Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Building sites – Management'

This thesis is concerned with the improvement of construction practices by studying the application in the sector of some core principles underlying current production management theories. The research is motivated by the recognition in recent literature that the best production practices world-wide have a common core. The core principles investigated in this research are the "reduction of cycle time", "reduction of variability", "increase of transparency" and "build of continuous improvement into the process". The fundamental rationale underlying these principles is the concept of flow where production is seen as composed of waiting, transporting, inspecting and transformation (processing) activities. According to this concept, transformation activities are the only ones that actually add value. Hence, all other activities should be reduced or eliminated from the flow whilst increasing the efficiency of transformation activities. The assessment of construction practices against the theory was carried out through six case studies, based in England and Brazil, and a complementary meta-case. Cross-case study analysis showed that construction already applies all heuristic approaches relating to the flow principles under study. However, the intra-case study analysis revealed a serious lack of integration among the literal replications identified in each of the case studies. Integration of practices matching the theory is critical since the evidence suggests that there is a correlation between production performance and the level of integration among literal replications. An additional case study investigated the issue of how to implement these principles in the practice of construction. The interaction with the host company happened through an Action Learning set supported by the Revans Centre for Action Learning and Research. The experiment showed that a combination of both "push" and "pull" learning seems to be an appropriate approach for introducing the principles in study in the construction sector. Top management positive support during "gestation" period was the most important factor for motivating people to "pull" the learning after the initial 'push' learning exercise.

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Estudo sobre a “Capacidade de Gestão no Sistema Estadual de Vigilância Sanitária da Bahia: Enfoque do Planejamento Estratégico e Instrumentos de Gestão” tendo por objetivos: a) avaliar como a capacidade de planejamento dos gestores municipais contribui para que os municípios cumpram as metas pactuadas na área de Vigilância Sanitária; b) analisar os Planos de Saúde (2002-2005) e os Planos de Vigilância Sanitária (2006), dos municípios em gestão plena e/ou com adesão ao TAM, como instrumento de gestão municipal; c) avaliar a contribuição do planejamento, das ações de Vigilância Sanitária, para a ampliação da capacidade de gestão; d) avaliar a capacidade dos municípios em cumprir as metas pactuadas na Programação Pactuada Integrada (PPI) e no Termo de Ajuste e Metas (TAM) no ano de 2006. Tem como marco referencial o método de planejamento proposto por Carlos Matus, o “Planejamento Estratégico Situacional (PES)”, que é um método direcionado para o setor público, no qual os atores são os partidos políticos, governantes, dirigentes de organizações públicas, empresariais e sindicais. È um estudo de natureza descritiva, do tipo qualitativo no qual, os municípios em Gestão Plena do Sistema Municipal ou que aderiram ao Termo de Ajuste e Metas até dezembro de 2006 se constituem no campo de investigação. Os sujeitos do estudo foram os secretários municipais de saúde e os coordenadores municipais de VISA. No que se refere às técnicas de análise, como fontes primárias foram utilizadas entrevistas semi-estruturada e questionários e secundária a análise documental dos relatórios de supervisão da DIVISA, Planos Municipais de Saúde e Planos Municipais de Vigilância Sanitária. O método de análise de dados foi análise de conteúdo, utilizando como subcategoria a análise estrutural. A partir dos dados produzidos foram identificadas cinco categorias de análise: a realidade; a imagem-objeto; a situação-objetivo; a estratégia de ação e o gerenciamento da execução. O estudo apresentou a dicotomia entre o discurso marxista de planejamento proposto pelos coordenadores federal e estadual do sistema de VISA e o modelo de organização que se alinha com o modelo burocrático proposto por Weber. No que se refere ao processo de trabalho o modelo tende a se amoldar ao proposto por Taylor. Os resultados demonstraram que os sujeitos, na sua maioria, não detêm conhecimento sobre o processo de planejamento em saúde, bem como da importância do planejamento para a capacidade de gestão e conseqüentemente para o alcance dos objetivos organizacionais e das metas pactuadas. Como principais resultados foram identificados que os municípios alvo deste estudo, na sua maioria, apresentam uma baixa capacidade de gestão; demonstram uma incipiente capacidade de planejamento; insignificante participação da vigilância sanitária municipal na elaboração dos Planos Municipais de Saúde; os Planos de VISA não assumem as ações de Média Complexidade pactuadas por meio do TAM; os instrumentos de gestão e programação não são utilizados na elaboração dos Planos Municipais de Saúde e nos Planos de VISA e no discurso o planejamento é ascendente, mas na prática o planejamento é descendente. Para transformar essa realidade, este estudo propõe o fortalecimento do sistema municipal de VISA por meio: do apoio e do assessoramento aos gestores municipais para que estes assumam as competências e responsabilidades originadas do processo de pactuação; da inclusão das ações de VISA de baixa e média complexidade no Plano Municipal de Saúde e no Plano de VISA; da capacitação dos gestores municipais e os profissionais de VISA na área de: políticas públicas de saúde, gestão e planejamento.
Salvador

Os empreendimentos de construção civil são um dos maiores causadores de impactos ao meio ambiente. Essa pesquisa justifica-se assim pela necessidade da minimização de tais impactos e do desenvolvimento de ferramentas para a gestão ambiental, aplicáveis no âmbito das empresas construtoras. A aplicabilidade de sistemas de gestão ambiental em empresas construtoras de edifícios é determinada por meio da caracterização dos aspectos ambientais de seu processo produtivo e também da discussão do panorama político e legislativo, setorial e acadêmico, que demonstram a tendência por uma construção mais sustentável. A análise dos elementos propostos pela norma ISO 14001:1996 também justifica a opção pela gestão ambiental em empresas construtoras, uma vez que se apresenta como uma forma coerente e viável de padronizar a ação destas empresas sobre os aspectos ambientais identificados. E, finalmente, para ilustrar a aplicabilidade de sistemas de gestão ambiental em empresas construtoras de edifícios é proposta uma metodologia específica integrando os conceitos da gestão ambiental à gestão da qualidade e atuando sobre os seus pontos críticos. Como fundamentos para a elaboração desta metodologia, é feita uma análise das similaridades entre os sistemas de gestão e, principalmente, uma análise das experiências observadas nos estudos de caso e nos depoimentos apresentados por empresas construtoras, incluindo a observância de suas especificidades, necessidades e dificuldades.
The necessity to minimize the environmental impacts that come from construction activities, the existence of environmental management tools and available site solutions, they all justify this research. The applicability of environmental management systems at contractors is presented by characterizing the environmental aspects of production, and also by showing the political, legal, industrial and academic scenario. This information illustrates and represents the tendency of sustainable construction. The analysis of the elements proposed by the ISO 14001:1996 also justifies the option to implement environmental management at contractors, once it presents a coherent and applicable way to standardize these organizations' actions concerning the identified environmental aspects. And finally, to demonstrate the applicability of environmental management systems at contractors, a specific methodology is proposed, integrating the environmental management concepts into quality management and acting on their crucial issues. The analysis of the similarities found between these two management systems and, mainly, the analysis of the experiences observed on case studies and speeches presented by contractors, including their specificities, necessities and difficulties, they both have worked as a basis for this methodology elaboration.

A presente pesquisa objetiva analisar a Política Pública de Urbanização de Favelas, em Santo André, através das práticas e procedimentos adotados na urbanização no Núcleo Capuava e da inserção desta política junto à outras políticas públicas transversais implementadas no período de 1997 a 2007. A partir da reflexão sobre os problemas enfrentados no processo de urbanização verificamos como o projeto de urbanização pode ser alterado nos processos de canteiro e desenho, alterando também os processos de gestão de contratos, medições e prestação de contas do município. Até que ponto a política de urbanização, ao promover a diferenciação do espaço urbano através da implantação de infraestrutura em certas regiões e não em outras, não está reconstruindo também a estrutura de poder. Procuramos analisar se a afirmação da política habitacional de urbanização reitera a apropriação do espaço da cidade, de forma desigual, ressaltando a forma como a riqueza é produzida na cidade mantendo o modo como frações de classe (mais alta renda) controlam a produção do espaço através do domínio do mercado imobiliário, da ideologia e do Estado.
The present objective research to analyze the Public Politics of Urbanization of Slum quarters, in Santo André, through practical and the procedures adopted in the urbanization in the Capuava Slum and of the insertion of this politics next to the others transversal public politics implemented in the period of 1997 the 2007. From the reflection on the problems faced in the urbanization process we verify as the urbanization project can be modified in the processes of workmanships and projects, also modifying the processes of contract management, measurements and rendering of accounts of the city. Until point the urbanization politics, when promoting the differentiation of the urban space through the infrastructure implantation in certain e regions not in others, is also not reconstructing the structure of being able. We look for to analyze if the affirmation of the habitacional politics of urbanization reiterates the appropriation of the space of the city, of different form, standing out the form as the wealth is produced in the city keeping the way as high society control the production of the space through thedomain of the real estate market, the ideology and the State.

