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Academic literature on the topic 'Bulbe olfactif – Modèles animaux'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Bulbe olfactif – Modèles animaux"
Bastien-Dionne, Pierre-Olivier. "Rôle de l'activité sensorielle dans la spécification du type cellulaire des neurones nouvellement générées dans le bulbe olfactif chez l'adulte." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/20589.
Full textBallain, Thierry. "Modélisation de l'activité du cortex primaire olfactif (piriforme) chez le rat." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000GRE19001.
Full textSanz, Diez Alvaro. "Functional study of mouse olfactory bulb inhibitory circuits." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAJ037/document.
Full textIn the olfactory bulb periglomerular cells form a heterogeneous population with diverse molecular, synaptic, morphological and biophysical properties that have always been considered independently and never explored together. However, such diversity suggests different functional implications. On the first part of this thesis, I aim to associate, for the first time, different markers of periglomerular diversity together to put in perspective the functional implications that differebt subgroups of these cells could exert in odor processing. Periglomerular cells receive inhibitory postsynaptic currents but the circuits mediating this inhibition remain poorly understood. Using a combination of patch-clamp recordings in mouse horizontal olfactory bulb slices and optogenetics I demonstrate that centrifugal GABAergic projections from the basal forebrain strongly mediate inhibition of type 2 periglomerular cells but also granule cells and deep short axon cells
Ben, Attia Mossadok. "Distribution régionale des récepteurs centraux aux benzodiazépines et modulation allostérique du récepteur GabaA-ionophore chlore du télencéphale dans l'épilepsie expérimentale par embrasement du bulbe olfactif." Montpellier 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON13508.
Full textRoyet, Jean-Pierre. "Etudes morphométriques et cartographie fonctionnelle du bulbe olfactif à l'aide de l'analyse quantitative d'image." Lyon 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LYO10144.
Full textAmbard, Maxime. "Influence de l'inhibition synaptique sur le codage de l'information par les cellules mitrales du bulbe olfactif." Phd thesis, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00401813.
Full textDans un premier temps, l'analyse de données expérimentales recueillies en condition in vitro dans des tranches de bulbe olfactif de rats révèle le caractère phasé des potentiels d'action des cellules mitrales relativement aux oscillations du potentiel de champ local. Ce phasage est largement atténué lorsque l'on bloque pharmacologiquement l'inhibition provenant des granules, mettant ainsi en évidence le rôle primordial de l'inhibition synaptique. Afin d'extraire le décours temporel de la conductance synaptique inhibitrice, nous proposons une nouvelle méthode basée sur l'ajustement d'un modèle de neurone associé à l'injection de bloqueurs synaptiques. Grâce à celle-ci, nous observons que les fluctuations de la conductance synaptique inhibitrice sont corrélées à celles mesurées sur le potentiel de champ local. Une relation entre l'inhibition reçue et la phase des potentiels d'action est également dévoilée. Un neurone aura plus de chance d'émettre en phase s'il reçoit un nombre important d'événements synaptiques inhibiteurs et si ces événements sont eux-même phasés.
Dans un deuxième temps, les résultats de cette analyse sont rassemblés au sein d'un modèle informatique de bulbe olfactif afin d'explorer les capacités de codage de l'interaction mitrale-granule. Après avoir montré que le transfert d'information des cellules mitrales semble plus résider dans leurs instants précis d'émission de potentiels d'action au cours des oscillations que dans leurs fréquences de décharges, nous étudions analytiquement l'influence du nombre d'événements synaptiques inhibiteurs reçus et de leur dispersion temporelle sur la précision de l'activité des cellules mitrales. Notre étude conclut que la robustesse du code produit par les cellules mitrales lors des oscillations du réseau est conditionnée par une forte interaction synaptique entre les cellules mitrales et les cellules granulaires. En dernier lieu, nous appliquons notre modèle de bulbe olfactif pour reconnaître des odeurs à l'aide d'une matrice de capteurs de gaz artificiels.
