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Guan, Wenling, Yutong Wang, and Chengjie Dong. "Risk Assessment Method of Industrial Urban Areas Considering Building Vulnerability." Journal of Civil and Transportation Engineering 2, no. 1 (2025): 32–42. https://doi.org/10.62517/jcte.202506105.
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Industrial accidents may result in injuries and damage to buildings. Buildings as an important category of hazard-bearing bodies in industrial accidents cannot be ignored in regional risk assessment. The purpose of this study is to introduce building vulnerability into the study of hazard-bearing body vulnerability and build a comprehensive vulnerability assessment model of hazard-bearing body. A comprehensive risk assessment method is proposed which considers the accident consequences and the vulnerability of hazard-bearing body. Firstly, an accident scenario was established and accident footprints were spatially displayed using the hazard modeling software ALOHA. Secondly, the building vulnerability is evaluated based on the exposure, sensitivity and adaptability of the buildings. Building density and distance from the accident center are selected into the exposure index layer. Building age, building height, seismic grade of building are selected into the sensitivity index layer. Emergency shelter area and road area are selected into the adaptability index layer. Finally, ArcGIS is used to superimpose accident consequence map and hazard-bearing body vulnerability map to generate comprehensive risk map and realize regional comprehensive risk visualization. This procedure was tested in a small town in China, and the results showed that the inclusion of building vulnerability in the risk assessment system led to more accurate results.
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Lazzali, Farah, and Mohamed N. Farsi. "Vulnerability Index of Algiers Reinforced Concrete Buildings." Advanced Materials Research 685 (April 2013): 228–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.685.228.
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Reinforced Concrete (R/C) buildings experienced major damage in past earthquakes. Structural damage including column cracking, shear failure and collapse, were due to particular conditions, such as: poor member sizing and detailing, soft stories, building irregularity, bounding, bad quality of construction materials and workmanship. Various approaches and methods to assess the seismic vulnerability of buildings were established through examining a damage indicator: “vulnerability index”. In this work, a simplified vulnerability index based on design parameters describing the deficiencies of the structural system is proposed. The global index of each R/C building in the surveyed area is evaluated and normalized.
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DeCaprio, Dave, Joseph Gartner, Carol J. McCall, et al. "Building a COVID-19 vulnerability index." Journal of Medical Artificial Intelligence 3 (December 2020): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/jmai-20-47.
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Honesti, Leli, Muhd Zaimi Abd Majid, Nazwar Djali, Meli Muchlian, and Z. Syofyan. "Development of a Relative Vulnerability Index (RVI) for Estimation of Building Vulnerability towards Tsunami Hazard." MATEC Web of Conferences 215 (2018): 01037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201821501037.
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Tsunami hazard is an adverse event, which causes damage to properties and loss of life. The study on the effects of tsunami hazard on building vulnerability can help establish and improve the resilience of the building. The problem in assessing the building vulnerability towards tsunami hazard is significant whereby available models for assessing the risk are not applicable for buildings in Padang, Indonesia. The study developed a new Relative Vulnerability Index (RVI) model to estimate building vulnerability for assessment the risk. Literature review was carried out with regards to model development. The model was grouped in two categories of vulnerability, namely the Water Inundation (WI) and the Building Vulnerability (BV). The water inundation comprises tsunami inundation factor. Then, the building bulnerability consists of both internal and external factors. Contribution of each factor is 1/3 or 33.33% of the overall weighting of the new RVI scores. The new RVI model has applied a formula of 1/3 water (tsunami) inundation factor + 1/3 internal factor + 1/3 external factor. The total value of all weights put together should be equal to 100. To use the model, it is necessary to investigate two internal and external factors based on the characteristics of a building and specific geographichal feature of an area. In conclusion, this study has successfully developed a new RVI model for building vulnerability towards tsunamis. In comparison to other approaches, the model offers an adaptable methodology for the characteristics of the buildings and spesific geographical features of the area.
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Alam, Md Shaharier, and Shamim Mahabubul Haque. "Seismic vulnerability evaluation of educational buildings of Mymensingh city, Bangladesh using rapid visual screening and index based approach." International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment 11, no. 3 (2020): 379–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijdrbe-07-2019-0043.
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Purpose Seismic vulnerability evaluation of various public structures, especially school buildings, is very crucial for designing hazard mitigation initiatives in seismic prone areas. The city of Mymensingh is at great risk of earthquake because of its geographical location, geological structure and proximity to active faults. The city is famous for its ancient and renowned educational institutes that need to be evaluated for understanding the seismic performance of the building during an earthquake. This study aims to evaluate the seismic vulnerability of educational buildings of Mymensingh city using rapid visual screening (RVS) and index based approach. Design/methodology/approach RVS procedure includes field survey and secondary source assessment for evaluating structural vulnerability attributes. Analytical hierarchy process is applied to develop an index focusing on systematic attributes of vulnerability based on expert opinions. Then, a composite vulnerability map is developed combining both structural and systematic vulnerability score providing an equal weight. Findings This study evaluates the seismic vulnerability of 458 educational buildings of Mymensingh city and the result shows that 23.14% educational building has high, 46.29% has moderate and 26.86% has moderately low and only 3.71% buildings has the low seismic vulnerability. This study expected to be helpful in resource targeting and prioritizing seismic hazard mitigation activities for education buildings of Mymensingh city. Originality/value This study endeavors to present a comprehensive vulnerability assessment method by integrating RVS and index based approach that incorporates both structural and systematic dimensions of vulnerability. The result is expected to be helpful in the formulation of disaster prevention policy for vulnerable educational buildings and development of the earthquake-resistant building codes for the new building construction in Mymensingh city.
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Muhaimin Ridwan Wong, Mohd, Nordila Ahmad, Syamsidik, Anawat Suppasri, and Maidiana Othman. "Multi-indicator building vulnerability index for assessing tsunami-induced building damages." E3S Web of Conferences 340 (2022): 04002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202234004002.
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While relatively uncommon, tsunami typically leads to extreme and devastating impacts to human lives and development at far distances. Various international bodies and academic research have highlighted the importance of understanding risk and its determinants for effective risk management. Currently available methodologies to assess tsunami risk and the effect of vulnerability towards the resulting impact present opportunities for improvement particularly in their adaptability, accuracy and generalisability for pre- and post-disaster applications, as well as across temporal and geographical boundaries. This paper discusses the potential of a methodology to assess tsunami risk for buildings based on their vulnerability level, which in turn is determined through a set of vulnerability indicators. A vulnerability index equation consisting of four indicators namely building materials, number of storeys, coastal protective structures and coastal vegetation was formulated through the Analytical Hierarchy Process. The index is then applied for two major yet distinctly different tsunami events for the purpose of examining potential links between hazard intensity measure, building vulnerability and recorded impacts while also establishing basis for generalisability. While certain correlations can be observed, the findings are still at preliminary stage and thus approaches to further refine the index were proposed.
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Usman Kaoje, Ismaila, Muhammad Zulkarnain Abdul Rahman, Nurul Hazrina Idris, et al. "Physical Flood Vulnerability Assessment using Geospatial Indicator-Based Approach and Participatory Analytical Hierarchy Process: A Case Study in Kota Bharu, Malaysia." Water 13, no. 13 (2021): 1786. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13131786.
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The most devastating flood event in Kota Bharu was recorded in December 2014, which affected several properties worth millions of dollars and thousands of homes. Damage to physical properties, especially buildings, is identified as a significant contributor to flood disasters in Malaysia. Therefore, it is essential to address physical flood vulnerability by developing an integrated approach for modeling buildings’ flood vulnerability to decrease the flood consequences. This study aims at developing a flood vulnerability assessment approach using an indicator-based model (IBM) for individual buildings in Kota Bahru, Kelantan, Malaysia. An intensive literature review and expert opinions were used to determine suitable indicators that contribute to the physical flood vulnerability of buildings. The indicators were grouped into three components, i.e., flood hazard intensity (I), building characteristics (C), and effect of the surrounding environment (E). The indicators were further refined based on expert opinions and Relative Importance Index (RII) analysis. Based on their contribution to the Malaysia local building flood vulnerability, priority weight is assigned by the experts to each of the selected indicators using the participatory Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). A spatial database of buildings in Kota Bharu is developed through field surveys and manually digitizing building footprints from satellite imageries. The identified indicators and their weight are added to each building footprint. The Weighted Linear Combination (WLC) aggregation method combined the weight of indicators into a vulnerability index and maps. The results of a physical flood vulnerability were validated using building damage information obtained through interviews with the community that experienced previous flood in the study area. The result showed that about 98% of the study area’s buildings have either moderate or low vulnerability to flooding. The flood vulnerability map has an overall accuracy of 75.12% and 0.63 kappa statistics. In conclusion, the IBM approach has been used successfully to develop a physical flood vulnerability for buildings in Kota Bharu. The model contributes to support different structural and non-structural approaches in the flood mitigations process.
