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Journal articles on the topic 'Building ventilation'
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1
Du, Zhaoming, Weihong Guo, Weicong Li, and Xuyi Gao. "A Study on the Optimization of Wind Environment of Existing Villa Buildings in Lingnan Area: A Case Study of Jiangmen’s “Yunshan Poetic” Moon Island Houses." Buildings 12, no. 9 (August 25, 2022): 1304. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12091304.
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Effective natural ventilation reduces humidity, cools the space, and enhances thermal comfort. In light of the frequent ventilation issues in the Lingnan area, this research suggests a successful ventilation technique using Jiangmen’s “Yunshan Poetic” Moon Island houses as an example. With its symmetrical architectural layout of townhouses and its primary courtyard villa product, the community typifies the Lingnan area. First off, we discovered that the district’s average temperature is as high as 30.95 °C and its average humidity is as high as 83.592%RH using actual measurements and simulation of heat and humidity data. The district’s buildings’ issues with dampness, peeling walls, and substance mold are primarily caused by poor ventilation. Secondly, the PHOENICS program was used to provide efficient ventilation solutions for the following six aspects: external wind infusion organization, group orientation layout, planar grouping optimization, building façade combination, monolithic building openings, and indoor ventilation block. In order to determine if the technique is effective, the ventilation variables are compared before and after optimization using the Building Ventilation Effectiveness Test and Evaluation Criteria. The study concluded that the building’s architectural characteristics and the local climate have an impact on natural ventilation’s effectiveness. This serves as a guide for both the scientific layout development of future urban settlements and the optimization of ventilation of existing villa buildings in humid and hot areas.
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Rieser, Alexander, Rainer Pfluger, Alexandra Troi, Daniel Herrera-Avellanosa, Kirsten Engelund Thomsen, Jørgen Rose, Zeynep Durmuş Arsan, et al. "Integration of Energy-Efficient Ventilation Systems in Historic Buildings—Review and Proposal of a Systematic Intervention Approach." Sustainability 13, no. 4 (February 20, 2021): 2325. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13042325.
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Historic building restoration and renovation requires sensitivity to the cultural heritage, historic value, and sustainability (i.e., building physics, energy efficiency, and comfort) goals of the project. Energy-efficient ventilation such as demand-controlled ventilation and heat recovery ventilation can contribute to the aforementioned goals, if ventilation concepts and airflow distribution are planned and realized in a minimally invasive way. Compared to new buildings, the building physics of historic buildings are more complicated in terms of hygrothermal performance. In particular, if internal insulation is applied, dehumidification is needed for robust and risk-free future use, while maintaining the building’s cultural value. As each ventilation system has to be chosen and adapted individually to the specific building, the selection of the appropriate system type is not an easy task. For this reason, there is a need for a scientifically valid, systematic approach to pair appropriate ventilation system and airflow distribution solutions with historical buildings. This paper provides an overview of the interrelationships between heritage conservation and the need for ventilation in energy-efficient buildings, regarding building physics and indoor environmental quality. Furthermore, a systematic approach based on assessment criteria in terms of heritage significance of the building, building physics (hygrothermal performance), and building services (energy efficiency, indoor air quality, and comfort rating) according to the standard EN 16883:2017 are applied.
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Passard, Joëlle. "Building ventilation." Batiment International, Building Research and Practice 18, no. 1 (January 1990): 24–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01823329008727009.
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Girma, G., and F. Tariku. "Preliminary Experimental Assessment of Building Envelope Integrated Ventilative Cooling design." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2069, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2069/1/012124.
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Abstract To minimize energy consumption, high-performance buildings are being built with highly insulated and airtight building envelopes, high-performance glazing and efficient mechanical systems. But it has been observed that these buildings are prone to an overheating problem during the summertime. Literature suggests a ventilative cooling method, which is the use of natural ventilation for space cooling, as an ideal system for energy saving and overheating prevention. In this study, the behaviour of a building envelope integrated ventilative cooling (EV wall) design is experimentally studied to assess its cooling potential and ventilation capacity. The EV wall design has an opening at the bottom of the wall that allows ventilative air exchange between the indoor and the outdoor through the cavity behind the cladding. The suction pressure created by the buoyancy effect in the wall cavity drives the ventilation air. The experimental assessment has shown that there are two distinct night-time and day-time flows driven by indoor/outdoor temperature difference and solar radiation respectively. This preliminary study indicated the huge potential of ventilative cooling design and ways to further enhance the EV wall performance. For future studies, the EV wall will be considered by implementing an opening control system in a naturally ventilated building.
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Eydner, Matthias, Bamo Toufek, Tobias Henzler, and Konstantinos Stergiaropoulos. "Investigation of a multizone building with HVAC system using a coupled thermal and airflow model." E3S Web of Conferences 111 (2019): 04040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911104040.
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In building energy simulations, the air infiltration and interzonal airflow are generally either not considered or calculated oversimplified. However, the effects of air infiltration and building airflow have an impact on the thermal comfort and the building’s energy load. The various zones in multi-zone buildings, the operation of windows, doors and mechanical ventilation make the system’s analysis complex and challenging. Building airflow affects pressure, temperature and moisture differences. Therefore, this study investigate the airflow inside a multizone building with changing user behavior, using a coupled building and system energy simulation. A decentralized air-only HVAC system provides the ventilation system with a control strategy, which variably adapts the airflow to the load in the individual zones. The effects of the air infiltration, interzonal airflow and mechanical ventilation in the building are investigated with a node and link network in TRNSYS using the airflow model TRNFLOW (COMIS). Investigating different variations of the ventilation rates and building’s airtightnesses, the results are shown by comparison with a reference model without airflow simulation. Finally, this study shows a comprehensive approach at low computational costs, determining the air quality, the thermal conditions and the airflow in a multizone building using an HVAC system.
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Liu, Wei, Zhen Yu, Jianlin Wu, Huai Li, Caifeng Gao, and Hongwei Gong. "Influence of Building Air Tightness on Energy Consumption of Ventilation System in Nearly Zero Energy Residential Buildings." E3S Web of Conferences 111 (2019): 03074. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911103074.
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Building air tightness increased quickly in recent years as nearly zero energy buildings concept gradually drawn more attentions from the industry. Ventilation system plays an important role for the indoor air quality control in residential buildings with good air tightness. The energy consumption of the ventilation system is a significant part of the overall energy consumption of low energy residential building. The influence of the building air tightness on the energy consumption of ventilation system was not addressed sufficiently in previous studies. This paper analyses the quantitative relations between building air tightness, energy recovery efficiency and ventilation system control strategy. A mathematical model of the heating and cooling energy consumption in residential buildings is proposed, which takes building air tightness, energy recovery efficiency and control strategy of ventilation system as major input parameters. Equivalent COP of ventilation energy recovery system is proposed as an energy efficiency index of the ventilation system. It can be used as a criterion to decide the optimal design parameters of nearly zero residential buildings in different climate conditions.
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Huifen, Zou, Yang Fuhua, and Zhang Qian. "Research on the Impact of Wind Angles on the Residential Building Energy Consumption." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/794650.
