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1
Suhonen, Irma, and Leena Kokkonen. "The effect of planting date on growth, seed stalk development and yield of sweet fennel." Agricultural and Food Science 62, no. 3 (1990): 237–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.23986/afsci.72930.
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To study the growth and development of sweet fennel (‘ZEFA-Fino’ and ‘ZEFA-Tardo’) seedlings were raised under greenhouse conditions (night temperature 16—18°C) and planted out at 3—4 true leaf stage on May 21st, June 10th, July 7th and July 27th. The effects of covering mulch and short day treatment of seedlings were studied also. First harvests were performed when field measurements showed that the greatest width of ‘ZEFA-Fino’ bulbs were on average 60 mm. Three harvests were then performed at one week intervals. Plant and bulb weights, bulb greatest width and thickness and, the heights of plant, bulb and stem inside the bulb was measured. The number of bolters were recorded. The bulb width of ‘ZEFA-Fino’ reached 60 mm in 1.5—2 months after planting out depending on planting date. Plant and bulb weights, bulb width and thickness, stem height inside the bulb and the bulb height in the earliest plantings increased as the growth period lengthened. The bulb width of ‘ZEFA-Fino’ was in higher correlation with bulb weight than bulb thickness or height. The ratio between the height of stem inside the bulb and bulb height increased fastest in the lot planted under cover in May and in the lot planted out in June; at the fourth harvest the relationship was 0.8. The largest number of bolters (8 %) was found in the latter lot. The yield estimate for ‘ZEFA-Fino’ at the third and fourth harvest was 170—360 kg/are depending on planting date and length of the growing season. All lots of ‘ZEFA-Tardo’ except that planted in July bolted quickly after the bulb width had grown to 60—70 mm. The yield quality of ‘ZEFA-Tardo’ was low because of elongated bulbs and great variation in bulb height. Short day treatment (dark period 16 h) of the seedlings retarded but did not inhibit bolting of ‘ZEFA-Tardo’.
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Kamal, Neel, and Christopher S. Cramer. "(248) Does Harvesting Stage Affect Bulb Quality in Spring-sown Onions?" HortScience 41, no. 4 (2006): 1046B—1046. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.41.4.1046b.
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Onions grown in New Mexico are currently harvested manually at 80% tops down (TD). Mechanical harvesting is a matter of urgency for growers in order to remain competitive and to reduce their cost and time. The objective of this study was to find the effect of different harvest stages on bulb quality. Twelve different onion cultivars were sown in Feb. 2004 in Las Cruces, N.M. The experiment was laid out in split-plot design with four harvest treatments based on physiological maturity—20% TD, 80% TD, 1 week after 80% TD, and 2 weeks after 80% TD as whole plots, with cultivars as sub-plots. After curing, data on harvest date, bulb diameter, height, firmness, number of growing points, average center diameter, fleshy scale number, and scale thickness were collected. Maximum number of scales was observed when bulbs were harvested 2 weeks after 80% TD, while average scale thickness was greatest when bulbs were harvested 1 week after 80% TD. Significant treatment by cultivar interaction was observed for bulb firmness. Cultivars Cimarron, Sierra Blanca and NMSU 04-52-2 produced firmer bulbs in all treatments, while NuMex Casper, NuMex Jose Fernandez and NuMex Centric produced firmer bulbs than others, only at 20% TD. Maximum bulb firmness was observed in NMSU 04-28 and NMSU 03-52-1 than others, when harvested 1 or 2 weeks after 80% TD. Overall, bulbs harvested 1 to 2 weeks after 80% TD exhibited firmer bulbs with more scales and greater scale thickness.
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Singh, Jagtar, and Christopher S. Cramer. "(18) Is Withholding Irrigation during Winter Months Detrimental to Onion Bulb Quality?" HortScience 41, no. 4 (2006): 1064D—1064. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.41.4.1064d.
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Onion growers in New Mexico often withhold irrigation for overwintered onion varieties during the months of December and January. This study was initiated to determine if this deficit irrigation program is detrimental to onion bulb quality. Twelve short- and intermediate-day onion cultivars, which differed in their maturity, were seeded in Sept. 2004 in Las Cruces, N.M. Once plants were established, 12 plots of each cultivar were not irrigated during the months of December and January (dry treatment), while the same number of plots was irrigated during these months (wet treatment). Once a plot had 80% of the plants with tops down, all bulbs were harvested, cured, and data on date of harvesting, bulb diameter, bulb height, firmness rating, number of centers, scale number, and scale thickness of first and third fleshy layers were collected. For most of the bulb traits measured, there was no difference between the two irrigation treatments for the cultivars tested. For the earliest-maturing cultivars, bulbs grown in the dry treatment had on average more fleshy scale layers than the bulbs grown in the wet treatment. For later-maturing cultivars, bulbs grown in the dry treatment had more growing points (centers) per bulb than the bulbs grown in the wet treatment. For the latest-maturing cultivars, average fleshy scale layer thickness was greater for bulbs grown in the dry treatment. From this work, a winter deficit irrigation program appears to be detrimental to the percentage of single-center bulbs for later-maturing, autumn-sown onion cultivars.
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Doruchowski, Roch W. "Variability and heritability of some onion (Allium cepa L.) characteristics of parental forms, F1 hybrids and F2 generation." Acta Agrobotanica 39, no. 2 (2013): 293–325. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/aa.1986.025.
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The object of the studies in 1977 was a population of 15 F<sub>1</sub> hybrids, 11 F<sub>2</sub> progenies and 16 parental forms (8 male-sterile A lines and 8 inbred C lines - Table 2). Variability and heritability of some onion characteristic weight, height diameter of the bulbs and their shape, collar thickness, adherence and color of dry outer skin, bulb firmness, shape of the collar and position of root disc) were studied. Variability and heritability estimates of bulb weight, diameter and shape of the collar were relatively high (30-70%).Variability of the skin thickness was also high, but heritability of this trait was low. The lowest variability and heritability were shown for bulb firmness. The high heritability of some traits indicates the possibility of increasing the effects of selection and improvement, especially of the weight and shape of bulbs.
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Kamal, Neel, and Christopher S. Cramer. "(16) Delayed Harvesting Results in Firmer Fall-sown Onions." HortScience 41, no. 4 (2006): 1064B—1064. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.41.4.1064b.
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Onions grown in New Mexico currently are hand-harvested. In order to remain competitive and to lower production costs, growers will need to harvest onions mechanically. The current recommendation for harvest time is when 80% of onion tops have fallen. The objective of this study was to measure several bulb quality traits when bulbs were harvested at four different stages. Twelve short- and intermediate-day onion cultivars of different maturities were sown during Sept. 2004 in Las Cruces, N.M. Bulbs were harvested at four stages of physiological maturity: 20% tops down (TD), 80% TD, 1 week after 80% TD, and 2 weeks after 80% TD. After curing, data on harvest date, bulb diameter, height, firmness, number of growing points, average center diameter, fleshy scale number, and thickness were collected. For most traits, no differences existed among the different treatments. For the earliest-maturing cultivars, the maximum bulb firmness and number of scales were observed when bulbs were harvested 2 weeks after 80% TD. For later-maturing cultivars, the maximum number of scales was observed 1 week after 80% TD, while the maximum bulb firmness was observed at 2 weeks after 80% TD. For latest-maturing cultivars, bulbs harvested at 1 week after 80% TD were firmer than bulbs harvested at other times. For later-maturing cultivars, average scale thickness was greatest when bulbs were harvested 2 weeks after 80% TD. From this work, a delayed harvest of 1 to 2 weeks after 80% TD resulted in firmer bulbs with more scales.
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Walker, Ryan L., Sunggil Kim, Javier F. Betran, Kilsun Yoo, and Leonard M. Pike. "Investigation of Doubled Haploid Performance and Combining Ability in Short-day Onion." HortScience 41, no. 4 (2006): 990B—990. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.41.4.990b.
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Onions suffer from severe inbreeding depression, which has inhibited the development of homozygous inbred lines in breeding programs. The creation of doubled haploid (DH) lines in onion provides a unique opportunity to evaluate the utility of such lines as parents in a breeding program. For this purpose, two diallele cross experiments were conducted. The first consisted of a six-parent diallele cross using six DH lines developed at Texas A&M University. The second, a four-parent diallele cross performed with two DH lines and two inbred lines from the breeding program. Bulbs from the various crosses were evaluated for diameter, height, centers/bulb, ring thickness, number of rings/bulb, bulb weight, soluble solids content, and pungency. For some traits, general combining ability (GCA) effects explained most of the variation. However, for other traits, specific combining ability (SCA) effects predominated. For all traits, GCA and SCA were always larger than the reciprocal effects (divided into maternal and nonmaternal components). The GCA and SCA effects show an inverse correlation between the number of centers/bulb and ring thickness.
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Tullo, Abe. "Study on Some Engineering Properties of Holeta Local Variety Garlic (Allium Sativum L.) Grown in Ethiopia." American Journal of Food Science and Technology 1, no. 2 (2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.54536/ajfst.v1i2.1079.
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Garlic (Allium Sativum L.) is an important root vegetable that can be used as a spice in meals and has historically been used as a remedy for various ailments in Ethiopia. The physical properties of the garlic bulbs and cloves were determined for use in the prototype design. The result showed that the equatorial diameter, polar diameter, thickness, geometric mean diameter, arithmetic mean diameter, sphericity, shape index, surface area, moisture content, hundred garlic bulb weight, bulk density, and angle of repose of the garlic bulbs were 45.89, 42.86, 30.43, 39.08 and 39.71 mm, 0.86, 1.34, 17.08 cm2, 66%, 2530 g, 596.70 kg/m3, and 49.7o for garlic bulbs, respectively. Similarly, the result of the width, length, thickness, geometric mean diameter, arithmetic mean diameter, sphericity, shape index, surface area, hundred garlic cloves weight, bulk density, and angle of repose of the garlic bulbs were 14.44, 31.02, 11.63, 17.15, and 20.07 mm, 0.57, 1.27, 4.06 cm2, 239.4 g, 468.4 kg/m3, and 37.56o for garlic cloves, respectively. Therefore, these physical and mechanical properties of garlic bulbs and cloves were used in designing machine parts.
