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1
Gunawan, Nanang, Aylie Han, and Buntara Sthenly Gan. "Proposed Design Philosophy for Seismic-Resistant Buildings." Civil Engineering Dimension 21, no. 1 (2019): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.9744/ced.21.1.1-5.
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Modern seismic design and technologies have undergone tremendous developments. In modern design codes, building structures subjected to high earthquake loads are allowed to experience plastic deformations without collapsing, and the design is permitted up to the ultimate strength. According to comparative results in Japan, the number of humans injured due to earthquakes is higher than the number of deaths/missing. Likewise, the number of residential buildings that collapsed are less than the partially damaged buildings. This outcome implies that residential buildings designed based on the revised seismic standards have good earthquake resistances. It also infers that the human deaths/injury casualties were not a result of the collapsed the structure, but due to the strong vibrations originated from the earthquake, yielding in the collapse of non-structural elements such as ceilings and bookshelves. This paper presents a proposed design philosophy that attempts to implement the effect of earthquakes to non-fatal human casualties
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Ambatkar, Ms Sayali. "Design and Analysis of Earthquake Resistant Building (Three Storeyed R.C.C. School Building) using STAAD.PRO." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VI (2021): 2846–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.35427.
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The field of Earthquake Engineering has existed in our country for over 35 years now. Indian earthquake engineers have made significant contributions to the seismic safety of several important structures in the country. However, as the recent earthquakes have shown, the performance of normal structures during past Indian earthquakes has been less satisfactory. This is mainly due to the lack of awareness amongst most practising engineers of the special provisions that need to be followed in earthquake resistant design and thereafter in construction. In India, the multi-storied building is constructed due to high cost and scarcity of land. In order to utilize maximum land area, builders and architects generally proposed asymmetrical plan configuration. These asymmetrical plan buildings, which are constructed in seismic prone areas, are likely to be damaged during earthquake. Earthquake is a natural phenomenon which can be generate the most destructive forces on structure. Buildings should be made Safe for lives by proper design and detailing of structural member in order to have a ductile form of failure. The concept of earthquake resistant design is that the building should be designed to resist the forces, which arises due to Design Basic Earthquake, with only minor damages and the forces which arises due to Maximum Considered Earthquake, with some accepted structural damages but no collapse. This paper studies the Earthquake Resisting Building.
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Teddy, Livian, Johannes Adiyanto, and Husnul Hidayat. "Identifying geometric configuration of earthquake-resistant buildings." ARTEKS : Jurnal Teknik Arsitektur 6, no. 2 (2021): 315–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.30822/arteks.v6i2.839.
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Indonesia is an earthquake-prone area because it is located at the world's most active tectonic plates and hundreds of local faults. Obviously, there have been many earthquake victims caused by collapsed buildings, hence the need for earthquake-resistant construction. However, there is not much guidance for architects to design earthquake-resistant buildings. This research proposes guidance for architects on how to design building forms relatively able to resist earthquakes. The simulation experiment method involving 32 building models in various forms was employed. The experimental results were then analyzed with modal analysis in ETABS and SVA for architectural design. Based on the analysis report, some guidelines were proposed: 1). Avoid buildings that are too slender, use the slenderness ratio H/D ≤ 2, 2). Avoid soft stories where the ratio of the top column height (h) to the bottom column height (h1) ≤ 0.8, 3). Use symmetrical shapes with 1 or 2 axes and avoid shapes with random compositions, 4). Use the additive and subtractive mass transformation ≤ 15%, 5).Strengthen the structural elements, install shear walls, or use dilatation to minimize potential torsional irregularities and non-parallel system irregularities of L, T, U, +, and Z forms6). Avoid using non-axial asymmetrical forms.
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Wariyatno, Nanang Gunawan, Han Ay Lie, Fu-Pei Hsiao, and Buntara Sthenly Gan. "Design Philosophy for Buildings’ Comfort-Level Performance." Advances in Technology Innovation 6, no. 3 (2021): 157–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.46604/aiti.2021.7309.
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The data reported by Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) show that the fatal casualties and severe injuries are due to heavy shaking during massive earthquakes. Current earthquake-resistant building standards do not include comfort-level performance. Hence, a new performance design philosophy is proposed in this research to evaluate the quantitative effect of earthquake-induced shaking in a building. The earthquake-induced response accelerations in a building are analysed, and the response accelerations related with the characteristic property of the building are used to evaluate the number of Seismic Intensity Level (SIL). To show the indispensability of the newly proposed comfort-level design philosophy, numerical simulations are conducted to evaluate the comfort level on different floors in a building. The results show that the evaluation of residents’ comfort levels should be considered in the current earthquake-resistant building design codes.
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Istiono, Heri, and Azhar Yusuf Ramadhan. "Analisis Pengaruh P-Delta Effect Terhadap Perbedaan Ketinggian Struktur Gedung Tahan Gempa (Studi Kasus : Non-Highrise Building)." Rekayasa Sipil 14, no. 3 (2020): 218–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.rekayasasipil.2020.014.03.8.
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The need for earthquake resistant buildings in Indonesia is something that needs to be considered. Considering that Indonesia is an earthquake prone area. A building structure must be designed to be able to withstand lateral loads such as earthquakes within the limits set by the code/standards. For conservative reasons analysis of the P-Delta Effect needs to be considered because the building development ratio will always increase every time. according to SNI 1726-2019 the P-Delta effect is only required for the design of tall buildings. In this case, the P-Delta effect will be calculated in the modeling of non-high-rise buildings and get the results that P-Delta Effect increased story forces: moment of the building under 10%.
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Chandler, A. M., and G. L. Hutchinson. "A modified approach to earthquake resistant design of torsionally coupled buildings." Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 21, no. 2 (1988): 140–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.21.2.140-153.
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All major building codes employ empirical procedures to account for modal coupling between the lateral and torsional responses of a structure. These procedures are implemented using expressions defining an equivalent static design torque. The provisions are based largely on the results of parametric investigations of the earthquake response of simple single-storey building models, which are found to be representative of regular multi-storey structures. This paper presents results obtained by the analysis of the time-history earth- quake response of a single storey mono-symmetric building model, leading to the development of an alternative approach for defining the design torque for torsionally coupled buildings. The procedure is based on the concept of effective eccentricity, in which the design lateral displacements of key structural members on the edge of the building are matched to the results of a dynamic analysis. A close approximation to the dynamic responses is derived over the relevant ranges of the important parameters. These parameters include the ratio of torsional to translational natural frequencies, which strongly influences the magnitude of torsional coupling effects in asymmetric buildings.
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Gautam, Dipendra. "The building features acquired from the indigenous technology contributing in the better performance during earthquake: a case study of Bhaktapur City." Journal of Science and Engineering 2 (January 30, 2014): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jsce.v2i0.22486.
