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1
Deordiev, Sergei, Victor Kudrin, and Mariya Plyasunova. "Security of construction sites: risk-management." MATEC Web of Conferences 245 (2018): 11014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201824511014.
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This article has certain goals and tasks for solving some engineering problems. The analysis of the situation regarding the applicability of risk management in the construction industry of the Russian Federation is presented. The reasons for the low prevalence of this means of ensuring the mechanical safety of buildings and structures are revealed. Examples of the application of risk management in the West, as well as examples and reasons for non-use in Russia are given. Measures and recommendations are proposed to change this situation in the construction sector. References are given to sources with weighty arguments for the application of building safety.
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Chen, Chang Ray, Fei Fei Cheng, and Yong Bai. "Comparative Analysis of Construction Process at Building Sites." Applied Mechanics and Materials 865 (June 2017): 390–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.865.390.
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The accurate measurement of labor productivity data can mean the difference between the success and failure of a building construction project. Due to the sheer diversity and complexity of international building construction practices, minimal research has been performed on comparative labor productivity between countries. In this paper, the authors present a research project that was conducted by comparing the Chinese labor productivity with the U.S. labor productivity in building construction projects. The labor productivity data were collected from different jobsites in the U.S. and China by using a time-study method with established data collection procedures. Furthermore, work sampling in the HVAC system work category was used as a method to gather information about the amount of labor productive and nonproductive work hours spent on construction activities. It is certain that there are many factors affecting productivity in the building construction process. With the lack of timely and effective project quality supervision, construction quality cannot be guaranteed. For this reason, various statistical analysis methods were applied to analyze and compare the collected productivity data from both countries. Findings of this productivity comparison can provide industry practitioners the advancement of knowledge in the Chinese building construction industry and it can support benchmarking and continuous improvement of productivity with a greater efficiency in both the US and Chinese building construction markets.
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Kowalik, Tomasz, Dominik Logoń, Marek Maj, Jarosław Rybak, Aleksandra Ubysz, and Anna Wojtowicz. "Chemical hazards in construction industry." E3S Web of Conferences 97 (2019): 03032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199703032.
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Rapid technological progress in construction requires that more and more attention should be paid to human security issues. Threats occur both at the stage of building facilities and during their use. Some impacts are easy to identify during construction stage like shocks and vibrations, others are hidden from sight and direct sensing like the harmful effect of chemicals. In addition to accidents that happen on construction sites, there are still objective threats, which may occur throughout the lifetime of the facility. In addition to clearly perceptible ones such as earthquakes, hurricanes, fires, there are hidden threats as well: bacteriological contamination, radiation or chemical interactions that occur in time. This article points to the most common chemical hazards. Examples of chemical threats occurring in construction at the stages of design, construction and use of buildings will be given below.
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Mokhtar, Siti Nazziera, Noor Zalina Mahmood, Che Rosmani Che Hassan, Ahmad Firman Masudi, and Nik Meriam Sulaiman. "Factors that Contribute to the Generation of Construction Waste at Sites." Advanced Materials Research 163-167 (December 2010): 4501–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.163-167.4501.
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Construction industry in Malaysia is growing rapidly with high demand due to vast development and urbanization. Therefore, many commercial and residential buildings are being developed. The increasing number of construction projects in Malaysia will indirectly contribute to the increase of construction waste generation. Thus, waste minimization is an important area of concern in the implementation of the construction waste management in the construction industry of Malaysia. Data collection and observations was conducted at three construction sites which adopt different type of method with different type of building and size of project in Klang Valley. The calculation of the construction waste index generated at these sites is adopted from Poon et al., (2001). Result showed that construction method, size of projects (GFA), type of building, storage method system, human error and technical problem can affect the amount of waste index (debris) and amount of wastage level generated at construction sites. Therefore waste index and wastage level can be used as operational an indicator for waste minimization of the construction activities.
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Sivakumar, C., R. Malathy, and P. Sivaprakash. "A Study on Fire Safety on Residential and Commercial Construction Sites." Archives of Civil Engineering 64, no. 2 (2018): 161–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ace-2018-0022.
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AbstractThe construction industry in India is the country’s second largest industrial sector, after agriculture. The construction industry makes a remarkable contribution to the Indian economy and provides employment to a large number of people of India. Fire is a chemical reaction of a combustible substance with oxygen, involving heat and is usually accompanied by a visual flame or incandescence. Ensuring fire safety has always been a challenge to the stakeholders, i.e. building owners, construction companies, contractors and sub-contractors, and government employees due to the multiplicity of the factors involved and their complexity. There are various legal standards and requirements for ensuring fire safety on construction sites. The buildings are normally provided with firewalls during construction and these firewalls separate two structures or divide a structure into smaller portions to prevent the spread of fire. The lightweight construction and trusses are designed to support only their own weight. During a fire, if one fails, a domino effect happens and all fail rapidly within 5 to 10 minutes. Prolonged exposure to fire may result in structural collapse and injury or death of the occupants of the building under construction. Fire safety on construction sites is still in its primitive stages in India. There is a great necessity to improve fire safety on construction sites to protect construction workers and other occupants of the buildings. This study aims to design and implement fire safety systems for construction sites, thereby enhancing the standards to meet the system requirements at par with global standards.
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Akintayo, F. O., O. N. Oyebade, S. P. Songca, N. O. Adebisi, O. S. Oluwafemi, and O. O. Fadipe. "Assessment of the impacts of building construction activities on the environment." Nigerian Journal of Technology 39, no. 2 (2020): 325–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njt.v39i2.1.
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Activities in building construction industry contribute to air pollution. In this study, gas data from four locations at each three building construction sites in Doha, Qatar were collected and analyzed. Questionnaires were also administered to companies that are involved in building construction projects. The results showed traces of SO2, CO2, CO and NO2 but in amounts below the detrimental limit stipulated by the Ministry of Environment, Qatar. Questionnaire responses revealed that the extraction of raw materials and the energy consumed during construction occur quite often, but strongly implicated dust generated from construction sites and waste disposal, as major factors causing air pollution in the area. It is therefore, recommended that regular monitoring of air should be carried out within building construction sites to aid detection of air contamination. This will serve as a control measure to stimulate catalytic conversion of exhaust, reuse and recycling of waste materials.
 Keywords: Air pollution, Building construction activities, Dust, Emissions and Environment.
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Abo Nassar, Nour Eldeen. "Factors affecting safety performance on construction sites: An overview." International Journal of Advanced Engineering, Sciences and Applications 2, no. 2 (2021): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.47346/ijaesa.v2i2.73.
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The construction industry is one of the most significant industries that contribute greatly to achieving economic development. However, it is also considered one of the industries that is always exposed to a high risk of hazards in addition to being full of risky activities. Accidents that occurred in construction industries have caused many defects in project progress, for example, delays in completing the project, increasing project cost, reducing productivity, and creating negative impressions about the company. The major reason for the accidents is poor worker safety performance, with a host of contributing causes. For improving safety performance, the root causes of incidents that occur in construction as well as the factors influencing them must be studied. Health and safety issues are the main problem and concerns in the building industry. Though much development has been made in construction safety, the industry still lacks a lag behind most other industries in terms of safety. The aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of the factors that could affect the safety performance of a construction site to reduce the frequency of accidents.
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Kolobova, Svetlana Vitalevna. "Development of Composition and Technology of Wood-Slag Composite Material." Key Engineering Materials 802 (May 2019): 31–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.802.31.
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The most urgent task in the construction industry today is energy saving at all stages: from the production of building materials, products and structures to the construction of buildings and their operation. Combining these problems forms one of the directions of innovation policy of the majority of subjects of the Russian Federation – strengthening of local capacity and demonstration of solutions to improve energy and resource saving in construction. Building materials industry-one of the leading sectors of the economy, which is quite effectively uses secondary products of many industries for the production of various building materials. Development of production of building materials in this direction is associated with many aspects: the depletion of natural resources, high energy intensity of a number of technological processes of extraction and processing of raw materials; threat to environmental safety of the Russian Federation; lack of waste disposal sites; negative impact on the air, water and plant environment, human and animal health.