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Wind angles affect building’s natural ventilation and also energy consumption of the building. In winter, the wind direction in the outdoor environment will affect heat loss of the building, while in summer the change of wind direction and speed in the outdoor environment will affect the building’s ventilation and indoor air circulation. So, making a good deal with the issue of the angle between local buildings and the dominant wind direction can effectively solve the winter and summer ventilation problems. Thereby, it can enhance the comfort of residential person, improve indoor air quality, solve heat gain and heat loss problems in winter and summer in the severely cold and cold regions, and reduce building energy consumption. The simulation software CFD and energy simulation software are used in the paper. South direction of the building is the prototype of the simulation. The angle between the direction of the building and the outdoor environment wind is changed sequentially. Energy consumption under different wind angle conditions is compared with each other. Combined with natural ventilation under various wind angles, the paper gives the best recommended solution of building direction in Shenyang.
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Kostuganov, Arman, Yuri Vytchikov, and Andrey Prilepskiy. "Self-contained ventilation system of civil buildings built into window structures." MATEC Web of Conferences 196 (2018): 02007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819602007.
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The article describes development and application of self-contained ventilation systems in civil buildings. It suggests several models of air exchange within the building, compares these models and points out the variant of ventilating with self-contained mechanical systems with utilization of heat. The researchers conclude that structurally self-contained systems of mechanical ventilation with utilization of heat are most efficiently built into window constructions. This installation variant makes it possible to keep the interior, avoid building construction strengthening, shorten time and labor input of construction-assembling works, allow rational use of the vertical building envelopes area without extra space using. The paper key issue is the development of constructive solutions of self-contained ventilation systems main elements to ensure the possibility of their use in window structures. This research stage was developed with account of previous results of field tests and of such ventilation systems theoretical descriptions. The authors assess limit dimensions of the systems suitable for installment into window constructions of civil buildings in the view of modern Russian requirements to thermal protection. The research suggests a general constructive solution of such a ventilation system and a heat exchanger model which can be used as an air heat utilizer in these systems.
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Da Borso, Francesco, Alessandro Chiumenti, Marco Mezzadri, and Francesco Teri. "Noxious gases in rabbit housing systems: effects of cross and longitudinal ventilation." Journal of Agricultural Engineering 47, no. 4 (December 15, 2016): 222. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/jae.2016.572.
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Animal welfare is a matter of increasing interest due to ethical and economical worries regarding animal rights and the sustainability of meat production. Ammonia, carbon dioxide, and methane can be produced in the livestock buildings and, if not adequately controlled by ventilation, can be dangerous for animals and farmers. The aim of the present paper is to study the effects of different ventilation systems in rabbit buildings based on the temporal patterns and the spatial distribution of these noxious gases. The experimental measurements were conducted in two rabbit farms with genetically homogeneous animals subjected to the same diet. Two buildings with different forced ventilation layouts (cross ventilation - building A and longitudinal ventilation - building B) were subjected to the monitoring of indoor environmental conditions (temperature, relative humidity, ammonia, carbon dioxide, methane) over a whole year. In both the buildings, ventilation was adjusted automatically by means of electronic control units, which were controlled by temperature sensors, located at the centre of the buildings. Gas concentrations inside the buildings followed clearly defined sinusoidal patterns on a daily basis with the highest values reached in winter during the morning hours for ammonia and during the night hours for carbon dioxide and methane. In particular, ammonia revealed a maximum concentration of 30.7 mg m–3 in building A (cross ventilation) and 12.9 mg m–3 in building B (longitudinal ventilation), whereas the minimum values were 6.0 and 4.2 mg m–3, in building A and B, respectively. As a consequence, daily mean concentrations of noxious gases, solely could not be considered representative of the actual conditions of air quality in the buildings. The airflow direction clearly influenced the spatial concentration of ammonia, which showed different patterns in the two buildings. In building A, the highest ammonia concentration was in a diffuse central area, whereas in building B, it was determined to be less extended and located in the proximity of the wall equipped with extraction fans. The results of this study provide important indications for the planning and management of housing systems for rabbits including: the correct positioning of gas sensors for regulating ventilation systems must be central in case of cross ventilation, but close to the suction fans in case of longitudinal ventilation; the cross ventilation can lead to ammonia concentration higher than longitudinal ventilation, which is caused by the close and prolonged contact of airflow with manure surface in the channels; fans for longitudinal ventilation must be positioned in the same side of the building where scrapers discharge manure; furthermore, manure scraping has to be performed daily in winter during the hours of the day when ventilation rate is at its maximum.
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Mikola, Alo, Raimo Simson, and Jarek Kurnitski. "The Impact of Air Pressure Conditions on the Performance of Single Room Ventilation Units in Multi-Story Buildings." Energies 12, no. 13 (July 9, 2019): 2633. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12132633.
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Single room ventilation units with heat recovery is one of the ventilation solutions that have been used in renovated residential buildings in Estonia. In multi-story buildings, especially in a cold climate, the performance of units is affected by the stack effect and wind-induced pressure differences between the indoor and the outdoor air. Renovation of the building envelope improves air tightness and the impact of the pressure conditions is amplified. The aim of this study was to predict the air pressure conditions in typical renovated multi-story apartment buildings and to analyze the performance of room-based ventilation units. The field measurements of air pressure differences in a renovated 5-story apartment building during the winter season were conducted and the results were used to simulate whole-year pressure conditions with IDA-ICE software. Performance of two types of single room ventilation units were measured in the laboratory and their suitability as ventilation renovation solutions was assessed with simulations. The results show that one unit stopped its operation as a heat recovery ventilator. In order to ensure satisfactory indoor climate and heat recovery using wall mounted units the pressure difference values were determined and proposed for correct design.
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Ferrucci, Margherita, and Maurizio Brocato. "Parametric analysis of the wind-driven ventilation potential of buildings with rectangular layout." Building Services Engineering Research and Technology 40, no. 1 (September 24, 2018): 109–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143624418803065.
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A method to evaluate the wind-driven ventilation potential of buildings is proposed and some schematic examples are given. Two indicators of such potential are put forward: the first concerning the pressure difference between spots (openings) on the facades and the second concerning the ratio between this pressure difference and a simplified measure of the pressure loss by the internal air flow. These indicators allow one to compare shapes and orientations and can help finding the most appropriate ones during a preliminary stage of the design of a naturally ventilated building. To present the proposal, a two-dimensional computational fluid dynamics parametric model of a schematic building is set, the parameters of which are the aspect ratio of the building's rectangular plan and the wind relative direction. The computational fluid dynamics simulations are supported by literature benchmarks and by qualitative experiments in a wind tunnel. Using this model, the pressure field is computed for 66 cases and their ventilation potentials are evaluated; some graphic outputs are then proposed for a preliminary understanding of the pressure field and of the resulting indicators. The optimal morphology given by such analyses is finally compared to that of some naturally ventilated existing buildings, including Iranian badgir towers. Practical application: This paper provides graphs to predict a building's potential for natural ventilation thereby enabling a designer to determine the wind-driven ventilation in a building and evaluate the structure, optimise its orientation, its aspect ratio and opening positions. These can be used, for example, in the evaluation of naturally ventilated multi-storey rectangular plan buildings (that might employ hyper-ventilation or night cooling) or to evaluate possible passive ventilation strategies for existing buildings. With the support of these graphs, which can be used as computationally inexpensive and fast decision tools, it is possible to simulate configurations, considering the parameters that most influence natural ventilation.
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Gaczoł, Tomasz. "BUILDING VENTILATION ACROSS HISTORY – EXAMPLES." Space&FORM 2022, no. 49 (January 30, 2022): 211–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.21005/pif.2022.49.e-02.
