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1
Jacobsohn, Stacey A. "Stories of money| Building social capital through time banking." Thesis, Gonzaga University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1553081.
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<p> This study explored communication and ethical investment in social capital to improve quality of life through the lens of time banking, a model of alternative currency. Previous studies of time banking noted a distinct set of characteristics of time banks that contrast with capitalist-based systems while using similar language; these were compared to research of social capital and social networks. Seven participants were interviewed at-length as representatives of the time bank movement. Stories of money framed theoretical constructs in practice on a daily basis and future visioning of the movement. Further analysis using the dialogic ethic of Martin Buber and the theory of the coordinated management of meaning (CMM) of Pearce and Pearce described transformational patterns of communication in time banks. The analysis shed light on the intentions of time banks and the meaning of the terms reciprocity, community and co-construction of reality. Further explorations of transcendent stories of time banking were recommended.</p>
2
Gawerc, Michelle. "Israeli Palestinian Peace-building Partnerships: Stories of Adaptation, Asymmetry, and Survival." Thesis, Boston College, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/3760.
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Thesis advisor: William A. Gamson<br>This work presents a longitudinal study of greater than 10 years, of all the major peace-building initiatives with an educational encounter-based approach in Israel and Palestine, during times of relative peace and times of acute violence (1993-2008). Interestingly, my results indicated that when the environment became more tumultuous and hostile, the effectiveness and even survival of these organizations depended to a significant degree on the ability of the organizations to manage the power asymmetry between the two sides and work as equally as possible. Organizations which failed to deal effectively with matters of equality, and the needs and desires of both sides, ended up struggling to maintain commitment, or were doused in conflict that could have been tempered if they strived for more equality. This study, which involved fieldwork, participant observation, and interviews with Palestinian and Israeli peace-builders prior to, during, and post-the 2nd Intifada, is in many ways a natural experiment of peace-building organizations operating in radically different contexts. Involving various fields, this research contributes to the broad fields of conflict resolution, peace studies, and organization studies. It offers critical insight into how organizations adapt in radically changing environments, what is problematic, what are their possibilities, and what allows some to survive while others do not. Practically speaking, this study also has political import as it suggests ways to strengthen and sustain peace-building efforts in different contexts and strengthen peace-building's symbolic, cultural, and political worth and value. In addition, it has significance for building sustainable coalitions across an arena of inequality, asymmetry, and difference<br>Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2010<br>Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences<br>Discipline: Sociology
3
Antonioli, Jr Joseph A. "Voice Matters: Building Resonance In Education Using Stories About Identity And Belonging." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2019. https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/1047.
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How do we maintain our own authentic voice while still being a productive member of a group? How do we not lose our voice and our meaning to the collective? This thesis is a series of stories that examines one student's experience with the intersection of music, education, technology, and personal life. It is a document of resonance, identifying interdisciplinary events and ideas that amplify each other, helping the student to extract and apply meaning in times of hope and challenge, peace and chaos, and serenity and sorrow, using the Scholarly Personal Narrative (SPN) approach.
The chapters shape the explorations. The first chapter of this thesis expresses the importance of Listening to our own voice. Chapter 2 explores Dissonance, the tension that challenges us to examine what we believe to be true in our own voice. The third chapter examines Empowerment, looking to the head, heart and gut, carried on our breath, to find success by using our own authentic voice. Chapter 4 looks at Liberation, and the steps we take to reclaim our voice when it is being suppressed. Chapter 5 shares the healing power of music, examining its relationship to Memory. The last chapter attempts to pull all of these ideas together by exploring the relationship between personal Identity and Belonging.
4
Brennan, Karen. "Building a community of (new media) practice : sharing learning stories from a videoblogging collective." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/32453.
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We live in a participatory culture, an environment characterized by the
proliferation of production and sharing via computer-mediated communication. However,
in my department, situated in a faculty of education at a Western Canadian university,
there was a documented disconnect between consuming new media and participating in
new media. To address this disconnect, following the participatory action research
tradition, I initiated a videoblogging collective, which was modeled after NodelOl, a
grass-roots endeavor dedicated to community-based new media capacity building. This
study examined how individuals experienced participation in this new media collective.
Sessions were conducted twice-weekly for a period of six weeks, and I
documented my observations and interpretations by journaling. Through interviews, eight
group members shared their stories of new media and technology support, experienced
both prior to and as a consequence of their participation in the collective. Predominant
themes were developed through data condensation and categorization, and formed the
basis of a chronological narrative that expressed the findings as a collection of ten stories
interleaved with related stories from group members.
I used a situated learning perspective to interpret experiences of videoblogging
and technology support within our community of practice through the dimensions of
mutual engagement, joint enterprise, and shared repertoire. With respect to mutual
engagement, participants experienced tensions in belonging. Full participants appreciated
a closeness among members, but questioned their own roles within the group. Peripheral
members experienced a benefit to witnessing the potentials represented in the group's
work, but were disappointed by the inaccessibility of group relationships or capacities.
With respect to joint enterprise, participants explored their understandings of
videoblogging. Video production was experienced as a process critical to understanding
video as a form of multiliteracy. Despite promising technological capacities, blogs were
experienced as problematic spaces lacking privacy and prone to superficiality. With
respect to shared repertoire, participants described how relationships and domain
cultivated resources and routines. Participants had experienced group learning of
technology skills as challenging, and our repertoire consequently evolved toward formats
such as individual help or email. Our group sessions provided needed space for
discussion and inspiration, space in which members could listen and share.<br>Education, Faculty of<br>Curriculum and Pedagogy (EDCP), Department of<br>Graduate
5
Monteiro, Clarissa Ferreira. "Building stories e a poética experimental: um olhar semiótico sobre o quadrinho de Chris Ware." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8139/tde-19072018-174315/.
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Esta dissertação tem por objetivo analisar a poética do quadrinho experimental, tendo como corpus principal a obra Building Stories, do quadrinista norte-americano Chris Ware. Building Stories é composto por quatorze impressos, de diferentes formatos e tamanhos. Não é apresentada uma ordem de leitura, permitindo ao leitor escolher seu caminho livremente (dentro das 87 bilhões de combinações possíveis). A primeira parte da pesquisa ocupa-se de fazer um recorte diacrônico que contextualize a obra de Ware, mostrando movimentos de ruptura do quadrinho norte-americano, a partir dos underground comix de 1960-70. Dentre as diversas vertentes surgidas do underground, destaca-se o alternativo ao qual pertencem nomes como Art Spiegelman, Richard McGuire e Chris Ware. A consideração das características do quadrinho alternativo permitem mostrar algumas das singularidades da narrativa gráfica experimental e como Ware se coloca em relação a essa produção. Se faz necessário também apresentar o trabalho de Ware, seu percurso como quadrinista e as características de sua criação, exploradas também nas histórias analisadas nesta dissertação. A segunda parte da pesquisa faz um recorte de duas das quatorze histórias contidas em Building Stories, para análise. A seleção visa apresentar a obra de Ware, mostrando narrativas gráficas que apresentam algumas de suas principais características e a poética dessas narrativas. As análises se utilizam (i) da teoria greimasiana sobre o texto, observando o percurso gerativo do sentido; (ii) a teoria dos sistemas semissimbólicos, a partir dos estudos de Jean-Marie Floch e Antonio Vicente Pietroforte sobre o texto sincrético dos quadrinhos e (iii) a teoria zilberbergiana, naquilo que concerne a missividade e o ritmo. Por meio da aplicação desses três modelos teóricos, busca-se fazer uma análise abrangente dos quadrinhos de Ware, mostrando a complexidade de suas narrativas, nas quais a estrutura formal do quadrinho faz uma proposta de leitura alternativa. A terceira parte, por fim, se debruça sobre a estrutura de Building Stories, estabelecendo um paralelo entre as múltiplas combinações possíveis de histórias e o conceito saussuriano de relação sintagmática. A subversão da leitura linear (presente nas narrativas gráficas convencionais) permite que se percorra o quadrinho por diversos caminhos, a partir de diferentes pontos de partida: a identidade dos personagens é construída a cada texto escolhido.<br>This dissertation aims to analyze the poetics of the experimental comic, presents as main corpus the oeuvre Building Stories, by North American comic author Chris Ware. Building Stories consists of fourteen prints, of different shapes and sizes. A reading order is not suggested, allowing the readers to freely choose their own path (within its 87 billion possible combinations). The first part of this research makes a diachronic clipping that contextualizes Wares work, presenting the rupture movements of American comics, starting from the underground comix of the 1960s and 70s. Among the varieties of non-mainstream comics that came after the underground, alternative comics are highlighted, featuring names such as Art Spiegelman, Richard McGuire and Chris Ware. A consideration of the characteristics of alternative comics shows some of the singularities of the experimental graphic narrative and how Wares comics stand in relation to this form of production. It is also necessary to present Wares work, his course as a comics author and the characteristics of his creations, explored also in the stories analyzed in this dissertation. The second part of the research selects two of the fourteen prints in Building Stories, for further analysis. The selection aims to present Wares oeuvre, showing graphic narratives that feature some of its characteristics and their poetic qualities. The analysis makes use of (i) the Greimasian theory of text, following the generative course of meaning; (ii) the theory of semi-symbolic systems, based on the studies of Jean-Marie Floch and Antonio Vicente Pietroforte on the syncretic text of comics and (iii) the Zilberbergian theory, in regards to missivity and rhythm. Through the application of these theoretical models, it is sought to make a comprehensive analysis of Wares comics, showing the formal complexity of his narratives, in which the formal structure of the comic proposes an alternative form of reading. The third part, lastly, focuses on the structure of Building Stories, establishing a parallel between its multiple possible combinations and the Saussurian concept of syntagmatic relation. The subversion of the linear reading (featured in conventional graphic narratives) allows the reader to follow different paths in the comic, from different starting points: the identity of its characters is constructed with each chosen text.
