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1
Kim, Yoon Duk. "Behavior and design of metal building frames using general prismatic and web-tapered steel I-section members." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/33965.
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Metal building frames are typically designed using welded prismatic and web-tapered members with doubly-symmetric and/or singly-symmetric cross sections. Until recently, the base U.S. provisions for design of frames with web-tapered members were provided in the AISC ASD (1989) and LRFD (1999) Specifications. Unfortunately, these previous AISC provisions address only a small range of practical designs. As a result, metal building manufacturers have tended to develop their own methods for design of the wide range of nonprismatic member geometries and configurations encountered in practice.
This research develops new design procedures for design of frames using general prismatic members and web-tapered members. An equivalent prismatic member concept utilized in prior research and the prior AISC provisions is generalized to accommodate the broad range of member types and configurations commonly used in metal building industry. Furthermore, the new design procedures incorporate many of the improvements achieved in the AISC (2005&2010) Specifications to metal building frame design. These improvements include a new stability design method, the direct analysis method, more complete considerations of different column buckling limit states (flexural, torsional and flexural-torsional buckling), and improved axial load and flexural resistance provisions. This research develops practical design-based procedures for simplified calculation of the elastic buckling resistances of prismatic and web-tapered members to facilitate the application of the proposed design methods. In addition, this research performs a relatively comprehensive assessment of beam lateral torsional buckling (LTB) behavior and strength of prismatic and web-tapered members using refined virtual test simulation. It is demonstrated that web-tapered members behave in a comparable fashion to prismatic members. Based on the virtual simulation study, recommendations for potential improvement of the AISC LTB resistance equations are provided. Lastly, the strength behavior of several representative metal building frames is studied in detail using the same virtual test simulation capabilities developed and applied for the assessment of the beam LTB resistances.
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Xuereb, K. "Future-proofing buildings : a novel approach to measure the performance of building structures." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2015. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1465688/.
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This research is a fundamental step towards intelligent building structures with load sensing characteristics. It is argued, with evidence from industry leaders, that these will become ubiquitous. It draws inspiration from developments in structural health monitoring of infrastructure projects. It addresses the current gap between the intellectual effort spent by design teams to conceive building structures that satisfy client brief and informational lacunae on the performance of the building structures. This gap restricts opportunities to adapt buildings in future investment cycles. The research poses a challenge: ‘can a novel system be implemented in a building structure to allow real-time monitoring of the performance of key structural elements?’ effectively moving towards intelligent, adaptable buildings. Infrastructure projects which had structural health monitoring systems implemented to monitor and mitigate damage are reviewed. These served as analogues on how to harness data acquired by sensors, transfer them to the building management system and inform decision making. The hypothesis that there is a need to incorporate smart sensors in building structures was put to the test in interviews with thirty business leaders in the construction industry. These interviews identified key attributes that needed to be satisfied by the sensors. Novel stress sensors based on nanocomposite polymer films were explored and tested in laboratory-based experiments both under short-term and long-term loading. The sensitivity of the sensors to a change in load was assessed. Scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy were carried out to assess the characteristics of the sensors. A novel stress sensor, based on a carbon nanotube/polycarboxylate polymer film sandwiched between cement grout layers, was found to be the most sensitive to change in electrical resistance measured when the imposed load was changed. A gauge factor two orders of magnitude greater than the highest factor reported to date on research on stress sensors was determined. This research prepares the ground and maps out the strategic and tactical challenges that are needed to arrive at operational, long timescale, load sensing for buildings.
3
Bashardanesh, Mohammad. "Historic Persian buildings and structures: windwards, refrigerators and structural foundations." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017.
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Architecture in life is the light of the culture in any society and closely relates with historical, political, economic and social aspects of the society. Persian architecture and building construction should be properly examined from the depths of the history of this ancient land. Persian architecture goes back to six centuries before Christ and it has over 6000 years of continuous history. Since then ever, architecture has been related to various issues, especially religious, and has developed and evolved for centuries.
Persian architecture has features that in comparison with other countries are of particular value. Properties such as good design, precise calculations, the correct form of coverage, compliance with technical and scientific issues in the building, high balconies, tall pillars and the various decorations that each of them represent the magnificent of Persian architecture.
This study assumes that architecture and building construction are the full manifestation of human culture, and focus on some of the important elements in traditional Persian architecture: windwards, traditional refrigerators and foundations.
4
Minson, A. J. "Use of laser Doppler anemometer measurements near model buildings to determine wind loading on building attachments." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.358654.
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Robertson, Kathryn Louise. "Probabilistic seismic design and assessment methodologies for the new generation of damage resistant structures." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Civil Engineering, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1093.
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Following the evolution of a damage avoidance design (DAD) frame system, with rocking beam-column joints, at the University of Canterbury, analytical studies are carried out to evaluate the performance of proposed structures, and verify the proposed design methodology. A probabilistic seismic risk assessment methodology is proposed, from which the expected annualised financial loss (EAL) of a structure can be calculated. EAL provides a consistent basis for comparison of DAD frame systems with state-of-practice ductile monolithic construction. Such comparison illustrates the superior performance of DAD frame systems. The proposed probabilistic seismic assessment methodology requires the response of the structure to be evaluated over a range of seismic intensities. This can be achieved by carrying out an incremental dynamic analysis, explicitly considering seismic randomness and uncertainty; or from a pushover analysis, and assuming an appropriate value of the dispersion. By combining this information with the seismic hazard, probabilistic response curves can be derived, which when combined with information about damage states for the particular structure, can be transformed into 'resilience curves'. Integration of information regarding the financial loss occurring due to each of the damage states, results in an estimate of EAL.
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Isaksson, Jonas, and Mathias Werborg. "Jämförelse mellan BIM-verktygen Revit Structure och Tekla Structures." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH, Byggnadsteknik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-16011.
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Tsang, Chun Wang. "Pedestrian-level wind environment around buildings--with special reference to the effects of building dimensions, building separation and podium structure /." View abstract or full-text, 2009. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?CIVL%202009%20TSANG.
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Tuken, Ahmet. "Quantifying Seismic Design Criteria For Concrete Buildings." Phd thesis, METU, 2003. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12604907/index.pdf.
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The amount of total and relative sway of a framed or a composite (frame-shear wall) building is of utmost importance in assessing the seismic resistance of the building. Therefore, the design engineer must calculate the sway profile of the building several times during the design process.
However, it is not a simple task to calculate the sway of a three-dimensional structure. Of course, computer programs can do the job, but developing the three-dimensional model becomes necessary, which is obviously tedious and time consuming.
An easy to apply analytical method is developed, which enables the determination of sway profiles of framed and composite buildings subject to seismic loading. Various framed and composite three-dimensional buildings subject to lateral seismic loads are solved by SAP2000 and the proposed analytical method. The sway profiles are compared and found to be in very good agreement. In most cases, the amount of error involved is less than 5 %.
The analytical method is applied to determine sway magnitudes at any desired elevation of the building, the relative sway between two consecutive floors, the slope at any desired point along the height and the curvature distribution of the building from foundation to roof level.
After sway and sway-related properties are known, the requirements of the Turkish Earthquake Code can be evaluated and / or checked.
By using the analytical method, the amount of shear walls necessary to satisfy Turkish Earthquake Code requirements are determined. Thus, a vital design question has been answered, which up till present time, could only be met by rough empirical guidelines.
A mathematical derivation is presented to satisfy the strength requirement of a three-dimensional composite building subject to seismic loading. Thus, the occurrence of shear failure before moment failure in the building is securely avoided.
