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Bertochi, Aparecido Francisco [UNESP]. "A formação teórica de Bukhárin e a transição na URSS: 1906-1921." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/88817.
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bertochi_af_me_mar.pdf: 465608 bytes, checksum: 44078e06f2f629c4b5610084283ddb80 (MD5)Esta pesquisa objetiva resgatar a formação teórica e política do comunista de esquerda Nikolai Ivanovitch Bukhárin, por meio da análise de suas obras, como da consulta às obras de Lenin, de historiadores e de comentadores, visando a compreensão do processo de transicão direta ao comunismo na URSS, entre 1918-1921. Por meio de sua profícua produção política Bukhárin foi um dos teóricos bolcheviques que mais contribuiu, entre 1912 até 1921, ao lado de Lenin, para o aprofundamento das questões do imperialismo, do Estado e da transição, particularmente, da soviética, no interior das correntes marxistas contemporâneas. Foi a partir da elaboração de sua teoria sobre o imperialismo e, posteriormente, também da de Lenin, que se formaram, nas correntes marxistas contemporâneas, as concepções atuais que embasam a compreensão teórica do imperialismo e da globalização. Autor de teses originais e muito polêmicas, Bukhárin foi durante boa parte de sua vida membro e um dos líderes do grupo dos comunistas de esquerda, e esteve em frontal oposição às propostas e idéias de Lenin, em diversas circunstâncias. Porém, isso nunca foi motivo suficiente para provocar uma ruptura efetiva entre ambos. Mas, ao contrário, estes debates contribuíram muito para o amadurecimento do pensamento teórico destes dois importantes formuladores da primeira tentativa concreta de transição ao socialismo, buscada durante a constituição da URSS.
This research goals to redeem the left communist Nikolai Ivanovitch Bukhárin theoretical and politics education, analyzing his works and historians like Lenin, to understand the process of direct transition to the communism in URSS, between 1918 -1921. Bukharin was one of the bolcheviques theoretical who contributes between 1912 - 1921 by Lenin's side to imperialism and State questions, about present Marxism works. After his theory about imperialism (and also, after Lenin theory about the same subject), it raises present conceptions about imperialism and globalization. Author of polemics and originals thesis, he was member and leader of the left communist group and was against Lenin ideas many time. However, this thing was never a reason to break it other. On the contrary, these debates has a hand in rise of Lenin and Burkhárin theoretical think. Both of than were creators of first right tentative of the transition until socialism during the URSS constitution.
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Abu, Alabbas Belal. "Between scripture and human reason : an intellectual biography of Muḥammad ibn Ismā'īl al-Bukhārī (d.256/870)." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2018. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e4ee70d8-9b60-4982-b382-4a96cd6f0553.
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By the dawn of the fifth/eleventh century, al-Bukhārī (d. 256/870) was recognized as the most highly regarded hadith scholar and his Ṣaḥīḥ as the most authoritative book, after the Qur'an. This canonical status promoted a romanticized version of al-Bukhārī that does not reflect the reality that his pre-canonical historical record presents. This study recovers the reality of al-Bukhārī and provides a critical biography of him, tracing the progress of his career and detailing the objectives of his work. It provides a re-assessment of al-Bukhārī's own juridical, theological, and hadith-criticism principles based on an analysis of his own works, arguing that al-Bukhārī was shaped by the split between hadith and ra'y. It distinguishes three stages in his career: early education under ra'y authorities, conversion to hadith-based school, and his critique of the ra'y-based scholars in Transoxania. Al-Bukhārī was a significant contender of theology and law in his own day and certainly promoted a moderate position in theology and law that proved crucial to his future renown. He appears to have been Medinese in law and Iraqi in hadith criticism. His legal theory adopts some of Mālik ibn Anas' (d. 179/795) views and al-Shāfi'ī's (d. 204/820) hermeneutical concepts. His legal method and positive law appear to be systematically anti-ra'y and exhibit a virulent disparage of Abū Ḥanīfa (d. 150/767) and al-Shaybānī (d. 192/804-5). It appears that al-Bukhārī composed the Ṣaḥīḥ over a long period, at least a decade, as the Ṣaḥīḥ itself tends to confirm a chronological progress. This progress, the author contends, was the outcome of al-Bukhārī's long project in Transoxania, combating ra'y and promoting hadith. Al-Bukhārī achieved prominence within hadith-based circles for his unique transmitter-criticism (rijāl) works, particularly al-Tārīkh, but when he conceded that one's utterance (lafẓ) of the Qur'an is created, he was immediately denounced by the hadith-based school. This controversy caused the collapse of al-Bukhārī's career, leading to his demise in Khartank near Samarqand in 256/870.