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Various cases from history indicate that the chimney is an important architectural detail in a building. Its shape, size and place where it rises above the roof affect the outline of a building and can even testify to the wealth of the family that inhabits it, as was the case in Portugal, among others. However, a chimney sometimes transforms from an architectural detail into a dominant element, which is not beneficial to the building’s overall massing. At present, ventilation is not only based on the design of ventilation ducts, but also on a comprehensive approach to design that affects the shaping of a building’s massing.
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Ferdyn-Grygierek, Joanna, Andrzej Baranowski, Monika Blaszczok, and Jan Kaczmarczyk. "Thermal Diagnostics of Natural Ventilation in Buildings: An Integrated Approach." Energies 12, no. 23 (November 29, 2019): 4556. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12234556.
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Diagnostics of natural ventilation in buildings is problematic, as the airflow rate changes considerably over time. One constant average airflow is usually assumed when calculating energy demand for a building, however, such a simplification could be fraught with considerable error. The paper describes a comprehensive methodology for the diagnostics of a natural ventilation system in a building and its practical application. Based on in situ measurements and simulations in two existing buildings (dwelling house and school) in Poland, the real values of the ventilating airflows were analyzed and resulting heat demand was compared with the design values. The pros and cons of various methods for evaluation of natural ventilation are discussed. The real airflow was determined by measurements in a ventilation grille or by a tracer gas concentration decay method. The airtightness of the buildings’ envelope was evaluated based on the fan pressurization test. The last stage entailed computer simulations of air exchange in buildings using CONTAM software. The multizone models of the buildings were calibrated and verified with existing measured data. Measured airflow in a multifamily house was small and substantially deviated from the Polish standard. In case of a school, the air flow rate amounted to an average of 10% of the required value. Calculation of the heat demand for ventilation based on the standard value of the airflow led to a considerable overestimation of this value in relation to the real consumption. In the analyzed cases, the difference was 40% for the school and 30% for the residential building.
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Xiaoxu, Li, Huang Kailiang, Feng Guohui, Jing Danyang, Liu Dan, and Li Jiawei. "Analysis on night ventilation effect of buildings with different energy consumption levels in Shenyang." E3S Web of Conferences 356 (2022): 01066. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202235601066.
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In this paper, the effects of night natural ventilation on indoor thermal environment of ultra-low energy consumption in a university in Shenyang were evaluated. The DeST software was used to establish the ultra-low energy consumption building model and the conventional building model, and the accuracy of the model is also verified experimentally. The indoor temperature, building power consumption of air conditioning system of the two models were calculated under the natural ventilation condition at night. The results show that under the optimal night natural ventilation conditions in July and August, the energy saving rate of ultra-low energy building refrigeration system is 15% and 46% respectively. The energy saving rate of conventional building refrigeration system is 14% and 44% respectively. The peak indoor temperature of the two types of buildings decreases with the increase of natural ventilation time at night. Both ultra-low energy consumption buildings and conventional energy consumption buildings adopt natural ventilation at night to help reduce indoor temperature, building power consumption of cooling system.
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Stamatellou, Antiopi-Malvina, Olympia Zogou, and Anastassios Stamatelos. "Energy Cost Assessment and Optimization of Post-COVID-19 Building Ventilation Strategies." Sustainability 15, no. 4 (February 13, 2023): 3422. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15043422.
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The advent of the COVID-19 pandemic puts stress on the requirements of indoor air quality. Significant improvements in the design of building ventilation systems have become necessary, as this allows for the supply of higher quantities of outdoor air in buildings. Additional capital investment is necessary for increases in the size of ventilation fans and ducts, as well as for the installation of efficient air-to-air recuperators, to recover the enthalpy of the rejected air. To address the increased operation costs, smart strategies are necessary to make rational use of the ventilation system. The required modifications are studied in the example of an 18-zone office building located in Volos, Greece. The building’s energy performance is studied by means of transient simulation. Operation of the ground-coupled heat pump, the upgraded ventilation system and the high-performance recuperators and filters’ interactions is presented in detail at various time scales. The results show the effect of increased ventilation requirements of new and renovated office and commercial buildings in the post-COVID era. The added capital equipment and operation costs must be met with a strong and sustained engineering effort. Especially in the case of nZEB buildings, the protection of public health must be attained, with reduction of the added electricity consumption penalties, in order to keep the nZEB character of the building.
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Karadag, Ilker, and Aysem Berrin Cakmakli. "Interface of the Natural Ventilation Systems with Building Management Systems." Periodica Polytechnica Architecture 51, no. 2 (November 27, 2020): 178–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ppar.15700.
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The vertical city is increasingly being seen as the most viable solution for many urban centers. However, being vertical means constructing tall buildings which imply a large amount of energy requirement mostly due to the mechanical ventilation systems. Replacing these systems with natural ventilation is of importance on the way of achieving sustainable buildings and cities. However, there are many challenges in incorporating natural ventilation systems into tall office buildings. Because, having a far distance from the ground levels, tall buildings are exposed to turbulent and unstable wind conditions. Therefore, advanced technical systems to monitor/control a tall building is required even though natural ventilation is mostly considered a passive, low technological approach to condition a building. These systems utilize sensors to measure internal environmental conditions and external conditions of air temperature, humidity, wind velocity, and rain to utilize passive or active modes, based on the data received. To integrate such systems, in most cases, a hybrid approach is required to fill the gap between the natural and mechanical ventilation systems. Since, climate conditions may not be suitable for solely depending on natural ventilation throughout the year, using mechanical ventilation systems as a back-up to natural ventilation is mostly required. Based on this approach, this study presents advanced natural ventilation strategies of a number of buildings integrating Building Management Systems. Throughout the study, it is intended to guide further researches on natural ventilation and consequently to contribute to the environmental quality of urban areas and smart sustainable development of the cities.
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Mba, Emeka J., Chinwe G. Sam-amobi, and Francis O. Okeke. "An Assessment of Orientation on Effective Natural Ventilation for Thermal Comfort in Primary School Classrooms in Enugu City, Nigeria." European Journal of Sustainable Development 11, no. 2 (June 1, 2022): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2022.v11n2p114.
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The current harsh climatic and high thermal conditions observed across the globe due to climate change is a challenge for indoor thermal comfort in buildings. In most developing nation, educational buildings where formal teaching and learning is conducted are designed to function without mechanical ventilation in an attempt to save energy costs hence relying solely on Natural ventilation. However, the effects of orientation on effective natural ventilation in educational buildings in the hot-humid tropical environments have not been adequately explored. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of orientation of the classroom buildings with respect to cardinal and wind directions on effective natural ventilation desired for thermal comfort in buildings of public primary schools in the city of Enugu, Nigeria. It adopted a combination of experimental and descriptive survey research design. Instruments for data collection were two thermo-anemometer data logging device (AZ 9871) for determining both indoor and outdoor temperatures, wind velocities and relative humidity of classrooms of selected 60 public primary school building in the metropolis based on stratified sampling technique. Data analysis was done using linear regression analysis, the global coefficient of ventilation and building orientation standards. The research results showed that there was a correlation between classroom building orientations and effective natural ventilation coefficient and that the mean natural ventilation efficiency of 80% above the 60% global ventilation efficiency standard was achieved. In addition, orientation of classroom buildings in terms of inlet window planes to the dominant wind direction had positive significant effect on natural ventilation efficiency, invariably influencing the thermal comfort conditions of the investigated classrooms. The research concludes that adequate attention should be given to the orientation in classroom buildings especially in the hot humid tropical environments by architects and building designers to ensure thermal comfort is achieved for effective teaching and learning.