Vid en brand på byggarbetsplatsen finns det risk för personskador, skador på egendom och att byggproduktionen hamnar i ett driftstopp som kan bli kostsamt. Det finns brister vid planeringen av brandskyddet under byggtid (BUB) och vid olika arbetsmoment på byggarbetsplatsen. Planeringen av BUB behöver förbättras utefter hur en byggarbetsplats, och således brandrisker, förändras under byggproduktionen. Ett förslag på hur detta skulle kunna förbättras är att BUB är med i produktionsplaneringen och redovisas på arbetsplatsdispositionsplaner (APD-planer). Arbetsmoment som kan vara en brandrisk borde också planeras tillsammans med BUB för en brandsäkrare byggarbetsplats. Brandskyddsprojektering är idag till stor del inte inkluderat i det digitala arbetssättet som Building Information Modeling (BIM) innebär. Att brandkonsulten inte är med och arbetar i BIM leder till att de fördelar som finns med samverkan mellan olika discipliner inte kan utnyttjas. Den forskning som finns rörande brandskydd i BIM idag fokuserar på projektering av den färdiga byggnaden och hur brandskydd ska kunna inkluderas i BIM. Det finns idag ingen forskning som berör både brandskydd på byggarbetsplatsen och BIM-projektering av byggarbetsplatsen. Detta leder till ett kunskapsglapp mellan BIM som arbetssätt på byggarbetsplatsen och planering av BUB. På grund av de påträffade problemområdena syftade studien till att undersöka förbättringsmöjligheter för brandskyddet under byggtid. Detta genom att kartlägga förutsättningar och tillämpbara områden där BUB kan inkluderas i arbetet med APD-planer och tidsberoende BIM-modeller. Målet med studien var att framta ett underlag till framtida arbetsmetoder där BUB, APD-planer och BIM på byggarbetsplatser används tillsammans. För att uppfylla syftet utfördes en litteraturstudie och en intervjustudie. Litteraturstudien gjordes för att granska publicerat material rörande BUB, byggarbetsplatsplanering med APD-planer samt BIM på byggarbetsplatsen och BIM med hänsyn till brandskydd. Intervjustudien gjordes för att få en inblick i hur personer använder sig av BUB, APD-planer och BIM på byggarbetsplatser (i praktiken). Den information som framkom från teoretisk kunskap och praktiska erfarenheter analyserades för att kartlägga förutsättningar och tillämpbara områden där BUB kan inkluderas i arbetet med APD-planer och tidsberoende BIM-modeller. Detta för att kunna överbrygga gapet som finns mellan BUB, APD-planer och användandet av BIM på byggarbetsplatser. De identifierade områden som framtagits är planering, kommunikation samt kontroll och uppföljning. För att kunna arbeta med BUB och skedesstyrda APD-planer i BIM inom de identifierade områdena finns det krav på vissa grundläggande förutsättningar. För att kunna ta fram APD-planer och göra dessa skedesstyrda i BIM-modellen krävs det utbildning för att få nödvändig kunskap och kompetens hos både projekteringen och produktionen. Det kommer också krävas ett tidigt samarbete mellan produktionen och projekteringen för att täcka alla kompetensområden som behövs vid planering av produktionen av en byggnad med BIM. För att kunna projektera APD-planer i BIM är det även en förutsättning att alla discipliner arbetar i BIM-modellen. Saknas det information, exempelvis landskap, går det inte att göra fullständiga APD-planer över byggområdet i BIM. Att ta fram skedesstyrda APD-planer där BUB inkluderas i en BIM-modell har i denna studie visat sig vara fördelaktigt inom flera områden. Att planera BUB tillsammans med APD-planer ivgör att brandskyddet på byggarbetsplatsen kan planeras med hänsyn till produktionen och att kraven går att genomföra utan att produktionen blir lidande. Med skedesstyrda APD-planer i en BIM-modell blir det möjligt att visualisera förändringarna på byggarbetsplatsen och på så vis även förutspå vilka brandrisker som uppkommer under olika skeden i byggnationen. BUB inkluderat i en BIM-modell kan vara ett verktyg för att förbättra kommunikationen på byggarbetsplatsen. Detta genom att informationen som läggs in blir mer projektspecifik vilket leder till att BUB blir lättare att förmedla, tydligare att följa och mer förståelig. Med bättre information och ökad kunskap om BUB kan kontroll och uppföljning utföras effektivare och därmed förbättra brandskyddet genom att kontrollerna utförs med en högre kvalité. Detta ger förhoppningen om att brandskydd under byggtid blir en större del av planering och projektering av byggarbetsplatsen samt leder till en säkrare byggarbetsplats.
In case of a fire at a construction site there is a risk of personal injury, property damage and stop in the building production that may be costly. There are shortcomings in the planning of fire safety at the construction site and at different construction methods. The planning of fire safety at construction sites are also in need of improvements according to how a construction site, and thus risks of fire, change during construction production. This by planning the fire safety along with the production of the building and that the fire safety is presented on workplace disposition plans. Fire protection design is mostly not included in the digital work method that Building Information Modeling (BIM) implies. The fact that the fire consultant is not involved with and works in BIM means that the benefits of collaboration between different disciplines cannot be utilized. The research on fire protection in BIM today focuses on the design of the completed building and how fire protection can be included in BIM. There is currently no research regarding both fire safety at the construction site and BIM modelling of the construction site. This leads to a gap between BIM as a working method at the construction site and the planning of fire safety. Because of mentioned problem areas, the study’s purpose was to investigate improvements for fire safety on construction sites. This by mapping out conditions and applicable areas where fire safety can be included in the planning of workplace disposition plans in time-dependent BIM models. The aim of the study was to provide a basis for future work methods in which fire safety, workplace disposition plans and BIM at construction sites are used together. To fulfill the purpose, a literature study and an interview study were conducted. The literature study was conducted to review published material regarding fire safety, construction site planning with workplace disposition plans, BIM at the construction site and BIM with fire safety design. Interviews were conducted to gain an insight into how people use fire safety documents, workplace disposition plans and BIM on construction sites (in practice). The information derived from theoretical knowledge and practical experience was analyzed to map the conditions and applicable areas where fire safety can be included in the planning of workplace disposition plans and time-dependent BIM models. This to bridge the gap between fire safety, workplace disposition plans and the use of BIM on construction sites. The identified areas that have been established are planning, communication and control and follow-up. To be able to work with fire safety and workplace disposition plans in time-dependent BIM model within the identified areas, there are some basic conditions that needs to be fulfilled. To be able to develop workplace disposition plans and make these time-dependent in the BIM model, education is needed to get the necessary knowledge and skills in both the design and production. There also needs to be an early collaboration between production and design to cover all areas of expertise needed in planning the production of a building with BIM. To be able to design workplace disposition plans in BIM, it is also a prerequisite that all disciplines work in the BIM model. If there is no information, such as information of the landscape, it is not possible to complete workplace disposition plans over the whole construction site in BIM. To develop time-dependent workplace disposition plans where fire safety are included in a BIM model, this study has proven to be beneficial in several areas. Planning the fire safety together with workplace disposition plans allows the fire protection at the construction site to be planned viregarding production and that the fire safety requirements can be implemented without the production being compromised. Time-dependent workplace disposition plans in a BIM model make it possible to visualize the changes at the construction site, thus predicting fire risks during different stages of the construction. Fire safety included in a BIM model can be a tool for improving communication at the construction site. This is because the information about the fire safety on construction sites inserted becomes more project-specific, which means that the information about the fire safety requirements can be easier to convey, clearer to follow and more understandable. With better information and increased knowledge about fire safety on construction sites, control and follow-up can be performed more effectively and therefore improving the fire safety by performing the controls with a higher quality. This gives the hope that fire protection during construction will be a major part of planning and designing the construction site and that this will lead to a safer construction site.

Envelopes with low thermal performance are common characteristics in European historic buildings resulting in insufficient thermal comfort and higher energy use compared to modern buildings. There are different types of applications for the European historic buildings such as historic churches, historic museums, historic theatres, etc. In historic buildings refurbished to offices, it is vital to improve thermal comfort for the staff. Improving thermal comfort should not increase, preferably reduce, energy use in the building. The overall aim in this research is to explore how to improve thermal comfort in historic buildings without increasing, preferably reducing, energy use with the application of non-intrusive methods. This is done in form of a case study in Sweden. Thermal comfort issues in the case study building are determined through a field study. The methods include field measurements with thermal comfort equipment, data logging on BMS, and evaluating the occupant’s perception of a summer and a winter period indoor environment using a standardized questionnaire. According to questionnaire and thermal comfort measurements results, it is revealed that the summer period has the most dissatisfied occupants, while winter thermal comfort is satisfactory – but not exceptionally good. Accordingly, natural heat sinks could be used in form of NV, as a non/intrusive method, in order to improve thermal comfort in the building. For the historic building equipped with mechanical ventilation, NV strategy has the potential to both improve thermal comfort and reduce the total electricity use for cooling (i.e. electricity use in the cooling machine + the electricity use in the ventilation unit’s fans). It could decrease the percentage of exceedance hours in offices by up to 33% and reduce the total electricity use for cooling by up to 40%. The optimal (maximum) NV rate (i.e. the potential of NV strategy) is dependent on the thermal mass capacity of the building, the available NV cooling potential (dependent on the ambient air temperature), COP value of the cooling machine, the SFP model of the fans (low SFP value for high NV rate is optimal), and the offices’ door scheme (open or closed doors).