A design procedure is developed to satisfy the stiffness requirement of composite buildings subject to lateral seismic loading. Some useful tools, such as executable user-friendly programs written by using &ldquo<br>Borland Delphi&rdquo<br>, have been developed to make the analysis and design easy for the engineer.
A method is also developed to satisfy the ductility requirement of composite buildings subject to lateral seismic loading based on a plastic analysis. The commonly accepted sway ductility of &<br>#956<br>&<br>#916<br>=5 has been used and successful seismic energy dissipation is thus obtained.
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Senatore, G. "Adaptive building structures." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2016. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1526515/.
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This thesis presents the formulation of a novel methodology to design adaptive structures. This method is based on improving structural performances through the reduction of the embodied energy in the material at the cost of a small increase in operational energy necessary for structural adaptation and sensing. In structural design, members are sized so that they have the capacity to meet the worst expected ‘effect’ or ‘demand’ from all load cases. If embodied energy is to be saved, clearly, member sizing should not be governed directly by the worst demand but by some fraction of it. The design method proposed here seeks to synthesise structural configurations which can be thought of as a hybrid between a passive and a fully active structure. Instead of using more material to cope with the effect of loads, here strategically located active elements (actuators) provide controlled output energy to manipulate actively the internal flow of forces into more efficient load paths (i.e. stress homogenisation) and keep displacements within desired limits by changing the shape of the structure. To ensure the embodied energy saved this way is not used up to by actuation, the adaptive solution is designed to cope with ordinary loading events using only passive load bearing capacity whilst relying on active control to deal with events that have a smaller probability of occurrence (e.g. wind storms, snow, earthquakes, unusual crowds but also moving loads such as trains). A nested optimisation scheme finds the active-passive system that corresponds to the minimum of the sum of embodied and operational energy. This work on adaptive structures comprises both a numerical and an experimental component. Numerical simulations and experimental tests carried out on a purpose-built large scale prototype confirmed that substantial savings up to 60% of the total energy can be achieved by adaptive solutions.
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Gaiotti, Regina. "Interactive effects of non-structural elements on the behaviour of tall building structures." Thesis, McGill University, 1990. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=39225.
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The lateral stiffening effects of cladding and partition walls, which are usually unaccounted for in a building structure's design, are investigated in this research project. Direct and iterative, linear elastic finite element analyses of representative modules of these components and their supporting primary structure were performed. These were used to study their general lateral load behaviour, and to establish their modes of interaction and induced forces. As a result, new and practical analogous strut models have been devised to allow their incorporation in, and the analysis of, the total building structure. The strut models permitted the effects of the non-structural elements' interaction on the static and dynamic responses of tall building structures to be studied. The ultimate objective of this work has been to contribute towards the development of new procedures of analysis and design of building structures braced by precast concrete cladding panels and non-loadbearing concrete blockwork walls.
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De, Wolf Catherine (Catherine Elvire Lieve). "Low carbon pathways for structural design : embodied life cycle impacts of building structures." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/111491.
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Thesis: Ph. D. in Building Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Architecture, 2017.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (pages 151-174).<br>Whole life cycle emissions of buildings include not only operational carbon due to their use phase, but also embodied carbon due to the rest of their life cycle: material extraction, transport to the site, construction, and demolition. With ongoing population growth and increasing urbanization, decreasing immediate and irreversible embodied carbon emissions is imperative. With feedback from a wide range of stakeholders - architects, structural engineers, policy makers, rating-scheme developers, this research presents an integrated assessment approach to compare embodied life cycle impacts of building structures. Existing literature indicates that there is an urgent need for benchmarking the embodied carbon of building structures. To remediate this, a rigorous and transparent methodology is presented on multiple scales. On the material scale, a comparative analysis defines reliable Embodied Carbon Coefficients (ECC, expressed in kgCO2e/kg) for the structural materials concrete, steel, and timber. On the structural scale, data analysis evaluates the Structural Material Quantities (SMQ, expressed in kg/m²) and the embodied carbon for existing building structures (expressed in kgCO2e/m²). An interactive database of building projects is created in close collaboration with leading structural design firms worldwide. Results show that typical buildings range between 200 and 550 kgCO2e/m² on average, but these results can vary widely dependent on structural systems, height, size, etc. On the urban scale, an urban modeling method to simulate the embodied carbon of neighborhoods is proposed and applied to a Middle Eastern case study. A series of extreme low carbon case studies are analyzed. Results demonstrate that a novel design approach can lead to buildings with an embodied carbon as low as 30 kgCO2e/m² which is an order of magnitude lower than conventional building structures today. Two pathways are implemented to lower the embodied carbon of structures: choosing low carbon materials (low ECC) and optimizing the structural efficiency of buildings (low SMQ). This research recommends new pathways for low carbon structural design, crucial for lowering carbon emissions in the built environment.<br>by Catherine De Wolf.<br>Ph. D. in Building Technology
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Van, Noordwyk Arina. "Quantifying the sustainability of the built environment : the development of a complete environmental life cycle assessment tool." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96923.
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Thesis (MEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Sustainability is becoming an increasingly important aspect in all facets of engineering. It is in particular an
important consideration in the structural engineering industry, due to the prominence of the negative impact
this industry has on the environment, both on a national and international scale.
The problem, however, is that sustainability is a mostly unknown and highly debated topic. It is not only
difficult to quantify, but even difficult just to define. In the field of structural engineering it is an especially
difficult task to consider sustainability. It is still a very new field of research and difficult to apply. It is therefore
important that continued research be done in order for there to be a better understanding of how
sustainability should be considered and applied in the context of structures.
In an attempt to assess the environmental impact of building structures, there are two basic approaches that
are followed. The first, the application-oriented method, is a simple, points-based system. The second, the
analysis-oriented method, makes use of detailed indices and factors to quantify the impact. This study aims to
develop an analysis-oriented method, specifically designed for the complete life cycle of buildings in the South
African environment. This is accomplished by continuing the work that was started by Brewis (2011), and
continued by Brits (2012).
Brewis developed the approach for the pre-use phase, while Brits developed the approach for the end-of-life
phase. Both focussed their application on low-cost housing development. However, the approach is defined
for the use of the analysis of a building envelope. The details of developing the environmental life cycle
assessment (LCA), as well as the approaches for the pre-use phase and the end-of life phase are discussed in
Chapter 3.
The study develops the use phase of the proposed environmental life cycle assessment for buildings in Chapter
4. It discusses in detail the two main components of the use phase, namely maintenance and operation. While
maintenance is concerned with the replacement of building materials in the structure, the operation
component is concerned with the energy needs during the use phase.
It is determined that the energy use that is directly related to the building envelope is the energy required for
the space heating and cooling of the building. This is due to the fact that the thermal properties of the building
envelope influence the thermal environment within the building, and thereby impact the use of energy to
regulate that thermal environment.
In order to make the most use of both of these components within the application of the proposed LCA, it was
decided to model a residential building structure that uses consistent energy to regulate the thermal
environment within the structure.
However, it is not only the objective to use the proposed LCA as an assessment tool, but also as a comparative
and optimisation tool. Therefore one component, the external walls, was selected as a variable component.
This component was varied to form a total of nine different buildings. These nine buildings were then used in a
comparative study in order to try to determine an optimum choice of external walling system, based on the
results of the environmental impacts determined in the LCA. It is also used to try to explain exactly how and to
what extent the external walling system contributes to the environmental impact, and what useful application
value we can gain from this knowledge. The results showed that a minor increase in the materials impact (due to attempts to improve the thermal
capacity of the external walls) were in most cases countered by a decrease in the energy impact, which in
seven of the eight alternative external walling systems led to a net decrease in environmental impact (EI)
categories one to four. It was also found that with the increase of the R-value of the external walling systems, the environmental
impact of the building steadily decreased, in terms of four of the five impact categories.