6
Reagan, Andrew James. "Towards a science of human stories: using sentiment analysis and emotional arcs to understand the building blocks of complex social systems." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2017. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/743.
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We can leverage data and complex systems science to better understand society and human nature on a population scale through language --- utilizing tools that include sentiment analysis, machine learning, and data visualization.
Data-driven science and the sociotechnical systems that we use every day are enabling a transformation from hypothesis-driven, reductionist methodology to complex systems sciences.
Namely, the emergence and global adoption of social media has rendered possible the real-time estimation of population-scale sentiment, with profound implications for our understanding of human behavior.
Advances in computing power, natural language processing, and digitization of text now make it possible to study a culture's evolution through its texts using a "big data" lens.
Given the growing assortment of sentiment measuring instruments, it is imperative to understand which aspects of sentiment dictionaries contribute to both their classification accuracy and their ability to provide richer understanding of texts.
Here, we perform detailed, quantitative tests and qualitative assessments of 6 dictionary-based methods applied to 4 different corpora, and briefly examine a further 20 methods.
We show that while inappropriate for sentences, dictionary-based methods are generally robust in their classification accuracy for longer texts.
Most importantly they can aid understanding of texts with reliable and meaningful word shift graphs if (1) the dictionary covers a sufficiently large enough portion of a given text's lexicon when weighted by word usage frequency; and (2) words are scored on a continuous scale.
Our ability to communicate relies in part upon a shared emotional experience, with stories often following distinct emotional trajectories, forming patterns that are meaningful to us.
By classifying the emotional arcs for a filtered subset of 4,803 stories from Project Gutenberg's fiction collection, we find a set of six core trajectories which form the building blocks of complex narratives.
We strengthen our findings by separately applying optimization, linear decomposition, supervised learning, and unsupervised learning.
For each of these six core emotional arcs, we examine the closest characteristic stories in publication today and find that particular emotional arcs enjoy greater success, as measured by downloads.
Within stories lie the core values of social behavior, rich with both strategies and proper protocol, which we can begin to study more broadly and systematically as a true reflection of culture.
Of profound scientific interest will be the degree to which we can eventually understand the full landscape of human stories, and data driven approaches will play a crucial role.
Finally, we utilize web-scale data from Twitter to study the limits of what social data can tell us about public health, mental illness, discourse around the protest movement of #BlackLivesMatter, discourse around climate change, and hidden networks.
We conclude with a review of published works in complex systems that separately analyze charitable donations, the happiness of words in 10 languages, 100 years of daily temperature data across the United States, and Australian Rules Football games.
7
Livas, Charalampos. "Building extension through additional CLT storeys." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för teknikvetenskap och matematik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-82227.
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In the last decade, the use of cross-laminated timber (CLT) panels as load bearing elements have become a usual solution for buildings and structures with an upward trend internationally. This is because CLT has brilliant physical and mechanical properties and it is also an eco-friendly and renewable material. In addition, the prefabricated nature of the CLT panels in a controlled environment increases the overall building speed, reduces dramatically the erection time, and makes it an even more competitive structural material compared to more traditional ones like concrete and steel. Up until now, timber as a building material has mainly been used for roofs and pergolas in Greece. Concrete and steel have traditionally been the dominant building materials over the years. Timber is not such competitive mainly because there is not enough knowledge of abouttimber buildings. The fact that Greece is not a sawn timber producer affects this trend. Nowadays, the simple and cheap import of sawn timber, as well as the sensitiveness about the environment, are strong factors for introducing timber buildings to Greece. There is already a great demand for timber buildings, and an increase in the requests is expected.CLT panels are used in a wide spectrum of structural applications. They are used as structural components for houses, offices, multi-story buildings, schools, industrial halls, sports halls, and special structures [4]. Another innovative application of CLT is the renovation through vertical expansion with additional floors to existing buildings. This new and promising trend is becoming more and more frequent, especially in developing cities where there is a need for new houses in limited space. The low density of CLT and so the low overall weight of the additional structure, makes the CLT components a robust building solution for vertical renovation since there is usually no need for reinforcement of the foundations of the current building [15]. The aim of this study is to provide the author with the opportunity to deepen his knowledge regarding the special characteristics of CLT as a building material as well as to understand its mechanical properties and the theories which describe them. In addition, this study constitutes the first attempt at modeling and designing a timber structure made with CLT panels. Therefore, the knowledge gained about the special features in CLT modeling is a fundamental task. Finally, since the design of the CLT structure is based on the European design rules for buildings, the engagement with the appropriate Eurocodes, i.e. Eurocode 0, 1 & 5, is another critical task in this study. The structure under consideration is a two-story CLT structure which is a vertical expansion of a current composite (concrete-steel) building. The first additional floor will be used as an office area and the second one as a typical family house. Both additional floors are made of CLT elements and, where is necessary, glulam beams and columns are considered as reinforcement of the CLT panels and as supports, respectively. The design method includes finite element analysis (FEA) which is performed by the commercial structural softwareDLUBAL – RFEM [8]. In this study, the latter software is chosen for the design and the analysis of the structure since it is specialized software for timber structures made of CLT elements.
8
Lanford, Patricia. "A model for building trustworthiness in online stores." Auburn, Ala., 2007. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/07M%20Dissertations/LANFORD_PATRICIA_43.pdf.
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Yapicioglu, Haluk Smith Alice E. "Retail spatial design with a racetrack aisle network considering revenue and adjacencies." Auburn, Ala., 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1479.
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Al, Haddad Aiham Emil. "Wind-induced Vibration Control of Tall Timber Buildings : Improving the dynamic response of a 22-storey timber building." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för byggteknik (BY), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-57005.
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Plans for construction of the tallest residential timber building has driven the Technical Research Institute of Sweden (SP), Linnaeus University, Växjö and more than ten interested companies to determine an appropriate design for the structure. This thesis presents a part of ongoing research regarding wind-induced vibration control to meet serviceability limit state (SLS) requirements. A parametric study was conducted on a 22-storey timber building with a CLT shear wall system utilizing mass, stiffness and damping as the main parameters in the dynamic domain. Results were assessed according to the Swedish Annex EKS 10 and Eurocode against ISO 10137 and ISO 6897 requirements. Increasing mass, stiffness and/or damping has a favorable impact. Combination scenarios present potential solutions for suppressing wind-induced vibrations as a result of higher efficiency in low-increased levels of mass and damping.
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Schmidl, Helen. "Från vildmark till grön ängel : Receptionsanalyser av läsning i åttonde klass." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Litteraturvetenskapliga institutionen, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-8538.
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The subject of this dissertation is Swedish upper secondary pupils’ reception of novels read as part of their literature instruction. The main purpose is to study and compare the reading of female pupils with that of male pupils and to analyze to what extent attention is paid to their private reading experiences in the literary teaching. What strategies do the students use to interpret and discuss fiction? And what is the relationship between their private reading habits and the way fiction is studied at school? Consequently, the subject field of this qualitative study concerns not only teenagers’ private reading habits, but also gender related issues, school adjusted reading routines and didactic matters. Reading at school differs in many ways from the pupils’ private reading habits, but there are also differences regarding the students’ attitudes towards reading as such. There proved to be certain diversities between the reading habits of boys and girls. The boys read in general less than the girls, and many boys were interested in reading adventurous and exciting stories. The girls were more into reading realistic novels, and to them it was important that they could identify with the characters. Many pupils responded personally to their reading. Instead of reflecting on the meaning of a text and comparing it to other texts or phenomena of the surrounding world, their reception confined itself to categories like “boring” or “exciting”. Merely a few students included a more profound literary analysis in their responses. An important aim of literature instruction must be to broaden the pupils’ literary repertoires and to make them improve their reading skills. This study shows that to achieve these improvements the students must feel involved, which means that literature instruction must be adapted to the literary cultures of both boys and girls.
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Silva, Raquel Rocha da. "Estratégias de construção textual do enigma em narrativas de suspense." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2011. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/14215.
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Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T19:33:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
Raquel Rocha da Silva.pdf: 474909 bytes, checksum: 1628a6ecb22eb94eddc46cd130cc1804 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2011-10-26<br>This dissertation is linked to the research line: Text and discourse in oral and
written modalities of the Postgraduate Program in Portuguese Language at PUC-SP.
It has been the theme, textual organization of suspense story, from the strategies
implemented by narrator in order to obtain and maintain attention of their readers.
Objectives are segmentation and analysis of product verbal text in episodes,
reconstruction of episodes stopped in causality; character modalizations, referencing
and changing roles.
Methodological procedure is analytical theoretical, performing the following
analytical categories. The analysis followed four categories namely:
I. Full text segmentation by episodes;
II. Temporal ordering of segmented episodes;
III. Examination of text referencing concerning the characters, from the modalities
to be x look like: maintenance and modification of social roles.
IV. The analysis of suspense, situated as climax.
The results indicate that:
There are different strategies applied by authors to build suspense in verbal
text product.
Readers build a meaning calculation due to the second narrative route concealment
forcing, when recognizing the relevance, making ostensive inferences in order
to make it explicit.
Modalizations to be x look like, allow to recognize the truth, lying, and mystery.
Suspense is defined by the articulation of puzzle-revelation.
Conclusion is that suspense stories are a discourse genre that deserve further
studies<br>Esta dissertação está vinculada à linha de pesquisa: Texto e discurso nas
modalidades oral e escrita do Programa de Pós Graduação em Língua Portuguesa
da PUC-SP.
Tem-se por tema a organização textual de história de suspense, a partir de
estratégias aplicadas pelo narrador, a fim de obter e manter a atenção de seus leitores.
São objetivos a segmentação e análise do texto produto verbal em episódios;
a reconstrução dos episódios interrompidos na causalidade; as modalizações de
personagens, a referenciação e as mudanças de papéis.
