Materialy 787, no. 12 (2020): 47–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.31659/0585-430x-2020-787-12-47-51.
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Today, large-panel housing construction occupies a leading position, both in terms of construction speed and sales, which contributes to an increase in the volume of precast concrete housing construction. Outdated series of large-panel houses do not meet modern requirements. Old faceless panel houses are gradually replaced by beautiful housing complexes with different types of facades. At present, in the technology of construction of panel houses from sandwich-panels, the relevant trend is to reduce the standard thickness of the facade layer of a three-layer sandwich-panel (GOST 31310–2015 “ Three-Layer Reinforced Concrete Wall Panels with Effective Insulation. General Technical Conditions”) from 70 mm to 40 mm or less. Panel houses require a reduction in metal consumption, material consumption and improvement of thermal characteristics. This requires the development and implementation of new materials. The use of such construction products made of composite materials as diagonal flexible composite connections, flexible mounting loops and composite reinforcement mesh will make it possible to reduce the thickness of the protective layer of concrete without compromising the stability of the structure under the influence of the external environment due to the high corrosion resistance of the composite, reduce the weight of the panel, reduce the cost of manufacturing a unit of panel, increase the energy efficiency of the panel, ensure long-term strength of enclosing structures – create an innovative energy-efficient reinforced concrete sandwich panel of the XXI century.
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Thomas, Daniel, Susan C. Mantell, Jane H. Davidson, Louise F. Goldberg, and John Carmody. "Analysis of Sandwich Panels for an Energy Efficient and Self-Supporting Residential Roof." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 128, no. 3 (November 4, 2005): 338–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2210503.
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The structural and thermal feasibility of a self-supporting sandwich panel for energy efficient residential roof applications is assessed. The assessment is limited to symmetric sandwich panels comprising two face sheets and an insulating core. Feasible panel designs are presented for loading conditions, corresponding to southern and northern climates in the United States. The base case panel is 5.5m long for a nominal 4.6m horizontal span and an 8∕12 roof pitch. Face sheet materials considered are oriented strand board, steel, and fiber reinforced plastic. Core materials considered are expanded polystyrene, extruded polystyrene, polyurethane, and poly(vinyl-chloride) foams. A wide range of material options meet building code limits on deflection and weight and prevent face sheet fracture and buckling, and core shear failure. Panels are identified that have structural depths similar to conventional wood rafter construction. Shortening the overall panel length provides greater choice in the use of materials and decreases the required panel thickness. Suggestions for improved panel designs address uncertainty in the ability of the plastic core to withstand long term loading over the expected life of residential buildings.
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Kuhnhenne, Markus, Vitali Reger, Dominik Pyschny, and Bernd Döring. "Influence of airtightness of steel sandwich panel joints on heat losses." E3S Web of Conferences 172 (2020): 05008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017205008.
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Energy saving ordinances requires that buildings must be designed in such a way that the heat transfer surface including the joints is permanently air impermeable. The prefabricated roof and wall panels in lightweight steel constructions are airtight in the area of the steel covering layers. The sealing of the panel joints contributes to fulfil the comprehensive requirements for an airtight building envelope. To improve the airtightness of steel sandwich panels, additional sealing tapes can be installed in the panel joint. The influence of these sealing tapes was evaluated by measurements carried out by the RWTH Aachen University - Sustainable Metal Building Envelopes. Different installation situations were evaluated by carrying out airtightness tests for different joint distances. In addition, the influence on the heat transfer coefficient was also evaluated using the Finite Element Method (FEM). The combination of obtained air volume flow and transmission losses enables to create an "effective heat transfer coefficient" due to transmission and infiltration. This summarizes both effects in one value and is particularly helpful for approximate calculations on energy efficiency.
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Ju, Xiaoyu, Xiaodong Zhou, Kun Zhao, Fei Peng, and Lizhong Yang. "Experimental study on fire behaviors of flexible photovoltaic panels using a cone calorimeter." Journal of Fire Sciences 36, no. 1 (November 10, 2017): 63–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734904117740855.