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Ibn, Ḥajar al-ʻAsqalānī Aḥmad ibn ʻAlī Qazaqī Saʻīd ibn ʻAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Mūsá. "Taghlīq al-taʻlīq ʻalá Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī." Bayrūt ; Dimashq : ʻAmmān, al-Urdun : al-Maktab al-Islāmī ; Dār ʻAmmār, 1985. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/20295009.html.
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Burton, Joan Audrey. "Bukharans in trade and diplomacy 1558-1702." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.690124.
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Bukhari, Syed Saqib [Verfasser], and Thomas [Akademischer Betreuer] Breuel. "Generic Methods for Document Layout Analysis and Preprocessing / Syed Saqib Bukhari. Betreuer: Thomas Breuel." Kaiserslautern : Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, 2012. http://d-nb.info/102908369X/34.
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Barouni, Ahmad Yousef. "A critical study and edition of the manuscript of al-Du'afa' (weak narrators) of Muḥammad ibn Ismāʻīl Bukhārī (d. 256 AH/869 CE)." Available from the University of Aberdeen Library and Historic Collections Digital Resources, 2009. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=25227.
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Mixon, Candace. "The Jadids in Bukhara: the juxtaposition of the reforms of Aini and Fitrat." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=104801.
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This thesis places two important Muslim intellectual leaders of reform in Bukhara in the late 19th and early 20th centuries in a historical and religious context. Jadidism in Central Asia, an Islamic reform movement during this period, is still an understudied topic both in the context of Islamic reform movements and the wider study of Islamic history. The concentration of this project is on efforts towards social reforms in Bukhara by focusing on two major actors in the Jadid movement, ‗Abdalrauf Fitrat and Sadriddin Aini. Through an analytical review of original works written by ‗Abdalrauf Fitrat and Sadriddin Aini, as well as the information provided by secondary sources supporting the historical circumstances and later perceptions of these two intellectuals' influences, this thesis will provide a useful contribution to the growing body of western literature in the field of Central Asian Islam. By using a comparative approach, the thesis examines instances of agreement and disagreement between the two reformers using a variety of sources. Many reports concerning the Jadids at this time have either lumped many reformers together as a singular body or championed the type of reforms proposed by one figure over those or another. It is hoped that this thesis has elucidated the perspectives of reform for Aini and Fitrat and highlighted the multiplicity of ideas present among the Jadids. It is also hoped this work will set a positive foundation on which to set future works concerning the Jadids of Central Asia.Ce mémoire situe deux importants leaders réformistes intellectuels musulmans de Bukhara de la fin du 19ème siècle et du début du 20ème siècle dans un contexte historique et religieux. Le jadidisme, mouvement réformiste islamique de l'Asie centrale durant cette période, est très peu étudié, aussi bien dans le cadre des travaux qui portent sur les mouvements réformistes islamiques que dans le cadre de l'histoire islamique en général. Aussi, cette étude examine les efforts qui visent les réformes sociales à Bukhara de 'Abdalrauf Fitrat et Sadriddin Aini, deux acteurs majeurs du jadidisme. Pour ce faire, elle s'appuie sur la revue analytique des écrits originaux de 'Abdalrauf Fitrat et ceux de Sadriddin Aini, ainsi que sur les conclusions des sources secondaires concernant les circonstances historiques et les perceptions ultérieures des influences de ces deux intellectuels. En appliquant une approche comparative à un ensemble de sources, ce mémoire étudie les points de convergence et de divergence entre les deux réformistes. En fait, les travaux existants qui portent sur le jadidisme tendent soit à mettre les réformistes de ce mouvement dans un seul bloc, soit à favoriser un type de réformes proposé par l'un d'eux au détriment des autres. Aussi, ce mémoire se propose de souligner les différentes perspectives réformistes de Aini et de Fitrat, et donc de relever la pluralité des idées qui est véhiculée par le jadidisme. De même, ce mémoire se propose d'établir les fondements pour les études futures qui portent sur le jadidisme de l'Asie centrale. Ce mémoire constitue donc une contribution au corpus de la littérature occidentale dans le domaine de l'Islam de l'Asie centrale.
