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Journal articles on the topic 'Buildings Underground construction'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Sinenko, Sergey, Liliya Pakhomova, and Alexandra Chernyshova. "Modern technology of construction of underground part of buildings in urban conditions." MATEC Web of Conferences 265 (2019): 05038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201926505038.

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It is considered the construction of the underground part of buildings and structures by "Moscow method", the essence of which is an arranging of pit’s enclosing structure – "wall in ground" in common with the underground part of a building, when pit enclosure is braced in outward thrust with disks of major floors of the underground part of the erecting building, which are connected to each other by a system of spacers, suspensions and racks forming support structure. The positive and negative features of the method are given. The article summarizes the experience of this method, which is advisable to use in construction of the underground part of buildings or structures in cramped urban conditions, provided that the enclosing structure of a pit is "wall in ground". One highlights the stages and gives the main specific features of the method. It is shown that this method leads to a reduction of work costs at the zero cycle, but it increases the duration of work.
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2

Dovolnov, Ilya S. "ANALYSIS OF THE APPLICABILITY OF METHODS OF UNDERGROUND CONSTRUCTION OF CIVIL AND INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS." Architecture, Construction, Transport, no. 2(96) (2021): 50–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.31660/2782-232x-2021-2-50-57.

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The object of comparative analysis is the methods of underground construction. The article describes the technologies of open, semi-closed, combined and closed methods of underground buildings’ construction. The authors consider various types of pit fixing, and methods of excavation, depending on the choice of construction method, and provide a comparative table based on the analysis of the applicability of these methods. The results indicate the advantages of the semiclosed method of underground construction in the civil and industrial buildings’ construction.
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3

Zhang, Jian Xin, and Ting Liang Wu. "Numberical Analysis in the Deformation of Adjacent Buildings and Underground Pile Caused by Tunnel Shield Construction." Applied Mechanics and Materials 170-173 (May 2012): 1444–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.170-173.1444.

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Based on the ABAQUS software, set up the tunnel and adjacent buildings and their pile of calculation models, analysis shield construction on the deformation of adjacent buildings and pile foundation. Analysis shows that the construction of the tunnel shield leading to surface subsidence, causing deformation of the framework structure and underground pile. Also shows Shield construction on the impact of adjacent buildings and underground pile deformation is integrally related.
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4

Galieva, Anna B., Vladimir N. Alekhin, and Liliya G. Pastukhova. "Monitoring of underground subsurface structures in Ekaterinburg." MATEC Web of Conferences 146 (2018): 02010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201814602010.

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This paper presents the issues of technical state of subsurface structures in operation and the erection of buildings under available development. It is stated that detailed monitoring of technical state of underground tunnels is essential, since the structure is unique and technologically complex. The aspects of geotechnical monitoring of underground tunnels are considered. The principles of geodesic monitoring of underground rings, tension increase in tube lining and pressure from the building under construction on the ground are described. Recommendations for underground tunnel monitoring are presented.
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Pei, Yu Bin, and Yong Feng. "The Underground Grain Storage Environment Regionalization." Advanced Materials Research 807-809 (September 2013): 2043–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.807-809.2043.

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Our current storage work whether in grain storage concepts or grain storage technology with the green grain storage requirements have a large gap, due to national land resources increasingly tense at the same time, to save land and improve the quality of the food, the granary built underground is the trend, This paper by studying the different regions of our country's ground temperature, underground water, soil and other factors, and in accordance with the general principles of the partition,in accordance with the higher the score, the more favorable for the construction of underground building principle, using AHP to determine the weight of each indicator to study different regional underground grain storage buildings environmental suitability level, the establishment of underground grain storage environment regionalization research results to guide the construction of underground storehouse in our country has a certain application value.
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6

Seo, Soo-yeon, Byunghee Lee, and Jongsung Won. "Comparative Analysis of Economic Impacts of Sustainable Vertical Extension Methods for Existing Underground Spaces." Sustainability 12, no. 3 (January 29, 2020): 975. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12030975.

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Without demolishing an entire existing building, it is possible to sustainably expand its underground spaces to enhance the building’s functionality. However, there have been a few relevant studies exploring this option, and they did not consider the financial feasibilities of underground vertical extension methods. Therefore, this paper analyzes the economic impacts of three sustainable vertical extension methods for existing underground spaces. The extension methods were the (1) bottom-up, (2) normal top-down, and (3) top-down with multi-post downward (MPD) methods. In order to analyze and compare the economic impacts of the underground vertical extension methods, 24 illustrative examples were generated in this paper. Construction costs of the three sustainable vertical extension methods for existing underground spaces are calculated and compared. Those are based on the quantity of used materials in the construction phase and dismantled materials in the demolition phase, as well as unit costs of each material. In addition, the structural stabilities of the examples are analyzed using MIDAS Gen 2017. As the results, the top-down method with MPD was the lowest sustainable method for vertically expanding underground spaces compared to other two methods under the same condition. Moreover, the higher the number of underground floors of existing buildings and the greater the number of extended basement floors, the more economically advantageous was the top-down method with MPD. Considering their structural stabilities and economic impacts of the extension methods help practitioners to select appropriate construction techniques and reduce costs, risks, and the amount of generated construction and demolition waste.
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7

Mangushev, Rashid, and Anatoly Osokin. "THE EXPERIENCE OF THE UNDERGROUND CONSTRUCTION FOR THE COMPLEX OF BUILDINGS ON A SOFT SOIL IN THE CENTER OF ST. PETERSBURG." International Journal for Computational Civil and Structural Engineering 16, no. 3 (September 24, 2020): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.22337/2587-9618-2020-16-3-47-53.

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Failures of the important and unique buildings and facilities occur comparatively rarely, but in case of their occurrence, result in significant social and material damage, especially if they are associated with casualtiesThe experience of the science technical monitoring of the construction of underground parking in a new hotel in the central part of St. Petersburg is given in the article. The parameters of the main underground structures and problems occurred during their construction are presented. The second part of the paper is devoted to the technologies used during the construction of the second stage of the hotel on the area of the dissembled buildings sufferedfrom serious deformation during the construction of the underground parking for the first stage of the hotel.
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8

Alirzaev, Emil Imran Оglu, and Marina E. Dement'eva. "Choice of technologies of ensuring exploitation suitability of buildings in the underground construction area." Vestnik MGSU, no. 3 (March 2020): 452–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/1997-0935.2020.3.452-461.