Keywords: Building orientation, Natural ventilation, Tropical environment, Classroom buildings, Thermal comfort
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Breesch, Hilde, Bart Merema, and Alexis Versele. "Ventilative Cooling in a School Building: Evaluation of the Measured Performances." Fluids 3, no. 4 (September 23, 2018): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fluids3040068.
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The test lecture rooms on Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven) Ghent Technology Campus (Belgium) are a demonstration case of Annex 62: Ventilative Cooling of the International Energy Agency’s Energy in Buildings and Communities programme (IEA EBC). The building is cooled by natural night ventilation and indirect evaporative cooling (IEC). Thermal comfort and the performances of ventilative cooling are evaluated. Long-term measurements of internal temperatures, occupancy, opening of windows and IEC were carried out in the cooling season of 2017. The airflow rates through the windows in cross- and single-sided ventilation mode were measured by both tracer gas concentration decay and air velocity measurements. In addition, the air flow pattern is visualized by measuring air temperatures in the room. The results show that good thermal summer comfort was measured except during heat waves and/or periods with high occupancy. Both nighttime ventilation and IEC operate very well. IEC can lower the supply temperature by day significantly compared to the outdoor temperature. The Air Changes Rates (ACR) of the night ventilation greatly depends on wind direction and velocity. The air temperature profile showed that the air is cooled down in the whole lecture but more in the upper zone. The extensive data monitoring system was important to detect malfunctions and to optimize the whole building performance.
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Aye, Lu, and Robert Fuller. "An Evaluation of a Proposed Ventilation System for Melbourne's CH2 Building." Construction Economics and Building 5, no. 2 (November 20, 2012): 47–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ajceb.v5i2.2960.
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The understanding of ventilation requirements in commercial buildings has been significantly revised in the last 10-15 years. A link between health, productivity and increased fresh air use has been established by some research and this understanding underpins the ventilation philosophy adopted for the CH2 building. The ventilation system design for CH2 that has been evaluated in this paper envisages a mechanically driven system during the day, using the displacement technique to distribute filtered air. All introduced air will be drawn from outside and no recycling of air will occur. Natural ventilation will be employed at night using the stack effect, enhanced by turbine ventilators. This paper critiques the proposed ventilation system in the light of international experience and the particular conditions of the building's location. The evidence suggests that natural ventilation sometimes may be inadequate to achieve the desired objectives. Minimization of indoor pollutants, adequate filtration and high levels of ventilation should, however, ensure satisfactory air quality during occupied hours.
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Park, Kyung-Yong, Deok-Oh Woo, Seung-Bok Leigh, and Lars Junghans. "Impact of Hybrid Ventilation Strategies in Energy Savings of Buildings: In Regard to Mixed-Humid Climate Regions." Energies 15, no. 6 (March 8, 2022): 1960. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15061960.
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It has been identified that improving building energy efficiency is an effective method to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Although standards have been established to satisfy a building’s minimum energy demand while ensuring the comfort of its residents, they are difficult to implement in mixed-humid regions. This study proposes a hybrid ventilation strategy that can comprehensively reduce cooling, heating, and ventilation energy in mixed-humid climate regions to significantly decrease the primary energy demand and reduce the impact of buildings on the environment. This study evaluated the changes in energy saving potential and thermal comfort according to the extension of the natural ventilation period and passive strategies, such as decentralized ventilation. Changes in indoor air temperature, operative temperature, and PMV for each strategy were analyzed. As a result, extending the natural ventilation and the decentralized ventilation strategies can save 32% and 34% of the building’s energy, respectively. Considering that electricity is the main energy source for cooling in Korea, the extension of the natural ventilation period was judged to be the best approach from the perspective of primary energy demand. The results can be used to predict changes in building energy demand and thermal comfort and select an appropriate ventilation strategy based on occupant information obtained using Internet of Things.
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Fisher, G., B. Ligman, T. Brennan, R. Shaughnessy, B. H. Turk, and B. Snead. "Radon Mitigation in Schools Utilising Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning Systems." Radiation Protection Dosimetry 56, no. 1-4 (December 1, 1994): 51–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.rpd.a082421.
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Abstract As part of a continuing radon in schools technology development effort, EPA's School Evaluation Team has performed radon mitigation in schools by the method of ventilation/pressurisation control technology. Ventilation rates were increased, at a minimum, to meet the American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) standard Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality (ASHRAE 62-1989). This paper presents the results and the preliminary evaluations which led to the team's decision to implement this technology. Factors considered include energy penalties, comfort, indoor air quality (IAQ), building shell tightness, and equipment costs. Cost benefit of heat recovery ventilation was also considered. Earlier results of the SEP team's efforts have indicated a severe ventilation problem within the schools of the United States. An integrated approach to radon mitigation in schools and other large buildings which control radon as well as improve overall IAQ should be the goal of radon remediation where practical. Two case studies are presented where HVAC technology was implemented for controlling radon concentrations. One involved the installation of a heat recovery ventilator to depressurise a crawl space and provide ventilation to the classrooms which previously had no mechanical ventilation. The other involved the restoration of a variable air volume system in a two-storey building. The HVAC system's controls were restored and modified to provide a constant building pressure differential to control the entry of radon. Pre-mitigation and post-mitigation indoor air pollutant measurements were taken, including radon, carbon dioxide (CO2), particulates, and bio-aerosols. Long-term monitoring of radon, CO2 building pressure differentials, and indoor/outdoor temperature and relative humidity is presented.
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Zhou, Jun, and Xiao Hui Liu. "Design of Natural Ventilation and Analysis of Ventilation Safety in Commercial Building." Applied Mechanics and Materials 539 (July 2014): 55–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.539.55.
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This paper establishes computer CFD simulation mathematical model of large commercial buildings according to the principle of cubic interpolation function and determines the cubic interpolation function based on triangular elements method. It concludes the cubic polynomial in the process of simulation which improves the efficiency of computer simulation. This paper introduces modeling process and flow diagram of simulation process of numerical simulation of natural ventilation simulation of commercial building. It also simulates the indoor ventilation of building which treats the logistics field model of commercial tower building as the object of study. It concludes two-dimensional and three-dimensional contours of air and humidity. Finally, this paper gets the environmental distribution of the temperature through the simulation calculation and draws temperature change curve with distance which provides technical reference for the design of ventilation safe indoor.
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Yoo, Jihyun, Soonchan Kim, Liu Qi, Seungwoo Choi, Jaeyun Bae, and Junseok Park. "An Analysis of Natural Ventilation and Ventilation load in relation to Occupants’ window opening Behaviour in residential Building." E3S Web of Conferences 356 (2022): 03054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202235603054.
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For reducing the energy consumption in buildings, each country strengthened the standard of insulation without the standard of ventilation. However, because of it, sick building syndrome has occurred. Accordingly, the importance of ventilation in building has been increased to reduce the polluted indoor air and promote the better Indoor Air Quality. The previous study has only focused on the window opening behaviour and developed the machine learning algorithm of window opening. However, it is the ventilation rates that affects Indoor Air Quality. Therefore, in this study, the ventilation rates was derived from carbon dioxide decay method. From this ventilation behaviour, occupants are not only controlling their indoor environment, but also making the ventilation load in their building.
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Anuja, N., and N. Amutha Priya. "A Study on the Utilization of Natural Ventilation Systems in Institutional Buildings." Shanlax International Journal of Management 7, no. 1 (July 1, 2019): 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/management.v7i1.513.
