Dissertations / Theses: 'Built to Win'

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McIntosh, Simon Charles. "Wind energy for the built environment." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2009. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/252153.

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Elder, Roderic L. "Wind energy in Kansas: to build...or not to build?" Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/1335.

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Bullock, John T. "Build to win community organizing, power, and participation in local governance /." College Park, Md.: University of Maryland, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/9826.

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Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2009.
Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Government and Politics. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.

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Piper, Benjamin. "SODAR comparison methods for compatible wind speed estimation." Thesis, University of Salford, 2011. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/16501/.

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This thesis includes the results of a PhD study about methods to compare Sonic Detection And Ranging (SODAR) measurements to measurements from other instruments. The study focuses on theoretical analysis, the design of a transponder system for simulating winds and the measurement of the acoustic radiation patterns of SODARs. These methods are integrated to reduce uncertainty in SODAR measurements. Through theoretical analysis it is shown that the effective measurement volume of a range gate is 15% of a cone section based on the SODAR's Full Width Half Maximum (FWHM). Models of the beam pattern are used to calculate the ratio of air passing a turbine to that measured by a SODAR over 10 minutes with values of 3-5% found at 10ms-1. The model is used to find angles where significant Sound Pressure Levels (SPLs) occur close to a SODARs baffle giving the highest chance of fixed echoes. This is converted into an orientation guide for SODAR set-up. The design of a transponder system is detailed that aims to provide a calibration test of the processing applied by a SODAR. Testing has shown that the transponder can determine the Doppler shift equation used by a SODAR although further work is needed to make the system applicable to all SODARs. It is shown that anechoic measurements of single elements are useful for improving array models. Measurements of the FWHM and acoustic tilt angle can be achieved in the field using a tilt mechanism and a Sound Level Meter (SLM) on a 10m mast. The same mechanism can be used to calculate an effective tilt angle using the Bradley technique. It is proposed that these methods are integrated to calculate error slopes for the SODAR measurement with regards to a secondary location. It is shown that the slopes could be between 0 and 5% if the methods are fully realised and a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model is incorporated.

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Campos-Arriaga, Liliana. "Wind energy in the built environment : a design analysis using CFD and wind tunnel modelling approach." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2009. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/10806/.

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Renewable energies are a critical element for reducing greenhouse gases emissions and achieving a sustainable development. Until recently, building integration of renewable sources was focused on solar technologies. Nevertheless,building integrated wind turbines can and must be part of the solution to the global energy challenge. This research investigated the potential of integrating small vertical wind turbines between medium-rise buildings. Wind velocities were measured around 7 fifteenstorey towers. The measurements were carried out for nine different configurations,using a boundary layer wind tunnel and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. Computed and measured results showed reasonable agreement. The differences were more apparent at ground level. It was established that building orientation and the separation between buildings defines to a great extent the wind environment around buildings. It was found that a distance between buildings of 15 metres and an orientation of θ=260˚ produced the higher augmentation factors. This configuration produced up to 17,812kWh in a typical Nottingham UK year, using six vertical wind turbines of 2.5kW each. Results suggested that the use of CFD as a visualisation tool is extremely useful at design stages in projects involving the integration of wind turbines. Nevertheless, the results of CFD simulations are highly dependent on the type of roughness modification applied to the wall functions, the choice of the turbulence model and the modelling of the inlet wind velocity profile. Because servicing buildings accounts for around half of the UK’s total energy consumption, the need to reduce the consumption of fossil fuels is central to good building design. That is why the architectural practice must respond professionally by delivering buildings that successfully integrate wind energy technologies, which can only be achieved if the designer actively engages with the environmental design principles and improves his understanding of building physics.

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Rogers, Thomas E. "Siting and Performance Assessment of Micro Wind Turbines in the Built Environment." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.523154.

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Kruger, Andries Coenrad. "Wind climatology of South Africa relevant to the design of the built environment." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6847.