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Introduction. One of the serious problems in the construction of underground structures in a dense urban area is the occurrence of excess deformations of the foundations of operating buildings that fall into the zone of influence of underground construction. The subject of the study was the calculated justification of the modern technology of compensatory injection. The relevance of the task is determined by the fact that the choice of the most effective protection technology should be based not only on a comparison of technological precipitation with maximum permissible values, but also on the assessment of the possibility of monitoring and controlling the movements of the foundations of buildings and structures during construction and subsequent operation. The purpose of the study was to compare various methods of protecting the foundations of existing buildings and structures and justify the selection of the most effective of them for further implementation and dissemination in the design and construction of urban underground structures. Materials and methods. On the basis of the survey data of the operated building falling into the impact zone of excavation of the pit for the construction of the installation and shield chamber of the subway, the parameters of the stress-strain state of its foundations are studied by mathematical modeling. The problem was solved by the finite element method based on the software and computer complex Z_Soil v.18.24. Results. Based on the analysis of the results of the examination of the administrative building using the finite element method, a change in the parameters of the stress-strain state of the foundations was modeled with various technologies for strengthening it. In the course of solving the geotechnical problem, it was found that the minimum impact on the foundations of the building during the construction of the pit was obtained in the method of compensatory injection. The system of criteria for making a decision on choosing an effective way to ensure the suitability of buildings in the underground construction zone for operation is substantiated. Conclusions. The results of this work can be used to justify the choice of technology for prevention and control of excess deformations of foundations. The function for calculating the volume of injected material in the Z_Soil software and computer complex can be used to justify the consumption of materials and the economic efficiency of the technological solution.
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9

Невзоров, Александр, Aleksandr Nevzorov, Андрей Никитин, Andrey Nikitin, Юрий Саенко, and Yuriy Saenko. "FLOOR CONSTRUCTION IN BASEMENTS OF RECONSTRUCTED BUILDINGS ON PEATY SOILS." Construction and Architecture 7, no. 1 (April 19, 2019): 10–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/article_5c646f193849d0.19403057.

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A practical way to utilize the underground space of buildings is deepening the basement. Where peat is found under the building basement, floor construction proves to be a challenging engineering problem. The article describes several basement floor construction methods for building reconstruction on peaty soils in the city of Arkhangelsk. Peaty soils require bored, driven or jacked piles up to 8 m long. Due to continuous peat consolidation, "floating" floors resting on the ground cannot be used. Numerical simulation of piles in PLAXIS 3D software provides load-settlement curves closely correlating with the results of static load tests.
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10

Luo, Cong-shuang, Yi-hong Cheng, Zhe Bai, Tong Shen, Xu-Yang Wu, and Qing-guo Wang. "Study on Settlement and Deformation of Urban Viaduct Caused by Subway Station Construction under Complicated Conditions." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (February 28, 2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6625429.

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With the rapid development of urbanization, the speed of constructing urban underground space and ground foundation engineering is accelerated. With the shortage of land resources, the distance between underground engineering and surface engineering is getting closer and closer, and the contradictions and problems between projects are becoming more and more serious. Based on the new subway station, this paper passes the existing urban viaduct in a short distance. The settlement and deformation of pile foundation and buildings caused by the excavation of the subway station is studied by using ROCSCIENCE software and site monitoring method. The potential risk sources around the station are pile foundations 18.5 m away, residential buildings 15 m away, storm water pipes 7.3 m away, and high-pressure gas pipes at 5.6 m. According to the construction requirements of pile foundation settlement deformation during metro station excavation, we set up construction standards. The settlement of the buildings and pipelines around the metro station should not exceed 3 mm, and the horizontal displacement should not exceed 2 mm. The diaphragm wall is adopted to surround the subway station, and the ground is reinforced by advanced grouting. The results show that, during the excavation of the foundation pit of the metro station, the ground and the building will have obvious settlement deformation and the depth of deformation can reach 9 mm, which is more than the allowable value. The settlement deformation of the ground and the surrounding buildings can be controlled within 3 mm by strengthening the foundation pit support and ground advance-grouting reinforcement. The control of construction deformation can meet the construction requirements.
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11

Michalak, Hanna, and Paweł Przybysz. "The Use of 3D Numerical Modeling in Conceptual Design: A Case Study." Energies 14, no. 16 (August 15, 2021): 5003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14165003.

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This article describes the construction of a building with four aboveground floors and one underground floor as part of the ongoing development of Warsaw’s city center. A 3D numerical model was developed to reflect the spatial and structural solutions of the new building based on the design documentation with regard to the outcomes of geotechnical tests, the actual phases of work completed, the results of the geodetic measurements carried out in individual phases of the building implementation, and the characteristics of the existing adjacent buildings. The 3D numerical model was calibrated taking into account the results of the geodetic measurements of the benchmarks stabilized on the adjacent buildings. The numerical models of the building were used to analyze a number of multiple-step variants, taking into account the increase in the number of aboveground floors (from 1 to 4) and underground floors (by 1), as well as the increase in the projected area of the underground part compared to the area of the site designated for development. The paper presents the conclusions of our analyses, which may be helpful to others designing buildings in intensively urbanized areas and guide them in selecting the best solution.
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12

YUAN, YONG, and ZHIYI CHEN. "STATE-OF-THE-ART IN FAILURE MECHANISM AND DAMAGE CONTROL OF LARGE-SCALE URBAN UNDERGROUND BUILDINGS IN CHINA." Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami 04, no. 01 (March 2010): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793431110000613.

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The large-scale construction of underground structures prompts researchers and engineers to reconsider seismic safety of existing and new underground structures against future strong earthquakes. This paper attempts to assess the current state-of-the-art in experimental and analytical researches on large-scale urban underground buildings. Three key issues, which need to be urgently resolved in numerical computation, are also discussed. Finally, necessity and applicability of damage control techniques are explored. The techniques, which are proved to be effective in surface buildings, are expected to update seismic performances of underground structures.
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13

Krstic, Hristina, Veliborka Bogdanovic, Miomir Vasov, Ivana Bogdanovic-Protic, and Sanja Spasic-Djordjevic. "Buried buildings as an example of architecture that strives to be energy efficient." Facta universitatis - series: Architecture and Civil Engineering 15, no. 3 (2017): 403–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fuace160921031k.