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In Buildings, Energy Management is an important sector. Use of natural ventilation is the only way to minimise the overall energy consumption in buildings. Natural ventilation at a point can vary significantly for every second due to the climatic change. This paper has investigated energy demand problems due to ventilation in an institutional building located in India and gives satisfactory solutions to the problem. The main aim is to utilise maximum natural ventilation instead of artificial systems by reducing the energy bills in the Institutional building. Several Factors such as Wind speed, Wind pressure, Mechanical Ventilation, Air Flow Rate, Air Change Rate, Ventilation Air Change Requirements, Ventilation at various points in a Classroom are considered, and a Questionnaire Survey is conducted among the students.
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Ramzan, Nimra, Bhai Khan Shar, Shazia Abro, and Maheen Nadeem. "Investigation of Natural Ventilation in the Existing Buildings of Qasimabd, Hyderabad." Journal of Art, Architecture and Built Environment 5, no. 1 (May 20, 2022): 139–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.32350/jaabe.51.07.
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Environment is one of the biggest concerns around the globe as it affects every aspect of our lives, including the buildings used for residential and commercial purposes. A majority of people spend about 90% of their time indoors. In residential buildings, the existence of natural ventilation is essential to ensure the comfort level of residents. Recently, greater significance has been accorded to natural ventilation in building codes and planning policies. Today, many planning policies provide guidelines that stipulate the need for adequate natural ventilation in residential buildings. This paper aimed to investigate the occupants’ level of satisfaction with natural ventilation in residential buildings of Qasimabad, Hyderabad. Twenty (20) houses with a different opening design individuality were selected as sample for the current study. In terms of the occupants’ level of satisfaction with natural ventilation, the majority was neither satisfied nor unsatisfied. Further investigation demonstrated that the level of satisfaction is significantly related to the size of the openings. This study explored the residents’ satisfaction level using the questionnaire survey and case study methodology. Data was collected from the study area of Qasimabad in Hyderabad from 290 respondents. The results vouched for the implementation of building bye-laws in the designing of residential buildings in order to achieve the comfort level of their occupants.
Keywords: Building bye-laws, natural ventilation, occupants, residential building, satisfaction level
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Kim, Jeong Tai, and Chuck Wah Francis Yu. "Sustainable development and requirements for energy efficiency in buildings – The Korean perspectives." Indoor and Built Environment 27, no. 6 (March 22, 2018): 734–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1420326x18764618.
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The purpose of this paper is to provide a review of developments in Korea in relation to its energy consumption and sustainable development policies and progress in achieving its energy targets as given by the Building Energy Codes. Building insulation and passive building technologies are also reviewed for achieving passive house standards by 2017 and zero-energy or near zero-energy buildings (nZEB) by 2025 in Korea, and to identify strategies to further reduce usage of primary energy and to achieve energy efficiency targets. A defining feature of a sustainable building is its ability to reduce significantly its environmental impacts and its embodied energy and greenhouse gas emissions over its whole life, including use of natural resources and releases of pollutants, to promote reuse and recycling of materials and sustainable development of buildings whilst ensuring the building satisfy the indoor environmental quality requirements for occupants. Passive technologies include the use of natural ventilation, energy storage such as using phase change materials (PCM) and high thermal mass structure, high energy efficiency windows and lighting and maximizing daylighting and use of renewable energy technologies. Technologies for refurbishment of building envelopes, windows and ventilation systems are reviewed to improve and upgrade the energy efficiency of existing buildings as well as focusing on new builds. The various options for heating, ventilating, cooling and air-conditioning of buildings are also discussed. Green Buildings and Energy Efficiency Labels and Standards should have a pertinent role to affect energy efficiency measures in building developments.
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Gaczoł, Tomasz. "Natural balanced ventilation. Simulations part 2." E3S Web of Conferences 49 (2018): 00026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184900026.
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The paper is devoted to test results of air flow through natural ventilation supply-exhaust ducts in the rooms located on the upper floor of the building that were conducted in ANSYS Fluent software. Three types of solutions were selected for the tests: air inflow into the room through the air intake located at the basement level, air inflow through the window ventilator (although no longer used, this solution can be found in many existing residential buildings) and the natural ventilation system supported with the so-called “solar chimney” that is usually a glass superstructure, located on the roof of the building above the ventilation ducts. All simulations were conducted with an outdoor temperature of +3 degrees C. The indoor temperature is + 20 degrees C, considered to be the minimum thermal comfort level. The simulations concerned such issues as: pressure system inside the room and in the exhaust duct, distribution of air temperatures in the room, vector direction of air flow through supply and exhaust ducts and in the room. Tests conducted using a computer method of air flow analysis in ducts and in the analysed room indicate that the developed natural balanced ventilation system is a good solution, especially when building sealing is so common. In all cases presented, it meets the normative regulations and requirements for the ventilation air stream and the air exchange rate in the room. The paper (second part) describes test results concerning the room located on the upper floor of the building, i.e. with a long 9-meter long supply duct and a short 3-meter long exhaust duct.
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Yoon, Nari, Mary Ann Piette, Jung Min Han, Wentao Wu, and Ali Malkawi. "Optimization of Window Positions for Wind-Driven Natural Ventilation Performance." Energies 13, no. 10 (May 14, 2020): 2464. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13102464.
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This paper optimizes opening positions on building facades to maximize the natural ventilation’s potential for ventilation and cooling purposes. The paper demonstrates how to apply computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation results to architectural design processes, and how the CFD-driven decisions impact ventilation and cooling: (1) background: A CFD helps predict the natural ventilation’s potential, the integration of CFD results into design decision-making has not been actively practiced; (2) methods: Pressure data on building facades were obtained from CFD simulations and mapped into the 3D modeling environment, which were then used to identify optimal positions of two openings of a zone. The effect of the selected opening positions was validated with building energy simulations; (3) results: The cross-comparison study of different window positions based on different geographical locations quantified the impact on natural ventilation effectiveness; and (4) conclusions: The optimized window position was shown to be effective, and some optimal solutions contradicted the typical cross-ventilation strategy.
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Shui, Tao Tao, Jing Liu, and Fei Ma. "Numerical Simulation of Cross-Ventilation in Buildings Affected by Surrounding Buildings with Different Separation Distances." Applied Mechanics and Materials 353-356 (August 2013): 2993–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.353-356.2993.
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In order to investigate natural cross-ventilation in buildings, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) with the DES model is applied. The aim of this paper is to investigate the influence of surrounding buildings on natural ventilation in target building under different separation distances. The simulation results indicate that surrounding buildings has a significant impact on airflow structure and airflow rate of the target building. The flow characteristics in target building is determined by the flow regime in street canyon.
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Li, Yangluxi, Lei Chen, and Li Yang. "CFD Modelling and Analysis for Green Environment of Traditional Buildings." Energies 16, no. 4 (February 16, 2023): 1980. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16041980.
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With the enhancement of people’s awareness of heritage protection, research communities focusing on the natural ventilation of the layouts of ancient buildings have paid more attention to the planning and protection of these buildings. Based on the relationship between the natural ventilation environment and the layout of the building, we can reduce the adverse effects of energy consumption and outdoor wind, improve the environment and quality around the building, and achieve harmony between humans and nature. In this study, Fluent software was used to simulate the wind environment of Xingguo Temple. The advantages of combining computer simulation software with ancient building protection planning are illustrated by comparing the wind environment before and after the temple reconstruction with Fluent software. Through the simulation of the building’s wind environment, some suggestions are put forward for the early layout of the outdoor environment in the ancient building reconstruction planning area.