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Khan, Safraz. "The development of Muslim reformist(Jadid) political thought in the Emirate of Bukhara(1870-1924)." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.286374.
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Al-Salamin, Ahmad Muhammad Abed. "A critical study and editing of the manuscript " Nuzʹhat al-naẓar fī Kashf Ḥaqīqat al-inshā ' wal-khabar" and its contribution to Arabic linguistics." Thesis, Available from the University of Aberdeen Library and Historic Collections Digital Resources. Online version available for University member only until Jan. 1, 2014, 2009. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=59605.
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Syed, Bukhari Mohtashim Ahmad Verfasser], and Jürgen [Akademischer Betreuer] [Blum. "The role of pebble fragmentation in planetesimal formation during the gravitational collapse of a pebble cloud / Mohtashim Ahmad Syed Bukhari ; Betreuer: Jürgen Blum." Braunschweig : Technische Universität Braunschweig, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1175816175/34.
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Wennberg, Franz. "On the Edge : The Concept of Progress in Bukhara during the Rule of the Later Manghits." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för lingvistik och filologi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-210083.
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This work is a study of the concept of progress in Bukhara between approximately 1860 and 1920. It is based on unpublished and published sources from this period. The study suggests that not only the technological and social developments that took place on a global scale between 1860 and 1920 affected the conceptualization of progress in Bukhara, but that globalized narratives on progress did so as well. Cosmographical concepts and explanations that previously were more common were notably absent in what during the 1910s became a discourse on progress, but the concept of progress still had an important eschatological dimension and was closely related to apocalypticism. Chapter One presents the context of the study. The second chapter discusses the theoretical framework and the analytical concepts. The next chapter continues by outlining the political, economic and cultural conditions in Bukhara during this period as well as providing a short historiographical discussion. The fourth chapter discusses the concept of geography and how it affected metaphorical constructions of time. Chapter Five is a study of how Bukharan travellers conceived of novelties. The following chapter discusses the direction of discontinuity and its eschatological implications. Chapter Seven studies how knowledge was temporalized and affected by a shift in the direction of discontinuity. Chapter Eight discusses the lexeme taraqqī, in which the concept of progress later was embedded, as well as various synchronic and diachronic orders. Chapter Nine discusses the eschatological and apocalyptic discourse in Bukhara during the 1910s. The last chapter contains general conclusions in the form of a discussion of the operational environment of progress in Bukhara between approximately 1860 and 1920.
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Rutkouskaya, Hanna (Hanna Nikolaevna). "Redefining historical Bukhara : professional architectural vision of the national heritage in late Soviet Uzbekistan (1965 - 1991)." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/72818.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2012.Page 96 blank. Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 93-95).