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Wayih, Nchini Livinus, Mabel Nechia Wantim, Tuhmbom Engelbert Nkwain, and Samuel Ndonwi Ayonghe. "Physical vulnerability assessment and household preparedness of Buea Municipality to seismic hazards from Mount Cameroon Eruptions: A cause for concern." Journal of the Cameroon Academy of Sciences 20, no. 3 (2024): 285–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jcas.v20i3.7.
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Earthquakes associated with volcanic eruptions from Mount Cameroon can impact society and building infrastructures. This study therefore aimed to assess the following: i) the geological features (rock/soil types) and its characteristics in selected localities within Buea municipality; ii) past-eruption/earthquake impact assessment on buildings; iii) physical vulnerability of buildings infrastructure and iv) household preparedness to earthquake hazards. The study utilized a mixed-method approach, combining quantitative and qualitative techniques. Geological characteristics was assessed through site visits across the selected ten localities by physical observation and rock sample collection. Past-eruptions (1959, 1982, 1999, 2000) impacts assessment on buildings and household preparedness to earthquakes were evaluated using structured questionnaires. Building vulnerability was assessed using the ENSURE and the Building Vulnerability Index (BVI) methodology on the following parameters: building state, building materials, house position (single, row, clustered), house age, proximity to volcano and the surrounding soils/rocks. Findings revealed the rock types are predominantly made up of basaltic rocks/ lava, pyroclastic deposits, tuff, lahar deposits and brownish to black loamy soils. Earthquake impact on buildings from the 4 eruptions revealed that localities around the epicenter were the most affected. Physical vulnerability assessment revealed that 35 % of the vulnerable buildings were < 5 years old and were residential buildings. Quantitative analysis of building vulnerability indicated moderate vulnerability to seismic hazards in 50 % of the assessed localities. For household preparedness to volcanic earthquakes: 32.0 % of households had first aid kits and 73.1 % had identified safe evacuation locations. The study revealed that the presence of tuff, soft and loose unconsolidated soils; the position and state of buildings; and the absence of evacuation plans significantly contributed to seismic vulnerability in Buea municipality.
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Kim, Man-Il, and Jae-Hwan Kwak. "Assessment of Building Vulnerability with Varying Distances from Outlet Considering Impact Force of Debris Flow and Building Resistance." Water 12, no. 7 (2020): 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12072021.
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Studies have been conducted to understand the physical characteristics of debris flows and quantitatively assess the vulnerability of the buildings nearby to mitigate damage from debris flow disasters. However, there remains a paucity of research on vulnerability assessments that discuss the impact force of debris flow and building resistance within certain sections, where debris flows spread from an outlet. In this regard, the study assesses the vulnerability of buildings to debris flows while considering the distance from an outlet. For this purpose, it selects the two sites of Chuncheon-shi in Gangwon-do and Cheongju-shi in Chungcheongbuk-do in South Korea, which are widely known for having experienced debris flow damage in 2011 and 2017, respectively. For the sites, the study conducts an inverse analysis through debris flow simulation to understand the physical characteristics of debris flows, including flow depth, flow velocity, and impact force. Then, the study assesses vulnerability by estimating the resistance of the materials of the buildings placed in the range where debris flows spread, which allows the calculation of a vulnerability index that a building material may have and the estimation of a safety distance from the outlet for each material of the buildings in the study sites. The result shows that with an increasing distance from the outlet, the flow depth, velocity, and impact force, which represent debris flow properties, tend to decrease. This again results in vulnerability being gradually reduced. The study also suggests that buildings are exposed to the risk of debris flow disasters at a sections 40 to 60 m from an outlet for wood material construction, 70 to 110 m for brick-masonry material construction, and all sections from an outlet for prefabricated material construction. Based on this result, the vulnerability index is estimated for the wood material (0.85), brick-masonry material (0.58), and prefabricated material (0.003).
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Putra, Rusnardi Rahmat, Junji Kiyono, Yusuke Ono, and Dezy Saputra. "Seismic Performance Assessment of Sustainable Shelter Building Using Microtremor Method." Civil Engineering Journal 10, no. 11 (2024): 3542–53. https://doi.org/10.28991/cej-2024-010-11-06.
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The increasing intensity of earthquakes in West Sumatra could trigger megathrust earthquakes and tsunamis at the inter-plate in the Mentawai Islands. Building assessments are necessary to determine their vulnerability to predicted earthquakes. The target is a four-story building that serves as an education building and vertical evacuation. This research proposes a complete vulnerability assessment method using single microtremor observations, and the results are used to determine seismic building performance. The natural frequency is derived from the spectral analysis of the horizontal components (NS and EW) for each level, and we considered the largest earthquake peak ground motion (PGA) in this region to be the September 30, 2009, Padang earthquake (PGA 380 gals as ground motion input). We calculated the resonance index, seismic vulnerability index, and damping ratio. The results show that the resonance index of the structure is less than 1, the vulnerability index of the UNP Faculty of Economics building ɤ > (1/100-1/200) and is 1/234 to 1/699 for the x direction and 1/207 to 1/709 for the y direction; the average damping ratio is <5% for both directions (x, y) and RDM and FSR relationship is 0.78 and 0.69 for x and y respectively. The overall findings indicate that the structural response of the evaluated buildings falls within the 'slight' damage category during seismic events. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-11-06 Full Text: PDF
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Prastowo, Rizqi, and Urip Nurwijayanto Prabowo. "EVALUASI KERENTANAN GEDUNG REKTORAT STTNAS TERHADAP GEMPA BUMI BERDASARKAN ANALISIS MIKROTREMOR." Angkasa: Jurnal Ilmiah Bidang Teknologi 9, no. 1 (2017): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.28989/angkasa.v9i1.113.
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STTNAS building is a five floor building that located in the city o f Yogyakarta which is an area with a high intensity earthquake occurrence. The purpose o f this study is (1) determine the value o f the natural frequencies o f the building, (2) determine the index o f the resonance o f the building and (3) the vulnerability o f buildings to earthquakes. Research will be done by measuring the microtremor wave o f building STTNAS then analyzed using Spectral Floor Ratio (FSR). The analysis result is then compared with the classification defined in ISO 2002 on building resilience planning procedures earthquake. Fekuensi natural on the east-west component is 1.64 Hz and the north-south component is 1.644 Hz that is in conformity with the ISO 2002. Resonance Index o f building STTNAS is ranging from 31.00081 to 35.883% thus including the low category resonance during an earthquake. Building of STTNAS vulnerability index ranges are between 103,670.6191 to 82526.5357 with the highest value found on the 4th floor.
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NAKHAEI, Jalal, Mahdi BITARAFAN, Shahin LALE AREFI, and Oleg KAPLIŃSKI. "MODEL FOR RAPID ASSESSMENT OF VULNERABILITY OF OFFICE BUILDINGS TO BLAST USING SWARA AND SMART METHODS (A CASE STUDY OF SWISS RE TOWER)." JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 22, no. 6 (2016): 831–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2016.1189457.