Laroche, Mélissa. "L’activation de caspases dans le bulbe olfactif et l’altération de la neurogenèse observée dans des modèles de rongeurs de la maladie de Huntington." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/11864.
Full textTouj, Sarra. "Sensibilité à la douleur, fonction olfactive et plasticité cérébrale chez un modèle murin de cécité congénitale." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/25292.
Full textEarly blindness induces behavioral changes often accompanied by functional and neuroanatomical changes in the brain. While changes in tactile and hearing modalities have been largely investigated, changes in olfaction and pain in the blind remained less explored. While some studies reported an improvement in olfactory function in early blind humans, others failed to demonstrate such effects. In addition, recent studies evidenced hypersensitivity to acute pain in early blind humans. However, the underlying mechanisms remained unknown. In order to study changes induced by early blindness in olfactory function and as well as the underlying functional and neuroanatomical plasticity, we developed a mouse model of early blindness called ZRDBA. In the unique ZRDBA strain, half of the mice homozygous for the Rax / Rx gene (gene responsible for anophthalmia) are born anophthalmic while the other half heterozygous are born sighted. This ZRDBA mice allow investigation of the behavioral and cerebral changes impacts of early blindness without worrying about strain differences. The first aim of this thesis was to assess olfactory changes induced by blindness in ZRDBA mice and examine whether these changes are accompanied by anatomical plasticity in brain regions involved in olfactory processing. Three behavioral tests were conducted: the buried food test, the odor detection threshold test (sensitivity measure) and the olfactory performance test (three-odor discrimination measure). The results revealed better olfactory performance of blind mice the buried food test as well as in the olfactory performance test but not in the olfactory threshold test. These results indicate an improvement in olfactory discrimination and identification in blind mice. Brain plasticity in olfactory structures was examined by histological and MRI analyses. The results of the histological measurements revealed a larger volume of the olfactory bulbs, the first site for processing olfactory information, in blind mice. MRI analysis revealed a larger volume in the granular and glomerular layers of the olfactory bulbs as well as in other regions involved in olfactory processing, namely, the orbitofrontal cortex and the piriform cortex. These results suggest that plasticity in the olfactory structures may explain the improved olfactory function in blind mice. The second aim of this thesis was to assess pain sensitivity in the blind ZRDBA mice. Four nociceptive tests were carried out: the formalin test (chemical sensitivity), the Von Frey iv test (mechanical sensitivity), the acetone test (cold sensitivity) and the water tail-flick test (hot pain sensitivity). Blind mice showed hypersensitivity to pain in all tests. In order to examine the underlying mechanisms of this pain hypersensitivity, we investigated the functional and anatomical plasticity in the amygdala, a key structure for the modulation and treatment of pain using immunohistological analyses. The results revealed an increase of c-Fos activity induced by the injection of formalin in the central nucleus of the amygdala as well as the whole amygdaloid complex in blind mice. Histological measurement also revealed a larger volume of the amygdala in blind mice. These results suggest the contribution of the amygdala in pain hypersensitivity evidenced in blind mice. Finally, in the third part of this thesis, we wanted to investigate the impact of blindness on anatomical plasticity in the whole brain using MRI and histological analyses. The results of this study revealed atrophy of most of the visual structures, in particular, the lateral geniculate nucleus, the primary visual cortex, the secondary visual cortex as well as the superior colliculi. Moreover, histological analyses revealed an atrophy of layer IV of the primary visual cortex and the secondary visual cortex as well as atrophy of the superficial visual layers of the superior colliculus in blind mice explaining the volumetric reduction observed in these regions. In the non-visual structures, analyses revealed a larger volume in the amygdala, as well as in several olfactory structures such as the olfactory bulbs, the piriform cortex and the orbitofronal cortex in blind mice. These results clarify the impact of early blindness on brain plasticity and opens the door for further investigation of its underlying mechanisms.