Academic literature on the topic 'Building vulnerability index'

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Journal articles on the topic "Building vulnerability index"

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Guan, Wenling, Yutong Wang, and Chengjie Dong. "Risk Assessment Method of Industrial Urban Areas Considering Building Vulnerability." Journal of Civil and Transportation Engineering 2, no. 1 (2025): 32–42. https://doi.org/10.62517/jcte.202506105.

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Industrial accidents may result in injuries and damage to buildings. Buildings as an important category of hazard-bearing bodies in industrial accidents cannot be ignored in regional risk assessment. The purpose of this study is to introduce building vulnerability into the study of hazard-bearing body vulnerability and build a comprehensive vulnerability assessment model of hazard-bearing body. A comprehensive risk assessment method is proposed which considers the accident consequences and the vulnerability of hazard-bearing body. Firstly, an accident scenario was established and accident footprints were spatially displayed using the hazard modeling software ALOHA. Secondly, the building vulnerability is evaluated based on the exposure, sensitivity and adaptability of the buildings. Building density and distance from the accident center are selected into the exposure index layer. Building age, building height, seismic grade of building are selected into the sensitivity index layer. Emergency shelter area and road area are selected into the adaptability index layer. Finally, ArcGIS is used to superimpose accident consequence map and hazard-bearing body vulnerability map to generate comprehensive risk map and realize regional comprehensive risk visualization. This procedure was tested in a small town in China, and the results showed that the inclusion of building vulnerability in the risk assessment system led to more accurate results.
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Lazzali, Farah, and Mohamed N. Farsi. "Vulnerability Index of Algiers Reinforced Concrete Buildings." Advanced Materials Research 685 (April 2013): 228–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.685.228.

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Reinforced Concrete (R/C) buildings experienced major damage in past earthquakes. Structural damage including column cracking, shear failure and collapse, were due to particular conditions, such as: poor member sizing and detailing, soft stories, building irregularity, bounding, bad quality of construction materials and workmanship. Various approaches and methods to assess the seismic vulnerability of buildings were established through examining a damage indicator: “vulnerability index”. In this work, a simplified vulnerability index based on design parameters describing the deficiencies of the structural system is proposed. The global index of each R/C building in the surveyed area is evaluated and normalized.
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DeCaprio, Dave, Joseph Gartner, Carol J. McCall, et al. "Building a COVID-19 vulnerability index." Journal of Medical Artificial Intelligence 3 (December 2020): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/jmai-20-47.

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Honesti, Leli, Muhd Zaimi Abd Majid, Nazwar Djali, Meli Muchlian, and Z. Syofyan. "Development of a Relative Vulnerability Index (RVI) for Estimation of Building Vulnerability towards Tsunami Hazard." MATEC Web of Conferences 215 (2018): 01037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201821501037.

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Tsunami hazard is an adverse event, which causes damage to properties and loss of life. The study on the effects of tsunami hazard on building vulnerability can help establish and improve the resilience of the building. The problem in assessing the building vulnerability towards tsunami hazard is significant whereby available models for assessing the risk are not applicable for buildings in Padang, Indonesia. The study developed a new Relative Vulnerability Index (RVI) model to estimate building vulnerability for assessment the risk. Literature review was carried out with regards to model development. The model was grouped in two categories of vulnerability, namely the Water Inundation (WI) and the Building Vulnerability (BV). The water inundation comprises tsunami inundation factor. Then, the building bulnerability consists of both internal and external factors. Contribution of each factor is 1/3 or 33.33% of the overall weighting of the new RVI scores. The new RVI model has applied a formula of 1/3 water (tsunami) inundation factor + 1/3 internal factor + 1/3 external factor. The total value of all weights put together should be equal to 100. To use the model, it is necessary to investigate two internal and external factors based on the characteristics of a building and specific geographichal feature of an area. In conclusion, this study has successfully developed a new RVI model for building vulnerability towards tsunamis. In comparison to other approaches, the model offers an adaptable methodology for the characteristics of the buildings and spesific geographical features of the area.
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Alam, Md Shaharier, and Shamim Mahabubul Haque. "Seismic vulnerability evaluation of educational buildings of Mymensingh city, Bangladesh using rapid visual screening and index based approach." International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment 11, no. 3 (2020): 379–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijdrbe-07-2019-0043.

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Purpose Seismic vulnerability evaluation of various public structures, especially school buildings, is very crucial for designing hazard mitigation initiatives in seismic prone areas. The city of Mymensingh is at great risk of earthquake because of its geographical location, geological structure and proximity to active faults. The city is famous for its ancient and renowned educational institutes that need to be evaluated for understanding the seismic performance of the building during an earthquake. This study aims to evaluate the seismic vulnerability of educational buildings of Mymensingh city using rapid visual screening (RVS) and index based approach. Design/methodology/approach RVS procedure includes field survey and secondary source assessment for evaluating structural vulnerability attributes. Analytical hierarchy process is applied to develop an index focusing on systematic attributes of vulnerability based on expert opinions. Then, a composite vulnerability map is developed combining both structural and systematic vulnerability score providing an equal weight. Findings This study evaluates the seismic vulnerability of 458 educational buildings of Mymensingh city and the result shows that 23.14% educational building has high, 46.29% has moderate and 26.86% has moderately low and only 3.71% buildings has the low seismic vulnerability. This study expected to be helpful in resource targeting and prioritizing seismic hazard mitigation activities for education buildings of Mymensingh city. Originality/value This study endeavors to present a comprehensive vulnerability assessment method by integrating RVS and index based approach that incorporates both structural and systematic dimensions of vulnerability. The result is expected to be helpful in the formulation of disaster prevention policy for vulnerable educational buildings and development of the earthquake-resistant building codes for the new building construction in Mymensingh city.
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Muhaimin Ridwan Wong, Mohd, Nordila Ahmad, Syamsidik, Anawat Suppasri, and Maidiana Othman. "Multi-indicator building vulnerability index for assessing tsunami-induced building damages." E3S Web of Conferences 340 (2022): 04002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202234004002.

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While relatively uncommon, tsunami typically leads to extreme and devastating impacts to human lives and development at far distances. Various international bodies and academic research have highlighted the importance of understanding risk and its determinants for effective risk management. Currently available methodologies to assess tsunami risk and the effect of vulnerability towards the resulting impact present opportunities for improvement particularly in their adaptability, accuracy and generalisability for pre- and post-disaster applications, as well as across temporal and geographical boundaries. This paper discusses the potential of a methodology to assess tsunami risk for buildings based on their vulnerability level, which in turn is determined through a set of vulnerability indicators. A vulnerability index equation consisting of four indicators namely building materials, number of storeys, coastal protective structures and coastal vegetation was formulated through the Analytical Hierarchy Process. The index is then applied for two major yet distinctly different tsunami events for the purpose of examining potential links between hazard intensity measure, building vulnerability and recorded impacts while also establishing basis for generalisability. While certain correlations can be observed, the findings are still at preliminary stage and thus approaches to further refine the index were proposed.
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Usman Kaoje, Ismaila, Muhammad Zulkarnain Abdul Rahman, Nurul Hazrina Idris, et al. "Physical Flood Vulnerability Assessment using Geospatial Indicator-Based Approach and Participatory Analytical Hierarchy Process: A Case Study in Kota Bharu, Malaysia." Water 13, no. 13 (2021): 1786. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13131786.