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Thesis (PhD (Civil Engineering))--University of Stellenbosch, 2011.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In South Africa, wind constitutes the most critical environmental loading affecting the design of the built environment. The wind climatic information, which is currently incorporated in structural design standards, is based on the analysis of records from a limited number of wind recording stations, mainly located in large cities, and was done several decades ago. In view of the size and the climatological diversity of South Africa, this information cannot be deemed to be adequate. Therefore, the incorporation of welldistributed and updated information on wind climate is essential. The present study endeavoured to address this issue. A strong wind climatology was developed with the use of observed climate data, with the most significant result that a mixed strong wind climate is prevalent in the greater part of South Africa. Statistical approaches to estimate extreme wind speeds were investigated with applicable wind data, with the optimum approach guided by the unique climatological environment and the statistical properties of the utilised data set: For the wind gust analysis the Peak-Over-Threshold method with the exponential distribution is recommended, while in a mixed strong wind climate the “mixed climate” approach is preferred. For the analysis of the hourly mean wind speeds the choice is between the Gumbel distribution and the mixed climate approach, depending on the strong wind climate. The estimation and incorporation of environmental correction factors to the measured wind speeds were necessary as the surroundings of most weather stations did not correspond to the reference Terrain Category. For some of the weather stations it was impossible to compensate for the inadequate exposure and surrounding complex topography, so that a reduced number of weather stations were available for the strong wind analyses. The values estimated for the design wind speeds, adjusted for the short lengths of data records, as well as techniques developed to guide the spatial interpolation of the quantiles, were utilised to develop updated maps of the regional design wind speeds. A comparative study between the results of this study, and that of the previous study on which the current loading code in South Africa is based, indicates that the present study should produce more reliable quantile estimations.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Wind vorm die mees kritieke omgewingslading wat die ontwerp van die beboude omgewing in Suid-Afrika beïnvloed. Die windklimaat-inligting wat tans gebruik word in die ontwerp spesifikasies is gebaseer op die statistiese analiese van veskeie dekades gelede op ‘n beperkte aantal windmeting-stasies, hoofsaaklik gesentreer in groot stede. Indien die grootte sowel as die klimatologiese diversiteit van Suid-Afrika in ag geneem word kan hierdie inligting nie as voldoende gereken word nie. Die gebruik van heelwat beter verspreide en opgedateerde inligting oor die windklimaat is daarom noodsaaklik en die studie poog om hierdie leemte aan te spreek. ‘n Sterk-wind klimatologie van Suid-Afrika is ontwikkel deur die gebruik van waargenome klimaatdata, met die mees betekenisvolle bevinding dat ‘n gemengde sterk-wind klimaat in die grootste gedeelte van Suid-Afrika heers. Statistiese benaderings om ekstreme winde te beraam is ondersoek met die beskikbare winddata, met die optimale benadering wat sal afhang van die klimatologiese omgewing van die weerstasie en die statistiese eienskappe van die betrokke windrekord: Vir die wind-stoot analieses word die “Piek-Oor-Drumpel” metode met die eksponensïele verdeling aanbeveel, behalwe in ‘n gemengde sterkwind klimaat waar die “gemengde klimaat” benadering gebruik word. Vir die analiese van die uurlikse gemiddelde winde is die keuse tussen die Gumbel verdeling en die gemengde klimaat benadering, afhangende van die sterk-wind klimaat. Die skatting en toepassing van omgewingskorreksiefaktore vir die windspoed was nodig, aangesien die omgewings waarin die meeste weerstasies is nie ooreenkom met die verwysings Terrein Kategorie nie. Vir sommige weerstasies was dit onmoontlik om vir die onvoldoende blootstelling te vergoed, met die gevolg dat minder stasies beskikbaar was vir die sterk wind analiese. Die geskatte waardes vir die ontwerp-windsnelhede, asook tegnieke ontwikkel vir ruimtelike interpolasie, is gebruik vir die ontwikkeling van kaarte van die omgewings-ontwerpsnelhede, na verstellings van die waardes om te vergoed vir die kort data rekords wat gebruik is. ‘n Kritiese vergelykingstudie wat gedoen is tussen die resultate van die huidige studie, en die vorige waarop die huidige laskodes vir Suid-Afrika gebaseer is, dui aan dat die huidige studie betroubaarder skattings van die kwantiele behoort op te lewer.

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Liu, Youhua. "Efficient Methods for Structural Analysis of Built-Up Wings." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77972.

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The aerospace industry is increasingly coming to the conclusion that physics-based high-fidelity models need to be used as early as possible in the design of its products. At the preliminary design stage of wing structures, though highly desirable for its high accuracy, a detailed finite element analysis(FEA) is often not feasible due to the prohibitive preparation time for the FE model data and high computation cost caused by large degrees of freedom. In view of this situation, often equivalent beam models are used for the purpose of obtaining global solutions. However, for wings with low aspect ratio, the use of equivalent beam models is questionable, and using an equivalent plate model would be more promising. An efficient method, Equivalent Plate Analysis or simply EPA, using an equivalent plate model, is developed in the present work for studying the static and free-vibration problems of built-up wing structures composed of skins, spars, and ribs. The model includes the transverse shear effects by treating the built-up wing as a plate following the Reissner-Mindlin theory (FSDT). The Ritz method is used with the Legendre polynomials being employed as the trial functions. Formulations are such that there is no limitation on the wing thickness distribution. This method is evaluated, by comparing the results with those obtained using MSC/NASTRAN, for a set of examples including both static and dynamic problems. The Equivalent Plate Analysis (EPA) as explained above is also used as a basis for generating other efficient methods for the early design stage of wing structures, such that they can be incorporated with optimization tools into the process of searching for an optimal design. In the search for an optimal design, it is essential to assess the structural responses quickly at any design space point. For such purpose, the FEA or even the above EPA, which establishes the stiffness and mass matrices by integrating contributions spar by spar, rib by rib, are not efficient enough. One approach is to use the Artificial Neural Network (ANN), or simply called Neural Network (NN) as a means of simulating the structural responses of wings. Upon an investigation of applications of NN in structural engineering, methods of using NN for the present purpose are explored in two directions, i.e. the direct application and the indirect application. The direct method uses FEA or EPA generated results directly as the output. In the indirect method, the wing inner-structure is combined with the skins to form an "equivalent" material. The constitutive matrix, which relates the stress vector to the strain vector, and the density of the equivalent material are obtained by enforcing mass and stiffness matrix equities with regard to the EPA in a least-square sense. Neural networks for these material properties are trained in terms of the design variables of the wing structure. It is shown that this EPA with indirect application of Neural Networks, or simply called an Equivalent Skin Analysis (ESA) of the wing structure, is more efficient than the EPA and still fairly good results can be obtained. Another approach is to use the sensitivity techniques. Sensitivity techniques are frequently used in structural design practices for searching the optimal solutions near a baseline design. In the present work, the modal response of general trapezoidal wing structures is approximated using shape sensitivities up to the second order, and the use of second order sensitivities proved to be yielding much better results than the case where only first order sensitivities are used. Also different approaches of computing the derivatives are investigated. In a design space with a lot of design points, when sensitivities at each design point are obtained, it is shown that the global variation in the design space can be readily given based on these sensitivities.
Ph. D.