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Accidental and intentional explosions are incidents often destroying buildings and leaving casualties. As a result of these blasts all over the world, demand of safe constructions with less vulnerability to explosions is rising. A large number of office buildings are built each year in many countries, housing large numbers of staff and clients, and due to specific nature and function, activities and services, these buildings are usually centrally located. Their architectural form being vital, therefore the article attempts, firstly, to present indices depicting the building form from the viewpoint of vulnerability to explosion. Secondly, the article presents such indexes as: capability to reduce blast effects, economic factors, simplicity of implementation, relationship among spaces in the crisis condition, and creating the least unusable space. The model of rapid assessment of vulnerability of office buildings forms to blast, SMART (simple multi attribute ranking technique) procedure is used and, applying the SWARA method, the weight of each major index and sub-index is arrived at. The model presented in the paper shows the assessment systems using figures between zero and a hundred, and four levels of vulnerability: weak, medium, good and excellent. The closer the figure to a hundred, the lower the vulnerability of the office building forms to blast. Swiss Re Tower case study was presented in the article rating of vulnerability of this building against explosion. It was found to be equal to 62.11%, and its standing was at medium level.
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Pohan, Ahmad Fauzi, Yunita Putri, Nopra Algusduri, et al. "Vulnerability Analysis of Andalas University Library Building Using Microtremor HVSR Method." Journal of the Physical Society of Indonesia 1, no. 1 (2025): 36–44. https://doi.org/10.35895/jpsi.1.1.36-44.2025.
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This research aims to analyze the vulnerability of the Andalas University Library UPT Building which is located in an earthquake-prone area using the microtremor HVSR method. Measurements were taken at 20 points on each floor of the building to determine the natural frequency value, amplification factor, and seismic vulnerability index. The results show that the natural frequency values have a stable distribution pattern on most floors, with small variations on certain floors due to mass distribution or structural stiffness. The highest amplification values were found on floors 2 and 3, indicating the potential for local resonance. The highest seismic vulnerability index is on floor 2 with values up to 750, indicating the need for more attention to the design and structural strength of that floor. The HVSR method proved effective in analyzing the dynamic characteristics and potential vulnerability of buildings to earthquakes, providing important information for risk mitigation in disaster-prone areas.
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Browning, Trevor, and Derek Sawyer. "Risk Factors for building Tropical Erosion and Deposition Vulnerability Index doi:10.1038/s41598-020-79402-y." Scientific Reports 11 (January 15, 2021): 885. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-79402-y.
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These data were generated to build the first vulnerability index to combine watershed erosion and coastal deposition across the entirety of the tropics (+/- 23.5 degrees). All datasets used were open source either raster or vector files that span that range. These datasets were reclassified to build the Erosion Vulnerability Index as well as the Erosion and Deposition Vulnerability Index doi:10.1038/s41598-020-79402-y
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Ripepe, Maurizio, Giorgio Lacanna, Pauline Deguy, Mario de Stefano, Valentina Mariani, and Marco Tanganelli. "Large-Scale Seismic Vulnerability Assessment Method for Urban Centres. An Application to the City of Florence." Key Engineering Materials 628 (August 2014): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.628.49.
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The seismic vulnerability assessment of a building requires a comprehensive knowledge of both building structural features and soils geophysical parameters. To achieve a vulnerability assessment at the urban scale a large amount of data would be necessary, with a consequent involvement of time and economical resources. The aim of this paper is hence to propose a simplified procedure to evaluate the seismic vulnerability of urban centres and possible seismic damage scenarios in order to identify critical areas and/or building typologies to plan future actions of seismic risk mitigation and prevention. The procedure is applied to the outstanding case study of the city of Florence. The research is based on the definition of major building typologies related to construction periods and type of the structural system (masonry or reinforced concrete), the identification of a set of sample buildings, the analysis of the dynamic behaviour and the evaluation of a vulnerability index with an expeditious approach. The obtained results allow to define potential vulnerability and post-event damage scenarios related to the expected levels of peak ground acceleration.
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Song, Chang-Ho, Ji-Sung Lee, DUY NGUYEN HO HONG, and Yun-Tae Kim. "Development of Physical Vulnerability Curve based on Debris Flow Events." Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation 23, no. 4 (2023): 185–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.9798/kosham.2023.23.4.185.
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In recent years, owing to climate change various slope disasters are rising. Debris flow causes large damage to human life and social infrastructure. Generally, the vulnerability assessment of slope disasters is carried out using vulnerability curve, which consists of hazard intensity and damage index. A vulnerability curve needs to be highly reliable. In this study, GIS-based topographical characteristics and the information about 27 debris flow events that occurred between 2011 and 2020 were collected and analyzed. The hazard intensity of the debris flow events was evaluated considering entrainment of soils and buildings. Two types of buildings, non-reinforced concrete structure (non-RC) and reinforced concrete structure (RC frame) were classified into four types of vulnerability indices (slight, moderate, extensive, and complete) based on the degree of damage to the building. The relationship between the hazard intensity and the degree of damage to the building was studied through nonlinear regression analysis to derive a vulnerability curve according to the hazard intensity. The proposed vulnerability curve can be used as fundamental data for the vulnerability assessment of landslide disasters.
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Chukwu, Okeah G.O, and C.K Ojukwu. "Analysis of Water Poverty and Vulnerability to Water Scarcity in Selected Local Government Areas of Ebonyi State Using Water Poverty and Vulnerability Index." International Journal of Ground Sediment & Water 20 (November 3, 2024): 1423–32. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14025301.
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<strong>Abstract:</strong> The study was carried out in selected Local Government Areas in Ebonyi State, purposely to examine vulnerability to water scarcity in the area using the vulnerability index. The study made use of Abakiliki, Ohaukwu, Ishelu, ikwo, Ohaozara, and Onicha Local Government areas as the study L.G. A’s, This study adopted the Vulnerability Index (VI) methodology to determine the vulnerability to water scarcity, after Kusumartono and Rizal (2019) in the determination of water scarcity vulnerability in some small Islands in Indonesia. The result of the study indicates that the explanations of the water poverty index (WPI) are consistent with the Vulnerability Index determination. Both indices showed that the state is vulnerable to water scarcity with an overall VI score of 0.495, indicating a mid-level vulnerability, and a WPI score of 47.11, indicating an unsafe water poverty status. The study however concludes that the state’s vulnerability index is ranked at mid-level vulnerability and therefore recommends that Community leaders and household heads should make deliberate efforts to engage Government and Non-Government representatives for support in capacity building on training of skilled manpower to support the operation and maintenance of water supply facilities, water preservation, treatment, and conservation techniques within the study area to empower households to ensure effective management of water resources. <strong>Keywords:</strong> Vulnerability, Water, Scarcity, Ebonyi State, Vulnerability Index. © International Journal of Ground Sediment & Water, © Sun Jichao, The website is Web1: https://ijgsw.eu.org/ Web2: https://ijgsw.net/
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Maldonado Rondón, Esperanza, Iván Dario Gómez Araujo, and Gustavo Chio Cho. "Simulating vulnerability functions and seismic damage probability matrix for reinforced concrete frame buildings." Ingeniería e Investigación 28, no. 3 (2008): 28–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/ing.investig.v28n3.15117.
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This paper outlines vulnerability functions and seismic damage probability matrixes being constructed for reinforced concrete frame buildings. These functions and matrixes were based on simulation techniques and experts’ opinion. The proposed functions and matrixes relate a building’s vulnerability to the level of damage which might be incurred, depending on an earthquake’s motion. Vulnerability was defined by estimating an index proposed by expert opinion. Damage was defined by means of a da mage index depending on nonlinear static analysis. Simulation techniques were used for constructing hypothetical buildings and thereby to building the functions and matrixes. Such buildings represented the typical characteristics of Colombian cities’ reinforced concrete frame system (Bucaramanga for example). A set of tools was made for constructing and applying these functions and matrixes, allowing us to determine the level of seismic damage by using the buildings’ characteristics for specific seismic action.
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Kassem, Moustafa Moufid, and Fadzli Mohamed Nazri. "EDITORIAL SCOPE: BEYOND RESILIENCE – INDEX FOR THE NEXT-GENERATION OF SEISMIC VULNERABILITY FOR RC STRUCTURE." Journal of Civil Engineering, Science and Technology 15, no. 2 (2024): 90–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.33736/jcest.7804.2024.