This thesis focuses on how Bukhara's architectural heritage was interpreted and redefined by local architectural professionals between 1965 and 1991, a period characterized by heightened interest in architectural heritage and increased restoration of monuments. Architectural professionals criticized the earlier Soviet "nihilist" treatment of historical Bukhara in the 1920s-1950s and instead framed their work as an attempt to correct earlier mistakes. This thesis analyzes restoration and architectural projects proposed for Bukhara by examining images and text available in the professional Uzbek SSR architectural journal, Architecture and Construction in Uzbekistan (ACU). Using these journals, this thesis illustrates how architectural professionals engaged in creating new meanings for Bukhara's historical environment, as an important part of the new identity construction shaped in conditions of Soviet nation-building and strengthening Uzbek national sentiment. Increasingly alienated from the Soviet center, local professionals developed a renewed understanding of Bukhara's urban heritage in the 1960s-1970s. Marked by almost utopian excitement, their projects envisioned Bukhara as a place of recreation, leisure, and tourism, that spoke to the larger desire to belong to the modern world by matching the modern role assigned to heritage. With tourism finally possible in the 1980s, Bukhara's historical monuments were subjected to "museum-ification" and prepared for display. The importance of displaying national heritage in late Soviet Uzbekistan was in summary a shy attempt, rehearsal, and preemptor of what was yet to come in the future, when in 1991 trans-republic boundaries were replaced by the contemporary ethnically-defined national borders, and an imaginary other, created as a part of the identity construct in the 1980s, eventually became a real global other.
by Hanna Rutkouskaya.
S.M.
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Ido, Shinji Ido. "Towards an Alternative Description of Incomplete Sentences in Agglutinative Languages." University of Sydney. European, Asian and Middle Eastern Languages and Studies, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/841.
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This thesis analyses 'incomplete sentences' in languages which utilise distinctively agglutinative components in their morphology. In the grammars of the languages dealt with in this thesis, there are certain types of sentences which are variously referred to as 'elliptical sentences' (Turkish eksiltili c�mleler), 'incomplete sentences' (Uzbek to'liqsiz gaplar), 'cut-off sentences' (Turkish kesik c�mleler), etc., for which the grammarians provide elaborated semantic and syntactic analyses. The current work attempts to present an alternative approach for the analysis of such sentences. The distribution of morphemes in incomplete sentences is examined closely, based on which a system of analysis that can handle a variety of incomplete sentences in an integrated manner is proposed from a morphological point of view. It aims to aid grammarians as well as researchers in area studies by providing a simple description of incomplete sentences in agglutinative languages. The linguistic data are taken from Turkish, Uzbek, and Japanese, with special reference to (Bukharan) Tajik.
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Levashov, Georgiy G. (Georgiy Georgievich) 1968. "Computer analyses of the historical development of Bukhara city from the 5th c. B.C. to the 19th c. A.D." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/79171.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1998.Includes bibliographical references (leaf 54).
Based on the new architectural excavations by Prof. E. Nekrasova, the thesis will re-read and re-analyze the historical development of the Ark and the Shahristan, the historical cores of the city of Bukhara, and the relationship between them in the formation of the city's urban fabric. Most of the previous theories on the development of Bukhara were based on old historical chronicals. Analyses of the urban fabric were not supported by actual archeological facts. Drawing from my extencive fieldworks and surveys in Bukhara during the last two years, my thesis intends to combine the most acceptable ideas and facts into one persuasive proposal. The theoretical analysis of the paper argues with proposals made by two scholars from Uzbekistan. It takes into account the theoretical framework from both of them and applies it to my analysis of the historical formation of Bukhara. The first is the proposal of Prof. Notkin, who has based his theory of the city's development on the reading of the urban fabric. He believes that the city of Bukhara grew gradually and extended its borders in all directions throughout the city's development. The second proposal, by Prof. Bolshakov, contents that hte city of Bukhara was created according to Roman rules for a city grid, and then subsecuently defonned over the course of 2,000 years. Based on the generalized understanding of the city grid, Prof. Bolshakov presented a theory of the city plan in the beginning of its existance. Beginning with the 5th. c. A.D. through the 19th. c. A.D., my thesis will analyze the urban pattern of Shahristan and its relationship to the Ark in the smaller scale. Using architectural excavations within the Shahristan, my thesis will interpret the words of Narshahi, a writer of the 10th. c. A.D.who said that "Shahristan was divided into four parts and every part was organized as a village" - in a new way. Many scientists interpreted this sentence in the relation to the two roads that crossed the Shahristan from the North to the South and from the West to the East. Recent archaeological excavations reveal several patterns of the old wall in different parts of Shahristan. Using this data, my thesis will recreate and analyze the developments of the patterns of the Shahristan and the Ark and their relationship to the city and society of Bukhara.
by Georgiy G. Levashov.