O procedimento metodológico é teórico analítico, seguindo as seguintes categorias
analíticas:
As análises seguiram quatro categorias a saber:
I. A segmentação do texto integral por episódios;
II. A ordenação temporal dos episódios segmentados;
III. O exame da referenciação do texto relativa aos personagens, a partir das
modalidades ser x parecer: manutenção e modificação de papéis sociais;
IV. A análise do suspense, situado como clímax.
Os resultados obtidos indicam que:
Há diferentes estratégias aplicadas pelo autor para construção do suspense
no texto produto verbal.
O leitor constrói um cálculo de significações que devido ao ocultamento do
segundo percurso narrativo obriga-o ao reconhecer a relevância, fazer inferências
ostensivas, de forma a explicitá-lo.
As modalizações de ser + parecer permitem reconhecer a verdade, a mentira,
e o mistério.
O suspense é definido pela articulação de enigma-revelação.
Conclui-se que histórias de suspense são um gênero textual discursivo que
merecem outros estudos
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McCuskey, Caitlin Anne. "Mapping Architecture as Archive: Stories in the Walls." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1529578729584707.
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Ho, Yin Bon. "Seismic vulnerability assessment of tall buildings with transfer storeys /." View abstract or full-text, 2009. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?CIVL%202009%20HOY.
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Yazan, Bedrettin. "Sectarian Conflict And Inability To Construct A National Identity In Northern Ireland In Christina Reid." Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12609772/index.pdf.
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Based on Christina Reid&rsquo<br>s five Plays &ldquo<br>Tea in a China Cup,&rdquo<br>&ldquo<br>Did You Hear the One About the Irishman &hellip<br>?,&rdquo<br>&ldquo<br>Joyriders,&rdquo<br>&ldquo<br>The Belle of the Belfast City,&rdquo<br>and &ldquo<br>My Name, Shall I Tell You My Name?&rdquo<br>the aim of this study is to put under discussion the idea that the sectarian conflict between the two ethno-religious communities in Northern Ireland is maintained deliberately and a national identity unique to the people in this country cannot be constructed at least in the near future. The Protestants in Northern Ireland cannot choose Irishness as a national identity because the Irishness has been monopolized by the Catholics, and cannot adopt the
Britishness as a national identity because of the varieties in the social factors they have. Likewise, the Catholics in Northern Ireland do not call themselves British because their Catholicism involves an Irish identity with the rejection of the British rule, and they cannot truly entitle themselves Irish due to the differences in social conditions. However, both factions try to adhere themselves to a national identity through their communal ideology. The Protestants claim that they are part of Britain, while the Catholics claim that they are members of Irish Nation. This situation has led to reluctance in both communities to stop the conflictual circumstances which encourage both groups to tether to their traditions more intensely, to contribute to the otherization process reinforcing their social identity and lead them to impose their working ideology on their new members whose divergence from traditions will definitely pose a threat to their identity. Also, in this country the forgetting / remembering process, which is actually exploited to forge a national identity, is orchestrated by the two communities to enlarge the intercommunal chasm through the narration of the old stories and memories, creation of stories, commemoration activities and museumizing certain objects.
Throughout the study the key points which will be highlighted are as follows: nation, national identity and nation building process, the sectarian conflict between the two communities in Northern Ireland, maintenance of conflictual situation and the employment of the forgetting / remembering process in Northern Ireland.
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Vessby, Johan. "Shear walls for multi-storey timber buildings." Licentiate thesis, Växjö University, School of Technology and Design, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-2420.
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<p>Wind loads acting on wooden building structures need to be dealt with adequately in order to ensure that neither the serviceability limit state nor the ultimate limit state is exceeded. For the structural designer of tall buildings, avoiding the possibly serious consequences of heavy wind loading while taking account at the same time of the effects of gravitation can be a real challenge. Wind loads are usually no major problem for low buildings, such as one- to two-storey timber structures involving ordinary walls made by nailing or screwing sheets of various types to the frame, but when taller structures are designed and built, serious problems may arise.</p><p>Since wind speed and thus wind pressure increases with height above the ground and the shear forces transmitted by the walls increase accordingly, storey by storey, considerable efforts can be needed to handle the strong horizontal shear forces that are exerted on the bottom floor in particular. The strong uplift forces that can develop on the wind side of a structure are yet another matter that can be critical. Accordingly, a structure needs to be anchored to the substrate or to the ground by connections that are properly designed. Since the calculated uplift forces depend very much upon the models employed, the choice of models and simplifications in the analysis that are undertaken also need to be considered carefully.</p><p>The present licentiate thesis addresses questions of how wind loads acting on multi-storey timber buildings can be best dealt with and calculated for in the structural design of such buildings. The conventional use of sheathing either nailed or screwed to a timber framework is considered, together with other methods of stabilizing timber structures. Alternative ways of using solid timber elements for stabilization are also of special interest.</p><p>The finite element method was employed in simulating the structural behaviour of stabilizing units. A study was carried out of walls in which sheathing was nailed onto a timber frame. Different structural levels were involved, extending from modelling the performance of a single fastener and of the connection of the sheathing to frame, to the use of models of this sort for studying the overall structural behaviour of wall elements that possess a stabilizing function. The results of models used for simulating different load cases for walls agreed reasonably well with experimental test results. The structural properties of the fasteners binding the sheathing to the frame, as well as of the connections between the members of the frame were shown to have a strong effect on the simulated behaviour of shear wall units.</p><p>Regarding solid wall panels, it was concluded that walls with a high level of both stiffness and strength can be produced by use of such panels, and also that the connections between the solid wall panels can be designed in such a way that the shear forces involved are effectively transmitted from one panel to the next.</p>
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Pourghazian, Hanif. "Industrial Construction Methods for Cost-Effective and Sustainable Multi-Storey Buildings." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Royal Institute of Technology, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-9212.
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Risen, Jeremy D. "Indianapolis department store architecture : the national and local development of the department store building type." Virtual Press, 2000. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1178347.
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The department store retailing concept grew out of the nineteenth century dry goods retail trade. Dry goods stores were usually housed in a group of nineteenth century commercial buildings. As the United States became more prosperous during the late nineteenth century, dry goods establishments outgrew their buildings and developed a new department store building type. The "second generation" store design was generally tripartite: large ground floor display windows, intermediate stories with regular banks of windows, and decorative upper one or two stories capped with an elaborate cornice. These flagship buildings were expanded and remodeled until the 1950s, when the focus of department store retailing shifted to the suburban branch stores. The branch stores anchored shopping centers in the 1950s and 1960s and enclosed shopping malls thereafter.<br>Department of Architecture
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Vessby, Johan. "Analysis of shear wallsfor multi-storey timber buildings." Doctoral thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för teknik, TEK, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-11489.
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This doctoral thesis addresses questions of how wind loads acting on multistoreytimber buildings can be dealt with by structural design of such buildings.The conventional use of sheathing either nailed or screwed to a timberframework is considered, together with other stabilizing structures such ascross-laminated timber panels.The finite element method was employed in simulating the structuralbehaviour of stabilizing wall units. A series of studies was carried out of walls inwhich the sheathing was nailed to a timber frame. Different structural levelswere studied starting with modelling the performance of single sheathing-toframingconnections, to the use of models for studying the overall structuralbehaviour of walls. The results of calculations using models for simulation ofwalls subjected to different loading agree reasonably well with experimentalresults. The structural properties of the connections between the sheathing andthe frame, as well as of the connections between the members of the frame,were shown to have a substantial effect on the simulated behaviour of shearwall units. Both these types of connections were studied and described inappended papers.Regarding cross-laminated timber wall panels, it was concluded that walls witha high level of both stiffness and strength can be produced by the use of suchpanels, and also that the connections between the solid wall panels can bedesigned in such a way that the shear forces involved are transmitted from onepanel to the next in an efficient manner.Other topics in the thesis include the properties of connections between shearwalls and the rest of the building. Typically high tension forces occur at specificpoints in a timber structure. These forces need to be transmitted downwards inthe structure, ultimately connecting them to the substrate. A lap-joint that maybe used for this purpose has been studied using generalized Volkersen theory.Finally the maximum capacity of a conventional rail to substrate connection hasbeen examined using linear and nonlinear fracture mechanics.
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Utne, Ingunn. "Numerical Models for Dynamic Properties of a 14 Storey Timber Building." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for konstruksjonsteknikk, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-21121.
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The world tallest timber building with height of 45 meters, is planned for Bergen, Norway. In this master thesis the dynamic properties of the case building, as proposed by Sweco and Artec, are investigated. The proposed structural concept with a glulam frame and power-storeys, have never previously been built, and it is desirable to develop and understanding of the dynamic problems concerning this building. Previous work have shown problems with acceleration levels for tall timber building, mostly due to the material properties of timber. Timber has high flexibility and strength combined with low weight. The main aim of the work have been to build a 3D-model of the case building in a finite element program, where numerical methods can be used to find the dynamic properties of the building. The wind load and acceleration levels are investigated, and found to be reasonable compared to various criterions presented. The effect of the stiffness in the connections, as well as the use of apartment modules are investigated. In addition a dynamic analysis is run, and stochastic subspace state space system identification is used to verify the model. This can later be used for verification of the actual building when finished, and will be an important method to determine the actual damping and stiffness. Based on the findings in this work, the concept is assumed feasible, possible with some changes an even better concept is achieved. It will be exciting to see how Sweco will develop the concept further in the next planning phase. KEYWORDS: dynamic response, timber buildings, system identification, acceleration requirements
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Chandler, Adrian Mark. "Coupled torsional response of single-storey building models to earthquake loading." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.308733.
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Yildirim, Ilyas. "Optimal Wind Bracing Systems For Multi-storey Steel Buildings." Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12610792/index.pdf.
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The major concern in the design of the multi-storey buildings is the structure to have enough lateral stability to resist wind forces. There are different ways to limit the lateral drift. First method is to use unbraced frame with moment-resisting connections. Second one is to use braced frames with moment-resisting connections. Third one is to use pin-jointed connections instead of moment-resisting one and using bracings. Finally braced frame with both moment-resisting and pin-jointed connections is a solution.