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Seismic vulnerability assessment has become an indispensable tool in earthquake engineering, especially for reinforced concrete (RC) structures, which are prevalent in urbanized regions worldwide. In this editorial note, we expand on key contributions from recent papers published in the Journal of Building Engineering and Journal of Earthquake Engineering, merging these insights with findings from the book "Seismic Vulnerability Index Assessment Framework of RC Structures." Together, these works form a cohesive narrative around the development of a more refined and globally applicable Seismic Vulnerability Index (SVI) framework for RC structures. Moreover, this editorial note discusses the advancements in the seismic vulnerability assessment of RC buildings through the development of an SVI methodology. This methodology uses advanced nonlinear parametric analyses to quantify the seismic vulnerability of RC buildings, contributing significantly to disaster risk reduction efforts. Thus, the contribution lies in developing improved methodologies for assessing seismic vulnerability and quantifying seismic risk, ultimately aiding in enhancing earthquake resilience. This comprehensive framework is globally applicable, adaptable to any geographical region, and suitable for a wide range of structural types and systems.
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Ilham, Ilham. "Vulnerability Analysis of Rectorate Building of UIN Mataram against Earthquakes Based on Microtremor Data." BERKALA SAINSTEK 11, no. 1 (2023): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/bst.v11i1.34115.
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Lombok Earthquake in 2018 caused several damages to buildings, including buildings at UIN Mataram. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out mitigation efforts to reduce losses caused by the earthquake. This study aims to analyze the level of vulnerability of the Rectorate Building of UIN Mataram based on microtremor data. Microtremor signal recording was performed using a 3-component Digital Portable Seismograph, type TDL 303S with a Feedback Short Period Seismometer sensor type DS-4A, GPS, and Laptop. The recording time for each measurement point was 40 minutes with a sampling rate of 100 Hz. The natural frequency of the Rectorate Building of UIN Mataram is 4.15 Hz for the N-S component, and 4.05 Hz for the E-W component. The natural frequency of the Rectorate Building is following the SNI (2002) standard. The resonance index value of the Rectorate Building with the surrounding land is in a low category so that the Rectorate Building is classified as safe against earthquakes. The highest building Vulnerability Index is on the 3rd floor of the Rectorate building, especially in the south wing. For disaster mitigation, the 3rd floor can be converted as a room with minimal staff to reduce the possibility of casualties in the event of an earthquake in the future.
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Usman Kaoje, Ismaila, Muhammad Zulkarnain Abdul Rahman, Tze Huey Tam, Mohd Radhie Mohd Salleh, Nurul Hazrina Binti Idris, and Abdullah Hisam Omar. "An Indicator-Based Approach for Micro-Scale Assessment of Physical Flood Vulnerability of Individual Buildings." International Journal of Built Environment and Sustainability 8, no. 2 (2021): 23–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/ijbes.v8.n2.700.
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The current trends of floods event in many countries are alarming. Hence, managing flood and the associated risk are crucial in order to reduce the loss and to be well prepared for the combined impact of urbanization and climate changes. The best approach to manage flood activities is a risk-based approach, where the vulnerability of elements at risk is reduced to a minimum. There is a significant number of studies that use an indicator-based approach for flood vulnerability assessment with focus on the macro-scale. However, this paper assesses physical flood vulnerability of buildings at micro-scale using an indicator-based method in Kota Bharu, Malaysia. The region is one of the most flood affected regions in Malaysia. Micro-scale vulnerability assessment considers damages for individual buildings at risk, rather than in aggraded manner. In this study, the methodology adopted involve the use of 1D-2D SOBEK flood modelling, the selection and weightage of indicators, development of spatial based building index and, production of building vulnerability maps. The findings demonstrate the physical pattern of flood vulnerability of buildings at a micro-scale. The approach can assist in flood management planning and risk mitigation at a local scale
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Papathoma-Köhle, Maria, Ahmadreza Ghazanfari, Roland Mariacher, Werner Huber, Timo Lücksmann, and Sven Fuchs. "Vulnerability of Buildings to Meteorological Hazards: A Web-Based Application Using an Indicator-Based Approach." Applied Sciences 13, no. 10 (2023): 6253. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13106253.
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Recent events have demonstrated the devastating impact of meteorological hazards on buildings and infrastructure. The possible effects of climate change on their frequency and intensity but also the rise in the value of assets may increase future risks significantly. It is crucial, therefore, for decision-makers to analyze these risks, focusing on the vulnerability of the built environment to reduce future consequences and the associated costs. However, limited studies focus on the vulnerability of buildings to meteorological hazards. The aim of the present paper is to introduce an indicator-based vulnerability assessment approach for buildings subject to three meteorological hazards (windstorms, heavy rainfall, and hail). The selection of vulnerability indicators (e.g., material, roof shape, etc.) was based on a thorough literature review. The results of an expert survey were analyzed using M-MACBETH software, and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used to weigh each indicator according to the expert opinions and to aggregate them into an index. A web-based application was developed that gives homeowners and other end-users the opportunity to assess the vulnerability of specific buildings by indicating the municipality, the building type, and other building characteristics. The web-application is publicly available and free of charge. The resulting index is a valuable tool for decision-makers, homeowners, authorities, and insurance companies. However, the availability of empirical damage data from real events could contribute to enhancing the performance of the presented approach.
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Nikolić, Željana, Luka Runjić, Nives Ostojić Škomrlj, and Elena Benvenuti. "Seismic Vulnerability Assessment of Historical Masonry Buildings in Croatian Coastal Area." Applied Sciences 11, no. 13 (2021): 5997. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11135997.
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(1) Background: The protection of built heritage in historic cities located in seismically active areas is of great importance for the safety of inhabitants. Systematic care and planning are necessary to detect the seismic vulnerability of buildings, in order to determine priorities in rehabilitation projects and to continuously provide funds for the reconstruction of the buildings. (2) Methods: In this study, the seismic vulnerability of the buildings in the historic center of Kaštel Kambelovac, a Croatian settlement located along the Adriatic coast, has been assessed through an approach based on the calculation of vulnerability indexes. The center consists of stone masonry buildings built between the 15th and 19th centuries. The seismic vulnerability method was derived from the Italian GNDT approach, with some modifications resulting from the specificity of the buildings in the investigated area. A new damage–vulnerability–peak ground acceleration relation was developed using the vulnerability indexes and the yield and collapse accelerations of buildings obtained through non-linear static analysis. (3) Results: A seismic vulnerability map, critical peak ground accelerations for early damage and collapse states, and damage index maps for two return periods have been predicted using the developed damage curves. (4) Conclusions: The combination of the vulnerability index method with non-linear pushover analysis is an effective tool for assessing the damage of a building stock on a territorial scale.
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Ortiz, Rocío, Juan Manuel Macias-Bernal, and Pilar Ortiz. "Vulnerability and buildings service life applied to preventive conservation in cultural heritage." International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment 9, no. 1 (2018): 31–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijdrbe-11-2016-0047.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present research on vulnerability and service life indexes applied to cultural heritage buildings. The construction and rehabilitation industry is concerned with the maintenance of monuments and reducing the economic costs of urgent interventions by taking preventive conservation action in historic cities. By applying a vulnerability index or analyzing the service life of buildings, it is possible to reduce risk and optimize the identification, evaluation and prioritization of urgent monument restoration tasks in a city or a region to establish preventive conservation policies. Design/methodology/approach This research sets out the concepts of vulnerability and service life, focusing on their methodologies in comparison with other techniques for building diagnosis, discussing the differences between indexes that measure the vulnerability and service life of buildings. Findings The vulnerability of three churches in Seville (Spain) was studied by means of their vulnerability index, based on Delphi analysis, and the service life of these buildings was also assessed, based on artificial intelligence tools. Delphi and artificial intelligence tools allow us to compare and dovetail different scenarios and expert opinions. The degree of each monument’s conservation is defined as its vulnerability index, which is an indirect function of deterioration levels. The service life of buildings, on the other hand, includes the assessment of vulnerability and hazards. Practical implications This study is useful for stakeholders, including small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and policymakers, as an important reference on diagnosis, including updated, inexpensive and sustainable methodologies to manage the conservation of monuments, which are easy to implement in developed and developing countries. The application of vulnerability and/or service life indicators is crucial to ensuring the sustainability and improvement of maintenance carried out on cultural heritage buildings. Originality/value This study details new approaches based on artificial intelligence and Delphi analysis to prioritize preventive conservation actions in a city or region.