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Ermann, Michael. "Building ventilation and acoustics for people who don’t know much about building ventilation." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 125, no. 4 (April 2009): 2504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4783397.
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Sung, Wen Pei, H. H. Wu, Ting Yu Chen, and Wen Sheng Ou. "Evaluation the Heat Environment for Using Phenolic Resin as Heat Insulation Construction Material." Applied Mechanics and Materials 193-194 (August 2012): 517–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.193-194.517.
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In this research, two buildings were constructed using phenolic insulation along with considerations of various experimental elements and condition. These environmental factors include natural ventilation, forced ventilation, the mist system, and shading. The results show that when the building is well insulated, the heat transported across the well is effectively prevented indicating that the phenolic resin is effective in insulating the building. Under full sunshine, the room temperature is 10 °C lower than the ambient temperature under full sunshine with the best insulation effect observed at 10:00 am. Shading will provide additional insulation effect to lower the room temperature by 3 °Cmore; the insulation efficiency can also be improved by ventilating the room. Results at 12:00 noon show that shading can effectively reduce solar radiation on the wall whereas force ventilation will carry away heat to reduce the room temperature. Shading will always be effective in reducing the room temperature by about 4 °C, and at 14:00, forced ventilation is the most effective in lowering the room temperature.
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Gaczoł, Tomasz. "Living quarters. A natural balanced ventilation system. Simulations part 1." E3S Web of Conferences 49 (2018): 00025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184900025.
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In the following article the author proposes the solution for a properly functioning natural ventilation system based on the use of supply and exhaust ducts, i.e. by designing a natural balanced ventilation system. The paper is devoted to test results of air flow through natural ventilation supply-exhaust ducts in the rooms located on the lower floor of the building. The simulations conducted in ANSYS Fluent software relate to such issues as: pressure system inside the room and in the exhaust duct, distribution of air temperatures in the room, vector direction of airflow through supplyexhaust ducts and in the analysed room. Three types of solutions were selected for the tests: air inflow into the room through the air intake located at the basement level, air inflow through the window ventilator (although no longer used, this solution can be found in many existing residential buildings) and the natural ventilation system supported with the so-called “solar chimney”. All simulations were conducted with an outdoor temperature of +3 degrees C. The indoor temperature is + 20 degrees C, considered to be the minimum thermal comfort level. In the era of common building sealing, the presented ventilation system may be a good solution that guarantees proper functioning of natural ventilation. In all cases presented, it meets the normative regulations and requirements for the ventilation air stream and the air exchange rate in the room. The paper (first part) describes test results concerning the room located on the lower floor of the building, i.e. with a short supply duct and a 12-meter long exhaust duct.
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Khaleghi, Alireza, Karen Bartlett, and Murray Hodgson. "FACTORS AFFECTING VENTILATION, INDOOR-AIR QUALITY AND ACOUSTICAL QUALITY IN ‘GREEN’ AND NON-‘GREEN’ BUILDINGS: A PILOT STUDY." Journal of Green Building 6, no. 3 (July 2011): 168–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/jgb.6.3.168.
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This paper discusses a pilot project involving the direct monitoring of ventilation, indoor-air quality and the acoustical conditions in selected nominally ‘green’ and non-‘green’ buildings located on a university campus. The objectives were to measure parameters quantifying these three aspects of indoor environmental quality, determine the relationships between them and the building-design concepts, and evaluate the implications of the results for ventilation-system design, especially in ‘green’ buildings. Measurements were made in rooms, with and without acoustical treatment, in buildings with natural ventilation or mechanical (displacement and/or mixed-flow) ventilation systems. Measurements were made of ventilation rates (air changes per hour), indoor air quality (respirable-fibre, total-VOC and ultrafine-particulate concentrations), and the acoustical conditions (noise levels and reverberation times). Correlations between the environmental results, the building concept, the ventilation concept and the building window status were explored. In rooms with natural ventilation, low-frequency noise and total sound-pressure levels were lower; however, the rooms had higher ultrafine-particulate counts and lower ventilation rates. Rooms with mechanical ventilation had higher low-frequency and total sound-pressure levels, higher ventilation rates and fibre concentrations, but lower concentrations of ultrafine particulates. It was concluded that, in general, mechanical ventilation can provide better indoor air-quality, but that HVAC noise is an issue if the system is not properly designed. In ‘green’ buildings, noise levels were acceptable when the windows were closed, but increasing the ventilation rate by opening the windows resulted in higher noise levels. The results suggest that the acceptability of environmental factors in buildings depends on the degree of compliance of the design and its implementation with standards and design guidelines (i.e. for ventilation, air quality, thermal comfort, etc.), whether the original design concept is ‘green’ or non-‘green’.
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Jaakkola, J. J., and P. Miettinen. "Ventilation rate in office buildings and sick building syndrome." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 52, no. 11 (November 1, 1995): 709–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem.52.11.709.
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Tian, Xinxiu, Jamie Fine, and Marianne Touchie. "Analysis of alternative ventilation strategies for existing multi-family buildings using CONTAM simulation software." E3S Web of Conferences 172 (2020): 09004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017209004.
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In many existing high-rise multi-family buildings, a pressurized corridor ventilation system is used to meet outdoor air ventilation requirements. However, this system often has poor performance, leading to under- or over- ventilation in different parts of a building. This study examines three ventilation strategies including: the base case, which is a traditional pressurized corridor ventilation system, a direct-to-suite ducted ventilation system, and a suite-based HRV ventilation system. A building model was constructed in CONTAM using features of a typical post-war multi-family building in Toronto, Canada. All three strategies were simulated using CONTAM under both summer and winter conditions. The resulting outdoor airflow delivery rates to the suites and corridor pressure differentials were compared to assess the effectiveness of each strategy. The results show that the suite-based HRV strategy is able to provide adequate ventilation airflow to individual suites in both summer and winter. In the traditional pressurized corridor system and the direct-to-suite ducting system, the airflows delivered to the suites located at the top of the building are higher than those delivered to the suites located at the bottom of the building. This uneven airflow distribution is more pronounced in winter when stack effect impacts the ventilation system more significantly.
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Zheng, Jianwen, Qiuhua Tao, and Li Li. "Wind Pressure Coefficient on a Multi-Storey Building with External Shading Louvers." Applied Sciences 10, no. 3 (February 7, 2020): 1128. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10031128.
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Wind characteristics on building surfaces are used to evaluate natural ventilation of a building. As a type of building component, external shading louvers are applied in hot climatic regions to block solar radiation and provide better visual environments. The structure of external louvers can affect wind-induced characteristics, such as convective heat transfer coefficient, wind pressure and pollutant dispersion around building envelopes. This paper aims to analyze the potential ventilation capacity of a multi-storey building with shading louvers, based on wind pressure coefficient by the numerical method. A reference case was established and a previous study was applied to validate the numerical results. The rotation angle of horizontal louvers is taken from 0° to 75° in the simulation cases. The results show that average wind pressure has the greatest reduction for all floors when rotation angle turns from 60° to 75°. Ventilation openings on the stagnation zone contribute to higher ventilation rates for the windward facade with louvers. The analysis, based on multi-floor and multi-row buildings under shaded conditions, will provide a greater perspective for engineers to make optimal natural ventilation routes in multi-storey buildings with external shading louvers.