There are lots of bracing models and the designer should choose the appropriate one. This thesis investigates optimal lateral bracing systems in steel structures. The method selects appropriate sections for beams, columns and bracings, from a given steel section set, and obtains a design with least
weight. After obtaining the best designs in case of weight, cost analysis of all structures are carried out so that the most economical model is found. For this purpose evolution strategies optimization method is used which is a member of the evolutionary algorithms search techniques.
First optimum design of steel frames is introduced in the thesis. Then evolution strategies technique is explained. This is followed by some information about design loads and bracing systems are given. It is continued by the cost analysis of the models. Finally numerical examples are presented. Optimum designs of three different structures, comprising twelve different bracing models, are carried out. The calculations are carried out by a computer program (OPTSTEEL) which is recently developed to achieve size optimization design of
skeletal structures.
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Sarvghad-Moghadam, Abdoreza. "Seismic torsional response of asymmetrical multi-storey frame buildings." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0003/NQ42874.pdf.
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Yeh, Yu-Hsiang. "Comparative life cycle assessment of multi-storey timber buildings." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-151947.
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The entire comparative estimation comprises four sections: 1. Embodied environmental implications of different structural systems of wooden buildings; 2. Embodied ecological efficiency of diverse constructions composed of various materials; 3. LCA of building models comprising equivalent thermal performance; 4. LCA of building models exhibiting similar seismic behaviour. First, the LCA results for thirty realised buildings are analysed based on the inventory of each project. This evaluation is intended to quantify and compare the embodied environmental burdens caused by different structural systems of timber houses. The second section is a comparative evaluation of the embodied ecological impacts caused by different materials, when used in the same construction. This study aims to investigate the ecological efficiency of various materials in the form of whole structures. With regard to making a compatible and reasonable LCA comparison, however, the appraisal needs a more scientific framework. In order to address this insufficiency, the third and fourth LCA studies are carried out. The third section involves various buildings made of different materials but providing equivalent thermal performance. Within this estimation, the thermal performance of a building is simply represented by the thermal inertia of its outer walls. Constructions composed of alternative envelopes are established and LCA based on the inventories of these structures are carried out. The fourth section examines three structures composed of three building materials but exhibiting similar seismic behaviour. In this study, the horizontal stiffness of the entire building against earthquakes indicates its seismic performance. The simulation develops alternative multi-storey buildings according to the seismic performance. The environmental impacts of the three buildings are quantified and compared. Both the third and fourth sections take the recycling scenarios into account. The impact of disposal after the end-of-life and the contribution from reuse and recovery are integrated into the overall impact assessment. Defining the system boundary and scope is essential for LCA studies. Normally, LCA framework refers to a ‘from-cradle-to-grave’ scenario, including the manufacturing, utilisation and dismantling phases. In the studies here, however, the estimation is focused on the production and recycling stages, without the results for utilisation and maintenance. This appraisal is the so-called ‘from-cradle-to-gate’ plus ‘from-gate-to-grave’ system. Compared to former research, this dissertation raises a couple of innovative contributions to the sustainability appraisals of constructions: 1. The scopes are focused on the structural part of buildings, considering the congruent system boundary for LCA. 2. A series of LCAs compare various building materials in the form of construction, integrating diverse aspects about buildings like thermal and seismic performance. 3. These LCAs are based on consistent prerequisites and make it possible to compare the results comprehensively. 4. In addition to embodied implications, these LCA quantify the contribution from material recycling. 5. This study divides the timber buildings according to their structural systems and estimates them individually<br>Die vergleichende Bewertung der Umweltleistung mehrgeschossiger Wohnbauten umfasst vier Abschnitte: 1. Ökologische Auswirkungen der Bereitstellung und Bearbeitung von Holz für verschiedene Tragsysteme; 2. Material- und herstellungsinduzierte (graue) Umwelteffizienz von verschiedenen Materialien und Bauweisen; 3. Ökobilanzierung von Gebäuden mit gleichen thermischen Eigenschaften; 4. Ökobilanzierung von Gebäuden mit ähnlichem seismischen Verhalten. Zunächst werden die Ergebnisse der Ökobilanz für dreißig realisierte Bauten auf der Grundlage der Sachbilanzen analysiert. Diese Auswertung vergleicht und quantifiziert die materialbezogene Umweltbelastung für verschiedene Tragsysteme mehrgeschossiger Wohnbauten aus Holz. Der zweite Abschnitt vergleicht die ökologischen Auswirkungen verschiedener Baustoffe, wobei jeweils der gleiche Konstruktionstyp zugrunde gelegt wird. Das Ziel dieser Studie ist die Untersuchung der Umwelteffizienz unterschiedlicher Materialien auf der Ebene der Gebäudeteile. In Hinblick auf die Kompatibilität und Plausibilität der Ökobilanz wird mit der dritten und vierten LCA ein einheitlicher Bewertungsansatz geschaffen. Der dritte Abschnitt handelt von verschiedenen Gebäudetypen mit gleichem Wärmestandard aber unterschiedlichen Baustoffen, wobei die Wärmeeffizienz vereinfachend durch den Wärmedurchgangswiderstand der Außenwände erfasst wird. Es werden Baukonstruktionen mit alternativen Gebäudehüllen entwickelt und auf der Grundlage der Sachbilanzen ökologisch bewertet. Der vierte Abschnitt untersucht drei Strukturen aus verschiedenen Baustoffen mit ähnlichem seismischen Verhalten. Diese Studie verwendet die horizontale Steifigkeit des Gebäudes gegen Erdbebenerschütterungen als Indikator für die seismische Leistungsfähigkeit. Auf der Basis dieses Indikators werden konstruktive Alternativen für mehrgeschossige Gebäuden entwickelt und deren Umweltwirkungen quantitativ ermittelt. Sowohl im dritten als auch im vierten Abschnitt werden unterschiedliche Recyclingszenarien berücksichtigt. Die Auswirkungen auf die Umwelt, die nach der Nutzungsdauer infolge der Abfallbeseitigung, des Materialrecycling oder die Wiederverwendung entstehen, werden in die gesamte Umweltwirkungsabschätzung integriert. Die Festlegung der Systemgrenzen und der Umfang der Betrachtung ist für die Ökobilanz unerlässlich. Normalerweise betrachten diese alle Lebenszyklusphasen eines Produkts, einschließlich Herstellung, Nutzung und Recyclings („from-cradle-to-grave“). Die hier betrachteten Untersuchungen beschränken sich jedoch auf die Phasen der Produktion und des Recyclings. Umweltauswirkungen infolge der Nutzung und Wartung des Gebäudes werden nicht berücksichtigt ( „from-cradle-to-gate“ und „from-gate-to-grave“). Im Vergleich mit früheren Forschungsergebnissen arbeitet diese Dissertation innovative Beiträge zur Umweltbewertung von Baukonstruktionen heraus: 1. Der Rahmen der Untersuchung erstreckt sich auf die Bauteile der Gebäudestruktur, was zu einer einheitlichen Systemgrenze für die Ökobilanzen führt. 2. Die Datenreihen der Ökobilanzen vergleichen verschiedenartige Baumaterialien auf der Ebene von Gebäudeteilen unter verschiedenen Aspekten. 3. Diesen Ökobilanzen liegen einheitliche Voraussetzungen zugrunde. Dadurch ist es möglich, die Ergebnisse umfassend zu vergleichen. 4. Neben den material- und herstellungsinduzierten Umweltauswirkungen quantifizieren diese Ökobilanzen direkt den Beitrag des Materialrecyclings. 5. Die Arbeit klassifiziert die mehrgeschossigen Holzbauten nach Tragsystemen und bewertet diese individuell
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Palermo, Antonio. "Influence of cladding on robustness of multi-storey buildings." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/6003/.
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In this dissertation the influence of a precast concrete cladding system on structural robustness of a multi-storey steel-composite building is studied. The analysis follows the well-established framework developed at Imperial College London for the appraisal of robustness of multi-storey buildings. For this scope a simplified nonlinear model of a typical precast concrete façade-system is developed. Particular attention is given to the connection system between structural frame and panel, recognised as the driving component of the nonlinear behaviour of the façade-system. Only connections involved in the gravity load path are evaluated (bearing connections).
Together with standard connection, a newly proposed system (Slotted Bearing Connection) is designed to achieve a more ductile behaviour of the panel-connection system. A parametric study involving the dimensions of panel-connection components is developed to search for an optimal configuration of the bearing connection.
From the appraisal of structural robustness of the panelised frame it is found that the standard connection systems may reduce the robustness of a multi-storey frame due to a poor ductile behaviour while the newly proposed connection is able to guarantee an enhanced response to the panelised multi-storey frame thanks to a higher ductility.
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Jones, William Timothy. "Paper Tower: Aesthetics, Taste, and the Mind-Body Problem in American Independent Comics." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1395604923.
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Muca, Matilda, and Celine Haikal. "Seismic analysis and retrofitting of an existing multi-storey building in Stockholm." Thesis, KTH, Betongbyggnad, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-231453.