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Li, Jinjin, Lan Luo, and Zhangsheng Liu. "Vulnerability Assessment of the Prefabricated Building Supply Chain Based on Set Pair Analysis." Buildings 15, no. 5 (2025): 722. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15050722.
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In recent years, the disruption of the prefabricated building supply chain has led to increased construction period delays and cost overruns, limiting the development and popularization of prefabricated buildings in China. Therefore, this study established a vulnerability evaluation index system for the prefabricated building supply chain using the driving force–pressure–state–impact–response (DPSIR) framework. We employed the intuitionistic fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (IFAHP), the projection pursuit (PP) model, and variable weight theory to determine the indicator weights. The IFAHP was utilized to reduce the subjectivity in weight assignment and to obtain the degree of membership, non-membership, and hesitation of experts in evaluating the importance of indicators. The PP model was used to determine objective weights based on the structure of the evaluation data, and variable weight theory was applied to integrate subjective and objective weights according to management needs. We utilized Set Pair Analysis (SPA) to establish a vulnerability evaluation model for the building supply chain, treating evaluation data and evaluation levels as a set pair. By analyzing the degree of identity, difference, and opposition of the set pair, we assessed and predicted the vulnerability of the building supply chain. Taking the Taohua Shantytown project in Nanchang as a case study, the results showed that the primary index with the greatest influence on the vulnerability of the prefabricated building supply chain was the driving force, with a weight of 0.2692, followed by the secondary indices of market demand and policy support, with weights of 0.0753 and 0.0719, respectively. The project’s average vulnerability rating was moderate (Level III), and it showed an improvement trend. During the project’s implementation, the total cost overrun of the prefabricated building supply chain was controlled within 5% of the budget, the construction period delay did not exceed 7% of the plan, and the rate of production safety accidents was below the industry average. The results demonstrated that the vulnerability assessment method for the prefabricated building supply chain based on SPA comprehensively and objectively reflected the vulnerability of the supply chain. It is suggested to improve the transparency and flexibility of the supply chain, strengthen daily management within the supply chain, and enhance collaboration with supply chain partners to reduce vulnerability.
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Karbassi, Amin, and Marie-José Nollet. "Development of an index assignment procedure compatible with the regional seismicity in the province of Quebec for the rapid visual screening of existing buildings." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 35, no. 9 (2008): 925–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l08-041.
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In the context of the seismic vulnerability evaluation of buildings, the score assignment method can be used as the first step of a multiphase procedure aimed at identifying hazardous buildings that must then be analysed in greater detail. Because the existing Canadian rapid visual screening procedure has not been updated since 1992, a new procedure is proposed based on a set of vulnerability indices for different cities in the province of Quebec. A seismicity level (low, moderate, or high) is attributed to each city using the spectral acceleration response values included in the 2005 edition of National building code of Canada (NBCC) and the criteria proposed in FEMA 310 Handbook for the seismic evaluation of buildings - a prestandard. The structural vulnerability indices (SVIs) are calculated using the recently improved nonlinear static analysis procedure in FEMA 440, Improvement of nonlinear static seismic analysis procedures for each seismicity level. The NBCC 2005 reference soil class C is considered in the calculation of the SVIs, and index modifiers for the building height, irregularities, and design and construction year. The application of these indices to the estimation of the probable damage distribution in building inventories is discussed at the end.
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Dall'Osso, F., M. Gonella, G. Gabbianelli, G. Withycombe, and D. Dominey-Howes. "Assessing the vulnerability of buildings to tsunami in Sydney." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 9, no. 6 (2009): 2015–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-9-2015-2009.
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Abstract. Australia is vulnerable to the impacts of tsunamis and exposure along the SE coast of New South Wales is especially high. Significantly, this is the same area reported to have been affected by repeated large magnitude tsunamis during the Holocene. Efforts are under way to complete probabilistic risk assessments for the region but local government planners and emergency risk managers need information now about building vulnerability in order to develop appropriate risk management strategies. We use the newly revised PTVA-3 Model (Dall'Osso et al., 2009) to assess the relative vulnerability of buildings to damage from a "worst case tsunami" defined by our latest understanding of regional risk – something never before undertaken in Australia. We present selected results from an investigation of building vulnerability within the local government area of Manly – an iconic coastal area of Sydney. We show that a significant proportion of buildings (in particular, residential structures) are classified as having "High" and "Very High" Relative Vulnerability Index scores. Furthermore, other important buildings (e.g., schools, nursing homes and transport structures) are also vulnerable to damage. Our results have serious implications for immediate emergency risk management, longer-term land-use zoning and development, and building design and construction standards. Based on the work undertaken here, we recommend further detailed assessment of the vulnerability of coastal buildings in at risk areas, development of appropriate risk management strategies and a detailed program of community engagement to increase overall resilience.
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Choi, Seung Hun, Hee Jung Ham, and Sungsu Lee. "Assessment of Building Vulnerability Index for Natural Disaster Risk Analysis." Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation 19, no. 5 (2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.9798/kosham.2019.19.5.1.
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Rivera, Martínez W. "EVALUATION OF THE SEISMIC VULNERABILITY OF COLONIAL TYPOLOGY HOUSES IN CARTAGENA DE INDIAS, COLOMBIA." GLOBAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCE AND RESEARCHES 6, no. 3 (2019): 117–25. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2610860.
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This research evaluated the seismic vulnerability of a group of colonial houses in the historical center of Cartagena using a vulnerability index qualitative method. The study consisted of a review and application of the parameters that make up the method, an analysis of historical-architectural background, a detailed visual inspection and a photographic record, developing a descriptive-type research. The sample consisted in the identification of the 100most representative and predominant colonial houses in the three districts that conform the historical center of Cartagena (Centro, San Diego and Getsemaní),taking 5 for each district; 42 of them were grouped as low houses (LH) and 58 as high houses (HH). The vulnerability index below 15% is established as low, between 15% and 35% as medium, and greater than 35% as high. The results showed the average index for Centro district is 30.54% (medium vulnerability), for San Diego district 40.35% (high vulnerability) and for Getsemaní district 33.42% (medium vulnerability). As conclusion, for the intervention of any colonial house in Cartagena is necessary to make a seismic vulnerability quantitative analysis, supported in a pathological study to qualify the building state, typify the lesions and based in engineering parameters, apply the Colombian Regulation of Earthquake Resistant Construction NSR-10.
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Arif, W., and I. G. Craifaleanu. "Assessment of the Seismic Vulnerability of a Multi-storey RC Structure with Plan Irregularity: A Case Study." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1185, no. 1 (2023): 012021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1185/1/012021.
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Abstract A nine-story reinforced concrete dual system (wall-frame) building located in Bucharest, categorized as plan-asymmetric and designed according to the provisions of Romanian and European codes was studied. The criteria for regularity in plan were verified comparatively according to three codes (Eurocode 8, ASCE 7-16 and the Romanian seismic design code P100-1-2013). The seismic behaviour of the studied building was further investigated by detailed nonlinear static analyses (pushover) and nonlinear dynamic analyses performed on the 3-D building model, for various load patterns and spectrum-compatible ground motion records, respectively. The seismic vulnerability of the building was estimated based on the structural vulnerability index, determined from the nonlinear analyses. The study highlighted the significant effects of the overall torsion on the investigated parameters, in particular on interstory drifts and roof displacements, but also on the seismic vulnerability index.
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Biglari, Mahnoosh, Marijana Hadzima-Nyarko, and Antonio Formisano. "Seismic Damage Index Spectra Considering Site Acceleration Records: The Case Study of a Historical School in Kermanshah." Buildings 12, no. 10 (2022): 1736. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12101736.