The only exception to these trends was found in the fifth impact category: waste generation. The reason for
this is the fact that energy impact in this environmental impact category is negligible, and therefore does not
contribute much to the net change in environmental impact.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die belangrikheid van volhoubaarheid neem al hoe meer toe in alle aspekte van ingenieurswese. In die
industrie van struktuuringenieurswese is dit van besonderse belang as gevolg van die prominente negatiewe
impak van hierdie industrie op die omgewing, op beide ’n nasionale en internasionale skaal.
Die probleem is egter dat volhoubaarheid nog meestal gesien word as ʼn onderwerp wat onbekend en hoogs
debatteerbaar is. Dit is nie net moeilik om te kwantifiseer nie, maar selfs moeilik om dit net te definieer. In
struktuuringenieurswese is dit veral ʼn moeilike taak om volhoubaarheid in ag te neem. Dit is nog ʼn baie jong
studieveld wat moeilik is om toe te pas. Dit is dus van uiterse belang dat verdere navorsing gedoen word sodat
daar ʼn beter begrip kan wees van hoe volhoubaarheid op die lewensiklus van strukture toegepas kan word.
In 'n poging om die omgewingsimpak van die geboustrukture te evalueer, is daar twee basiese benaderings
wat gevolg kan word. Die eerste, die toepassingsgeoriënteerde metode, is 'n eenvoudige, punte-gebaseerde
stelsel. Die tweede, die analise-georiënteerde metode maak gebruik van gedetailleerde indekse en faktore om
die omgewingsimpak te kwantifiseer. Hierdie studie beoog om 'n analise-georiënteerde metode te ontwikkel,
wat spesifiek ontwerp is vir die analise van die volledige lewensiklus van geboue in die Suid-Afrikaanse
omgewing. Dit word gedoen deur die voortsetting van die werk wat begin is deur Brewis (2011), en voortgesit
is deur Brits (2012).
Brewis het die benadering vir die eerste fase (voor-gebruik) ontwikkel, terwyl Brits die benadering vir die finale
fase (einde-van-lewe) ontwikkel het. Beide het die fokus van hul toepassings geplaas op lae-koste behuising.
Die benaderings is egter gedefinieer vir die algemene analise van ʼn gebou se raamwerk. Die besonderhede van
die ontwikkeling van die omgewingslewensiklus analise (OLA), asook die benaderings vir die eerste en finale
fases, word in Hoofstuk 3 bespreek.
Die studie ontwikkel die gebruiksfase van die voorgestelde omgewingslewensiklus analise vir geboue in
Hoofstuk 4. Dit bespreek die twee hoofkomponente van die gebruiksfase, naamlik die instandhouding en
bedryf. Terwyl instandhouding gemoeid is met die vervanging van boumateriale in die struktuur, is die
bedryfskomponent gemoeid met die energie behoeftes tydens die gebruiksfase.
Dit word bepaal dat die energie verbruik wat ʼn direkte verband het met die gebou se raamwerk, die energie is
wat nodig is vir die verhitting en verkoeling van die gebou. Dit is te danke aan die feit dat die termiese
eienskappe van die gebou se raamwerk die termiese omgewing binne die gebou beïnvloed, en sodoende 'n
impak het op die energie wat benodig word om die temperatuur te reguleer.
In ʼn poging om die spektrum van die voorgestelde OLA ten volle te benut, is dit besluit om die toepassing
daarvan te illustreer op 'n residensiële gebou wat van konsekwente energieverbruik gebruik maak om die
termiese omgewing binne die gebou te reguleer.
Dit is egter nie net die doel om die voorgestelde OLA te gebruik as 'n assesseringsinstrument nie, maar ook om
die OLA se funksie as ’n vergelykende en optimaliseringshulpmiddel te illustreer. Dus is een komponent, die
eksterne mure, gekies as 'n veranderlike komponent. Hierdie komponent is gewissel om 'n totaal van nege
verskillende geboue te vorm. Hierdie nege geboue is gebruik in 'n vergelykende studie in 'n poging om 'n
optimale keuse van eksterne mure te bepaal, gebaseer op die resultate van die omgewingsimpak wat in die
OLA te bepaal is. Dit word ook gebruik om te probeer om te verduidelik presies hoe en tot watter mate die
eksterne mure bydra by tot die omgewingsimpak, en watter nuttige toepassingswaarde geput kan word uit
hierdie kennis.
Die resultate het getoon dat 'n toename in die materiaal impak (weens pogings om die termiese kapasiteit van
die eksterne mure te verbeter) in die meeste gevalle teengewerk is deur 'n afname in die energie impak. In sewe van die agt alternatiewe eksterne muurstelsels het dit gelei tot 'n netto afname in omgewingsimpak vir
kategorieë een tot vier.
Dit is ook gevind dat die omgewingsimpak van die gebou stelselmatig gedaal het met die toename van die Rwaarde
van die eksterne muurstelsels, ook in terme van kategorieë een tot vier.
Die enigste uitsondering op hierdie tendense is gevind in die vyfde impak kategorie: die afval wat gegenereer
word. Die feit dat die effek van energie verbruik gering is in hierdie omgewingsimpak kategorie, lei tot die feit
dat dit nie veel bydra tot die netto verandering in die omgewingsimpak nie.
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Hoxha, Elda. "Sustainability of Building Structures." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018.
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The aim of this research is to explore the sustainability of the existing residential buildings and to analyse how sustainability can be assessed if sustainable materials and technologies would be used.
The main objectives are concentrated in providing a general knowledge of sustainability and to examine how much sustainable the residential buildings are. To analyze the various technologies and materials that can be used in order to reduce the climate-altering emissions, to improve energy efficiency, to reduce costs and to improve the living conditions. Providing knowledge and tools for the sustainable re-design of existing buildings, which will be addressed to environmental, technical, economic and social feasibility of proposed measures, and to energy control. For the analysis, different case studies in different countries will be studied and then a life-cycle approach will be applied to a theoretical residential building, and all the relevant impact categories for the selected type of buildings will be taken into account.
In order to analyze the sustainability of the building, a qualitative research will be done using literature sources, international database, journal articles, technical and official reports from the government or group researchers patented and SimaPro software. Materials and dimensions will be defined and will be studied the integrated energy performance, CO2 emissions, global warming, acoustic comfort, thermal comfort, indoor environmental quality for existing residential building structures. All these steps will be taken in order to allow an LCA analysis of the materials of the residential buildings and to define when can be considered that the system has actually been sustained.
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Pradhan, Sweata. "Why people build the way they do the shaping of the built environment of Gangtok /." Muncie, Ind. : Ball State University, 2008. http://cardinalscholar.bsu.edu/381.
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Farzin, Moghaddam Maryam. "Evaluating Intelligence In Intelligent Buildings Case Studies In Turkey." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614438/index.pdf.
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Advances in technologies and the idea of incorporating technological solutions into buildings have made it possible to provide more comfortable and secure spaces for living or working. The term &ldquo<br>intelligent building&rdquo<br>is becoming very popular in terms of attaching prestige to a project and improving its desirability. However too many buildings are claimed to be intelligent and adaptive to change but, without an appropriate understanding of intelligent building concept and also capabilities of assessing an intelligent building, it is not possible to judge such claims. In view of the fact that truly intelligent buildings provide their occupants with efficient facilities and comfortable space, many experts and researchers have discussed the characteristics of intelligent buildings and come up with different definitions and assessment systems, but none agree with each other completely.