In developing countries, 60% of project management professionals appear to lack knowledge that timely completion, budget fidelity, and high quality are critical success factors for completion of construction initiatives. Based on the theories of iron triangle, accident causation, scientific management, and strategic management, the purpose of this correlational study was to examine the relationship between project budget and the independent variables of time, quality, safety, environmental impact, and site disputes in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana. One hundred and sixteen project managers, randomly selected from the population of construction professionals in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana, completed the survey entitled the Six Key Performance Indicators developed by Ngacho and Das (2014). The results of the multiple linear regression analysis indicated a weak positive correlation exists between the independent variables (time, quality, safety, environmental impact, and site disputes) and project budget, F(1, 114) = 37.08, p < 0.001. Time recorded the highest beta (β = .50) followed by site dispute (β = .29), environment (β = .22), quality (β = .06), and safety (β = .04). Attention to key performance indicators associated with time, dispute, and environmental impact could improve project outcomes in the Ghanaian construction sector. The study findings could be useful to improve the quality of projects and may benefit the lives of professionals and community members in the area.

A production strategy enables companies to effectively manage the different challenges that the production function face in a competitive environment. A production strategy helps a company to make operational and strategic decisions that follow a logical pattern and supports the corporate strategy and the competitive priorities of the company. When no strategy exists the decisions may be arbitrary and unpredictable leading to an under-achieving production system. Production strategy involves decisions that shape the long term capabilities of a producing company. For the traditional production industry there are a number of production strategy frameworks that facilitates the process of designing production systems. However, these frameworks typically leave project based production out of the scope or treat project based production as one type of production system, when in fact project based production systems can be multifaceted depending on product design and market requirements. This thesis focus on project based manufacturing in a house-building context. Houses can be produced by different types of production systems, and depending on how the production systems are designed they have strengths and weaknesses in different areas of competition. To be able to meet the increasing demand for residential houses, and improve performance in the house-building industry, the way houses are produced have to match different market requirements in a more effective and efficient way. To do this a production strategy has to exist. Typically there is a trade-off between productivity and flexibility, hence a production system designed to meet customer requirements concerning product design is probably not the best process choice if the customer thinks price and delivery time are the most important. A production strategy helps a company to make decisions so that the output of the production system meets customer requirements in the best possible way. Due to the fact that project based production is typically left out of the scope in traditional production strategy literature and that there is a lack of research concerning production strategy in a house-building context, the purpose of this research is: … to extend the production strategy body of knowledge concerning project based production in a house-building context. To fulfil the purpose the following four research questions are studied and answered: RQ1: What aspects can be useful in a classification matrix contrasting different production systems for house-building? RQ2: Which competitive priorities are important to measure when evaluating different production systems on a production strategy level in a house-building context, and how can they quantitatively be measured? RQ3: How does the characteristics of the production system, i.e. the process choice, affect information exchange in a house-building context? RQ4: How can a new production strategy be formulated and implemented in an industrialised house-building context and what challenges are important to consider in that process? To answer RQ1 a classification matrix was developed that classify production systems along two dimensions: a product dimension (degree of product standardisation) and a process dimension (degree of off-site assembly). The two dimensions are related, for example a high degree of standardisation should be matched with a high degree of off-site assembly and consequently a low degree of product standardisation should be matched with a low degree of off-suite assembly. A mismatch, e.g. high degree of off-site assembly and low degree of standardisation, typically leads to poor performance and should hence be avoided. To be able to see how different types of production systems perform in different areas of competition key performance indicators (KPIs) were developed. The KPIs presented in this research can be used to measure quality, delivery (speed and dependability), cost (level and dependability), and flexibility (volume and mix) at a production strategic level (RQ2). Furthermore, to answer RQ3, a production strategy perspective was taken on information exchange by relating information exchange to the design of the production system. The results indicate that employing different types of production systems leads to different approaches to information exchange. Employing a production systems using traditional production methods on-site and a low degree of product standardisation lead to a traditional approach to information exchange, e.g. project meetings, telephone and mail. Production systems employing some degree of off-site assembly have less complex and more stable supply chains and use ICT-solutions to a higher extent, which facilitates information exchange. The findings also indicate that a high degree of product standardisation facilitates the use of ICT-solutions such as ERP and BIM. RQ4 concerns the production strategy process, i.e. formulation and implementation. Failure in this processes can jeopardise the whole business. Based on a longitudinal case study of an industrialised house-builder a suggested production strategy process was developed, including both production strategy formulation and implementation. The study also identified context specific challenges that have to be considered in an industrialised house-building context, e.g. the complexity that comes with using two different production processes (off-site and on-site) in the same production system. The research is case based and a total number of eight different production systems have been studied. Data has been collected through interviews, observations, and review of company documents.

Les acteurs du secteur de la construction sont aujourd'hui contraints de concevoir et de mettre en œuvre de nouvelles pratiques et méthodes, permettant de faire face à la crise économique Ces pratiques et méthodes doivent améliorer les performances et la qualité de l'objet à construire, tout en diminuant le coût des opérations de construction. L’évolution du secteur doit se traduire sur les plans technique, organisationnel et humain: le travail présenté porte en particulier sur les deux derniers aspects. La problématique considérée repose sur deux points. Le déroulement du processus de construction traditionnel est caractérisé par la séparation, de plus en plus inadaptée, des phases traditionnelles de conception et de réalisation D'autre part, la communication entre les acteurs du projet, et la gestion des données qui en résulte, sont insuffisantes et peu organisées. Pour résoudre ces problèmes, une démarche d’ingénierie concourante est nécessaire et doit permettre aux acteurs de la construction de définir les axes de l’évolution souhaitée. Notre contribution présente trois aspects: nous proposons tout d'abord une phase de préparation concourante. Pour supporter, dans une approche produit, la communication et la gestion des données générées lors du processus, nous établissons un modèle produit d'un bâtiment Enfin nous décrivons la conception et la mise en œuvre du système intégré utilisé pour l’évaluation de nos propositions.

The diploma thesis deals with the issue of the building technology project of the structural work of industrial building belonging to CECHO company in Polnička. The industrial building consists of two building objects, shop floor and office building. The main aim of the thesis is to focus on the time and financial management of the construction, schedule, site equipment management including time schedule of establishment and removal of temporary site equipment objects and their rental costs, transport routes planning, proposal of main building equipment, oversized transport and technological regulations including inspection and test plans of quality. Last but not least, the thesis is also aimed at the itemized budget.

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According to great concern between the developed industrial activities and resultant impacts over the environment, an association of several factors have occurred, procedures to the efficient management of the rotation between economical development and the environment have been improved. A research in field have been realized inside building sites of companies in order to provide knowledge about the implemented and accomplish actions according to the resolution from CONAMA n?307. Trough the interview among the representations of the companies and photographic survey in loco, such as, what makes the companies implement this management, reutilization and recycling, transport and disposition. The present study had as objective: analyze the insertion of the used tools to residuals management, proposing improvements, in a way that it can be easily identified during the procedures execution in the building sites of the building companies of the city of Natal/RN. To reach the goal, in the first place a revision of the pertinent literature was performed; there for, it can be seen the relation between residues management and environment sustainability, once it happens in a continued way it may prevent the waste and reduces the risk that the activities way bring to the employees, community and environment; once found the great difficult faced with regard to labors, material, equipment, project, planning, costumer s interference, furnisher. And still, it could be verified wich materials generate greater indexes of residues in the works and the main occurrences of waste and loss. However a greater transparency is needed coming from the high administration in the commitment with the continued actions, to make it so, there must be a cultural change inside the company. There for there will be a greater productivity and quality of the under taking such as costumer s satisfaction
Devido a maior preocupa??o entre as atividades industriais desenvolvidas e os impactos resultantes sobre o meio ambiente, uma associa??o de in?meros fatores tem ocorrido, procedimentos para o gerenciamento eficaz das rela??es entre desenvolvimento econ?mico e meio ambiente vem sendo aperfei?oados. Foi realizado um trabalho de campo, dentro dos canteiros de obras das empresas para que se possa ter conhecimento das a??es implementadas e cumpridas segundo a Resolu??o do CONAMA n? 307. Atrav?s de entrevista junto a representantes da empresa e levantamento fotogr?fico in loco; assim como o que leva as empresas a implementar este gerenciamento, reutiliza??o e reciclagem, transporte e disposi??o. O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar a inser??o das ferramentas utilizadas para o gerenciamento de res?duos, propondo melhorias, de forma que as mesmas possam ser mais facilmente identificadas durante a execu??o dos processos no canteiro de obras de empresas construtoras da cidade de Natal-RN. Para atingir este objetivo, primeiramente, foi efetuada uma revis?o da literatura pertinente, na qual foi observado que o gerenciamento de res?duos relaciona-se com a sustentabilidade ambiental, uma vez que de forma continuada previne a gera??o de desperd?cio e reduz os riscos das atividades sobre os funcion?rios, comunidade e meio ambiente; sendo constatadas as maiores dificuldades enfrentadas em rela??o ? m?o-de-obra, materiais, equipamento, projeto, planejamento, interfer?ncia do cliente, fornecedores. E ainda se pode constatar quais os materiais que geram maior ?ndice de res?duos nas obras e as principais ocorr?ncias das perdas e desperd?cios. Entretanto, se faz necess?ria maior transpar?ncia da alta administra??o no comprometimento com a continuidade das a??es, para que a partir disto possa haver uma mudan?a de cultura instalada nas empresas, gerando maior produtividade, qualidade dos empreendimentos e uma maior satisfa??o dos clientes