8
Doruchowski, Roch W. "Correlation of some onion (Allium cepa L.) traits." Acta Agrobotanica 39, no. 2 (2013): 347–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/aa.1986.028.
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The research was carried out in 1977 and 1978. Investigations on the correlation of 6 bulb traits showed that bulb weight was determine by bulb diameter in particular. The bulb diameter increased together with the increase in bulb hegiht, collar thickness and diameter of the root disc.
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S R, Singh, Ahamed N, Srivastava K K, Kumar D, and Yousuf S. "Assessment of Genetic Divergence in Long Day Onion (Allium cepa L.) through Principal Component and Single Linkage Cluster Analysis." Journal of Horticultural Sciences 15, no. 1 (2020): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.24154/jhs.2020.v15i01.003.
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To assess the nature and magnitude of genetic diversity in long day onion germplasm by using the principal component analysis and single linkage cluster analysis an experiment was carried out with 34 onion genotypes. High coefficient of variation with wide range in traits indicated an appreciable variability in germplasm. Genotypes were classified into seven principal components having Eigen value > 1, cumulatively accounted for 83.87% of total variability. Principal Component - I contributed for 24.73% of total variation for followed by principal component-II (15.27%). PC-I had high positive loading for bulb weight (0.401), marketable yield (0.338), total bulb yield (0.401) and PC-II had high positive loading for plant height (0.412), PC-III for high T.S.S. (0.276) PC -IV for A grade bulbs (0.436), PC-V for polar diameter of bulbs (0.514), PC-IV negatively loaded with purple blotch (-0.461) and PC-VII for narrow neck thickness (-0 .515). Plotting PC-I aganist PC-II differenciated CITH-O-13, CITH-O-4, CITH-O-22, CITH-O-19, CITH-O-9, CITH-O-6 and CITH-O2 as most divergent genotype.On the basis of single linkage cluster means cluster-I was most importent for average bulb weight, minimum bolters, high marketble bulb percentage high marketable and total bulb yield whereas cluster -II was important for maximum nuber of leaves/plant and minimum neck thicknes. Highest inter-cluster distance was observed between cluter II and Cluster-I(873.5% ).Most divergent genotypes with high inter cluter distance could be the most appropriate parents for crop impovement in onion.
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S R, Singh, Ahamed N, Srivastava K K, Kumar D, and Yousuf S. "Assessment of Genetic Divergence in Long Day Onion (Allium cepa L.) through Principal Component and Single Linkage Cluster Analysis." Journal of Horticultural Sciences 15, no. 1 (2020): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.24154/jhs.v15i1.778.
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To assess the nature and magnitude of genetic diversity in long day onion germplasm by using the principal component analysis and single linkage cluster analysis an experiment was carried out with 34 onion genotypes. High coefficient of variation with wide range in traits indicated an appreciable variability in germplasm. Genotypes were classified into seven principal components having Eigen value > 1, cumulatively accounted for 83.87% of total variability. Principal Component - I contributed for 24.73% of total variation for followed by principal component-II (15.27%). PC-I had high positive loading for bulb weight (0.401), marketable yield (0.338), total bulb yield (0.401) and PC-II had high positive loading for plant height (0.412), PC-III for high T.S.S. (0.276) PC -IV for A grade bulbs (0.436), PC-V for polar diameter of bulbs (0.514), PC-IV negatively loaded with purple blotch (-0.461) and PC-VII for narrow neck thickness (-0 .515). Plotting PC-I aganist PC-II differenciated CITH-O-13, CITH-O-4, CITH-O-22, CITH-O-19, CITH-O-9, CITH-O-6 and CITH-O2 as most divergent genotype.On the basis of single linkage cluster means cluster-I was most importent for average bulb weight, minimum bolters, high marketble bulb percentage high marketable and total bulb yield whereas cluster -II was important for maximum nuber of leaves/plant and minimum neck thicknes. Highest inter-cluster distance was observed between cluter II and Cluster-I(873.5% ).Most divergent genotypes with high inter cluter distance could be the most appropriate parents for crop impovement in onion.
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Chavda, KA, AS Jethva, MH Sapovadiya, and JH Vachhani. "Genetic Variability, Heritability and Genetic Advance in Onion (Allium cepa L.)." Pharmaceutical and Chemical Journal 8, no. 2 (2021): 18–22. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13960846.
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An experiment was conducted to evaluate 75 diverge genotypes of onion during <em>rabi </em>season for genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance. Analysis of variance revealed that mean squares due to genotypes were significant for all the 12 characters. The values of phenotypic coefficients of variation (PCV) were slightly higher than that of genotypic coefficients of variation GCV) for most of the traits studied indicating less effect of environment on the expression of characters studied. GCV and PCV for bolting and double onion bulb were high. This indicated the presence of wide genetic variation for these characters. High heritability (broad sense) estimates were found for bolting, double onion bulb per plot, neck thickness of bulb, pseudo stem length and TSS of bulb. Genetic advance expressed as per cent of mean was high for bolting and double onion bulb, whereas the values with moderate magnitudes were observed for number of leaves per plant, bulb weight, neck thickness of bulb, pseudo stem length, bulb equatorial diameter and bulb yield per plot.
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He, Rong Kai, and Hu Meng. "Research on Measuring Method of the Thickness of Quartz Bulb Shell Based on Hall Effect." Advanced Materials Research 503-504 (April 2012): 1369–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.503-504.1369.
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The hall sensor based on Hall Effect is in direct proportional to hall voltage produced under different magnetic field intensity, and the measuring probe designed according to principle of Hall Effect is used to measure the thickness of metal halide lamp arc tube quartz bulb shell. It is required to place magnetic steel ball in the bulb, the distance between the magnetic steel ball and probe is the thickness of bulb shell, which is in direct proportional to hall voltage produced by hall sensor in the magnetic field of magnetic steel ball. It is required to make use of single-chip machine, A/D converter, amplifier and others to constitute as a hardware circuit to conduct collection, data processing and value conversion for hall voltage and use LCD to show the thickness value of bulb shell.
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B. Devojee, B., A. Carolin Rathinakumari, A. K. Dave, and Senthil Kumaran. "Studies on engineering properties of multiplier onion." Agricultural Engineering Today 45, no. 01 (2021): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.52151/aet2021451.1529.
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The knowledge of physical and mechanical properties of onion bulb is important for successful design of any planter. Multiplier onion is propagated through bulbs and bulbs are planted manually. Manual planting of onion bulb is highly labour intensive (80-100 man-days ha-1) due to the close plant geometry (plant to plant and row to row spacing is 10 × 15 cm) among the vegetable crops. Engineering properties of multiplier onion were determined in order to design and develop a tractor operated raised bed onion bulb planter. In multiplier onion each onion comprises of 4-5 bulbs. These bulbs were cleaned, separated into single bulbs and divided in to 9 categories manually based on their individual weight viz., <2g, 2-3 g, 3-4 g, 4-5 g, 5-6 g, 6-7 g, 7-8 g, 8-9 g, >9 g. The onion bulb had a moisture content of 80.62±0.87 %. It was observed that the properties varied for different sizes of onion grades and the grades had highly significant effect on most of the properties. The linear dimensions of onion bulbs viz., length, width, thickness for nine grades ranged from 21.21±2.60 to 32.31±3.30 mm, 13.54±1.77 to 30.95±2.91 mm and 10.91±1.40 to 22.63±2.15 mm. The geometric mean diameter, sphericity, shape index and projected area all ranged from 28.22±2.04 to 14.54±0.96 mm, 0.87±0.06 to 0.69±0.08, 1.78±0.32 to 1.22±0.14 and 5.50±0.51 to 1.55±0.30 cm2, respectively. The one hundred onion bulb weight, bulk density, true density were in the range of 1185±19.59 to 121.6±6.30 g, 793.20± 9.45 to 480.19±13.13 kg.m-3, 1086± 205.22 to 1013.6±348.85 kg.m-3, respectively. The angle of repose decreased with increase in size of onion bulbs. The interaction between sphericity, shape index and angle of repose indicated that as the size of the onion size increase angle of repose decreased.
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Ayoub, Ishfaq, and N. H. Masoodi. "Integrated Nutrient Managemen For Improving Plant Growth, Flowering And Bulb Production In Hyacinthcv. Yellow Stone." Agriculture Association of Textile Chemical and Critical Reviews Journal 11, no. 4 (2023): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.58321/aatccreview.2023.11.04.32.
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The present investigation entitled “Integrated Nutrient Management for improving plant growth, flowering and bulb production in Hyacinth (Hyacinthus orientalis) cv. Yellow Stone” was carried out at the Floriculture experimental field SKUAST-K during the year 2018-19. Biofertilizers were applied to the bulbs at planting time using the dip method followed by shade drying before planting. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design with 15 treatments replicated three times. The results of the study revealed that the treatment T15 significantly improved vegetative, floral, and bulb characteristics. Treatment combination containing 80% RFD + Vermicompost (12 tons ha-1) + Biofertilizers (PSB + KSB +Azotobacter) resulted in a minimum number of days taken to bulb sprouting (75.83days), first leaf appearance (81.50days), second leaf appearance (83.50days), third leaf appearance (85.33days), bud appearance (88.33 days) , color break (99.58days), complete flower formation(109.83days), maximum plant height (18.40cm), leaf length (13.87cm), leaf width (2.45cm), length of a spike (18.06cm), Spike thickness (7.90mm), number of leaves per plant (23.83), number of florets per spike (20.33), the diameter of inflorescence (7.06cm), length of inflorescence (7.10cm), duration of flowering (18.33days), bulb weight (40.22g), bulb size(11.52cm), number of offsets per bulb (3.83), weight of offsets per bulb (20.17g).