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This paper studies the concept of underground architecture in residential houses. The earth (soil) is an element that has some very good features that can be used in order to create a building that is more energy efficient. The most important feature is its good insulation capacity and thermal inertia, which results with constant temperature. By making the home underground, many advantages can be achieved - the land used for the construction is not destroyed and taken away from the nature (the greenery is saved), energy consumption is decreased, the building is more protected from outer influences (storm, vibrations, noise, rain, snow, frost...) etc. The underground houses - earth sheltered houses - represent the passive architecture that can be combined with solar architecture. In this way, earth sheltered houses can be in a great manner energy independent and even considered as self-sustainable structures. The aim of this paper is to find out advantages and possible disadvantages of this type of constructions, through the analysis of few constructed buildings, all with the additional aim to promote the integration of natural conditions that can be found at the location in a design of residential architecture.
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14

Alwetaishi, Mamdooh, Omrane Benjeddou, Ashraf Balabel, and Ali Alzaed. "Can Underground Buildings Be Beneficial in Hot Regions? An Investigation of Field Measurements in On-Site Built Underground Construction." Buildings 11, no. 8 (August 8, 2021): 341. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings11080341.

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Globally, there has been a remarkable growth in the number of underground constructions (UGC) such as railways, offices, hospitals and shopping malls. This expansion is a result of urban area extensions that are limited by the availability of buildable land. Underground construction can also be used to protect people from the harshness of the outdoor conditions. The aim of this research is to investigate the impact of underground construction in hot regions. The major issue with most of the current UGC is the lack of natural ventilation and daylight. This has a clear negative impact on the user’s perception and comfort. The new design elevates the external walls to place some of the windows above ground for the purpose of natural ventilation and providing a view. The study conducted an experiment using an underground room enhanced with field measurements to ascertain the indoor temperature as well as relative humidity. In addition, the study used an energy simulation to calculate building heat transfer and solar heat gain. It was revealed that the use of UGC in hot regions promoted with the addition of natural ventilation can lower the indoor temperature by 3 °C in summer.
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15

Zhao, Jing Wei. "A Study of Guide Rules and Genre Studies of Urban Underground Space Development from the Perspective of Compact City." Advanced Materials Research 250-253 (May 2011): 2915–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.250-253.2915.

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Only by making intensive use of land to achieve highly compact, can a city achieve functional concentration and optimization to promote the urban sustainable development. To exploit urban underground space, the irreversibility of development should be considered and the guide rules and genre analysis of urban underground space development should be made with the emphasis on exploiting earth-covered construction, underground public buildings and underground complex.
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16

Rauf Huseynli, Rauf Huseynli. "PURPOSE AND DESCRIPTION OF THE COMPRESSOR STATION." PAHTEI-Procedings of Azerbaijan High Technical Educational Institutions 06, no. 02 (April 9, 2021): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.36962/pahtei0602202153.

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All work on the construction of pumping and compressor stations is usually divided into two groups of zero cycle work and ground cycle work. The work of the zero cycle includes the preparation of the construction site, earthworks, work on the construction of foundations for buildings, pumping units and technological equipment, work on the construction of underground pipelines and utilities. The work of the ground cycle includes work on the construction of buildings for pumping and compressor shops and auxiliary buildings, installation work on installation and fixing on the foundations in the design position of pumping units. Compressor stations (CS) have been installed along the pipeline route to maintain a certain flow rate of the transported gas and to ensure optimal pressure in the pipeline. A modern compressor station is a complex engineering structure that provides the basic technological processes for the preparation and transportation of natural gas. Keywords: compressor stations, gas pipeline, building structure, Booster compressor stations.
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17

Grigoreva, Larisa, and Vladimir Grigoryev. "Determination of sustainable values for the parameters of the construction of residential buildings." E3S Web of Conferences 33 (2018): 03055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20183303055.

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For the formation of programs for housing construction and planning of capital investments, when developing the strategic planning companies by construction companies, the norms or calculated indicators of the duration of the construction of high-rise residential buildings and multifunctional complexes are mandatory. Determination of stable values of the parameters for the high-rise construction residential buildings provides an opportunity to establish a reasonable duration of construction at the planning and design stages of residential complexes, taking into account the influence of market conditions factors. The concept of the formation of enlarged models for the high-rise construction residential buildings is based on a real mapping in time and space of the most significant redistribution with their organizational and technological interconnection - the preparatory period, the underground part, the above-ground part, external engineering networks, landscaping. The total duration of the construction of a residential building, depending on the duration of each redistribution and the degree of their overlapping, can be determined by one of the proposed four options. At the same time, a unified approach to determining the overall duration of construction on the basis of the provisions of a streamlined construction organization with the testing of results on the example of high-rise residential buildings of the typical I-155B series was developed, and the coefficients for combining the work and the main redevelopment of the building were determined.
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18

Liu, Yan, Jun Yan Liu, and Shan Bing Cai. "Study on Sheltering Effect of Underground Building to Horizontal Displacement of Retaining Wall of Foundation Pit." Applied Mechanics and Materials 580-583 (July 2014): 494–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.580-583.494.

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Due to the existence of underground building, the distribution of displacement field of adjacent foundation pit is obviously different from that of general foundation pit, and it is of great significance to correctly understand the sheltering effect of underground building to displacement field for determining the protection class of foundation pit while supporting design of foundation pit, and protecting the safety of metro station built near and surrounding buildings during the construction. Relying on the foundation pit project of metro station and combining the sensitivity theory through mechanism analysis, this article discovers that the sheltering effect is most obvious when the spacing between the underground building and retaining wall of foundation pit is 0.5H, and the sheltering effect can be ignored when the distance is more than 2H.
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19

Bewick, E. Robert. "Underground railways/tunnelling and the effects on buildings." Structural Survey 10, no. 1 (January 1992): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02630809210031708.

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20

Orekhov, Vyacheslav Valentinovich, Sergey Nikolaevich Khokhotva, and German Valer’evich Alekseev. "MATHEMATICAL SIMULATION OF THE CHANGE IN HYDROGEOLOGICAL MODE ОF THE TERRITORIES RESULTING FROM THE CONSTRUCTION OF AN UNDERGROUND COMPLEX." Vestnik MGSU, no. 4 (April 2016): 52–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/1997-0935.2016.4.52-61.