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The most devastating flood event in Kota Bharu was recorded in December 2014, which affected several properties worth millions of dollars and thousands of homes. Damage to physical properties, especially buildings, is identified as a significant contributor to flood disasters in Malaysia. Therefore, it is essential to address physical flood vulnerability by developing an integrated approach for modeling buildings’ flood vulnerability to decrease the flood consequences. This study aims at developing a flood vulnerability assessment approach using an indicator-based model (IBM) for individual buildings in Kota Bahru, Kelantan, Malaysia. An intensive literature review and expert opinions were used to determine suitable indicators that contribute to the physical flood vulnerability of buildings. The indicators were grouped into three components, i.e., flood hazard intensity (I), building characteristics (C), and effect of the surrounding environment (E). The indicators were further refined based on expert opinions and Relative Importance Index (RII) analysis. Based on their contribution to the Malaysia local building flood vulnerability, priority weight is assigned by the experts to each of the selected indicators using the participatory Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). A spatial database of buildings in Kota Bharu is developed through field surveys and manually digitizing building footprints from satellite imageries. The identified indicators and their weight are added to each building footprint. The Weighted Linear Combination (WLC) aggregation method combined the weight of indicators into a vulnerability index and maps. The results of a physical flood vulnerability were validated using building damage information obtained through interviews with the community that experienced previous flood in the study area. The result showed that about 98% of the study area’s buildings have either moderate or low vulnerability to flooding. The flood vulnerability map has an overall accuracy of 75.12% and 0.63 kappa statistics. In conclusion, the IBM approach has been used successfully to develop a physical flood vulnerability for buildings in Kota Bharu. The model contributes to support different structural and non-structural approaches in the flood mitigations process.
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Wayih, Nchini Livinus, Mabel Nechia Wantim, Tuhmbom Engelbert Nkwain, and Samuel Ndonwi Ayonghe. "Physical vulnerability assessment and household preparedness of Buea Municipality to seismic hazards from Mount Cameroon Eruptions: A cause for concern." Journal of the Cameroon Academy of Sciences 20, no. 3 (2024): 285–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jcas.v20i3.7.

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Earthquakes associated with volcanic eruptions from Mount Cameroon can impact society and building infrastructures. This study therefore aimed to assess the following: i) the geological features (rock/soil types) and its characteristics in selected localities within Buea municipality; ii) past-eruption/earthquake impact assessment on buildings; iii) physical vulnerability of buildings infrastructure and iv) household preparedness to earthquake hazards. The study utilized a mixed-method approach, combining quantitative and qualitative techniques. Geological characteristics was assessed through site visits across the selected ten localities by physical observation and rock sample collection. Past-eruptions (1959, 1982, 1999, 2000) impacts assessment on buildings and household preparedness to earthquakes were evaluated using structured questionnaires. Building vulnerability was assessed using the ENSURE and the Building Vulnerability Index (BVI) methodology on the following parameters: building state, building materials, house position (single, row, clustered), house age, proximity to volcano and the surrounding soils/rocks. Findings revealed the rock types are predominantly made up of basaltic rocks/ lava, pyroclastic deposits, tuff, lahar deposits and brownish to black loamy soils. Earthquake impact on buildings from the 4 eruptions revealed that localities around the epicenter were the most affected. Physical vulnerability assessment revealed that 35 % of the vulnerable buildings were < 5 years old and were residential buildings. Quantitative analysis of building vulnerability indicated moderate vulnerability to seismic hazards in 50 % of the assessed localities. For household preparedness to volcanic earthquakes: 32.0 % of households had first aid kits and 73.1 % had identified safe evacuation locations. The study revealed that the presence of tuff, soft and loose unconsolidated soils; the position and state of buildings; and the absence of evacuation plans significantly contributed to seismic vulnerability in Buea municipality.
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Kim, Man-Il, and Jae-Hwan Kwak. "Assessment of Building Vulnerability with Varying Distances from Outlet Considering Impact Force of Debris Flow and Building Resistance." Water 12, no. 7 (2020): 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12072021.

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Studies have been conducted to understand the physical characteristics of debris flows and quantitatively assess the vulnerability of the buildings nearby to mitigate damage from debris flow disasters. However, there remains a paucity of research on vulnerability assessments that discuss the impact force of debris flow and building resistance within certain sections, where debris flows spread from an outlet. In this regard, the study assesses the vulnerability of buildings to debris flows while considering the distance from an outlet. For this purpose, it selects the two sites of Chuncheon-shi in Gangwon-do and Cheongju-shi in Chungcheongbuk-do in South Korea, which are widely known for having experienced debris flow damage in 2011 and 2017, respectively. For the sites, the study conducts an inverse analysis through debris flow simulation to understand the physical characteristics of debris flows, including flow depth, flow velocity, and impact force. Then, the study assesses vulnerability by estimating the resistance of the materials of the buildings placed in the range where debris flows spread, which allows the calculation of a vulnerability index that a building material may have and the estimation of a safety distance from the outlet for each material of the buildings in the study sites. The result shows that with an increasing distance from the outlet, the flow depth, velocity, and impact force, which represent debris flow properties, tend to decrease. This again results in vulnerability being gradually reduced. The study also suggests that buildings are exposed to the risk of debris flow disasters at a sections 40 to 60 m from an outlet for wood material construction, 70 to 110 m for brick-masonry material construction, and all sections from an outlet for prefabricated material construction. Based on this result, the vulnerability index is estimated for the wood material (0.85), brick-masonry material (0.58), and prefabricated material (0.003).
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Putra, Rusnardi Rahmat, Junji Kiyono, Yusuke Ono, and Dezy Saputra. "Seismic Performance Assessment of Sustainable Shelter Building Using Microtremor Method." Civil Engineering Journal 10, no. 11 (2024): 3542–53. https://doi.org/10.28991/cej-2024-010-11-06.

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The increasing intensity of earthquakes in West Sumatra could trigger megathrust earthquakes and tsunamis at the inter-plate in the Mentawai Islands. Building assessments are necessary to determine their vulnerability to predicted earthquakes. The target is a four-story building that serves as an education building and vertical evacuation. This research proposes a complete vulnerability assessment method using single microtremor observations, and the results are used to determine seismic building performance. The natural frequency is derived from the spectral analysis of the horizontal components (NS and EW) for each level, and we considered the largest earthquake peak ground motion (PGA) in this region to be the September 30, 2009, Padang earthquake (PGA 380 gals as ground motion input). We calculated the resonance index, seismic vulnerability index, and damping ratio. The results show that the resonance index of the structure is less than 1, the vulnerability index of the UNP Faculty of Economics building ɤ > (1/100-1/200) and is 1/234 to 1/699 for the x direction and 1/207 to 1/709 for the y direction; the average damping ratio is <5% for both directions (x, y) and RDM and FSR relationship is 0.78 and 0.69 for x and y respectively. The overall findings indicate that the structural response of the evaluated buildings falls within the 'slight' damage category during seismic events. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-11-06 Full Text: PDF
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Building vulnerability index"

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Oksuz, Arif. "Software Development For R/c Building Vulnerability Index And Member Importance Calculation." Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12604847/index.pdf.