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Jadhav, P. D., S. V. Gupta, B. N. Patil, P. H. Bakane, S. M. Ghawade, and S. D. Jadhao. "Study on the Engineering Properties of Whole Garlic Bulbs and Garlic Cloves for Effective Design of Processing Machinery." International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management 15, Oct, 10 (2024): 01–07. http://dx.doi.org/10.23910/1.2024.5698.
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The present experiment was conducted from February, 2024 to March, 2024 at the Department of Agricultural Process Engineering, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, Maharashtra, India to investigate the various engineering properties of garlic bulbs and garlic cloves. The engineering properties viz., physical, gravimetric and frictional properties, were studied for whole garlic bulbs and garlic cloves by considering their importance in developing different agricultural and post-harvest processing machinery. The weight 11.41 g, length (polar diameter) 33.69 mm, width (equatorial diameter) 29.51 mm, thickness 27.58 mm, arithmetic mean diameter 30.26 mm, geometric mean diameter 30.10 mm, shape index 0.88, sphericity 0.90, surface area 63.05 cm2, cross-sectional area 53.75 cm2, bulk density 449.50 kg m-3, true density 930.45 kg m-3, porosity 51.69%, moisture content 56.70% and angle of repose of garlic bulb 50.54° were obtained. Similar properties were determined for garlic cloves. The L, a and b values for garlic bulb and garlic cloves were 82.95, 0.23, 10.66 and 74.42, 0.28, 12.48, respectively. The water activity of garlic was found to be 0.98±0.02. The coefficient of friction of the garlic bulb and garlic cloves was measured for the selected testing surfaces such as mild steel (MS), stainless steel (SS), wood, glass and fiberglass which was considered in hopper design. The compression force required to loosen the cloves from the garlic bulb was calculated as 61 N. By integrating these engineering properties into the design process, manufacturers can develop equipments or machineries that are more efficient, durable and capable of producing high-quality garlic products.
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Lakshmi, R. Rajya. "Studies on Genetic Variability, Correlation and Path Analysis of Yield and Yield Components in Onion." Journal of Horticultural Sciences 10, no. 2 (2015): 237–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.24154/jhs.v10i2.137.
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Evaluation of 11 varieties of onion, viz., N-2-4-1, B-780, AFLR, AFDR, AW, C-355, Pusa Red, L-28, Arka Kalyan, Phule Samarth and Local revealed that PCV was greater than GCV for all the traits. High values for heritability, coupled with moderate-to-high GCV and genetic gain, were noticed for neck thickness, weight and diameter of the bulb and bulb yield, which can be improved by simple selection. Moderate-to-high estimates for heritability accompanied by low GCV/genetic gain were observed for plant height and number of leaves, which warrant heterosis breeding for amelioration. Genotypic correlation coefficients were higher than the corresponding phenotypic ones for most of the characters, reflecting a predominant role of the heritable factors. Yield showed positive association with plant height, neck thickness, weight, length, equatorial diameter of the bulb, both at the phenotypic and genotypic levels. Path coefficient analysis revealed a positive direct effect with regard to plant height, neck thickness, weight, length and diameter of the bulb. Hence, these are the main characters contributing to yield potential of the onion plant. Therefore, it is suggested to lay emphasis on these traits while imposing selection for bulb yield in the onion crop.
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CHANDEL, RAHUL, SHRAWAN SINGH, AMRENDER KUMAR, YASHPAL TAAK, and ANIL KHAR. "Genetic diversity of morphological, biochemical and mineral traits in Indian onion (Allium cepa) genotypes." Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 94, no. 6 (2024): 632–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v94i6.140320.
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The present study was carried out during 2021 and 2022 at ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi to evaluate the diversity among 83 onion (Allium cepa L.) genotypes utilizing morphological, biochemical, and mineral profiling. Substantial genetic variances were observed across all the investigated traits. Traits such as bulb phenol content, bulb pyruvic acid content, neck thickness, average bulb weight, iron, zinc, and sulphur recorded high genotypic coefficient of variance (GCV) and phenotypic coefficient of variance (PCV) values, whereas plant height, total soluble solids, marketable yield, dry matter, and calcium had moderate GCV as well as PCV values. High heritability was observed for all traits except for iron content, which ranged from 98.32% (bulb phenol content) to 37.93% (Iron). Principle Component Analysis (PCA) extracted 5 principal components (PC1–PC5), accounting for a cumulative variance of 59.88%. The primary contributors to PC1 were average bulb weight, marketable yield, and equatorial diameter, while PC2 was primarily influenced by iron content, bulb pyruvic acid content, and neck thickness. On the basis of Euclidean distance and Ward’s D2 analysis, all the genotypes were grouped into three clusters. Cluster 1 showed the highest values for dry matter, iron and zinc content. Cluster 2 consisted of genotypes with higher values for plant height, polar diameter, average bulb weight, calcium, potassium, and sulphur content, whereas it showed lower values for neck thickness. Cluster 3 exhibited higher values for equatorial diameter, total soluble solids and marketable yield. Greater genetic diversity offers breeders enhanced opportunities to identify promising genotypes for selection or utilization as parents in hybrid breeding programmes.
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Fufa, Nimona, Dasta Tsagaye, and Demis Fikre. "Character Association and Path Analysis of Garlic (Allium sativum L.) for Yield and Its Attributes." EAS Journal of Biotechnology and Genetics 7, no. 01 (2025): 1–12. https://doi.org/10.36349/easjbg.2025.v07i01.001.
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This research sought to determine the associations between bulb yield and other traits and to measure their effects of yield attributes on bulb yield of garlic genotypes. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications using twenty garlic genotypes with one standard check variety (HL) at Kulumsa Agricultural Research center, during 2020-2021. Yield and agronomic traits were determined. The data from two years were analyzed separately because the homogeneity of error variances of both seasons were not similar. In both seasons the association analyses indicated that the bulb yield was positively and significantly associated with plant vigor (0.9762), plant height (0.9057), neck thickness (0.5918), leaf width (0.7527), number of clove per bulb (0.766), cloves weight (0.9621), bulb polar diameter (0.9247), pseudo stem length (0.7885), clove height (0.9161), clove diameter (0.6412). Days to maturity and leaf length were negatively correlated with bulb yield at genotypic and phenotypic level. Consequences of path analyses indicated that bulb polar diameter (1.2478), clove height (1.0911), clove weight (0.9621), plant height (0.9057) and plant vigor (0.9762) had the highest positive direct effect on bulb yield at genotype level in first season and number of clove per bulb (0.9971), leaf width (0.9126), neck thickness (0.9912) in the 20221 season. On the other hand, most of the indirect effects of yield components on bulb yield were significant and positive. Because of the significant direct effects and positive correlations of those traits on bulb yield at phenotypic and genotypic levels, may be observed as important traits for garlic genotypes selection programs.
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Khaririyatun, Nur, Yusuf, Tulus Fernando Silitonga, Helmi Kurniawan, and Hadis Jayanti. "Farmers’ Preferences on the Quality of Local Garlic Varieties from Bali Indonesia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1364, no. 1 (2024): 012045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1364/1/012045.
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Abstract The objective of this research was to identify local varieties of garlic that are preferred by customers. The research was conducted in Tabanan Bali from July to October 2021. The methodology was used a combination of demonstration plots and Participatory Research. In the demonstration plot, local varieties of garlic were planted, consisting of 4 varieties of local garlics from Indonesia, namely Kesuna Kayu, Sangga Sembalun, Lumbu Putih, and Lumbu Kuning. The demonstration plot was created for an observation plot for garlics customers, including farmers, traders, and housewives. They participated in implementing Participatory Research to determine their preferences for local garlic varieties of garlic in the demonstration plot. Respondents who participated in this preference test included 28 farmers, 4 traders, and 12 housewives. Each respondent assesses the preference for the predetermined attributes. Farmers assessed garlic attributes in terms of the number of cloves per bulb, bulbs size, bulbs shape, bulbs colour, bulbs diameter, cloves size, cloves shape, bulbs colour, aroma, skin thickness outside bulbs, harvest time and production/yield. Traders assess garlic attributes in terms of the number of cloves per bulb, bulbs size, bulbs shape, bulbs colour, bulbs diameter, clove size, clove shape, clove colour, clove diameter, aroma, skin thickness outside bulbs, easy to peel and easy to grind (to make pasta). Housewives’ consumers assessed garlic attributes in terms of the number of cloves per bulb, bulbs size, bulbs shape, bulbs colour, bulbs diameter, clove size, clove shape, clove colour, aroma, easy to peel, and easy to grind (to make pasta). Rating based on the Likert scale, namely: like very much (score 5), like (score 4), normal (score 3), do not like (score 2), and really do not like (score 1). Based on the results of data analysis, the results obtained are: Kesuna Kayu, as a local Balinese variety, is the first ranked (4.19), followed by Sangga Sembalun (3.81), Lumbu Kuning (3.38), and Lumbu Putih (3.17), respectively.
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Cramer*, Christopher S. "Trait Heritability Estimates of an Open-pollinated Onion Population." HortScience 39, no. 4 (2004): 812A—812. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.39.4.812a.