The aim of this study was to evaluate intelligence in intelligent buildings and provide responsiveness clues in terms of system efficiency and user convenience to find out whether buildings claimed to be intelligent meet the intelligence requirements or not.
v
After conducting a literature survey to identify main intelligence characteristics, two buildings both claimed to be intelligent and able to provide occupants with healthy, secure and comfortable space, were selected as the case studies. The intelligent building principals and specific design considerations together with efficient system integration and system requirements were examined in the case studies. It was concluded that, even though case studies were admired in terms of holding commercial value and applying new technologies but there existed a lack in either employing or incorporating that technologies to meet desired responsiveness and dynamism which, are main attributes of intelligent buildings.
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Krishnan, Swaminathan. "Three-Dimensional Nonlinear Analysis of Tall Irregular Steel Buildings Subject to Strong Ground Motion." Thesis, Pasadena : California Institute of Technology, Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, 2004. http://caltecheerl.library.caltech.edu.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--California Institute of Technology, 2003.<br>"September 2003." Includes bibliographical references. EERL report series available at their website: http://caltecheerl.library.caltech.edu.
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Sentosa, Bastian Okto Bangkit. "Assessing the structural elements of reinforced concrete buildings by using dynamic measurements." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAA008/document.
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Les applications des mesures dynamiques sur les bâtiments existants sont nombreuses : vérification de la vulnérabilité sismique des structures qui ont été construites avant l’apparition des règles parasismiques ; auscultation de la capacité des structures en situation post-sismique ou après des modifications au voisinage (creusement d’un tunnel à côté ou démolition des immeubles voisins par exemple). A l’heure actuelle, ce type de mesure permet le diagnostic d’une structure à l’échelle globale (toute la structure) alors que l’identification et la localisation des endommagements à l’échelle locale (chaque élément de la structure) restent encore à approfondir. Dans le cadre de cette thèse, le diagnostic à l’échelle locale des structures sera étudié. Cette thèse s’insère dans un contexte national de réévaluation des structures existantes du fait du nombre important de bâtiments à réhabiliter. Au sein du LOCIE, nous pensons que le comportement global des bâtiments est certes influencé par l’interaction sol-structure mais au moins autant par la qualité des connexions des éléments de structures entre eux. Il existe un besoin de qualification de ces connexions dont la variabilité du comportement peut provenir aussi bien de défauts de mise en œuvre (positionnement des armatures,…) que du vieillissement des structures. L’objectif principal de cette thèse est de proposer une méthode pouvant caractériser les liaisons entre les éléments de structure afin de pouvoir caler un modèle numérique. Ces caractérisations devaient être possibles à partir de mesures de sollicitations dynamiques. Une première étape de ce travail consistera à caractériser sur une partie de structure une liaison. Cela sera fait sur un portique en béton armé. Par la suite, cette méthode sera adaptée à une caractérisation au sein d’une structure de bâtiment. Pour cela nous ferons appel à la notion de sous-modèle. Un modèle numérique sera associé à cette méthode aussi bien sur la connexion simple que sur l’ensemble du bâtiment. Le travail de thèse s’appuiera sur l’utilisation et le développement de techniques concernant le traitement des données dynamiques ; la réduction de modèles ; l’expérimentation en laboratoire (échelle locale et échelle d’un élément de structure) et la modélisation numérique par éléments finis à plusieurs échelles<br>There are many of the examples of dynamics measurements applications in the existing building: verification of structural seismic vulnerability, which was constructed before the earthquake building code; auscultation of structural capacity in post-earthquake situation or after modification in surround environment (Excavation of tunnel or demolition the neighbour buildings for example). Currently, this measurement type enables the diagnosis a structure in global scale (a whole structure) while identification and localization of damage in local scale (each elements of the structure) remains to be explored. In this dissertation, diagnosis in locale scale will be studied. This study is significant for its contribution to the national reassessment of existing structures where there is the large number of buildings to be rehabilitated
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Hoemann, John M. "Experimental evaluation of structural composites for blast resistant design." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/5045.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007.<br>The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on April 9, 2009) Includes bibliographical references.
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Thomas, Emmett E. Jr. "The Search For Structure in a Baptist Church." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31004.
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First Baptist Church of Guilford in Columbia, MD is seeking a design for its fourth church due to its ever increasing membership. The needs of its members and surrounding community are however not limited to worship but also include the desire for commercial areas for business ventures, day care, and recreational facilities. These desires have the making of a â Super Churchâ which has become all too common in metropolitan areas.
The requirements of a growing church body requires the architect to have an understanding of the denomination, liturgy, and possess the design creativity to construct a structural envelope that is suitable for a religious building.
The purpose of this thesis is to explore alternative prototypical structural and architectural solutions in response to the building program created by the Architectural Committee and their design consultants.<br>Master of Architecture
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Parsa, Amanullah. "EFFECT OF BUILDING ORIENTATION ON STRUCTURAL RESPONSE OF REINFORCED CONCRETE MOMENT RESISTING FRAME STRUCTURES." OpenSIUC, 2020. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2698.
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In time history analysis of structures, the geometric mean of two orthogonal horizontal components of ground motion in the as-recorded direction of sensors, have been used as measure of ground motion intensity prior to the 2009 NEHRP provision. The 2009 NEHRP Provisions and accordingly the seismic design provisions of the ASCE/SEI 7-10, modified the definition of ground motion intensity measure from geometric mean to the maximum direction ground motion, corresponding to the direction that results in peak response of the oscillator. Maximum direction response spectra are assumed to envelope the range of maximum possible responses over all nonredundant rotation angles. Two assumptions are made in the use maximum ground motion as the intensity measure: (1) the structure’s strength and stiffness properties are identical in all directions and (2) azimuth of the maximum spectral acceleration coincides with the one of the principal axes of the structure. The implications of these assumptions are examined in this study, using 3D computer models of multi-story structures having symmetric and asymmetric layouts and elastic vibration period of 0.2 second and 1.0 second subjected to a set of 25 ground-motion pairs recorded at a distance of more than 20 km from the fault. The influence of the ground-motion rotation angle on structural response (here lateral displacement and story drift) is examined to form benchmarks for evaluating the use of the maximum direction (MD) ground motions. The results of this study suggest that while MD ground motions do not always result in largest structural response, they tend to produce larger response than the as-recorded ground motions. On the other hand, more research on non-linear seismic time history analysis is recommended, especially for asymmetric layout plan buildings.
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Sasson, Leora. "Investigation of a tall building structure : the spiral building." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/38043.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 1995.<br>10717498<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaves 227-229).<br>by Leora Sasson.<br>M.S.
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Ghielmetti, Daniel Vincent. "Building Structure: Underlying Architectonical Duties." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/56673.
Full textAbstract:
When experiencing a building's interior or exterior conditions, one may be inclined to 'feel-out' its spatial and volumetric proportions, judge their appropriateness, its quality of formal conditions, its power, its clearness of the structure, and get a sense for the way its architecture was placed onto the site.
It is said that, 'knowledge is key', and knowing how a building is soundly and structurally assembled and seated onto the earth -- is key.
This thought brings to the table an important question, why do we build beautifully sound and monolithic (at times) structural systems then choose to cover them up entirely? In the context of the Washington, D.C.'s current building climate -- why must we build a dense grove of slender wood posts atop concrete plinths only to cover them up in clothing with certain ephemeral stylistic ideas?
Obvious reasons such as insulation and weatherproofing are valid, but thermal barrier technology now allows for exposing the raw architectural elements without sacrificing thermal qualities.