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SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT FOR R/C BUILDING VULNERABILITY INDEX AND MEMBER IMPORTANCE CALCULATION Turkey has many active faults which have the potential to generate large earthquakes. Recent earthquakes showed that the buildings in Turkey are not well designed and vulnerable to earthquakes. Previous studies on the subject showed that many structures in Turkey need to be strengthened before the next major earthquake to minimize property loss and casualties. A number of fast and approximate (mostly empirical) methods have been developed in the past to process large building stock. However, there are some important and special structures that do not fit with the general building stock and needs special consideration (e.g., disaster management center, governmental buildings, hospitals, tall structures, etc.). This study targets to evaluate those important and special structures in a detailed, fast, and correct manner. The developed software, which constitutes an important part of this study, does process the building information several times to determine member-based importance factors. The vulnerability index of the building will be determined using the importance of each load-carrying member and how much each member is forced with respect to its capacity. In order to augment user perception, a functional graphical user-interface is designed. Software is equipped with modules that generate input files for SAP2000 analysis program, conduct dynamic and static analysis automatically, and postprocess the generated analysis results which enable the engineer to make a decision on the vulnerability of the structure. Program is written in C++, using object-oriented programming technique. The main difference between this and similar studies is the generator program which automatically generates 3D-FE models and post-processes nonlinear analysis results for an effective decision mechanism. In this way, more realistic results can be obtained much faster. As future studies, new routines are planned to be implemented to the graphical user interface of the program which will suggest smart and engineered retrofit/strengthening alternatives to the user.
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Maio, Rui André Simões Dias. "Seismic vulnerability assessment of old building aggregates." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/12839.

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Mestrado em Engenharia Civil<br>The present dissertation approaches the assessment of the seismic vulnerability of old stone masonry building aggregates. With this topic it is presented a review on the most recent methods and tools used for the seismic vulnerability assessment of masonry buildings, focusing the research developed both in Italy and Portugal. Moreover, a case study of an old stone masonry building aggregate was assessed, which is located in San Pio delle Camere (Abruzzo, Italy), slightly a ected by the 6th April 2009 L'Aquila earthquake. This building aggregate was modelled using the STA DATA software 3muri®. On one hand, static non-linear numerical analysis was performed to obtain capacity curves and a prediction of the damage distribution in the structure, caused by the input seismic action (hybrid method), on the other hand indirect methods were used, based on di erent vulnerability index formulations.<br>A presente dissertação insere-se no estudo da avaliação da vulnerabilidade sísmica de agregados de edifícios antigos de alvenaria de pedra. É feita uma revisão geral da literatura sobre os mais recentes estudos e ferramentas para a avaliação da vulnerabilidade sísmica de agregados de edifícios de alvenaria de pedra, enfatizando o trabalho de investigação desenvolvido em Itália e em Portugal nesta temática. É avaliada a vulnerabilidade sísmica de um caso de estudo de um agregado de edifícios, localizado em San Pio delle Camere (na região de Abruzzo, em Itália), afectado pelo sismo de L'Aquila e modelado com o recurso ao programa da STA DATA 3muri®. Numa primeira fase, a avaliação da vulnerabilidade sísmica do agregado foi conseguida através de uma metodologia híbrida, que estima as curvas de fragilidade com base nos deslocamentos espectrais resultantes de análises estáticas não-lineares. Posteriormente foram aplicados métodos indirectos, baseados na estimativa de um índice de vulnerabilidade, para diferentes formulações correntes.<br>La presente tesi di laurea magistrale si propone di contribuire allo sviluppo dello studio sulla valutazione della vulnerabilità sismica degli aggregati di edi ci in muratura di pietra. È stata fatta una ricerca e una revisione sui più recenti metodi e strumenti utilizzati per la valutazione della vulnerabilità sismica di edi ci in muratura, con particolare attenzione per la ricerca sviluppata in Italia e in Portogallo. È stato presentato il modello equivalente di un caso di studio che ha coinvolto un edi cio aggregato situato a San Pio delle Camere (Abruzzo, Italia) paese colpito dal terremoto de l'Aquila nell'aprile del 2009. Per la redazione del modello è stato utilizzato il software di STA DATA 3muri®, dove sono stati discussi l'in uenza di alcuni parametri sulla costruzione del comportamento globale e delle corrispondenti pushover curve. Sono stati anche discussi i risultati ottenuti per le curve di fragilità e le distribuzioni di danni dovuti all' azione sismica considerata. In una seconda fase sono stati applicati e discusse metodologie sempli cate basate nella valutazione dell'indice di vulnerabilità. In ne è stato fatto il confronto tra metodologie per ulteriori sviluppi della ricerca.
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MEZZAPELLE, PARDO ANTONIO. "A mechanically derived vulnerability index method for seismic risk assessment of existing RC school buildings." Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/252599.

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La vulnerabilità sismica degli edifici scolastici in C.A. è un aspetto molto importante in Italia, come mostrato da recenti terremoti che hanno causato danni rilevanti in diverse scuole. La maggior parte delle scuole italiane è stata costruita tra gli anni ’50 e ’90, quindi in assenza o con basso livello di resistenza sismica. Nel presente studio è stata sviluppata una metodologia per la valutazione speditiva del rischio sismico è stata sviluppata. Essa si basa sul metodo dell’indice di vulnerabilità, assumendo 15 indicatori di vulnerabilità a cui assegnare dei punteggi sulla base di un giudizio esperto. I punteggi sono stati determinati mediante analisi pushover effettuate su diversi modelli strutturali rappresentativi delle principali caratteristiche dei due campioni di scuole Pre 1974 e Post 1974. A tal fine un set di circa 40 istituti scolastici superiori è stato analizzato per rilevare le vulnerabilità tipiche e specifiche, ed una progettazione simulata è stata effettuata in accordo ai Codici in vigore nei due periodi di riferimento. Delle correlazioni tra l’indice di vulnerabilità globale Iv e la capacità in termini di PGA, sia per lo stato di danno leggero che per il collasso, sono state determinate per ottenere curve di danno trilineari così come nel metodo GNDT. La validazione numerica del metodo proposto è stata effettuata confrontando le curve di danno trilineari ottenute per due edifici prototipo, rappresentativi in media delle classi Pre 1974 e Post 1974, con le curve di danno analitiche fornite per gli stessi edifici sia da analisi pushover che dinamiche incrementali. Inoltre, una validazione sperimentale è stata fatta confrontando, per le scuole superiori delle province di Ancona e Macerata, il danno subito a causa della sequenza sismica del centro Italia del 2016, con il danno stimato, per lo stesso livello di intensità, mediante il metodo proposto. Entrambe le procedure di validazione hanno confermato una buona affidabilità del metodo proposto per valutazioni rapide e di tipo comparativo. Infine, due tipologie di scenari di danno rapido sono state sviluppate per il campione di edifici, al fine di stimare le perdite fisiche, umane ed economiche. Il primo tipo considera una pericolosità sismica uniforme sull’intero territorio e livelli di intensità crescenti, invece l’altra tipologia considera tre singoli eventi sulla base del sistema di faglie presente nella zona di interesse (fissando per ognuno un epicentro, magnitudo e profondità), quindi i valori di PGA sono calcolati per ogni edificio mediante una legge di attenuazione.<br>The seismic vulnerability of RC school buildings is a very important issue in Italy, as shown from recent earthquakes that caused heavy damage of several school buildings. Most of Italian schools were built between the 50s and the 90s, so without or with low seismic resistance criteria. In this study a methodology for rapid seismic risk assessment of RC school buildings is developed. It is based on the vulnerability index method, assuming 15 vulnerability indicators to which assign scores on the base of expert judgment. The scores were determined through pushover analyses performed on several structural models representative of the main characteristics of the Pre 1974 and Post 1974 school building stocks. To this aim a set of about 40 high schools were analysed to detect typical and specific vulnerabilities, and a simulated design procedure was carried according to the Codes in force in the two reference periods. Correlations between the global vulnerability index Iv and the capacity in terms of PGA, for both slight damage and collapse, were determined to obtain trilinear damage curves such as in GNDT method. The numerical validation of the proposed method was made by comparing the trilinear damage curves obtained for two prototype buildings, representative in average of the Pre 1974 and Post 1974 classes, with analytical damage curves provided for the same buildings by both pushover and incremental dynamic analyses. Also, experimental validation was carried out by comparing, for the high schools of the provinces of Ancona and Macerata, the damage occurred because of the Centre Italy 2016 seismic sequence, with the damage estimated, for the same intensity level, through the proposed method. Both validation procedures have confirmed a good reliability of the proposed method for rapid and comparative evaluations. Finally, two typologies of rapid damage scenarios were developed for the building stock, in order to estimate physical, human and economic losses. The first typology considers uniform seismic hazard on the whole territory and increasing intensity levels, instead the second one considers three single events on the base of the fault system of the region (fixing for each an epicentre, magnitude and depth), thus the PGA values are calculated for every school building by means an attenuation law.
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SPERANZA, ELISA. "The Importance of Calibration and Modelling Non-Structural Elements in the Evaluation of Seismic Vulnerability Index of Strategic Buildings Before and After Retrofitting." Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/274486.