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Heritability estimates of bolting percentage (BP), pink root (PR) and Fusarium basal rot (FBR) incidences, and percentage of single centered (PSC) bulbs were calculated for an intermediate-day, open-pollinated onion population using selection response and half-sib (HS) family analyses. BP was determined by counting the number of seedstalks per plot when the population was seeded at an earlier planting date to induce bolting. PR and FBR incidences were determined by rating 30 bulbs/plot for the severity of PR and FBR, and calculated an incidence rate from the number of infected bulbs out of 30 rated. The PSC bulbs was determined by cutting transversely 30 bulbs at the vertical center of the bulb and looking for the presence of a single growing point or multiple growing points within 1.3 cm from the center of the bulb. Families were also evaluated for bulb quality that consisted of shape, size, maturity, firmness, number of scale layers, and dry outer scale thickness, adherence, retention, and color. Families were selected based upon an index that equally weighted BP, PR and FBR incidences, PSC bulbs, and bulb quality. No progress was made for BP even though the narrow sense heritability (h2) estimate was 0.51. PR and FBR incidence was reduced by 18% and 12%, respectively, and realized heritability (RH) estimates of 0.65 and 0.60, respectively, were calculated. h2 estimates calculated through HS family analysis was 0.46 and 0.37, respectively, for these two traits. Very little progress was made for the PSC bulbs and this was reflected in a RH estimate of 0.17. However, the h2 estimate was 0.71, suggesting that progress should be possible.
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Singh, RK, BK Dubey, and RP Gupta. "Intra and Inter Cluster Studies for Quantitative Traits in Garlic (Allium sativum L)." SAARC Journal of Agriculture 11, no. 2 (2014): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sja.v11i2.18402.
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Garlic is propagated vegetatively, the clonal selection is the important breeding method and very scanty work has been done on the association between different traits in garlic. Analysis of variance revealed significant divergence in fifteen garlic clone with checks i. e. Yamuna Safed (G-1), Agrifound White (G-41), Yamuna Safed-2 (G-50) and Yamuna Safed-3 (G-282) for different traits, indicating sufficient genetic diversity among the cultivars. Genotypes belonging to the cluster with maximum inter cluster distance were genetically more divergent. Therefore, it is suggested that based upon large cluster distances to select genotypes from all the clusters, which may lead to broad spectrum of favorable genetic variability for bulb yield improvement. Cluster-III had highest value of plant height (93.05 cm), bulb diameter (4.71 cm), bulb size index (16.08 cm2), 20 bulb weight (700 g), clove diameter (1.75 cm), clove size index (4.43 cm2), weight of 50 cloves (97.50 g) and gross yield (159.63 t ha-1) and minimum neck thickness (1.45 cm) number of cloves per bulbs (17) days for bulb initiation (61.66 days) and days to harvesting (149.83). The traits total soluble solids contributed maximum (20.46%) toward genetic divergence followed by gross yield (16.37%), bolters (12.86%), marketable yield (11.11%), number of cloves per bulbs (10.52%), weight of 50 cloves (10.52%), days for bulb initiation (10.52%) and days for harvesting (4.09%). These traits were considered to be most important for genetic divergence, they contributed (96.45%) towards genetic divergence and selection of genotypes based on these traits will contribute to wider genetic diversity in the existing gene pool of garlic genotypes. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sja.v11i2.18402 SAARC J. Agri., 11(2): 61-67 (2013)
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Balekoğlu, Ertuğrul, Ali Salman, and Meltem Yağmur Wallace. "Determination of Floristic Characteristics and Bulb Yield of Alternative Fragrant Narcissus Varieties under Bayındır Ecological Conditions." Bahçe 54, Özel Sayı 1 (2025): 31–37. https://doi.org/10.53471/bahce.1540645.
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This research was conducted in the trial fields of Ege University Bayındır Vocational Training School from 2021 to 2023. The study investigated the adaptation of 13 different fragrant daffodil cultivars to the Bayındır region. Fifty bulbs were planted in each plot using a randomized plot experimental design. Phenological developmental stages, floristic characteristics, and bulb yield parameters were evaluated. The findings revealed significant variations among the cultivars. ‘Grand Soleil d’Or’ was the earliest emerging and flowering variety in both growing seasons. This cultivar also had the longest flowering period, while ‘Minnow’ and ‘White Cheerfulness’ exhibited the shortest. ‘Babymoon’ and ‘Cornish Dawn’ produced the highest number of flowers, while ‘Tripartite’ showed the lowest. In floral characterization, ‘Avalanche’ had the highest number of florets per stem, and ‘Rosemoor Gold’ had the largest flower diameter. ‘Geranium’, ‘Grand Soleil d’Or’, and ‘Cornish Dawn’ excelled in flower length and stem thickness. ‘Avalanche’ showed the highest performance in bulb yield, while ‘Tripartite’, ‘White Cheerfulness’, ‘Hillstar’, ‘Quail’, ‘Babymoon’, and ‘Minnow’ had low yields. In bulb number analysis, ‘Tripartite’ produced the highest count, though all bulbs remained small. Based on these results, ‘Cornish Dawn’ and ‘Garden Opera’ are recommended for both cut flower and bulb cultivation in the Bayındır region. The ‘Babymoon’ cultivar has potential for use in landscaping and as a potted ornamental plant due to its high flower count.
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Banik, Rahul, Navnit Kumar, Gangadhar Nanda, et al. "Effects of integrated nutrient management on different horticultural traits in onion." Bangladesh Journal of Botany 54, no. 1 (2025): 153–57. https://doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v54i1.80590.
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A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of integrated nutrient management on growth and yield in onion (Allium cepa L.) under sub-tropical conditions of Himachal Pradesh. Thirteen treatments were arranged including control. Minimum days to marketable maturity, maximum plant height, number of leaves, leaf length, average bulb weight, bulb length, bulb breadth, bulb yield per plot and neck thickness were found in treatment T7. Therefore, consolidation of plant nutrients through growth promoting rhizobacteria, organic manure and inorganic fertilizer ameliorate the plant growth and development, inflate soil nutrient status and nurture sustaining crop fecundity. Bangladesh J. Bot. 54(1): 153-157, 2025 (March)
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Amir, Arshad, Amit Baran Sharangi, Solanki Bal, et al. "Genetic Variability and Diversity in Red Onion (Allium cepa L.) Genotypes: Elucidating Morpho-Horticultural and Quality Perspectives." Horticulturae 9, no. 9 (2023): 1005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9091005.
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Onion (Allium cepa L.) is a prominent spice and vegetable crop farmed commercially worldwide. Variability is viewed as a key signal for any red onion enhancement effort. The current study was, therefore, carried out to learn about genetic variability and diversity among selected genotypes of 20 red onions at the C Block Farm, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, India, during the winter (rabi) season of 2021–2022, in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The characters, viz., average weight of bulbs (kg), neck thickness (cm), total soluble solids (°Brix), total sugar (%), and reducing sugar (%) demonstrated high heritability (97.38–99.97%) coupled with high genetic gain. Such traits were the least influenced by environmental effects, and additive gene action played a pivotal role in the manifestation of such characters. Traits with high heritability values (51.37–67.94%) demonstrate that the observed variability was under genetic control and provide an enormous range of possibilities for accomplishing selection depending on their phenotypic performances. For traits with moderate heritability, viz., bolting (%) and doubling (%), selection would be less effective but can still be given great importance. Based on correlation analysis, the character’s neck thickness, equatorial diameter, and polar diameter unveiled highly positive genetic correlation with the average weight of bulbs (0.120, 0.112; 0.194, 0.210 and 0.120, 0.112 for phenotypic and genotypic correlation coefficient values, respectively), which indicates that the average weight of a bulb would be increased by an increase in such components. According to path coefficient analysis, the equatorial diameter exhibited the most positive direct effect on the average weight of bulbs (0.968), followed by polar diameter (0.687) and neck thickness (0.159). A wide range of variations for qualitative traits, including foliage colour, leaf width, foliage behaviour, the degree of leaf waxiness, the shape of the bulb, and bulb skin colour were observed. Based on Mahalanobish D2 analysis, the genotypes were divided into four clusters. The highest number of genotypes was found in cluster I (eleven), followed by cluster IV (six genotypes) and cluster II (two genotypes). Cluster III had a single genotype and was monogenic. The study confirmed that a wide genetic variation prevailed in the onion genotypes taken under study, which could thereby be utilized in breeding programmes.
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Kaur, Balvir, Paramjit Kaur Sraw, Amanpreet Kaur, and Kuldeep Singh. "Effect of potash and sulphur on yield and quality parameters under different planting methods in onion." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 9, no. 4 (2017): 2434–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v9i4.1550.
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A field experiment was carried out to examine the effect of potash and sulphur on yield and quality parameters under different planting methods in onion (Allium cepa L.) during Rabi 2014 and 2015. The experiment consists of 8 treatment combinations viz. 2 planting methods (bed and flat), 4 treatments of fertilizer viz. S1-N100 P50 K0 S0 (control), S2 - N100 P50 K50 S0, S3 - N100 P50 K0S40, S4 - N100 P50 K50 S40. The experiment was laid in factorial randomized block design and replicated thrice. Uniform dose of farm Yard manure (50 t ha-1) was applied to all the treatments. Data on plant height (cm), leaves /plant (No.), neck thickness (mm), fresh bulb weight (g), fresh bulb yield (q ha-1), total soluble solids (T.S.S), sprouting (%),rotting (%) and physiological weight loss (%) at 30 and 90 days after of harvest were recorded . It has been observed that planting methods and fertilizer treatments showed significant difference at 5% level of significance for plant height (cm), neck thickness (mm), fresh bulb weight (g), fresh bulb yield (q ha-1),total soluble solids (T.S.S), sprouting(%), rotting(%) and physiological weight loss (%) at 30 days after harvest. However their interaction was significant for Neck thickness (mm), fresh bulb yield (q ha-1) and rotting (%).It was found that application of potash and sulphur with recommended dose of Nitrogen and phosphorus gave better results in relation to yield as well as quality characters. The results revealed that application of potash and sulphur with recommended dose of nitrogen and phosphorus (S4 - N100 P50 K50 S40 ) gave better results in relation to yield (339.6 q ha-1) as well as quality characters like sprouting (2.38 %) and rooting (12.18 %) and physiological weight loss at 30 and 90 days of harvest(10.22 and 20.50 % respectively).