S.M.
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Mordvintsev, Dmitriy. "Tectono-stratigraphic evolution of the northern margin of the Amu-Darya basin in Uzbekistan (Bukhara-Khiva and Southwestern Gissar regions)." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066198/document.
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L'objectif principal de cette thèse est la reconstruction de l'évolution tectonique et stratigraphique de la marge nord du bassin de l'Amou-Daria et du nord-ouest du bassin Afghan-Tadjik dans le sud-ouest de l'Ouzbékistan (régions de Boukhara-Khiva et SW Ghissar).Nous avons utilisé des données géologiques-géophysiques pour construire 8 coupes géologiques-géophysiques. Deux de ces coupes sont parallèles à la région de Boukhara-Khiva, les six autres la recoupent du nord au sud. Les caractères principaux des surfaces pré-Mésozoïque et Mésozoiques ont été observés ainsi que les failles principales, hauts et dépressions.Une autre partie de la thèse est consacrée à l'analyse de la subsidence, réalisée à partir de 18 puits choisis dans la région. La comparaison des taux de subsidence montre une subsidence tectonique active de la fin du Jurassique inférieur au Jurassique moyen et des événements mineurs au cours du Crétacé inférieur et du Turonien.Une analyse de tectonique cassante, comprenant des travaux de terrain, a été menée dans la chaîne du SW Ghissar. Des populations de failles ont été mesurées dans les carbonates du Jurassique moyen-supérieur. Les résultats indiquent que les failles normales sont associées à une extension de direction NE qui s'est développée dans la marge nord du bassin de l'Amou-Daria au cours du Jurassique moyen supérieur.Nos résultats montrent que l'évolution du bassin de l'Amou-Daria est liée au développement de la marge nord de l'océan néo-téthysien au Mésozoïque. La subduction vers le nord de la Néo-Téthys sous l'Eurasie durant le Jurassique a induit un régime extensif dans la plaque Touran chevauchante et l'ouverture du bassin de l'Amou-DariaThe main aim of this thesis is reconstructing the tectono-stratigraphic evolution of the northern margin of the Amu-Darya basin and northwestern part of the Afghan-Tajik basin in southwestern Uzbekistan (Bukhara-Khiva and Southwestern Gissar regions). We have used a complex of geological-geophysical data for the construction of 8 geological-geophysical sections. Two lines are parallel to the Bukhara-Khiva region, while other six cross it from the north to the south. The principal features of the pre-Mesozoic and Mesozoic surfaces were observed. The main faults, highs and lows were also determined.Another part of the study is the tectonic subsidence analysis, performed through 18 wells, chosen for the area. The comparison of the tectonic subsidence rates shows an active tectonic subsidence during the late Early Jurassic to Middle Jurassic, and minor events during the Early Cretaceous and the Turonian.The fault tectonic analysis, including fieldworks, has been performed in the Southwestern Gissar Mountains. We mainly analysed the faults population in the Middle-Late Jurassic carbonates. The results indicate that normal faulting developed during the Middle-Late Jurassic associated with the NE-trending extension that developed in the northern margin of the Amu-Darya basin.All of the results show that the Amu-Darya basin evolution is strongly connected to the Mesozoic development of the northward subduction of the Tethys Oceanic domain beneath the Central Asia margin. During the Jurassic, the northward subduction of the Neo-Tethys beneath Eurasia generated extensional stress fields in the overriding Turan platform which originated the Amu-Darya basin
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Barouni, Ahmad Yousef. "A critical study and edition of the manuscript of al-Du’afa’ (weak narrators) of Muḥammad ibn Ismāʻīl Bukhārī (d. 256 AH/869 CE)." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2009. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=25227.