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Mjörnell, Kristina, and Lars Olsson. "Moisture Safety of Wooden Buildings – Design, Construction and Operation." Journal of Sustainable Architecture and Civil Engineering 24, no. 1 (2019): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.sace.24.1.23230.
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During the last decade, building in wood has increased, mainly due to environmental awareness andtargets to decrease the carbon footprint originated from the production of building materials. Newtechnologies such as CLT (cross laminated timber) have accelerated the construction of multi-storywooden buildings. The CLT structure has been used both for housing and offices. Due to the extensivesize of the buildings and relatively fast assembly of the buildings, weather protection has not alwaysbeen used. It is commonly known that building materials sensitive to moisture need to be protectedagainst high moisture conditions and water during construction. If this is not done, there is an increasedrisk of microbial growth which can result in health problems for future users of the building, extensivecosts for the remediation and exchange of materials, but also lack of trust in the construction industry.There are disagreements between the building industry and researchers how sensitive wooden buildingsare to exposure to high moisture levels and water during storage at sites and construction. Based onresults from several research projects studying moisture conditions both in the laboratory and in thefield, recommendations for procurement, storage and handling of wood during construction to assuremoisture safety are suggested in this paper.
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Zhongsheng, Tang. "Safety concerns in China’s construction industry." PROCEEDINGS OF PETERSBURG TRANSPORT UNIVERSITY 18, no. 1 (2021): 143–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.20295/1815-588x-2021-1-143-152.
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Objective: To study the main problems of labor process safety in the construction industry drawing on the example of the construction of residential buildings. To identify the main factors affecting the construction safety conditions. To propose a new organizational structure for workforce to improve safety management at the construction site. Methods: Analysis, synthesis, statistical method, comparison method, and legal analysis method were applied. Results: It has been established that the growth rate of China’s construction sector surpasses its regulatory framework, which needs to be changed as soon as possible. The state needs to make a concerted effort to unify labor safety standards at construction sites. Five factors were identified that affect the safety conditions during the construction of a residential building: human, construction equipment, environment, construction management and technical. As a result of the study, a new organizational structure for the working personnel has been proposed, based on strengthening supervision both by the management and among the workers in order to change safety conditions management at the construction site. A detailed analysis of the incidents that occurred in 2018 made it possible to identify the most frequent accidents related to construction safety, as well as their types. Construction failures are mainly attributed to management rather than technical aspects. Practical importance: The results obtained can become the basis for further research on occupational safety in China’s construction industry, training and lecture materials. The proposed organizational structure of the working personnel will enable construction companies to carry out construction projects most efficiently while observing all labor protection standards. It is necessary to update the legal framework in the field of working conditions safety.
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N, Akash. "Semi-Automated Roller Painting Machine." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VIII (2021): 325–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.37331.
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Building and construction is one of the major industries around the world. In this fast moving life construction industry is also growing rapidly. But the labours in the construction industry are not sufficient. This insufficient labour in the construction industry is because of the difficulty in the work. In construction industry, during the work in the sites where there is more risk situation like interior area in the city. There are some other reasons for the insufficient labour which may be because of the improvement the education level which cause the people to think that these types of work, is not as prestigious as the other jobs.
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Akinwale, A. A., and O. A. Olusanya. "Influence of Subcontracting Processes on Wages and Workloads in the Building Construction Industry in Nigeria." Journal of Construction Business and Management 4, no. 2 (2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.15641/jcbm.4.2.788.
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There is a paucity of information on the experience of subcontracted work despite the widespread use of subcontracting in the building construction industry. This study examined the influence of subcontracting processes on wages and workloads in the building construction industry in Nigeria. Data collection for the study was based on a cross-sectional research design with a survey research strategy, including a structured questionnaire and some key informant interviews. A sample of 908 subcontracted workers was randomly selected from 388 building construction sites in Lagos State, Nigeria. Data obtained from the structured questionnaire were subjected to descriptive statistics and regression analysis, while an ethnographic technique was used to analyze the data from the interviews. The regression results (β = –0.046; p < 0.05) showed that to some extent subcontracting processes significantly influenced workers’ participation in wage determination; and that the regression results (β = –0.040; p < 0.05) revealed that to some extent subcontracting processes significantly influenced workers’ participation in the determination of workloads in the building construction industry in Nigeria. Wages and workloads are inappropriate when the degree of influence of the subcontracting process on workers' participation in the determination of wages and workloads in the building construction industry is considered. These findings imply that working in a subcontracting system could promote the alienation of subcontracted workers from the determination of wages and workloads, thereby showing the need for adequate protection for the affected workers. Therefore, the subcontracted workers in Lagos state should strengthen their associations to achieve justice and decent work in the building construction industry.
 Keywords: Building Construction; Subcontracted Workers; Wages; Workload.
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Tchamba, Jean Claude, and Théodore Gautier L. J. Bikoko. "Failure and Collapse of Building Structures in the Cities of Yaoundé and Douala, Cameroon from 2010 to 2014." Modern Applied Science 10, no. 1 (2015): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/mas.v10n1p23.
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<p class="zhengwen"><span lang="EN-GB">The failure and collapse of buildings in most cases result in loss of lives and properties. The incessant <a name="_GoBack"></a>collapses of buildings nowadays are so enormous that it has become a serious concern to the professionals in the building industry, clients, governments, and general public. In most cases, the architects and engineers who are directly involved in the construction of such building are held responsible for building collapse. The purpose of this study was to elaborate various cases of building structures collapsed that occurred in Yaoundé and Douala, Cameroon between 2010 and 2014 and to investigate the factors causing such incidents. The methods employed in the collection of data include the administration of questionnaire to professionals in the building industry (professional engineers, architects and construction professionals), site inspections and case studies for the sites. The data collected were analysed using descriptive and analytical statistics. The findings show that the collapse of some buildings in major cities in Cameroon (Yaoundé and Douala) can be attributed to absence of soil investigation and foundation, structural design, detailing, degradation due to environmental factors, use of poor quality materials and concrete processing. In the two case studies considered, the study revealed that the major causes of building failures were excessive loading, structural design, degradation due to environmental factors and other causes. The paper concludes by recommending possible measures to be undertaken by government and other regulatory bodies in the building industry to avert this.</span></p>
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Bhatti, Imtiaz Ali, Abd Halid Abdullah, Sasitharan Nagapan, Nabi Bux Bhatti, Muhammad Tahir Lakhiar, and Muntazir Mahdi Mahar. "Building Construction Labour Productivity in Arid Climate Environment." Journal of Applied Engineering Sciences 9, no. 2 (2019): 125–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jaes-2019-0017.
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Abstract Productivity is a significant aspect of construction industry that plays vital role for success and failure of any construction project. This industry generates 11% to 13% of GDP all around the globe and the cost of labour in any building project is 20% to 35% of the cost of Building. On daily basis labour utilizes 30% of time on productive activities rest 70% of the time is ruined in non-productive activities, there are multi factors which are affecting the labour production in construction industry hence this study provides an overview of productivity, Total Factor productivity, method used to measure accurate productivity in construction projects. The objective of this study is find out percentage up to what extent labour production is affected due to weather conditions, however this study is carried out in arid climate region in Month of June 2018, where minimum temperature was recorded 26.0 Celsius degree at 7:30 AM and Maximum was 47.80 Celsius degree at 3:00 PM. A descriptive survey research design approach was adopted using continuous observation method of study. Project work study manual served as the research instrument to collect the data on selected building sites for 30 working days. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statics. The results show that average monthly production of mason gang was recorded with less production of 28.759%, Carpentry gang with average monthly loss of production 16.74% & steel fixer gang had average monthly loss of production was 12.188. This concludes that prior to signing the contract for construction project. The location, environment, topography of region, capacity of construction operatives must be kept in mind to decide the proper timeline for the successful of project.