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One of the consequences of the construction in the conditions of dense housing system is the development of underground part of buildings, which influences the surrounding buildings, changing the stress-strain state of soil masses and hydrogeological conditions of the construction site. The damming effect leads to local increase of hydrostatical pressure of ground waters on underground structures. The authors present a description of hydrogeological conditions of the construction site of underground construction and mathematical geofiltration model of the soil foundation. The results of numerical investigation of the change in the hydrogeological mode of the construction area in case of enveloping the foundation pit with the wall in the ground are considered. On the first stage the basic mathematical model was calibrated by variation of the values of geofiltration parameters of water-bearing sediments and water-resistant mass and the values of infiltration recharge. The validation criterion of the mathematical model was the good agreement of the modeled and real ground water levels obtained as a result of compilation of the existing geological and hydrogeological materials. The construction simulation was carried out in a multivariant formulation for the conditions of entirely impenetrable wall in the ground with the filtration coefficient 0.001 m/day.
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21

Li, Yuan Xun, Yan Peng Zhu, Shuai Hua Ye, and Zhong Mao He. "Analysis of Foundation Non-Uniform Settlement for Building on Collapsible Loess." Applied Mechanics and Materials 353-356 (August 2013): 213–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.353-356.213.

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The primary causes of non-uniform settlement for buildings on collapsible loess are large settlement of subsoil, local subsidence foundation, frost heaving of ground, infusion foundation, underground water level decrease and the influence of adjacent buildings and so on. According to the characteristics of the project, analysis the reasons of building that non-uniform settlement and fissure on the wall. Combine the method of reinforce the rectification for original building, put forward the method of reinforce the rectification which is applicable to the project. And put forward some suggestions for collapsible loess area construction, for the colleague reference.
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22

Lehmann, R., and R. Czarwinski. "Influence of Shallow Mine-Workings on the Radon Concentrations in Houses: A Problem of Old Mining Regions." Radiation Protection Dosimetry 56, no. 1-4 (December 1, 1994): 41–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.rpd.a082419.

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Abstract In some regions of the German New Federal Lands, residues from early mining characterise the radiological situation and can also influence the radon concentration in buildings. Construction on waste rock with increased radium concentration, the use of waste rock as building material and construction above shallow mine shafts and adits are important in this connection. In Saxony, for instance, one has to reckon with probably hundreds of buildings that may be influenced by radon from shallow mine workings. Very short-term changes of radon concentrations in buildings over several orders of magnitude was well as their close temporal correlation with the underground airflow clearly indicate influences from underground. In Schneeberg and Schlema, fluctuations of radon concentration in buildings of several 10,000 Bq.m-3 within one hour were observed. In Schneeberg, the old mine was ventilated artificially by installing a ventilator with an output volume of 500 m3min-1. Thus the radon concentration in buildings of the central city area has been reduced. In Schlema, the radon rich shafts of early mining are ventilated at present by the still active ventilation system of the suspended uranium ore mining. In 1992, during the first six months, 4.5 x 109 m3 of mine air with a radon activity of 6.3 x 1014Bq were extracted from the mine. If the mine ventilators are switched off, radon concentration in buildings over mine shaft increases sharply by two orders of magnitude.
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Maisuradze, Roman, Tamar Khardziani, and Tea Eradze. "Landscapes, Settlements and Traditional Housing in Samtskhe-Javakheti, Georgia." Quaestiones Geographicae 40, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 85–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/quageo-2021-0007.

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Abstract A change in livelihood and folk architecture is an indicator of cultural landscape transformation, which is often the result of changes occurring in the natural and socio-political realms. The diversity of architectural types of buildings as an element of landscape diversity distinguishes our research region. The presented study deals with a long-term change of housing and architectural types of settlements. Our goal was to identify, geolocalise, and classify the vernacular architecture of Samtskhe-Javakheti within the different types of natural landscapes. For this purpose, we used the HGIS (Historical Geoinformation System) approach, which comprises the application of both historic sources and GIS technologies. We identified seven types of buildings in the study area, the characteristics of which depended on the natural landscape features. The following factors had been determining the geography of the construction: geology, seismicity, terrain, climate, access to building materials and defence. Dominant architectural types of buildings in the study region were as follows: fortress Rabat with stone houses, stone houses, semi-underground houses mixed with stone houses, semi-underground houses, terraced semi-underground houses, cave dwellings and wooden log houses. In modern times, it is quite rare to come across these kinds of architectural buildings, and there is a tendency of their disappearance.
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24

Li, Dan, Nian Feng Li, Bin Tang, and Jian Wu Gong. "On Atypical Affection on Environment due to Dewatering of Foundation Pit in Developed River System Area." Advanced Materials Research 919-921 (April 2014): 710–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.919-921.710.

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With the environment problems more and more emerged the matters caused by dewatering are set out to be probed and the rule that the ground settlement around a dewatering well presents a funnel shape , is acquainted usually. But in the case of special geology and hydrology due to this paper a new ground settlement pattern presents according to the buildings failure status and the subsequently monitoring results analysis. Namely the ground settlement along the transverse direction to the underground runoff presents V-shape flute profile in the area around the predominant underground runoff. The results also demonstrate that: 1 The foundation type in main building is as same as in the podium building .The main building kept stable while the podium building presented large settlement and inclination and went to failure in final during the construction of the pit. 2 The difference of affecting degree due to dewatering in the environment around the pit is variable and the main affecting zone appears locality and directivity. According to the investigation the most possible main resource of dewatering originates from the river system around to the pit pass by the podium building. 3 Combining the construction process of the pit and the time points of deformation in the building , associability is confirmed between buildings deformation and dewatering on the pit on the ground of excluding the other artificial factors around the building.
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BANNIKOVA, Alexandra O., and Nadezhda A. KALINKINA. "PASSIVE USE OF GEOTHERMAL ENERGY IN INDIVIDUAL HOMES." Urban construction and architecture 7, no. 3 (September 15, 2017): 102–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.17673/vestnik.2017.03.17.