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Dannecker, Robert Karl Walter. "Wind energy in the built environment : an experimental and numerical investigation of a building integrated ducted wind turbine module." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2001. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=20354.

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Wind is now established in Europe as a major 'renewable energy' resource, but its large scale exploitation is increasingly limited by environmental issues. Hence, on the way to a more sustainable development, it is desirable to seek ways to incorporate it into small scale embedded generation. As a first step, a prototype of a small scale Ducted Wind Turbine has been developed and tested, which seems to be feasible for integration into a conventional building. The wind flow around the building generates differential pressures which may cause an enhanced massflow through the turbine. This thesis is concerned with the investigation of the flow through building integrated duct configurations. Hence, pressure and wind speed measurements have been carried out on a wind tunnel model at different angles of incident wind. Different duct geometries with attached spoilers have been tested, and it was confirmed that wind speeds up to 30 % higher than in the approaching free stream are induced in the duct, in some cases tolerating an angle of incident wind up to 60°. The experimental work proceeded in parallel with Computational Fluid Dynamics modelling. Adaptive gridding of the complex full model geometry required a two dimensional approach, which was used to compare the predicted flow behaviour qualitatively. Three dimensional simulation of the flow field in the building integrated duct could be compared with experimental results. A new flow field mapping approach was initialised to form a two stage process in which conditions in the large-scale flow domain, modelled in a coarse three dimensional simulation, are used as boundary conditions for a localised simulation of the duct flow. Based on performance measurements of a free standing prototype in field trials and the experimentally determined wind speed in the duct, a power prediction model was developed. For the Scottish climate, the proposed device compares favorably with conventional small wind turbines and photovoltaics. The presented work evaluates the concept of harvesting wind energy in the built environment and provides outlines for the future design of a building integrated Ducted Wind Turbine module.

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Baughman, Sam. "Management in Major League Baseball: How General Managers Succeed and Fail Using Statistics to Build Winning Franchises." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1591.

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Baseball fans discuss and remember the heroics of Major League Baseball players and managers. However, team executives operate away from the crowds, in the front office to draft, trade for, and sign talented players and managers to construct successful teams. The intent of this thesis is to first rank and analyze these general managers and presidents of baseball operations through finance and baseball statistics. Then, I will examine team statistics to determine what statistics correlate to winning. Two of the general managers, Theo Epstein and Dan O’Dowd, will then be examined more thoroughly to determine how their decisions impacted their respective teams. Ultimately, this paper will conclude with an assertion that the strategic actions of upper level executives in Major League Baseball directly positively and negatively impact the performance of their teams.

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Cerny, Mark A. "Integrating the Built and Natural Environments Through Renewable Energy Technologies: supplying wind power to Kirkmont Center." Miami University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=muhonors1146540288.

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Emejeamara, Francis Chimeziri. "Urban wind resource assessment : predicting the turbulence intensity, excess energy available and performance of roof mounted wind turbines in a built environments." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2017. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/17496/.

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De-centralised renewable energy power generation is proposed to be a significant part of the future of electricity generation technology, with wind energy playing a significant role. With half of the global population residing in urban and suburban areas, the opportunity for individuals or small organisations to generate power locally facilitates the decrease in losses associated with long distance electricity generation and transmission. Small-scale wind turbine applications within suburban/urban areas are exposed to high level of gust and turbulence compared to flow over less rough surfaces (e.g. coastal/offshore areas, open grasslands, rural areas, etc.). There is, therefore, a need for such systems not only to cope with, but to thrive under such rapidly fluctuating, complex urban wind conditions. Assessing the potential of a proposed urban wind turbine project is hindered by insufficient assessment of both the urban wind resource and power capabilities of certain turbine designs within a potential suburban/urban site. This, however, requires estimation of important factors such as local atmospheric turbulence, total energy available to the turbine system and the potential power output to be generated should a certain turbine system design be installed within a potential site. The research presented in this thesis proposes a methodology for scoping the potential of small wind turbines within a built environment through effective assessment of the urban wind resource and power capabilities of small turbine systems. The aim is to address the lack of accurate and affordable methods for site viability assessment of small wind turbines within a built environment. This methodology encompasses three sub-models which estimate the local atmospheric turbulence (represented by the turbulence intensity, T.I.), additional energy within the gusty urban wind (represented by the excess energy content, EEC) and the turbine power capability at different heights within a potential site. Firstly, to quantify the influence of location on the total energy available to a small wind turbine at a potential site, an in-depth evaluation of the urban wind resource is completed. This includes the development of methods to predict the local atmospheric turbulence at a given turbine mast height, and the additional energy available to the turbine which is usually under represented when using assessments based only on mean wind speeds. This is achieved using high temporal resolution wind measurement datasets from eight potential turbine sites within the urban and suburban environments and LiDAR building height datasets from three major UK cities namely, Leeds, Manchester and London. Subsequently, new analytical models are developed that allow the mapping of atmospheric turbulence and excess energy at different heights over Leeds, Edinburgh, Manchester and London by combining the T.I. and EEC estimation models with currently available methods of predicting mean wind speeds over urban areas. The results from these two models highlight the importance of including building height variation and changes in wind direction within the assessment, and also the value of employing detailed building geometric data as model inputs. A simple low-cost 2-D multiple streamtube vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) model capable of simulating turbine performance in a fluctuating wind isdeveloped. Combining this VAWT model with dynamic stall features and variable speed control strategy, enables a system based design of wind turbines operating within suburban/urban environment. A method of estimating the performance of a turbine operation within an urban wind resource is developed by assessing the power capabilities of the VAWT model using high-resolution wind measurement datasets as model inputs. This is combined with the T.I. and EEC estimation models in developing a new model known as the turbine power estimation (TPE) model used in mapping turbine performance at different heights over Leeds, Edinburgh, Manchester and London. Comparison between the TPE model and a generic power curve is made, hence suggesting the possibility of using a simple model to estimate the power capabilities of a certain turbine design while accounting for local turbulence within an urban wind resource. Finally, the investigation of the cumulative potential of small wind turbine power generation in Leeds, Edinburgh, Manchester and London indicates a largely untapped wind resource available (represented by high EEC values estimated within small distances in each city) which could be harnessed if gust tracking solutions were to be commercially available. It also highlights the importance of site viability assessment and its financial implications illustrated by capacity factor maps over the four cities, which has practical value for turbine manufacturers and urban planners alike. Thus, for urban wind applications to achieve their optimum deployment potential, this research study proposes a simple, effective and affordable tool for preliminary scoping the potential of certain small wind turbine designs within a suburban/urban environment, and hence encouraging effective carbon savings. In order to maximize the impact of this research study, it would be valuable that these maps be extended to other towns/cities and made available and easily accessible to individuals and interested parties, and hence this is a major objective of future work.