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Questa tesi si propone di indagare sulla modellazione degli elementi non strutturali relativi alle pareti di tamponamento interne ed esterne, cercando di quantificare la differenza indotta dalle diverse strategie di modellazione sul valore dell'indice di vulnerabilità sismica con riferimento a edifici strategici. A tale scopo vengono analizzati due casi studio: il liceo Benedetto Croce di Avezzano e il liceo Varano di Camerino, entrambi edifici a telaio in c.a. oggetto di adeguamento sismico tramite torri dissipative esterne dotate di dissipatori viscosi alla base. Per entrambi i casi di studio, sono stati implementati tre modelli sia prima che dopo l'adeguamento, caratterizzati da un livello crescente di dettaglio: modello A con solo le componenti strutturali, modello B con tamponature esterne modellate come puntoni equivalenti secondo letteratura e modello C con pareti di tamponamento esterne ed interne calibrate attraverso i risultati dei test dinamici in situ. Per quanto riguarda la fase di pre-retrofitting, il calcolo dell'indice di vulnerabilità sismica è stato effettuato mediante analisi statica non lineare (pushover). Per quanto riguarda la fase post-retrofitting, il calcolo dell'indice di vulnerabilità sismica è stato effettuato mediante analisi dinamica non lineare (I.D.A). I risultati sono mostrati in termini di confronto tra le curve di capacità ottenute con analisi push over (pre-retrofitting) e con analisi dinamiche incrementali, per i diversi modelli implementati. Inoltre, i risultati sono mostrati anche in termini di livello di intensità dell'azione sismica necessaria per raggiungere uno stato limite predeterminato per il modello A, il modello B e il modello C.<br>This thesis aims to investigate on the modelling of the non-structural elements related to internal and external infill walls, trying to quantify the difference induced by different modelling strategies on the value of the seismic vulnerability index with reference to strategic buildings. On this purpose, two case studies are analysed: the Benedetto Croce high school in Avezzano and the Varano high school in Camerino, r.c. frame buildings retrofitted with external steel towers equipped with viscous dampers at the basis. For both case studies, three models are implemented, before and after the retrofitting, which are characterized by an increasing level of detail: model A with only structural components, model B with external infill panels modelled as equivalent connecting struts according to literature, and model C with external and internal infill walls calibrated through the results of in-situ dynamic tests. As regards the pre-retrofitting phase, the calculation of the seismic vulnerability index was carried out by means of nonlinear static analysis (pushover). As for the post-retrofitting phase, the calculation of the seismic vulnerability index was carried out by means of non-linear dynamic analysis (I.D.A). The results are shown in terms of comparison between the capacity curves obtained with push over analyses (pre-retrofitting) and with incremental dynamic analyses for the different model. In addition, the outcomes are shown also in terms of intensity level of the seismic action necessary to reach a predetermined limit state for model A, model B and model C.
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Jiménez, Ramirez Belén. "Seismic vulnerability assessment of traditional timber frame and masonry wall buildings : aplication to the historical centre of Valparaíso, Chile." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/671491.

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The seismic vulnerability of urban assets exposed to earthquake hazard represents a growing concern in the engineering field due to the potential risk of collapse for the buildings, and the associated devastating consequences for the inhabitants. This concern has led to the development of novel strategies for the assessment of the seismic vulnerability of the existing buildings. An accurate evaluation of the seismic vulnerability constitutes the point of departure for the implementation of the necessary mitigation strategies aimed at increasing the seismic resilience of the cities. Seismic vulnerability assessment (SVA) at large-scale requires robust knowledge of the existing structural typologies, often biased by the intrinsic uncertainties related to local construction materials and techniques, especially in territories composed of historical and vernacular constructions. A propaedeutic stage of SVA is the definition of building taxonomies to characterize the structural features of the buildings and their main sources of vulnerabilities. This difficult task requires the availability of consistent technical data, which are commonly scarce in cities with historical constructions. This doctoral thesis contributes to the development of suitable methodologies for the systematic surveying of urban buildings in historical urban centres, by proposing four complete survey forms for timber, masonry, reinforced concrete and steel/iron structural typologies. This tool aims to improve and optimize the complex process of collecting and gathering data about the structural characteristics of the existing building stock. This thesis also contributed to the calibration of simplified numerical models for the assessment of the seismic vulnerability of traditional buildings composed of timber frame and masonry wall structures. The nonlinear behaviour is simulated through the adoption of Lumped Plasticity Models (LPM) for timber frames, and continuum Finite Element (FE) models for masonry walls. The calibration of these models is pursued based on rigorous comparisons with numerous experimental tests available in the scientific literature. The developed simplified numerical models for timber frame and masonry wall structures are used to assess the seismic vulnerability of two existing buildings located in the historical centre of the city of Valparaíso, Chile. The numerical models are employed afterwards to analyse the different structural configurations of timber-masonry buildings of the study area. The examined structural configurations differ in the organization of the resisting systems, number of storeys, and presence of structural irregularities. The different pushover analyses show the influence of the aforementioned parameters on the seismic behaviour of the buildings. This research proposes a tentative set of scores and weights for the application of the Vulnerability Index Method (VIM) to traditional buildings composed of timber frame and masonry wall structures based on a numerical investigation. The resulting VIM form is calibrated by applying the N2 method to determine the seismic performance of the representative typologies within the study area. This study is based on the results of a numerical study, unlike other available VIM forms available in the existing literature are based on past post-earthquake surveys of damaged buildings. The thesis ends in a prospective study on the seismic vulnerability by VIM of 111 buildings located in three neighbourhoods of the historical centre of Valparaíso. This is an area of special interest, as it includes two of the main evacuation routes for the city in case of a tsunami, and congregate different typologies of heritage buildings, made of timber, masonry, and reinforced concrete. The obtained results are used to create seismic vulnerability maps in a GIS environment that may be used for future works aimed at the definition of proper policies for the implementation of mitigation strategies.<br>La vulnerabilidad sísmica de zonas urbanas expuestas a terremotos representa una creciente preocupación en el campo de la ingeniería debido al potencial riesgo de colapso de los edificios, y las consecuencias devastadoras que afectan a sus habitantes. Esta inquietud ha motivado el desarrollo de nuevas estrategias para la evaluación de la vulnerabilidad sísmica de los edificios existentes en centros urbanos. Un correcto estudio de la vulnerabilidad sísmica constituye el punto de partida para la correcta implementación de estrategias de mitigación enfocadas a aumentar la resiliencia sísmica de las ciudades. Los estudios de vulnerabilidad sísmica a escala urbana requieren un alto nivel de conocimiento respecto a las tipologías constructivas existentes, información comúnmente sesgada por las incertidumbres intrínsecas de los edificios, asociadas a los materiales y técnicas de construcción locales, especialmente en territorios compuestos por construcciones históricas o de naturaleza vernácula. Una etapa propedéutica de este tipo de estudios es la definición de una taxonomía de edificios, que permita caracterizar los sistemas estructurales existentes y detectar sus principales fuentes de vulnerabilidad. Esta tesis doctoral contribuye al desarrollo de una metodología para el levantamiento sistemático de edificios históricos en centros urbanos, basada en la formulación de cuatro formularios de encuestas para tipologías estructurales de entramado de madera, mampostería, hormigón armado y acero/hierro forjado. Otra importante contribución de esta tesis se centra en la calibración de modelos numéricos simplificados y orientados a la práctica para la evaluación de la vulnerabilidad sísmica de edificios tradicionales compuestos por muros de entramados de madera y mampostería. El comportamiento no lineal dichas estructuras es simulado mediante el uso de Modelos de Plasticidad Concentrada para muros de entramado de madera, y modelos continuos de Elementos Finitos para muros de mampostería. La calibración de estos modelos se lleva a cabo en base a rigurosas comparaciones entre diferentes ensayos experimentales disponibles en la literatura científica. Los modelos propuestos se utilizan para la evaluar la vulnerabilidad sísmica de dos edificios existentes situados en el centro histórico de la ciudad de Valparaíso, Chile. Este caso de estudio se caracteriza por su singular entorno urbano, donde predominan los sistemas estructurales compuestos por muros de entramados de madera y mampostería. Los modelos numéricos se utilizan para analizar diferentes configuraciones estructurales de los edificios de entramado de madera y mampostería localizados en tres barrios históricos del centro de la ciudad de Valparaíso. Este estudio examina diferentes configuraciones estructurales que difieren en la organización de los sistemas resistentes, número de plantas y la presencia de irregularidades estructurales. La siguiente etapa de esta investigación propone una calibración preliminar del Método del Índice de Vulnerabilidad (MIV) para edificios de entramado de madera y mampostería. Una nueva ficha de vulnerabilidad se calibra en base a una investigación numérica y en la aplicación del Método N2 para determinar el rendimiento sísmico de los edificios. Esta tesis culmina con un estudio prospectivo de la vulnerabilidad sísmica aplicando el MIV a 111 edificios ubicados en tres barrios del centro histórico de Valparaíso. Esta incluye dos de las principales rutas de evacuación de la ciudad en caso de tsunami y alberga diferentes tipologías de edificios patrimoniales, hechos de entramados de madera, mampostería y hormigón armado. Los resultados obtenidos se utilizan para crear mapas de vulnerabilidad sísmica en el entorno GIS que pueden utilizarse para llevar a cabo planes futuros para la implementación de estrategias de mitigación de la vulnerabilidad.
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Erduran, Emrah. "Component Based Seismic Vulnerability Assessment Procedure For Rc Buildings." Phd thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12606364/index.pdf.