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Singh, Satvir, Seema Thakur, Rajesh Thakur, Ramesh K. Bhardwaj, and R. K. Dogra. "Correlation and Path Coefficient Analysis of Morphological and Yield Contributing Traits in Garlic Genotypes." Journal of Scientific Research and Reports 31, no. 6 (2025): 740–48. https://doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2025/v31i63169.
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Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is the second most frequently cultivated (flavour) crop after onion. Understanding the relationships between various components and their respective contributions has immense value in selection. Yield is a highly complex trait, and is dependent on a number of attributing traits. Therefore, the present investigation was undertaken in order to understand the relationship among the different horticultural and yield traits in garlic. The study was carried out at the Experimental Farm of Horticultural Research and Training Station, and Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Kandaghat. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications and comprised 20 promising lines. The association among various phenological, morphological, yield-contributing, and quality traits was studied using correlation and path coefficient analysis. The results from the correlation analysis indicated that traits such as equatorial diameter, total soluble solids, clove weight, clove breadth, number of leaves per plant, days to maturity, plant height, dry matter, leaf length, neck thickness, and number of cloves per bulb were significantly and positively associated with bulb yield. In addition, path analysis suggested that the equatorial diameter of bulb had the greatest direct impact on bulb weight, the strong positive and direct effect of bulb weight resulted in a positive association with yield. Therefore, the results inferred that emphasis should be given to equatorial diameter, number of leaves per plant, days to maturity, plant height, dry matter, and neck thickness traits in making direct selection for improvement of bulb yield in garlic.
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Kahraman, Ozgur. "Reuse of sewage sludge with regards to sustainability in Taurus snowdrop culture." BioResources 19, no. 3 (2024): 6459–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.19.3.6459-6469.
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This study was aimed to determine the possibility of reusing sewage sludge in the cultivation of Taurus snowdrop (Galanthus elwesii Hook. f.). Taurus snowdrop bulbs with a circumference of 4 cm were used as plant material in the experiment. Bulbs were planted in five different growing media, 100% soil, 25% sewage sludge+75% soil, 50% sewage sludge+50% soil, 75% sewage sludge+25% soil, and 100% sewage sludge. The bulb diameter ranged between 16.8 and 18.5 mm, and bulb weight varied between 2.74 g and 6.33 g. The greatest bulblet weight (2.17 g) and leaf thickness (0.90 mm) obtained was in 75% sewage sludge+25% soil mixture. The number of bulblets ranged from 1.0 to 1.33 piece/bulb. Leaf length was between 7.30 and 9.25 cm, and leaf width was 9.7 to 11.6 mm. The effects of growing media on pedicle length, pedicle diameter, and fruit diameter were not found to be significant. Pedicle lengths were between 4.39 and 6.38 cm, pedicle diameters ranged from 1.59 to 1.80 mm, and fruit diameters were between 4.40 and 7.40 mm. It was concluded based on the present findings that 75% sewage sludge+25% soil mixture could reliably be used as a growing media for Taurus snowdrop culture.
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Widiayani, Nuniek, Elkawakib Syam'un, Tigin Dariati, Hari Iswoyo, Novaty Eny Dungga, and Muhammad Faried. "Karakter Fisik Umbi Beberapa Varietas Bawang Merah (Allium ascaloncium L.)." Agrisintech (Journal of Agribusiness and Agrotechnology) 5, no. 1 (2024): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.31938/agrisintech.v5i1.598.
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This study aimed to analyze the various physical characteristics of the bulbs of several shallot varieties, which are widely developed in Indonesia. The various characteristics of shallot bulbs are essential to know. This research was conducted from May to June 2023 at the Teaching Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South Sulawesi. The study was arranged in a randomized block design (RBD). Seven varieties of onions are the object of research namely Sanren F1 F1, Lokana, Rubaru, Ambassador 3 Agrihorti, Violetta 2 Agrihorti, Kramat 1 1, dan Mentes . Sampling was done randomly on each treatment plot. The number of bulbs sampled was 5 per variety in each replication. The parameters observed included equatorial diameter (cm), polar diameter (cm), bulb thickness (cm), average geometric diameter (cm), average arithmetic diameter (cm), bulb weight (g), and bulb volume (cm3), and shape index, then those parameters are calculated using formulas. The Lokana variety has the largest bulb size compared to other varieties. In general, the seven shallot varieties had equatorial diameters ranging from 2.03 to 3.02 cm, polar diameters ranging from 2.51 to 3.12 cm, bulb thickness ranging from 2.25 to 2.73 cm, bulb weights ranging from 6. 30 – 14.36 g, the volume between 7.60 – 26.27 cm3, geometric diameter between 2.29 – 2.95 cm, arithmetic diameter between 2.29 – 2.96 cm. The Lokana variety has greater physical characteristics than other varieties. Penelitian mengenai karakter fisik umbi bawang merah masih sangat terbatas. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis berbagai karakter fisik dan geometrikal umbi beberapa varietas bawang merah yang banyak dikembangkan di Indonesia. Berbagai karakter dari umbi bawang merah menjadi penting untuk diketahui. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan bulan Mei hingga Juni 2023, di Teaching Farm, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, Sulawesi Selatan, pada ketinggian 9 mdpl. Penelitian disusun dalam rancangan acak kelompok (RAK). Tujuh varietas bawang yang menjadi objek penelitian yaitu Sanren F1 F1, Lokana, Rubaru, Ambassador 3 Agrihorti, Violetta 2 Agrihorti, Kramat 1 1, dan Mentes. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara acak pada setiap petakan perlakuan. Jumlah umbi yang dijadikan sampel sebanyak 5 buah per varietas pada setiap ulangan. Parameter yang diamati meliputi diameter equitorial (cm), diameter polar (cm), tebal umbi (cm), rata-rata diameter geometrik (cm), rata-rata diameter aritmetika (cm), bobot umbi (g), volume umbi (cm3), dan indeks bentuk, lalu parameter tersebut dihitung menggunakan rumus. Varietas Lokana memiliki ukuran umbi yang paling besar, dibandingkan varietas lainnya. Tujuh varietas bawang merah memiliki diameter equitorial berkisar antara 2,03 – 3,02 cm, diameter polar antara 2,51 – 3,12 cm, ketebalan umbi antara 2,25 – 2,73 cm, bobot umbi antara 6,30 – 14,36 g, volume antara 7,60 – 26,27 cm3, diameter geometrik antara 2,29 – 2,95 cm, diameter aritmetik antara 2,29 – 2,96 cm. Varietas Lokana memiliki karakter fisik yang lebih besar dibandingkan varietas lainnya.
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Wang, Tong, Liyu Yang, Runyu Shao, Jiangtao Hu, Chunhua Liu, and Dan Yu. "Clonal performance of Scirpus yagara in multiple levels of substrate heterogeneity and submergence." Journal of Plant Ecology 14, no. 5 (2021): 805–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jpe/rtab033.
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Abstract Aims Environmental heterogeneity affects the performance of clonal aquatic plants. Few researchers integrated two aspects of heterogeneity into the study of clonal plant ecology. The aims of the present study are to (i) test whether different substrate heterogeneity and submergence exert similar effects on plant performance and (ii) explore the foraging behaviour. Methods In this study, Scirpus yagara was subjected to multiple levels of substrate heterogeneity and submergence. Substrate treatments included one homogeneous substrate and three heterogeneous substrates (two-patch, four-patch and eight-patch). Water level treatments included 0, 10 and 30 cm. Traits including ramet number, generation number, leaf number, bulb number, ramet height, culm length, rhizome length, clonal radius, spacer length, spacer thickness, total biomass, biomass of bulbs and biomass per bulb were measured. Important Findings Deeper water levels significantly reduced variables associated with growth such as ramet number, generation number, leaf number and bulb number, while substrate patchiness induced significant variations in traits such as spacer length and spacer thickness. Significant interactive effects of the two factors were found for ramet number, leaf number and spacer length. Scirpus yagara showed colonization towards the lake sediment patch in two-patch and four-patch substrates, and more structures were placed in the lake sediment patch. Especially for the two-patch substrate, all structures occupied the lake sediment patch. Two-sided intrusion was observed in the eight-patch substrate, which induced an even allocation of structures in different patches. The foraging behaviour was correlated with the patch size.
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Buzayan, M. M., Y. T. Ariffin, and N. Yunus. "Closed Hollow Bulb Obturator-One-Step Fabrication: A Clinical Report." Journal of Prosthodontics-Implant Esthetic and Reconstructive Dentistry 22, no. 7 (2014): 591–95. https://doi.org/10.1111/jopr.12036.
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A method is described for the fabrication of a closed hollow bulb obturator prosthesis using a hard thermoforming splint material and heat-cured acrylic resin. The technique allowed the thickness of the thermoformed bulb to be optimized for weight reduction, while the autopolymerized seal area was covered in heat-cured acrylic resin, thus eliminating potential leakage and discoloration. This technique permits the obturator prosthesis to be processed to completion from the wax trial denture without additional laboratory investing, flasking, and processing.