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Na atualidade, os resíduos da construção civil (RCC) representam um grande desafio para o setor e o seu gerenciamento, durante a produção das edificações, promove nos canteiros de obra uma realidade vinculada ao modelo de gestão de cada empresa construtora. É preciso então ampliar o entendimento de gestão empresarial e integrá-lo aos conceitos de gestão ambiental. É necessário um novo modelo para o gerenciamento dos canteiros de obra que seja capaz de viabilizar o gerenciamento de RCC e contribuir positivamente, para o grave problema de administração de resíduos sólidos nas cidades brasileiras. A pesquisa se propôs a identificar e analisar o gerenciamento de resíduos da construção civil (GRCC) dentro dos canteiros de obra de edifícios residenciais, na cidade de Cuiabá, a partir da aplicação de uma ferramenta e instrumentos de análise e observação, que medisse quantitativa e qualitativamente esse gerenciamento. Também propôs avaliar o modelo de GRCC presente no canteiro de obra em relação à contribuição junto à cadeia produtiva da construção e a interrelação entre o gerenciamento do canteiro de obra e o gerenciamento de RCC, a partir de uma análise quantitativa e qualitativa das melhorias e inovações tecnológicas simples implantadas. Para alcançar esses objetivos foram estudadas seis empresas, entre as nove maiores com atuação no segmento, tanto regional como nacional, e que representaram mais de 50% do mercado para m2 em construção e em empreendimentos entregues em 2013. Em cada empresa foram pesquisados dois canteiros de obra, totalizando doze canteiros participantes. Na análise dos resultados obtidos percebe-se nesses canteiros ações e práticas referentes à introdução de melhorias e inovações tecnológicas simples relacionadas ao gerenciamento do canteiro de obra, embora ainda incipientes para resultados satisfatórios quanto ao gerenciamento de RCC. Ao integrar-se essas ações aos resultados obtidos para o modelo de gerenciamento de RCC implantado nos canteiros das empresas, foi possível constatar que 83% dos canteiros trabalham com modelo de gerenciamento de RCC insuficiente, sem contribuição ou impacto positivo na cadeia produtiva da construção. Face a todos os aspectos analisados, para as novas edificações na cidade de Cuiabá, os resultados indicaram um valor médio de RCC removido dos canteiros de 199 kg/m2 construído. Em comparação ao valor nacional mais difundido, 150 kg/m2 construído, o resultado da pesquisa é 25% maior; em comparação ao valor divulgado pela Prefeitura Municipal de Cuiabá para elaboração de Projeto de Gerenciamento de RCC para novas edificações, 120 kg/m² construído, o resultado da pesquisa é 40% maior.
At present time, the construction waste (CW) represents a major challenge for the segment and its management during the production of buildings, for it promotes at the construction sites a reality linked to the management model of each construction company. It is then necessary to broaden the understanding of business management and integrate it to the concepts of environmental management. A new model for managing construction sites to be able to enable the management of CW and contribute positively to the serious problem of solid waste management in Brazilian cities is required. The research aimed to identify and analyze the management of construction waste (MCW) within the construction sites of residential buildings in the city of Cuiabá, from the application of a tool and instruments of analysis and observation, which measured quantitatively and qualitatively this management. Also aimed to identify to evaluat the model MCW present at the construction site and the interrelationship between the management of the construction site and management of construction waste, from a quantitative and qualitative analysis of simple technological improvements and innovations implemented. To achieve these goals, six of the nine largest companies in this segment, both regional and national, were studied, and which represented over 50% of the market for square meter in construction and projects delivered in 2013. In each company, two construction sites were surveyed, bringing the total to twelve participant In the analysis of the results it can be seen in these plots, actions and practices regarding the introduction of improvements, and technological innovations related to managing the construction site, although still preliminary to satisfactory results regarding the management of construction waste. By integrating these actions to the results obtained for model CW implanted in the construction sites of the companies, it was found that 83% of the constructions work with management construction waste insufficient without contribution or positive impact on the construction supply chain model. Considering all the aspects analyzed, for new buildings in the city of Cuiabá, the results indicated an average removed on construction sites of construction waste 199 kg/m2 built. Compared to the wider national value of 150 kg/m2 built, the research result is 25% higher; compared to the value reported by the Municipality of Cuiabá for developing project of construction waste management for new buildings, 120 kg/m² built, the research result is 40% higher.

A preocupação em preservar os recursos naturais, em reduzir os desperdícios nos canteiros de obras e minimizar custtos na construção civil tem despertado iinteresse de vários pesquisadores para uma ampla discussão sobre o controle do uso adequado das matérias-primas para geração dos materiais empregados na produção dos edifícios, bem como, dos resíduos gerados pelos elevados índices de perdas nas construções. Melhorar a produtividade e a qualidade é um fator de suma importânciia para a sobrevivência das empresas ligadas ao ramo da construção civil no atual ambientte competitivo. O objetivo desta pesquisa é identificar as perdas envolvidas na produção dos blocos cerâmicos e de seu uso nas várias etapas do processo construtivo de obras em Recife,, visando apontar possibilidades de minimização do problema. Para atingir o objjetivo, foram selecionadas duas iindústtriias cerâmicas e três empresas construtoras para comporem o estudo de caso. Os dados foram coletados através de uma planilha e de um Check List durante as visitas realizadas junto às indústrias e empresas construtoras. As etapas analisadas nas indústrias dizem respeito à queima e expedição. Em relação às construtoras foram analisadas as etapas de recebimento, armazenamento, transporte e aplicação. Através da pesquisa verificou-se que as indústrias cerâmicas ainda possuem forte componente cultural, onde a mão-de-obra empregada uttiliza conhecimentos compartilhados a partir das experiências individuais, possuem tímidas iniciativas para a melhoria do processo produtivo, bem como das condições de trabalho e capacitação da sua mão-de-obra,, utilizando, ainda, práticas rudimentares na fabricação de produtos cerâmicos. Neste contexto, através do método de estudo de caso, para as obras pesquisadas, verificou-se que dependendo do nível de gerenciamento e planejamento e dos investimentos tecnológicos, há uma tendência de redução das perdas de materiais. Todavia, não se pode afirmar que uma obra certificada terá, necessariamente, redução de erros e desperdícios, uma vez que o objetivo primeiro é padroniizar requisitos técnicos em seus empreendimentos de modo a aumentar a satisfação do cliente

Purpose: The lack of digital competence in the industry of construction is a fact, which can obstruct the implementation of digital tools. The goal for the study is to chart the workers at the construction site’s digital competence through semi structured interviews with participants in an extension project, Alfa.  Method: The study was done through a case study with interviews as a primary source of data. The interviews are held at the construction site of the project alfa with an SME (small and medium-sized enterprise) as the general contractor.    Findings: The digital competence regarding the use of digital tools in building construction is, just as the experience to use them, low and several difficulties can be seen on the construction site. To be able to use the digital tools that is implemented on the construction site the construction workers need to have knowledge about for instance their own role and duties, how to navigate in the tools and what benefits that can come from the use of digital tools. Good communication between design and construction is important for the use of digital tools. More collaboration and greater understanding about the demands from construction can create an easier implementation and use of the digital tools in construction.  Implications: The digital skills of professional workers are generally low. Increased competence can be achieved through more training and information opportunities for professionals to take part in. Knowledge of the digital tools' structure and functions along with basic professional skills and computer experience contributes to a simplified use of digital tools. Through standards and guidelines for the use of digital tools in production, clearer strategies can be formed within companies and projects and result in simplified software development. By involving the contractors in the early planning stage, the demands and wishes of the professional workers can be lifted and simplify the use of the tools in the production.  Limitations: Due to the delimitations made, the study becomes narrower and more specific. The limitations make the study's results more concrete and can be used as guidelines and recommendations for future projects with similar conditions.  Keywords: construction, construction communication, obstacles, construction site workers, digital competence, building construction, digitalization

The subject of this diploma thesis is the elaboration of a construction and technological project of production and storage hall SW-MOTECH s.r.o., in which the technical report, coordination of broader transport relations, time and financial plan of the construction, study of the main technological stages, project of building equipment, design of the main construction machines and mechanisms. Further, the thesis contains a technological regulation, a control and test plan and safety requirements for the implementation of reinforced concrete assembled structures. Part of the diploma thesis is also environmental plan and contract for work.