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The aim of this study is to investigate the infl uence of passive use of geothermal energy in the architectural and planning solutions environmentally friendly homes. The article describes issues related to the relevance of the use of geothermal energy in constructing. Earth sheltered eco house is seen as one of the vectors of sustainable architecture of individual housing construction. Presents the advantages and disadvantages of objects that were built on the underground construction and therefore passively using geothermal technology. We reviewed the classifi cation of such buildings and their structure features associated primarily with the issues of heat saving and energy effi ciency. The main methods of the study were synthesis of theoretical base and studying the experience of architects, associated with the construction technology of earth sheltered buildings.
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26

Larionova, Kira, and Sergey Stetsky. "Problems of natural lighting for deepened buildings and underground premises under screen effect of high-rise construction." E3S Web of Conferences 33 (2018): 02017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20183302017.

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The main rationale and objective of the submitted research work is to create a quality lighting environment in the premises of deepened buildings and below-ground structures under screen effect of high-rise construction (high-rise buildings). It is noted, that in modern megapolises, a deficiency of vacant urban territories leads to the increased density of urban development with increased amount of high-rise construction and tendency to increase efficiency in the use of underground space. The natural lighting of premises in underground buildings and structures is the most efficient way, but it can be implemented only under use of roof lighting system in the form of roof monitors or skylights. In this case the levels of indoor natural lighting will be affected with serious screening effect of high-rise buildings in surrounding development. Such an situation is not regulated, or even considered by the contemporary building Codes and Regulations on natural lighting of interiors. The authors offered a new formula for a daylight factor calculation with roof lighting system in the described cases. The results of theoretical calculations and experimental studies showed very similar values. This proved the truth of the offered formula and elaborated method of calculation on the basis of an offered hypothesis. It prooves, that it is possible to use some factor and guide points in the daylight factors design under system of side natural lighting in the same design for a system of roof lighting.
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Braila, Natalya, Maria Znobishcheva, Nikolai Panchenko, and Mikhail Kostyshak. "Prospects of underground parking during the reconstruction in the center of St. Petersburg." E3S Web of Conferences 164 (2020): 04008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016404008.

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The aim of the work is to assess the possibility of underground parking during the reconstruction of objects located in the historical part of St. Petersburg. Using theoretical research methods, an analysis of typical problems during reconstruction with the development of the underground space is carried out, widely used work production technologies are identified, and the experience gained from such construction in St. Petersburg is evaluated. The result of the study was the conclusion about the possibility of constructing in-depth and semi-in-depth parking lots, as well as the reconstruction of existing buildings with underground parking in the central historical part of the city. At the same time, a high probability of significant restrictions or even a ban on reconstruction was noted. In addition, under the constrained conditions of historical development, high-quality, thorough and systematic implementation and monitoring of repair and construction work by professional geotechnicians and builders is required.
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KOWALÓW, Mariusz, Marta CHRYŚCINA, and Małgorzata WRÓBEL-HEN. "AN EXAMPLE OF THE APPLICATION OF A FILTRATION MODEL TO THE PREDICTION OF THE INFLUENCE OF A DEEP-FOUNDED BUILDING ON GROUNDWATER LEVEL CHANGES." Biuletyn Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego 471 (October 1, 2018): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.5049.

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Nowadays, for economical aspect, most of large cubature objects are constructed with underground storeys or car park areas. During the planning phase, it is important to design an optimal, economical and safe dewatering system and technical solutions aimed to eliminate the influence of underground structure on groundwater levels in the neighbourhood. Mathematical modelling of groundwater filtration allows creating a prognosis of excavation dewatering process and influence of new buildings on groundwater levels in subject areas during both execution and operation of structure. The paper presents an example of groundwater filtration modelling for a shopping mall in the centre of Budapest, using SPRING software. The project includes the construction of a large building with an underground story for cars. With filtration models, it was possible to assess the changes in groundwater flow fields caused by projected structure and its excavation dewatering system and the prognosis of groundwater levels around the building, taking into consideration the influence of the flood wave from the Danube on groundwater filtration in the investment area. Based on modelling results the suitable technical solutions were proposed, which allow limiting the effect on the surrounding buildings and the potential changes of water levels in the investment area.
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Tan, Zhang, Zhang, Zhu, and Tu. "An Improved Method for Predicting the Greenfield Stratum Movements Caused by Shield Tunnel Construction." Applied Sciences 9, no. 21 (October 24, 2019): 4522. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9214522.

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Shield tunneling is becoming the preferred construction scheme for metro construction because of its advantages of fast construction speed and small disturbance. However, limited by process defects, the stratum movements induced by the construction of shield tunnels still affects the safety of nearby underground structures and aboveground buildings. Therefore, the reliable prediction of stratum movements is important. Described in this paper is an analysis method of the Greenfield stratum movements (Greenfield is an area of land that has not yet had buildings on it, stratum movements means the movement of various soil layers) caused by shield tunnel construction combining an elastic half-space model of mirror source–sink method with the use of modified analytical method. Based on the theoretical formula in this paper, not only can the curve of surface settlement trough be calculated, but also the three-dimensional displacement field of deep soil can be obtained. By comparing vertical and horizontal contour maps of Greenfield stratum movements, good consistency between theoretical formula results and centrifugal test results are shown. This solves the defects and limitations of existing two-dimensional formulas; furthermore, based on this, it is convenient to evaluate the effect on the other skewed underground structures through the elastic foundation beam and other similar methods; therefore, this paper can provide a wide guidance and service for the design and construction of underground engineering in the future.
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Pleshko, Mikhail, Besarion Meskhi, and Marianna Pleshko. "A new method for calculating the combined anchor-concrete support of underground structures." MATEC Web of Conferences 170 (2018): 03023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201817003023.

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The problematic aspect of the underground structures construction in the urban area is the negative impact of construction on neighboring buildings and structures. To exclude emergency situations, it is required to control the interaction of the support of the underground structure and the surrounding soil mass by including additional regulatory elements, such as anchors, in the system. The article presents a new method for calculating the anchor-concrete support of underground structures and the results of monitoring of tensile forces in the bolting. It has been established that the tensile force has the highest constant value at the well mouth - jointing of the anchor rod, and then decrease exponentially.
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VASILIEVA, Daria I., Margarita N. BARANOVA, Andrey V. MALTSEV, Svetlana V. SOKOLOVA, and Inessa P. SHIMANCHIK. "SAMARA CITY UNDERGROUND URBANIZATION DEVELOPMENT AND ITS CONSEQUENCES." Urban construction and architecture 11, no. 2 (December 15, 2021): 77–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.17673/vestnik.2021.02.12.