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This thesis is primarily concerned with a study and critical examination of the manuscript al-Du’afa’ of al-Bukhārī, which is one of the earliest and most important manuscripts to be written on the subject of Al-Jarh wa al-Ta'dil (disparagement and validity). This thesis is one of the first to examine existing manuscripts of this work, and in it five copies of the same manuscripts are compared. It is one of very few studies in the English language that critically examine the books of Al-Jarh wa al-Ta'dil to try to understand the methodology of its scholars, and to attempt a reconciliation between their differing opinions. At the same time, it will enrich the current Arabic literature in this field, as there has not yet been a complete study of this crucial manuscript in the field of Hadīth. This thesis may be considered to be an exposition of two main points: firstly, it collates and critically examines the terms of disparagement that have been used by al-Bukhārī or transmitted by him from his teachers in the manuscript al-Du’afa’, and a comparison of his usage of these terms with other common opinions regarding them. Also a comparison is made between al-Bukhārī's usage of these terms in this manuscript with his usage in his other books. Secondly, it involves a presentation of the manuscript al-Du’afa’ in a clear academic fashion that makes it accessible to students and researchers of all backgrounds. This study makes it apparent the great importance of the manuscript al-Du’afa’ in the field of Al-Jarh wa al-Ta'dil.
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Al-Uwaishiq, Sulaiman H. "Critical bibliography : analysis of a twelfth century manuscript." Thesis, University of Wales Trinity Saint David, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.683107.
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Bukhari, Hassan [Verfasser], Thorsten [Gutachter] Müller, and Thomas [Gutachter] Günther-Pomorski. "Generation and pathophysiological relevance of nuclear FE65/TIP60 spheres as a function of the amyloid precursor protein phosphorylation / Hassan Bukhari ; Gutachter: Thorsten Müller, Thomas Günther-Pomorski ; Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie." Bochum : Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1157095054/34.
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Majid, Latifah Bintio Abdul. "The Bahr Al-Madhi of Shaykh Idris Al-Marbawi and the Jawahir Al-Bukhari of Tuan Haji Husayn : Significance Hadith texts for Malay Muslims as tools for religious political and social teaching during twentieth century." Thesis, University of Wales Trinity Saint David, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.504248.
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This thesis sets out to investigate on the specific Hadi-th texts, Bahr al-Madhi al-sharh mukhtasar sahih al- Tirmidhi of Shaykh ldris al-Marbawi and Tazkir al-qaba'il Jawahir al-Bukhari of Tuan Haji Husayn as religious, social and political teachings for Malay Muslims during the twentieth century. These texts are selected for two reasons: firstly, both provide invaluable data for analyses-, secondly, both were openly acknowledged by the Malay community until recently as highly esteemed sources of revelation from the Prophet t The research is therefore undertaken on several premises, as folloys: Al-Marbawl and Husayn's translations and commentaries are held to have been serviced by the great Ijadi-th scholars - al-Tirmidhi and al-Bukhari - and should therefore be esteemed accordingly. In line with this, the present study aims to demonstrate al-Marbawi and Husayn's deep condemnation at that time of the misconduct of Malay Muslims and of the ideology held by the Kawn Tua and Kaum Muda (political polemics) for instance. As a criticism of Malay Muslims, their teaching and condemnation is absolute. This study believed that these Mo great scholars were independent authorities who would respond to key existing problems (including disunity, unjust leadership, and conflicts between religious scholars) as their mission to uphold the truth as guided by the Prophet in Hadith
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Khalid, Suliman. "The successor of the Prophet : A historical analysis of the early political differences between the Sunni and Shi’a Islamic school of thoughts." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-338594.