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Nobile, Rosario. "A computational fluid dynamics investigation of a vertical axis augmented wind turbine designed for the built environment." Thesis, University of Reading, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.631700.

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In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in vertical axis wind turbines (VA WTs); as they show a number of benefits when installed in the built environment. Nevertheless, VAWTs still suffer from: complex aerodynamics; dynamic stall and hence lower efficiency. Additionally, when they are integrated in the built environment the challenges are low/zero starting torque, noise and vibrations, visual impact and blade safety. In response to these needs, a vertical axis augmented wind turbine (A WT) has been developed, which is composed of a stator and a rotor. In this thesis, the aerodynamics of the vertical axis augmented wind turbine (A WT) was examined by employing a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) tool. The main focus was on the 2D and 3D simulations of the vertical axis augmented wind turbine (A WT). In the 2D investigation, an open rotor was analysed in order to select the most appropriate mesh, turbulence model, and timestep. Successively, the rotor was combined with a stator and the results compared to the open rotor. The development of dynamic stall in both open and augmented rotors was also examined. The CFD results of the open rotor were validated using experimental data. In the 3D stator, the focus was to understand how the stator blades, the diameter and the conical surfaces could affect the flow. In the 3D open and augmented rotors, the results were compared to the 2D cases in order to evaluate similarities and dissimilarities. The 2D investigation has shown that the forces generated on the blades of an open rotor were dependent on the mesh resolution and turbulence model selected, while the timestep had small impact. The introduction of an augmenter has the potential to increase the power coefficient by 1.35 times when compared to the open rotor. However, the stator blade and conical surface orientation were found to affect the performance of the A WT, while changing the rotor blade orientation had small impact. The generation of dynamic stall was detected at low tip speed ratios (TSRs), but the turbulence model could affect its formation. The CFD results of the open rotor were found to be in good agreement with experimental data. In the 3D investigation, the stator was found to guide and accelerate the flow, but the orientation of both conical surface and stator blade play an important role. The 3D simulations, related to open and augmented rotor, were found to have similarities and dissimilarities when compared to the 2D. This research has developed a modelling technique, which could help with the further development of the AWT.

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Joubert, Elize. "The relativity of authenticity: Notions of authenticity in the Cape Winelands cultural landscape and the impact of wine tourism on cultural heritage." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/21538.

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This study explores various notions of authenticity in tourism experience and seeks to establish if these notions are compatible with the concept of authenticity in conservation of the built environment. Three wine farms in the Cape Winelands cultural landscape, a proposed serial World Heritage Site, have been studied. The study suggests that object-related or material authenticity is being replaced with alternative notions of authenticity in tourism and that the toured object, for the purpose of winelands tourism in the Western Cape during this period, no longer needs to be authentic.

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Snæbjörnsson, Jónas Thór. "Full- and Model Scale Study of Wind Effects on a medium-rise Building in a built up Area." Doctoral thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Fakultet for ingeniørvitenskap og teknologi, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-173.

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The present study deals with full- and model scale study of wind effects on a medium-rise building in a built up area. Most low-rise building experiments have been based on an isolated building placed in a relatively uniform terrain. Similarly, the very tall buildings often extend out from their environment in a similar fashion. However, buildings are constructed in various shapes and placed in different types of terrain and topography. Therefore, despite a number of studies made in the past, there are still problems that remain unsolved. As the majority of office- and residential buildings in populated areas fall in the intermediate height category, it should be of interest to examine the wind effects acting upon such a building, as well as its dynamic response. For this purpose, an experimental program was initiated utilising a combination of full-scale measurements and wind tunnel studies, where the fluctuating wind actions are evaluated from recorded simultaneous point pressure fluctuations. Recent improvements in experimental techniques and data handling enable a more detailed information gathering that should eventually lead to an improved understanding of the pressure field around buildings. The investigation studies, experimentally, the wind induced dynamic loading and response of a multi-story building of intermediate height. The presented work evolves on one hand around experimental data acquisition in both full- and model scale, whereas on the other it evolves around basic data reduction, understanding and interpretation of the acquired data. The objective of the study is, in a way, to attempt to provide a sound wind loading chain a la Davenport [29], in the form of data that would facilitate the study of the links connecting the main parameters i.e. Wind – Load – Response. This entails the definition of the relevant wind parameters, the description of the aerodynamic loading process, such as the time-dependent variations of pressure fluctuations on the building surface, and an investigation of the wind induced response of a medium-rise building. Information on the study-building and the experimental setup and procedures is given, for both full-scale and model scale. The full-scale and model scale data are systematically compared through the evaluation of descriptive parameters of both wind turbulence and surface pressures. In general, the evaluated full-scale parameters are found to be in qualitatively good agreement with the model scale parameters. However, the investigation revealed some characteristic differences between full-scale and model scale behaviour. These differences are largely related to the fact that significant variability is found to be inherent in the fullscale data, whereas considerably less variability seems to be associated with the wind tunnel data.