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Nowadays the area of cities is almost everywhere increasing - the territory urbanization is developing. At the same time, due to lack of land resources, the underground space development intensifi es, and the underground construction volume increases, i.e., underground urbanization takes place. This process has undoubtedly positive results, as it can help solve territorial, transport, environmental and other problems of cities while preserving the unique appearance of buildings in the historical centers of cities. At the same time, some engineering and geological processes may be activated as a negative underground urbanization result. The article deals with underground urbanization history in Samara and defi nes its main stages. More than one million people live in Samara city, subway line was built, there are subway objects of industrial and defense importance (bunkers) reaching considerable depth. Active underground construction can lead to geological processes strengthening (weathering, karst formation, suff osia, etc.), change of strength properties of rocks, violation of natural hydrological regime of the territory. The territory of Samara has an inhomogeneous geological structure and complex engineering and geological construction conditions. Seven engineering-geological districts have been identifi ed and studied, on the territory where underground construction development can lead to diff erent, including negative, consequences.
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Seo, Soo-Yeon, Byunghee Lee, and Jongsung Won. "Constructability Analyses of Vertical Extension Methods for Existing Underground Spaces." Sustainability 13, no. 7 (March 25, 2021): 3647. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13073647.

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Remodeling underground structures requires careful construction planning, including consideration of costs and scheduling. Therefore, this study aims to analyze and compare the effects of four methods for vertically extending the underground spaces of an existing building under scheduling and cost constraints. The study considers the following extension methods: (1) bottom-up method, (2) normal top-down method after demolition, (3) normal top-down method in parallel with demolition, and (4) top-down method using double beams in parallel with demolition. Twelve illustrative examples are presented to investigate the constructability of these methods in terms of construction scheduling and costs. The construction durations and costs of each example is calculated and compared. We also analyze the structural stability of the examples using MIDAS Gen 2017. We conclude that the top-down method using double beams is the most efficient method in terms of costs and scheduling. The results and analysis process can help practitioners to select appropriate methods to expand underground spaces without demolishing entire existing buildings and efficiently manage costs and schedules. In future studies, these extension methods should be applied to real-world projects in various countries to validate and verify their actual effects on construction costs and scheduling.
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Mkrtychev, Oleg. "Dynamic comfort inside the building during pedestrian traffic." MATEC Web of Conferences 196 (2018): 01039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819601039.

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Dynamic comfort of people inside buildings and structures has been studied in the works of [1, 2], but these works cover only industrial, manufacturing, and sports facilities. Currently, public (exhibition centers, shopping malls, etc.) and residential buildings and structures are challenged with providing dynamic comfort as well. This is due to the possibility of using high-strength and lightweight materials in construction, making the building more sensitive to dynamic effects. The main purpose of the dynamic comfort analysis is to remove vibrations or reduce such vibrations to an acceptable level stipulated in the regulations. A source of vibrations can be external (underground and surface transport, construction work, etc.) and internal (equipment at factories, workshops, etc.). One of the internal factors are dynamic vibrations from pedestrian traffic.
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Puhachova, I. L., and R. І. Kucherenko. "THE USE OF THE RESULTS OBTAINED FROM PRELIMINARY TECHNICAL EXAMINATION OF CONSTRUCTION OBJECTS AS A PREREQUISITE FOR A COMPREHENSIVE AND OBJECTIVE RESOLUTION OF ISSUES CONNECTED WITH CONSTRUCTION AND TECHNICAL STUDIES." Theory and Practice of Forensic Science and Criminalistics 15 (November 30, 2016): 292–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.32353/khrife.2015.35.

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The article deals with the peculiarities of monitoring the technical state of construction objects comprising the measures to trace the deformation of buildings (constructions) on the whole, deformation and stress state of certain structures, the state of the ground, foundations, and underground waters in the construction zone, timely recording and assessment ofany deviations from the project, normative and regulation requirements, comparison of the forecast on the mutual influence of the object and the environment with the results obtained from the monitoring in order to ensure a timely prevention and elimination of the identified adverse phenomena and processes. The article provides a basis for undertaking inspections of construction objects, enumerates issues connected with construction and technical studies, whose solution requires the expert to have knowledge of the technical state of the buildings, structures, some of their structural elements, recorded by the preliminary technical examination of the technical inspection in the documents that were drafted by specialized organizations or specialists who have a license to conduct this activity. The article provides extracts from main normative documents regulating mandatory verification of the technical state of buildings and structures and that are used in construction and technical studies.
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35

Maslyaev, A. V. "RUSSIAN CONSTRUCTION SYSTEM DOES NOT RECOGNIZE THE IMPACT OF REPEATED EARTHQUAKES ON CONSTRUCTION SITES." ASJ. 1, no. 38 (July 14, 2020): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.31618/asj.2707-9864.2020.1.38.12.

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Today, many learned builders know that earthquakes in the territory of, for example, a settlement can manifest themselves in the form of the first most powerful earthquake (main underground shock), which is usually followed by a series of weaker repeated earthquakes (repetitive shocks). There are many examples of such a sequence of manifestations of strong earthquakes in a certain territory, when tens of thousands of people die in destroyed buildings during repeated exposure earthquakes. It is thanks to these examples that scientists, builders, understand the main cause of death due to repeated earthquakes, which is the maximum permissible degree of damage formed in buildings under the influence of the first main earthquake. In addition, many builders are aware of many examples today when the intensity of the impact of a repeated earthquake on buildings was, for a number of reasons, stronger than the intensity of the effects of a major earthquake. However, contrary to the examples of the death of thousands of people in buildings during repeated earthquakes, in the construction system of Russia, the calculation of earthquake-resistant objects continues to take into account the impact of only one main earthquake. Therefore, the article substantiates the need to take into account the effects of earthquakes and repeated earthquakes in the calculations of earthquake-resistant buildings.
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36

Huang, Lei, Shao Wei Duan, Kai Meng Zhu, and Wen Geng Chen. "Study on Deformation Monitoring of Subway Station Deep Foundation Construction." Applied Mechanics and Materials 847 (July 2016): 425–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.847.425.