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Sebastian, Rizal, Rosamaria Olivadese, Emanuele Piaia, et al. "Connecting the Knowhow of Design, Production and Construction Professionals through Mixed Reality to Overcome Building’s Performance Gaps." Proceedings 2, no. 15 (2018): 1153. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2151153.
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At present European buildings typically consume two to five times more energy than predicted at the design stage. An important cause of this performance gap is the discrepancies between the design specification and the As-Built condition. Such discrepancies are mainly due to the gaps in knowhow between design, production and construction professionals. Design is more and more contained into a virtual environment and loses touch with the physical production and construction sites. As the construction sector enters the Industry 4.0 era, Building Information Modelling (BIM) based Mixed Reality can intertwine virtual and real worlds to bridge the knowhow gaps.
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Lee, Heow Pueh, Zhaomeng Wang, and Kian Meng Lim. "Assessment of noise from equipment and processes at construction sites." Building Acoustics 24, no. 1 (2016): 21–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1351010x16678218.
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Noise pollution from construction sites has become a major problem for major cities with the continued rapid development as well as redevelopment of cities. These construction sites, in particular for new subway systems, are often near to residential and commercial buildings. A better understanding and characterization of noise profiles will be required for project management and planning as well as environmental impact assessment. In this study, instead of using the typical type 1 sound level meters for the measurement of noise profiles emitted from construction equipment and processes commonly done in construction industry, we attempt to characterize the noise profiles of common construction equipment at their respective noise source using an Acoustic Array or Acoustic Camera. The study also highlighted the significant presence of low-frequency noise at construction sites for some construction equipment and processes. This may have some implications for the design of noise barriers at construction sites.
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PonmalarV, Aravindraj V, and Nandhini K. "STUDY ON FACTORS INFLUENCING LABOUR PRODUCTIVITY IN RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS IN INDIAN SCENARIO." International Journal of Engineering Technologies and Management Research 5, no. 2 (2020): 239–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/ijetmr.v5.i2.2018.168.
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The construction sector is diverse as it contains contractors, consultants, designers, owners and others. Poor productivity of construction workers is one of the causes of cost and time overruns in construction projects. As construction is a labour-intensive industry, this paper focuses on labour productivity in the construction industry and to identify factors affecting labour productivity at building construction project. The performance of labour is affected by many factors and is usually linked to the performance of time, cost, work pressure, safety measures and quality. The questionnaires were distributed to supervisors, project Engineer, labourers, the top 35 factors were identified, categorized into 3 different groups, using SPSS tool, which is analytical software, the factors were analyzed and ranked considering relative importance index were calculated. And also calculated actual productivity for Brick Masonry is taken from sites. The result shows the factors considered which most affects the labour productivity loss in residential buildings and actual productivity versus expected productivity the brick masonry work were calculated.
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Boussabaine, A. H. "Artificial Neural Networks for Predicting Noise from Construction Sites." Building Acoustics 4, no. 3 (1997): 211–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1351010x9700400304.
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Exposure of populations to noise at their workplace and at home is a major concern for academia and industry. This concern has resulted in a number of standards for predicting the level of noise and studying the adverse noise-induced effect on the health of the work force. Among these standards is the assessment of noise for open construction sites. Current British Standard methods for noise assessment are limited in their application. The paper explains the need for noise prediction and demonstrates the limitation of the existing methods. A background introduction to Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) methods with a methodology for developing ANN applications is provided. ANN is proposed as an alternative approach to construction noise prediction methods. A model for construction noise prediction is presented and its structure is described.
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Sultana, Nahid, Jannatul Ferdousi, and Md Shahidullah. "Health Problems among Women Building Construction Workers." Journal of Bangladesh Society of Physiologist 9, no. 1 (2015): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbsp.v9i1.22793.
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Back ground: Construction industry is one of the stable growing industries world over, including Bangladesh. In Dhaka city there are many construction sites, where workers are exposed to hazardous condition, specially the female workers. Throughout the world, over 90% of construction workers are male. In some developing countries, the proportion of women is higher. In Bangladesh their number is increasing day by day. Objective: To explore the health problems among the women building construction workers Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out among 134 female construction workers. Data was collected through face to face interview by using prefixed questionnaire. The study was conducted from September 2011 to December 2012 in the Department of Community medicine, Dhaka National Medical College, Dhaka. The subjects were selected from different building construction sites of old Dhaka city. Results: It was observed that among 134 respondents, majority 96(71.6%) of the women construction worker were brick breaker and 38(28.3%) were weight carrier. Their mean age was 38.29±6.9 years. Most workers 110 (82.1%) had different types of skin problem. The proportion of skin problems was found to be high among the weight carrier and the difference was statistically highly significant (pOE .001). 89(66.5%) respondents had urinary tract infection, 66(49.3%) had constipation and 24(17.9%) complaint uterine prolapse. Among the total respondents 68(58.2%) complain of backache. The workers who complain of backache, 52(54.1%) were brick breaker and 16(42.1%) were weight carrier. 79 (58.9%) respondents used personal protective equipments, among them 61(77.2%) used self made hand gloves and 38(48.1%) used folded towel to carry weight. Besides of the total respondents 117(87.3%) complain of different types of respiratory problem. Conclusion: The study concludes that different types of skin diseases are present among female construction workers that might be attributable to exposure to hot humid working environment. Besides pain full micturation, uterine prolapse, low backache and respiratory problem were found among them which might need special attention. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbsp.v9i1.22793 Bangladesh Soc Physiol. 2014, June; 9(1): 31-36
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Yanagihara, Yoshitaka, Hiroshi Yoshinada, and Fumihiro Inoue. "Special Issue on Construction Robot." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 24, no. 6 (2012): 923. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2012.p0923.
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Robot and mechatronics technologies in the construction industry, as in the manufacturing industry, are, first of all, expected to help provide high-quality structures and services safely in the shortest possible time at the lowest possible expense. Increasingly greater expectations have arisen since the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake in regard to technologies involving disaster response and global environment protection. Under these circumstances, we are publishing a special issue on element technologies required for construction robots, and technologies adopted at actual disaster sites. These papers include one each on automatic and drive control technologies for heavy machinery, five on remote operations, three on position measurement and detection technologies, and three on technologies to be used at actual disaster sites. Application fields of these technologies are broad enough to cover all building and civil engineering work, network systems to be incorporated into structures, disaster response, marine development, and space development. Construction robots have always required robust robot technologies for severe outdoor work. We hope this special issue will help to accelerate the research and development of construction robots, to promote practical applications, and to support the utilization of element technologies in special environments in addition to outdoor environments.
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Rivera, Robert Guamán, Rodrigo García Alvarado, Alejandro Martínez-Rocamora, and Fernando Auat Cheein. "A Comprehensive Performance Evaluation of Different Mobile Manipulators Used as Displaceable 3D Printers of Building Elements for the Construction Industry." Sustainability 12, no. 11 (2020): 4378. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12114378.
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The construction industry is currently technologically challenged to incorporate new developments for enhancing the process, such as the use of 3D printing for complex building structures, which is the aim of this brief. To do so, we show a systematic study regarding the usability and performance of mobile manipulators as displaceable 3D printing machinery in construction sites, with emphasis on the three main different existing mobile platforms: the car-like, the unicycle and the omnidirectional (mecanum wheeled), with an UR5 manipulator on them. To evaluate its performance, we propose the printing of the following building elements: helical, square, circular and mesh, with different sizes. As metrics, we consider the total control effort observed in the robots and the total tracking error associated with the energy consumed in the activity to get a more sustainable process. In addition, to further test our work, we constrained the robot workspace thus resembling real life construction sites. In general, the statistical results show that the omnidirectional platform presents the best results –lowest tracking error and lowest control effort– for circular, helicoidal and mesh building elements; and car-like platform shows the best results for square-like building element. Then, an innovative performance analysis is achieved for the printing of building elements, with a contribution to the reduction of energy consumption.