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This paper compiles the indigenous technologies adopted in the Bhaktapur municipality, Nepal in the unreinforced masonry construction of traditional Newari houses constituting more than 90% buildings in Bhaktapur municipality and their significance during the earthquake. The building units adopted in this area are studied with respect to their performance during earthquake on the basis of seismic resistant design philosophy. The traditionally built non-engineered buildings have drawn the attention of disaster managers for many years; in this regard, the unreinforced masonry buildings (Newari houses) were assessed after the Sikkim-Nepal boarder earthquake of 2011.Still, the buildings constructed before the starting of engineering construction in Nepal are widely used for residential purpose at this culturally rich city and the traditional building construction technology which is the indigenous technology has been practiced for centuries too. The building features are analyzed with respect to their seismic performance and their contribution was analyzed as per the historical database; established practices and theories for earthquake resistant design (EQRD). The collected features and the analyses proved the features of the buildings to be sound during earthquake, though; the buildings were constructed with indigenous technology which nevertheless consults the EQRD within it. The indigenous technology at this city has been attached with the culture of the Newars for centuries.
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Wah, Choo Kok, Rozana Zakaria, and Azlan Adnan. "Decision Making Framework for Earthquake Disaster Prevention and Mitigation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 105-107 (September 2011): 330–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.105-107.330.
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Malaysia is a country with very low seismic. Most of the buildings in our country may not consider seismic load during structure design, thus the level of safety for remains unknown. Recently, earthquake events have become more frequent. Therefore, engineers have to be alert and kept updated with the knowledge and behavior of earthquake trend in this area. It is vital to assess the precaution measures that can be taken and consider them in the future building design. Therefore, a decision making framework in designing earthquake resistant building especially for school building in Malaysia is needed to help engineers to consider earthquake risk in the building design. This framework employed NERA Program with the assistance of SAP2000 software for analysis of the performance of earthquake resistant building.
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Saatcioglu, Murat, and JagMohan Humar. "Dynamic analysis of buildings for earthquake-resistant design." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 30, no. 2 (2003): 338–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l02-108.
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The proposed 2005 edition of the National Building Code of Canada specifies dynamic analysis as the preferred method for computing seismic design forces and deflections, while maintaining the equivalent static force method for areas of low seismicity and for buildings with certain height limitations. Dynamic analysis procedures are categorized as either linear (elastic) dynamic analysis, consisting of the elastic modal response spectrum method or the numerical integration linear time history method, or nonlinear (inelastic) response history analysis. While both linear and nonlinear analyses require careful analytical modelling, the latter requires additional considerations for proper simulation of hysteretic response and necessitates a special study that involves detailed review of design and supporting analyses by an independent team of engineers. The paper provides an overview of dynamic analysis procedures for use in seismic design, with discussions on mathematical modelling of structures, structural elements, and hysteretic response. A discussion of the determination of structural period to be used in association with the equivalent static force method is presented.Key words: dynamic analysis, earthquake engineering, elastic analysis, fundamental period, hysteretic modelling, inelastic analysis, National Building Code of Canada, seismic design, structural analysis, structural design.
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Muselemov, H. M., O. M. Ustarkhanov, and A. K. Yusupov. "PROBABLE CALCULATION OF BUILDING SEISMIC RESISTANCE ON KINEMATIC SUPPORT." Herald of Dagestan State Technical University. Technical Sciences 45, no. 3 (2019): 194–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.21822/2073-6185-2018-45-3-194-211.
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Objectives. The article reflects the results of the numerical analysis of the earthquake-resistant building on kinematic supports. To this end, the problem is reduced to solving the nonlinear stochastic Cauchy problem. The solution is constructed by the method of successive approximations. The probabilistic characteristics of the oscillation of the building are determined without the use of linearization techniques. An algorithm for solving this problem, which allows to perform numerical experiments on a computer to study the operation of a earthquake-resistant building on kinematic sup-ports, is given.Method. The acceleration of the earth's surface during an earthquake is represented as a non-stationary random Gaussian process. This approach is now generally accepted and beyond doubt. The study of vibrations of the building on kinematic supports under the influence of strong earthquakes is reduced to the solution of the stochastic nonlinear Cauchy equation. This equation is solved by iteration. The acceleration of the earth's surface is a function of three random variables. The required probability is represented as a triple integral, which is calculated using a computer.Result. The basic information about the considered kinematic supports is given. The Cauchy problem is formulated for the case of oscillations of a earthquake-resistant building on kinematic supports under the influence of strong earthquakes. The algorithm allowing to solve this equation is described in detail. The probability of finding the movements of the building within certain limits is represented as a triple integral. The results of numerical experiments carried out on a computer are given. The corresponding graphs are constructed using real accelerograms of strong earthquakes that occurred in the cities of Taft (USA) and Gazli (Uzbekistan).Conclusion. This article describes the method of calculation of earthquake-resistant buildings on kinematic supports, using the data of real strong earthquakes. Based on the results of numerical experiments conducted on a computer, graphs of the reliability of seismic stability of the building in earthquakes. The constructed algorithm and the developed technique can be used in the calculation and design of earthquake-resistant buildings both on conventional supports and on kinematic supports.
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Calledda, Carlo, Augusto Montisci, and Maria Cristina Porcu. "Optimal Design of Earthquake-Resistant Buildings Based on Neural Network Inversion." Applied Sciences 11, no. 10 (2021): 4654. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11104654.
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An effective seismic design entails many issues related to the capacity-based assessment of the non-linear structural response under strong earthquakes. While very powerful structural calculation programs are available to assist the designer in the code-based seismic analysis, an optimal choice of the design parameters leading to the best performance at the lowest cost is not always assured. The present paper proposes a procedure to cost-effectively design earthquake-resistant buildings, which is based on the inversion of an artificial neural network and on an optimization algorithm for the minimum total cost under building code constraints. An exemplificative application of the method to a reinforced-concrete multi-story building, with seismic demands corresponding to a medium-seismicity Italian zone, is shown. Three design-governing parameters are assumed to build the input matrix, while eight capacity-design target requirements are assigned for the output dataset. A non-linear three-dimensional concentrated plasticity model of the structure is implemented, and time-history dynamic analyses are carried out with spectrum-consistent ground motions. The results show the promising ability of the proposed approach for the optimal design of earthquake-resistant structures.
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Zaidir. "Repair and retrofitting of buildings post earthquake." E3S Web of Conferences 156 (2020): 05023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202015605023.
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This paper discusses the damage types, repair methods and retrofitting of buildings post an earthquake. Data were taken by conducting surveys and assessment of buildings directly, both engineered and non-engineered buildings affected by the West Sumatra earthquake in 2009. Some causes of damage, among them is the detailing of reinforcement that do not follow the existing standard, soft-story effect, foundation failure, low material quality and does not meet the requirements, design and implementation of the construction do not follow the rules and technical provisions of the building earthquake resistant. Improvement and buildings retrofitting can be done after the buildings damage types or its components/parts and the quality of the building materials used were known. The structural analysis was done in order to know the cause of the building elements damaged and if the results of analysis with the latest regulations earthquake load, the building structures is able to withstand the earthquake loads and a repair is not required, but if not, the retrofitting is required.