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The frequency content and time duration of earthquakes are as effective as the peak ground acceleration on structural damage. Therefore, using rapid seismic vulnerability assessment methods that consider the earthquake acceleration time history is noticeable. Kermanshah is a historical city that is generally affected by far-field earthquakes. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the effect of the low-frequency shocks in evaluating the vulnerability of buildings in this city. Herein, a historic school in Kermanshah is assumed as a case study and two well-known damage index formulas are used for determining the damage index spectra of this structure, considered as a single degree of freedom system. Then, the effective parameters of the damage index, including ductility, relative degradation of stiffness, and dissipated energy are determined from a nonlinear analysis of the structure under the effect of the most probable earthquake acceleration records. Finally, the damage index spectra can be used for rapid seismic vulnerability assessment of masonry buildings on similar sites with various fundamental periods for large-scale assessments. The result shows that the building tends to collapse at a peak ground acceleration of 0.15 g. Furthermore, results confirm the seismic resistance reduction effect of flexible floors.
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Shakya, Manjip. "GNDT II level approach for seismic vulnerability assessment of Unreinforced Masonry (URM) building stock." Journal of Science and Engineering 3 (December 1, 2015): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jsce.v3i0.22384.
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Unreinforced Masonry (URM) structures, such as historic buildings, traditional buildings and ordinary buildings, exist all over the world and constitute a relevant part of the cultural heritage of humanity. Their protection against earthquakes is a topic of great concern among the earthquake engineering research community. This concern mainly arises from the strong damage or complete loss suffered by these types of structures when subjected to earthquake and also from the need and interest to preserve them as a built heritage.
 This paper initially presents a methodology for assessing the seismic vulnerability of URM buildings based on vulnerability index evaluation approach. Moreover, this paper presents the correlation between vulnerability index and Macroseismic method to estimate the physical damage in relationship with seismic intensity. Finally, presents implementation of the methodology to construct vulnerability curves, fragility curves and estimate losses.
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Fang, Qi, Shuguang Liu, Guihui Zhong, Hong Zhang, Jiyu Liang, and Yiwei Zhen. "Nonlinear Simulation and Vulnerability Analysis of Masonry Structures Impacted by Flash Floods." Shock and Vibration 2021 (March 22, 2021): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6682234.
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The vulnerability of buildings impacted by flash floods is often assessed by empirical approaches. However, the damage-developing mechanisms of buildings remain unclear. This study presented a nonlinear numerical analysis for the interaction between flash floods and masonry structures. A new Structured ALE (S-ALE) solver in an explicit finite element platform LS-DYNA was applied. Thirty different scenarios, including two different FE models, three different water depths, and five different flow velocities, were studied. Nonlinear structural responses and failure mechanisms of masonry structures were analyzed and compared. Results showed that due to the consideration of wall damage, the time evolution of the impact force on the entire building was distributed in a multipeak pattern. Under the impact of flash floods, the building was in a complex bending-shear state, and the overturning moment was the principal reason for the building damage. The critical role played by the structural measure was reaffirmed. Moreover, the physical vulnerability was quantified through a macroscopic damage index, the lateral drift ratio of the ground floor. It can be concluded that the physical vulnerability depends on both the local structural strength (local view) and the structural resistance hierarchies (global view).
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Kusuma Dewi, Ira, Ichy Lucya Resta, Sarwo Sucitra Amin, et al. "ANALISIS KERENTANAN TANAH FAKULTAS SAINS DAN TEKNOLOGI UNIVERSITAS JAMBI DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN DATA MIKROTREMOR." JOURNAL ONLINE OF PHYSICS 9, no. 1 (2023): 109–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.22437/jop.v9i1.28788.
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Research has been carried out to carry out soil vulnerability analysis at the Faculty of Science and Technology, Jambi University. The construction of buildings at the Faculty of Science and Technology has necessitated an analysis of the vulnerability of the land around the buildings at the Faculty of Science and Technology. Based on the regional geology in this area, the Muara Enim formation (TMPM) is formed in the Tertiary age which is composed of rocks from interbedded tuffaced sandstones with tuffaced mudstones, interbedded quartz sandstones with quartz mudstones, interbedded with coal and iron oxide. The rocks formed in this formation are a type of sedimentary rock. To carry out soil vulnerability analysis, the HVSR method is applied to measure microtremors. Microtremors are a geophysical method that uses very small and continuous ground vibrations. This HVSR method is a passive seismic method using three components, namely 2 horizontal components and 1 vertical component. Microtremor measurements on the ground were carried out at 6 points around the building. The results obtained from microtremor measurements using the HVSR method are the natural frequency (f0), amplification factor (A0) and Seismic Vulnerability Index (Kg). The natural frequency (f0) value ranges from 1.30-1.82 Hz, the amplification factor (A0) value ranges from 1.69 - 3.28 times and the seismic vulnerability index (kg) value ranges from 1.814167 to 5.948834 x 10^-6 s^2/cm. Based on the Kanai classification, a frequency value < 2.5 HZ includes soil type IV and soil type II with Alluvial Rock lithology formed from delta sedimentation, top soil, mud. With a depth of 30 meters or more. This area has a very thick surface sediment, more than 30 meters. Based on the classification according to Setiawan, the amlification factor is classified as low (A0<3) to medium (3<A0<6). A low to moderate amplification factor indicates that the rock that makes it up is compact/hard. Based on the Refrizon Classification, the Seismic Vulnerability Index value is in the low (kg<3) to medium (3<kg<6) category. The seismic vulnerability index is low to medium, meaning that if a shock occurs there will be no damage because the vulnerability value is medium - low. Based on these three parameters, it can be concluded that the land around the FST building is still classified as safe from shocks.
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Nurisra, Sugiarto, Mubarak, C. Z. Oktaviani, and Fachrurrazi. "Organizational factors affecting supply chain vulnerability of building project." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1356, no. 1 (2024): 012102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1356/1/012102.
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Abstract The project construction supply chain can be particularly vulnerable to disruptive events because of the dispersed nature of temporary project teams and the unpredictability of the operating environment. Supply chain vulnerabilities are the fundamental elements that leave the business subject to disruption. It is necessary to identify the vulnerabilities in the supply chain before attempting to improve its resilience. This study proposes to identify the primary causes of organizational vulnerability in the supply chain of construction projects based on these problems. The study focuses on medium-sized and large construction companies that work on building projects in Aceh Province between 2018 and 2022. This study used a data collection technique by distributing questionnaires to contractor companies involved in construction projects. The primary data collection was analyzed using descriptive analysis and the Relative Importance Index (RII) method. The results obtained show that management vulnerability is the main vulnerable factor in the organization of the supply chain of construction projects, with the highest index being delayed in information and decision-making with an RII value of 0.9118. The findings of this study may be useful to contractor firms in managing the construction project supply chain.
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Shripurwar, Swarup, P. B. Patil, Nikhil Pitale, and S. Sanghai. "Comparative vulnerability analysis of structure with sand and soft soil." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1197, no. 1 (2021): 012034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1197/1/012034.
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Abstract World frequently faces the seismic activities at different locations with varying intensities causing heavy damage to the property. Here we are doing Comparative vulnerability study between two soil type which is sand and soft soil. We will analyze two building having same dimensions, beam column sections. This paper represents the comparative vulnerability analysis which have been resulted using pushover analysis. Also the plastic hinge properties have been utilized for calculating the seismic vulnerability index to examine the performance stages of the selected building, complete used software is SAP 2000.
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Valluzzi, Maria Rosa, Veronica Follador, and Luca Sbrogiò. "Vulnus Web: A Web-Based Procedure for the Seismic Vulnerability Assessment of Masonry Buildings." Sustainability 15, no. 8 (2023): 6787. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15086787.
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Masonry is a widespread construction system, but it is very prone to seismic damage. In Italy, almost 60% of residential buildings are constructed in masonry, and 85% of them were built before 1980 without specific design regulation; thus, there is the need for large-scale vulnerability assessment. When large stocks of residential buildings (>50–100) are involved, also in historical centers, seismic vulnerability analysis must resort to simplified and computer-aided methods. Among these, the best known analyze (i) the overall shear strength normalized to the weight; (ii) the activation coefficient of local mechanisms; and (iii) dimensionless indexes obtained from the weighted sum of scores associated with a set of vulnerability factors. The Vulnus procedure proposes a vulnerability function in the 3D space defined by these factors, namely VIP, VOP and VV. The ‘mechanical’ indexes VIP and VOP determine the capacity of the building (in-plane and out-of-plane, respectively), whereas the ‘empirical’ index VV sets the pace at which this capacity is reached and the uncertainty in its final value. The procedure considers the confidence level of the indexes by means of fuzzy set theory, which enables expression of the vulnerability in linguistic terms (e.g., ‘high’ or ‘low’), as well as through a fragility curve. In this paper, a web toolbox based on the Vulnus procedure, namely, Vulnus Web, is proposed. It enables the central archiving of data, improved interaction with the program code and a wider dissemination. The new procedure was applied to a masonry building hit by the Central Italy 2016 earthquake; both the vulnerability level assessed numerically and the damage prediction were in good accordance with the actual seismic performance of the building.