Can we use this technology to our advantage, and if so, how would one begin to conceive of a structural system which celebrates the bearing members in an architectural manner?
Are there ways to interact more directly with the structure itself?
In what manner will the site specific and environmental constraints play a role in making creative architectural decisions? I believe the research conducted in the past year resulted in a truthful approach toward form finding, space making, and respecting the chosen site and its unique constraints.<br>Master of Architecture
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Yick, Sin-yan Jamie. "Adaptable home a sustainable alternative to housing in Hong Kong and Pearl River Delta /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2004. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31987424.
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Thesis (M. Arch.)--University of Hong Kong, 2004.<br>Includes special report study entitled: Movable architecture: a study of movable environment in the past, present and future. Also available in print.
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Al-Ghonamy, Abdulaziz I. "Sound transmission through orthotropic structures in buildings." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/650.
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Abreu, Maria Madalena Eça Guimarães de. "O Santuário de Fátima : Imagem e Posicionamento (uma perspectiva de Marketing)." Master's thesis, Instituições portuguesas -- ISCTE-Instituto Superior de Ciências do Trabalho e da Empresa -- -Escola de Gestão, 2003. http://dited.bn.pt:80/30488.
Full textAbstract:
Nos dias de hoje e nas sociedades com liberdade religiosa, as pessoas são
confrontadas com diferentes opções. O que implica que a escolha da religião e da
comunidade particular depende, em boa parte, da imagem formada pelas pessoas acerca
dessas ofertas. Simultaneamente, a imagem dos públicos pode ser trabalhada pelas
organizações religiosas no âmbito do marketing.
Então, o objectivo deste estudo consiste em descrever e compreender as diferenças entre a
imagem que os peregrinos têm da marca Santuário de Fátima e o posicionamento desse
Santuário. Pretende-se também avançar algumas pistas para um possível reposicionamento.
De forma a conduzir este trabalho, descrevem-se os pontos essenciais do que poderá
ser o marketing religioso. Aplica-se esta estrutura à organização Santuário de Fátima,
incluindo a formulação do seu posicionamento e da marca Fátima e, de seguida, procedese
ao inventário e análise das entrevistas aos peregrinos desenvolvidas no Santuário.
Conclui-se que, e embora reconhecendo no Santuário a acção de Deus e procurando
este local de forma a viver a fé, os peregrinos inquiridos desconhecem a Mensagem de
Fátima. Assim, a imagem de marca não coincide com o posicionamento implícito
assumido pela Igreja Institucional. As razões poderão ser encontradas em dois tipos de
variáveis: o vasto espectro dos peregrinos questionados e ainda, provavelmente, o
posicionamento ambíguo por parte da Igreja.
Neste sentido, os dados recolhidos poderão servir para ajudar à definição de um
reposicionamento da imagem de Fátima junto dos seus peregrinos.<br>Nowadays and in a free religious society, people are confronted with different
religious options. Choosing a religion and a particular community depends greatly, on
the image that people have of these options. As such, religious organisations can
explore a specific public image through the scope of marketing.
The purpose of this study lies in the description and understanding of a possible
difference between the image pilgrims have of the Fátima Sanctuary and the actual
positioning of the Fátima Sanctuary brand. A further aim is in attempting to thy and
locate some tracks for a possible repositioning of the brand.
In order to carry out this work, essential religious marketing points are selected and
presented within a particular framework. This framework is then applied to the Fátima
Sanctuary organisation including the formulated positioning and the brand. After all,
pilgrim interviews are carried out at the Sanctuary and are described and analysed.
The study concludes that those pilgrims interviewed at the Sanctuary ignored the
Message of Fátima, even if they recognized the act of God in the Sanctuary and come to
the place in order to fulfil their faith. Therefore, it can be proposed that the brand image
is not coincident with the implicit positioning of the Institutional Church. The possible
reasons for this lies in the variables presented by the pilgrims at the interview stage and
also, probably because the dual positioning of the Church.
These findings can assist in defining a repositioning of the image that pilgrims hold
of Fátima.
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Anthony, David. "Movers and shakers : the affects of vibrations on historic structures." Virtual Press, 1997. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1041912.
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Preservationists and historic sites managers need to be aware of the affects of excess man-made vibrations on historic structures. The purpose of this creative project is to examine those affects and identify some methods to mitigate them. To write this project, it was necessary to search through available literature identifying past research and studies on this subject. Research was culled from various sources examining the affects of vibrations on new and historic structures and are presented here in one volume.The affects of vibrations on historic structures is not a subject that is well represented in preservation or structural engineering literature. The information currently available is scattered through various sources. Thus, there is the lack of a single reference examining the affects of vibrations on historic structures. This project is meant to be used as a reference for historic preservationists, house museum curators, and historic sites managers who seek information about vibration effects and possible solutions to their vibration problem.<br>Department of Architecture
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Tahmilci, Fatih. "Analysis Of Blast Loading Effect On Regular Steel Building Structures." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12609052/index.pdf.
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Concern about effect of explosives effect on engineering structures evolved after the damage of Second World War. Beginning from 90&rsquo<br>s with the event of bombing Alfred P. Murrah Federal building located in Oklahoma City this concern deepened and with the attack to World Trade Center twin towers on September 11, 2001 it is peaked. Recent design codes mainly focus on earthquake resistant design and strengthening of the structures. These code design methodologies may sometimes satisfy current blast resistant design philosophy, but in general code compliant designs may not provide recognizable resistance to blast effect. Therefore designer should carry out earthquake resistant design with the blast resistant design knowledge in mind in order to be able to select the most suitable framing scheme that provide both earthquake and blast resistance. This is only possible if designer deeply understands and interprets the blast phenomenon.
In this study, it is intended to introduce blast phenomenon, basic terminology, past studies, blast loading on structures, blast structure interaction, analysis methodologies for blast effect and analysis for blast induced progressive and disproportionate collapse. Final focus is made on a case study that is carried out to determine whether a regular steel structures already designed according to Turkish Earthquake Code 2007 requirements satisfy blast, thus progressive collapse resistance requirements or not.
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Paek, Yong Joon. "Structural design language and a knowledge-based expert system for design of steel building structures /." The Ohio State University, 1988. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487587604132742.
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Rabun, J. S. "Structural analysis of historic American buildings." Thesis, University of York, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.297311.
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Augé, Laurent J. (Laurent Jacques) 1980. "Structural magnetic induction dampers in buildings." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/29332.
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Thesis (M.Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2003.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaf 49).<br>This thesis discusses the feasibility of structural magnetic induction dampers for dampening mechanical vibrations in buildings subjected to strong dynamic excitations. The concept of energy harvesting in various fields of engineering is first examined. Then it is applied to the design of magnetic induction dampers in buildings. Various implementations of these dampers are proposed and the related expected performances are estimated. Simulations on buildings modeled as discrete multiple-degree-of-freedom shear beams subjected to earthquakes quantify the results and allow for a comparison of the performances with nonisolated and base-isolated buildings. This study demonstrates the potential efficiency of such dampers for harvesting mechanical energy in buildings and encourages further developments on this topic.<br>by Laurent J. Auge.<br>M.Eng.
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Besgul, Ozge. "Design And Production Of Steel Buildings: A Case Study In Ankara." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12607871/index.pdf.
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It is vital that Turkey keep abreast of developments in the world and build up its technology to become a developed country. Steel construction is one of these areas. In this context, the main purpose of this study was to define, analyze and evaluate the general characteristics of structural steel and steel construction with the purpose of throwing new light on its advantages and disadvantages.