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Photovoltaic arrays are mounted on the surfaces of modern buildings to harness renewable energy. When a building catches fire, burning photovoltaic panels could worsen an already very hazardous environment. This work deals with the effect of building flame radiation on the fire behaviors of flexible photovoltaic panel installed in building-integrated photovoltaic systems. Cone calorimeter tests were conducted in air with a piloted ignition. The influence of heat flux on photovoltaic fire properties was studied. Several characteristic parameters are systematically determined or calculated, including ignition time, critical heat flux, mass loss rate, gasification heat, heat release rate, and effective heat of combustion. Thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry test was conducted to identify the decomposition mechanism. The comparison of fire properties of photovoltaic and polyethylene terephthalate + tedlar-polyester-tedlar and thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry analysis reveal that polyethylene terephthalate is the main component responsible for decomposition and burning of flexible photovoltaic panel.
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Petrov, Alexander, Vitaly Peshkov, and Alexander Petunin. "Industrial technologies of reconstruction of large-panel buildings of the 1-335 series." MATEC Web of Conferences 212 (2018): 04009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201821204009.
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Technological and constructive decisions of modernization and reconstruction of large-panel buildings of the first mass buildings are considered in the article. The technology of the reinforced concrete diaphragms of the building hardness brings the seismic stability of the building to the normative level. The technologies of erecting a building with bay windows, as well as the construction of attic floors by the method of mounting bulk units enlarged onto the span have been developed. The folding volumetric blocks and the technology of their installation are proposed. The analysis of reconstructive works in two variants showed their rationality and financial attractiveness in comparison with the dismantling of buildings.
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Ibragimov, Ruslan, Marat Badrutdinov, Natalya Pugacheva, Svetlana Kashina, and Reda Farah. "Optimization of construction time regulations for large-panel residential buildings." E3S Web of Conferences 274 (2021): 06005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127406005.
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The need to modernize residential construction technologies is an imperative for reducing labour, material, technical, fuel and energy resources. The purpose of the study is to optimize the construction time regulations for the large-panel residential buildings by synchronizing construction flows. The methodological basis contains the principles of climatic zoning for building construction and technical regulation, affecting the particular features of architectural design and the construction schedule. A technique for the combination of maximum allowable types of work under continuous construction arrangement has been developed and coefficient of combination of different types of work for construction flows synchronization has been determined. The practical significance of the study is to improve the process of exterior wall panels installation, provided that an integrated regulation model based on the Spider Project software package is used. The social significance of the study is to make the reduction of the construction time and saving resources possible. The originality of the study is that the combining of different work types during the installation of exterior wall panels of a large-panel residential building has been justified. The need for creation of regional regulations for the construction time has been proved.
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Thaib, Razali, Hamdani Umar, and T. Azuar Rizal. "Experimental Study of the Use of Phase Change Materials as Cooling Media on Photovoltaic Panels." European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research 6, no. 3 (April 12, 2021): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2021.6.3.2405.
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Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) is a combination of electrical technology from photovoltaic solar panels (PV) with building construction. The PV panel was mounted onto the frames attached to the building's main outer wall. When solar radiation energy comes into contact on the PV surface, some part is reflected in the surroundings while mostly absorbed in the PV panel. The energy absorbed is converted into electricity while the rest dissipates into thermal energy, which increases the surface temperature of PV. The increases in the panels' surface temperature negatively impact the electrical output and PV panels' long-term reliability. One of them is the use of phase change materials (PCM) as heat storage materials. This research also emphasizes the use of beeswax as a material for storing heat energy. Using the T-History method by fusing beeswax, show that the temperature range between 49,40 to 57.15 oC with latent enthalpy 151.65 kJ/kg. In this research, we tested the use of PCM as a heat storage material for PV panels. Two types of containers to accommodate PCM are used, triangular containers and semicircular containers. From the test results, it was found that beeswax can function well as a heat storage so that the surface temperature of the PV + PCM panel is lower than that of standard PV. So that the voltage generated is higher than standard PV panels.
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Rybakov, Vladimir, Anatoly Seliverstov, and Oybek Vakhidov. "Fire resistance of lightweight steel-concrete slab panels under high-temperature exposure." E3S Web of Conferences 264 (2021): 02003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126402003.