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Christofel, Aditya Billy. "OOPS! THEY BUILD IT AGAIN : A suitability analysis for future wind farm location in Sweden." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för geografi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-161064.

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The world energy needs increasing in a significant number and currently it is mainly sourced from the finite fossil fuel. Other than that, fossil fuel is the main source of CO2 emissions that leads to the increasing rate of global warming that will ultimately change the earth's climate. Thus, researcher began to look for alternative energy that is renewable and has the least impact to the world's climate; one example is wind energy. Sweden has experienced a significant increase in wind energy generation, where the wind production constantly grows in the double-digit rates since 2010. However, developing a wind energy requires a significant research and feasibility study in order to provide an economically sustainable operation. Wind farm needs to be located in areas with a good wind potential, however there are several technical and economic limitation on where the wind farm should be located. On top of that, social rejection might also hinder the development of wind energy. Audio-visual obstruction and disturbance to the natural state of the environment are the main arguments that were used to challenge the development of wind farm. Therefore, a multi-disciplinary study needs to be conducted in order to find the perfect balance; which is exactly what this study is all about. The result of this study shows that despite the threat of climate change, wind farm in Sweden could thrive due to the increasing wind speed across the country. It was also discovered that around 30% of the country is suitable, from the social, technical, and economic point of view, as a new location for wind farms. This study also reveals that most of the canceled / rejected wind farms were probably caused by the social rejection due to their proximity to population center or conservation areas. This study also discussed the concept of place attachment and identity that leads to the NIMBY attitude and reflects the concept of the social acceptance issue that happened in Sweden and on how to localize the wind farm concept to the local residence.

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Newberry, James. "A Damage Assessment and Wind Loading Analysis of Residential Structures Built Post-1996 in Punta Gorda in the Wake of Hurricane Charley." Scholar Commons, 2006. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3749.

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One of the communities in the path of Hurricane Charley as it came ashore August 13, 2004, was Punta Gorda, recording gusts up to 145 mph. This project utilizes aerial photos taken approximately 10 days after the storm battered the area, using a digital photography program. Focusing on the one-story residential structures (houses) of the Punta Gorda area, a damage assessment could be made of the area’s homes, and how they stood up to the storm. This study focused further on homes built after major changes to the local/state building codes went into effect (starting in 1996) after the devastation left in south Florida by Hurricane Andrew in 1992. After selecting approximately 20 damaged houses, damaged from wind loading only, an analysis of these houses (or types of houses) could then be undertaken complying with the most current building/wind codes used at the time of Charley’s landfall. Furthermore, by looking at the pictures, and using reports outlining the types of damage seen from the storm, the building/wind codes could then be checked for their effectiveness. After performing a wind loading analysis on houses similar to those seen in the selected pictures, and using the wind code provisions of ASCE 7-98, calculations show a substantial increase in local wind pressure to various zones of the roof. High pressure zones of the roof included the ridges of the gable and hipped style roofs, as well as the corners and the edges. More emphasis needs to be placed on the installation of the clay tiles (mandated by certain deed-restricted subdivisions of Punta Gorda). If the tiles are ripped off from the wind, then the roof sheathing becomes exposed to the environment, and if this becomes damaged, rain leaking down into the interior of the house would cause additional damage.

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Boughan, Trajn. "Managing architectural design under-construction : talking to build the airport railway depot, Hong Kong /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3074377.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2002.
Typescript. Leaf v does not exist therefore pre-paging is misnumbered. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 256-262). Also available on the Internet.

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Lundström, Tomas. ""Let us build an ark!" : Jonas De Geer and the negotiation of religion within radical nationalism." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-295456.

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This thesis illuminates meaning(s) of religion in a Swedish radical nationalist context. The empirical study is based on a critical text analysis of author Jonas De Geer, key ideology producer of Swedish radical nationalism. The research questions concern how the publications of Jonas De Geer, during the period 1996-2016, address issues related to religion and Christian imagery. The primary aim of the thesis – to study how the concept of religion is understood, negotiated and used in a Swedish radical nationalist context – is enunciated through an examination of how identity and antagonists are construed through the notions of religion in the material, and how these concepts change over time. An applied text analysis, informed by critical discourse analysis and corpus linguistics, constitutes the methodological framework of the study. The empirical analysis suggests that Christianity and national identity are construed as intertwined and natural, while Judaism is portrayed as the primary antagonist. Additionally, Islam and modernist ideals are depicted as weapons used by Jewish influence to dominate the West. Drawing on these empirical implications, the study concludes that religion functions as a racist configuration in De Geer's symbolic universe.

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Almherigh, Mohamed Abdalla Mohamed. "Evaluation of finite element analysis techiques applied to a floating offshore wind turbine." Thesis, University of Salford, 2005. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/2216/.