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Davin, Davin Pradipta, and Niken Warastuti. "EVALUASI DAN OPTIMASI KEMAMPUAN KINERJA STRUKTUR BAJA DENGAN ANALISIS PUSHOVER MENGGUNAKAN PROGRAM SAP2000." Jurnal Infrastruktur 5, no. 1 (2019): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.35814/infrastruktur.v5i1.615.
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Indonesia is a country which is in an earthquake prone area. Earthquake disasters are destructive natural phenomena. The damage caused is very large, especially in the field of steel structures of buildings. The effect of earthquakes is an important factor to planning the design of building structures. Existing buildings are claimed to be earthquake resistant by planners, but not necessarily the results as expected. Along with the development of technological advances in the field of civil engineering, new concepts and methods emerged in the analysis and planning of earthquake resistant buildings, one of which was the concept of Performance Based Seismic Evaluation (PBSE) with static thrust load analysis or Pushover analysis. This method is able to provide information on the pattern of collapse of buildings that exist when burdened with earthquake forces that exceed the capacity of the building, whether direct collapse or building is capable of behaving nonlinear (progressive) before total collapse occurs. The purpose of the final assignment is to evaluate and optimize the performance of the load on the factory building to determine the effective capacity of the structure and behavior by showing the scheme of plastic joints on the beam and column elements with the Pushover method based on the Applied Technology Council (ATC-40) code and determining the level structural performance of earthquake prisoners based on the code. From the results of the study, it was found that the performance point is V = 61.027 Ton and D = 0.074 m. The structure of the building is able to provide nonlinear behavior that is indicated by the initial phase and the majority of the occurrence of plastic joints occurs in the beam element and then the column element. Structural performance levels are included in the Immediate Occupancy criteria, which means that minor structural damage occurs and the building can be reused immediately again.
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Otani, Shunsuke. "Earthquake Resistant Design of Reinforced Concrete Buildings." Journal of Advanced Concrete Technology 2, no. 1 (2004): 3–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3151/jact.2.3.
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Celebi, Mehmet. "Response of a 14-Story Anchorage, Alaska, Building in 2002 to Two Close Earthquakes and Two Distant Denali Fault Earthquakes." Earthquake Spectra 20, no. 3 (2004): 693–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1779291.
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The recorded responses of an Anchorage, Alaska, building during four significant earthquakes that occurred in 2002 are studied. Two earthquakes, including the 3 November 2002 M7.9 Denali fault earthquake, with epicenters approximately 275 km from the building, generated long trains of long-period (>1 s) surface waves. The other two smaller earthquakes occurred at subcrustal depths practically beneath Anchorage and produced higher frequency motions. These two pairs of earthquakes have different impacts on the response of the building. Higher modes are more pronounced in the building response during the smaller nearby events. The building responses indicate that the close-coupling of translational and torsional modes causes a significant beating effect. It is also possible that there is some resonance occurring due to the site frequency being close to the structural frequency. Identification of dynamic characteristics and behavior of buildings can provide important lessons for future earthquake-resistant designs and retrofit of existing buildings.
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Apriliani, Novi Gita, and Tony Hartono Bagio. "STRUCTURE OF EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT CONCRETE BUILDING WITH DUAL SYSTEM USING SNI 1726: 2019." Neutron 19, no. 2 (2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.29138/neutron.v19i2.30.
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The higher a building, the greater the burden due to lateral forces. In the planning of the building structure of Apartment 88 Avenue Surabaya, a Dual system is used. This building planning is based on the Structural Concrete Requirements for Buildings (SNI 2847: 2019). And for earthquakes based on Earthquake Resilience Planning Procedures for Building and Non- Building Structures (SNI 1726: 2019 ). In the analysis of earthquake loads using dynamic analysis of the Response Specific Trump. The structure is planned to use reinforced concrete construction. The planning method includes the primary structure, namely the dimensioning and reinforcement of the main beam, and the column. And the secondary structure which consists of dimensioning and reinforcing plates, joists. From the results obtained structural design dimensional beam 35/70 cm ( 5D22; 3D22 ), the joist 30/55 cm ( 2D16; 2D16 ), the floor slab 14 cm thick ( D10-275 )
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Krishna, T. G. N. C. Vamsi, V. Amani, P. S. Sunil Kumar*, CH Naveen Kumar, and M. Srinivas. "Dynamic Seismic Analysis and Design of R.C.C Multi Purpose Building (G+15) By using E-Tabs." International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering 10, no. 10 (2021): 84–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.j9418.08101021.
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An earthquake is a sudden, rapid shaking of the earth caused by the breaking and shifting of rock beneath the earth’s surface. Earthquakes are among the most powerful events on earth, and their results can be terrifying. In0general for0design of tall0buildings both0wind as well0as earthquake0loads need0to be0considered. Governing0criteria for0carrying out0dynamic analyses0for earthquake0loads are different0from wind0loads. However many tall buildings are not so resistant in lateral loads due to earthquake. Reinforced concrete multi-storied buildings in India were for the first time subjected to a strong ground motion shaking in Bhuj earthquake. It has been concluded that the principal reasons of failure may be attributed to soft stories, floating columns, mass irregularities, poor quality of construction materials faulty construction methods, unstable earthquake response, soil and infrastructure, which were determined to cause damage to the attached structure. High-rise buildings are in high demand due to global urbanization and population growth, and high-rise buildings are likely to suffer the most damage from earthquakes. Since earthquake forces are irregular and unnatural in nature, engineering tools need to be sharpened to analyze the structure in the work of these forces. In this study, to understand the behaviour of structure located in seismic zones III for G+15 Multi-Purpose storey building model is considered for study. Performance of frame is studied through Response Spectrum analysis and comparison is made on shear force, storey drift, storey displacement and storey stiffness.
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Gan, Chun, and Xue Song Luo. "Application of Earthquake Resistance Analysis Technique in the Design of Constructional Engineering." Advanced Materials Research 756-759 (September 2013): 4482–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.756-759.4482.
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In recent years, frequent earthquakes have caused great casualties and economic losses in China. And in the earthquake, damage of buildings and the collapse is the main reason causing casualties. Therefore, in the design of constructional engineering, a seismicity of architectural structure is the pressing task at issue. Through time history analysis method, this paper analyzes the time history of building structural response and then it predicts the peak response of mode by response spectrum analysis. Based on this, this paper constructs a numerical simulation model for the architecture by using finite element analysis software SATWE. At the same time, this paper also calculates the structure seismic so as to determine the design of each function structure in architectural engineering design and then provides reference for the realization of earthquake-resistant building.
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Kuramoto, Hiroshi. "A Short Note for Dr. Watabe’s Review in 1974." Journal of Disaster Research 1, no. 3 (2006): 357. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2006.p0357.
