Relevant bibliographies by topics / Bulgar

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Bulgar'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Bulgar"

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Şan, Erman. "Ortaçağ İslâm Kaynaklarında Tuna Bulgarları İçin Kullanılmış Olan Etnonimler (Kronolojik Bir Değerlendirme)." Belleten 79, no. 284 (April 1, 2015): 49–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.37879/belleten.2015.49.

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Ortaçağ İslâm kaynaklarında Tuna Bulgar Hanlığı'na dair etraflıca denilebilecek malumat bulunmaktadır. Bununla birlikte bir taraftan kronolojik belirsizlikler diğer taraftan da Müslüman müelliflerin onlar için kullanmış olduğu etnonimlerin çokluğu modern araştırmacıların bu malumattan istifade etmelerine engel teşkil etmiştir. Tüm etnonimler Tuna Bulgar Hanlığı'nın belirli dönemlerine dair haberlerde kullanılmışlardır. Bu etnonimleri kronolojik bir tasnifle vermek gerekirse, ilk etnonim (Burcân,VIII. yüzyıl başlarından IX. yüzyıl ortalarına kadar)'dır. İkinci etnonim (Burgar, IX. yüzyılın ikinci çeyreğinden X. yüzyıl başlarına kadar)'dır. Üçüncü etnonim ve varyantı (Bulgar ve Bulgarî, X. yüzyıl başları ile üçüncü çeyreğinin sonları)'dır. Dördüncü etnonim ve varyantı (Bulgaru'd-dâhil ve Bulgar-ı Enderûnî, X. yüzyılın ikinci ve üçüncü çeyrekleri)'dır. Son etnonim ise (Bulkar, X. yüzyılın başlarından son çeyreğine kadar)'dır.
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Celal; Çev. /Akt. : KEMALOĞLU, NURİ. "Bulgar ve Pomak." Ankara Üniversitesi Dil ve Tarih-Coğrafya Fakültesi Dergisi 53, no. 2 (2013): 421–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1501/dtcfder_0000001360.

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Canan, SEYFELİ. "Osmanlı Devlet Salnamelerinde Bulgar Eksarhlığı ve Bulgar Katolikler (1847-1918)." Ankara Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 52, no. 2 (2011): 157–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1501/ilhfak_0000001084.

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Bugrov, Dmitriy, and Ayrat Sitdikov. "Museum of the Bulgar Civilization." Povolzhskaya Arkheologiya (The Volga River Region Archaeology) 4, no. 6 (December 20, 2013): 253–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.24852/pa2013.4.6.253.261.

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İlber, ORTAYLI. "Osmanlı Bulgar Basını Üzerinde Notlar." Ankara Üniversitesi Dil ve Tarih-Coğrafya Fakültesi Tarih Bölümü Tarih Araştırmaları Dergisi 15, no. 26 (1991): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1501/tarar_0000000048.

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Yıldırım, Bülent. "Balkan Savaşları'nda Bulgar Ordusu ve Ko." History Studies International Journal of History 6, Volume 6 Issue 2 (January 1, 2014): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.9737/historys1107.

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7

BAĞÇECİ, Yahya. "İNGİLTERE PARLAMENTO TUTANAKLARINDA 1876 BULGAR İSYANI." Journal of Academic Social Science Studies 7, Number: 22 (January 1, 2014): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.9761/jasss2265.

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Ziya OĞRAK, Yusuf. "Bulgar izci kopoylarının temel dış özellikleri." Journal of Agricultural Faculty of Gaziosmanpasa University 31, no. 2014-1 (January 1, 2014): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.13002/jafag683.

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Hüseyin, MEVSİM. "Bulgar Dısisleri Bakanı Petir Mladenov’un anıları." Ankara Üniversitesi Dil ve Tarih-Coğrafya Fakültesi Dergisi 52, no. 1 (2012): 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1501/dtcfder_0000001299.

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Belenov, Nikolay Valeryevich. "Najib Hamadani and Ahmed at-Tusi’s Bulgarian oikonyms and their location in the former Volga Bulgaria." Samara Journal of Science 5, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 91–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv20163206.