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The work presented here is a research thesis of the Ph. D programme in The School of Computing, Science & Engineering at The University of Salford UK. The work presents the evaluation of using explicit finite element techniques for structural non-linear dynamic analysis of a floating offshore wind turbine used for harnessing wind kinetic energy and converting it to electricity. The LS-DYNA3D explicit finite element analysis programme is used in performing the evaluation of the analysis and in creating a full scale model typical to the one evaluated. The developed model (case study) is a 1.4MW power rated floating 3 blades turbine elevated at 46.5 m above main sea level a top a tripod lattice steel tower firmly resting on a moored floating concrete hull buoy, positioned on a concrete circular disk. The mooring cables supporting the floating units in the multi unit farm are designed to share seabed anchoring piles for economic reasons. The model is intended for use in moderately deep waters of up to 500m. The State-of-the-art report is presented concerning wind energy technology, floating offshore wind structures and important features of the LS-DYNA3D code. The theoretical basics for service loads experienced by the floating wind turbine are explored and the loads are quantified. The Verification and validation work on developed small models is presented to ensure confidence in the developed full scale model and the evaluation of the finite element techniques which may be applied to such structures. Development of full scale model, material properties, loads and boundary conditions are presented. Recommendations both for this model and future development are accordingly made.

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Poljakovic, Beatrice, and Malin Pripp. "Wine and dine, or a fine? : A multiple case study on how Swedish companies build and manage B2B guanxi in China." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för marknadsföring (MF), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-65728.

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Since Sweden’s home market is relatively small, companies are forced to engage in international business. Researchers have stressed that companies with a small home market should find new markets to gain benefits which companies with large home markets possess. The Chinese market has great potential, which results in numerous Swedish companies entering and establish business operations in China. Swedish companies need to address the unique aspects of conducting business in China. One of the unique aspects which has been notably concerned is the phenomena of guanxi. Guanxi is well grounded in the Chinese business culture and can be perceived as relationship building. Previous research has shown upon limited research regarding B2B guanxi in the Chinese-Western business relationships. Hence, the purpose of this thesis, is to provide a deeper understanding of how Swedish companies build and manage B2B guanxi in China and explore its potential risks and benefits. To achieve the purpose of this thesis, three main concepts have been identified- building stages of guanxi, management strategies of guanxi and risks and benefits of guanxi. These create the theoretical approach of the study. By using a qualitative research method and a deductive approach, a deeper understanding regarding guanxi in relation to Swedish companies can be acquired. The data is collected from five companies in different industries, conducting business on the Chinse market. Practical and theoretical implications have arisen from this study, contributing to the theoretical synthesis of B2B guanxi and provided valuable insights on how Swedish companies can use B2B guanxi. Based on the analysis, the outcome of this study suggest guanxi is not a prerequisite for conducting business on the Chinese market. Although, it can be seen as a tool to ease relationship building and business operations. The empirical findings indicate the relevance of B2B guanxi and have identified new factors. The key findings imply Swedish companies use intermediaries to a larger extent in the building staged and as a management strategy. While gift-giving and favour exchange are less used management strategies. Smoother business operations are perceived as an additional benefit. Whereas relationships becoming too personal and a person taking the relationships with them when leaving the company are additional risks ought to be considered new findings. The study can be valuable for Swedish companies that wish to enter or have entered the Chinese market.

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Paula, Adson Agrico de. "The airfoil thickness effects on wavy leading edge phenomena at low Reynolds number regime." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3150/tde-27092016-153422/.