Within this framework, a literature survey was conducted on structural steel components and structures<br>and on steel construction in Turkey. Additionally, a case study was carried out on a steel office building in Ankara. In this, the Tü<br>rkiye Esnaf ve Sanatkar Kredi Kefalet Kooperatifleri Merkez Birligi (TESKOMB) Building was investigated in terms of the design and production criteria for steel structures and to determine problems faced during these processes. As a result of this study, the existing condition of the construction sector and the means to improve use of structural steel in Turkey were discussed more realistically.
32
Chao, Min, of Western Sydney Hawkesbury University, Faculty of Science and Technology, and School of Construction and Building Sciences. "The design and behaviour of concrete filled steel tubular beam-columns." THESIS_FST_CBS_Chao_M.xml, 2000. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/92.
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Concrete filled steel tubular (CFST) columns are widely used in building and infrastructure projects throughout the world.Compared with other form of construction CFST columns offer superior structural performance and speed and ease of construction.Design procedures and recommendations provided in most of the design codes are often tedious and complex. There have been attempts to simplify the design procedure by providing a simplified expression to predict the capacity of a CFST under a general loading condition.In this thesis a rigorous analysis procedure was presented for the analysis of CFST beam-columns under general loading conditions.All the analytical results were verified by comparisons with the available test results and current ACI, AISC AND Eurocode 4 design codes. The comparisons demonstrated that the proposed numerical equations are accurate, and slightly conservative. Based on the numerical analysis, a simple and easy to follow calculation procedure was proposed for design of CFST columns under either uniaxial or biaxial bending moment and axial load.<br>Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
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Sze, Kin Wai. "Structural health monitoring and damage assessment based on proper orthogonal decomposition /." View abstract or full-text, 2004. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?CIVL%202004%20SZE.
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Li, Bing, and 李兵. "Aminoxy acids as building blocks for turns and helices." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31240549.
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Mwafy, Aman Allah Mohamed Abdel-Rahman. "Seismic performance of code designed RC buildings." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/7285.
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Lievens, Matthias [Verfasser]. "Structure-borne sound sources in buildings / Matthias Lievens." Aachen : Hochschulbibliothek der Rheinisch-Westfälischen Technischen Hochschule Aachen, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1048084930/34.
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古國紀 and Kwok-kee Koo. "Analysis of thin walled structures in tall buildings." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1986. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31230878.
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Späh, Moritz Michael. "Characterisation of structure-borne sound sources in buildings." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.428229.
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Koo, Kwok-kee. "Analysis of thin walled structures in tall buildings /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1986. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B12229234.
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Karlsson, Marlene. "CFRP strengthening of existing building structures." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för teknik och naturvetenskap, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-96306.
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Most of the building structures needed in twenty years from now is already built. Building structures are ageing and they deteriorate and often the demands on the structure changes over time. It is often needed to reinforce the structure, especially when reconstructing, repairing or renovating a building. The traditional strengthening methods that are used today are strengthening the structure with beams and columns of steel. The beams and columns often require much space and problems might occur if there are a lot of installations. There is another more modern technique where a composite plate, sheet, grid or bar of relatively small thickness is bonded with an epoxy adhesive to the structure. These reinforcements don’t change the cross-section of the structure. The most common type of fibre reinforcement that is used for strengthening in the building industry is carbon fibre. The carbon fibre products are much more expensive when comparing to steel. Therefore the object of this report is to show when it is economically motivated to use carbon fibre instead of the more traditional material steel. To do this I have studied five real cases brought to me by WSP Construction in Linköping, Sweden. The study shows that in the cases where it’s possible to use composites strengthening the building structure it is also economically motivated to do so. Even if the material is more expensive than the more traditional materials the total cost is in the same price class as the traditional ones because of the short time of construction. But there is still a problem with only a few consultants and entrepreneurs that have the knowledge and the experience to work with composites when strengthening a structure. If the knowledge will be spread to the consultants I will say that carbon fibre composites are the materials of tomorrow even in the building industry.<br>En stor del av det byggnadsbestånd som kommer att behövas inom en tjugoårsperiod är redan uppfört idag. Byggnadskonstruktioner åldras och försämras, och ofta förändras förutsättningarna för byggnaderna med tiden. Ett ständigt återkommande moment är behovet av att förstärka den bärande konstruktionen, framför allt i samband med ombyggnation, reparation och renovering. De traditionella metoder man använder sig av idag innebär att stålbalkar och pelare monteras för att förstärka konstruktionen. Dessa tar utrymme i anspråk och problem kan uppstå med t ex installationer i tak. En nyare metod innebär att man fäster kolfiberkompositer på ytan av konstruktionen i tunna lager i form av laminat, väv, nät eller stavar som fräses ner i ytan. För att fästa kompositen på ytan använder man sig av epoxi. De tunna lagren gör att konstruktionens tvärsnitt och egenvikt inte förändras märkbart. Då kolfiber är ett dyrare material än stål är syftet med denna rapport att ta fram konkreta praktikfall där det är ekonomiskt motiverat att använda sig av kolfiberkompositer istället för de traditionella metoder som används idag. Fem praktikfall tillhandahållna av WSP Byggprojektering i Linköping har studerats. Det visade sig att i de fall det var tillämpligt att använda sig av kolfiber för förstärkning var det även ekonomiskt hållbart. Trots det dyrare materialet innebär den korta monteringstiden att totalkostnaden för förstärkningsjobbet ligger i ungefär samma prisklass som en förstärkning med stål. Problem kvarstår dock med alltför några kunniga konstruktörer och entreprenörer – men annars är kolfiberkompositen morgondagens material.
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Cruvellier, Mark R. (Mark Richard). "Planar modelling for tall building structures." Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=74627.
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In this thesis, methods are developed for representing in planar computer models the full behaviour of complex three dimensional tall building structural systems. Simple models capable of duplicating the simultaneous bending and torsional response to loading of progressively more complex systems are described and justified. In contrast with previously existing planar techniques, a geometrical approach is used here throughout so that no pre- or post-analysis transformations of structural properties or of analysis results are required. The development culminates in a planar model for the static and dynamic analysis of asymmetrical structures composed of intersecting structural bents whose properties and configurations may vary throughout the height.
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Charng, Peng-Hsiang. "Base isolation for multistorey building structures." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Civil Engineering, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/5851.
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Earthquakes are one of nature’s greatest hazards; throughout historic time they have caused significant loss of life and severe damage to property, especially to man-made structures. On the other hand, earthquakes provide architects and engineers with a number of important design criteria foreign to the normal design process. From well established procedures reviewed by many researchers, seismic isolation may be used to provide an effective solution for a wide range of seismic design problems.
The application of the base isolation techniques to protect structures against damage from earthquake attacks has been considered as one of the most effective approaches and has gained increasing acceptance during the last two decades. This is because base isolation limits the effects of the earthquake attack, a flexible base largely decoupling the structure from the ground motion, and the structural response accelerations are usually less than the ground acceleration.
In this research, a series of dynamic analyses are carried out to investigate in detail the seismic responses for stiff and flexible 12-storey multi storey buildings to the various isolation systems and to consider the effects of foundation compliance on their responses when subjected to different earthquakes. At the same time, an investigation of the seismic response of the recently suggested segmental buildings is carried out. The segmental building concept can be considered as an extension of the conventional base isolation technique with additional flexibility distributed in the superstructure. In addition to the conventional isolation system placed at the base, the superstructure of segmental buildings is further divided into several segments which are interconnected by extra isolation systems located in the upper storeys.