Construction order is an essential production unit of a building company. Managing the order in a building company focuses on processing offers, productive preparation and realisation of construction works. The practical part of this thesis describes and examines the management of orders in two construction companies, whose production is oriented toward realisation of ground-based buildings. The result of this thesis is a comparison of these two companies, the lay-out of standard forms and their implementation into agency of the companies to improve their preparation and realisation of the order.

Purpose: Continously growing cities and increasing population sets new demands inthe building industry. Contractors are facing new challenges regarding constructionsite-logistics in densely populated areas where the use of large transports is limited.Many of the actors involved in construction logistics don’t seem to recognize thepotential in early-stage cooperation and sharing of information. Large improvementsare available in the construction logistics which seem to lack structure and goodplanning. Large demands are going to be put on contractor corporations where smartlogisticsolutions can be a deciding factor for competition and thus, important toidentify. Method: In order to supply answer to this thesis question formulation a case study wasperformed at Skanska AB Sverige. The methods used are literature-review, documentanalysisand interviews. The literature-review helped gathering knowledge in the fieldas well as providing a framework in chapter four. The document-analysis where usedto identify the guidelines and tools that Skanska AB Sverige uses today. The interviewstook place at Skanska AB Sverige where employees on influential positions suppliedtheir view on the construction logistics. Findings: The thesis examined four problem areas within construction logistics:material flow issues, internal communication, external communication and complexity.The study showed that the largest problem was material flow issues in citylogisticswhere it was shown that the problems included was uncertainty of time of delivery,transport issues, uncertainty of space requirement and space for waste storage. Theproblems may be solved through thorough planning and inclusion of more actors in theplanning. An increased use of join-distribution may also prove beneficial to the projectsas more space and time is created. Implications: The thesis conclude that information of solutions exist today but that itmust find a way to reach the project in a better way. Problems regarding the externalcommunication with subcontractors was found in the interviews which could beprevented through a better understanding between different actors through inclusion inthe early stage planning and continuous involvement. As a recommendation to furtherresearch we recommend to examine the profitability of joint-distribution and supplychain management. Limitations: The the thesis is limited to construction enterprise where logistics isexamined where it is in direct contact with the construction site. The supply chain ofsubcontractors and their handling of materials is not studied in this report.
Syfte: Ständigt växande stadskärnor och ökad befolkning ställer nya krav påbyggmarknaden. Entreprenörer ställs inför nya utmaningar gällandearbetsplatslogistiken på trånga innerstadprojekt där stora transporter är begränsade.Många inblandade som berörs av logistikfrågor ser inte den stora potentialen isamarbete och utbyte av information. Stora förbättringsmöjligheter finns gällandelogistiken inom byggbranschen vilken saknar struktur och bra planering. Stora kravkommer ställas på entreprenadföretag där smarta logistiklösningar kan vara enavgörande konkurrensfaktor därför är det viktigt att identifiera dessa möjligheter. Metod: För att besvara rapporten frågeställningar utgick examensarbetet från enfallstudie. Metoderna som användes för datainsamling var litteraturstudie,dokumentanalys och intervjuer. Litteraturstudier hjälpte med att införskaffa kunskap iämnet samt gav grund i empirikapitlet. Därefter gjordes dokumentanalys för attidentifiera Skanskas Sverige AB riktlinjer och hjälpmedel som finns idag.Avslutningsvis intervjuades personer på företaget för att se deras syn kringlogistiksituationen. Resultat: Rapporten undersökte fyra problematiska områden inom bygglogistiken:materialflöde, intern och extern kommunikation samt komplexitet. Studien visade attproblem kring materialflöde var största bekymmer utifrån logistiksynpunkt. Inom detområdet fastställdes problematik kring leveransreliabilitet, transportproblem påbyggarbetsplats, osäkerhet om utrymmeskrav och hantering av avfall. Problemen kanlösas genom noggrannare planering och inkludering av flera aktörer i planeringen.Ökning av samlastning tycks också gynna projekten där mer plats och tid skapas.Medarbetarnas okunskap gällande samlastning skapar rädslan för extra kostnaderistället för att se möjligheter. Konsekvenser: Rapportens slutsats är att information kring lösningar som finnstillgängliga i dagsläge måste nå projekten på ett bättre sätt. Problem kring den externakommunikationen med underentreprenörer konstaterades. Bättre förståelse förvarandras arbetssätt kan skapas genom täta avstämningar och bättre involvering. Somförslag till vidare studier kan lönsamhet av samlastning respektive supply chainmanagement för olika typer entreprenader undersökas. Begränsningar: Studien är avgränsad till ett byggentreprenadföretag på husbyggnaddär logistiken undersöks endast i direktkontakt med byggarbetsplats.Underentreprenörernas leveranskedja och hantering av material beaktas inte i dettaarbete.