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Recently, the wavy leading edge airfoils, inspired by the humpback whale´s flipper, have been investigated, as flow control mechanisms, at low Reynolds numbers in order to improve aerodynamic performance in this particular flow regime. The overall aim of this work is to investigate the airfoil geometric effects on wavy leading edge phenomena in the low Reynolds number regime. Experimental investigations were carried out correlating force measurements with mini-tuft and oil visualizations in order to understand the airfoil thickness effects on wavy leading edge phenomena. Three sets of airfoil thickness were tested (NACA 0012, NACA 0020 and NACA 0030), each set consisting of smooth plus three wavy configurations (A=0.11c, ?=0.40c; A=0.03c, ?=0.40c and A=0.03c, ?=0.11c); Reynolds number was varied between 50,000 and 290,000. The results present many findings that were not possible in previous studies due the fact that these investigations were constrained to specific geometries and/or flow conditions. At higher Reynolds number, the decrease in airfoil thickness leads the airfoils to leading edge stall characteristics causing the lowest aerodynamic deterioration for the thinnest wavy airfoil as compared to smooth configuration in the pre-stall regime. In addition, the results show impressive tubercle performance in the lowest Reynolds number. For any tubercle geometry and airfoil thickness, the wavy leading edge airfoils present higher maximum lift values as compared to smooth configurations showing an unprecedented increase in performance for a full-span model tested in the literature. The flow visualizations present two flow mechanisms triggered by secondary flow: three-dimensional laminar separation bubbles and vortical structures. Regarding three-dimensional laminar bubbles, the results confirm some of the few previous experimental and numerical studies, and presents for the first time these structures as a very efficient flow control mechanism in the post-stall regime justifying the impressive increase in maximum lift in the lowest Reynolds number. Besides that, two characteristics of laminar bubbles, \"tipped-bubbles\" and \"elongated-bubbles\", are identified with different effects in the pre-stall regime. This thesis presents higher tubercle performance for thinner airfoils (NACA 0012) and/or lower Reynolds number conditions (Re=50,000) showing clearly that an optimum performance lead the \"tubercles\" to operate under conditions of leading edge flow separation conditions. Therefore, a design space for tubercles conducted to leading edge stall characteristics confirming the hypothesis of Stanway (2008) eight years before.
Recentemente, aerofólios com bordo de ataque ondulados, inspirados na nadadeira da baleia jubarte, tem sido investigados como mecanismo de controle de escoamento para baixo número de Reynolds com a finalidade de se aumentar o desempenho aerodinâmico neste específico regime de escoamento. O objetivo geral deste trabalho é investigar os efeitos geométricos do aerofólio nos fenômenos do bordo de ataque ondulado na condição de baixo número de Reynolds. Investigações experimentais foram realizadas correlacionando medições de forças com visualizações de lã e óleo a fim de compreender os efeitos da espessura do aerofólio sobre os fenômenos de bordo de ataque ondulado. Três conjuntos de espessura de aerofólios foram testados (NACA 0012, NACA 0020 e NACA 0030) na faixa de número de Reynolds entre 50,000 e 290,000, onde cada conjunto tem um aerofólio liso e três ondulados (A = 0.11c, ? = 0.40c; A = 0.03c, ? = 0.40c e A = 0.03c, 0.11c ? =0.11c). O dados experimentais mostram importantes resultados que não foram possíveis em estudos anteriores devido às investigações serem restritas à geometria ou/e condição de escoamento específicas. O resultados de medida de força mostram que a diminuição da espessura do aerofólio conduz às características de separação de escoamento de bordo de ataque que causam menor deterioração aerodinâmica nos aerofólios ondulados finos quando comparados aos lisos no regime de pré-stall. Além disso, os resultados mostram um desempenho destacado do bordo de ataque ondulado para condição de menor número de Reynolds. Em quaisquer espessuras de aerofólio, os bordos ondulados apresentam valores de sustentação máxima maiores quando comparado aos aerofólios lisos mostrando assim resultado inédito na literatura para modelos ondulados bi-dimensionais. As visualizações de óleo evidenciaram dois mecanismos de controle de escoamento desencadeadas pelo escoamento secundário: bolhas de separação laminar tridimensionais e estruturas vorticais. Os resultados confirmam alguns poucos estudos experimentais e numéricos anteriores relacionadas com bolhas tridimensionais, e apresenta pela primeira vez estas estruturas como um mecanismo muito eficiente de controle de escoamento em regime de pós-stall justificando o aumento de máxima sustentação para o menor número de Reynolds. Adicionalmente, foram identificadas duas estruturas de bolhas tridimensionais nomeados aqui como \"bolhas com pontas\" e \"bolhas alongadas\" que causam distintos efeitos no regime de pré-stall. Esta tese apresenta como resultado maior desempenho para aerofólios ondulados com menor espessura (NACA 0012) e/ou para condições de menor número de Reynolds (Re=50,000)mostrando claramente que estas características levam as ondulações a operarem em condições de stall de bordo de ataque assim tendo um desempenho superior. Portanto, um espaço de projeto para tubérculos conduz às características de stall de bordo de ataque confirmando a suposição de Stanway (2008) oitos anos antes.

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Soukupová, Ivona. "Penzion s vinným sklepem." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-240356.

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The content of the master thesis is processing of design documentation for the newly-built detached building of guest house with wine cellar. The cappacity of guest's accommodation is 24 people. The house is placed on a sloping plot in the village of Žeravice (696 47). It is a two-floor building with partial basement. In the basement there are technical facilities, storage spaces and wine cellar. The structure is based on concrete strip foundations. Loadbearing masonry is from clay blocks. floor structure is from filigran panel, the roof is sadddle with a slope of 25°.

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Alawad, Hiba. "De l'aménagement numérique des territoires à l'intégration du Web dans l'analyse géographique : nouvelles méthodes et perspectives pour les Systèmes d'Information Géographiques (SIG), la cartographie et la télédétection." Phd thesis, Université d'Avignon, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00569413.

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Les Technologies d'Information et de Communication (TIC) facilitent la collecte et le traitement d'informations numériques, aussi nombreuses que variées, et sont de plus en plus sollicitées dans différents domaines (géographie, informatique, économie, statistiques etc.). La thèse a pour objectif de montrer les apports des TIC dans l'étude d'objets ou phénomènes géographiques dont la distribution est variable dans l'espace. Dans un premier temps, des inégalités territoriales de diffusion d'infrastructures Internet sont observées à différentes échelles, ce qui est communément appelé " la fracture numérique ". Pour remédier à ces inégalités, en particulier dans des espaces peu densément peuplés, la solution proposée est d'envisager une desserte maximale du territoire par la technologie non-filaire (Wi-Fi). Cette solution a été appliquée pour une commune drômoise (La Roche-sur-le-Buis). Les données (bâti) sont de type images et nécessitent un dispositif de repérage et de collecte approprié qui fait l'objet du second temps de la recherche. L'objectif a été de trouver une méthode relativement simple et accessible d'extraction de données du bâti sous un logiciel de géo-localisation en accès libre (type Google Earth). Ce logiciel permet d'accéder à des bases de données d'images raster grand public couvrant le monde entier. A une échelle fine, les méthodes habituelles de télédétection n'étant pas assez satisfaisantes, une autre méthode basée sur une stratégie de choix de la cible, de l'image (bonne résolution spatiale) et de la méthode de détection de l'objet spatial (bâti) à l'aide d'un Système d'Information Géographique (SIG) est proposée en mode vecteur. Elle est testée en France et en Syrie à différentes échelles. Les résultats montrent que la qualité de cette approche semi-automatique, voire automatique, est liée à certains paramètres dans les trois phases de la méthode : phase de choix des données, phase de traitement et phase d'analyse

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Tsao, Sheng-jue, and 曹盛哲. "Wind Loads of Solar Tracker on Flat Building Roof in Built-up Area." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/93421405500483618021.