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In the preceding article, I reviewed two seismic design codes of the Building Standard Law of Japan, revised in 1981 and 2000, with the transition of Japanese seismic design codes. Having read the 1974 review by Dr. Makoto Watabe, I was most impressed by his comprehensive understanding of seismic structural systems for buildings – an understanding that is fresh even today, more than 3 decades later. He moves from the basic principles for seismic building design to earthquake-resistant properties of building. The general seismic design principles of buildings he has reviewed are very sound and introduced both in current seismic design codes I have reviewed and the seismic design of super high-rise buildings over 60 m high.
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Park, R. "Improving the resistance of structures to earthquakes." Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 34, no. 1 (2001): 1–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.34.1.1-39.
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The past occurrence of earthquakes in New Zealand and the likelihood of a major earthquake in Christchurch are considered. The causes of damage by earthquakes are discussed and typical possible types of damage to building and bridge structures are described with reference to the 1995 Kobe earthquake. The design of building and bridge structures for earthquake resistance by the ductile design approach is covered, including performance criteria, structural configuration, design seismic forces, mechanisms of post-elastic deformation, capacity design, detailing of reinforcement for ductility and control of deflections. Design using base isolation and mechanical energy dissipating devices is also outlined. The extensive use of precast concrete in buildings in New Zealand is described. Finally the seismic assessment and upgrading of old structures and the earthquake resistance of lifelines of communities (transportation, utilities and communications) are briefly considered.
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Lin, Jeng Hsiang. "Seismic Performance Evaluation of Buildings in Taiwan." Applied Mechanics and Materials 638-640 (September 2014): 1854–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.638-640.1854.
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Integrating the available research results from fragility analysis of building structures and seismic hazard analysis, this study explored some probability information for current earthquake resistant design for general buildings and examined structural performance of buildings under the action of earthquake motions. The results of this study show that performance objectives suggested by FEMA are not realized for the buildings of light steel, pre-cast concrete, reinforced masonry, and un-reinforced masonry, designed according to the Taiwan seismic design standards. The results may provide some valuable information for future code calibration in Taiwan.
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Bertero, Vitelmo V. "Lessons Learned from Recent Earthquakes and Research and Implications for Earthquake-Resistant Design of Building Structures in the United States." Earthquake Spectra 2, no. 4 (1986): 825–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1585412.
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Following an overview of the special problems inherent in the design and construction of earthquake-resistant buildings in regions of high seismic risk, the techniques that will be required to solve these problems in the U.S. are discussed. Some lessons learned from recent earthquakes, particularly those in Chile and Mexico in 1985, are discussed as are some results of integrated analytical and experimental research at the University of California, Berkeley. The implications of the ground motions recorded during the 1985 Mexican and Chilean earthquakes, the performance of buildings during the Mexican earthquake, and the research results previously discussed are then assessed with respect to seismic-resistant design regulations presently in force (UBC) as well as those formulated by ATC 3-06 and the Tentative Lateral Force Requirements recently developed by the Seismology Committee of SEAOC. The rationale for and reliability of the values suggested by the ATC for the “Response Modification Factor R” and by the SEAOC Seismology Committee for the “Structural Quality Factor Rw” are reviewed in detail. In the conclusion to the paper, two solutions for improving the earthquake-resistant design of building structures are proposed: an ideal (rational) method to be implemented in the future, and a compromise solution that can be implemented immediately.
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Gómez, A., R. Ortega, J. J. Guerrero, E. González, J. P. Paniagua, and J. Iglesias. "The Mexico Earthquake of September 19, 1985—Response and Design Spectra Obtained from Earthquake-Damaged Buildings." Earthquake Spectra 5, no. 1 (1989): 113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1585514.
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The resistant shear force of 13 buildings severely damaged by the 1985 Mexico City earthquake was determined by static and dynamic analyses. The results of the static analysis suggest the advisability of increasing the shear base coefficient of the 1987 Mexico City building code RDF87 from 0.4 to 0.6 in the high seismicity zones of the area. The results of the dynamic analysis show that in order to obtain the same safety level, the maximum ordinate of the design spectrum should be larger than the base shear coefficient used with the static method, leading to a 0.8 maximum ordinate for Mexico City. When the resistant shear force is plotted as a function of the natural period of each building, the response spectrum obtained is very similar to the inelastic spectrum derived from the accelerograms, considering 5% critical damping, a ductility factor of 4 and degradation in resistance from 5% to 10%. Based on these results, new design spectra are proposed for use in the high seismicity zones in Mexico City.
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Abass, Haider Ali, and Husain Khalaf Jarallah. "Seismic Evaluation and Retrofitting of an Existing Buildings-State of the Art." Al-Nahrain Journal for Engineering Sciences 24, no. 1 (2021): 52–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.29194/njes.24010052.
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In this study, previous researches were reviewed in relation to the seismic evaluation and retrofitting of an existing building. In recent years, a considerable number of researches has been undertaken to determine the performance of buildings during the seismic events. Performance based seismic design is a modern approach to earthquake resistant design of reinforcement concrete buildings. Performance based design of building structures requires rigorous non-linear static analysis. In general, nonlinear static analysis or pushover analysis was conducted as an efficient instrument for performance-based design. Pushover analysis came into practice after 1970 year. During the seismic event, a nonlinear static analysis or pushover analysis is used to analyze building under gravity loads and monotonically increasing lateral forces. These building were evaluated until a target displacement reached. Pushover analysis provides a better understanding of buildings seismic performance, also it traces the progression of damage and failure of structural components of buildings.
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Dowrick, David J., and David A. Rhoades. "Vulnerability of different classes of low-rise buildings in the 1987 Edgecumbe, New Zealand, earthquake." Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 30, no. 3 (1997): 227–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.30.3.227-241.
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This paper describes an analysis of costs of damage to non-domestic buildings (all tow rise) in the Mw = 6.6 Edgecumbe New Zealand earthquake of 2 March 1987. The damage cost for each building was converted to a damage ratio by dividing it by the replacement value of that building. For the MM7 and MM9 intensity zones, the mean values and statistical distributions of these damage ratios were then found, the lognormal distribution fitting the data well. The data was then divided into subsets according to selected classes of construction, and the vulnerabilities of these classes were measured and compared in terms of their mean damage ratios and the associated 95% confidence limits. The classes of building examined included classifications by era of design, number of storeys, materials of construction, and building use. Valuable insights into earthquake resistant design and earthquake risk assessment parameters were obtained through the differences observed between classes, notably significant reductions in the vulnerability of buildings associated with improved ductility provisions.
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Rajeev, Anupoju, Naveen Kumar Meena, and Kumar Pallav. "Comparative Study of Seismic Design and Performance of OMRF Building Using Indian, British, and European Codes." Infrastructures 4, no. 4 (2019): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures4040071.