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A detailed seismic performance assessment procedure has been developed for reinforced concrete frame buildings with masonry in-fill walls and reinforced concrete frames including shear walls. The procedure uses member damage functions, in terms of inter-story drift ratios, developed for the primary components: columns, beams, in-fill walls and shear walls. Analytical investigations carried out to determine the influence of a number of parameters on the damageability of components were combined with existing experimental data to develop component damage functions. A new approach has been developed to combine component damage states to determine the story and building level performance states. The procedure has been calibrated and compared with other procedures by predicting the observed performance of seven buildings exposed to recent earthquakes in Turkey. It was observed that the damage experienced by most of the components of these buildings was predicted satisfactorily, and that the observed building damage states were captured. The procedure can be used for a reliable performance assessment as well as performance-based design of the RC frame structures.
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Jayasooriya, Jayasooriya Hevavitharanage Aruna Ruwan. "Vulnerability and damage analysis of reinforced concrete framed buildings subjected to near field blast events." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2010. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/67925/1/Ruwan_Jayasooriya_Thesis.pdf.

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Terrorists usually target high occupancy iconic and public buildings using vehicle borne incendiary devices in order to claim a maximum number of lives and cause extensive damage to public property. While initial casualties are due to direct shock by the explosion, collapse of structural elements may extensively increase the total figure. Most of these buildings have been or are built without consideration of their vulnerability to such events. Therefore, the vulnerability and residual capacity assessment of buildings to deliberately exploded bombs is important to provide mitigation strategies to protect the buildings' occupants and the property. Explosive loads and their effects on a building have therefore attracted significant attention in the recent past. Comprehensive and economical design strategies must be developed for future construction. This research investigates the response and damage of reinforced concrete (RC) framed buildings together with their load bearing key structural components to a near field blast event. Finite element method (FEM) based analysis was used to investigate the structural framing system and components for global stability, followed by a rigorous analysis of key structural components for damage evaluation using the codes SAP2000 and LS DYNA respectively. The research involved four important areas in structural engineering. They are blast load determination, numerical modelling with FEM techniques, material performance under high strain rate and non-linear dynamic structural analysis. The response and damage of a RC framed building for different blast load scenarios were investigated. The blast influence region for a two dimensional RC frame was investigated for different load conditions and identified the critical region for each loading case. Two types of design methods are recommended for RC columns to provide superior residual capacities. They are RC columns detailing with multi-layer steel reinforcement cages and a composite columns including a central structural steel core. These are to provide post blast gravity load resisting capacity compared to typical RC column against a catastrophic collapse. Overall, this research broadens the current knowledge of blast and residual capacity analysis of RC framed structures and recommends methods to evaluate and mitigate blast impact on key elements of multi-storey buildings.
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"SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT FOR R/C BUILDING VULNERABILITY INDEX AND MEMBER IMPORTANCE CALCULATION." Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12604847/index.pdf.

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Vradenburg, Kim. "Building bridges and blurring lines: the value of reflexivity in CYC-based humanitarian practice." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/319.

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This research suggests that Child and Youth Care based reflexive practice contributes to crucial shifts in perspective in both international and national staff in humanitarian contexts, and blurs the line between beneficiaries and practitioners in humanitarian intervention. I maintain that national staff (people hired in country by international organisations) to care for affected populations in humanitarian contexts are a distinct group within a vulnerable population, and with whom integrative, focused efforts in practitioner development must be made. Specifically, this research suggests that an emphasis on reflexive practice with this group in Malawi, Sierra Leone and Sudan facilitated small but crucial increments of human change processes which led to increased responsibility as part of developing practitioner identity and wider social change. All of this is important if effective practice towards targeted beneficiaries and humanitarian protection aims are to be fully realized.
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Romis, Federico, Walter Salvatore, Silvia Caprili, Tiago M. Ferreira, and Paulo Lourenço. "Development of innovative methods for the seismic risk classification of masonry aggregates." Doctoral thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/1238605.