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Djumagaliev, R. M., O. K. Kokushev, T. R. Djumagaliev, R. A. Beisengazinov, Atalay Elchioglu, and I. A. Vassina. "INVESTIGATION AND MANAGEMENT OF FIRE RISKS AT SITES WITH APPLICATION OF TRANSLUCENT BUILDING STRUCTURES." NEWS of National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan 6, no. 444 (2020): 59–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.32014/2020.2518-170x.131.
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On the base of analyses on the development of the construction industry as well as fires occurring in Kazakhstan, the article justifies the areas of fire prevention related to technical regulation that is the certification of materials, construction structures and engineering systems. The translucent building structures have increasing application in modern construction techniques. For such structures, the most vulnerable indicator is the fire resistance limit. A technical solution is offered to increase this indicator by using water irrigation. On the base of existing international and national regulatory documents, a number of methods has been developed for experimental determination of the actual fire resistance limit by cooling of structures with water in case of fire. Large-scaled fire researches have been carried out to determine the actual limit of fire resistance of the translucent partition made of tempered glass "Float" with the thickness of 12 mm, M1 grade both in the presence of water irrigation and in the absence thereof. The tests were carried out under standard and actual fire conditions. Optimal parameters of water irrigation are determined. On the base of research results, it is proposed to improve the construction standards in this field as well as methodological documents in the field of certification tests.
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Windapo, Abimbola, Sunday Odediran, Alireza Moghayedi, Abdul Adediran, and David Oliphant. "Determinants of Building Construction Costs in South Africa." Journal of Construction Business and Management 1, no. 1 (2017): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.15641/jcbm.1.1.84.
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Completing project within cost is the target of most clients on any construction project. However, the achievement of this desire is just an imagination in the construction industry, because procurement and execution environments for projects are hostile and unpredictable. This study examines the determinants of building construction costs in South Africa and whether changes in the cost of certain resource factors such as construction equipment, labour and materials can be related to changes in building construction costs. The study employs a longitudinal cross-sectional quantitative research design approach and makes use of literature review and historical data obtained from institutional and governmental databases to identify the determinants. The data collected were analysed using time series analysis to confirm the trends in the cost of the resource factors and its alignment to the changes in building construction cost. After that, it makes use of an appropriate predictive modelling tool or causal analysis in establishing the determinants of construction cost. The results show that the price indices of construction equipment (EI), labour (LI) and materials (MI) have a gentler slope when compared with the Building Cost Index (BCI). It also emerged that later levels of the BCI are significantly and positively related to EI. The findings infer that the key determinant of increase in building construction costs in South Africa is equipment costs. Contractors and public or private sector clients in South Africa must utilize construction equipment optimally on projects, and these pieces of equipment should not be left idle on project sites or plant yards. Appropriate provisions should be made of equipment utilization policies which allow the joint ownership of equipment by contractors to mitigate the problems of cost increases. There are widely unexamined assumptions as to what resource factors are responsible for the growth in building construction costs in South Africa. Also is the similar high risk and uncertainty affecting the South African construction industry as a result of these fluctuations. The results of the study extend the knowledge of the resource factors responsible for building construction costs increases.
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Bock, Thomas. "Construction Robotics." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 28, no. 2 (2016): 116–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2016.p0116.
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[abstFig src='/00280002/01.jpg' width=""300"" text='A humanoid robot riding an excavator' ]The following article reviews past and current tendencies and derives and describes opportunities for construction robotics and automation. There substantial evidence in the construction industry, that conventional construction methodology has reached its limits. Although approaches of construction robotics are still in an innovation or seed phase, it can be expected that with continuous effort put into research and development these approaches may soon enter a growth phase and encounter adoption on way larger scales. Furthermore, the article describes the different application of construction robotics, proving the ability and efficiency of robot systems in diverse fields. Currently, it can already be observed that single task construction robots, on-and-off site construction robots and automated construction sites are becoming even more and more crucial factors, in order to enhance the overall construction efficiency and building sustainability.
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Bock, Thomas, and Tetsuji Yoshida. "Special Issue on Construction and Built Environment." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 28, no. 2 (2016): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2016.p0115.
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The construction industry is one of the largest economicalsectors in developed countries. The economical contributionof the construction industry is comparable withthe contribution of the manufacturing industry. However,the construction industry is one of the most unfamiliar areasof R&D in the robotics community. The first ideasfor construction robots appeared in the 1970s in Japan.Due to quality problems of construction works, lack ofskilled labor, low productivity, numerous accidents andfatalities and high construction demand, the first prototypesof construction robots were developed towards theend of the 1970s. Since then more than 200 constructionrobots and service robots for buildings have been developed,but only about 10% of them have been successfullyintroduced to the construction market. The developmentof on-site robots in the 1980s peaked with the developmentof integrated automated building construction sitesin the 1990s. In the beginning of the 21st century humanoidrobots were researched and tested. In the futurewe will see robots that care for the elderly and handicappedas a further development of construction robots. This issue gives an overview on the state of art ofrobotic technologies in construction. The introductoryarticle also relates the construction robotics developmentto the industrial robotics technology in the prefabricationsector of the 1970s, gives examples of various constructionrobotics developments of the 1980s, the integratedautomated building construction sites since the 1990s, andthe humanoid construction robotics developments and integratedindustrialization efforts of recent date. Roboticsubtechnologies such as programming, sensors, kinematics,teleoperation, navigation, human-robot interaction arepresented to the reader. During the last years much efforthas been devoted to the application of robots and roboticstechnology in construction works. Most of them are forout-door application, where the tasks are developed incomplex unstructured environments and under hazardousconditions. The construction robots introduced during thelast years have dramatically improved labor conditions,productivity and quality levels, and also have increasedthe safety conditions for operators. The nowadays constructionrobotics technology tries to take advantage ofthe last developments for control, navigation, localization,human-machine interface or sensor use. Howeverrobotics in construction is still a very challenging topic inorder to clarify many unsolved R&D issues. The purpose of this special issue is to provide a reviewof open issues and new developments in robotics inconstruction, ranging from major construction engineeringprojects to residential building construction: <ul> <li> • Robotics for building construction.</li> <li> • Robotics for civil engineering: roads, bridges, earthmoving, etc.</li> <li> • Inspection, maintenance and infrastructures robots.</li> <li> • Navigation, mapping and localization of robots inconstruction environments.</li> <li> • Technology components for construction robots: 3Dsensors, end-effectors, HMI, control strategies, cooperation,safety, etc.</li> </ul>
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Nasvik, Joseph. "Making offices and construction sites safer from SARS-CoV-2." PCI Journal 65, no. 6 (2020): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.15554/pcij65.6-04.
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Construction is regarded as an essential industry, at least in a limited capacity, in many states, and it is cur¬rently challenged to keep workers safe on the jobsite. Social distancing, the first line of defense, requires workers to be a minimum of 6 ft (2 m) apart. But construction, especially concrete construction, often requires teams to be much closer together for some work functions, so other measures become important. Work on construction sites is being made safer through health screening, respirators and other face coverings, and frequent cleaning, among other things.
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Madhusudanan, Swetha, and Lilly Rose Amirtham. "Alternative Building Material Using Industrial and Agricultural Wastes." Key Engineering Materials 650 (July 2015): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.650.1.
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The conventional building material used in the construction industry in India is the burnt clay brick which has high embodied energy (1.4W/m K). It causes significant environmental hazards as it consumes considerable amount of top soil. Hence there is a need to produce environmentally responsive building materials for the construction of new buildings in order to meet the rapid urban growth. As an alternative, natural resources used in conventional building material can be replaced by industrial and agricultural wastes like fly ash, copper slag and phosphogypsum, slag to address and solve socio-economic problems such as employment, shortage of residential spaces while ensuring the economic feasibility. This paper thus attempts to identify an eco-friendly alternative building material by utilizing wastes from industrial & agricultural sites as partial substitutes of sand, cement or aggregates, thereby reducing continuous exploitation of these natural resources. . The properties of the alternative building wall materials are identified and compared with that of conventional bricks. Additionally the thermal conductivity of the proposed block is determined and compared with that of brick to provide a comfortable building environment for the end user.