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The early split of Islam is regarded as one of the most profound and complex events in Islamic history, not only would it lay the foundation of two predominant branches of Islam, but it would also be one of the oldest arguments in Islamic history. Who is the rightful successor to the Prophet Muhammed? This essay aims to explore the deep root behind the initial schism of Islam and understand the arguments both schools use to legitimize their position. What do the Sunnis and Shi’as say about the event of Ghadir, the hadith of the two weighty things and the incident of Saqifa, and how do each school of Islam interpret these events? The source material consists of Hadiths and scholastic literatures from both Sunni Islam, Shi’a Islam, as well as literatures from Secular sources. By basing the analysis on Wilfred Madelung’s and Ali Asghar’s theory of disserting Orientalist understanding of a monolith perspective on Islamic history, the essay aims to understand and broaden the reality of the schism of Islam and to bring emphasis on the events that often goes ignored throughout history. Finally, the results prove that both Sunnis and Shi’as differ regarding the caliphate, and the assertions for these lay in their respective interpretations. The Shi’as maintain that Ali should’ve been the successor, while the Sunnis believe Abu Bakr was the caliph.
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Salehi, Lorestani Sharareh. "La synthèse des éléments visuels et l'influence des thèmes littéraires dans la peinture indo-persane pendant la période d'Akbar Shâh (1542-1605)." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAC018/document.
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La relation entre la peinture et la littérature persane était étroitement liée pendant toute l'histoire del'Iran après la conquête de l'Islam. Ce sont souvent les sujets mystiques qui dominent la littérature persane et ils se manifestent également dans la peinture par l'illustration des divans et des ouvrages soufis. C'est ainsi que la peinture persane est le grand témoin de l'approche gnostique et elle possède une dimension mystique transcendante. Les éléments et les symboles, inspirés des métaphores sublimes de la littérature soufie persane, nous orientent vers des interprétations mystiques dont on trouve la manifestation explicite dans la plupart des suppléments de la peinture persane. Les conceptions soufies se sont manifestées également dans la peinture des écoles dérivées de la peinture persane comme l'école de la peinture inde-persane et l'école de la peinture moghole. Il faut souligner que la circulation de la langue persane avait un rôle remarquable dans ce parcours. Notamment, d'une part le persan était la langue officielle de l'Inde sous le règne d'Akbar, l'empereur moghole passionnée de la culture persane, et de l'autre part les vagues d'émigrations des poètes et des peintres iraniens vers l'Inde, sous la pression des docteurs religieux safavides développaient l'influence de la culture persane dans le sous-continent indien.Les deux raisons essentielles qui préparaient la base d'un grand mouvement artistique. L'affection des rois moghols envers les confréries soufies, hérité de leur grand ancêtre Tamerlan, se manifestait par le respect qu'ils avaient pour les soufies et, en particulier, pour les Sheikh (s) naqšbandîPersian painting and Persian literature were closely linked during the history of Iran after the conquest of Islam. lt is often the mystical topics of Persian literature, which have an effect on the Persian painting. During the Timurid dynasty, Sufism has occupied a central place in the society of Iran. The Sufism ideology, in particular the naqsbandî beliefs, has brought a transcendent mystical dimension to the illustrations of this period of history of Persian art. We can find the explicit mystical influence of the big naqshbandî master and the last great medieval mystic, Jami, on the painting of Kamâl al-Dîn Bihzâd. Obviously, the success of Bihzâd disciples, who were under his influence, gave birth to the lndo-Persian painting in Mughal court.Moreover, Akbar (1542-1605) and his great passion for the Persian language and culture had adecisive role in the development of the Persian mystical thoughts in lndia. The Persian language became the official language of the lndian Mughal Empire du ring his reign.The devotion of Akbar for the Sufism was particularly manifested in his special respect toward naqsbandî Sheikhs. At the same time, under the religious pressure of the Safavid dynasty some of the lranians were obliged to leave their country. The big passion of Akbar in one hand and the immigration waves of lranians, especially Sufis, poets and artists to the lndia, on the other hand,prepared the society for intellectual and artistic movements.ln fact, the naqsbandî traditions and ideas have travelled from Iran to the northern lndia. Bokhara played a great role in the circulation of beliefs and ethics of the naqsbandî order between Persia and India
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Bukhari, Sulafah. "Consumer Loyalty in Fast-Food Restaurants in Saudi Arabia." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31899.