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Lightweight steel concrete structures (LSCS) - an innovative energy-efficient building structure type that can be used both as load-bearing and as enclosing one. They consist of profiled steel - usually galvanized and cold-bent - filled with a monolithic foam concrete with a 400kg/m3 density and with fiber cement sheets sheathing. These structures can be used in industrial and civil buildings as internal and external bearing and enclosing wall structures and as slabs, energy-efficient roof covering. According to the LSCS production method, prefabricated panels (walls and slabs) and building site performed constructions are distinguished. The paper presents the testing results with the aim to determine the fire resistance limit of a slab panel fragment by bearing capacity (R), loss of integrity (E), loss of heat insulating capability (I) and fire hazard class. Two samples of a slab panel fragment were selected for the fire resistance high-temperature tests. The actual fire resistance limit of samples of the slab panel fragment is at least REI 60 with a uniformly distributed load 4 kN/m2.
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L.M.F, Purwanto, and Darmawan A.M.S. "Designing building materials of plastic waste panel." International Journal of Recent Scientific Research 08, no. 04 (April 28, 2017): 16430–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.24327/ijrsr.2017.0804.0147.
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Yıldırım, G., H. Keser, N. Doğan-Sağlamtimur, and F. Çelik. "Building panel production incorporated with fly ash." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 706 (November 25, 2019): 012003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/706/1/012003.
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Fourie, Johan, and Erik Green. "Building the Cape of Good Hope Panel." History of the Family 23, no. 3 (July 3, 2018): 493–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1081602x.2018.1509367.
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Omarov, Zhumabek, Gulnara Zhukenova, Leonid Bulyga, and Murat Beisembaev. "Prospects for the use of sandwich panels in the construction industry of Kazakhstan." E3S Web of Conferences 263 (2021): 01020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126301020.
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One of the main priorities for the implementation of the tasks set in the Address of the Head of State Nursultan Nazarbayev to the people of Kazakhstan “Kazakhstan’s way - 2050: common goal, common interests, common future” is the transition of traditional industries of Kazakhstan to the production of high value added products. Structural insulated panel (SIP) in common people is a sandwich panel. Aside from the architectural and aesthetic requirements for building projects, sandwich panels could be called the ideal building material. The shell of sandwich panels is made with a good and reliable anti-corrosion coating, the insulation material has a low thermal conductivity, minimal moisture absorption, sufficient mechanical strength, and high durability. And the sandwich panel itself is resistant to harmful ultraviolet radiation, atmospheric and mechanical influences. In addition, any communications are easily laid through sandwich panels: drilling or cutting this structure is much easier than reinforced concrete panels.
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Davis, Mark W., A. Hunter Fanney, and Brian P. Dougherty. "Prediction of Building Integrated Photovoltaic Cell Temperatures*." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 123, no. 3 (March 1, 2001): 200–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1385825.
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A barrier to the widespread application of building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) is the lack of validated predictive performance tools. Architects and building owners need these tools in order to determine if the potential energy savings realized from building integrated photovoltaics justifies the additional capital expenditure. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) seeks to provide high quality experimental data that can be used to develop and validate these predictive performance tools. The temperature of a photovoltaic module affects its electrical output characteristics and efficiency. Traditionally, the temperature of solar cells has been characterized using the nominal operating cell temperature (NOCT), which can be used in conjunction with a calculation procedure to predict the module’s temperature for various environmental conditions. The NOCT procedure provides a representative prediction of the cell temperature, specifically for the ubiquitous rack-mounted installation. The procedure estimates the cell temperature based on the ambient temperature and the solar irradiance. It makes the approximation that the overall heat loss coefficient is constant. In other words, the temperature difference between the panel and the environment is linearly related to the heat flux on the panels (solar irradiance). The heat transfer characteristics of a rack-mounted PV module and a BIPV module can be quite different. The manner in which the module is installed within the building envelope influences the cell’s operating temperature. Unlike rack-mounted modules, the two sides of the modules may be subjected to significantly different environmental conditions. This paper presents a new technique to compute the operating temperature of cells within building integrated photovoltaic modules using a one-dimensional transient heat transfer model. The resulting predictions are compared to measured BIPV cell temperatures for two single crystalline BIPV panels (one insulated panel and one uninsulated panel). Finally, the results are compared to predictions using the NOCT technique.