In general, the increase of additional viscous damping in the structure may reduce displacement and acceleration responses of the structure. This study also seeks to evaluate the effects of additional damping on the seismic response when compared with structures without additional damping for the different ground motions. In addition, analysis and design considerations for base isolated and segmental structures are suggested to enable the designer to get a better understanding at the preliminary design stage.
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Flynn, Michael J. "Structure building operations and word order." New York : Garland Pub, 1985. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/12285682.html.
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Yang, Ming. "Radiowave propagation through periodic building structures." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2006. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/843260/.
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Wireless communication systems can be optimised through more accurate radio modelling processes. Ray-tracing methods, based on geometrical optics (GO) and the uniform theory of diffraction (UTD), have emerged as the preferred technique to predict the electric field distribution and area coverage in both indoor and outdoor environments. There have been a number of investigations on improving the accuracy of ray-tracing methods in both indoor and outdoor environments, but few pay attention to the inner structure of the walls. In existing ray- tracing algorithms, wall structures are usually modelled as half-space materials or dielectric slab and layered models, with reflection and transmission characteristics calculated by Fresnel coefficients. These models are good approximations for homogeneous wall structures where a substantial specular component dominates. However, when the wall structure possesses periodic variations, standard GO ray-tracing is insufficient to accurately model radio propagation through building interfaces, for coverage and interference studies, as significant power can be carried away from the periodic wall in non-specular directions. Therefore, more accurate models are needed to take into account the effect of these periodic wall structures on radio wave propagation. The work presented in this thesis concentrates on the investigation of transmission and reflection characteristics of common periodic building structures. Propagation properties of building walls in terms of transmission and reflection characteristics are examined theoretically by the proposed 3D modal transmission-line (3D-MTL) and rigorous coupled-wave analysis (RCWA) methods. A novel deterministic hybrid model combining ray-tracing and RCWA is developed to predict radio propagation through building interfaces from outdoor to indoor environments. It was shown that the proposed hybrid method can produce more accurate results than the ray-tracing model. Key words: radio wave propagation, ray-tracing, periodic wall structure, modal transmission-line (MTL), rigorous coupled-wave analysis (RCWA) and hybrid model.
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York, Audrey K. "Indiana farm structure preservation." Virtual Press, 2005. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1314227.
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Agriculture has played and continues to play a vital role in the livelihood of Indiana; therefore, farm structures are present in nearly every section of the state. However, with advances in technology and commercial and residential development, historic farm structures are quickly being lost to demolition and neglect. Although Indiana is known as a leader in historic preservation, historic farm structures of the state do not receive the attention that they deserve from preservationists. This thesis serves to inform preservationists of the importance of Indiana's historic farm structures and to present suggestions on ways that the current programs and activities could be improved. This is accomplished by discussing the history and current state of farming in Indiana, by examining farm structure preservation organizations in Indiana and across the nation, and by presenting farmland preservation and the documentation of rural historic districts as two alternative tools to protect historic farm structures.<br>Department of Architecture
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Al-Nassrawi, Hamzah, and Grigorios Tsamis. "Global Analysis and design of a complex slanted High-Rise Building with Tube Mega Frame." Thesis, KTH, Betongbyggnad, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-215950.
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The need for tall buildings will increase in the future and new building techniques will emerge to full fill that need. Tyrénshas developed a new structural system called Tube Mega Frame where the major loads are transferred to the ground through big columns located in the perimeter of the building. The new concept has the advantage of eliminating the core inside the heart of the building but furthermore gives countless possibilities and flexibility for a designer. The elimination of the central core, plus the multiformity the Tube Mega Frame, can result new building shapes if combined with new inventions like the Multi elevator Thussenkrupp developed. Multi is a new elevator system with the ability to move in all directions apart from vertically. In this thesis research of the possible combinations between TMF and Multi was conducted. The building shaped resulted is only one of the many possible outcomes which the mix of Multi and TMF can have. The building was constructed in a way so the TMF would be the main structural system, the building would have inclinations so the multi elevator would be the only elevator appropriate for the structure and the height would be significantly large. The pre-study focused on the inclination and its particularities. The inclination played a significant role on how the inner forces were distributed in a structure. Under special circumstances the inclination could be even beneficial although inclination could result in axial forces on the slabs so the horizontal elements should be designed thoroughly not only for bending or shear but also for axial loading. The next phase was experimenting on different simple shaped buildings and combinations of them. The conclusions on the simple buildings formed the idea on how the main building would be. The main building was modeled using four different structural systems and their subcategories with seven models in total. Totally seven systems were compared in load combinations for wind, dead, live, and seismic loads and the global behavior was studied. The model comparison included maximum deformations and modes of vibrations. This way the best structural systems were discovered for the specific building shape and conclusions on inclination into a structure were made. The best structural systems and more reliable in terms of results but also in simplicity of construction were chosen to be designed in ETABS. The 50m belt system, the outside braces system and the diagrid system were designed. The design of the buildings was conducted using the American code ASCE /SEI 7-10. In the design two different mega columns were used to study how a solid or hollow cross section can affect the global behavior. Depending on the structural system the mega column had a major or minor effect on the stiffness of the structure. The design of the cross sections was divided in many groups since the complex geometry had an impact on how and where forces arised in the structure. The outside brace system had the best results in terms of less weight and global stiffness proving that in inclined building and columns with the correct bracing and triangulation of elements could extinguish the negative effects of inclination and even perform better compared to conventional buildings. The 50-belt system was furthermore studied in buckling since it was one of the best structural systems but with the least bracing, but also the least complex in terms of construction method. The automated buckling through ETABS was conducted and a more conservative approach where the user is defining the buckling length and support factors was used. In addition, a comparison between the user defined factors and global buckling was conducted.<br>Behovet av höga byggnader kommer att öka i framtiden och ny byggteknik kommer att uppfylla detta behov. Tyréns har utvecklat ett nytt konstruktionssystem som kallas Tube Mega Frame där de stora lasterna överförs till marken genom stora pelare i byggnadens omkrets. Det nya konceptet har fördelen att eliminera kärnan inuti byggnadens hjärta, men ger dessutom otaliga möjligheter och flexibilitet för en konstruktör. Avlägsnandet av den centrala kärnan, plus mångfalden av Tube Mega Frame, kan resultera i nya byggnadsformer i kombination med nya uppfinningar som Multi Lift ThyssenKrupphar utvecklat. Multi är ett nytt hissystem med möjlighet att röra sig i alla riktningar bortsett från vertikalt. I denna uppsats genomfördes forskning om möjliga kombinationer med TMF och Multi. Den formgivna byggnaden är bara ett av de många möjliga resultaten som blandningen av Multi och TMF kan ha. Byggnaden byggdes på ett sätt att TMF skulle vara det huvudsakliga struktursystemet, byggnaden skulle ha lutningar så att Multi skulle vara den enda lösning som är lämplig för konstruktionen och höjden skulle vara betydligt stor. Förstudien fokuserade på lutningen och dess särdrag. Lutningen spelar en viktig roll för hur de inre krafterna fördelas i en struktur. Under speciella förhållanden kan lutningen vara till och med fördelaktig, även om lutning kan resultera i axiella krafter på plattorna så att de horisontella elementen måste utformas noggrant, inte bara för böjning eller skjuvning. Nästa fas var att experimentera på olika enkla lutande bygg former och kombinationer av dem. Slutsatserna från dessa enkla byggnaderna bildade tanken på hur huvudbyggnaden skulle vara. Huvudbyggnaden modellerades med fyra olika strukturella system och deras underkategorier med totalt sju modeller. Hela sju system jämfördes i lastkombinationer med vind last, seismisk last, egenvikt, nyttig last och det globala beteendet studerades. Modellens jämförelse inkluderade maximala deformationer och vibrationer. På detta sätt upptäcktes de bästa strukturella systemen för den specifika byggformen och slutsatser om lutning i en struktur gjordes. De bästa strukturella systemen och mer tillförlitliga vad gäller resultat men också avseende enkel konstruktion valdes att utformas i ETABS. 50 m Bältessystemet, det yttre Bäcksystemet och Diagridsystemet konstruerades. Utformningen av byggnaderna utfördes med användning av den amerikanska normen ASCE / SEI 7–10. I designen användes två olika megapelare för att studera hur en solid eller ihålig tvärsektion kunde påverka det globala beteendet. Beroende på konstruktionssystemet kunde megapelaren ha en större eller mindre effekt på strukturens styvhet. Tvärsnittens konstruktion var uppdelad i många grupper eftersom komplexa geometrin har en inverkan på hur och där krafter uppstår i strukturen. Utvändiga stödsystem hade de bästa resultaten när det gäller mindre vikt och global styvhet, vilket viste att i lutande byggnader och pelare kunde den korrekta förstärkningen och trianguleringen av element skilja de negativa effekterna av lutning och till och med fungera bättre jämfört med konventionella byggnader. 50-bältesystemet studerades vidare förknäckning, eftersom det var ett av de bästa konstruktionssystemen, men med minst fackverk, men också det minst komplexa med avseende på konstruktionsmetod. Den automatiska knäckning analysgenom ETABS genomfördes och ett mer konservativt tillvägagångssätt där användaren definierar knäcklängden och stödfaktorerna. Dessutom genomfördes en jämförelse mellan de användardefinierade faktorerna och global knäckning.