Att spara tid och resurser är något som är av stor vikt i dagens byggbransch. Ju snabbare ett arbete utförs desto mer pengar tjänar företaget. I detta examensarbete har författarna tittat på effektivisering av ritningshanteringen i olika delar av byggbranschen. Att kunna hitta bland ritningarna på ett enklare sätt och att slippa sortera ut gamla ritningar när nya kommer in, är något som skulle förenkla ritningshanteringen och snabba upp tempot. Författarna har tittat på programmet DDR – Databas för Detaljer och Ritningar, som de anser kan förenkla ritningshanteringen. Under arbetets gång har intervjuer hållits med olika personer inom byggbranschen för att se förbättringsmöjligheter och nyttan av ett sådant program. Resultatet av arbetet visar att programmet DDR skulle göra mest nytta på byggarbets-platser och inom förvaltning då det är inom dessa områden som ritningshantering utförs mest. Programmet DDR kan förkorta tiden det tar att bläddra bland ritningar med uppskattningsvis 25 % enligt de intervjuade på byggarbetsplatserna, vilket skulle kunna innebära en markant skillnad i det dagliga arbetet. Om övergång sker helt till digitala ritningar 1 skulle behovet av att sortera ritningar elimineras och ännu mer tid kan sparas. För att göra så stor skillnad som möjligt på dagens marknad måste de förbättringar som framkommit under intervjuerna utvecklas till programmet DDR. Som det är idag saknas många funktioner vilket gör att konstruktionsföretagen inte vill använda programmet DDR på grund av avsaknaden av möjlighet att lägga in egna detaljer. Förvaltning anser bland annat att flera viktiga mät- och ritfunktioner saknas i programmet DDR för att vilja använda det. Kalkylerare och kommuner ser ingen framtid alls för programmet DDR inom deras verksamhet. Undervisning på högskola och i produktion på byggarbetsplatser anser att bland annat zoomningen och panorering måste göras enklare, trots detta är de intresserade av att använda programmet DDR.
Saving time and resources is something that is very important in construction business today. The faster a work can be done the more money a company can make. In this degree project the authors have looked at the process of handling construction drawings in different parts of the construction industry. To be able to find the construction drawings in an easier way and not have to sort out old construction drawings when new arrive is something that may simplify and speed up the process. The authors have looked at the application DDR – Database for Details and Drawings, which they consider could simplify the process of handling construction drawings. During this degree project, interviews have been done with different people in the construction industry to see possibilities of improvement and benefits of the application DDR. The result of the degree project shows that this application would make the most difference on construction sites and within management of buildings since these are the ones that handle construction drawings on a daily basis. Application DDR can shorten the time used for handling of construction drawings by approximately a 25% decrease according to the interviewed at the construction sites; this would make a great difference in the daily work. If they only use digital construction drawings, the needs to sort out old construction drawings when new ones arrived, will be eliminated and more time can be saved. To do as much of a difference as possible on today’s market the improvements that have emerged during the interviews have to be developed to the application DDR. As it is today there are many features that are missing which make that the construction companies won’t use the application due to the lack of possibility to add details on their own. Management of buildings considers that there are several important functions such as measuring and drawing that are missing to use the application DDR. Within calculation engineering and municipalities there is no future for the application DDR. Education at college and in the production of construction sites consider that zooming and panning must be made simpler, despite this they are interested in using the program DDR.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
During the last twenty years the construction field in Brazil has evolved significantly in response to its market growing and competitiveness. However this evolving path has faced many obstacles such as cultural barriers and the lack of efforts to achieve quality at the Brazilian construction site. As one of the causes of this facts the lack of integration between construction and the designing process generates waste, pathologies, work redone and improvised changes originated by incompatible projects which were taken by incapacitated personnel at an inconvenient moment. At the same time, the great amount of information generated on the designing or construction phases is lost due to the lack of an effective coordination of these activities. From this scenario Souza (2001), has developed two management methods in her doctorate thesis named Preparation for the Execution of Buildings (known as PEO) and the Pro-active Coordination (known as CPA), these methods are based on the application of the processes adopted by the French construction industry on Brazilian construction sites. These methodologies aim to establish the integration of the project phases by a set of actions and activities implemented by a system of meetings where the main objective is to discuss the projects and the planning of the construction site seeking to obtain a better quality and better outcome on the productive process. These methodologies aim to bring expressive improvements on the productivity, as well as on the lowering of waste, on the settlement of goals, on planning actions in accordance with all the agents involved and mainly on the reduction of costs allied to higher quality standards. Thus is an objective of this research to implement the Preparation on the Execution of Buildings (PEO) seeking to understand the management of the designing process and its interface with the construction site. The methodology applied on the development of the analysis is classified as qualitative and it will be carried by the practical application of the research and the evaluation of its results. Thus, the study was divided into two stages, one of them intended for a pilot study of PEO in Company A, and the other to the implementation of PEO on the company B. This way, the method was developed from a system meetings entitled structured in three different stages: the release of PEO; the development of PEO and the completion of the intensive phase of PEO, which were performed over a period from two to three months. The data analysis was structured upon five main aspects which were evaluated during the implementation of the method on the studied companies. These aspects were: the actions taken during the PEO phase, the development of the actions and the participation of the agents; the internal structure of the companies analyzed; The management and design coordination and the contract form of the contractors, architects and engineers. The results obtained demonstrated the PEO method's effectiveness and viability while a booster on the improvement of project management. Therefore, it can be concluded that the PEO is feasible to be applied in building construction companies, since this method can contribute to the integration of the design phases and construction, as well as to the improvement of the communication between the agents involved in the building construction field.
Nos últimos 20 anos, o setor da construção civil no Brasil evoluiu significativamente em resposta ao crescimento da competitividade no mercado. Entretanto, nesse processo de evolução ainda têm sido encontradas barreiras culturais e organizacionais, e, sobretudo, dificuldades nos esforços à qualidade nos canteiros de obras brasileiros. Aliada a este quadro, a falta de integração entre as atividades de construir e projetar provoca uma série de desperdícios, patologias, retrabalhos e alterações improvisadas decorrentes de projetos não compatibilizados, ora por ausência de detalhes nos projetos, ora por decisões tomadas por pessoas não capacitadas em momentos inadequados. A partir dessa realidade, Souza (2001) desenvolveu dois métodos de gestão nomeados Preparação da Execução de Obras (PEO) e Coordenação Pró-Ativa (CPA) em sua tese de doutoramento, por meio da transposição desses métodos adotados na gestão da interface projeto-execução de obras na França para a realidade dos canteiros de obras brasileiros. Esses métodos visam à integração das etapas de projeto e obra a partir de um conjunto de ações e atividades realizadas por meio de reuniões sistematizadas voltadas à discussão do projeto, ao planejamento e à organização do futuro canteiro de obras, a fim de obter melhor qualidade e desempenho no processo produtivo. Dessa forma, este trabalho tem como objetivo geral implementar o método da preparação da execução de obras (PEO) a fim de avaliar a interface entre a gestão do processo de projeto e a execução do canteiro de obras. A metodologia adotada para o desenvolvimento deste trabalho é classificada como qualitativa, a qual foi realizada por meio de uma pesquisa-ação, e dividida em duas etapas diferentes, sendo uma destinada ao estudo piloto da PEO na empresa A, e a outra à implementação da PEO na empresa B. Deste modo, a aplicação do método foi desenvolvida a partir de um sistema de reuniões em três fases intituladas: lançamento da PEO; desenvolvimento da PEO e finalização da fase intensiva de PEO, as quais foram realizadas em um período entre dois e três meses. A análise de dados foi estruturada a partir de cinco aspectos principais, os quais foram avaliados durante a aplicação do método nas empresas estudadas, sendo eles: quanto às ações desenvolvidas na fase de PEO, quanto ao desenvolvimento das reuniões e a participação dos agentes; quanto à estrutura organizacional e departamental das empresas; quanto à gestão e a coordenação de projetos; e quanto ao formato de contratação dos projetistas e subempreiteiros. Os resultados obtidos com a realização deste trabalho comprovaram a eficácia do método da PEO e a sua viabilidade enquanto potencializador na melhoria da gestão da interface projeto-execução de obras. Portanto, pode-se concluir que a PEO é viável de ser aplicada em empresas de construção e incorporação de edifícios, uma vez que este método pode contribuir para a integração das etapas de projeto e execução, bem como na melhoria da comunicação e na interação entre os agentes envolvidos na produção de edifícios.

The construction industry is a large industry with approximately 320,000 employees according to the Swedish construction industry. As the work environment at construction sites affects a large number of individuals, it is important that there is good security at the construction sites, in order to reduce and prevent workers in the construction industry from being injured. The work thesis has been carried out in collaboration with Tuna Förvaltning & Entreprenad AB with the aim of creating better conditions for work environment and strategic safety work at Tuna Förvaltning & Entreprenad AB's construction sites, as well as highlighting risks and safety aspects. This qualitative study has been carried out at Tuna Förvaltning & Entreprenad AB, where semi-structured interviews and observations were conducted to then use the information as the foundation of the study. The work has also been based on reviewed literature studies in the form of pre-review. In order to have a good working environment and safety at the construction sites, a number of factors are involved. The study shows that time, cleaning, communication, education and experience are the factors that have the greatest impact on the work environment and safety. According to some of Tuna Förvaltning & Entreprenad AB's workforce, there will always be deficiencies in safety, while some claim that a "zero vision" is possible to reach, so far no occupational accidents has occurred at Tuna Förvaltning & Entreprenad AB's construction sites, however, it seems that the subject does not get enough time, resources and like to prevent future accidents with "safety-first". The Work Environment Authority requires employers to systematically work with environment and safety issues with a vision of "zero tolerance", in which is strengthened by the work environment act. The interviews show that the viewpoint of the working environment differs depending on what perspective is being analyzed, for example, the supervisor has a wider perspective and greater responsibility whilst the professional worker has more narrow perspective and less responsibility. The survey shows that planning and preventive work can prevent workplace accidents with a systematic follow-up. In order for professionals and supervisors to understand the risks and preventive work they should be educated and thus gain an awareness of the problem. Improvement needs to create more awareness and prevention for work environment and safety with "safety deadline" have always been a goal to reach. One hope is that the working environment and security policy will contribute to improved security at the company's construction sites. systematic environmental work simplified by existing routines in environmental work for construction workers, leads to increased workplace safety and fewer occupational accidents.
Byggbranschen är en stor bransch med ca 320 000 sysselsatta personer enligt Sveriges byggindustrier. Då arbetsmiljön på byggarbetsplatserna påverkar ett stort antal individer är det viktigt att det råder en god säkerhet på byggarbetsplatserna, för att minska och förhindra att de anställda inom byggbranschen inte kommer till skada.Examensarbetet har utförts i samarbete med Tuna Förvaltning & Entreprenad AB i syfte att skapa bättre förutsättningar för arbetsmiljö och säkerhetsarbete ute på Tuna Förvaltning & Entreprenad AB:s byggarbetsplatser samt att belysa risker och säkerhetsaspekter. Kvalitativa studie har utförts på Tuna Förvaltning & Entreprenad AB:s byggarbetsplatser där semi-strukturerade intervjuer och observationer utförts för att sedan använda informationen som grundpelare i studien.För att det ska råda god arbetsmiljö och säkerhet på byggarbetsplatserna spelar ett flertal faktorer in. Studiens resultat visar att tid, städning, kommunikation, utbildning och erfarenhet är de faktorer som har störst inverkan på arbetsmiljön och säkerheten. Enligt en del av yrkesarbetarna på Tuna Förvaltning & Entreprenad AB kommer det alltid att finnas brister inom säkerheten medan en del påstår att en ”noll-vision” är möjlig att nå. Tuna Förvaltning & Entreprenad AB:s ett ungt företag och hittills har inga större arbetsolyckor inträffat på deras byggarbetsplatser. Emellertid tycker en del att ämnet inte får tillräckligt med tid, resurser och dylikt för att förhindra framtida olyckor med ”safety first”. Arbetsmiljöverket ställer krav på att arbetsgivaren skall arbeta systematiskt med arbetsmiljö och säkerhetsfrågor med en vision om ”noll-tolerans” vilket styrks av arbetsmiljölagen.Intervjuerna visar att synen på arbetsmiljön skiljer sig åt beroende på vilket perspektiv som analyseras, exempelvis har arbetsledare ett bredare perspektiv och större ansvar medan yrkesarbetaren har ett smalare perspektiv och mindre ansvar.Undersökningen visar att planering och förebyggande arbete kan förhindra arbetsplatsolyckor med ett systematiskt uppföljningsarbete. För att yrkesarbetare och arbetsledare skall ha förståelse för risker och förebyggande arbete bör de utbildas och därmed erhålla en medvetenhet kring problemet.Förbättringsbehov föreligger när det gället att skapa mer medvetenhet och ha ett förebyggande syfte för arbetsmiljö och säkerhet med ”safety first”. En förhoppning är att en bättre arbetsmiljö och en ny upprättad säkerhetspolicy kommer att bidra till en förbättrad säkerhet på företagets byggarbetsplatser. Det systematiska arbetsmiljöarbetet med förbättrad befintliga rutiner i arbetsmiljöarbetet för byggnadsarbetare bör leda till ökad säkerhet på arbetsplatsen samt undvika arbetsolyckor.