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Yoon, Sung Duk, Sopharith Vuthy, and Ho Soon Choi. "Design of Solar Modules for Building Façades at Educational Facilities in Korea." Energies 14, no. 9 (April 25, 2021): 2441. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14092441.
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Photovoltaic (PV) panels are the most widely used technology for renewable energy production; however, in urban areas, their installation locations are primarily limited to building rooftops. Here, a PV panel design that allows installation on building façades, particularly in elementary school buildings in South Korea, which are widely distributed throughout the country and have a standardized building design, was developed. Elementary schools in Seoul, Gwangju, and Busan were selected, and the energy production efficiency of the PV panels based on latitude and important influencing factors, including installation position, angle, and incoming solar irradiation, were investigated. Further, each targeted elementary school building and the corresponding PV module design were visualized in three dimensions. Thus, solar irradiation was measured, and the potential energy generated by the PV modules was calculated using the Insight software coupled with the Revit software. The building façade position associated with the highest energy production efficiency for each target elementary school was selected based on the optimal PV module tilt angle, and the total energy production was 307,734 kWh∙year−1. The results of this study can be applied to several other public education facilities and can be readily extended to high-rise residential buildings across Asia.
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Corrao, Rossella. "Mechanical Tests on Innovative BIPV Façade Components for Energy, Seismic, and Aesthetic Renovation of High-Rise Buildings." Sustainability 10, no. 12 (November 30, 2018): 4523. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10124523.
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The paper shows the results of mechanical tests carried out on prototypes of a new Building Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) component developed by the author and SBskin Smart Building Skin s.r.l. This patented innovative component is able to merge structural function, insulation proprieties, and production of clean energy for retrofit actions and/or the construction of translucent façades in high-rise buildings located in different climatic contexts. Due to colored PV cells integrated into 3 Dimensional (3D) glass components and the dry-assembly system used for assembling them into precast and pre-stressed panels, an easy and creative customization of the product is allowed. Green energy production, safety, and energy efficiency of buildings can be assured in accordance with the environmental conditions and users’ needs. The pre-stressing force used to improve the mechanical resistance of the panel toward horizontal forces due to winds and earthquakes guarantees the construction of secure translucent and active building envelopes. The paper summarizes the features of this innovative and patented BIPV product by focusing on its mechanical behavior. Laboratory tests are described and commented for underlining the benefits derived from the use of the dry-assembly system and of the supporting structure made of plastic for the construction of the panels. Bending and breaking strength tests have been carried out on two sq.m of panel prototypes, which have been dry-assembled through a supporting structure made of Polypropylene (PP) in order to compare the results with the theoretical calculations derived from the Finite Element (FE) simulations. Cyclic mechanical testing of the panel has been also carried out to verify its behavior under cyclic loading and understanding its ability to counteract the actions of the wind and earthquake.
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McCrobie, Daniel. "Concepts for Designing a Building." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 39, no. 7 (October 1995): 427–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129503900705.
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This panel was designed by Marie Robinson of Pacific Bell, the Program Chair for the Environmental Design Technical Group. Marie wanted to put together several speakers who have unique views and different backgrounds on how buildings should be designed for the user. The resulting panel should be an interesting mix of ideas, all with a focus on the user.
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KAZANKOV, Alexander P., Zinaida F. VASILCHIKOVA, and Pavel V. IGNATYEV. "EVALUATION OF INFLUENCE OF MULTISTORY BUILDING UNDER CONSTRUCTION ON EXISTING BEARING-WALL BUILDINGS." Urban construction and architecture 7, no. 1 (March 15, 2017): 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17673/vestnik.2017.01.3.
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The paper presents the results of a survey of existing buildings and the construction of prefabricated houses - insert to end their mutual infl uence on each other. Based on the data of the survey the technical condition of bearing and enclosing structures of the above objects has been developed computational models to assess the actual bearing capacity of soil foundations and structural elements in areas abutt ing the neighboring buildings. According to the calculation results of the event were off ered to ensure the independent operation of neighboring objects by the apparatus of the sheet pile wall CFA piles. After these measures to prevent cross-contamination of existing and under construction panel inserts homes between them, practically stopped further growth of deposits base formation and development of cracks in the panels and supporting brick walls.