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碩士
國立中央大學
土木工程學系
102
This study used wind tunnel experiment and numerical simulation to investigate the aerodynamic loading on the solar tracker installed on flat building roofs. The surface pressures on the model tracker were measured under different wind directions, azimuth angles, inclined angles and pedestal height of the tracker.

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Su, Kuo-Ting, and 蘇國鼎. "Create a Win-Win Situation — Build a Production Line that can Fulfill the Requirement of On-time Delivery: A Case Study with Lean Production Implementation on Aircraft Engine Component Repair." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/9bnn78.

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碩士
國立臺灣科技大學
工業管理系
105
The aircraft engine maintenance industry is one of the affiliated industries of the air transport industry, and is established owing to the strict requirements of flight safety. Although the maintenance procedures are rigorously regulated by the maintenance manual, although the quality of a repair needs to meet the requirements of maintenance manual before final assembly and testing, and although it is very difficult to obtain required airworthiness maintenance certification, companies in this industry still make continuous investments in manpower and capital to provide new maintenance services to maximize its economic effects because the size of the market is about 250 billion US dollars. However, when all companies achieve similar level of maintenance skills, the competition will mainly focus on price, customer service, and punctual delivery time. The case in this study explores how a subsidiary company of United Technologies Group used lean production management skills to help the company to strengthen the organization’s capabilities to cope with the challenges of the shrinkage of the demand of maintenance of the old models, the increase of the maintenance demand of new engines, and the requirement of timely delivery. In particular, the technique of value stream mapping was used to help identify the key wastes and weaknesses in the production line, and a 100 percent on-time delivery rate was achieved to create a win-win situation. The management analysis tools provided in this case can be applied to similar management dilemmas in different industries. This case can also help the readers understand the processes of implementing lean production management tools.

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KEN, YI-WEN, and 耿怡文. "The Repeat of Continuous Tilt - Build above Time, The Change of Human and SocietyYi Wen Ken’s Ceramic Creations." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/p29v5x.

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碩士
國立臺灣藝術大學
工藝設計學系
105
I am curious about the change of the natural environment, and feel the change of the four seasons and the growth and decline caused by the time. So I have the idea of trying to keep time traces. When I have read many documents and experimented various methods, The whole process is like a self-exploration, human existence is basically composed of time, and the so-called traces is the search for the existence of clues, I am in the framework of time to find the meaning of existence and self-worth from the psychological to the body. Dismantling the memory of past and assembled it one by one. This process is tantamount to put pieces of me together, so I can accept myself easily. In the process of creation, the past and the oldthings began to change, and turned into another new form. Although I will dismantle the past, the old become a new shape, but the original essence is still there, even if invisible to the naked eye, still cannot be easily erased. This creation is based on the concept of time, in addition to exploring the meaning of self-existence, but also attempts to retain the unknown and experience in this process, through the record, leaving the traces of past, present and future, to show the value of time and existence.

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Fischer, Michael. "A Distributed Intelligent Lighting Solution and the Design and Implementation of a Sensor Middleware System." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/6094.

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This thesis addresses a multi-phase research and development project that spanned nearly four years, targeted at providing an ultra high-efficiency, user-friendly, and economic intelligent lighting solution for commercial facility applications, initially targeting underground parking specifically. The system would leverage the strengths of four key technologies: high brightness white Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs), wireless sensor and actuator networks, single board computers, and cloud computing. An introduction to these technologies and an overview of how they were combined to build an intelligent lighting solution is given, followed by an in-depth description of the design and implementation of one of the main subsystems – the Sensor Middleware System – residing on a single board computer. Newly-available LED luminaires (a.k.a. light fixtures) bring the combination of high efficiency, reliability, illumination quality, and long-lifetime to the lighting market. Emerging low-power – and recently low-cost – 802.15.4 wireless networks offer high controllability and responsiveness to deployed luminaires and sensors. The cost- associativity, low maintenance, and easy build-up of Internet Data Center “cloud” computing resources make data collection and remote management infrastructure for Building Automation Systems accessible to even small companies. Additionally, these resources can be much more appropriately sized and allocated, which reduces energy use. These technologies are combined to form an Intelligent Lighting System (ILS). Fitting well within the Internet of Things paradigm, this highly distributed messaging-based “system of systems” was designed to be reliable through loose coupling – spanning multiple network layers and messaging protocols. Its goal was to deliver significant energy savings over incumbent technologies, configurable and responsive lighting service behaviour, and improved experience for users within the facility (pedestrians and drivers) and those interacting with its web-based tools (building managers and ILS administrators). The ILS was partitioned into three main subsystems as follows. The installed Wireless Field Network (WFN) of luminaires and sensors provided coordinated scheduled and real-time output level adjustment (i.e. dimming), with the help of motion sensor triggers. The Monitoring and Configuration System (MCS) in the cloud provided remote data collection and a web-based monitoring and configuration Graphical User Interface application. Network hardware and Message-Oriented Middleware (MOM) were responsible for tying these subsystems together. The MOM layer that provided the message brokering, translating, envelope wrapping, and guaranteed delivery services between the WFN and MCS, as well as field supervisory and quality-of-service functions for the WFN, was called the Sensor Middleware System (SMS). It was hosted on a single board computer located at the facility.
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