The thesis sets forth a proposal for possible solutions in the construction of the Pyramid of Cheops using current resources and 21st century technology. The management of the construction, basic regulations, contractual arrangements, and principles are described in the introduction. The body of the thesis gives a detailed description of the dimensions of the newly constructed pyramid and the types of technologies and materials that will be needed to realize the project. Financial costs, scheduling, and the progress of the construction will also form as an integral part of this thesis. The thesis will also concentrate on the equipment and all related follow up activities.

Master thesis solves construction and technological project which deals with data processing, documentation and technological processes of building reconstruction and extension realization in Muzeum of Česká Třebová. The work contains technological building study, assessment of relationships to the wider transportation routes, time and financial plan, building-site organization project, design of the main building machines and mechanisms, technological prescriptions for excavation work and micropile injection, occupational safety and health protection management, project calculation budget.

The purpose of the final thesis is to elaborate selected parts of a technology building project of the Pension for the elderly. The complex includes eleven building objects and the main one is developed in detail. The final thesis includes a technical report about the technology building project, a building schedule, suggestion for realization of the main stages of its construction, a design of mechanical assembly. The final thesis also includes the project of site equipment, technological regulations , an inspection and test plan, an occupational safety and health plan.

The thesis deals with the preparation of the implementation and management of building central dispatching of rail traffic management Prague. The thesis contains the selected part of building technological project together with appropriate drawings. The project addresses mainly the rough construction of the mainbuilding.The aim of this thesis is to design appropriate and effective way of realization of construction depending on local conditions.

碩士
崑山科技大學
環境工程研究所
100
In the pat decades, there were some problems about the generation of building debris for construction sites (DBCS), such as regulations, data of sources and disposal. It was estimated the annual generation of DBCS was about 10 million tons. The Environmental Protection Agency has promoted the project of “Reuse of Building Waste” since 2005. The project planned to set several dispose sites for DBCS. In this study, the goals aim at organizing the structure, rational operation, efficiency of DBCS in order to achieve the Zero Discharge. For a detailed discussion, a case study in Tainan city was illustrated.

Thesis is submitted in partial fulfilment for the degree of Master of Science (Building) in Construction Project Management to the Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, School of Construction Economics and Management at the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2017
There is a problem of construction waste on construction sites. However, there are various strategies that can be employed; not only on construction sites, but generally on construction projects from the inception of the project to manage construction waste more effectively. Construction waste management can loosely be defined as a function of controlling waste on construction projects to limit its generation and disposal but enhance reduce and recycling. Construction waste mainly arises from design changes, poor choice of construction materials, improper material specifications, inappropriate strategies employed or wrong strategies implemented; leading to poor management of waste on construction projects. Construction waste can be ‘physical’ or ‘non-physical’. Physical construction waste refers to tangible solid waste of materials emanating from construction activities. Non-physical waste pertains to waste of time and project funds in the form of unnecessary expenditure. The aim of this study is to identify waste management strategies utilized on construction sites in Gauteng. Pertinent literature provided a basis of the study. A cross-sectional survey using three construction sites in Gauteng: an office building project, a road project and a civil works project was adopted. The most common strategies were found to be –proper selection of construction materials, proper planning and logical sequencing of construction work activities on a project. There is a variety of branded materials hence the need for proper selection of materials. Further, there are a lot of factors that influence the flow of work activities hence the requirement to keep track and plan activities accordingly to counter distortions. It is acknowledged that strategies found to be common in Gauteng are basic techniques in controlling construction waste generation and the results tied back to the literature. It was established that technological tools like Building Information Modeling are not yet common in Gauteng. Improvements on usage of prefabricated components and offsite manufacturing of components is recommended to stakeholders of the construction industry. It is also logical to conclude that waste management strategies employed on construction sites in Gauteng are anchored on factors of economic viability and government policies. In their quest to make projects profitable and in their efforts to make construction projects compliant to regulations, as a result, construction contractors achieve reductions in waste generation on construction projects. Therefore what the study found out are mainly practices that could, in addition to achieving primary aim, contribute to waste reduction. These strategies identified are implemented primarily to achieve time, cost and quality objectives and thus indirectly waste reduction.
MT2018

碩士
國立屏東教育大學
教育科技研究所
99
The participants of this study were the teachers of the special education classes. Due to the shortage of manpower and support resource at school, the teachers in the special education classes needed a knowledge management system to help them handle the enormous special education affairs . This study was carried out by action research by Google Sites, which could be easily used, no need to build any other systems and no maintenance fee. The purpose of this study was to help the teachers solve their problems when they used Google Sites. Besides, the researcher would like to know about the difficulties these teachers might face when they used Google Sites and the solutions for these problems, and furthermore to know the effects of this study. The results were as follows: 1. The researcher used a questionnaire and interviews to understand the need of special education teachers for using knowledge management systems, and found that they highly needed these helps, teaching material database, information search within school web, document collaboration, and activities photos sharing. 2.The problems that the researcher faced to build the knowledge management systems were lack of friendly web environment in school, how to make the special classes teachers using the knowledge management system, the teachers’ worries for sharing teaching materials, the heavy volume of teaching materials causing difficult to share, and how to increase the use of the sites. The solution were as follows: The researcher used wireless base station to build a LAN to solve surfing and sharing printer problems, and reducing the difficulties for using digital teaching materials. The researcher also taught these teachers how to use the system after classes, and provided them user manuals for reference. When the teachers had difficulties to use the system, the research advised them on the solutions. Furthermore, the researcher built a site only for the special education classes teachers, and taught them to use an easy tool and provided it for them. Besides, the researcher used a free web space to solve the problem of sharing teaching materials. The researcher provided abundant web resources to the teacher to increase the opportunities to use the sites, and helped them to get accustomed to the knowledge management system. 3.The researcher used a questionnaire and interviews to understand the teachers’ satisfaction of using the knowledge management system. The results showed that they had high satisfaction for using the system. Keywords: knowledge management, document collaboration, special education teachers

A Research Report proposal submitted to the Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of the Witwatersrand, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Science (Building) Project Management in Construction. Johannesburg 2015
The construction industry is one of the major industries in the world and has one of the poorest records in Occupation Health and Safety. In developing countries with improved political and economic stability in recent years, infrastructure developments have significantly increased which has implications for the industry to deliver projects safely. Many designers’ in the construction industry in developed countries believe that contractors have knowledge to offer concerning safety as they have the experiences from different projects and can pin point potentially hazardous risks in the design phase of the project and consequently improve on the Health and Safety and Safety Performance of a project. This research aimed to discover what designers’ in the South African construction industry perceived about the use of ECI in the industry and its effect on the safety performance on construction sites. A review of the literature showed that the designers in the construction industry had various perceptions towards trust and commitment of the contractor towards safety and liability issues among other concerns. Twenty-nine questions were identified, which formed the basis of the quantitative analysis that was undertaken. Five hundred architects, engineers and project managers were identified from the Gauteng Province of South Africa and a questionnaire survey emailed to them. A census sample was used in this research and despite the low response rate (9%) from the participants; the data collected was seen as representative of the population. Analysis of the data collected from this survey revealed that designers believe that the use of ECI in the construction industry may improve the safety performance of the project as well as including contractors earlier in the design phase may be beneficial in enhancing safety during construction. The research also revealed that the designers believe that contractors have knowledge to offer in designing for safety as well as identifying potentially hazardous risks that may elude the designers during the design phase. From the data collected, a number of recommendations were developed to promote the use of ECI in developing countries including a review of policies and guidelines in the construction regulations so as to boost the use of ECI and consequently reduce the number of accidents and fatalities in the industry and as well as improve the overall safety performance of construction sites in South Africa. The overall finding of this research show that the designers in the South African construction industry have a positive attitude towards the use of ECI in the construction industry and are ready to implement it mainly due to the fact that it has a positive impact on the health and safety of workers as well as the overall safety performance of construction sites.