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Miedziałowski, Czeslaw, and Michał Baszeń. "The Overview of Technical State of Unfinished Building Made of Large Panel Elements." Applied Mechanics and Materials 878 (February 2018): 219–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.878.219.
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Buildings made in technology of Large Panel System (LPS) are the main segment of the construction market in Poland. Since the late 1950's construction made of precast elements were erected in all regions of the country. The elements produced in in-site precast factories did not meet the system requirements. The overview of the technical state of building made of precast reinforcement concrete flat-plate erected in the 1989 is presented. The erection of the building was stopped before the flat roof was embedded. Since then the building has been standing unused. The building was made in OWT system, one of the LPS developed in Poland. The information about the construction of the joints between various walls was presented. The state of concrete and reinforcement steel treated by atmospheric and biological influences are also mentioned. The differences between dimensions of connection elements in joints in analyzed building and in the system catalogue were presented. The manner of construction of joint in the building is discussed. The paper is finished by some comments about building construction and structure safety.
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Gholami, Hassan, and Harald Nils Røstvik. "Dataset for the Solar Incident Radiation and Electricity Production BIPV/BAPV System on the Northern/Southern Façade in Dense Urban Areas." Data 6, no. 6 (May 26, 2021): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/data6060057.
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The prosperous implementation of Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV), as well as Building Attached Photovoltaics (BAPV), needs an accurate and detailed assessment of the potential of solar irradiation and electricity production of various commercialised technologies in different orientations on the outer skins of the building. This article presents a dataset for the solar incident radiation and electricity production of PV systems in the north and south orientations in a dense urban area (in the northern hemisphere). The solar incident radiation and the electricity production of two back-to-back PV panels with a ten-centimetre gap for one year are monitored and logged as primary data sources. Using Microsoft Excel, both panels’ efficiency is also presented as a secondary source of data. The implemented PV panels are composed of polycrystalline silicon cells with an efficiency of 16.9%. The results depicted that the actual efficiency of the south-facing panel (13%–15%) is always closer to the standard efficiency of the panel compared to the actual efficiency of the north-facing panel (8%–12%). Moreover, although the efficiency of the south-facing panel on sunny days of the year is almost constant, the efficiency of the north-facing panel decreases significantly in winter. This phenomenon might be linked to the spectral response of the polycrystalline silicon cells and different incident solar radiation spectrum on the panels. While the monitored data cover the radiation and system electricity production in various air conditions, the analysis is mainly conducted for sunny days, and more investigation is needed to analyse the system performance in other weather conditions (like cloudy and overcast skies). The presented database could be used to analyse the performance of polycrystalline silicon PV panels and their operational efficiency in a dense urban area and for different orientations.
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Špačková, Eva. "Mass Prefabricated-Panel Housing Construction in Private Ownership in the Czech Republic." Advanced Materials Research 1020 (October 2014): 692–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1020.692.
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Housing estates thus have been and will continue to be a long-term part of the housing the Czech Republic. Research addresses the artistic and architectural level of regeneration of prefabricated-panel buildings in the past twenty year, shows how the form of reconstructed facades has developed and illustrates the use of the building facade in the context of the environment in which the residential building is located.
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MALESZA, Jaroslaw, Czeslaw MIEDZIALOWSKI, and Leonas USTINOVICHIUS. "Tests on full-scale and static analysis models of the wood-framed building stucture horizontaly loaded." JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 23, no. 6 (June 22, 2017): 814–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2017.1319411.
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This paper focuses on development of the high energy saving timber building and ecological technology protecting environment in civil engineering. Wood framed with sheathing, large panel structures became more popular building constructions in Poland last decade. Experimental tests and numerical analysis of panels and complete wood framed building have been taken into account. Typical two-story residential building was selected for test. Test of three dimensional (3D) whole building was conducted on the base of experimental investigations results of large panel similar to those used in building structure. Also adequate tests of materials and connections were accompanying of the whole structure investigations. Obtained results were adopted in numerical models elaborated for wall and floor panels and in 3D model of whole building. Load -displacements characteristics were acquired from tests and numerical models. The displacements computed from 3D numerical model were 10–20% higher than from experiment. Experimentally ob-tained lower displacements than those from analytical analysis are resulted from higher stiffness of wall system due to diaphragms interconnections, their common interaction and three-dimensional character of building structure. Presented research analyzed method of computation of internal forces in building as well in the range of engineering methods in the form of rigid beam scheme up to the advanced methods using 3D spatial model adopting FEM.