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Windapo, Abimbola Olukemi, and Jack Steven Goulding. "Understanding the gap between green building practice and legislation requirements in South Africa." Smart and Sustainable Built Environment 4, no. 1 (2015): 67–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sasbe-01-2014-0002.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine green building legislation requirements and practices in the construction project execution stage within the context of the South African construction industry. The rationale for this examination rests with the perception that the implementation of green practices (per se) has been recognised as being “behind” the legislation enacted to control the design and construction of green buildings. Design/methodology/approach – The research process consisted of a literature review to identify existing green building legislation and practices applicable to the project execution phase. This was supported by a sequential mixed-method research approach, which involved a survey of contracting companies based in the Western Cape Province of South Africa. Purposive sampling was used to undertake focused interviews with management staff and site operatives. Findings – Research findings established a number of issues, not least: a gap between green building practices and legislation requirements; a high degree of unawareness of green building legislation/practices by construction company stakeholders; selective implementation of health and safety legislative requirements; that management staff had a more “positive” attitude to green building practices than site-based staff who tended to be less motivated and open to such practices. Research limitations/implications – Results from this study are considered generalisable with the sample frame only. Research inference and projections should therefore only be made within this set, and not to the wider population of South African contractors (as this study was limited to the Western Cape Province). Practical implications – Implications from this research are applicable to construction company stakeholders within the population set. Practical considerations include the need to acknowledge a formal commitment to developing a sustainable built environment – especially cognisant of the gap between practices on site and green building legislation requirements. Moreover, this lack of awareness in respect of green building practices and legislation requirements impinges upon several wider areas, not least: construction company stakeholders’ positioning, health and safety practices; managerial and operational staff perceptions, and stakeholders’ willingness and motivation to proactively address these gaps. Social implications – Government bodies and allied professionals in charge of construction industry development are encouraged to consider the implementation of green building legislation requirements on construction sites. This reflection should encourage engagement through formative legislative provision and transparent awareness campaigns. Originality/value – This work is original insofar as it directly addresses the alignment of legislation to current practices within the context of the South African construction industry. However, similar exercises have been undertaken on green building legislation in other countries such as USA, UK and Australia.
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Naoum, Shamil George. "Factors influencing labor productivity on construction sites." International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management 65, no. 3 (2016): 401–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijppm-03-2015-0045.
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Purpose – Productivity is a worldwide problem and efforts have been made over the last three decades or so to explore ways to increase the rate of productivity on construction sites. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the state of the art in productivity research and to present the findings of a survey into the factors that can impair productivity on site. Design/methodology/approach – A literature review is structured under five general headings: pre-construction activities; activities during construction; managerial and leadership issues; motivational factors; and organizational factors. In total, 46 determinants were extracted from the above headings and were assessed by 36 main contractors. Findings – The literature review revealed that while there has been an advancement in developing techniques and tools to improving productivity on site, more need to be done to invest in technology and innovation. The interview survey indicated that factors associated with pre-construction activities, namely, the “experience of the selected site and project managers,” “design errors,” “buildability of the design,” “project planning,” “communication,” “ leadership style” and “procurement method” as the most critical factors influencing site productivity. Other highly ranked factors are “mismanagement of material” and “the work environment.” Research limitations/implications – The survey is based on main contractors and thus not generalized to cover other sectors of the building team such as designers and engineers. Practical implications – Outcome of this research can be used to provide professionals and contractors guidance for focussing, acting upon and controlling the most significant factors perceived to influence the construction labor productivity (CLP) on site. Originality/value – First, reviewed the state of the art and trends in construction productivity research. Second, primary survey with industry experts to rank the relative importance of factors that can influence CLP on site.
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Moselhi, Osama, and Stanley Hason. "Robotics in construction: implementation and economic evaluation." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 16, no. 5 (1989): 678–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l89-101.
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This paper presents a review of current worldwide efforts in automation and robotization for construction. Over a dozen countries are currently involved in such research efforts to overcome mainly declining productivity, increasing labor costs, hazards in the workplace, and scarcity of skilled labor. Research and development progress of Japanese contractors is emphasized, as they are aggressively introducing robots on site. A number of their leading contractors are visited, and applications of robotic equipment utilized on building construction sites in Japan are summarized. The Canadian construction industry, existing in a harsh climate and affected by shortages of skilled labor and high labor costs, needs to carefully consider construction robotics in order to meet its changing needs. The characteristics of the Canadian environment are presented and factors that have a direct bearing on the feasibility and implementation of robotics are emphasized. Different methods for the evaluation of the value of a construction robot are presented and applied to a numerical example. Comparisons are then made between the U.S. and Canada. It is believed that, given existing technology, economical constraints will either force or impede the implementation of robotics. Key words: Canadian construction industry, construction robot, automation, building construction, productivity, feasibility.
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Teixeira, Eduardo de Carvalho, Marco Aurélio Stumpf González, Luiz Fernando Mälmann Heineck, Andrea Parisi Kern, and Guilherme Manfredini Bueno. "Modelling waste generated during construction of buildings using regression analysis." Waste Management & Research 38, no. 8 (2019): 857–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x19893012.
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The building industry is responsible for a large amount of waste, and the measurement and modelling of this waste could be used to develop better waste management plans. Several theoretical models explain the relationships between waste and building characteristics, but local practices may result in different behaviours. This study aimed to measure and analyse the waste generated through construction. It was based on the analysis of 18 building sites located in the region of Porto Alegre, Brazil. Waste was measured at these sites, and the results showed an average waste generation rate of 0.151 m3 m-2. A regression analysis of the collected data presented a satisfactory performance in two models. The first model was developed to explain total waste generation, including the effects of certain attributes, with an R2 = 0.81. The changes in waste generated during construction were estimated. The second model considered time schedules and examined the effect of the construction stage on waste generation, and reached an R2 = 0.91. The model with time indicated an S-shaped relationship. The models presented satisfactory statistical parameters and could be used to produce better waste management plans in the preconstruction stage.
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Sidelnikova. "MONITORING OF RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS OF BUILDINGS." Биосферная совместимость: человек, регион, технологии, no. 2(26) (July 1, 2019): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21869/23-11-1518-2019-26-2-15-23.
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Human economic activity leads to a significant redistribution of natural radionuclides in the environ-ment. Radiation background in buildings is considered as one of the main types of radiation exposure on the population, since a person spends most of his time indoors. Currently, with the adoption of federal laws: “On the radiation safety of the population” No. 3-FZ 09.01.1996, “On the Sanitary and Epidemiological Welfare of the Population” No. 52-FZ 30.03.1999, and also on the “Radiation Safety Standards "(NRB-99/2009)," Basic Sanitary Rules for Ensuring Radiation Safety "(OSPORB-99/2009), approaches to the organization of radiation control in the construction industry and, consequently, to the organization of radiation safety con-trol of the population, have changed in many ways. The article deals with the problems of ensuring radiation and environmental safety in the construction of buildings.The need for research on the radiation-ecological characteristics of buildings is shown. An important problem for the construction industry is the radiation and hygienic support of technological processes and construction. In many ways, the solution of the problems related to improving of the radiation safety of building complexes depends on the implementation of legisla-tion connected with population restrictions from exposure of natural radionuclides. The results of large-scale studies of the effective specific activity of natural radionuclides in building materials and industrial waste produced and used in the Volgograd region are presented in this article. It has been established that con-struction materials produced in the Volgograd region, in accordance with national legislative and regulatory requirements, belong to class 1 and can be used for the construction of residential and public buildings. There have been presented the results of the survey on the radon content in the air of residential buildings from various building materials, as well as the density of radon fluxes from the soil. Radiation monitoring of construction sites is necessa ensure the radiation safety of the population.
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C.O, Igwe, and Onoh Eze C. J. . "Entrepreneurial and Functional Building Technology Education as a Means of Achieving Vision 2020 in Nigeria." Journal of Education and Vocational Research 3, no. 9 (2012): 291–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jevr.v3i9.80.