A Thesis Submitted to Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Johannesburg, August 2017
This research investigates how on-site craft gangs adapt to the production environment on-site and how on-site learning is affected by prior learning in orders to optimise productivity. To achieve the aim of the study, previous experience of construction production process of craft gangs, site supervisors and the project managers working in Nigerian construction firms was evaluated. The researcher employed a mixed method research approach utilising qualitative and quantitative approaches. The research strategies used in this investigation included interviews and observation method. A face-to-face semi-structured interviews of (15) participants comprising of craft gangs, site supervisors and the project managers was used in the qualitative method of the data collection to explore the project specific constraints and the response mechanism used to resolve the various constraints. A standard observation data form was used in all the observed seven (7) gang’s blockwork craft gangs on the construction site. The interview transcript results collected were analysed using content analysis, an objective and systematic form of data analysis applicable to analysing interview data. In the application of the learning curve model to the blockwork craft gang’s, the straight-line model was used in the preliminary analysis of the application of learning curve theory to blockwork craft gang’s. In this study, the ordinary least squares technique, frequently referred to as linear regression was used for the data analysis. 0.05% significance level was used as a satisfactory degree of the inferences in the observation part of this study. Blockwork craft gang’s observed at the site shows approximately an overall average learning of 94.21%, resulting in 5.79% improvement in blockwork gang’s productivity. In addition, substantial impact on productivity of blockwork construction was achieved in wall construction. This research work is fundamental in construction management by way of developing an understanding into the changing aspects of on-site blockwork craft gangs learning and its impact on productivity. The repetitive nature of blockwork activities has an important influence on the optimisation of productivity. Construction craft gangs productivity constraints and response mechanism generated in this study provides a methodological instrument for addressing the major constraints influencing craft gangs productivity. This instrument will also permit future research on the project specific constraints and the response mechanisms used to resolve the constraints.
MT 2018

碩士
中華大學
營建管理研究所
96
It is often difficult for small and medium constructors to obtain land information for new development projects, and it takes a great deal of labor to finish such work. Because the calculation process is complicated and complex, and the project duration often affects cost expense, it is difficult for constructors to accurately estimate the amount of required investment. This study investigated the advantages and disadvantages of land development projects by collecting data from relevant books, papers, journals and research reports, and by referencing the literature in the information system and database in order to establish the system architecture of this study. Past cases were examined through expert interviews and relevant experience was obtained to gather the needs of small and medium land developers, and to build the Construction Site Development Management System (CSDMS). Lastly, system feasibility and accuracy was verified with relevant cases. The CSDMS developed in this study allows users to store and manage relevant data and drawings in electronic format to prevent data losses and to perform quick basic sales cost and land development area analysis to help decision-makers estimate the incomes and expenses of the project, as well as to provide information of past projects as a reference. Also, the CSDMS integrates cadastral map transcripts, land registration transcripts, building registration transcripts, urban planning drawings, land use zoning certificate, current status map, land survey maps, line of building frontage instruction, building geo-parcel maps, etc. to enhance data processing efficiency.

碩士
中華大學
營建管理研究所
97
During the process of a constructing project, the demand for construc-tion material always depends upon the schedule planning. The neglect of resources factor often leads to problems of capital dispatching and late ma-terial supply. In a construction site, the utilization of RFID can improve the original management model and allow material type, quantity, and inven-tory can be obtained correctly and integrated into the management system, so that engineers can correctly monitor material information of the con-struction site and the efficiency of construction can be improved. The RFID, ER Model, database and IT technology are used in this study to develop a “Building Material Management System”. This system integrates the tasks of construction material and assists businesses to man-age construction material. In this study, existing construction materials of the site were collected and the upstream suppliers were informed to deliver the materials accord-ing to the lead time. When the wagon came, this system would import the inventory automatically based on the information read by RFID Reader. When workers took the materials to install on site, the integration of the material requisite form and the material return form allows people to man-age and control the information of construction material precisely. The system developed in this study can assist manufacturers to grasp the timing of placing order, facilitate the proceeding of the construction, reduce the cost of inventory, avoid work being held up for lack of material, and reduce the pressure of capital dispatching.

The construction industry contributes significantly to the GDP of the United States, attributing to its growth at an unprecedented rate. Efficient planning on all stages of construction is the only way to combat dynamic obstructions and deliver projects on time. The first element involved in the planning phase deals with the layout of the Construction Site. It significantly regulates the pace at which construction operations function and directly affects the time, cost, and safety linked to the successful delivery of the target project. Hence, it is paramount to ensure that every component of the construction site maneuvers with the utmost productivity. One such equipment that occupies significant attention while carrying out the CSLP process is Tower Crane. Tower crane optimization is pivotal to ensure proper lifting and handling of materials, and warrant conflict-free work zones. This research, therefore, aims to optimize its position by maximizing the lift ability. To achieve the goals, Generative Design- a paradigm that integrates the constructive features of mathematical and visual optimization techniques, is used to develop a relatively comprehensible prototype. The first part of the research, thus, utilized Generative Design on two construction sites- one from the United States and one from India. After implementing the visual programming algorithm, an improvement of 40% was warranted in the lift score. A pool of potential alternatives was explored and supplemented by the trade-off illustrations. The concept of trade-off was substantiated by allowing a framework for prioritization of lift cycles, and facilitating a holistic decision-making process. To evaluate the usability, 12 participants were chosen based on their previous experience with tower crane operations. The participants witnessed a live demonstration of the algorithm, answered a Likert scale questionnaire, and appeared for an open-ended interview to provide feedback about the proposed Generative Design technique. After carrying out narrative analysis for the usability aspect- it has been unanimously observed that the technique has extreme efficiency of usage and can evidently prevent the occurrence of errors. The study concludes by providing recommendations to augment the significance and usability of Generative Design for tower crane position optimization.

碩士
逢甲大學
建築及都市計畫研究所
83
Recent years,the economics is growth quickly in TAIWAN ,some technology and construction follow advanced,it has stimulated arapid development in the construction line too ,but any problem of workers in operating safe to take. In the factor of construct accident to happen that are important reasons with workers to neglect and deficiency of vocational education , employer to despise , unsound of laws and regulations. Because of internal with regard to construction line con- cerned with laws and regulation of operating safe to eliminate the Law of Safety and Health of Worker , Furthermore , Con- structional Standard of the Safety and Health , Standard of Step to Safeguard in High Operating and so on , because not to know what to do of illegal for workers and employers.Therefore,making policy to depend on expert o r scholar usually to cut down accident to happen in operating.Because of this , try to combine the concerned with laws of construction safe in construction line and computery in this research that to establish a set Expert System of Safe Management in Construction Site to cause the system have ability inference and to make policy to be simi- lar to experts or scholars and to have characteristics of stable,with one accord,popular,to expand,economy, permanent. The expert system shell in research is exsys that suitable in AT,XT,IBM PC and other compatible computer, moreover , use to go with ET Chinese System.Because of time limit to confine study , therefore , the study only to aim directly at openings of buildings of RC, S, SRC to explore and to establish a set Expert System of Safe Management of Openings of Buildings.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)
The landscape of James A. Garfield’s Mentor, Ohio home (now preserved at James A. Garfield National Historic Site) contains multiple layers of historical meanings and values. The landscape as portrayed in political biographies, political cartoons, and other ephemera during Garfield’s 1880 presidential campaign reveals the existence of the dual cultural values of agrarian tradition and agricultural progress in the late nineteenth century. Although Garfield did not depend on farming exclusively for his livelihood, he, like many agriculturalists of this era participated in a process of mediation between these dual values. The function of the landscape of Garfield’s farm between 1876 and 1880 is a reflection of this process of mediation. After President Garfield’s assassination in 1881, his wife and children returned to their Mentor home. Between 1885 and c. 1905, Garfield’s widow Lucretia made numerous changes to the agricultural landscape, facilitating the evolution of the home from farm to country estate. Despite the rich history of this landscape, its cultural complexity and evolution over time makes it difficult to interpret for public audiences. Additionally, the landscape is currently interpreted exclusively through indoor museum exhibits and outdoor wayside panels, two formats with severe limitations. I propose the integration of deep mapping into interpretation at James A. Garfield National historic site in order to more effectively represent the multi-layered qualities of its historic landscape.