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This paper deals with the construction of the foundation pit of the East Station of Meixi Lake, belonging to Reme Area underground supporting transport system of Changsha, China. A description is given of the deformation monitoring of the open excavation. During site operations, the construction process monitoring data are continuously analyzed. It has been found that the deformations induced by the excavation of the foundation pit have some influence on the surrounding buildings. Monitoring of both horizontal pile-top displacement and ground surface settlements are extremely important to ensure safety of the neighboring constructions. Based on the monitoring information gathered during construction, engineers should adjust construction parameters to optimize the design at any moment, and adopt effective treatment measures to ensure the follow-up constructions can safely and successfully complete.
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37

Malakhova, Anna. "Estimation of cracking of reinforced concrete load-bearing construction structures at the stage of their technical inspection." MATEC Web of Conferences 251 (2018): 02040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201825102040.

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The article describes the process and causes of cracking of bearing reinforced concrete structures, revealed during the inspection of the technical condition of structural elements of buildings at the stage of their erection, at the stage of suspended construction and in the operational stage. The reasons for the appearance of cracks in reinforced concrete structures under force loads and climatic influences are analyzed. Possible reasons for the appearance of cracks in a monolithic reinforced concrete beam ceiling of a multi-storey building of a column structural system and in monolithic walls of an underground cylindrical reservoir, identified by the author of the article when inspecting the technical condition of these structures, are given. The relationship between the appearance of destructive cracks and the design errors of a monolithic reinforced concrete beam ceiling is shown. The complex nature of the causes of the appearance of cracks in the monolithic walls of the underground reservoir is revealed. The article describes the capabilities of the LIRA-CAD software package for determining the pattern and parameters of fracture-formation of reinforced concrete structures for subsequent comparison with the results of an inspection of the technical condition of structural elements of buildings and structures.
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38

Zertsalov, Mikhail Grigor’evich, Aleksey Nikolaevich Simutin, and Andrey Viktorovich Aleksandrov. "Application of compensation grouting technology for protection of buildings and structures." Vestnik MGSU, no. 6 (June 2015): 32–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/1997-0935.2015.6.32-40.

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Underground construction in dense urban areas requires solving many problems, the most important of which is to prevent excessive additional deformations of the bases, which surround the area of the construction of buildings and structures.In order to prevent deviant strains different methods are used in engineering practice. In the recent years our country began to use a very popular abroad method of compensation grouting, which is currently one of the most effective methods of protecting the land-based facilities from the influence of underground facilities. This method has another important advantage, which allows using it rather for stabilizing yield of buildings and structures continuing for various reasons (geological, technological, etc.), or for lifting them if the settlement has exceeded the standard value.The method involves injection of a slowly hardening compensation grouting solution of a definite viscosity, which has a mineral base (suspension), into the foundation soil of the structure, the settlement of which should be controlled or compensated.
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Akyol, Erdal, Suat Tasdelen, and Ali Aydin. "Adverse Effects of Soil Grouting on Sandy Soils." Applied Mechanics and Materials 802 (October 2015): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.802.3.

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Uncontrolled growing of construction industry in Turkey has caused a large number of buildings were constructed without the benefit of sufficient engineering supervision. These phenomena have contributed to the increase in the number of seismically weak buildings. After the Great Marmara Earthquake seismic performances of the existing structures have been inspected and some of them fortified. In this context, an existing building foundation, built on a problematic soil and located in Denizli where is in high seismic risk area, has been strengthened by cement injection. Grouting holes up to 7 m in depth from the basement level were used in 45 points. The injection has created a less permeable barrier, acts like an underground dam. This barrier has caused rising of the underground water table around the recharge area of the foundation. The raised underground water has increased hydraulic gradient and hydraulic pressure. Then, the basement floor has arched up to 12 cm and underground water has risen up to 30 cm high after one year of the injection practice. In this study, hydrogeological characteristics of the soil structural analysis have been evaluated and some solutions suggested remedying the problem. It should be kept in mind as injection practice is employed in aquifers.
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40

Barker, Michael B. "Using the earth to save energy: Four underground buildings." Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 1, no. 1 (January 1986): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0886-7798(86)90129-x.

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41

Carmody, John, Olivier Huet, and Raymond Sterling. "Life safety in large underground buildings: Principles and examples." Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 9, no. 1 (January 1994): 19–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0886-7798(94)90005-1.

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42

Lebedev, Mikhail, and Kirill Dorokhin. "Application of Cross-Hole Tomography for Assessment of Soil Stabilization by Grout Injection." Geosciences 9, no. 9 (September 13, 2019): 399. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences9090399.

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Currently, the spread of megalopolises poses an ever-increasing necessity for underground space development for the purpose of the arrangement of transport communications, underground parking areas, trade areas, etc. The implementation of such projects entails a significant increase in the risk of accidents and damage to existing buildings within construction activity influence areas. The reduction of the risk of accidents during the construction of underground facilities within urban areas may only become possible with the identification of adverse factors negatively influencing existing buildings or a facility under erection and elaboration (to reduce such negative influence). The application of geophysical methods in complex assessments of the actual state of an encompassing mass significantly increases efficiency and the credibility of geotechnical monitoring. The application of seismic tomography significantly increases the resolution capability of surveys. Existing techniques, e.g., seismic tomography, allow for any depths to be investigated at a high resolution, even given constricted urban conditions. This article covers the practical applications of seismic tomography in qualitative assessments of actions and an efficiency evaluation of the injective stabilization of soil.
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43

Niroumand, Hamed, M. F. M. Zain, and Maslina Jamil. "Earth Architecture: The Famous Buildings Based on Iranian Architecture in Iran." Advanced Materials Research 457-458 (January 2012): 354–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.457-458.354.

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Earthen buildings come in a vast variety of shapes and sizes, made from materials like fired clay, compressed dirt and a mixture of clay, sand, straw and water. People have been using various forms of earth to build structures for centuries. From underground green homes to other futuristic green houses. This paper is included 6 diverse examples of structures made from earthen materials in Iran that used Iranian architecture in their works. The buildings are included special mortar called Sarooj in their construction. The result has shown the earthen buildings create safer, more people-friendly buildings. The earthen buildings are very low in embodied energy, and extremely comfortable to live in. With captivating discussion, Earth Architecture showcases the beauty and simplicity of one of humankind's most evolved and sophisticated building technologies in Iran and the world.
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44

Yu, Suhui, and Yongchang Geng. "Influence Analysis of Underground Excavation on the Adjacent Buildings and Surrounding Soil Based on Scale Model Test." Advances in Civil Engineering 2019 (January 22, 2019): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6527175.