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Lind, Lars. "A comparison of intima media thickness in the common carotid artery, the bulb and plaque area as predictions of incident atherosclerotic events." PLOS ONE 18, no. 11 (2023): e0294722. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0294722.
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Background and aims There is a debate on how to evaluate carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT). We here compared IMT of the common carotid artery (CCA) and bulb with plaque area regarding incident atherosclerotic disease. Methods In the PIVUS study (age 70 at baseline, 53% women, n = 856), IMT-CCA, IMT-bulb and plaque area were measured at ages 70, 75 and 80 years and these three measurements were used in updated Cox proportional hazard analysis. Results Over 15 years follow-up, 135 individuals experienced a first-time atherosclerotic disease (myocardial infarction or ischemic stroke). IMT-CCA was not significantly related to this composite endpoint (p = 0.10). IMT-bulb was significantly related to the endpoint (p = 0.003), but this relationship was attenuated following adjustment for CVD risk factors (p = 0.02). On the contrary, plaque area was consistently related to incident atherosclerotic disease also following adjustment for CVD risk factors (p<0.001). When added on top of traditional risk factors, both IMT-bulb and plaque area, but not IMT-CCA, improved the discrimination compared to the traditional risk factors (+5.2%, p = 0.0026 for IMT-bulb, +3.8%, p = 0.013 for plaque area and 0.0% for IMT-CCA). Conclusion In elderly subjects, both IMT-bulb and plaque area improved the discrimination regarding incident atherosclerotic disease when added to traditional risk factors. This was not seen for IMT-CCA. IMT-CCA was therefore inferior compared to the other two carotid artery ultrasonographic measurements in this sample of elderly subjects.
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Singh, Bijay Kunwar. "A Simplified Technique for Constructing One Piece Hollow Obturator after Partial Maxillectomy." International Journal of Prosthodontics and Restorative Dentistry 1, no. 2 (2011): 118–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10019-1022.
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ABSTRACT Preservation of remaining structures is a primary goal of prosthetic rehabilitation. Continuously applied stresses on the remaining tissues from a large, heavy obturator jeopardize the health of the tissues, compromise the function of the prosthesis and affect patient comfort. Various techniques have been described for hollowing the bulb of an obturator after processing to reduce its weight; however, access to the inner aspects of the bulb is limited, preventing adequate control of thickness of the walls. This article presents a case report of a partially edentulous patient after partial hemimaxillectomy successfully rehabilitated with closed hollow bulb obturator prosthesis. The weight of the obturator has always been a hurdle in the rehabilitation of acquired palatal defects. A simple procedure for the fabrication of one piece hollow bulb obturator has been described in this article.
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Lestari, Nurrisma Ika, and Dwi Umi Siswanti. "Physiological and Anatomical Responses of Red onion (Allium cepa L.) to Drought Stress after Biofertilizer Application." Jurnal Biodjati 9, no. 2 (2024): 359–72. https://doi.org/10.15575/biodjati.v9i2.38613.
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Red onion (Allium cepa) is a plant that requires sufficient water and is susceptible to drought stress. The use of biofertilizer is employed because it contains microorganisms that enhance nutrient availability and assist plant growth under abiotic stress conditions. This study aims to analyze the physiological and anatomical responses of red onion bulbs following the application of biofertilizer under drought stress. The doses of biofertilizer used were 0; 10;15; and 20 L/ha with field capacity levels of 25; 50; 75 and 100%. The parameters tested were bulb diameter, reducing sugar content number of bulb layers, anatomy of root cortex thickness, anatomy of root metaxylem diam Red onion eter, and fresh weight of red onion roots. The method used in determining the level of reducing sugar is the Nelson-Somogyi method. The method used for preparing the red onion root specimens was the embedding method. The results showed that the largest red onion bulb diameter was obtained from treatment A1B2, without the addition of biofertilizer at 75% field capacity. Meanwhile, the highest reduced sugar content was found at a dose of 15 L/ha with 50% field capacity
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Gvozdanovic-Varga, Jelica, Mirjana Vasic, Janko Cervenski, Anamarija Petrovic, and Djordje Moravcevic. "Phenotypic diversity of basic characteristics of genotypes from the Serbia onion collection." Genetika 45, no. 1 (2013): 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gensr1301101g.
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The onion is a widely distributed vegetable crop, which takes an important place in the vegetable production in Serbia. The traditional planting method is the one from sets. Old cultivars and populations and, in recent years, foreign cultivars are grown. The large variety of genotypes, including both domestic populations and cultivars, comprises the significant gene pool of this region. The onion collection of the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad is based on the populations and cultivars from the territory of the former Yugoslavia. This paper reviews 30 onion genotypes on the basic IPGRI descriptors (ANNEX I). Variability of the reviewed characteristics was determined by PC analysis. High variability values have been established for bulb skin color, bulb flesh color, bulb hearting and bulb skin thickness. The genotypes varied in bulb skin color as well as in bulb flesh color from white to dark violet. These two characteristics had the largest impact on clustering, with a single genotype being heterogeneous exactly for these two characteristics.
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Shrestha, Bidhan, E. Richard Hughes, Raj Kumar Singh, et al. "Fabrication of Closed Hollow Bulb Obturator Using Thermoplastic Resin Material." Case Reports in Dentistry 2015 (2015): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/504561.
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Purpose.Closed hollow bulb obturators are used for the rehabilitation of postmaxillectomy patients. However, the time consuming process, complexity of fabrication, water leakage, and discoloration are notable disadvantages of this technique. This paper describes a clinical report of fabricating closed hollow bulb obturator using a single flask and one time processing method for an acquired maxillary defect. Hard thermoplastic resin sheet has been used for the fabrication of hollow bulb part of the obturator.Method.After fabrication of master cast conventionally, bulb and lid part of the defect were formed separately and joined by autopolymerizing acrylic resin to form one sized smaller hollow body. During packing procedure, the defect area was loaded with heat polymerizing acrylic resin and then previously fabricated smaller hollow body was adapted over it. The whole area was then loaded with heat cure acrylic. Further processes were carried out conventionally.Conclusion.This technique uses single flask which reduces laboratory time and makes the procedure simple. The thickness of hollow bulb can be controlled and light weight closed hollow bulb prosthesis can be fabricated. It also minimizes the disadvantages of closed hollow bulb obturator such as water leakage, bacterial infection, and discoloration.
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Wabalepatil, R. S., D. A. Sonawane, and D. D. Sawale. "Integrated Nutrient Management on Growth and Yield of Kharif Onion (Allium cepa L.)." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 12, no. 7 (2023): 181–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2023.1207.020.
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The field investigation was conducted in kharif- 2021 at Agronomy farm, B – Division, Plot No – 5, College of Agriculture, Pune with ten treatments and three replications in RBD. The application of 75% RDF + 1% foliar spray of 19:19:19 at 30 DAT + Azospirillum + PSB &KSB was the significant treatment regarding plant height (69.98 cm), neck thickness (1.68 cm), number of leaves plant-1 (11.40), dry matter plant-1 (26.26 g), days to maturity (142.33), polar and equatorial diameter (6.70 and 6.93cm), number of scales bulb-1 (11.74), fresh weight bulb-1 (157.57 g), yield (300.21 q ha-1) and quality(57.28 %) A grade bulbs. Furthermore, net gain was (17.47, 15.33 and 26.14 N, P and K kg ha-1), microbial count of Azospirillum, PSB and KSB was (39.17, 33.56 cfu and 33.31 cfu x 107 g-1) and maximum B: C ratio (3.35) was recorded.
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Meena, Ravindra, Asha Nama, and P. K. Kharana. "Effects of Zinc, Manganese, and Sulphur on the Growth, bulb Yield and Quality of Onion (Allium cepa L.) cv. Nasik red." International Journal of Agricultural Invention 6, no. 2 (2021): 282–87. https://doi.org/10.46492/ijai/2021.6.2.19.
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Selection of optimum fertilizers is very important for the production of a crop. Micronutrients play various important roles in plants for their proper growth and development. In the present study, the effects of some micronutrients viz. Zinc (Zn), Sulphur (S) and Manganese (Mn) was observed on growth and yield of Onion (Allium cepa L. cv. Nasik Red). These micronutrients were applied in soil in different combinations alone and with combination of N, P, and K. Bulb weight, diameter of bulb, neck thickness of bulb, and bulb yield were observed in the produced plants and economic importance of treated plants were calculated. The result revealed that presence of all the micronutrients along with N, P, and K in soil enhanced all the above-mentioned factors in the plants when compared to control plants significantly. Treated plants were also found more economic to farmers.
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Nissa, Kamrul, Rajender Sharma, Narender Kumar Bharat, and Anubhav Thakur. "Effect of ZnSo4 Priming on Storability, Seed Quality and Bulb Yield in Onion under Mid-Hill Condition of North Western Himalayas." International Journal of Plant & Soil Science 36, no. 7 (2024): 817–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2024/v36i74795.
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Seed storability and longevity is a major issue in onion seed and bulb. Priming can improve the storability in onion seeds. So a field and laboratory experiment was conducted to study the effect of zinc sulphate priming on seed and bulb quality in onion. There were eleven treatment combinations viz; T1 - 0.50 % ZnSO4 for 6 hrs, T2- 0.50 % ZnSO4 for 12 hrs, T3 - 0.50 % ZnSO4 for 24 hrs, T4 - 0.75 % ZnSO4 for 6 hrs, T5 -0.75 % ZnSO4 for 12 hrs, T6- 0.75 % ZnSO4 for 24 hrs, T7 - 1.0 % ZnSO4 for 6 hrs, T8-1.0 % ZnSO4 for 12 hrs, T9-1.0 % ZnSO4 for 24 hrs, T10 - Hydro- priming for 12 hrs, T11 – Control. Results indicated that treatment T6 was found significantly best in improving seed quality parameters like germination (%), seedling length (cm), dry weight (g), speed of germination, seed vigour index (I&II) and field parameters like plant height 45days after transplanting (cm), plant height at maturity (cm), number of leaves per plant, equilateral and polar diameter of bulb (mm), bulb weight (g), number of marketable bulb per plot and bulb yield/plot (kg) while leaf length (cm), neck thickness (mm) were not significantly affected by the treatment T6.