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PANKAJ, PANWAR, BHATT V K, PAL SHARMISTHA, et al. "Vulnerability of agricultural households to climate change in hill state of north Western Himalaya." MAUSAM 71, no. 2 (2021): 199–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v71i2.19.
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In the present study, vulnerability level of individual farming households to climate change is examined in Himachal Pradesh, North-western state of India. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to develop vulnerability index for individual household. Mean household vulnerability index in the study area was 0.27. The farming households from Kullu district were the most vulnerable (5.94) while those from Hamirpur district were least vulnerable (-3.37). The study successfully identified the regional sources of vulnerability and prioritises the districts for adaptation planning. Implication of the study results lays with the policy makers in formulating region specific and targeted climate adaptation policies that foster asset building so as to reduce vulnerability and build long-term resilience to climate change.
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Colonna, Silvia, Stefania Imperatore, Maria Zucconi, and Barbara Ferracuti. "Post-Seismic Damage Assessment of a Historical Masonry Building: The Case Study of a School in Teramo." Key Engineering Materials 747 (July 2017): 620–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.747.620.
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The historical masonry buildings are characterised by a great vulnerability regard the seismic action, as the recent events occurred in Central Italy have highlighted. During the seismic emergency the authors, in collaboration with the Civil Protection Department as part of the ReLUIS activities, have carried out usability inspections, analysing also the case study described in this paper. The structure, a school in Teramo, was already affected by previously seismic damages and it has been highly involved by the seismic events abovementioned. In this work the results of first inspection, reported in the AeDES form, and a more accurate visual inspection are presented in terms of detection of the crack patterns and evaluation of the seismic damages index. Moreover the vulnerability index has been calculated according to the GNDT 2° level method. The vulnerability index is finally used to calculate the damage index expected for the seismic intensity registered during the seismic event of October 30, 2016, and compared with the observed post-seismic damage level.
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Zhang, Min, Yufu Liu, Wenqi Sun, et al. "Impact of Rainfall on Traffic Speed in Major Cities of China." Sustainability 13, no. 16 (2021): 9074. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13169074.
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The construction of healthy transportation is an important ingredient for promoting the healthy development of cities. The establishment of an urban traffic evaluation mechanism can provide an important basis for the construction of healthy transportation. This study focused on the impact of precipitation on traffic speed and developed an urban traffic vulnerability index. This index reflects the degree of traffic affected by precipitation, which is calculated based on the traffic congestion index under different rainfall intensities. The traffic vulnerability indices of 41 major cities in China under rainfall conditions were evaluated. Based on the above traffic vulnerability indexes, the impact of socioeconomic factors on urban traffic vulnerability was analyzed. The three key findings of this study are as follows: there was a positive correlation between the vulnerability index and the gross domestic product (GDP); the urban population (POP) had a significant impact on the urban traffic vulnerability; and urban car ownership had little impact on traffic vulnerability. Based on these findings, possible measures to improve urban traffic vulnerability are proposed. The construction of an index system provides a basis for enhancing the urban traffic assessment mechanism, promoting the development of urban physical examinations and building healthy transportation and healthy cities.
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Wang, Chaofeng, Sarah E. Antos, Jessica G. Gosling-Goldsmith, et al. "Assessing Climate Disaster Vulnerability in Peru and Colombia Using Street View Imagery: A Pilot Study." Buildings 14, no. 1 (2023): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings14010014.
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Community and household vulnerability to natural hazards, e.g., earthquakes, hurricanes, and floods, is a concern that transcends geographic and economic boundaries. Despite the abundance of research in this field, most existing methods remain inefficient and face the challenge of data scarcity. By formulating and investigating the correlation between the household vulnerability and street view images of buildings, this research seeks to bridge the knowledge gap to enable an efficient assessment. Especially in developing countries, the widespread prevalence of outdated or inadequately enforced building codes poses a significant challenge. Consequently, a considerable portion of the housing stock in these regions fails to meet acceptable standards, rendering it highly vulnerable to natural hazards and climate-related events. Evaluating housing quality is crucial for informing public policies and private investments. However, current assessment methods are often time-consuming and costly. To address this issue, we propose the development of a rapid and reliable evaluation framework that is also cost-efficient. The framework employs a low-cost street view imagery procedure combined with deep learning to automatically extract building information to assist in identifying housing characteristics. We then test its potential for scalability and higher-level reliability. More importantly, we aim to quantify household vulnerability based on street view imagery. Household vulnerability is typically assessed through traditional means like surveys or census data; however, these sources can be costly and may not reflect the most current information. We have developed an index that effectively captures the most detailed data available at both the housing unit and household level. This index serves as a comprehensive representation, enabling us to evaluate the feasibility of utilizing our model’s predictions to estimate vulnerability conditions in specific areas while optimizing costs. Through latent class clustering and ANOVA analysis, we have discovered a strong correlation between the predictions derived from the images and the household vulnerability index. This correlation will potentially enable large-scale, cost-effective evaluation of household vulnerability using only street view images.
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Macuha, Richmark. "EVALUATING THE PHYSICAL VULNERABILITY OF PUBLIC SCHOOL BUILDINGS AGAINST FLOODING IN METRO MANILA, PHILIPPINES." ASEAN Engineering Journal 13, no. 2 (2023): 101–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/aej.v13.18959.
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Vulnerability analysis has always been an integral part of disaster risk assessment. This study aims to assess the physical vulnerability of public school buildings against flooding. It discusses the vulnerable elements or attributes, the extent of damages incurred during flood events, the damage response, and the future steps that must be taken to increase flood resiliency. The study used empirical data collection using semi-structured interviews to characterize the common types of public schools and to collate the damage responses. Quantity surveying was performed to measure the amount of damages related to different flood depths. Structural damages to public school buildings are not expected for flood heights ranging from ground level up to ten (10) m. However, damages are incurred by building finishes and fixtures. Floors, walls, and septic system are cosmetically damaged. Vulnerable components include wooden elements like doors, cabinets, blackboards and ceiling, and electrical fixtures such as wiring, lighting, outlets, switches, and fire alarm system. Comprehensive vulnerability description of public school buildings were represented as curves of flood depth vs. damage index. The damage ratio decreases as the number of floors increase. Maximum damage to one-story building is 23.6% while at 15.02% for four-story school building. This study is an attempt to promote further research of the subject matter in developing countries towards flood resiliency in the built environment.
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Wahid, Chowdhury Mohammad Shams, Muzammil Al Rahman, Syed Akhtaruzzaman, and Md Jahir Bin Alam. "A PROPOSAL FOR SEISMIC VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF PRE-ENGINEERED STEEL BUILDINGS IN BANGLADESH USING SIMPLIFIED JAPANESE INDEX METHOD." ASEAN Engineering Journal 13, no. 2 (2023): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/aej.v13.18838.
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At present seismic evaluation of structures has become very crucial in Bangladesh as the country is in earthquake prone region. Lots of studies have been performed and many methods have been proposed for the rapid seismic evaluation of reinforced concrete (RC) buildings. Over the past two decades the country has been going through an important evolution which is rapid construction of pre-engineered steel buildings (PEB). Unfortunately, there has not been a single research work done or any method proposed for the seismic evaluation of these type of structures. In this work, simplified structural evaluation which is based on Japanese Index Method has been used for the seismic evaluation of 05 existing PEB steel structure. The structural seismic index of the building, IBS has been compared with the seismic judgement index IBSO which is a function of seismic zone co-efficient, structural importance coefficient and normalized acceleration response spectrum. The service load index IBD has also been compared with service load judgement indices, IBD01 and IBD02 which has been calculated from the material strength. For example, from the judgement of one building at ground floor, 0.5IBSO ≦ IBS＜IBSO and IBD02＜IBDhave been observed hence immediate detail evaluation recommended.