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In India, damage cause by some major earthquakes, such as India/Nepal 2015, Sikkim 2011, Kashmir 2005, Bhuj 2001, Latur 1993, and Uttarkashi 1991, have raised alarms to professionals. The probability of seismic risk is higher in more densely populated Indian cities, such as Bhuj, Kashmir, Sikkim, Uttarkashi, as they come under the highest seismicity zone in India. Therefore, our primary interest is to investigate the seismic performance evaluation of the buildings in these seismic prone areas. Significant research has been conducted on the seismic performance of existing buildings. However, investigations on the seismic performance of a building with different country codes for the same earthquake event has not been explored, which is crucial in providing a deeper knowledge of the seismic performance of buildings. This paper presents a comparative study of an Ordinary Moment Resistant Frame (OMRF) building designed using three major codes, Indian (IS: 456-2000, IS: 1893-2002), British (BS: 8110-1997) and European (EC-2, EC-8). Six typical building models considered with earthquake (WiEQ), and without earthquake (WoEQ), and their assessments were interpreted using non-linear static analysis for determining their seismic performance. Seismic performance is compared in terms of base shear coefficient (BSC) and drift ratio that shows WiEQ models, at the drift ratio of 1.5%, the BSC was as follows; 0.78, 0.88, and 0.96 for the models designed for British, Euro, and Indian codes, respectively. The results show that the building models, that have been designed for the Indian codal provisions for both cases, performed well as compared to the other country codes. Base shear and drift ratio are the vital parameters that vary considerably among the building models. This aspect of the Indian code makes it a safer design methodology with higher reserve strength and a reasonably good displacement capacity before reaching the Collapse Prevention (CP) performance level.
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Pasnur, Prof Pallavi K. "Performance Based Seismic Design of Reinforced Concrete Building by Non-Linear Static Analysis." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VII (2021): 1748–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.36722.
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In past two decades earthquake disasters in the world have shown that significant damage occurred even when the buildings were designed as per the conventional earthquake-resistant design philosophy (force-based approach) exposing the inability of the codes to ensure minimum performance of the structures under design earthquake. The performance based seismic design (PBSD), evaluates how the buildings are likely to perform under a design earthquake. As compared to force-based approach, PBSD provides a methodology for assessing the seismic performance of a building, ensuring life safety and minimum economic losses. The non-linear static procedures also known as time history analysis are used to analyze the performance of structure . Plastic hinge formation patterns, plastic rotation, drift ratio and other parameters are selected as performance criterias to define different performance level. In this paper, a five-storey RC building is modelled and designed as per IS 456:2000 and analyzed for lmmediate occupancy performance level in ETABS2015 softwere. Analysis is carried out as per FEMA P58 PART 1 & 2. Plastic hinges as per FEMA273. From the analysis, it is checked that the performance level of the building is as per the assumption
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Green, N. B., and H. I. Epstein. "Earthquake Resistant Building Design and Construction." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 109, no. 4 (1987): 353. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3225990.
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Kani, Nagahide. "Current State of Seismic-Isolation Design." Journal of Disaster Research 4, no. 3 (2009): 175–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2009.p0175.
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Japan has the world’s highest number of seismic-isolation structures - a figure that has been gradually increasing since the 1995 South Hyogo earthquake that devastated Kobe and its environs. It is the main reason that two seismically isolated buildings in Kobe have shown good performance during and after earthquakes. As the awareness of the benefits of seismic isolation has grown, it is being accepted more among people, to maintain structural safety and functionality during and after earthquakes. Safety, property value, and functionality must be maintained by the earthquake-resistance performance of buildings. This seismic isolation system is the appropriate earthquake-resistant method in consideration of satisfying these three items, and positive in the design of structures, such as residences, hospitals, and high-rise buildings, then in retrofitting. This paper focuses on the current status of seismically isolated structures and problems in seismic isolation design.
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Žižmond, Jure, and Matjaž Dolšek. "Seismic Design and Performance Assessment of Frame Buildings Reinforced by Dual-Phase Steel." Applied Sciences 11, no. 11 (2021): 4998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11114998.
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To improve the durability and serviceability of reinforced concrete structures, different variants of dual-phase reinforcing steel were developed within the research project NEWREBAR. The investigated variant of the new material, termed DPD2 steel, has a specific microstructure that increases the corrosion resistance, but its yielding strength is less than that of Tempcore steel B500B. DPD2 steel has no yielding plateau, which is characteristic of conventional reinforcing steel. Thus, it was investigated whether the current building codes can be used to design earthquake-resistant concrete structures reinforced by DPD2 steel bars. For this reason, three multi-story reinforced concrete frame buildings were designed according to Eurocode by considering DPD2 steel and, for comparison reasons, Tempcore steel B500B. Based on the nonlinear model, which was validated by cyclic test of columns, the seismic performance of DPD2 buildings was found to be improved compared to those designed with conventional B500B reinforcing steel. This can mainly be attributed to the substantial strain hardening of the DPD2 steel, which increases the overstrength factor of the structure by about 10%. However, for the improved seismic performance, the amount of steel in DPD2 buildings had to be increased in the design by approximately 20–25% due to the smaller yield strength of DPD2 steel. Nevertheless, it was demonstrated that Eurocode 8 could be used to design earthquake-resistant frame building reinforced with dual-phase reinforcing steel DPD2.
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Irwansyah, Muhammad, Johannes Tarigan, and Zulfazly Putra. "The Structural Performance Analysis of Base-Isolated Hospital Buildings with Analysis Modal (Case Study: General Hospital in Labuhan Batu Utara Regency Area)." Simetrikal: Journal of Engineering and Technology 1, no. 2 (2019): 63–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/jet.v1i2.736.
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The development of earthquake analysis towards structures is required to prevent damages and loss in buildings due to earthquakes. The base isolation system is a simple design approach for earthquake-resistant buildings to protect the structures and components from the risk of earthquake damages by using the concept of reducing earthquake forces. This research aims to analyze the performance of a general hospital building in Labura Regency area in order to know the safety of the building in terms of period, frequency, base shear force, displacement and earthquake force, used the base isolators and without the base isolators. The method used is response-spectrum dynamic analysis by ETABS v2016 program. From the calculation of structural analysis, the application of base isolation is able to build up the period of the structure, therefore, the maximum acceleration of earthquakes can be reduced at certain period. There is an average increase by 48.21% of the structural period compared to non-isolated base structure, and the frequency that occurs in structures using base isolators is smaller than without base isolators. The friction force obtained is smaller compared to the structures without dampers. Base-isolated building structures observed have bigger displacement than non-base isolated structures. The average rise of the building displacement is 27.14% at x and 2.74% at y directions. In base-isolated structures, earthquake forces are reduced averagely by 57.51% at x and 82.73% at y directions. The analysis of structural performance, General Hospital in Labura Regency is categorized to Immediate Occupancy (IO) in which the building structures are safe with no significant risk of fatalities due to structural failures, there are no any significant damages and the building can be used and functioned/operated again immediately.