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Historical centres are the result of a process occurred during the centuries: masonry buildings constituting the urban environment are usually organized within Structural Aggregates (SAs) made up of Structural Units (SUs), connected in a variety of different ways, characterized by heterogeneous structural features, materials and architectures. The morphological variety of the resulting urban settings enriches the cultural heritage of a place, meanwhile, increases local and global vulnerabilities towards static and seismic actions. Consequently, the study of transformation processes of a historic centre is the first step for the prevention and mitigation of seismic risk. Another important assumption, as result of the first one, is that the protection of historical centres requires many resources in terms of assessing the seismic vulnerability and implementing retrofit strategies considering each individual building and their mutual interaction. In this sense, the mitigation of the seismic risk of historical built heritage has to be performed through successive in-depth process: firstly, the identification of the most vulnerable aggregates by means of urban scale screening; secondly detailed analyses on these aggregates to identify specific critical issues. The aim of this research activity is to provide new tools for the analyses of seismic risk on urban scale, in order to forecast damage scenarios and economic impact of seismic events on masonry aggregates: four clear objectives are accomplished through the development of four research tasks structured along the eight chapters that compose this document. The first part of the thesis provides a general overview of all those necessary procedures for a correct identification of the aggregate and its corresponding seismic vulnerability assessment. The literature review and on-site inspection, carried out in the case study of Campi Alto di Norcia in Valnerina (Italy) stroke by the earthquakes of 24 August and 30 October 2016, highlight advantages and disadvantages of current approaches and tools used for the vulnerability assessment of masonry aggregates. The second part deals with the development of an improved Empirical /Expert base method for the seismic vulnerability assessment of SAs on urban scale. Indeed, different statistical methods are selected and applied to the case study with the aim of determining the corresponding vulnerability index (Iv) and comparing their accuracy in predicting damage scenarios. Since recent earthquakes have shown that local mechanisms often cause failures of masonry aggregates, new parameters are introduced in the Improved Method, to take into account the out of plane behaviour of structural units in aggregates. The third part of the thesis addresses the calibration of the Improved method, by comparing the ‘observed’ damage caused by the 2016 earthquake in the case study with the ‘analytical’ ones predicted. To overcome the limits of the Empirical /Expert base methods, analysed in the previous phases, an additional Information Quality (IQ) index is, then, introduced in the calibrated procedure accounting for uncertainties related to the lack of information due to limited access or inspections. Finally, the work ends with the elaboration of codified procedure, identified with the acronym “MARS” (Masonry Aggregate Risk Scenarios), that takes into account damage, loss and economic impact of seismic events on masonry aggregates and provide further information for the seismic risk management of historic centres.
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Book chapters on the topic "Building vulnerability index"

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Diouf, Aliou, and Amadou Thierno Gaye. "A Methodological Framework for Building an Index for VulnerabilityIndex, participatory vulnerability assessment Vulnerability assessment Assessment of vulnerability Participatory approach Assessment in Rainfed Agriculture." In Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38670-1_42.

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Roderick, Thomas, Yolande Pengetnze, Steve Miff, Monica Chiarini Tremblay, and Rajiv Kohli. "Building a Vulnerability Index of Biological and Socioeconomic Risk Factors to Combat COVID-19 Spread." In The Next Wave of Sociotechnical Design. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-82405-1_3.

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Oynakov, Emil, Radan Ivanov, Irena Aleksandrova, Jordan Milkov, and Mariya Popova. "Evaluation of the Nakamura Vulnerability Index of a Cast-in-Situ Reinforced-Concrete Building from Ambient Noise Records." In Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-26754-3_6.

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Massarra, Carol, Carol Friedland, and Amin Akhnoukh. "Development of Wind and Flood Vulnerability Index for Residential Buildings." In Design and Construction of Smart Cities. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64217-4_18.

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"Index." In Multi-Hazard Vulnerability and Resilience Building. Elsevier, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-323-95682-6.20001-6.

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"Index." In Empirical Seismic Vulnerability and Resilience Assessment of Building Clusters. Elsevier, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-443-21638-1.00017-0.

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Porter, K., and I. Cho. "Characterizing a building class via key features and index buildings for class-level vulnerability functions." In Safety, Reliability, Risk and Life-Cycle Performance of Structures and Infrastructures. CRC Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b16387-79.

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Mezzapelle, Pardo Antonio, and Stefano Lenci. "On the Assessment of the Seismic Vulnerability of Ancient Churches." In Civil and Environmental Engineering. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-9619-8.ch045.

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The chapter deals with the assessment of the seismic vulnerability of the “San Francesco ad Alto” historical masonry building, a former church located in Ancona (Italy), which is currently used as a Regional Headquarter of the Marche Region by the Italian Army. The interest toward this building comes from a double motivation. From the one side, it underwent a series of structural changes, including the addition of a new floor splitting in two levels the original nave, which makes the structure very peculiar and closer to a classical building than to a church. From the other side, it is no longer used as a church, a fact that changes the hazard aspects. The construction schematically consists of two masonry boxes overlapping, the lower being wider than the upper. It has various characteristic structural elements, such as some semicircular arches, segmental arches, timber floors, a barrel vault, some wooden trusses on the roof and steel ties in retention of the facade and of the external walls. The equivalent frame method is used, and several pushover analyses are performed. The seismic action has been defined considering the building both with strategic (current situation) and with ordinary (possible future situation) importance during earthquakes. The role of the masonry spandrels on the response of the structure has been investigated in depth and the main effects highlighted. The result of the pushover analyses is a seismic risk index (IR), that defines the safety level of the construction with respect to one ultimate limit state (SLU), in particular the so-called limit state of “saving life” (SLV).
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Mezzapelle, Pardo Antonio, and Stefano Lenci. "On the Assessment of the Seismic Vulnerability of Ancient Churches." In Handbook of Research on Seismic Assessment and Rehabilitation of Historic Structures. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-8286-3.ch027.

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The chapter deals with the assessment of the seismic vulnerability of the “San Francesco ad Alto” historical masonry building, a former church located in Ancona (Italy), which is currently used as a Regional Headquarter of the Marche Region by the Italian Army. The interest toward this building comes from a double motivation. From the one side, it underwent a series of structural changes, including the addition of a new floor splitting in two levels the original nave, which makes the structure very peculiar and closer to a classical building than to a church. From the other side, it is no longer used as a church, a fact that changes the hazard aspects. The construction schematically consists of two masonry boxes overlapping, the lower being wider than the upper. It has various characteristic structural elements, such as some semicircular arches, segmental arches, timber floors, a barrel vault, some wooden trusses on the roof and steel ties in retention of the facade and of the external walls. The equivalent frame method is used, and several pushover analyses are performed. The seismic action has been defined considering the building both with strategic (current situation) and with ordinary (possible future situation) importance during earthquakes. The role of the masonry spandrels on the response of the structure has been investigated in depth and the main effects highlighted. The result of the pushover analyses is a seismic risk index (IR), that defines the safety level of the construction with respect to one ultimate limit state (SLU), in particular the so-called limit state of “saving life” (SLV).
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Pabotoy, Arlyssa Bianca. "Challenging violence, building a culture of peace : experiences and lessons from the Center for Peace Education-Miriam College." In Leading ethical leaders : higher education institutions, business schools and the sustainable development goals, edited by Jasmin Nario-Galace. Globethics Publications, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.58863/20.500.12424/4278459.

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The Philippines is faced with various threats to peace and security: poverty, economic instability, violent extremism, inequality, war, community, and gender-based violence, among others. In 2020, the country ranked 129th of 163 in the World Peace Index, due primarily to high levels of internal conflict, extrajudicial killings, militarization, and vulnerability to the climate crisis. The Center for Peace Education (CPE)-Miriam College is an advocacy center that promotes the building of a culture of peace through its education, advocacy, women and youth organizing, and networking programs. CPE's theory of change is that reduction of violence and a culture of peace can be achieved when people develop the will to address local and global problems, have the skills to resolve conflicts, and work collaboratively and nonviolently for justice, equality and human dignity. This article describes how peace education, interfaith dialogue, advocacy for arms control and disarmament, and the implementation of the Women, Peace and Security and Youth, Peace and Security Agenda have helped change mindsets and attitudes of indifference, passivity and aggression to those supportive of action that will challenge various forms of violence. Data used were drawn from interviews, project evaluations, surveys, focus group discussions, tracer studies, and personal observations and experiences.
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Conference papers on the topic "Building vulnerability index"

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Ambrassa, Elisa, Alice Comune, Stefano Podestà, Lorenzo Diana, and Pierino Lestuzzi. "Seismic vulnerability assessment of masonry buildings through BIM." In IABSE Symposium, Guimarães 2019: Towards a Resilient Built Environment Risk and Asset Management. International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/guimaraes.2019.1496.