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Meng, Qing Fei, Hong Hao, and Wen Su Chen. "Numerical Study of Basalt Fibre Cloth Strengthened Structural Insulated Panel under Windborne Debris Impact." Applied Mechanics and Materials 846 (July 2016): 446–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.846.446.
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Strong winds happen around the world every year and cause enormous damages and losses. Besides large wind pressure, impact from windborne debris on building envelope is a major source of structural damage in strong winds. The debris lifted and carried by wind impacting on building envelop may create openings on building envelope which increase internal pressure of the building, and lead to roof lifting and even total building collapse. Preventing impact damage to structural wall and roof is therefore critical in extreme wind conditions. On the other hand Structural Insulated Panel (SIP) with Oriented Strand Board (OSB) skins is popularly used in the building industry. Previous studies revealed that such SIP panels had weak impact resistant capacity and do not meet the design requirements to resist windborne debris impact specified in Australian Standard (AS/NZS1170.2:2011) for their applications in cyclonic regions. To increase the capacity of such SIP panels against windborne debris impact, basalt fibre cloth was used to strengthen the panel. Laboratory tests found that SIP strengthened with basalt fibre cloth was effective in increasing its impact-resistant capacity. This paper presents the development of a reliable numerical model to predict the impact responses of basalt fibre cloth strengthened SIP panel in LS-DYNA. The accuracy of the numerical model is verified by comparing the numerical and experimental results. The validated numerical model provides a reliable tool to predict basalt fibre cloth strengthened SIPs.
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Resnais, Peteris, Aldis Grekis, Matiss Keivs, and Baiba Gaujena. "Possibilities of Useful Use of Glued Wooden Construction Residues." Materials 14, no. 15 (July 23, 2021): 4106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14154106.
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People have erected buildings with the use of timber structures for a long time. The uses of timber constructions are very diverse—it is used for the production of exterior wall and roof constructions, window frames and doors, and it is used for dry as well as wet premises. Scandinavian countries have extremely vast experience of using timber structures. Latvia has a rather extensive timber processing and timber structure manufacturing sector. Many companies are involved in timber processing, however, to enable even more extensive use of timber structures, environmental and technically economic requirements of contemporary building must be taken into consideration. Environmental requirements for timber structures provide certain advantages in comparison to other building materials, but technically economic requirements are very important as well. The development of manufacturing of glued constructions and research of production processes of these constructions allows one to find solutions for the reduction in the cost of timber structures, and the results of such research can ensure significant development of the use of timber structures in building, as well as reduce total construction costs. The basic objective of the study is to investigate the residual materials arising as a result of processing cross-laminated timber constructions (CLT panels), material generated as a result of high levels of construction production, and research of the opportunities to reprocess the residual materials generated as a result of laminated timber structure manufacturing into materials suitable for production of building constructions. The majority of CLT panels are manufactured using 20, 30 and 40 mm thick boards, and, during the panel manufacturing process, there are various standard thicknesses of panels, for example, 60, 80, 100, 120, 140, 160 mm, etc. Various layers are used for the creation of various thicknesses depending on the necessary technical properties. Various arrangements of the thickness of a single panel will cause different structural and physical behaviour (i.e., impact of changes in moisture, fire resistance, etc.). During the research and for the purposes of testing of CLT panels, only residues with equal types and thicknesses of lamellae were selected. Two main purposes were included in the panel testing process: (1) Comparison of technical performance of the residues of CLT panels with the classic CLT panel. Curve strength and tensile strength tests were performed in accordance with LVS EN standards (LVS EN 16351: 2016 and LVS EN 408 + A1: 2012). All the samples were prepared according to the LVS EN standards. (2) To assess the impact of two resins (melamine urea formaldehyde (MUF) and polyurethane (PU)), widely used in industry, on structural properties of recycled CLT material. Results of the research show that recycling residues of glued wooden constructions may lead to good results, and manufacturing residues of CLT panels may be successfully used in construction and for the reduction in CLT panel manufacturing costs.