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Fu, Xiu Zhang, and Ding Xin Wu. "Analysis of Building Hybrid Ventilation Efficiency in Different Climate Regions of China." Applied Mechanics and Materials 170-173 (May 2012): 2693–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.170-173.2693.
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Hybrid ventilation has significant advantages in building energy-saving. We discussed the potential and influencing factors of the rational use of building hybrid ventilation systems in three typical cities, located in three different climate regions of China. We used the Adapted Comfort Standard (ACS) model and Energyplus software to analyze the hybrid ventilation efficiency. This method combines the advantages of Degree-Hours Method and Heat Balance Method, and also takes into account the wind-driven and buoyancy-driven models. Results shows that the natural ventilation potential (NVP) utilization hours of high thermal insulation buildings with temperature control ventilation can be up to 5080h in Beijing, 6195h in Nanjing and 6726h in Guangzhou, accounting for 58.0%, 70.7% and 76.8% of the full year respectively. It means that the rational use of hybrid ventilation and ventilation mode can significantly reduce building energy consumption in summer.
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Giama, Effrosyni. "Review on Ventilation Systems for Building Applications in Terms of Energy Efficiency and Environmental Impact Assessment." Energies 15, no. 1 (December 23, 2021): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15010098.
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Buildings are responsible for approximately 30–40% of energy consumption in Europe, and this is a fact. Along with this fact is also evident the existence of a defined and strict legislation framework regarding energy efficiency, decarbonization, sustainability, and renewable energy systems in building applications. Moreover, information and communication technologies, along with smart metering for efficient monitoring, has come to cooperate with a building’s systems (smart buildings) to aim for more advanced and efficient energy management. Furthermore, the well-being in buildings still remains a crucial issue, especially nowadays that health and air quality are top priority goals for occupants. Taking all the above into consideration, this paper aims to analyze ventilation technologies in relation to energy consumption and environmental impact assessment using the life cycle approach. Based on the review analysis of the existing ventilation technologies, the emphasis is given to parameters related to the efficient technical design of ventilation systems and their adequate maintenance under the defined guidelines and standards of mechanical ventilation operation. These criteria can be the answer to the complicated issue of energy efficiency along with indoor air quality targets. The ventilation systems are presented in cooperation with heating and cooling system operations and renewable energy system applications ensuring an energy upgrade and reduced greenhouse gas emissions. Finally, the mechanical ventilation is examined in a non-residential building in Greece. The system is compared with the conventional construction typology of the building and in cooperation with PVs installation in terms of the environmental impact assessment and energy efficiency. The methodology implemented for the environmental evaluation is the Life Cycle Analysis supported by OpenLca software.
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Zhou, Zijie, and Yiqiang Xiao. "Application of Ventilation Technology of Bamboo Houses in Modern High-Rise Buildings." Architecture and Design Review 2, no. 2 (November 15, 2020): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.18282/adr.v2i2.1104.
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<p>The principle of L-shaped natural ventilation system of bamboo houses, traditional buildings in the hot-humid area of Lingnan, China, is now widely applied in the design of modern high-rise buildings. Taking the typical building case, the office building of Guangzhou Zhujiang Power Plant as an example, this article studies the natural ventilation system by the experimental method of combining actual measurement and simulation. It is concluded that the application benefits of the natural ventilation system in high-rise buildings can be improved by forming a complete ventilation path, increasing the area of air inlet and the distance between air inlet and air outlet.</p><p> </p>
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Basińska, Małgorzata, Dobrosława Kaczorek, and Halina Koczyk. "Building Thermo-Modernisation Solution Based on the Multi-Objective Optimisation Method." Energies 13, no. 6 (March 19, 2020): 1433. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13061433.
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This study presents a multi-objective optimisation of building thermo-modernisation for multi-family buildings. The applied model has considered alternative solutions for insulation materials, with different thicknesses and different types of windows. The weighted sum method was applied to find a solution considering the minimisation of global cost, primary energy ratio and CO2 emissions. The solutions were compared for a building equipped with natural ventilation, and with mechanical supply—exhaust ventilation. In reference to the two considered types of ventilation, we analysed how the modification of an insulation thickness, its type and the type of installed windows, can be converted into individual evaluation criteria. The weights of the considered criteria were changed; however, this had no influence on the optimal solution. If the aim is to achieve the standards of zero-energy buildings, natural ventilation cannot be applied, despite the high value of thermal insulation of the building envelopes. Alternative solutions exist for buildings with natural ventilation and mechanical ventilation with heat recovery, where the primary energy ratio is the same for both, but the global costs are different. The additional energy and environmental input for the production of materials and elements to be replaced are insignificant in comparison to the savings brought about by thermo-modernisation.
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Ding, Puxian, Xiaoqing Zhou, Weihao Chen, and Wuduo Jin. "Numerical research on cross-ventilation flow of a generic building in unsheltered and sheltered conditions: impact of cross-section." E3S Web of Conferences 356 (2022): 03060. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202235603060.
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The performances of ventilation in the buildings with quadrate and cylindrical cross-sections are compared numerically. The incoming jet in the cylindrical unsheltered-building is more horizontal in comparison to the quadrate unsheltered-building. The dimensionless volume flow rates in the quadrate and cylindrical unsheltered-buildings are respectively 0.503 and 0.553. The incoming jet in the sheltered-buildings flows to the floors immediately. The velocity near the floor in the cylindrical sheltered-building is greater than that in the quadrate sheltered-building. The dimensionless volume flow rates in the quadrate and cylindrical sheltered-buildings are respectively 0.130 and 0.210.Comparing with the quadrate buildings, the ventilation rates in the cylindrical unsheltered and sheltered buildings increased by 10% and 61%.
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Yang, Young Kwon, Min Young Kim, Jin Woo Moon, and Jin Chul Park. "Numerical Evaluation of Ventilation Efficiency of Window Type Ventilation Systems." International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration 27, no. 03 (September 2019): 1950027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010132519500275.
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Ventilation in buildings is the simplest and most convenient way to purify indoor air. However, when the ventilation is not enough due to natural ventilation, it should be cleaned by mechanical ventilation or air purifier. This process requires building energy. Therefore, it is possible to save the energy of the building by merely increasing the natural ventilation efficiency. This study conducted airflow analysis simulations to investigate the effects of changes in the shape of ventilation openings and louvers on the ventilation efficiency of a window ventilation system. The streamlined window opening exhibited a greater increase in airflow (41.3%) than did the conventional window (24.3%) for the ventilation model with four openings. It was also observed that flow separation and wakes were generated by the adverse pressure gradient arising from the increased airflow speed when a louver was employed. Based on these results, it can be concluded that using a louver as a wind augmentation device is an obstacle to improving the airflow in a window ventilation system.
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Qi, Dahai, Jun Cheng, Ali Katal, Liangzhu (Leon) Wang, and Andreas Athienitis. "Multizone modelling of a hybrid ventilated high-rise building based on full-scale measurements for predictive control." Indoor and Built Environment 29, no. 4 (June 21, 2019): 496–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1420326x19856405.