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In urban areas, it is common to construct underground structure nearby existing buildings. To investigate the impact of excavation construction on the adjacent existing buildings and surrounding soil, eight parallel scale model tests that considered the process of cut and cover construction are carried out with two kinds of the diameter of support piles, two kinds of the adjacent structure, and two kinds of the relative horizontal distance from the excavation in the laboratory. And, the variations of horizontal and vertical displacements of adjacent buildings and the soil pressure surrounding the excavation and the foundations of existing buildings with different parameters are presented and discussed. Then, the experimental data and the results of eight prototype finite element models are compared and analyzed.
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45

Chica, José A., Inés Apraiz, Peru Elguezabal, Marc O. Rrips, Victor Sánchez, and Borja Tellado. "Kubik: Open Building Approach For The Construction of an Unique Experimental Facility Aimed to Improve Energy Efficiency in Buildings." Open House International 36, no. 1 (March 1, 2011): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-01-2011-b0008.

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KUBIK is aimed to the development of new concepts, products and services to improve the energy efficiency of buildings. The main characteristic of KUBIK is the capability to built realistic scenarios to analyse the energy efficiency obtained from the holistic interaction of the constructive solution for the envelope, the intelligent management of the climatisation and lighting systems and the supply from renewable energy sources. The R&D infrastructure consists of a building able to provide up to 500 m2 distributed in an underground floor, a ground floor and up to two storeys; the main dimensions are 10,00 m. width x 10,00 m. length x 10,00 meter high (plus and underground floor 3,00 m. depth). The supply of energy is based on the combination of conventional and renewable energy (geothermic, solar and wind). In addition, the building is equipped with a monitoring and control system which provides the necessary information for the R&D activities. KUBIK's main structure provides an experimental, adaptable and reconfigurable infrastructure to create the indoor environments to analyse and to allow the assembly of the constructive solutions for the envelope, floors and partitions which performance must to be assessed under realistic conditions.
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FEDOSOV, S. V., and S. A. MALBIEV. "Regulation of Construction of Underground Structures of Buildings and Facilities from Stone Materials." Stroitel'nye Materialy 758, no. 4 (2018): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.31659/0585-430x-2018-758-4-41-45.

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47

Nezhnikova, Ekaterina. "The Use of Underground City Space for the Construction of Civil Residential Buildings." Procedia Engineering 165 (2016): 1300–1304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2016.11.854.

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48

Ředina, Tomáš. "RECONSTUCTION OF THE HISTORICAL BUILDING FOKSAL 13 AND 15 IN WARSAW." Acta Polytechnica CTU Proceedings 23 (July 30, 2019): 44–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/app.2019.23.0044.

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We were asked to design geotechnical structures to enable reconstruction of historical buildings. Buildings have to meet current standards so load bearing capacity had to be increased and underground garages can be built. A description of the securing construction pit is described below as well as the design of the deep foundation. The construction pit was secured by jet-grouting columns with struts and soil nails. Parts of the walls were underpinned by micropile trestles. Jet-grouting columns were also used for the deep foundation of existing walls.
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49

Frolova, Irina, and Murad Agakhanov. "Choosing the function of mechanical properties of grounds and rock formations due to their heterogeneity." E3S Web of Conferences 33 (2018): 02024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20183302024.

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The development of computing techniques to analyze underground structures, buildings in high-rise construction that would fully take account of the conditions of their design and operation, as well as the real material properties, is one of the important trends in structural mechanics. For the territory in high-rise construction it is necessary to monitor the deformations of the soil surface. When high-rise construction is recommended to take into account the rheological properties and temperature deformations of the soil, the effect of temperature on the mechanical characteristics of the surrounding massif. Similar tasks also arise in the creation and operation of underground parts of high-rise construction, which are used for various purposes. These parts of the structures are surrounded by rock massifs of various materials. The actual mechanical characteristics of such materials must be taken into account. The objective property of nearly all materials is their non-homogeneity, both natural and technological. The work addresses the matters of building nonhomogeneous media initial models based on the experimental evidence. This made it possible to approximate real dependencies and obtain the appropriate functions in a simple and convenient way.
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Liu, Xiangfeng, Miao Xu, Juanli Guo, and Renjie Zhu. "CONCEPTUAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE EARTH TUBE COOLING SYSTEM FOR A TALL BUILDING." Journal of Green Building 14, no. 2 (March 2019): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/1943-4618.14.2.1.

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Earth tubes are earth-to-air heat exchangers that are frequently utilized in energy conscious low-rise buildings, but are scarcely reported for tall buildings. The feasibility of applying earth tube cooling to tall buildings in a hot summer and cold winter climate zone was studied in this paper. Firstly, the designed cooling load of a tall building was obtained from the energy simulation using the baseline and the modified models with applicable energy efficiency measures. Based on the load, the required cooling capacity, the overall section area and the effective length of the earth tube system was deduced from the heat transfer and fluid flow calculation analytically. Then the performance of the earth tube system was crosschecked and verified via the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation. In the CFD simulation, earth tubes with different diameters and lengths, as well as a full-scale earth tube model with surrounding soil above the depth of constant temperature, were investigated. The outlet air temperatures of the full-scale models were computed with the consideration of different axial distances between adjacent tubes. Meanwhile, multiple conceptual design schemes and the tunnel construction method for the earth tube system were proposed from the perspective of performance enhancement, constructability, efficiency and economy. It revealed that earth tube systems are conditionally feasible for some tall buildings if their design guidelines for climate, underground spaces, construction method, friction of tube interior surface, optimization of effective length and axial distance, as well as synergy with other energy efficiency measures are followed. Even the cooling capacity of earth tubes degrade with time due to the accumulated heat underground, but in a hot summer and cold winter climate zone it can still possibly produce cooled air for a tall building with a Floor Area Ratio of less than 7 effectively in summer.
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