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Entrepreneurial and functional building technology education, if well positioned has the potentials of launching Nigeria into the first 20 world economies by the year 2020. This paper integrates the industrial, educational and entrepreneurial activities that results in increased productivity. Functional building technology career broadly categorised into professional and non-professional. The paper reviewed the entrepreneurial prospects open to the non-professional builders trained in the technical institutions equipped with the knowledge and skills to competently perform in the building construction sites as craftsmen, technicians and technologist. Also, other entrepreneurial activities in the public and private sectors at both small and medium scale capacity. The review presented inadequate budgetary allocation to the education sector, dearth of infrastructural facilities, also, the gap existing between the construction industry and the technical institutions. It recommended, increased funding and acquisition of modern equipment/machine and adequate infrastructural facilities. Also, establish a sustainable linkage between the construction industry and technical institutions. Implementation of these will result in increased productivity, robust economy and actualization of the nation’s vision 2020.
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Tanna, Aditi, and Sambhaji B. Gunjal. "Assessment of Peak Expiratory Flow Rate in Building Construction Workers in Maharashtra." International Journal of Health Sciences and Research 11, no. 6 (2021): 388–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijhsr.20210658.
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Background: In this era of globalization one of the growing industries is the construction industry and there are various occupational problems faced by the workers especially in Asian countries mostly in India; the problems are related to both physical and mental health. All the construction sites generate high concentration of dust particles from cement, silica, asbestos, concrete, wood, stand and stand that causes respiratory problems in the workers. PEFR is the maximum air that is generated after forceful expiration, after full lung inspiration. So if there is any accumulation of dust particles the PEFR decreases as the elasticity of lungs to recoil is distrusted due to the lodged particles. Material and Method: A descriptive observation study was carried out on 50 building construction workers. The purpose of the study was explained and informed consent was taken. The PEFR was measured using peak expiratory flow meter. The data was analyzed using standard statistical software. Result: The procedure of using peak flow meter that was carried out for 3 times and the highest value from the three was considered as peak flow rate, using statistical method mean and standard deviation were calculated. The mean of Peak Expiratory Flow Rate is 321.1 L/min. Conclusion: This study concluded that the peak expiratory flow rate is reduced in building construction workers those who are working for than 2 years on the construction sites. Key words: construction workers, occupation diseases, PEFR, peak expiratory flow meter.
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SHEMBAKOV, V. A. "Innovative Construction Technology with High Factory Readiness from the Chuvash Republic." Zhilishchnoe Stroitel'stvo, no. 10 (2020): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.31659/0044-4472-2020-10-29-35.
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The technology that fully meets the modern requirements of the market in the Russian Federation is presented – stand technology of precast-monolithic frame and large-panel housing construction with the use of floor slabs with pre-stressing up to 8 m, both solid and caisson versions on universal stands. This technology, which combines the best solutions of prefabricated, monolithic, panel, brick and other construction technologies, competes with the latest Western developments. The advantages of the proposed technology are as follows: high factory readiness and quality, versatility and architectural expressiveness of building structures (97% of the frame), precast building; energy savings – consumption is three times less compared to existing technologies for the production of reinforced concrete products; material savings (1.5 times less than for monolithic and panel housing construction); high speed of construction (up to 5 ths. m2 of prefabricated monolithic frame per month for one tower crane; lower weight of bearing structures compared to other structures (0.146 m3 of precast concrete per 1 m2 of the total area of the building) and, as a result, lower costs for foundations and the use of mechanisms with a lower load capacity on construction sites; reliable erection without welding; usable area – more than 80% of the total area; free planning solutions; quick adjustment of equipment for the production of products necessary for the market at a given time. The bench technology of precast-monolithic frame and large-panel housing construction with the use of floor slabs with pre-stressing up to 8 m is an example of the implementation of inter-industry cooperation in the construction materials and mechanical engineering industry based on Russian scientific developments and adapted modern foreign technologies. Keywords: innovations, construction technology with high factory readiness, modernization of large-panel housing construction and construction industry plants, industrial housing construction, prefabricated monolithic frame, energy efficiency, construction speed.
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Khaleel, Tareq, and Ahmed Al-Zubaidy. "Major factors contributing to the construction waste generation in building projects of Iraq." MATEC Web of Conferences 162 (2018): 02034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201816202034.
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Due to the economic growth and improvement of the construction industry witnessed by most countries, there has become a crucial need for employing modern possibilities in the construction sector to build taller, longer and deeper structures. However, one aspect that heads forward with the same intensity is the generation of 100 million tons of construction waste every year. This generation has occurred due to several factors with different levels of importance. Hence, this study reveals 15 factors influencing construction waste generation and categorizes them into 3 groups, (materials management on site), (materials handling, transportation and storage) and (site management and practices). A questionnaire survey of 100 respondents was distributed among different engineers to assess the construction waste factors. Results showed that damage of materials on site, double handling of materials and incompetent contractor’s technical staff were the most significant factors of each category with Relative Importance Indexes (RII) of 0.866, 0.844 and 0.83, respectively. These findings will help the practitioners to reduce construction waste quantities in sites and improve waste management performance factors to control the construction waste problems.
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Ameh, Oko, and Emeka Osegbo. "Study of relationship between time overrunand productivity on construction sites." International Journal of Construction Supply Chain Management 1, no. 1 (2011): 56–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.14424/ijcscm101011-56-67.
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The history of the construction industry worldwide is full of projects that were completed with significant time and cost overruns. In an attempt to reverse this trend, this study aims at establishing the relationship between time overrun and labour productivity on construction sites in Lagos, Nigeria. 43 technical and management staff of some medium and large construction firms based in Lagos, Nigeria were sampled and administered a questionnaire survey. The questionnaire contained 18 causes of project time overrun and 14 causes of low labour productivity which had been identified from the literature reviewed. With these a relationship between project time overrun and low labour productivity was established. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used in analyzing the data. Results indicate that inadequate funds for the project, inadequate planning before project takeoff, inadequate tools and equipment and delay in delivery of material top the list of major causes of time overrun while the use of wrong construction methods, inadequate construction materials and inaccurate drawing/specification are the key factors causing low labour productivity on construction sites. Significant negative relationship was found between time overrun and labour productivity in construction sites in Nigeria. The study concludes by recommending that early appointment of project managers could ensure proper management of both the human and material resources that could guarantee improved productivity and ultimately save projects from time overrun.
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Jones, R. D. "The Prediction of Noise from Construction Sites – The History of a National Standard." Building Acoustics 3, no. 4 (1996): 233–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1351010x9600300402.
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The British Standard Code of Practice for noise control on construction and demolition sites has been in existence for 21 years. In that time, it has evolved and been expanded to cover both other open site activities and also to include vibration. This paper considers the evolution and some of the thought processes and driving forces to implement the changes which have occurred. It also reviews experience of the use of the Code and perceived shortfalls, and whether these have any material impact on the Code's validity. Experience has shown that the Code has stood the test of time and served the construction industry well, particularly where it has been more widely used on major development and infrastructure projects.
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Afzal, Muneeb, Muhammad Tariq Shafiq, and Hammad Al Jassmi. "Improving construction safety with virtual-design construction technologies – a review." Journal of Information Technology in Construction 26 (July 20, 2021): 319–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.36680/j.itcon.2021.018.
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The construction industry is prone to major safety hazards owing to the complex and onsite nature of construction projects. Hence, construction researchers have been pursuing concepts, methods, and tools using advancing technologies to improve construction safety management. Subsequently, the rapid digitization of construction work practices is providing opportunities to improve construction safety. Research has revealed that construction safety management practices can benefit from the applications of virtual design construction technologies (VDC), such as building information modeling (BIM), virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), geographic information systems (GIS), and gaming technology. This study comprehensively reviews 191 research articles, published between 2010 and 2019, focusing on providing an overview of the implementation and application of VDC technologies for improving construction safety. The objective of this review is to critically collect and analyze applications of VDC technologies and present a holistic view of the features and functions of VDC technologies that can impact jobsite safety improvement in the construction industry. The review showed that VDC technologies can substantially improve construction safety. Emerging digital technologies, such as BIM, VR, AR, GIS, and gaming technologies can transform the traditional document-oriented safety procedures into digitalized safety practices allowing safety managers to visualize and analysis construction sites virtually to devise proactive safety measures and effective safety trainings. This study also highlights challenges such as research gaps regarding these digital tools that are currently impeding their widespread use in construction safety.