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Cao, Dapeng. "A computer model for Chinese traditional timber structure: the Foguang Temple." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/37723.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis presents a study of an ancient Chinese timber structure- the main hall of the Foguang temple built in China in the Tang Dynasty (857), which is regarded as one of the most important temples in that period. The research represents a detailed digital model of the structural timber components and their connectivity. The research questions are: - Firstly, how to identify and represent the structural components, and the ways they are assembled. This is not covered in the few previous studies of the temple, which just offered brief introductions and general descriptions of the construction of the timber structure. - Secondly, how to create a digital model for such a structure where there is insufficient or incompatible information. These are common issues that arise in the simulation and representation of historic architecture. The outcome of the research is the presentation of a digital model that is much more detailed than previously existing representations. During the process, two concepts were developed and adopted: - Firstly, the concept of "building an ideal model". Rather than seeking the representation of the timber structure as built, the notion outlined in this thesis is to create an ideal digital model according to the vocabulary of structural components and the predefined spatial relations of their assembly connectivity. - Secondly, the concept of "simplest adaptation". When choosing from a number of reasonable hypotheses about a component or assembly detail, it is assumed to be the simplest possible adaptation of an already accepted component or assembly detail. The thesis is organized as followings: Chapter 1: an introduction to the research on ancient Chinese architecture. Chapter 2: a review of the computer simulation and representation of historic architecture. Chapter 3: a discussion about the methodology on the concept of "building an ideal model", and the methodology for modelling when there is a lack of information. Chapter 4: a record of the digital modelling process. Chapter 5: discussions on and conclusions of the research. The thesis has an accompanying CD which contains the representation information, including: - A 2D 'Flash' presentation that shows the brief contents of the research. - 3D animations that represent in detail the timber structure and the assembly process. - A database that represents the structural components and their relations.<br>Thesis (M.Arch.)--School of Architecture, Landscape Architecture & Urban Design, 2005.
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Aktas, Yasemin Didem. "Technological Characteristics Of A Brick Masonry Structure And Their Relationship With The Structural Behaviour." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12607814/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this study is to investigate the physical and mechanical properties of construction materials in relation with the structural behaviour of a historic structure. Within this framework, the brick masonry superstructure of Tahir ile Zuhre Mescidi, a XIIIth century Seljuk monument in Konya was selected as case study. The study started with the determination of the basic physical (bulk density, effective porosity, water absorption capacity), mechanical (modulus of elasticity, uniaxial compressive strength), durability and pozzolanic properties of original brick and mortar by laboratory analysis. The obtained data was utilized as material information at the modelling of superstructure, by means of structural analysis software, SAP2000. At the modelling stage, finite element method was used and the complexity of masonry in terms of nonlinearity and heterogeneity was taken into account within practical limits. The constructed model was investigated under dead load, wind load, snow load, temperature load and earthquake load and their possible combinations. Structural investigation was continued with two scenarios representing possible wrong interventions i.e. completion of the partially collapsed superstructure with concrete and the concrete coating over superstructure. These cases were investigated under uniform and randomly distributed temperature loads.
The results approved the safety of the superstructure under normal service conditions, defined as the appropriate combinations of dead load, snow load, wind load and temperature load. The structure appeared to be safe under the earthquake load too. The analyses carried out to simulate the inappropriate restoration works demonstrated the structural damage formations at the original structure.
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Malushte, Sanjeev R. "Seismic response of structures with Coulomb damping." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/54235.
Full textAbstract:
The usefulness of Coulomb (friction) damping in earthquake-resistant design of structures is examined by studying the seismic response characteristics of structures with various arrangements of sliding interfaces. First, three basic arrangements are studied for their effectiveness in reducing lateral displacements of the supporting frame, accelerations of the floor slab and the resulting secondary floor spectra. These are: (1) slab sliding system which has the sliding interface between the floor slab and the supporting frame, (2) double sliding system which consists of sliding interfaces at both top and bottom interfaces (a combination of slab sliding and base sliding), and (3) spring-assisted slab sliding system which is a slab sliding system aided by lateral springs attached to the columns to resist excessive sliding displacement of the slab. The responses are obtained for structures with different frequencies and are presented in response spectrum form. The isolation characteristics of one slab sliding system are compared with those of the base sliding and hysteretic systems. Non-dimensional design parameters defined in terms of the corresponding elastic design spectra are introduced for design purposes and for a consistent presentation of the results. Methods for predicting the important response quantities using the non-dimensional parameters are discussed and their applicability is evaluated.
Next, the response of a simple slab sliding arrangement to simultaneous horizontal and vertical ground motion input is studied to see the effects of the vertical excitation on the isolation efficiency of that arrangement. Finally the suitability of adopting such sliding arrangements in multi-story structures is also examined. The seismic responses of multi-story structures with floor slabs sliding at different story levels are obtained and compared with the response of non-sliding structure and base sliding to examine the effectiveness of such sliding arrangement.<br>Ph. D.
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Al, Haddad Aiham Emil. "Wind-induced Vibration Control of Tall Timber Buildings : Improving the dynamic response of a 22-storey timber building." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för byggteknik (BY), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-57005.
Full textAbstract:
Plans for construction of the tallest residential timber building has driven the Technical Research Institute of Sweden (SP), Linnaeus University, Växjö and more than ten interested companies to determine an appropriate design for the structure. This thesis presents a part of ongoing research regarding wind-induced vibration control to meet serviceability limit state (SLS) requirements. A parametric study was conducted on a 22-storey timber building with a CLT shear wall system utilizing mass, stiffness and damping as the main parameters in the dynamic domain. Results were assessed according to the Swedish Annex EKS 10 and Eurocode against ISO 10137 and ISO 6897 requirements. Increasing mass, stiffness and/or damping has a favorable impact. Combination scenarios present potential solutions for suppressing wind-induced vibrations as a result of higher efficiency in low-increased levels of mass and damping.