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Throughout the years earthquakes are a huge concern for structures; causing losses of peoples’ lives, damages and collapse of homes. Usually, most of the buildings that collapse or have serious damages are mostly old buildings that do not fulfil any longer the updated regulations and building codes concerning seismic design. The purpose of this Master’s thesis is to analyse and strengthen an existing building given by the company Sweco, by using proper and innovative retrofitting techniques; considering Eurocode 8 and collected data from previous studies. The selected building is a seven-storey structure in Stockholm; consists of prefabricated concrete and steel elements and is tested under seismic loading to investigate the global behaviour of the structure using the software MIDAS GEN. Two analyses are performed; assessment analysis which includes modelling of the given structure where the structural capacities are studied. The second analysis is the seismic analysis which includes two secondary analyses; before seismic retrofitting and after seismic retrofitting respectively. In the seismic analysis before the seismic retrofitting is applied, the main scope is to identify the most critical positions of the building where it behaves abnormally and the displacements are high enough in order to modify the structure to decrease displacements. Moreover, the frequencies were obtained and examined. The second seismic analysis includes the modified structure; where it was tested with different alternative methods of seismic retrofitting in order to identify which technique is the most proper one to optimise the strength and the structural performance of the given building. Finally, it appeared that a combination of seismic retrofitting methodologies was the most suitable selection. The selected combination consists of steel bracings and prefabricated reinforced concrete walls (shear walls). After performing the seismic retrofitting analysis, results of the frequencies and displacements of the structure were acquired and compared with the un-retrofitted analysis. The obtained results displayed that using this structural modification improved by increasing the frequency in the transverse direction (y) by 57.2%, in the longitudinal direction (x) by 27.6% and rotational along the z-axis by 12.9%; lastly, by decreasing the displacements in the x- and y-direction remarkably. Consequently, a combination of innovative seismic retrofitting methods appeared to be more effective, achieving a more resistant building under seismic hazards, by improving the stability and ductility of the structure. This gives rise to further researches and investigations for future solutions regarding seismic retrofitting applications and methodologies.<br>Jordbävningar är skakningar i marken som orsakar förluster av människors liv och leder till skador och kollaps av byggnader. Vanligtvis är de flesta byggnader som har allvarligt skadats eller kollapsat, äldre byggnader som inte längre uppfyller de uppdaterade byggreglerna för seismisk design. Syftet med detta examensarbete är att analysera och stärka en befintlig byggnad som har distribuerats av konsult företaget Sweco; lämpliga och innovativa seismisk eftermonteringsmetoder har använts för att förbättra byggnadens tillstånd med hjälp av insamlat vetenskapliga artiklar, tidskrifter och tidigare examensarbete samt svensk standard (Eurokod 8 - för dimensionering av bärverk med avseende på jordbävning). Den utdelade byggnaden är sju våningar hög och ligger i Stockholm. Den består av prefabricerade betong- och stålelement. Byggnaden kommer att testas under seismisk belastning med hjälp av programvaran MIDAS GEN, för att sedan examinera byggnadens globala beteende. Två analyser har utförts; en bedömningsanalys som innefattar granskning av den givna byggnadens kapacitet. Den andra analysen är den seismiska analysen som omfattar två sekundära analyser; en ’före applikation av seismisk eftermonteringsmetod’ och en ’efter applikation av seismisk eftermonteringsmetod’. I den första seismiska analysen, identifieras de mest kritiska positionerna där byggnadens beteende är avvikande med höga förskjutningar och låga frekvenser; således, är behovet av att modifiera och förbättra byggnadens prestanda betydande. Den andra seismiska analysen innefattar den modifierade byggnaden, som har testats med olika alternativa seismiska eftermonteringsmetoder för att identifiera vilken teknik som är mest passande för att optimera byggnadens hållfasthet, elasticitet och prestanda. Efter många experimentella försök, framgick det att en kombination av varierande seismiska eftermonteringsmetoder var det mest lämpliga urvalet. Den valda kombinationen består av stålfackverk och skjuvväggar. Efter genomförandet av den seismiska eftermonteringsanalysen erhölls resultat av frekvensen och förskjutningarna av byggnaden som sedan jämfördes med den första seismiska analysen, innan en eftermonteringsmetod var tillämpad. De erhållna resultaten visade att valet av denna modifikation har förbättrat byggnadens prestanda genom att öka frekvensen i tvärriktningen (y) med 57,2%, i längdriktningen (x) med 27.6% och rotationsfrekvensen längs z-axeln med 12.9%; slutligen, genom att minska förskjutningarna i x- och y-riktningen anmärkningsvärt. Följaktligen, verkade en kombination av varierande seismiska eftermonteringsmetoder vara effektiv, vilket resulterade i en seismisk resistent byggnad med avsevärt god hållfasthet, elasticitet och stabilitet. Denna forskning ger upphov till ytterligare efterforskningar och undersökningar för framtida lösningar avseende seismiska eftermonteringsapplikationer och metoder.
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Pilette, Claude F. "Seismic response and design of single-storey precast concrete buildings." Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=70190.
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A series of eight full-scale precast concrete columns and one precast pretensioned wall panel were tested to determine their reversed cyclic loading responses. The specimens represent typical single-storey precast members including the connections to the foundations. This experimental study illustrates the performance of specimens designed using the current design approach recommended by PCI and CPCI. Methods of increasing the stiffness of the connections and improving the levels of ductility are presented. Details consistent with the seismic design provisions of the CSA Standard were investigated and the resulting performance of the columns and the panel are assessed in terms of expected R factors of the National Building Code of Canada (1990).<br>Analytical models are presented to enable the prediction of the reversed cyclic loading responses of the precast column-foundation and wall-foundation subassemblages. These analytical models are compared with the test results and also enabled the assessment of the performance of single-storey precast concrete structures by non-linear dynamic analyses. Design guidelines are presented for single-storey precast structures located in moderate seismic zones.
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Lourens, Eliz-Mari. "CAD-supported preliminary column force calculations in multi-storey buildings." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1850.
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O'Neill, James William. "The Fire Performance of Timber Floors in Multi-Storey Buildings." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Civil and Natural Resources Engineering, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/9655.
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This research investigated the fire performance of unprotected timber floors, focussing on composite joist floors, composite box floors and timber-concrete composite floors. The study of these floors was conducted using the finite element software ABAQUS using a thermo-stress analysis in three dimensions, and with experimental fire tests of floor assemblies. The major goal of this research was to develop a simplified design approach for timber floors, validated against the numerical and experimental work.
Four furnace tests were conducted on unprotected timber floor systems in the full-scale furnace at the BRANZ facilities in New Zealand. The tested floors were one-way strip floors with pinned support conditions exposed to the ISO 834 standard fire for varying durations of 30 – 105 minutes. The floors were loaded under standard office loading conditions of 3.0kPa live and 1.0kPa superimposed dead loading. The charring rates of the LVL timber members were found to range from 0.66 – 0.86 mm/min across all specimens. When designed to resist a similar load level both the composite joist and box floor types had a similar response to the fire loads, however the joist floors exhibited increased upward burning through the beam members in the latter stages of testing which may contribute to earlier failure times for smaller floor geometries.
A sequentially coupled thermal-stress analysis was conducted to determine the effects of a fire on floor assemblies under load. Firstly a thermal analysis was performed to determine the temperature profile of the floor assemblies for the duration of modelling, and then a stress analysis was performed using the temperature profile as input into the structural model. With regards to the thermal modelling, a proposed set of effective values was used to account for the mass transfer processes occurring in the timber. The thermal modelling predicted the charring damage of the floors tested in the experiments to within a few millimetres of precision, and the simplified assumptions made in relation to fire inputs, boundary conditions, mesh refinement and effective material parameters were accurate to the desired level of precision. A sensitivity study was conducted comparing different mesh sizes, time step sizes, material model approaches and software suites to determine any shortfalls which may be encountered in the analysis. It was found that a material model adopting a latent heat approach was the most adequate for modelling timber in fires using these effective values, and mesh sizes of up to 6 mm produced relatively precise results.
The structural modelling predicted the displacement response and failure times of the floors to within 20% of the experimental data, and the simplified assumptions made in relation to fire inputs, boundary conditions, mesh refinement and effective material properties were once again accurate to the desired level of precision. A modification to the reduction in tension strength at elevated temperatures was proposed to better predict the observed behaviour. A sensitivity study concluded that the material model definition plays a vital role in the output of the modelling. Non-standard fire exposures were also modelled for completeness.
A simplified design method to estimate the fire resistance of unprotected floor assemblies was also developed. The method uses a bi-linear charring rate the assumption of a zero strength layer in the timber. The method was compared to the experimental data from this research and others around the world. The results were also compared to other charring rate methodologies from around the world.
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Caudana, Quintana Humberto. "Semiactive friction connections for seismic control of multi-storey buildings." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2013. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/5041/.
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This document describes an investigation of the efficiency of friction-based passive and semiactive systems for control of the seismic response of multi-storey buildings, and the mechanisms behind their performance. Passive and semiactive systems are novel strategies used to reduce the seismic demand in structural systems by increasing the energy dissipation capacity and altering the dynamic properties of the building. The investigation is conducted by the means of simulations of the non-linear response of low- and medium-rise frames to a variety of seismic excitations with different frequency content, using a computer program especially designed for this purpose. The efficiency of existing passive and four semiactive control systems, as it was demonstrated by the simulations, is closely related to pre-defined control parameters, which limit their effectiveness. In order to investigate the possibility of improving the performance of the existing control systems, two new algorithms are also developed in this research, exploring decentralised and partially decentralised architectures. The novelty of these new algorithms is the use of variable gain factors that determine the required control forces either: (i) based on the relation between the real-time response of the structure and pre-defined values of target deformation, which in this investigation are related to the elastic limits of deformation in the frame (decentralised system); or (ii) by proportionally determining the control forces into a novel strategy of maintaining a constant inter-storey drift along the height of the building (partially decentralised system). The performance of the new control systems on four multi-storey frames is compared to that of existing passive and semiactive systems. The results indicate an improved performance in the two new systems, in comparison to existing strategies, in terms of enhanced adaptability, by not compromising the levels of response reduction, but using lower levels of control forces.
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Acred, Andrew. "Natural ventilation in multi-storey buildings : a preliminary design approach." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/34322.