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Paslawski, Jerzy. "FLEXIBILITY APPROACH IN CONSTRUCTION PROCESS ENGINEERING / LANKSTUMAS STATYBOS PROCESO INŽINERIJOJE." Technological and Economic Development of Economy 14, no. 4 (2008): 518–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/1392-8619.2008.14.518-530.
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The issues of environmental impact on building processes constitute a permanent aspect of the building industry, irrespective of various preventive actions (prefabrication, robotics etc.). The proposed method was developed in the course of tracking problems that arise during performance of building processes exposed to weather impact (as an example of interruptions) on construction sites of airports, highways, logistic centres, or installation of tall building facades. The proposed approach is based on creating multiple variants for process realization options, thus enabling adaptation to current realization conditions at particular stages. The studies that have been carried out confirm the advantage of this method over the traditional planning based on a single realization variant. Santrauka Aplinkos poveikis statybos procesui yra būdingas statybos pramonei nepaisant prevencinių veiksmų (surenkamųjų elementų gamyba, robotizacija). Pasiūlytas metodas buvo sukurtas stebint problemas, atsirandančias vykdant oro sąlygų veikiamus statybos procesus (pavyzdžiui, trikdžius) oro uostų, magistralinių kelių, logistikos centrų, aukštų pastatų fasado įrengimo darbų, statybos aikštelėse. Sukurtojo metodo esmė – pasiūlyti daug variantų konkrečiam procesui įvykdyti. Tai leidžia parinkti tam tikras konkrečių darbų etapų įvykdymo sąlygas. Tyrimas patvirtino, kad šis metodas pranašesnis už tradicinį planavimą, teturintį vienintelį darbų įvykdymo variantą.
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Acchar, Wilson, Jaquelígia B. Silva, Vamberto M. Silva, Luciano Costa Góis, and Ana M. Segadães. "Incorporation of Fired Ceramic Waste into Binary and Ternary Earth-Binder (S) Mixtures for Compressed Blocks." Materials Science Forum 798-799 (June 2014): 498–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.798-799.498.
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In Brazil, the majority of construction and demolition waste materials (CDW) is sent to waste dumps or landfill sites. Having low cost applications in mind, this work has the purpose of investigating the effect of the incorporation of fired ceramic rubble reclaimed from CDW obtained directly from the building construction industry on the final properties of compressed earth blocks, which are especially interesting in low-income and marginalized communities. To this aim, clay-based mixtures containing up to 5 wt.% of ceramic rubble were prepared. Lime and cement were added as binders (6, 8, 10 and 12 wt.%). Cylindrical test pieces were produced by uniaxial compression and left to harden at ambient conditions for 7, 28 and 56 days. The hardened specimens were characterized in terms of microstructure (SEM), compressive strength, water absorption and wear resistance. The results obtained in physical and mechanical evaluation tests demonstrated that small contents of ceramic rubble from the building construction industry can easily be incorporated into compressed earth blocks without degradation of typical properties, enabling savings in cement addition.
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Azman, Mohamed Nor Azhari, Mohd Sanusi S. Ahamad, Taksiah A. Majid, Ahmad Shukri Yahaya, and Mohd Hanizun Hanafi. "STATISTICAL EVALUATION OF PRE-SELECTION CRITERIA FOR INDUSTRIALIZED BUILDING SYSTEM (IBS)." Journal of Civil Engineering and Management 19, Supplement_1 (2014): S131—S140. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2013.801921.
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The Malaysian government has endorsed the use of an industrialized building system (IBS) in domestic projects. These have shifted the focus of the nation's construction industry towards mass production and modular products. A proper study on site selection criteria for new IBS precast manufacturing sites has now become essential. The preliminary study in this research determines the IBS precast manufacturing site selection criteria from literature reviews. Questionnaires pertaining to IBS acceptance and preference criteria were send to manufacturers, policymakers, academicians and contractors. The outcome analyses the respondents’ view towards 15 site selection criteria. The result from the ANOVA statistical test indicates that most respondents agreed with the selected criteria except political and regulation criteria, urban requirement criteria, and personal criteria. However, there is a significant difference within the opinions of the contractors and manufacturers sector. Likewise, the mean ranking analysis of criteria shows significant difference in their preferences. The ideal rank of criteria preferred by the correspondents are costs, transportation and optimum distance, land sites, resources and utilization, infrastructures, economy markets, labour, inter-industry linkage, environmental risk, competition, personal, population, capacity, political and regulatory, and urban criteria.
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Kwok Wai Wong, Johnny, and Autumn H.Q. Lin. "Construction workplace discrimination." Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management 21, no. 4 (2014): 403–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ecam-09-2013-0082.
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Purpose – The construction industry has been criticized for cultural intolerance and its poor industrial image. The ethnically diverse construction workplace in Hong Kong (HK) is frequently noted as a place in which racial harassment and discrimination occurs. The purpose of this paper is to explore the discriminatory experiences and working conditions experienced by ethnic minority (EM) construction operatives in HK. Design/methodology/approach – A mixed-method approach was adopted, including a questionnaire survey and focus group discussions. The survey identified the thoughts of EM construction workers about racial discrimination and harassment in the workplace. The focus group discussions were aimed at further exploring the discriminatory practices on HK construction sites and possible discrimination-coping strategies. Findings – Questionnaire data from 100 EM site operatives and labourers mainly from Nepal and Pakistan, but some few from other Asian countries as well as, plus two focus group discussions suggested that indirect and subtle forms of racial harassment do exist on HK construction sites. The operatives sampled reported the existence of inequality of treatment in their working life. Communication difficulties caused by language barriers affect work relationships between different cultural groups on construction sites. EM site operatives tend to interact with workers of similar cultural and ethnic groups. On the corporate/company level, language support and translations of safety procedures notices and policies, should be established to bring staff together and promote a more inclusive and harmonious workplace. Originality/value – The paper offers insights into the racial discrimination problems in the construction sector in an Asian context, which has been less explored. It aims to provide insight into the EM construction worker's situation in HK as well as the need for developing workplace-specific policies that protect against discrimination and protect the rights of EM workers.
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Swallow, Mark, and Sambo Zulu. "Students’ awareness and perception of the value of BIM and 4D for site health and safety management." Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology 18, no. 2 (2019): 414–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jedt-07-2019-0174.
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Purpose The education sector is at the forefront of developing tomorrow’s construction professionals. It is therefore important that with the current rate of change in the construction industry, education curriculum should be seen to be relevant. An area that is revolutionising the construction industry is the use of Building Information Modelling (BIM), including its potential for improving H&S on construction sites. This paper aims to focus on the perception of higher education (HE) students on the potential impact of 4D modelling on the management of site health and safety on construction sites. Design/methodology/approach A quasi-experimental approach was adopted to determine student’s perception of the extent to which 4D modelling and simulation can impact H&S management. Pre-test and post-test students’ perceptions of the value of 4D to management of health and safety were compared. Findings The influence of education was examined by using two main students groups, one group studying BIM modules within their course while the other group did not. Although minimal perception differences regarding key impacts of 4D were highlighted, the awareness differences were significant. The study demonstrated the perception of benefits regarding 4D for H&S being in the planning of site logistics, visualisation, programme accuracy and risk reduction. The study highlights the importance of relevant education, to increase awareness of 4D for Health and Safety. Originality/value While most of the studies reported in academic literature on education and training related to university/tertiary education, this study focused on the higher education level students. It considered this as an equally important cohort as the graduates will also contribute to health and safety management on construction sites. The study also demonstrated the value of including technology based H&S training to mirror developments in the construction industry.