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Özhendekci, Nuri, and Devrim Özhendekci. "Rapid Seismic Vulnerability Assessment of Low- to Mid-Rise Reinforced Concrete Buildings Using Bingöl's Regional Data." Earthquake Spectra 28, no. 3 (2012): 1165–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.4000065.
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A methodology based on multiple linear regression analysis is used for rapid vulnerability assessment of a building set surveyed in the disaster area of the 1 May 2003 Bingöl, Turkey, earthquake. The data set represents the population of low- to mid-rise reinforced concrete buildings in Bingöl. In addition to the relevant statistical procedures for parameter selection, all possible regressions of selected building parameters are carried out, and the most appropriate regression function is determined. Structural system type, newly introduced span index, priority index, existence of captive columns, and soft story index are found to play the dominant role. A leave-one-out cross validation method is utilized to test the reliability of derived regression function. The data collected during 1999 Düzce earthquake is also used for testing. The correct classification rate for both calibration and test data is found to be near 90%, despite an acceptable increase in incorrect classification rate.
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Chan, Emily, Zhe Huang, Holly Lam, Carol Wong, and Qiang Zou. "Health Vulnerability Index for Disaster Risk Reduction: Application in Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) Region." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 3 (2019): 380. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16030380.
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Despite the importance of health vulnerability in disaster risk assessment, most of the existing disaster vulnerability indicators only emphasize economic and social vulnerability. Important underlying health risks such as non-communicable disease are not included in vulnerability measures. A three-phase methodology approach was used to construct a disaster risk model that includes a number of key health indicators which might be missing in global disaster risk analysis. This study describes the development of an integrated health vulnerability index and explains how the proposed vulnerability index may be incorporated into an all-hazard based disaster risk index in the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), also known as the “Silk Road Economic Belt”, region. Relevant indicators were identified and reviewed in the published literature in PubMed/Medline. A two-stage dimension reduction statistical method was used to determine the weightings of relevant dimensions to the construction of the overall vulnerability index. The proposed final health vulnerability index included nine indicators, including the proportion of the population below 15 and above 65 years, under-five mortality ratio, maternal mortality ratio, tuberculosis prevalence, age-standardized raised blood pressure, physician ratio, hospital bed ratio, and coverage of the measles-containing-vaccine first-dose (MCV1) and diphtheria tetanus toxoid and pertussis (DTP3) vaccines. This proposed index, which has a better reflection of the health vulnerability in communities, may serve as a policy and implementation tool to facilitate the capacity-building of Health-Emergency Disaster Risk management (Health-EDRM).
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Leggieri, Valeria, Giulia Mastrodonato, and Giuseppina Uva. "GIS Multisource Data for the Seismic Vulnerability Assessment of Buildings at the Urban Scale." Buildings 12, no. 5 (2022): 523. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12050523.
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The paper presents a methodology of extraction, integration and elaboration of data from different sources using the geographic information system (GIS), to realize a georeferenced building database (GBD) useful for the seismic vulnerability assessment of existing buildings on a large scale. Three levels of GIS entities have been defined and equipped with the related information: census section (CS), urban block (UB), and individual building (IB), depending on the level of detail of dataset. Additional information about the typological and structural features has been extracted by CARTIS catalogue, to refine the data associated with each building. The data have been validated using detailed information gathered on a proper sample of buildings, which have been filed and analyzed one-by-one. The alphanumeric format of data allows for the automatic implementation of different methods available in the literature, which provide a qualitative seismic vulnerability index at different scales (whole urban district, an urban block, and a single building). Finally, the 3D representation of data and results have been elaborated, providing a tool easily searchable and constantly implementable. An application has been developed for a case study in Puglia, Italy: Bisceglie, for which 3726 IB have been assessed. The work addresses the issue of the lack of information typical of large-scale applications, exploiting all the available data sources to achieve nearly complete knowledge of existing building stock finalized to a rapid but extensive evaluation of the seismic vulnerability on an urban scale with very low computational efforts and the use of limited resources in terms of time and cost.
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Honesti, Leli, Muhd Zaimi Abd Majid, Nazwar Djali, and Meli Muchlian. "Establishing factors of building vulnerability towards tsunami hazard." MATEC Web of Conferences 258 (2019): 03011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201925803011.
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The objective of this article is to establish the attributes (factors) of building vulnerability towards tsunami hazard, particularly for areas in Padang, Indonesia, as well as those areas with the same characteristics. Within this framework, this study informs the progress towards a more systematic approach to factor development for a Relative Vulnerability Index (RVI) score for assessing the building vulnerability towards tsunami hazard. The RVI score is used to predict tsunami risk zones on building vulnerability. The analysis was conducted to develop the factors that influence the building vulnerability. Developing factors of the building vulnerability to tsunami hazard is a key aspect for assessing the RVI, as their result may misguide local decision-makers to act adequately concerning the local risk if they are based on an inappropriate set of factors. These factors were classified under three distinct groups: 1) internal factors; 2) external factors and 3) water inundation factor. The selection of factors are based on the building and the location characteristics. Therefore, the factors that may influence the risk were listed. Based on the kinds of literature and opinion of practitioners/experts, several imperative factors that affect the risk were identified and studied. The factors were tabulated and were sorted from highest to lowest numbers. Based on the tabulation of these factors, the summary of analysis results for internal factors are: construction material; the number of stories; foundation type; date of the building; preservation condition; ground floor hydrodynamic; shape and orientation of the building. Furthermore, based on the tabulation results for external data factors and tsunami inundation factor, the external factors are: movable object; building row; height of concrete fence; natural barrier; distance from the coastline; distance from the river; obstacle islands and gap between building attributes and water inundation factor is tsunami inundation depth.
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Lakusic, Stjepan. "Damage assessment, fragility, and vulnerability analysis of reinforced concrete building." Journal of the Croatian Association of Civil Engineers 75, no. 06 (2023): 591–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.14256/jce.3623.2022.
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In addition to a concise literature review, this study presents a comparative analysis of reinforced concrete (RC) buildings through damage index (DI) analysis using different methodologies. The seismic response of a five-story RC frame system building, designed in accordance with the EN structural Eurocodes, was analysed through fragility and vulnerability assessments. The Park–Ang methodology was used in the analysis for determining DI and its parameters. Nonlinear static analysis (NSA) and nonlinear dynamic analyses (NDA) were performed, and the fragility and vulnerability curves were constructed using the obtained results and processed through statistical analysis. The results were calculated using four different DI models: the DIPA model using both the NSA and NDA results (M1), modified DIPA model using both the NSA and NDA results (M2), DIPA model using the NSA results (M3), and modified DIPA model using the NSA results (M4).
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Arif, N., A. Wardhana, and A. Martiana. "Spatial analysis of the urban physical vulnerability using remote sensing and geographic information systems (case study: Yogyakarta City)." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 986, no. 1 (2022): 012067. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/986/1/012067.
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Abstract Vulnerability mapping in urban planning is very important to reduce damage caused and loss of life due to disasters. This paper discussed the mapping of urban physical vulnerability using remote sensing, and geographic information systems (GIS) approaches. Physical vulnerability parameters used were building density, distribution of public facilities, slope, and land use. Landsat 8 OLI satellite imagery used remote sensing data to obtain building density information using the Normalised Difference Built Index (NDBI) and land use interpretation approaches. With the use of GIS, the spatial distribution of urban vulnerabilities could be known through the overlay of each indicator. The results of the analysis obtained that the physical vulnerability classes of Yogyakarta City were very high (26%), high (29%), moderate (29%), low (16%), and very low (0%). Some areas categorized as vulnerable to very vulnerable are areas with high building density, namely the Sub-districts of Danurejan, Kraton, Gedongtengen, Jetis, Ngampilan, Pakualaman, Mantrijeron, parts of Gondomanan and Tegalrejo.
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Galizia, Filomena, and Alberto Fiorenza. "Refractive index model to determine the vulnerability curves for different building typologies." International Journal of Earthquake and Impact Engineering 1, no. 1/2 (2016): 174. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijeie.2016.080031.
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