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This article attempts to localize the fortresses of the Volga Bulgars (first of all, fortresses Marj and Tehshu) known from medieval authors reportedly Najib Hamadani and Ahmed at-Tusi. In the course of solving this problem the question of these authors data reliability is raised, as well as the common source of this information borrowing. There is a good reason to see this in the source known among the Arab-Persian historical and geographical medieval manuscripts as Rizal by Ahmed ibn Fadlan, the Secretary of Abbasid embassy to the Volga Bulgars Elteber Almush, who visited the Volga in 922. This fact explains the absence of Bulgarian cities known from other sources in the given lists as well as the question of uniqueness of Hamadani and at-Tusis information. On the basis of the sources synthesis, place-and folklore studies, the article proposes some options for localization of some of these forts and etymology options of Bulgarian oikonyms mentioned in the papers by the considered authors. The author proves the importance of place names data at the present stage of Bulgar study research, especially of Volga Bulgaria historical geography as well as further studies are planned.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Bulgar"

1

Sophoulis, Pananos P. "A study of Byzantine-Bulgar relations, 775-816 AD." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.416827.

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Livanios, Dimitrios. "Bulgar-Yugoslav controversy over Macedonia and the British connection, 1939-1949." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.308855.

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Slavova, Petya. "Les métamorphoses de la profession d'architecte en Bulgarie: réglementation, exercice et oroganisations professionnelles." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210761.

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Amossé-Reveret, Julia. "Espace liturgique en Bulgarie de l’Antiquité Tardive à la fin du Ier Royaume bulgare." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne‎ (2017-2020), 2020. http://theses.bu.uca.fr/nondiff/2020CLFAL001_AMOSSE-REVERET_1.pdf.

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Ce doctorat a pour objectif, en étudiant le christianisme, l’art architectural et décoratif, de comprendre et d’analyser les interactions et les relations qui peuvent exister entre la liturgie, les pouvoirs étatiques et religieux, les fidèles et l’art sur le territoire de la Bulgarie actuelle. La Bulgarie, aux frontières fluctuantes durant toute la période médiévale est d’un grand intérêt par sa situation géographique de carrefour où depuis l’époque thrace se croisent et fusionnent différentes ethnies et civilisations. D’autre part, elle présente également une région intéressante pas sa proximité avec la capitale impériale, Constantinople, ou encore avec le grand centre chrétien qu’est Thessalonique. Il est donc nécessaire d’analyser dans ce sujet le poids et le rôle de cette puissance sur le développement et l’évolution de l’art chrétien produit sur ces terres balkaniques l’Antiquité Tardive jusqu’au règne de Boris Michel Ier. L’objectif est de s’interroger plus profondément sur la production artistique adoptée face à cet héritage multi-ethnique et multi-culturel, et la présence d’un pôle artistique, politique, économique et religieux à fort rayonnement. Par ailleurs, l’adoption de la religion chrétienne en tant que religion d’État en 864 conduit à nous interroger sur la naissance d’un État, avec en parallèle, cette mise en place officielle de la religion chrétienne. Cependant, cette étude repose surtout sur l'observation de l’art architectural avec l’analyse de la conception des édifices cultuels, c’est-à-dire les plans, les organisations spatiales et leurs évolutions mais également sur l’art décoratif monumental et plastique. Nous souhaitons ainsi comprendre dans quelle mesure l’espace liturgique en Bulgarie actuelle est un lieu de fusion entre un art officiel définit par les pouvoirs politiques et religieux et un art des fidèles pourvus d’un héritage technique, culturel et artistique issu des différentes cultures présentes sur ces terres, en mesurant cependant ses limites et l’impact de sa conception face à sa proximité d’un centre culturel et religieux rayonnant et influent, qu’est Constantinople ? L’étude s’appuie notamment sur un corpus critique et une base de données comprenant en grande majorité des édifices chrétiens mis au jour en Bulgarie actuelle de manière à apporter une meilleure compréhension des rapports établis entre l’architecture et l’objet, mais aussi sur la circulation et l'organisation des édifices et les rôles assignés à certains espaces. Les sources archéologiques comme les sources écrites sont naturellement les outils fondamentaux à cette étude et à la compréhension des mentalités, des mœurs, de la liturgie et des contextes politiques, économiques et religieux de ces régions. Nous espérons ainsi apporter de nouvelles pistes de travail dans le domaine de la recherche sur l’art byzantin et les productions artistiques des territoires souvent perçus comme des « hinterlands » de Constantinople. Nous souhaitons également apporter de nouveaux éléments à la compréhension des mentalités durant la période protobyzantine, de la perception de l’art par les fidèles et de leurs relations entretenues non seulement avec la religion chrétienne mais surtout avec la maison Dieu
This PhD analysing Christianism, liturgical space and decoration in protobyzantine territory of the actual Bulgaria purpose to define Christian protobyzantine art in Bulgaria. Bulgaria, which borders always kept moving during the medieval period, is a country of great interest as far as its geographic position as a crossroads is concerned. Indeed, since the Thrace era, many different ethnic groups and civilizations met and mingled with each other: Bulgaria is a convergence spot between the cultures of West and East Roman Empires on one hand, ethnic groups from the North and from the Mediterranean and Central Asian areas, located between both the Aral and the Caspian Seas, on the other.Moreover, this is such an interesting area as it is close to the imperial capital, Constantinople, and also a important christian center Salonica. Therefore, it seems useful to analyse the Byzantine power's influence over the development and progress of Christian art in these Balkan lands since the Late Antiquity to under Boris-Michel the First's reign. The point of this analysis is to initiate some serious thinking over the issue of artistic production drawn according to the multi-cultural and multi-ethnical heritage. But also to think about the great influence of an artistic, political, economical and religious spot. In the end, the analysis of the art expression cannot be clearly understood without a focus on the relationships between Christian art and the faithful people or clergy member.However, this study is mainly based on the observation of architectural art with the analysis of the design of cultural buildings, i.e. plans, spatial organizations and their evolution, but also on monumental and plastic decorative art. In this way, we wish to understand to what extent the liturgical space in Bulgaria today is a place of fusion between an official art defined by political and religious powers and an art of the faithful endowed with a technical, cultural and artistic heritage coming from the different cultures present on these lands, however, by measuring its limits and the impact of its conception in the face of its proximity to a radiant and influential cultural and religious centre, what is Constantinople? The study is based in particular on a critical corpus and a database containing a large majority of Christian buildings discovered in present-day Bulgaria in order to provide a better understanding of the relationships established between architecture and object, but also on the circulation and organisation of buildings and the roles assigned to certain spaces. Archaeological sources as well as written sources are naturally the fundamental tools for this study and for understanding the mentalities, customs, liturgy and political, economic and religious contexts of these regions. In this way, we hope to bring new avenues of work in the field of research on Byzantine art and artistic productions from territories often perceived as Constantinople's "hinterlands". We also wish to bring new elements to the understanding of mentalities during the protobyzantine period, of the perception of art by the faithful and of their relations not only with the Christian religion but especially with the house of God
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Kostova, Pineda Margarita. "L'école littéraire de Tărnovo (XIV-XVe siècles)." Paris, EPHE, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EPHE4011.