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&lt;p&gt;After destructive earthquakes occurred in Italy between 2009 and 2016, the Italian Parliament approved in 2017 a new version of the Sisma Bonus, which includes Guidelines for the classification of the seismic risk of buildings. In Sisma Bonus, the seismic risk is evaluated through two methods: simplified or detailed. In this paper, the simplified approach is integrated into a Building Information Modelling (BIM) software, Autodesk Revit. The vulnerability assessment of existing masonry buildings is performed following the macroseismic approach (EMS-98). Various masonry-building types are assigned to vulnerability classes with a specific seismic vulnerability index. The procedure proposes to evaluate a final vulnerability index as a quantitative evaluation, instead of the qualitative one by EMS-98. Vulnerability analysis is inserted directly in Revit to create an interaction between BIM and seismic scenarios. Features that characterise each masonry type are inserted into newly created Revit Templates. Two additional modifiers account for mechanical aspects of masonry (mortar quality, transversal connections, etc.) and global building behaviour (vertical and in-plane irregularities, presence of anti-seismic devices, etc.). A flowchart developed in Dynamo automates the vulnerability index calculation using features of the BIM model.&lt;/p&gt;
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Nikolić, Željana, Elena Benvenuti, Luka Runjić, Nenad Mladineo, and Marko Mladineo. "RECENT ADVANCES IN SEISMIC VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF CROATIAN COASTAL URBAN AREA." In 3rd Croatian Conference on Earthquake Engineering. University of Zagreb Faculty of Civil Engineering, 2025. https://doi.org/10.5592/co/3crocee.2025.17.

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The seismic vulnerability assessment of existing urban areas provides fundamental information about the process of reduction of seismic risk in different phases of planning and emergency management. This contribution presents recent advances in seismic vulnerability assessment in Croatian coastal areas at different scales, starting with a detailed analytical approach at the building scale to large-scale assessment at the building level and the level of the homogeneous zones. The investigation was performed in the City of Kaštela, a typical coastal settlement that has expanded over past centuries, resulting in a heterogeneous distribution of the buildings built in periods with different technical regulations. A detailed nonlinear-linear analysis of important buildings (historical, public) has been performed providing evidence of their collapse behaviour. A comprehensive hybrid approach to large-scale seismic risk assessment, combining seismic vulnerability indices with critical PGAs for different limit states, has been applied to define vulnerability curves that allow to relate vulnerability index, damage index and peak ground acceleration. The outcome of this analysis is large-scale risk representation in terms of the damage and seismic risk indexes at the building level. The level of seismic risk to the community depends on several other parameters whose activation reduces the resilience to extraordinary events. Considering the characteristics of the observed pilot site, additional criteria for the risk assessment of homogenous zones are, for instance, communal infrastructure, road network, construction density, inhabitation density, importance factor (public building, school, etc.), and status of protected historical buildings. A methodology for seismic risk assessment of the area at the level of the homogeneous zones is based on Spatial Multi-Criteria Decision Making and the PROMETHEE method. The presented approach for seismic risk assessment has important operational outcomes in the seismic risk management of the investigated area.
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Sarmah, Tanaya, and Sutapa Das. "Determining urvban flood vulnerability using indicator based approach." In 55th ISOCARP World Planning Congress, Beyond Metropolis, Jakarta-Bogor, Indonesia. ISOCARP, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/jimd7993.

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With increase in urbanisation and climate change, urban flood (UF) is becoming more frequent and intense – surpassing other types of flooding in terms of death and damage to critical infrastructure (CI) buildings. Guwahati, gateway to the eight states of north-east India, is prone to recurring UF – three to four times annually. The lack of an urban drainage network has added to the suffering of the residents. A major portion of the building stock are non-engineered and many new constructions are without UF compliance. Considering that the population and buildings are at risk, this research aims to develop a comprehensive UF vulnerability index (UFVI) as a combination of two indices – human vulnerability index (HVI) and building vulnerability index (BVI). Modified on various concepts of vulnerability assessment for hazards in the developing world, the UFVI has been proposed considering inherent hardships related exclusively to UF. For this purpose, in a prior survey conducted in the 31 municipal wards of the city, relevance of the HVI was checked by choosing residents as survey respondents and the BVI will be conducted based on the concept of rapid visual screening (RVS) of buildings. The HVI stratified the population into five tiers (‘very high’ to ‘very low’) and the BVI is expected to stratify the CIs similarly. These two indices will be combined in HAZUS-MH platform to obtain the UFVI ward-wise. This paper puts forward a theoretical explanation of the method that will be incorporated once the BVI is developed and while combining HVI and BVI to develop the UFVI. The composite UFVI that will be obtained will contribute to long-term actions for improving resilience of the existing population and CIs of the city against UF
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Zlateski, Aleksandar, Elena Delova, and Veronika Shendova. "SEISMIC VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF PART OF HISTORIC CENTER OF SKOPJE." In 3rd Croatian Conference on Earthquake Engineering. University of Zagreb Faculty of Civil Engineering, 2025. https://doi.org/10.5592/co/3crocee.2025.75.

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Urban historic centers, consisting mostly of vulnerable unreinforced stone and brick masonry structures constructed without seismic design considerations, experience significant earthquake damage. This paper uses a vulnerability index method to obtain and discuss a pre-earthquake vulnerability assessment of a representative part of Skopje's Old Bazaar. This method calculates a score for each building based on a weighted sum of key parameters related to its seismic response, categorizing them into different vulnerability classes. The vulnerability index has been previously adapted and calibrated to reflect the unique features of Skopje's urban historic center. The research aims to create a seismic vulnerability map for the Bazaar, ultimately safeguarding the urban historic center of Skopje and protecting lives through timely structural assessments and the identification of the most at-risk buildings. The research draws on recent advancements in the field, utilizing calibrated methodologies based on data from past earthquakes and extensive knowledge of the historic buildings in the Old Bazaar. Consequently, the results are sustainable and can be effectively applied to the entire historic center of Skopje, as well as modified for other hazard events in the future.
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Uva, Giuseppina, Valentino Sangiorgio, Pier Luigi Ciampoli, Valeria Leggieri, and Sergio Ruggieri. "A novel rapid survey form for the vulnerability assessment of existing building stock based on the “Index Building” approach." In 2019 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics (SMC). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/smc.2019.8914063.

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LICO, Alessia. "Seismic Vulnerability Assessment of a Building Aggregate in the Historical Centre of Florence." In Mediterranean Architectural Heritage. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644903117-8.

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Abstract. Safeguarding the built heritage represents an urgent challenge for the culture and identity of each country. In Italy, past seismic events have highlighted the vulnerability of historic urban centres, as aggregates of historic masonry buildings. In this work, the seismic vulnerability of the historic centre of Florence, a UNESCO heritage site since 1982, will be investigated in the context of the Vulnerability Index Method, an empirical approach for the vulnerability assessment at the territorial level, proposed by Benedetti and Petrini in 1984, adopted by the Italian Group of Defense from Earthquake in 1993 and integrated by Formisano in 2011 with the key factors linked to the influence of the aggregate layout in the seismic behaviour. In particular, an urban aggregate composed of fourteen masonry in-line buildings (two palaces in the corner and twelve serial intercluded buildings) is considered as a case study. Buildings show a long narrow plan and an internal court and have undergone many transformations throughout history. Historical and typological analysis and material and constructive investigations were carried out to aid in understanding the mechanical behaviour of these buildings. These preliminary analyses allowed us to highlight the specific features and vulnerabilities of the aggregate, such as the presence of an internal court, which was the object of a specific study carried out supported by non-linear FEM investigations. In particular, this study was aimed at understanding how the GNDT form of the Seismic Vulnerability Level II can describe the vulnerability induced by the internal court in the seismic behaviour of the typical historical buildings in the city centre of Florence. First, the parameters of the GNDT form, influenced by the internal court, have been identified. Some considerations are reported by evaluating the results relating to these parameters, obtained for the application of the case study. Subsequently, some possible proposals for integrating the GNDT form were formulated to include the local vulnerability induced by the internal court in the structural behaviour of the typical historical buildings of the UNESCO city centre of Florence.
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Dipasquale, Letizia, Michele Coppola, Laura Mannucci, and Luisa Rovero. "Analysis and regeneration strategies for the abandoned villages of the San-terno valley in Tuscany." In HERITAGE2022 International Conference on Vernacular Heritage: Culture, People and Sustainability. Universitat Politècnica de València, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/heritage2022.2022.14952.