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Chandler, A. M. "Combined seismic base shear and torsional loading provisions in the 1990 edition of the National Building Code of Canada." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 18, no. 6 (1991): 945–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l91-117.
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This paper evaluates the earthquake-resistant design provisions of the 1990 edition of the National Building Code of Canada (NBCC 1990) for asymmetric building structures subjected to combined lateral shear and torsional dynamic loadings arising from earthquake base excitation. A detailed parametric study is presented, evaluating the dynamic edge displacement response in the elastic range, for the side of the building which is adversely affected by lateral–torsional coupling. A series of buildings is studied, with realistic ranges of the fundamental natural period, structural eccentricity, and uncoupled frequency ratio. These buildings are evaluated under base loadings arising from a total of 45 strong motion records taken from earthquakes in North America, Mexico, Europe, the Middle East, and Southern Pacific, categorized according to site soil conditions and the ratio a/v of peak ground acceleration to velocity. The latter parameter together with the uncoupled lateral period are found to influence strongly the combined dynamic edge response, with the greatest forces on edge members arising from earthquakes with high a/v ratio in structures with natural periods below 0.8 s. In this case the NBCC 1990 loading provisions significantly underestimate the elastic dynamic response. For buildings with periods longer than 0.8 s, the conservatism of the base shear provisions leads to overestimation of combined dynamic edge response in asymmetric systems, and this is also true in the short-period range for buildings subjected to ground motions with low a/v ratio. The NBCC 1990 provisions are reasonably conservative for short-period systems subjected to ground motions with intermediate a/v ratio. Key words: earthquakes, seismic, design, response, spectra, base, shear, torsional, provisions.
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Regmi, Sandeep, and Anjay Mishra. "ASSESSMENT OF KNOWLEDGE AND AWARENESS REGARDING MRT OF NBC; A CASE OF TILOTTAMA MUNICIPALITY, NEPAL." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 8, no. 7 (2020): 50–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v8.i7.2020.545.
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The study was carried out to analyze the compliance status of NBC and Byelaws in private housing construction of Tilottama Municipality. The permitted building samples with all necessary documents is taken for research purpose to trace the compliance status of National Building Code and Byelaws in construction of private housing.
Field verification and review of approved drawings and building permits of 51 numbers of households from the total population of 323are selected by purposive sampling method to check the compliance status of NBC and Byelaws provisions. The samples are taken from both ProfessionallyEngineeredBuildingsandMandatoryruleofthumb-(NBC205) buildings constructed in the Tilottama Municipality.
From the study, it is found that after the earthquake concerned stakeholders possess good knowledge of earthquake and its consequences. Knowledge regarding the earthquake resistant design and construction process is found fairly adequate. The perspective of concerned stakeholders towards building code and byelaws are positive. Out of 51 households surveyed, only 7 of the buildings have not complied with all the technical requirements of NBC whereas the building byelaws provisions are found to be effectively implemented by 44 buildings. The adopted process and existing mechanism for the implementation of building code and byelaws by the municipality is not effective as the tracking system of building permit process is ineffective.
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Sucuoğlu, HalÛk. "Implications of Masonry Infill and Partition Damage in Performance Perception in Residential Buildings after a Moderate Earthquake." Earthquake Spectra 29, no. 2 (2013): 661–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.4000147.
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Engineers usually focus on the performance of structural members, whereas the occupants of a residential building are affected mostly by the performance of infill and partition walls in buildings after a moderate earthquake. This often creates controversy and discussion regarding the post-earthquake use of buildings. Seismic rehabilitation codes for existing buildings offer sophisticated measures in rating the seismic performances of structural components, whereas performance measures suggested for infill and other partition walls are crude by comparison. Furthermore, seismic design codes for new buildings totally disregard such disparity, since their force-based approaches are built on single-level performance targets specified implicitly for the entire building under a design level, that is, a rare earthquake. In this paper, performance levels of buildings after an earthquake of moderate intensity are discussed from the viewpoints of engineers and building occupants. Suggestions are made for achieving uniform performance in structures where the seismic forces are resisted by structural members as well as the infills and partition walls coupling with the structural system although the contribution of such walls to seismic resistance and their performance is not usually considered in design.
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E.V., Shipacheva, Pirmatov R. Kh., and Turdalieva M.K. "Heat Engineering Heterogeneity Of The Outer Walls Of Earthquake-Resistant Buildings." American Journal of Interdisciplinary Innovations and Research 02, no. 12 (2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajiir/volume02issue12-01.
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When assessing the level of energy efficiency of civilian buildings, a special place is given to establishing the level of thermal protection of their external enclosing structures. Significant discrepancies in the results of theoretical and experimental studies of heat fluxes through the outer walls of buildings erected in seismic areas are associated with the design features of fences - the presence of reinforced concrete elements in them: anti-seismic belts at the level of floors, cores at intersections of walls and along the edges of large window openings ... In addition, in recent years, external walls have become widespread, which are filling of bricks or aerated concrete blocks between the main structural elements of the frame - monolithic reinforced concrete columns and crossbars. The introduction of reinforced concrete elements into the structure of the external wall fencing provides strength, rigidity and stability of buildings, guarantees its seismic resistance. At the same time, reinforced concrete inclusions are significant “cold bridges” in warmer brick or aerated concrete masonry. Such heat engineering heterogeneity of earthquake-resistant outer walls significantly complicates the process of determining their heat-shielding properties. This, in turn, leads to errors in the design of heating systems, which inevitably affects the thermal comfort of the premises, the formation of condensation and mold zones in the cold zones of the inner surface of the fences. The article presents the results of theoretical and experimental studies to determine the heat-shielding properties of external heat-engineering heterogeneous walls of earthquake-resistant buildings. The most reliable method for calculating the reduced resistance to heat transfer of an inhomogeneous external structure and the coefficient of its thermal inhomogeneity have been established.
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Park, Y. J., A. H.-S. Ang, and Y. K. Wen. "Damage-Limiting Aseismic Design of Buildings." Earthquake Spectra 3, no. 1 (1987): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1585416.
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A procedure for earthquake-resistant design is developed to limit the potential damage of buildings to a tolerable level. The procedure is based on the damage model developed earlier (Park and Ang, 1984) in which structural damage is expressed as a function of the maximum deformation and dissipated hysteretic energy. The tolerable degree of damage is defined on the basis of calibration with observed damages from past major earthquakes. The design method is examined in the context of reliability.
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Hutajulu, Marsaulina, Isa Ansary, and Johannes Tarigan. "Pushover Experiment of Portal Structure with Brick Wall without and with Anchor for Non-Engineered Building." Simetrikal: Journal of Engineering and Technology 1, no. 2 (2019): 114–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/jet.v1i2.735.