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C’est une école littéraire et religieuse apparue dans la Bulgarie du Moyen-âge tardif et dont le rayonnement s’est étendu à tout le monde slave orthodoxe. L’école nait vers 1371 et s’éteint avec la prise de la capitale bulgare par les Turcs, en 1393. Fondée par Euthyme, le dernier patriarche de l’Eglise bulgare du Moyen Age (1375-1393), elle a recueilli l’héritage de plusieurs siècles de tradition littéraire orthodoxe byzantino-slave. Son activité a consisté à collecter les textes en version slavonne existants, à réviser ce corpus à la lumière des modèles grecs et à l’enrichir par de nouvelles versions, ou des œuvres originales, en particulier dans le genre hagiographique (Vies ou éloges funèbres). Euthyme et ses disciples ont promu une réforme de la langue slavonne, comparable à la réforme carolingienne dans le monde occidental, visant à restaurer la pureté de la grammaire, la correction de l’orthographe et à élever le style. L’écriture ample, rythmée, riche en assonances, dite de l’entrelacs de mots, est alors érigée en modèle. Les auteurs font passer dans leurs œuvres l’esprit de l’hésychasme dont ils ont été imprégnés par l’intermédiaire du Mont-Athos où plusieurs des fondateurs de l’école ont séjourné. Les disciples d’Euthyme de Tărnovo (le métropolite Cyprien, Constantin Kostenečki, Démétrios Cantacuzène, Grégoire Camblak, le métropolite Josaphat de Bdin, Théodose de Tărnovo, Vladislav le Grammairien) propagent dans les pays orthodoxes voisins les textes et les techniques reçus de leurs maîtres : ils atteignent ainsi la Serbie, la Moldavie, la Valachie, la Ruthénie (actuels Belarus et Ukraine) et la Moscovie
Tărnovo, Bulgaria, was the center of a late medieval literary school whose influence reached the whole Slavic orthodox world. The “Tărnovo School” was born circa 1371 and dies in 1393, when the city, then the capital of the Bulgarian empire, is taken by the Turks. The school was founded by patriarch Euthymius, the last head of the Bulgarian Church (1375-1393). It inherited a multisecular tradition of byzantino-slavic literary tradition. It collected existing Slavic versions, revised their text by confronting them to the Greek originals and produced new versions and original creations, most of them of the hagiographic genre (Vitae, Encomia). Euthymius and his disciples promoted also a reform of the Slavonic language, in the line of the Carolingian reform in the West. They restored the purity of grammar, orthographic correction, and introduced a higher style. Its writing ample, rich in rhythm and rimes, was called “word-weaving”, and became a model. Besides, the authors of Tărnovo school impregnated their works with the spirit of hesychasm they had received from Mount-Athos, where many of them stayed. Direct or indirect disciples of Euthymius (metropolitan Cyprian, Constantin Kostenečki, Demetrios Cantacuzen, Gregory Camblak, metropolitan Josaphat of Bdin, Theodosius of Tărnovo, Vladislav the Grammarian) spread to neighboring orthodox countries the texts and the techniques they received from their masters. Their heritage reached Serbia, Moldavia, Valachia, Ruthenia (nowadays Belarus and Ukraine), and Muscovy
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Lindstedt, Jouko. "On the semantics of tense and aspect in Bulgarian." Helsinki : University of Helsinki, Dept. of Slavonic Languages, 1985. http://books.google.com/books?id=vphgAAAAMAAJ.