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The historical settlement system of the Mugello mountain in Tuscany is characterised by scattered rural stone villages and houses. In the past these villages housed communities mainly dedicated to the centuries-old cultivation of chestnut. The process of abandonment can be traced back between the 50s and 60s, when the inhabitants left these isolated places to head towards the cities in search of better economic and living conditions. This paper illustrates the research carried out on three abandoned settlements in the municipality of Firenzuola, with particular reference to the Santerno valley. Pratalecchia, Brento Sanico and Castiglioncello were taken as case studies to carry out a typological and constructive analysis, comprising conservation state and vulnerability maps of their vernacular heritage. The first part of the investigation analyzes the context and the environmental resources; identifies the characteristics of the recurring architectural types; and operates a classification of the building techniques. The main classes of stone-masonry types have been recorded. By applying the masonry quality index (IQM) method the mechanical parameters of the masonry types have been determined. In the second part of the research, the conservation state of the buildings have been assessed. According to a risk-based approach, a vulnerability level was determined for each building, considering the quality of the construction elements, the damage degree and the relation with adjacent buildings. The research allowed to outline a first methodological approach in order to plan future intervention priorities and to identify strategies for the sustainable conservation, enhancement and rehabilitation of this architectural heritage. TRANSLATE with x English ArabicHebrewPolishBulgarianHindiPortugueseCatalanHmong DawRomanianChinese SimplifiedHungarianRussianChinese TraditionalIndonesianSlovakCzechItalianSlovenianDanishJapaneseSpanishDutchKlingonSwedishEnglishKoreanThaiEstonianLatvianTurkishFinnishLithuanianUkrainianFrenchMalayUrduGermanMalteseVietnameseGreekNorwegianWelshHaitian CreolePersian // TRANSLATE with COPY THE URL BELOW Back EMBED THE SNIPPET BELOW IN YOUR SITE Enable collaborative features and customize widget: Bing Webmaster Portal Back //
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8

Sijakovic, Milan, and Ana Peric. "Sustainable architecture and urban design: a tool towards resilient built environment." In Post-Oil City Planning for Urban Green Deals Virtual Congress. ISOCARP, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/nmbx1502.

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Simply understood as ‘seeking opportunities out of crises’, resilience seems to be a universal approach to cope with contemporary global challenges, such as changing climate, rapid urbanisation, loss of biodiversity, migrations, etc. As a majority of the current problems are of urban origin – i.e. they emerge in cities, where they also cause significant consequences on people, ecosystems and infrastructures, it is a city and its territorial sub-elements (district, neighbourhood, site, and building) that provide a prolific field for exploring the mechanisms towards resilient governance, planning and design. Under such an overarching agenda of urban resilience, in this paper, we focus on exploring the components of architectural and urban design as a tool for mitigating climate change. More precisely, as carbon dioxide emitted from the built environment is released into the atmosphere at an unprecedented rate, we explore the design patterns that help reduce CO2 emissions to finally lessen the vulnerability index of urban systems. Scrutinising the relationship between the climate change and construction industry, we elucidate the concepts like sustainable construction, green buildings, and design for climate, among others. Finally, through the assessment of the adaptive reuse project in London, this paper identifies strategies of sustainable architectural and urban design aimed at curbing the effects of climate change and helping increase urban resilience.
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9

Roy, S., D. Pujari, and M. Saraswat. "ASSESSMENT OF URBAN ECOSYSTEMS: A STRUCTURED APPROACH TOWARDS BUILDING RESILIENCE TO CLIMATE CHANGE IN INDIAN TOWNS AND CITIES." In The 5th International Conference on Climate Change 2021 – (ICCC 2021). The International Institute of Knowledge Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17501/2513258x.2021.5103.

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The fast-urbanizing Indian cities are grappling with rising ecological challenges. Pollution, water insecurity, urban heat, and flooding have increased the vulnerability of the urban population. There is a need to look at urban settlements as a functioning natural ecosystem delineated by administrative boundaries and to evaluate their health regularly through a comprehensive, easy to adopt, structured approach. This study aims to track and evaluate the ecosystem health of three different categories of urban settlements: a group of metropolitan wards, a growing peripheral city, and an emerging town, through adaption of Pressure- State-Response (PSR) framework developed by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)’. The methodology includes indices-driven change detection of ecosystem components and pressure points on the same, by using spatial and non-spatial data, developing an impact matrix, and prioritized eco plans for action. Increasing built-up surfaces in the peripheral city (11%) and the metropolitan wards (23%) show increased pressure on their ecosystem in the form of reducing pervious surfaces. Increasing water turbidity, land surface temperatures, and aerosol content in the air depict pressure hotspots requiring mitigative, restorative, and preventive action. A significant decrease observed in heavy vegetation in the metropolitan wards (58% in the last 5 years) and an increase in industrial activities and aerosol is observed in conjunction with increasing air temperatures and this points towards an impending change in its livability index due to anthropogenic pressures and climate change. The study concludes that a structured approach can aid in agile and sustainable management of our towns and cities and nature-based solutions provide an opportunity to restore the ecosystem balance. Keywords: Urban Assessment Nature-based solutions, Ecosystem Health, Urban Ecosystem, Urban management
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Feofilovs, Maksims, Francesco Romagnoli, and Rasa Vaiškūnaitė. "INFRASTRUCTURE AND COMMUNITY RESILIENCE METRICS: APPLICATION OF THE HOLISTIC METHOD WITHIN THE LATVIAN CONTEXT." In Conference for Junior Researchers „Science – Future of Lithuania“. VGTU Technika, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/aainz.2016.06.

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Enhancing and building resilient cities represent a contemporary approach on which scientists and policy makers are strengthening cooperation; however, so far quantitative metrics and standards for measuring resilience are still open issues. This must be aimed toward diminishing society’s vulnerability and reducing the likelihood of disasters (both manmade and natural) and their possible effects. The evaluation of metrics within the crisis management should be able to provide a useful tool and enable stakeholders to assess the effectiveness of resilience strategies and their added value is a key factor for building resilient sound communities and infrastructures. Several frameworks and models have been created and proposed to assess and evaluate the resilience of critical infrastructures (CIs) as well as the evaluation of community resilience. Nevertheless, their application is limited to specific case studies, thus showing lack of a robust link with the decision making dimensions. This study examines infrastructure and community resilience to natural hazards in six regions of Latvia: Riga, around Riga region, Kurzeme, Vidzeme, Latgale and Zemgale. The aim of this study is to create a Community disaster resilience index (CDRI) with the application of a holistic indicatorbased model. Based on the literature-based research an initial total list of 86 indicators has been selected for a model representing social, economic, physical, human and environment capital (or resources to be potentially mobilized) and linked by their relevance to the main phases of the disaster resilience dynamics: mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery.
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