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Based on the findings in almost all earthquakes that hit Indonesia, the damaged and collapsed buildings were simple houses built spontaneously (non engineered building), where buildings are built based on practical experience without structural calculations. One form of damage to non-structural components and structures is the relationship between columns and brick walls, where cracks and separation between columns and walls occur due to no anchor. So the design of buildings in the future is safe from the dangers of earthquakes. For earthquakes that are not too large, the building is likely to remain standing with little damage. However, to anticipate a strong earthquake and reduce the adverse effects, the building of a walled wall must be built according to the provisions of earthquake-resistant building construction by providing reinforcement in certain parts such as mounting anchors from column to wall. To find out how much influence from the installation of the anchor from the column to the brick wall, an experimental study was carried out on the walls completed with a foundation, sloof, column and beam. There were 2 specimens, namely specimen that uses the anchor and do not use anchor, so it is expected to know the behavior of mounting anchors. From the test results obtained that a pushover load of 7540 kg and a displacement of 56.5 mm for specimens using anchor while for specimens that did not use anchor had pushover 5666 kg and a displacement of 48 mm. The conclusion is the installation of anchors between column and brick wall can increase
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Ehsan, Salimi Firoozabad, K. Rama Mohan Rao, and Bagheri Bahador. "Determination of Time Period of Vibration Effect on Seismic Performance of Building." Applied Mechanics and Materials 330 (June 2013): 878–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.330.878.
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Most seismic codes specify empirical formulas to obtain the fundamental period of buildings. The equations specified in present IS codes, are according to the available data on the time period of buildings measured from their recorded accelerograms. Shear-wall dominant reinforced concrete buildings, constructed, using codes specification are commonly built in different countries, facing a substantial seismic risk, in spite of their high resistance against ground motions. Current seismic code provisions including the Uniform Building Code (International Conference of Building Officials, Whittier, CA, 1997) and the Indian Seismic Code (Criteria for earthquake resistant design of buildings, fifth revision, 2002) are considered to evaluate the effect of time period on seismic behavior of building.In this study, time period obtained by code formulas are compared with those obtained by modal analysis in SAP2000. Also the top story displacement (as an adequate parameter of determination the seismic performance of building) correspond to the values of mentioned time period are estimated using uniform building code and software respectively. It is observed that current empirical equation for calculating the time period of RCC buildings is rather inaccurate. Also it is shown that the time period has very effective influence on seismic performance of building.
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Oktavianus, Yusak, Helen Goldsworthy, Emad Gad, and Saman Fernando. "The Effect of Consecutive Earthquakes on a Composite Structure Utilising RBRFs." Key Engineering Materials 763 (February 2018): 854–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.763.854.
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Low-damage technologies have been developed in recent years which limit the damage imposed on structural elements when a building is subjected to a very rare earthquake event. This has been achieved by a capacity design approach applied to the connections in which the ductile part of the connections yields and all other structural elements remain elastic. Examples of low-damage connections are the sliding hinge joint in steel buildings and variations associated with this, and a combination of a post-tensioning system and mild steel dissipater in precast concrete and timber buildings. A system developed by the authors uses replaceable buckling restrained fuses (RBRFs) that do not require a post-tensioning system to be used conjointly. This system has been studied both experimentally and numerically. This paper considers the use of RBRFs as an energy dissipation device installed at beam-column connections in composite moment-resistant frames. These RBRFs could be replaced after a major event, and hence would cause little disruption. A 2D building frame has been modelled for a case study and its behaviour under 100-year, 500-year and 2500-year return period earthquake events has been summarised. A consecutive earthquake with a return period of 500 years or 2500 years has been applied to the building following both 500-year and 2500-year return period earthquake events. This study was performed since there is a possibility that the consecutive earthquake would occur prior to the replacement of the RBRFs. The results show that the building could still sustain the consecutive earthquakes with little additional residual displacement.
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English, Lyn D., and Donna T. King. "Designing an Earthquake-Resistant Building." Teaching Children Mathematics 23, no. 1 (2016): 47–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/teacchilmath.23.1.0047.
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Contributors to the iSTEM (Integrating Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) department share ideas and activities that stimulate student interest in the integrated fields of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) in K–grade 6 classrooms. This article is a comprehensive Earthquake Engineering activity that includes the Designing an earthquake-resistant building problem. The task was implemented in sixth-grade classes (10–11-year-olds). Students applied engineering design processes and their understanding of cross-bracing, tapered geometry, and base isolation to create numerous structures, which they tested on a “shaker table.”
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Ecemis, Ali Serdar. "Why buildings collapse in the earthquakes, Turkey case." International Journal of Engineering and Computer Science 9, no. 12 (2020): 25265–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijecs/v9i12.4548.
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Many European countries with shores to the Mediterranean are under earthquake risk. Earthquakes in Turkey in the last 50 years caused lost of more than 50,000 human lives. Reinforced concrete buildings can collapse and cause loss of life even in earthquakes smaller than the design earthquakes defined by the seismic code. In this study, housing construction system and earthquake-resistant buildings in terms of system production problems in Turkey were discussed. The most common damage types after earthquakes are summarized.
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Suwondo, Riza, Martin Gillie, Lee Cunningham, and Colin Bailey. "Effect of earthquake damage on the behaviour of composite steel frames in fire." Advances in Structural Engineering 21, no. 16 (2018): 2589–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1369433218761138.
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Fire loading following earthquake loading is possible in any building in a seismic-prone area. However, most design approaches do not consider fire following earthquake as a specific loading case. Moreover, seismic design philosophies allow a certain degree of damage in structural elements which make structures more vulnerable when subjected to post-earthquake fire. This study uses three-dimensional numerical models to investigate the effect of earthquake damage on the fire resistance of composite steel-frame office buildings. A total of two types of earthquake damage, fire insulation delamination and residual lateral frame deformation, are investigated. It is concluded that earthquake damage can significantly reduce the fire resistance of composite buildings, with delamination of fire protection having the greatest effect. The results of this study can be used by designers to improve the post-earthquake fire resistance of composite buildings.
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Kyrkos, Miltiadis T., and Stavros A. Anagnostopoulos. "Improved earthquake resistant design of eccentric steel buildings." Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 47 (April 2013): 144–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2012.07.011.
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PANAGIOTAKOS, T. B., and M. N. FARDIS. "DEFORMATION-CONTROLLED EARTHQUAKE-RESISTANT DESIGN OF RC BUILDINGS." Journal of Earthquake Engineering 3, no. 4 (1999): 495–518. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13632469909350357.
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Aoyama, H. "Recent development in seismic design of reinforced concrete buildings in Japan." Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 24, no. 4 (1991): 333–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.24.4.333-340.