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Natural ventilation is a low-energy design strategy that has the potential both to significantly reduce energy usage in buildings and to provide a healthy and comfortable indoor environment. It has particular potential for use in tall, multi-storey buildings. However, the integration of natural ventilation into these large building designs has seen mixed success. Furthermore, there is a gap between simple 'rule-of-thumb' design guidance and detailed, computational design tools. This research attempts to bridge the gap between the simple and detailed with the broad aim of providing rapid and intuitive guidance for use in preliminary design. We use a simple mathematical approach to develop a coherent and easy-to-use framework for modelling ventilating flows, which quantifies the interactions between a core set of design variables. We focus in particular on buoyancy-driven ventilation in buildings with atria, ventilation stacks and/or similar vertical spaces that span multiple floors. Simple methods centred around hand calculations and design charts are developed to inform the sizing of vents in an 'ideal design' scenario, in which the desired ventilation flow rates and air temperatures are delivered to all occupants within a building. We define a measure of the ventilation performance of an atrium and use this to provide an indication of when an atrium is beneficial to a ventilation system design and when it is detrimental. We also use a transient flow analysis to consider 'off-design' scenarios, in which undesirable flow regimes may occur, and to place design tolerances on the building envelope. It is hoped that this work will form a point of reference for further research and for future revisions of design guidance literature.
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Johnson, Douglas Alan. "Relationships between owner/user satisfaction and the incorporation of daylighting into the retail building." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/45789.
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Contained within this report are a series of case study field observations
of selected retail design projects utilizing natural daylighting.
Followed by the investigation and laboratory testing of three alternate
roof fenestration patterns applicable to the least effective design. A
description of the investigation procedure, a tabulation of all research
findings and a section of concluding observations serve to round out this
study.</p>
<p>All of this done in an effort to prove that there exists a positive
relationship between the effective incorporation of daylighting and
owner/user satisfaction with the retail building type.</p><br>Master of Architecture
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Iqbal, Md Asif. "Seismic response and design of subassemblies for multi-storey prestressed timber buildings." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Civil and Natural Resources Engineering, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/5379.
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Timber has experienced renewed interests as a sustainable building material in recent times. Although traditionally it has been the prime choice for residential construction in New Zealand and some other parts of the world, its use can be increased significantly in the future through a wider range of applications, particularly when adopting engineered wood material, Research has been started on the development of innovative solutions for multi-storey non-residential timber buildings in recent years and this study is part of that initiative. Application of timber in commercial and office spaces posed some challenges with requirements of large column-free spaces. The current construction practice with timber is not properly suited for structures with the aforementioned required characteristics and new type of structures has to be developed for this type of applications.
Any new structural system has to have adequate capacity for carry the gravity and lateral loads due to occupancy and the environmental effects. Along with wind loading, one of the major sources of lateral loads is earthquakes. New Zealand, being located in a seismically active region, has significant risk of earthquake hazard specially in the central region of the country and any structure has be designed for the seismic loading appropriate for the locality.
There have been some significant developments in precast concrete in terms of solutions for earthquake resistant structures in the last decade. The “Hybrid” concept combining post-tensioning and energy dissipating elements with structural members has been introduced in the late 1990s by the precast concrete industry to achieve moment-resistant connections based on dry jointed ductile connections. Recent research at the University of Canterbury has shown that the concept can be adopted for timber for similar applications. Hybrid timber frames using post-tensioned beams and dissipaters have the potential to allow longer spans and smaller cross sections than other forms of solid timber frames. Buildings with post-tensioned frames and walls can have larger column-free spaces which is a particular advantage for non-residential applications.
While other researchers are focusing on whole structural systems, this research concentrated on the analysis and design of individual members and connections between members or between member and foundation. This thesis extends existing knowledge on the seismic behaviour and response of post-tensioned single walls, columns under uni-direction loads and small scale beam-column joint connections into the response and design of post-tensioned coupled walls, columns under bi-directional loading and full-scale beam-column joints, as well as to generate further insight into practical applications of the design concept for subassemblies. Extensive experimental investigation of walls, column and beam-column joints provided valuable confirmation of the satisfactory performance of these systems. In general, they all exhibited almost complete re-centering capacity and significant energy dissipation, without resulting into structural damage. The different configurations tested also demonstrated the flexibility in design and possibilities for applications in practical structures.
Based on the experimental results, numerical models were developed and refined from previous literature in precast concrete jointed ductile connections to predict the behaviour of post-tensioned timber subassemblies. The calibrated models also suggest the values of relevant parameters for applications in further analysis and design. Section analyses involving those parameters are performed to develop procedures to calculate moment capacities of the subassemblies.
The typical features and geometric configurations the different types of subassemblies are similar with the only major difference in the connection interfaces. With adoption of appropriate values representing the corresponding connection interface and incorporation of the details of geometry and configurations, moment capacities of all the subassemblies can be calculated with the same scheme. That is found to be true for both post-tensioned-only and hybrid specimens and also applied for both uni-directional and bi-directional loading. The common section analysis and moment capacity calculation procedure is applied in the general design approach for subassemblies.
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Dunbar, Andrew James McLean. "Seismic Design of Core-Wall Systems for Multi-Storey Timber Buildings." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Civil and Natural Resources Engineering, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/9047.
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This thesis discusses the results of experimental tests on two post-tensioned timber core-walls, tested under bi-directional quasi-static seismic loading. The half-scale two-storey test specimens included a stair with half-flight landings.
Multi-storey timber structures are becoming increasingly desirable for architects and building owners due to their aesthetic and environmental benefits. In addition, there is increasing public pressure to have low damage structural systems with minimal business interruption after a moderate to severe seismic event.
Timber has been used extensively for low-rise residential structures in the past, but has been utilised much less for multi-storey structures, traditionally limited to residential type building layouts which use light timber framing and include many walls to form a lateral load resisting system. This is undesirable for multi-storey commercial buildings which need large open spaces providing building owners with versatility in their desired floor plan. The use of Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT) panels for multi-storey timber buildings is gaining popularity throughout the world, especially for residential construction.
Previous experimental testing has been done on the in-plane behaviour of single and coupled post-tensioned timber walls at the University of Canterbury and elsewhere. However, there has been very little research done on the 3D behaviour of timber walls that are orthogonal to each other and no research to date into post-tensioned CLT walls.
The “high seismic option” consisted of full height post-tensioned CLT walls coupled with energy dissipating U-shaped Flexural Plates (UFPs) attached at the vertical joints between coupled wall panels and between wall panels and the steel corner columns. An alternative “low seismic option” consisted of post-tensioned CLT panels connected by screws, to provide a semi-rigid connection, allowing relative movement between the panels, producing some level of frictional energy dissipation.
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Mostafa, Amira M. "Low energy cooling in multi-storey buildings for hot, arid climates." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/76013.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1989.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaves 122-125).<br>This thesis discusses passive and low energy cooling strategies and systems in hot arid climates. The choice of a certain strategy, as well as determining the appropriate cooling schemes for such a context becomes of prime importance in developing the optimum energy conscious building design. The motivation for working in this area of research stems for the need facing architects to start developing a serious sense for energy considerations in their architectural design, especially in existing and multi-storey buildings. Here, in this research, the different factors that govern the control of heat gain through the envelope of the building will be analyzed. Also, solutions to minimize the cooling load for dwellings will be suggested/provided; by means of selecting the adequate cooling systems (evaporative, convective, and radiative) that promote the optimum desired thermal comfort. This research concludes its technical analysis with an architectural design for two schemes; The first is a cooling system that can be applied to new buildings, or retrofitted to existing ones. It uses evaporative coolers and solar chimney systems at daytime. It also uses night-time forced ventilation to cool the ordinary slab. The second can be applied in new buildings. It uses evaporative coolers and solar chimney systems at day-time. It also uses night-time forced ventilation through cored slabs. This design, and these schemes, are perceived as a starting point for further development and more research.<br>by Amira M. Mostafa.<br>M.S.
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Cheung, Wing, and 張嶸. "A review of Hong Kong approach to retail floor space calculation." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31259613.
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Ibraheem, Omar. "The feasibility of Passive Downdraught Evaporative Cooling (PDEC) of multi-storey office buildings in Cairo : a modelling study." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2018. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/55225/.
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Climatic stress on buildings in hot-dry climates has long been negotiated by means of evaporative cooling, the origins of which could be traced back to Egypt and the Middle East. However, this millennia-old strategy needs to undergo much scrutiny in its design and implementation to meet the requirements of contemporary comfort standards for offices. The task is even more onerous if multi-storey buildings are considered. Acknowledging Cairo to be one of the most densely populated cities in the world and in light of the growing demand on high quality office space in recent years, it is anticipated that extending the application of evaporative cooling to medium and high-rise office buildings is imperative if this strategy is to be widely adopted as an alternative to conventional air-conditioning in Cairo given that existing research and applications are limited to low-rise buildings. This work proposes a four-stage plan to achieve that. The first stage entails the development of a generic prototype of the Passive Downdraught Evaporatively Cooled (PDEC) multi-storey office building that allows three distinct airflow patterns and two modes of operation to take place. The second stage makes use of analytic models for the initial sizing of the airflow components. The third stage assesses the performance of a base case model of the generic PDEC building in terms of bulk airflow rates, airflow distribution across the floors, internal thermal conditions, and relevant environmental costs using EnergyPlus, the whole building dynamic thermal simulation program with integrated airflow network modelling. The fourth and final stage is that of optimisation wherein the effects of varying a number of parameters on performance are established. The study shows that in comparison to free-running naturally-ventilated buildings, and depending on the thermal comfort model adopted, PDEC can potentially deliver comfort conditions for all occupied hours of the cooling season in Cairo. Buoyancy 'stack' forces alone generated by temperature differences can drive sufficient airflow rates without wind assistance, a scenario that is likely to occur in dense urban contexts. The study demonstrates the effectiveness' of dividing multi-storey buildings into isolated segments in terms of airflow (segmentation) and the benefits of extending PDEC operation beyond occupied hours. Changes in wind direction and speed were also considered and have shown to be of less significance if air inlets and outlets are properly located. Fine tuning of the building management system and adopting a more relaxed overheating criterion are key factors in limiting the increase in daily water consumption due to PDEC in light of the diminishing availability of sustainable water resources in the region. This study is the first to provide an understanding of how multi-storey office buildings in hot-dry climates can be designed and operated to incorporate PDEC as a viable alternative to AC. The novelty here lies not in the methodology which uses available models, but in the detailed investigation of flow rates, flow patterns, indoor temperatures, and water consumption.