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Angélidou, Aliki. "Transformations sociales et recompositions de l'identité locale en Europe du sud-est : le cas de Vrabevo, un village bulgare post-socialiste." Paris, EHESS, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005EHES0193.

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Cette recherche explore les mutations socio-économiques et politiques ainsi que la construction des identités collectives dans le monde rural bulgare contemporain à trévers l'exemple ethnographique du village de Vrabevo. L'étude met en lumière l'articulation entre deux systèmes de pratiques et de représentations, l'un de type "socialiste" et l'autre de type "capitaliste", qui aboutissent à travers un rapport dialectique complexe à des produits culturels "hybrides", dont le plus important est la nouvelle coopérative villageoise. Afin de comprendre l'ambivalence actuelle des villageois bulgares sont analysés les différents processus (socio-économiques, politiques et identitaires) dans la longue durée et dans leur interaction. La première partie inscrit les transformations dans une perspective historique. La deuxième est consacrée à l'analyse de la situation actuelle. Dans la troisième est abordée la question de la redéfinition de l'identité locale en tant qu'identité "communiste"
Our research explores socio-economic and political changes as well as the construction of collective identities in a bulgarian village in the post-socialist era. This work reats the specific articulation of two defferent systems of practices and representations, a"capitalist" and a "socialist" one, into new complex "hybrid" products, of which the most representative is the new village cooperative farm. Trying to understand the actual ambivalence of bulgarian villagers we analyse in the longue durée the different socio-economic, political and identity processes, in their dynamic as a hole. The first part inscribes social transformations in a historical perspective since the creation of the village at the end 19th century. The second part treats the contemporary situation, while the last part deals with the question of the reconstruction of the local identuty as a "communist" one
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Vasileva, Margarita. "La société bulgare à la découverte de l'espace public : les mutations post-communistes des médias en Bulgarie (1989-1997)." Grenoble 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE39037.