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Japan experienced a quick development of highrise reinforced concrete frame-type apartment building construction, about 30 stories high, in the last decade. Outline of this development is first introduced in terms of planning of buildings, materials, construction methods, earthquake resistant design and dynamic response analysis. This quick development was made possible by, among others, the available high strength concrete and steel. In an attempt to further promote development of new and advanced reinforced concrete building structures, a five-year national project was started in 1988 in Japan, promoted by the Building Research Institute, Ministry of Construction. Outline of this project is introduced in the second part of this paper. It aims at the development and use of concrete up to 120 MPa, and steel up to 1200 MPa.
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Alam, Md Shaharier, and Shamim Mahabubul Haque. "Seismic vulnerability evaluation of educational buildings of Mymensingh city, Bangladesh using rapid visual screening and index based approach." International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment 11, no. 3 (2020): 379–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijdrbe-07-2019-0043.
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Purpose Seismic vulnerability evaluation of various public structures, especially school buildings, is very crucial for designing hazard mitigation initiatives in seismic prone areas. The city of Mymensingh is at great risk of earthquake because of its geographical location, geological structure and proximity to active faults. The city is famous for its ancient and renowned educational institutes that need to be evaluated for understanding the seismic performance of the building during an earthquake. This study aims to evaluate the seismic vulnerability of educational buildings of Mymensingh city using rapid visual screening (RVS) and index based approach. Design/methodology/approach RVS procedure includes field survey and secondary source assessment for evaluating structural vulnerability attributes. Analytical hierarchy process is applied to develop an index focusing on systematic attributes of vulnerability based on expert opinions. Then, a composite vulnerability map is developed combining both structural and systematic vulnerability score providing an equal weight. Findings This study evaluates the seismic vulnerability of 458 educational buildings of Mymensingh city and the result shows that 23.14% educational building has high, 46.29% has moderate and 26.86% has moderately low and only 3.71% buildings has the low seismic vulnerability. This study expected to be helpful in resource targeting and prioritizing seismic hazard mitigation activities for education buildings of Mymensingh city. Originality/value This study endeavors to present a comprehensive vulnerability assessment method by integrating RVS and index based approach that incorporates both structural and systematic dimensions of vulnerability. The result is expected to be helpful in the formulation of disaster prevention policy for vulnerable educational buildings and development of the earthquake-resistant building codes for the new building construction in Mymensingh city.
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Zhou, Guo Liang, and Hui Tang. "Modal Analysis and Seismic Response Evaluation on Structures of Advanced PWR." Advanced Materials Research 838-841 (November 2013): 1471–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.838-841.1471.
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To evaluate the earthquake resistant behavior of the nuclear island buildings of new generation PWR, in this study we formed the three dimensional finite element model of nuclear island structures ,which incluse shield building, the auxiliary building, the containment vessel, and the containment internal structures. Modal analysis was performed to to reveal the structural dynamic characteristics.And with the auumption of hard bedrock support media ,the dynamic response nanalysis of the nuclear structures under earthquake was conducted,respectively with response spectrum method and time history method.It shows that the seimic response of the strucures conform with the design level.Under the input excitations of SSE(safe shutdown earthquake) level, the iner forces and deforamtions can be well controlled in linear elasticity.
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Stiemer, S. F., and B. B. Barwig. "Seismic base isolation for steel structures." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 12, no. 1 (1985): 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l85-008.
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Base isolation is a strategy for a design of buildings in areas where seismic loads govern. It enables the reduction of earthquake excitation to an acceptable level, without an increase of structural acceleration. This paper presents the results of the experimental investigations of various schemes of first-storey designs for steel buildings with base isolation.A scaled-down steel frame building was used for the shaking table tests, which were conducted in the Earthquake Simulator Laboratory of the University of British Columbia. The base-storey design was altered while the dynamic response of the frame was recorded. The base isolation consisted of steel roller bearings with parallel steel yield rings, to limit excessive displacements and provide wind restraint.The proposed base storey is substantially different from conventional solutions. The variation in the base-storey design was aimed at the elimination of the blind base storey or double foundation in order to increase the economy of the base-isolation system. The experimental tests showed suitable design approaches, and analytical studies to optimize them will follow.It was verified that uncoupling of buildings from the earthquake ground motion is relatively simple to achieve. Certain restraint is required to resist wind and other horizontal loads. This is usually achieved by mechanical fuses or energy absorbers. A solid state energy absorber was used in the described tests. Key words: base-isolation system for buildings, earthquake-resistant steel structures, experimental investigations, retrofit system.
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Elwi, Mohammed, Bassman Muhammed, and Nada Alhussiny. "Evaluation of soil-structure interaction for structures subjected to earthquake loading with different types of foundation." MATEC Web of Conferences 162 (2018): 04026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201816204026.
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However though the structures are supported on soil, most of the designers do not consider the soil structure interaction and its subsequent effect on structure during an earthquake. Different soil properties can affect seismic waves as they pass through a soil layer. When a structure is subjected to an earthquake excitation, it interacts the foundation and soil, and thus changes the motion of the ground. It means that the movement of the whole ground structure system is influenced by type of soil as well as by the type of structure. Tall buildings are supposed to be of engineered construction in sense that they might have been analyzed and designed to meet the provision of relevant codes of practice and building bye-laws. IS 1893: 2002 “Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures” gives response spectrum for different types of soil such as hard, medium and soft. An attempt has been made in this paper to study the effect of Soil-structure interaction on multi storeyed buildings with various foundation systems. Also to study the response of buildings subjected to seismic forces with Rigid and Flexible foundations. Multi storeyed buildings with fixed and flexible support subjected to seismic forces were analyzed under different soil conditions like hard, medium and soft. The buildings were analyzed by Response spectrum method using software SAP2000. The response of building frames such as Lateral deflection, Story drift, Base shear, Axial force and Column moment values for all building frames were presented in this paper.
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Tsuneki, Yasuhiro, Shingo Torii, Katsuhide Murakami, and Toshiyuki Sueoka. "Middle-Story Isolated Structural System of High-Rise Building." Journal of Disaster Research 4, no. 3 (2009): 229–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2009.p0229.
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For buildings of normal earthquake-resistant construction, it is essential to provide their structural frame with sufficient rigidity and strength horizontally and vertically, ensuring a uniform distribution of rigidity and strength in the plane. To this end, it is typical that those buildings adopt the same type of construction and structural system. On the other hand, in buildings of general base-isolation construction, their upper structure, which is supported by a base isolation layer, undergoes lessened seismic forces and therefore is able to tolerate concentration of rigidity and strength. This makes them available for construction with any types of structural systems, which in turn allows new structural planning realizing a greater freedom in architectural design; the same type of construction and structural system for the upper structure is generally adopted. In contrast, when a high-rise building is provided with an isolation layer in an intermediate level, its upper structure, which is placed above the isolation layer, has high seismic resistance as a seismic isolation structure. And a mass damper effect contributes to decrease in seismic responses in the lower structure, ensuring high seismic resistance of a building. This paper describes the physical properties of a seismic isolation layer system which is built at an middle-story of a building. It also introduce buildings by which potentials for new architectural planning are proposed through the use of this system.