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Newcombe, Michael Paul. "Seismic Design of Post-Tensioned Timber Frame and Wall Buildings." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Department of Civil and Natural Resources Engineering, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/6399.
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Currently there is a worldwide renaissance in timber building design. At the University of Canterbury, new structural systems for commercial multistorey timber buildings have been under development since 2005. These systems incorporate large timber sections connected by high strength post-tensioning tendons, and timber-concrete composite floor systems, and aim to compete with existing structural systems in terms of cost, constructability, operational and seismic performance.
The development of post-tensioned timber systems has created a need for improved lateral force design approaches for timber buildings. Current code provisions for seismic design are based on the strength of the structure, and do not adequately account for its deformation. Because timber buildings are often governed by deflection, rather than strength, this can lead to the exceedence of design displacement limitations imposed by New Zealand codes. Therefore, accurate modeling approaches which define both the strength and deformation of post-tensioned timber buildings are required. Furthermore, experimental testing is required to verify the accuracy of these models.
This thesis focuses on the development and experimental verification of modeling approaches for the lateral force design of post-tensioned timber frame and wall buildings.
The experimentation consisted of uni-direcitonal and bi-directional quasi-static earthquake simulation on a two-thirds scale, two-storey post-tensioned timber frame and wall building with timber-concrete composite floors. The building was subjected to lateral drifts of up to 3% and demonstrated excellent seismic performance, exhibiting little damage. The building was instrumented and analyzed, providing data for the calibration of analytical and numerical models.
Analytical and numerical models were developed for frame, wall and floor systems that account for significant deformation components. The models predicted the strength of the structural systems for a given design performance level. The static responses predicted by the models were compared with both experimental data and finite element models to evaluate their accuracy.
The frame, wall and floor models were then incorporated into an existing lateral force design procedure known as displacement-based design and used to design several frame and wall structural systems. Predictions of key engineering demand parameters, such as displacement, drift, interstorey shear, interstorey moment and floor accelerations, were compared with the results of dynamic time-history analysis.
It was concluded that the numerical and analytical models, presented in this thesis, are a sound basis for determining the lateral response of post-tensioned timber buildings. However, future research is required to further verify and improve these prediction models.
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AMORIM, BRUNO RODRIGUES. "STUDY OF SPATIAL STEEL AND COMPOSITE TRUSSES FOR GIRDERS OF LARGE SINGLE-STOREY BUILDING." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2018. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=36901@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO<br>COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR<br>PROGRAMA DE EXCELENCIA ACADEMICA<br>Os sistemas de cobertura constituem uma parcela considerável dos custos finais de galpões de grandes dimensões. Os carregamentos desse sistema são transferidos para os pilares a partir dos vigamentos principais. Dúvidas sobre qual é a melhor solução para o dimensionamento do vigamento principal podem surgir devido aos grandes vãos que essas estruturas devem cumprir. Esta dissertação apresenta um estudo das configurações estruturais e uso de diferentes materiais para o projeto, fabricação e montagem de coberturas de galpões de grandes dimensões. Foram desenvolvidos diversos projetos de uma estrutura modelo onde se variou o tipo de perfil das cordas, o comprimento dos vãos, a geometria da seção transversal da treliça e a inclinação das diagonais. A partir dos resultados obtidos, realizou-se uma análise paramétrica buscando-se a solução que apresenta o menor peso estrutural dos vigamentos principais. A grande vantagem da utilização de treliças multiplanares é o bom comportamento fora do plano que esse tipo de estrutura oferece, podendo reduzir custos com travamentos e elementos secundários. Também foi realizado um estudo determinístico para dar apoio às decisões na escolha da melhor solução para os diversos tipos de galpões de grandes dimensões estudados. Os resultados preliminares obtidos indicam que a solução de cordas tubulares mistas, em partes selecionadas da estrutura, representa uma das soluções mais competitivas para este tipo de estrutura.<br>Roofing systems constitute a considerable part of the final costs of large single-storey buildings. The loads of this system are transferred to the columns from the girders. During the design process may be raised the question of what may be the best solutions for the roof supporting girders, mainly due to the large spans required. This dissertation presents a study of the structural configurations and the use of different materials for the design, manufacture and assembly of roofs of large single-storey buildings. Several designs of a model structure were developed where the type of profile of the main chords, the length of the spans, the geometry of the cross-section of the truss and the angulation of diagonals were varied. Based on the obtained results, a parametric analysis was performed focused on solutions presenting the lower structural weight of the girders. The great advantage of using multiplanar trusses is the good behavior out of plane that this type of structure offers, which can reduce costs with bracing and secondary elements. A deterministic study was also carried out in order to support decisions in choosing the best solution for the various types of large single-storey buildings studied. The preliminary results obtained indicate that the solution of concrete filled steel tubular chords in selected parts of the structure represents one of the most competitive solutions for this type of construction.
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Goertz, Caleb. "Energy based seismic design of a multi-storey hybrid building : timber-steel core walls." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/57669.
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This thesis discusses a novel timber-steel core wall system for use in multi-storey buildings in high seismic regions. This hybrid system combines Cross Laminated Timber (CLT) panels with steel plates and connections to provide the required strength and ductility to core walled buildings. The system is first derived from first principles and validated in SAP2000. In order to assess the feasibility of the system it is implemented in the design of a 7-storey building based off an already built concrete benchmark building. The design is carried out following the equivalent static force procedure (ESFP) outlined by the National Building Code of Canada for Vancouver, BC. To evaluate the design bi-directional nonlinear time history analysis (NLTHA) is carried out on the building using a set of 10 ground motions based on a conditional mean spectrum. To improve the applicability of the hybrid system an energy based design methodology is proposed to design the timber-core walled building. The methodology is proposed as it does not rely on empirical formulas and force modification factors to determine the final design of the structure. NLTHA is carried out on the proposed methodology using 10 ground motions to evaluate the suitability of the method and the results are discussed and compared to the ESFP results.<br>Applied Science, Faculty of<br>Engineering, School of (Okanagan)<br>Graduate
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Hareer, Rahila Wardak. "Seismic response of building façade system with energy absorbing connections." Queensland University of Technology, 2007. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16537/.
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Facades are popular in modern buildings and are made of different materials such as pre-cast concrete, glass, aluminium, granite or marble and steel. During recent times seismic activity in densely populated areas has resulted in damage and a consequent loss of life. There were many types of building failure, including failure of building facade systems. Facade systems are highly vulnerable and fail more frequently than the buildings themselves with significant devastating effects. During an earthquake building frames suffer large interstorey drifts, causing racking of the building facade systems. The facade systems may not be able to cater for such large deformations and this can result in either functional or total failure at the facade connections or damage by pounding (impact) with adjacent facade panels. Façade failure and collapse can cause serious damage to buildings and injury to people in the vicinity. Moreover, facade represent between 10- 20 % or more of the total building cost depending on the size and importance of the facility and facade material (Facades1980). Considering the cost and safety issues, the importance of a well designed facade system on a building needs to be emphasised. In modern buildings, energy absorbing passive damping devices are very commonly used for energy absorption in order to manage the vibration response of multistorey buildings in an earthquake event. A number of manufactured dampers such as Viscoelastic and viscous, friction and yielding dampers are available. These dampers use a range of materials and designs in order to achieve diverse levels of damping and stiffness. This thesis is an investigation of the seismic behaviour of building facade systems and studies the effects of facade and connection properties on this response. The objectives with energy absorbing connections of the study are to determine and control facade distortions and to establish the required connection properties. Finite Element techniques have been used for modelling and analysis of the building frame, facade and connections. Time history analyses under earthquake loadings were carried out to determine the system response in terms of inter-storey drifts, facade distortions, differential displacement between facades and frames and the axial force in horizontal connections. Connection properties with respect to stiffness and energy absorption capability (or damping) have been modelled and varied to obtain the desired response. Findings illustrate the influence of these connection properties on system response and show that it is possible to control facade distortions to within acceptable limits. They also demonstrate that energy absorbing connections are able to reduce inter-storey drifts and mitigate the detrimental seismic effects on the entire building facade system.
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Smith, Tobias James. "Feasibility of Multi Storey Post-Tensioned Timber Buildings: Detailing, Cost and Construction." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Civil and Natural Resources Engineering, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/2587.
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This thesis describes a feasibility study into the use of a new method of timber construction developed in New Zealand. This new method combines the use of an engineered wood product (Laminated Veneer Lumber) and post-tensioned ductile connections. Three case study buildings are presented in concrete, steel and timber all representing current design and construction practice. A fourth building, referred to as the “timber plus” structure, is also considered with the addition of timber architectural components.
The case study timber building consists of two lateral resisting systems. In one direction post-tensioned LVL moment resisting frames are used, with post-tensioned cantilever walls in the orthogonal direction. Timber-concrete composite floor units are also used.
The method of design and detailing of the timber building is shown with member sizes being found to be comparable to that of the concrete structure. Sub-assembly testing is performed on some key connections with excellent results. Construction time is evaluated and compared to the concrete structure with similar construction times being achieved. Finally the costs of the case study buildings are calculated and compared. The costing found the four options to be similar in price with the Timber and Timber plus buildings showing only a 6% and 11% increase in total cost respectively.
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Nichol, Eric Andrew. "Experimental behaviour of inelastic mass-asymetric multi-storey buildings under seismic loading." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1999. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1318017/.