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Hybrid ventilation is an effective approach to reduce cooling energy consumption by combining natural and mechanical ventilation. Previous studies of full-scale whole-building measurements of high-rise hybrid ventilation are quite limited due to the complexities of buildings and variable ambient conditions. As a result, validated and accurate whole-building simulations of hybrid ventilation often cannot be found in the literature. This paper reports a series of full-scale measurements of hybrid ventilation in a 17-storey high-rise building and associated whole-building simulations by 15-zone detailed and a 5-zone simplified multizone models. The paper is one of the first studies of using multizone models and real-world full-scale data and sharing key operational and performance experience and case studies of high-rise hybrid ventilation. Both the test data and the validated simulation models can be used for the comparison and validation of simulation models. The 5-zone simplified model developed from this study was able to model such a complex high-rise building by only a few zones, making possible the on-line model predictive control of a high-rise building. This was illustrated in this paper by an example of optimizing the uniformity of the hybrid ventilation on different floors by modifying inlet areas.
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Saber, Esmail Mahmoudi, Issa Chaer, Aaron Gillich, and Bukola Grace Ekpeti. "Review of Intelligent Control Systems for Natural Ventilation as Passive Cooling Strategy for UK Buildings and Similar Climatic Conditions." Energies 14, no. 15 (July 21, 2021): 4388. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14154388.
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Natural ventilation is gaining more attention from architects and engineers as an alternative way of cooling and ventilating indoor spaces. Based on building types, it could save between 13 and 40% of the building cooling energy use. However, this needs to be implemented and operated with a well-designed and integrated control system to avoid triggering discomfort for occupants. This paper seeks to review, discuss, and contribute to existing knowledge on the application of control systems and optimisation theories of naturally ventilated buildings to produce the best performance. The study finally presents an outstanding theoretical context and practical implementation for researchers seeking to explore the use of intelligent controls for optimal output in the pursuit to help solve intricate control problems in the building industry and suggests advanced control systems such as fuzzy logic control as an effective control strategy for an integrated control of ventilation, heating and cooling systems.
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Korniyenko, Sergey. "Complex analysis of energy efficiency in operated high-rise residential building: Case study." E3S Web of Conferences 33 (2018): 02005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20183302005.
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Energy conservation and human thermal comfort enhancement in buildings is a topical issue of modern architecture and construction. The innovative solution of this problem makes it possible to enhance building ecological and maintenance safety, to reduce hydrocarbon fuel consumption, and to improve life standard of people. The requirements to increase of energy efficiency in buildings should be provided at all the stages of building's life cycle that is at the stage of design, construction and maintenance of buildings. The research purpose is complex analysis of energy efficiency in operated high-rise residential building. Many actions for building energy efficiency are realized according to the project; mainly it is the effective building envelope and engineering systems. Based on results of measurements the energy indicators of the building during annual period have been calculated. The main reason of increase in heat losses consists in the raised infiltration of external air in the building through a building envelope owing to the increased air permeability of windows and balcony doors (construction defects). Thermorenovation of the building based on ventilating and infiltration heat losses reduction through a building envelope allows reducing annual energy consumption. Energy efficiency assessment based on the total annual energy consumption of building, including energy indices for heating and a ventilation, hot water supply and electricity supply, in comparison with heating is more complete. The account of various components in building energy balance completely corresponds to modern direction of researches on energy conservation and thermal comfort enhancement in buildings.
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Sadeghfar, Milad, and Sadra Sahebzadeh. "Impact of roof geometry on cross-ventilation in vaulted buildings: a CFD study." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2042, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2042/1/012106.
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Abstract The roof geometry is an important parameter in determining the natural cross-ventilation in buildings. Although many studies have been performed on natural ventilation, the impact of the large set of vaulted roofs on the building cross-ventilation remains to be addressed. In this paper, high-fidelity computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, validated with experimental data, are performed on five naturally ventilated buildings with two opposing windows, each with a specific type of vaulted roof and otherwise identical, in 0° incident flow angle, to assess the impact of vaulted roof geometry on the building cross-ventilation performance. The following vault geometries are investigated and compared against a flat-roof building with the same specifications: (i) segmental, (ii) low-rise pointed, (iii) mid-rise catenary (iv) high-rise pointed and (v) high-rise catenary. The results show that compared to the flat-roof building, the vaulted roofs cause a <5% decrease in volume flow rate and 16-29% increase in the average mean velocity magnitude at the occupants’ level. In vaulted buildings, the low-velocity regions of the flow are moved further away from the occupied zone towards the ceiling, thus providing a fresher air to the occupants. The results clarify the high potential of vaulted roofs for natural ventilation and sustainable design.
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Hamza Saber, Atheer, Alaa Abbas Mahdi, and Mohammed Wahhab Aljibory. "REVIEW OF THE EFFECT OF OCCUPIED DENSITY WITH MIXING VENTILATION ON THERMAL HUMAN COMFORT AND INDOOR AIR QUALITY." IRAQI JOURNAL FOR MECHANICAL AND MATERIALS ENGINEERING 22, no. 2 (July 1, 2022): 98–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.32852/iqjfmme.v22i2.596.
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In this study many researches related to mixing and displacement ventilations in indoor and office rooms were addressed. Good ventilation is one of the most important requirements for space occupants to maintain appropriate environmental conditions, as ventilation increases thermal comfort and improves indoor air quality. However, the studies on mixing ventilation systems based on occupied density have been highlighted in the present work. Improvement of the indoor environment is economically efficient when health and productivity are taken into account. The parts of a room that a person occupies must be characterized by speed and air temperatures suitable for the occupants of the space. In the occupied zone, fresh, clean supply air must reach all its parts, and no stagnation areascan be found there. A group of field studies conducted showed, significant levels ofdissatisfaction with the indoor environment in many buildings despite satisfying the typical ventilation requirements, where there are still many complaints regarding poor indoor air quality and diseases related to poor ventilation of buildings. In enclosed spaces, ventilation is one of the essential methods used to control indoor air quality (IAQ). In buildings, ventilation has an impact on the structure and, as a result, on the people who utilize it. A deteriorated indoor environment increases sick building syndrome (SBS), respiratory illnesses, and reduces comfort and productivity.
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Säteri, Jorma, Olli Seppänen, and Mervi Ahola. "Finnish design ventilation rates for residential buildings." E3S Web of Conferences 111 (2019): 02016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911102016.
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Implementation of EU directives has forced EU member countries to revise the building regulations related energy efficiency. The 2017 revision of the building codes is due to the requirement set in the EPBD 2010 for all new buildings to be nearly zero buildings by 2020. The Finnish Ministry of the Environment (in charge of building regulations) invited FINVAC Federation of Finnish HVAC Associations to revise the guidelines values of ventilation rates as part of the nearly zero energy building regulations. At the same time, the Finnish Society of Indoor Air Quality and Climate updated its voluntary Classification of Indoor Environment. Several methods were used in the study to collect information and develop the new guideline values. European studies, such as HEALTHVENT, and relevant CEN standards were taken into consideration in drafting the design ventilation rates. Existing legislation on housing conditions gave the minimum levels and, finally, the recommended values were defined using expert interviews, workshops and public review process. Earlier studies had indicated that earlier design ventilation rates were too high for small apartments. Ventilation rates were considered too low for homes of elderly people and residential kitchen hoods, and some larger apartments. Furthermore, the balance of outdoor and exhaust air flows needed revision due to the improved tightness of the building envelope. Energy efficiency and avoidance of draught and noise were also taken into account. This paper presents the numeric values of the ventilation rates in the new building regulations and the design guidelines supporting them.
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HUGHES, ROBERT T., and DENNIS M. O'BRIEN. "Evaluation of Building Ventilation Systems." American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal 47, no. 4 (April 1986): 207–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15298668691389630.
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