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This study assesses the loyalty behaviour of consumers in fast-food restaurants in Saudi Arabia by studying the antecedents and the consequences of loyalty behaviour. The sample consisted of 231 Saudis and non-Saudis living in Saudi Arabia. They were approached using the “snowball” technique. Participants were all over the age of eighteen, and they were customers of Al-Baik restaurants. Data was collected through a face-to-face questionnaire, and analyzed using SPSS software. Specifically, Cronbach’s Alpha test, Pearson correlation coefficient, Spearman correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis were used. Results show that significant relationships exist between the antecedents and the consequences of loyalty behaviour. It is also indicated that participants’ personalities and values were significantly related to the loyalty behaviour of consumers in Saudi Arabia. The major limitation of this study is that it was conducted in only one city, Jeddah. Therefore, additional research should be carried out in other cities with larger samples. The research results offer compelling evidence that Saudi loyalty behaviour differs from Western behaviour. Therefore, it suggests that international fast-food operators in Saudi Arabia should take local factors into account when formulating marketing strategies, such as the role of women and youth in Saudi society. This thesis makes a novel contribution to the literature, as it is the first to model the antecedents and the consequences of loyalty behaviour of consumers in a single study. It is also the first to study contributed to the literature to examine the relation between the Six Dimensional Achievement Motivation Scale (Jackson, Ahmed, and Heapy, 1976), Rokeach Value System (1973), and loyalty behaviour of consumers.
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Wang, Jia-Yu, and 王嘉瑜. "A Study on Bukharin''s Socialist Economic Thought." Thesis, 1997. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/33602337595786203781.
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碩士淡江大學
俄羅斯研究所
85
Since Joseph V. Stalin deceased, the eastern, western, and non-communistsbegan to seek a non-Stalin socialistic construction project. The economicreformation by the eastern European socialists after 1960s, and thereformation of politic and economic system in USSR by Mikhail Gorbachev after1985s, were both searching for a more suitable path for developing socialism.Undoubtedly, N. I. Bukharin, a socialistic economic theorist and interpreterfor the New economic policy of Vladimir I. Lenin, will come to our mind, whenresearching socialistic economic reformation. He was a notable socialisticeconomist, and offered a different developing method from Stalin''s on thenational development and the theory of worldwide revolution in the earlyperiod of USSR. The purport of the dissertation is to remark these questionsas follows: 1. Through the way from underdevelopment to developed country, arethere many options? How can a nation achieve the aims of economic development,of stabilization of society, and of culture mixture through the chosen path, in order to re-affirm the national consciousness, and to create a new image ofthe society and the public? 2. To investigate Bukharin''s economic thoughts byplacing in the socialistic movement, in order to discuss the alternation ofsocial environment and the evolution of economic thoughts, as well as toanalyze the differences between capitalism and socialism. 3. To recover theoriginal historical look by researching, concluding and explaining Bukharin''seconomic thoughts of different historical stages adequately.
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"Die Hagar-Ismael tradisie in die Sahih van Bukhari." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/12923.
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Memi, Haroon. "The hermeneutics of the Qur'an in the Sahih of Bukhari." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/12882.
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McCambridge, Jeffrey B. "Dante and Islam: A Study of the Eastern Influences in the Divine Comedy." Thesis, 2016. http://doi.org/10.7912/C2QD4M.
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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)In Dante’s Divine Comedy he makes multiple direct references to Islam and Muslims, but there is debate about the amount of influence, if any, Islam had on him while composing his masterwork. This paper attempts to show how the poet, consciously or unconsciously, responded to Islam as a theological and political threat. This is done through analysis of Saladin, the Sultan of Egypt and Crusader leader who was well respected in Europe in Dante’s era; analyzing the Prophet Muhammad’s suffering in Canto XXVIII; and comparing the Divine Comedy to the Prophet Muhammad’s own Night Journey, the al-Isrā wa al-Mi’rāj with a brief discussion on how Mi’rāj texts might have reached Dante.
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Sillah, Bukhari M. S. [Verfasser]. "Banking and economic growth : case of the Gambia / vorgelegt von Bukhari. M. S. Sillah." 2005. http://d-nb.info/977267989/34.
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