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Buildings with non coincident centres of mass and stiffness respond in both translation and rotation during seismic ground excitations. This translational and rotational interaction (torsional coupling) can lead to excessive forces in some structural members. This could possibly lead to structural failure if the building is not properly designed to accommodate this response interaction. Previous elastic analytical studies have determined the structural parameters that govern the degree of torsional coupling. However, the parameters found influencing torsional coupling during inelastic response in previous analytical studies have been found to be both more numerous and contradictory than those associated with the elastic response. This study concentrates on the inelastic behaviour of a series of four storey models representing idealized buildings. These building models have been developed from a previous experimental study on the elastic behaviour of torsional coupling. In this inelastic study, hinge units have been designed and used to simulate the yielding of the column or beam members in the experimental model, while maintaining ease of repeatability between tests. The yielding moment in these hinge units can be adjusted to alter the effective strength of the columns or beams in the model. This, along with the ability to vary the floor mass distribution, column sizes (diameter and length), and stiffness distribution allows for a degree of control on the structural parameters deemed important in previous inelastic analytical studies. Results are presented which illustrate the effects that the various structural configurations have on the different measures of inelastic building response, and its vulnerability to damage. These include changes in the building frequencies, member displacement ductilities and vulnerability, hysteretic energy dissipation, and peak structural responses. The study presents a comprehensive investigation of the column-yielding building models. Additionally, select key cases of the column yielding configurations are compared to both the beam-yielding models, and a computational model.
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Lynch, Paul Michael. "Aspects of the fluid mechanics of night-purging multi-storey atrium buildings." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/39134.
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This research concerns the mathematical and physical modelling of the buoyancy-driven flow of warm air at night from a multi-storey atrium building by displacement ventilation. The process of clearing warm air from a building at night is known as 'night-purging'. The primary aim of this research was to enhance understanding of these flows to thereby facilitate efficient design of passively night-purged buildings. The thesis begins with a review of research on natural ventilation and night-purging. Particular focus is given to the conditions for achieving classical displacement flow, in which there is an absence of mixing between warm and cool air, as this has been shown to be the most efficient means of removing warm air from a space. We identify that the dynamics of the plumes of warm air discharged from the storeys into the atrium play a crucial role in the development of the thermal stratification in the atrium. The majority of research on turbulent plumes has concerned plumes from horizontal sources, while ventilation openings are often oriented at some angle off-horizontal. We therefore investigate how varying the angle of orientation of the plume source (or ventilation opening) affects the dynamics of the plume to determine the implications for buildings ventilated via wall-mounted windows. This modelling reveals that, for a significant proportion of a typical night-purge in a single storey, a plume from a vertically oriented opening will not project away from the opening. Thus the simple plume model we have developed will not apply during the late stages of a night-purge. In order to develop a model of plumes which do not project away from the source, we investigate the limiting case of a plume from a vertically distributed source (such as a vent) with zero source momentum flux, such that the motion is entirely parallel to the source. To investigate the overall flow in the building, guided by the results of the plume modelling, we develop a simplified mathematical model to predict the purging of warm air in a generic two-storey atrium building. The pre-dictions of the model enable the classification of night-purging behaviours into three distinct classes of flow, based on the chronology of a number of key events in the progression of a night-purge. Interrogation of the predictions suggests that two transitional behaviours which fall between the three classes of flow provide 'optimal' purging behaviour: one for purging just the storeys in a minimum time and the other for purging the entire building in a minimum time. Adaptation of the mathematical model facilitates the development of design curves for building designers to appropriately size ventilation openings in order to achieve the optimal night-purges. Complementary physical modelling in water-filled visualisation tanks enabled testing of the mathematical model predictions and optimal nightpurging behaviours. Whilst demonstrating the suitability of a simplified mathematical approach to predicting what are complex patterns of airflow, the physical modelling highlighted the complexity of the developing stratification in the atrium and raises a number of new questions for future research.
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Zaghloul, Hassan Mohamed. "Torsional response of multi-storey buildings using 3-D inelastic dynamic analysis." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28129.
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This thesis investigates the static code provisions as they pertain to torsion of the 1985 edition of the National Building Code Of Canada (NBCC 85) for eccentric multistory buildings.
This is done by calculating the displacements and ductility demand of several practical five storey eccentric buildings designed according to the 1985 code, and comparing the response to similar non eccentric buildings.
The analysis is carried out using a modified version of the computer program PITSA, which carries out a pseudo elastic dynamic analysis to model the inelastic response. A modification to the program, developed in this thesis, accounts for the effect of gravity forces on the ductility demand.
A number of parameters are considered, namely the type of eccentricity, the aspect ratio, the gravity loads, gravity load distribution, and the initial eccentricity ratio. The effect of the design on each parameter is investigated. The following factors are seen to largely affect the reponse, but are not recognized in the code:
1. The static eccentricity specified in the code is not stated whether it is a result of an eccentric center of mass (CM) or an eccentric center of rigidity (CR) building. This study shows that the behavior of the CR buildings are different from CM buildings in that the bigger frames are more damaged in CR buildings but the smaller frames are more damaged in the CM buildings.
2. Gravity loads have a potentially large impact on the response. For beams carrying no gravity loads, the ductility demand in the upper floors is about 15, while ifthe gravity loads are considered to be eccentrically distributed, the ductility demand ranges from 2 to 5 with the bigger frames underdesigned and smaller frames overdesigned. When gravity loads are uniformly distributed, the code provisions are about right.
3. The ±50% increase in the nominal torsion specified in the code can be changed without a significant change in the ductility demand of the longitudinal frames as the torsional moments are essentially carried by the transverse frames.
4. The increase in the building dimension in the direction parallel to the earthquake results in an increase in the dynamic amplification, and the torsional provisions can generally be said to cover the highest possible dynamic amplification, as the design is generally acceptable for these buildings. The result of that is an overdesign in buildings with small aspect ratios, or alternatively, small dynamic amplification.
5. The torsional provisions tend to overdesign the bigger frames in CM buildings and overdesign the smaller frames in CR buildings for large eccentricity ratios.
Other findings pertinent to this study show the following:
1. The code-specified period used in the calculation of the design base shear is a conservative estimate. This period should be established using the structural properties and deformation characteristics of the resisting elements in a properly substantiated analysis.
2. The Modified Substitute Structure Method can now model a building with earthquake as well as static loads.
3. PITS A is a reliable tool in the evaluation of the damage in a three-dimensional frame buildings. 4. The torsional moments are essentially carried by the transverse frames, and the longitudinal frames resist lateral loads for an earthquake applied in the longitudinal direction.<br>Applied Science, Faculty of<br>Civil Engineering, Department of<br>Graduate
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Bernhard, Jayne M. "Stores as Schools: An Adaptive Reuse Alternative For Communities Dealing With Underutilized Commercial Space and Overcrowded Schools." Connect to this title, 2008. http://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/144/.
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Aguiari, Sabrina <1970>. "Building Peace and/or Gender Equality. Changing Attitudes around Peace, Development and Security in International Cooperation in Rwanda." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6674/.
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The times following international or civil conflicts but also violent revolutions often come with unequal share of the peace dividend for men and women. Delusions for women who gained freedom of movement and of roles during conflict but had to step back during reconstruction and peace have been recorded in all regions of the world. The emergence of peacebuilding as a modality for the international community to ensure peace and security has slowly incorporated gender sensitivity at the level of legal and policy instruments. Focusing on Rwanda, a country that has obtained significant gender advancement in the years after the genocide while also obtaining to not relapse into conflict, this research explores to what extent the international community has contributed to this transformation. From a review of evaluations, findings are that many of the interventions did not purse gender equality, and overall the majority understood gender and designed actions is a quite superficial way which would hardly account for the significative advancement in combating gender discrimination that the Government, for its inner political will, is conducting. Then, after a critique from a feminist standpoint to the concept of human security, departing from the assumption (sustained by the Governemnt of Rwanda as well) that domestic violence is a variable influencing level of security relevant at the national level, a review of available secondary data on GBV is conducted an trends over the years analysed. The emerging trends signal a steep increase in prevalence of GBV and in domestic violence in particular. Although no conclusive interpretation can be formulated on these data, there are elements suggesting the increase might be due to augmented reporting. The research concludes outlining possible further research pathways to better understand the link in Rwanda between the changing gender norms and the GBV.
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De, Benedictis Maria Paola. "Historic Building Information Modelling: il caso della Rocca di San Felice sul Panaro." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016.
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Il Building Information Modelling nasce da un processo di integrazione sostenibile, basato sull'interoperabilità dei processi. La caratteristica vincente è la circolarietà delle informazioni: ogni informazione è gestita come parametro di un ricco e complesso modello parametrico dell'edificio; la geometria, i materiali, i costi ed i tempi sono gestiti come parametri internamente collegati e quindi variabili di uno stesso sistema. Nel caso di beni storici, la maggior parte degli edifici possiede vincoli intrinseci che influenzano tali parametri. I materiali non possono essere scelti liberamente, in quanto parte di un organismo esistente, la geometria dell'edificio è definita e difficilmente sarà variata negli interventi di recupero. Nella presente tesi si applica il metodo CLOUD2FEM al mondo dell'Historic Building Information Modelling (HBIM) concentrandosi sullo studio della Rocca Estense di San Felice sul Panaro, colpita dal sisma dell'Emilia e attualmente inagibile. La procedura CLOUD2FEM permette di trasformare le informazioni ricavate dal laser scanner in mesh chiuse e regolari, generando in modo semi-automatico un modello FEM 3D. Nel caso di costruzioni complesse, la cui geometria non può essere ricondotta a modelli semplificati, è necessario valutare l'attendibilità del modello strutturale. Nel caso in esame, la validazione è stata condotta mediante il confronto del danno rilevato con il danno simulato. La flessibilità del modello permette di aggiungere dettagli inizialmente non rilevati: ogni informazione è inserita nel modello attraverso un parametro differente, al fine di eseguire analisi sullo stato di fatto e su futuri stati di progetto con semplice aggiornamento dei parametri.
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Alqarni, Ali. "Influence of Concrete Floors on Buildings Near Fault Regions." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1608378695834876.
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