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RC Aswani, N Hada, YP Singh, DK Jain, SK Tyagi, and GS Gathiye. "Assessment, estimation and economic performance of different Kharif Onion (Allium cepa L.) varieties under Malwa Plateau of Madhya Pradesh." Journal of Agriculture and Ecology 16 (July 27, 2023): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.58628/jae-2316-209.
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A farm testing trial (OFT) was conducted on the 13 farmers’ fields of the Mandsaur district of Madhya Pradesh to assess the most of assessing variety of Kharif onion for two consecutive years i.e. 2018-19 and 2019-20. The present study revealed that onion variety Bhima Dark Red (BDR) performed better for most of the growth parameters, yield and yield attributing traits and economic performance as well as gross and net returns compared to Bhima Super and N-53 varieties. Maximum plant height (63.72 cm), number of leaves per plant (13.17), leaf length (51.85 cm), bulb diameter (5.95 cm), fresh weight of bulb (102.53 g), cured weight of bulb (93.38 g), bulb yield (262.56 q/ha), minimum neck thickness of bulb (1.10 cm) and bolting percentage (0.70%) were observed in Bhima Dark Red. Bhima Dark Red variety recorded an additional net return of Rs. 71,541 and Rs. 198667 over Bhima Super and N-53. Highest B: C ratio was obtained with Bhima Dark Red (6.74) as compared to Bhima Super (5.47) and N-53 (3.42), respectively.
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Kumar, Shiv, S. S. Singh, Veerendra Kumar Patel, et al. "Growth and Yield Attributes of Garlic as Influenced by Application of Organic Manure, Synthetic Fertilizers and Liquid Manure in Bundelkhand Region of India." Asian Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 10, no. 1 (2024): 347–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajsspn/2024/v10i1240.
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A field experiment was conducted during 2022-23 at the Rajola Farm of the faculty of Agricultural Science, Mahatma Gandhi Chitrakoot Gramodaya Vishwavidyalaya Chitrakoot, Satna (M.P.) to study the Effect of Organic, Inorganic and Liquid Manure Sources of Nutrient on Growth Attributes and Yield Attributes of Garlic (Allium sativum L.). The experiment was laid out in Randomized complete Block Design (RCBD) with twelve treatments comprising different source of organic, Inorganic and Liquid manure which were replicated thrice. Among the different manures, application T12 50% FYM + 50% Vermicompost produced highest plant height (90 DAT) (59.15 cm) with comparatively good number of leaves plant-1 (20.33), average length of leaf (40.75 cm), neck thickness of bulb (9.88 mm), polar diameter (5.64 mm), equatorial diameter (5.78 mm), average weight of bulb (30.63 g), number of cloves bulb-1 (38.66), clove length (29.52 mm) and average weight of cloves (0.98 g). Maximum total yield of bulbs (131.15 q ha-1) was observed when T12 50% FYM + 50% Vermicompost Whereas, the minimum Growth Attributes and Yield Attributes of Garlic were recorded with T1 Control (Farmers Practices). The results showed that application of T12 50% FYM + 50% Vermicompost, proved to be a promising practice for yield enhancement of garlic in the Bundelkhand Region.
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Prasad, Bhagauti, Sutanu Maji, and Kamal Ram Meena. "Effect of date of transplanting and mulching on growth, yield and quality of onion (Allium cepa L.) cv. Nasik Red." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 9, no. 1 (2017): 94–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v9i1.1156.
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A field experiment was conducted during rabiseason of 2014-2015 at Department of Applied Plant Sci-ence (Horticulture), Baba saheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow-226025 (U.P.) India to find out the effect of different dates of transplanting and mulching on growth, yield and quality of onion (Allium cepa L.) cv. Nasik Red. There were 16 treatments comprising 4 dates of transplanting (15th November, 1st, 15th and 30th December) and 3 mulching (saw dust, rice husk and wheat straw) while, without mulching as control and laid out under two factor RBD with three replications. The study clearly revealed that there were significant effects of all treatments on vegetative growth, yield and quality attributes of onion. Plant height (65.34 cm), number of leaves per plant (8.89), length of leaves (56.07 cm), neck thickness (18.75 mm), yield (5.166 kg/plot and 387.46 q/ha) were found maximum at 1st December planting with wheat straw mulching (T7). The best quality bulb in respect of maximum neck thickness (12.35 mm), basal diameter (13.61.mm), diameter of bulb (54.41 mm polar and 64.15 mm equatorial), length of bulb (65.17 mm), number of scales per bulb (9.24), bulb moisture (85.06 %) T.S.S. (13.84 oBrix), ascorbic acid (10.47 mg/100g), total sugars (10.39 %) etc. were also obtained when mulching was done with wheat straw and transplant-ed on 1st December (T7) followed by T6 (planted on 1st December and mulching with rice husk). The study clearly concluded that i.) mulching is good for production of onion, ii.) late transplanting on 30th December showed very poor performance irrespective of mulching and iii) transplanting on 1st December and mulching with wheat straw was the best combination for getting good quality yield of onion.
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Huang, Chang Zheng, Jin Li, Zu Chao Yang, and Zhuo Wei Xu. "Modal Analysis on a Runner Chamber for a Large Hydraulic Bulb Tubular Turbine." Applied Mechanics and Materials 678 (October 2014): 561–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.678.561.
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The vibration was severe for a runner chamber of a large hydraulic bulb tubular turbine, which caused some cracks. The PRO/E software was adopted to establish a 3D model of the runner chamber. Based on ANSYS Workbench V14.5, a modal analysis was done. Its natural frequencies and modal shapes were obtained. The influence on modal characteristics with the runner chamber’s structure was discussed. The study shows that the reinforce stiffener’s thickness, the circumferential endlessband and their thicknesses have few effect on the modal characteristics of the runner chamber, the latticed reinforce stiffener has more effect on the modal characteristics. These results will provide the basis for product optimum design, so that its natural frequencies stagger these frequencies of field vibration, the resonance and the crack do not occur in the runner chamber.
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Sweta Rani, Kumari, Sangeeta Shree, Vijay Kumar Singh, and Anand Kumar. "Studies on genetic variability and heritability in bulb onion (Allium cepa L.) in the South-Eastern plains of Bihar, India." Ecology, Environment and Conservation 30, Suppl.Issue (2024): 109–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.53550/eec.2024.v30i02s.021.
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The study was conducted at Vegetable Research Farm, Department of Horticulture, Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bhagalpur during Rabi season 2021-22 with the objective to study genetic variability in onion (Allium cepa L.) for yield and yield attributing traits. The experimental material consisted of 15 onion genotypes from different locations in India. Experimental trial was laid out in a RBD with three replications. Analysis of variance was done by the method suggested by Panse and Sukhatme (1967). The observations were recorded on five randomly selected plants of all genotypes for plant height, number of leaves, leaf length, leaf width, pseudostem length, neck thickness, polar diameter, equatorial diameter, and average bulb weight. Analysis of variance indicated significant differences among the genotypes for all the characters under study which implied a considerable amount of genetic variability in the genotypes included in the study. The highest average weight of onion bulb was recorded in genotype LC-1 (62.13g) which was statistically at par with LC-2 (58.53g), Patna Red (57.80g), Bhima Shakti (57.28 g) and Agrifound Light Red (56.87g). High PCV and GCV were recorded for pseudostem length and neck thickness. Moderate GCV and PCV were found in leaf width, average bulb weight, plant height, leaf length, equatorial diameter and bulb size index. High heritability along with high genetic advance as percentage of mean was exhibited by all the morphological traits. The genotypes LC-1, LC-2, Patna Red and Bhima Shakti were identified as promising ones for the yield and yield contributing traits.
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Kumar, Vinay, Umamaheswarappa, P., Srinivasa, V., Ganapathi M., and O. Kumar. "Effect of growth stimulants on growth and bulb yield of onion." Ecology, Environment and Conservation 30, SUPPL (2024): S403—S406. http://dx.doi.org/10.53550/eec.2024.v30i03s.069.
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Among the alliums, onions are the most widely grown vegetable and most popular due to its use in daily household activities. Onion is primarily originated in Central Asia. Many scientists reported that the application of growth stimulants would be helpful in increasing crop productivity. The experiment was set up in a randomized complete block design comprising thirteen treatments of different concentrations of growth stimulants with three replications. The results showed that foliar application of Triacontanol at 0.4 per cent recorded maximum number of leaves (11.48) and collar thickness (14.85 mm). The same treatment also recorded maximum equatorial (5.79 cm) and polar (5.48 cm) bulb diameter and also highest bulb yield per plot (12.33 kg) and total bulb yield (32.61 t/ha). Triacontanol has resulted in a higher yield compared to the control group, indicating its substantial potential for use in crop production.
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Nayak, Shivani, V. K. Singh, K. C. Shukl, Rudrasen Singh, and V. P. Singh. "Effect of sulphur levels on growth and yield of onion (Allium cepa L.)." Ecology, Environment and Conservation 28 (2022): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.53550/eec.2022.v28i07s.005.