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Hussain, Ali. "Evaluating Waste Material Among Construction Project: Identify Reason Waste and Suggestion Improvement Designer, Contractor and Client Practice." Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers 43, no. 6 (2021): 453–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4491/ksee.2021.43.6.453.
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Objectives : This research evaluate the level of construction waste materials in Iraq construction industry and compare construction material waste among three types of executing projects including specialist contractors, general building contractor and government department.Methods : The target materials in this study were brick, cement, sand, steel, gravel and thermo-stone. SPSS V24. Descriptive and inferential analyses were applied in this study.Results and Discussion : Field observation show that the highest percentage of waste was “Brick” with 15.21% followed by “Sand” with 12.52% and “Thermo-stone” with 12.02%. The lowest percentage of waste in Iraq construction project was “Steel” and “Cement” with 3.96% and 4% respectively. The results of a comparison between these three groups confirmed that for all types of construction project waste, the governmental project had the highest percentage (12.77%), special contractor (11.19%), a general building contractor (9.71%). The major waste from materials was handling with 31.9%, concrete construction with 28.09% and 24.26% the finishing.Conclusion The percentage of losses in the construction sites is very high compared to the permissible limit implementing inexpensive preventive measures, mostly related to managerial practice improvements.
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Loudoun, Rebecca, and Keith Townsend. "Implementing health promotion programs in the Australian construction industry." Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management 24, no. 2 (2017): 260–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ecam-09-2015-0140.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify possible agents and levers to trigger the development and implementation of work place health promotion programs (WHPPs) in the Australian construction industry. Unlike most large workplaces and most high-risk workplaces, these programs are rarely found in the construction sector. Design/methodology/approach Qualitative interviews with 80 trades workers and site-based and off-site construction managers are used to reveal perceptions of the impact of WHPPs and ill-health and poor health behaviors on site activities with a view to identifying leverage points to introduce WHPPs in construction. Findings Unhealthy lifestyle behaviors are seen as impacting on sites in three main ways: productivity (broadly defined), safety and interpersonal relations. Results also reveal specific roles and levers for different actors in the supply chain and a clear desire for a collective, industry-based response to identified health problems. Practical implications High levels of chronic diseases in the construction industry means firms within the sector must make a concerted attempt to change patterns of behavior or face significant long-term health implications for their workforce. Reducing levels of health and longevity of the workforce, mean work performance, productivity and participation is likely to decline. Originality/value Although construction workers are recognized as one of the workforces at most risk for life limiting diseases such as Type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, relatively little work has investigated health and well-being considerations for construction workers. This study contributes by investigating possible levers and agents to create healthier workplaces in construction.
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Gribach, Ju S., D. S. Gribach та O. I. Poddaeva. "Сomparative analysis of the calculation results of infiltration losses on the example of a residential building in Moscow". Power and Autonomous equipment 1, № 2 (2019): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.32464/2618-8716-2018-1-2-63-72.
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Today, the problem of energy efficiency is one of the leading positions in world politics. On the territory of the Russian Federation, a sufficient number of regulatory documents in the construction industry have been developed and put into effect, which regulate the activities of designers and builders in the field of energy efficiency, including in matters of energy losses. However, today this direction is not sufficiently developed: more than 10 % is spent on air heating during infiltration, while the process itself requires the most detailed study. On the basis of scientific and technical literature, the staff of the National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering concluded that there is a dependence of air infiltration on the distribution of the velocity of wind flows along the building facades. It was also determined that the calculation of infiltration losses on the methods available to date overstates the results, which leads to large economic losses during construction. In this regard, a study of infiltration losses was carried out using data obtained from experimental studies of wind effects on the construction site. The article presents a brief methodology for carrying out this study, a description of the process of the experiment, as well as a comparison of the data obtained in the calculation according to SP 50.13330.2012, GOST R 55656-2012 and GOST R 55656-2012 with the results of an experimental study.Introduction:the regulatory documents used in the construction industry on the territory of the Russian Federation that regulate the activities of designers and builders in the field of energy efficiency, including in matters of energy losses, are described. An analysis of the technical literature regarding the subject under study is also presented, including issues related to heat losses and infiltration.Methods:methods for calculating infiltration losses according to SP 50.13330.2012, GOST R 55656-2013 and GOST R 55656-2013 are described using data on the aerodynamic characteristics of buildings obtained in the course of experimental studies of wind impact on buildings. A brief algorithm for performing physical modeling of air flow to construction sites, which was developed by the staff of the Educational, Scientific and Production Laboratory for aerodynamic and aeroacoustic testing of building structures of the National Research University MGSU, is presented.Results and discussions:the approbation of this research methodology is presented, and a comparative graph of the calculation results for all three methods is given on the example of a residential complex under construction in Moscow.Conclusion:the conclusion is made about the need to conduct experimental studies of wind impact on construction sites in order to obtain more accurate results of the calculation of infiltration.
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Hai, Dinh Tuan, and Nguyen Van Tam. "Application of the Regression Model for Evaluating Factors Affecting Construction Workers’ Labor Productivity in Vietnam." Open Construction and Building Technology Journal 13, no. 1 (2019): 353–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874836801913010353.
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Background: In the rapidly-developed construction industry, labor productivity has improved to a great extent, still, it is low compared with many other industries. The enhancement of labor productivity has become important that attracts much attention and focus from researchers in Vietnam and around the world. Aim: This paper focuses on key factors affecting labor productivity of construction sites in Vietnam by introducing a regression model to evaluate the extent of each factor’s impact on the labor productivity of construction workers. Methods: Ten groups of impacting factors were identified as factors relevant to construction worker, factors relevant to site operation and management, factors relevant to motivation, factors relevant to working time, factors relevant to labor working tools, factors relevant to labor working conditions, factors relevant to working safety, factors relevant to project informations, factors relevant to natural environment, and factors relevant to socio-economic conditions. Results: By referring to research results, Vietnamese construction contractors will be able to come up with workable solutions towards a better performance of construction workers. Conclusion: On that basis, the productivity of construction firms and the workers will be improved correspondingly.
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Topchiy, Dmitriy, Alexey Yurgaytis, and Dmitriy Yurgaytis. "Introduction potential of GPS navigation technology for supervision control at capital construction, reconstruction and conversion projects." E3S Web of Conferences 175 (2020): 12018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017512018.
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This article analyzes potential use of various navigation technologies to implement building supervision functions for capital construction, reconstruction and conversion projects. It indicates the basic prerequisites for the development of such technologies and describes the navigation physical principle applicable due to its properties for a certain range of supervision functions in the construction industry. The article also examines testing of Corresponding software systems on the construction sites in Moscow in control operations by the Technical Customer’s engineers, and analyzes the potential of using adjacent navigation systems for similar purposes as compared with the main physical and technical characteristics of implementation in professional software packages.
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Sultanov, Takhir, Ravshan Nurimbetov, and Azizbek Zikriyoev. "Innovative health and safety standards is a sustainable development performance for the construction sector of Uzbekistan." E3S Web of Conferences 97 (2019): 03023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199703023.
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Due to high level of agglomeration many innovative standards are being implemented in industry sectors of the world countries. Ensuring the safety of the environment and the human production is an urgent task of modern civilized societies. Especially, it plays a great role in construction industry since many building processes become based on hi-technologies and extreme engineering atmosphere. Naturally, high probability of risks and hazard might cause in and out of the construction site during the working hours occur major accidents. Only way is reaming optimize and implement of international standards on Health and Safety Law at work affects human, financial and environmental factors of the country. The main objective purpose of the paper is reducing injures and accidents at construction industry and implement recent modern legislation system in Uzbekistan. It helps for contribute finishing construction projects on time, on budget and on high quality standards with zero rate accident regulation. Although, health and safety theories are important for the prevention of accidents scientifically with a little in-depth knowledge on their outcomes and processes. This research deals with this gap by using methodology on occupational safety standards in construction sites.