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A field experiment was conducted during the rabi season of 2019-2020 at research farm, J.N.K.V.V., College of Agriculture, Tikamgarh (Madhya Pradesh) to study the “Effect of different levels of sulphur on growth and yield of onion (Allium cepa L.)”. The treatments consisted of four levels of sulphur, viz.( S0 - 0kg S/ha, S1 - 20 kg S/ha, S2 - 40 kg S/ha and S3 - 60 kg S/ha) were laid out in Randomized Block Design with three replications. Result showed significant influence on growth and yield attribute for different sulphur levels. Maximum plant height (62.62 cm), number of leaves per plant (10.25), leaf length (55.45 cm), leaf diameter(0.95 cm), neck thickness (1.88 cm), bulb length (5.73 cm), polar diameter (5.99cm), equatorial diameter (6.11 cm), bulb weight (91.32 g) bulb yield (20.30 kg/plot) and bulb yield (282.00 q/ha) were recorded with application of sulphur 60 kg/ha. Which justify its superiority over rest of the treatment while minimum Growth and Yield parameters were recorded 0kg S/ha.
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Muindi, Esther Mwende, Andrew Wekesa Wamukota, Jackson Muema Mulinge, Nick Okello, Geofrey Wekesa, and Hamza Ahmed. "Onion (Allium cepa L.) Performance as Influenced by Manure and Fertilizer in Titanium Mined Soils." Sustainable Agriculture Research 11, no. 3 (2022): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/sar.v11n3p27.
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Mining is an important economic activity that promotes income generation, job creation, and industrialization globally. In spite its economic importance, it is classified as land degradation form that disrupts natural ecosystem through loss of biota and soil health. Paucity of information regarding the performance of reclaimed mined soils in supporting crop production abound in Kenya. To contribute to this knowledge gap, a study was conducted at Base titanium limited -Kwale to investigate the response of performance of bulb onions (red creole onion variety) to farmyard manure and inorganic fertilizer application on post mined soils. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates Treatments included: inorganic fertilizer, farmyard manure, inorganic fertilizer +farmyard manure and control. Obtained data that included: soil characterization, onion growth and yield parameters was subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) using R packages and means separated using the Fisher&rsquo;s protected least significant difference (LSD) at (P&le;0.05). Results showed that the soils had low TN, exchangeable P, K, S, Bo and Cu levels. Manure+ fertilizer significantly (P&le;0.05) increased plant height by 38%, bulb diameter by 44%, neck thickness by 19.5% total bulb yield by 89% and marketable yield by 88% compared to control. A significant positive relationship between manure, fertilizer, fertilizer+ manure with plant height, number of leaves, bulb diameter, neck thickness and total yield was observed indicating that manure + fertilizer can support optimal onion production in these post mined soils. Further research is however, required to ascertain production approaches that promote sustainable soil development and onion yield.
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Muthia, Rahmi, Helmina Wati, Wahyudin Bin Jamaludin, Kartini Kartini, Finna Setiawan, and Gina Rizki Zanirah. "Anti-Rheumatoid Arthritis Activity of 96% Ethanol Extract of Eleutherine bulbosa Bulbs with Arthritis Induction Adjuvant Method." Borneo Journal of Pharmacy 6, no. 4 (2023): 370–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.33084/bjop.v6i4.4704.
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An autoimmune condition known as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) results in chronic joint inflammation. Side effects that occur during long-term RA treatment are dangerous. Therefore, many people prefer herbal medicines, estimated to have lower side effects; one such herb is bawang dayak (Eleutherine bulbosa Urb.) bulbs. This study aimed to determine the class of compounds and the effective dose of the 96% ethanol extract of E. bulbosa bulbs, which had an anti-RA effect in the Wistar strain with the Adjuvant Induced Arthritis (AIA) model. Eleutherine bulbosa bulb extract was macerated with 96% ethanol. In the tests with extract doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/KgBW and methylprednisolone 15 mg/KgBW, the induction used Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA). Treatment was provided from day eight through 21 of the test's 21-day duration. Phytochemical screening results contain alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, quinones, saponins, steroids, and tannins. The percentage inhibition of edema volume and joint thickness, respectively, extract doses of 100, 200, 400 mg/KgBW, and methylprednisolone 15 mg/KgBW were 27.9585%, 49.3446%, 53.3239%, and 58.4629%; as well as 64.9809%, 73.8022%, 74.1444%, and 74.1825%. After analyzing the results, it was determined that E. bulbosa bulb extracts in 96% ethanol can treat RA at effective 200 and 400 mg/KgBW (p-value <0.05).
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Gallo, Diego, Payam B. Bijari, Umberto Morbiducci, et al. "Segment-specific associations between local haemodynamic and imaging markers of early atherosclerosis at the carotid artery: an in vivo human study." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 15, no. 147 (2018): 20180352. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2018.0352.
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Low and oscillatory wall shear stress (WSS) has long been hypothesized as a risk factor for atherosclerosis; however, evidence has been inferred primarily from model and post-mortem studies, or clinical studies of patients with already-developed plaques. This study aimed to identify associations between local haemodynamic and imaging markers of early atherosclerosis. Comprehensive magnetic resonance imaging allowed quantification of contrast enhancement (CE) (a marker of endothelial dysfunction) and vessel wall thickness at two distinct segments: the internal carotid artery bulb and the common carotid artery (CCA). Strict criteria were applied to a large dataset to exclude inward remodelling, resulting in 41 cases for which personalized computational fluid dynamic simulations were performed. After controlling for cardiovascular risk factors, bulb wall thickening was found to be weakly, but not significantly, associated with oscillatory WSS. CE at the bulb was significantly associated with low WSS ( p < 0.001) and low flow helicity ( p < 0.05). No significant associations were found for the CCA segment. Local haemodynamics at the bulb were significantly correlated with blood flow rates and heart rates, but not carotid bifurcation geometry (flare and curvature). Therefore low, but not oscillatory, WSS is an early independent marker of atherosclerotic changes preceding intimal thickening at the carotid bulb.
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Choi, Hyo-In, Yun Tae Kim, Jeong Gyu Kang, Yuna Kim, Jong-Young Lee, and Ki-Chul Sung. "Segment-Specific Analysis of Carotid Intima-Media Thickness and Its Association with Cardiovascular Risk Factors in a Large Healthy Cohort." Journal of Clinical Medicine 14, no. 6 (2025): 1918. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14061918.
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Background: Carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) is a noninvasive surrogate marker of subclinical atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease risk. This study explored IMT distribution across three carotid artery segments in a large cohort of healthy individuals and identified the key factors associated with increased IMT. Methods: This study utilized data from the Kangbuk Samsung Health Study, a cohort of South Korean adults aged ≥ 18 years who underwent comprehensive annual or biennial health examinations. The analysis included 86,351 healthy individuals, excluding those with known carotid disease. IMT was measured using high-resolution B-mode ultrasonography across the three segments: common carotid artery (CCA), carotid bulb, and internal carotid artery (ICA). An increased IMT was defined as a measurement of ≥1.5 mm in any segment. Multivariable linear regression analyses were conducted to identify independent predictors of increased IMT. Results: The study population had a mean age of 46.7 years and was predominantly male (69.7%). The prevalence of thickened IMT was the highest in the carotid bulb, followed by the ICA and CCA. IMT increased progressively with age and was higher in males across all segments, with the disparity becoming more pronounced after 65 years of age. The carotid bulb displayed the largest absolute IMT values, whereas the ICA exhibited a sharper age-related increment. Increased CCA IMT was strongly linked to hypertension (beta, 0.11; p < 0.001) and diabetes mellitus (beta, 0.12; p < 0.001). Both CCA and ICA IMT showed a weak but significant association with dyslipidemia (beta, 0.03; p < 0.001). Conclusions: The IMT distribution and its determinants vary across carotid segments. CCA is a robust marker of systemic vascular health, whereas the carotid bulb is the most sensitive marker for detecting early atherosclerotic changes. This study provides novel insights into segment-specific IMT patterns and their association with cardiovascular risk factors in a large, healthy Asian population.
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FALODUN, Ehizogie Joyce, and Racheal EGHAREVBA. "Influence of Poultry Manure Rates and Spacing on Growth, Yield, Nutrient Concentration , Uptake and Proximate Composition of Onion (Allium cepa L.)." Notulae Scientia Biologicae 10, no. 1 (2018): 117–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nsb10110230.
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Plant spacing determines to a greater extent crop performance in terms of growth and yield. The production of crop with organic fertilizer also plays a vital role in organic agriculture. Field studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of spacing and poultry manure on the growth, yield and quality of onion. Three spacing regimes were carried out consisting of (15cm x 15 cm , 20 cm x 20 cm and 25 cm x 25 cm) and four levels of poultry manure at ( 0, 5, 10 and 15 t /ha ). The effects of spacing and poultry manure were evaluated for 2 years based on plant growth, yield, nutrient concentration, uptake and proximate composition of onion plant. Leaf thickness, bulb and shoot fresh weights were significantly increased by the wider spacing of 20 cm x 20 cm and 25 cm x 25 cm, compared with the narrower spacing of 15cm x 15 cm in both seasons. However, highest total dry yield (1.82 and 1.58) t /ha, shoot yield (2.31 and 1.32) t /ha and total fresh yield (13.69 and 12.55) t/ha were obtained with the spacing of 20cm x 20 cm in both years. Similarly, application of poultry manure increased leaf thickness, bulb and shoot fresh weights and yields compared with the control. Generally, using 10 t/ha poultry manure has a superior effect on proximate composition and most of growth parameters and yield components achieved the highest nutrient concentrations and uptake on most of the macro and micronutrients in leaves and bulbs as compared with the control in both years.