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A travers une analyse du developpement des medias en bulgarie durant les dix dernieres annees, la presente etude vise a eclairer les contradictions et les conflits que connait le pays dans sa periode post-communiste. Le choix de la notion d'espace public, comme objet de recherche, correspond a la volonte d'inscrire un corpus important, constitue de documents de premiere main sur la presse, la radio, le cinema et la television a l'epoque du communisme et du post-communisme, dans une problematique politique qui s'interroge sur l'avenir de la democratie en bulgarie. Ce pays semble offrir un terrain d'etude tout a fait original, car traverse tant par des constantes balkaniques, encore aujourd'hui difficiles a ebranler, que par des influences etrangeres contradictoires. Le present travail s'interroge sur la maniere dont s'operent les processus de diversification et d'autonomisation des roles remplis par les medias, depuis l'assignation d'une vocation quasi-exclusive de tribune ideologique pendant le regime communiste, jusqu'a la + conquete ; actuelle de fonctions nouvelles. Ainsi la presse, la radio et la television acquierent un statut de + forum public ; ou diverses coalitions d'interets ont dorenavant la possibilite d'exprimer des points de vue officiels ou non, voire d'+ arene politique ; ou s'affrontent en face-a-face des preoccupations contradictoires et ou les autorites publiques sont appelees a se justifier de leurs actes devant l'opposition. De meme, les medias deviennent une + caisse de resonance ; ou des acteurs sociaux plus ou moins organises et mobilises peuvent trouver une audience, et eventuellement gagner le soutien de l'opinion publique pour faire aboutir leurs revendications. Les elements constitutifs de l'espace public - la sphere politique, le pole civil et la sphere mediatique - sont lies par un rapport dialectique qui determine la mise en place des quatre conditions de la democratie : egalite politique, deliberation, mobilisation, respect du pluralisme. Ainsi, les jeux d'alliance qui se nouent entre les acteurs politiques, sociaux et mediatiques se trouvent a la base d'une dynamique interne de l'espace public qui, dans les societes democratiques, engendre l'equilibre et le developpement de ses composantes
Through an analysis of the development of the bulgarian media for the past ten years, our work tries to explain the conflicts and the contradictions that occur in the country since the beginning of the post-communist era. The choice of the concept of public space as research object, is justified by the will to include a large spectrum of sources - devoted to the press, the radio, the cinema and the television - in the broader political issue of the democratisation in bulgaria. This country is characterized by an interesting background, because he stands at the crossroad of balkanic traditions and contradictory foreign influencies. Our study focuses on the process of diversification and autonomisation that take place in the media sphere, from the devolution of an unilateral function of ideological tribune during the communist regime, to the present "conquest" of a new role. We try to show the internal dynamics through wich the press, the radio and the television are attaining the status of a "public forum" where different coalitions of interests have the possibility to express their point of view, official or not. The media also rae acceding to the function of "political arena" where contradictory concerns are confronted and public authorities must give an account about their policies, and they are becoming a "resonance chamber" where more or less organised and mobilized social actors try to met the acclaim of the public opinion and to gather another supports in order to influence the government
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Foscolo, Mona. "Georges Dimitrov : une biographie critique." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004IEPP0033.

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Cette thèse de doctorat est une biographie critique du Bulgare Georges Dimitrov dont le très long parcours politique reflète l'existence du militant de base, du responsable national et du parlementaire communiste, puis de l'insurgé devenu, en exil et dans la clandestinité, révolutionnaire professionnel au service du Komintern. Ayant acquis une renommée internationale à l'occasion du procès de Leipzig, il incarnera l'antifascisme. Placé à la tête de l'Internationale Communiste, il est le maître d'oeuvre du VIIe Congrès de l'IC qui promeut la tactique des Fronts populaires et de l'autonomie des partis nationaux. Il survivra aux grandes purges staliniennes et sera confronté au retournement du pacte germano-soviétique. A la fin de sa vie, revenu en Bulgarie, cet ancien-apparatchik soviétique assurera la direction de son pays et du Parti communiste bulgare. C'est à ce moment-là que des frictions apparaissent entre ce promoteur de la Démocratie populaire et Staline, notamment à propos du projet de Fédération balkanique et de la vision d'un communisme national. La mort de ce communiste fidèle restera elle-même empreinte de mystère et sa personnalité sujette à controverse. L'étude de ce dirigeant communiste permet de définir les étapes de son action et de dégager sa vision politique. Cet exemple particulier offre également la possibilité de mieux comprendre le fonctionnement du système communiste, de la place de ses acteurs et de la marge de manoeuvre dont ils peuvent disposer. L'image de Georges Dimitrov - qui reflète des zones d'ombres et de lumières - demeure d'actualité.
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Marcheva, Marta. "La diaspora bulgare et le traitement médiatique de la Bulgarie dans les presses écrites française, italienne et nord-américaine, 1992-2007." Paris 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA020012.

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Certes, la Bulgarie, sa diaspora et l’image du pays sont présentes à travers les médias internationaux. Par conséquent, l’immigré bulgare est pris dans un système d’interconnexions et d’interdépendances entre son pays d’origine, le pays d’accueil, les médias de celui-ci, la population autochtone et enfin, la diaspora bulgare elle-même. Les rapports entre ces acteurs du processus migratoire sont complexes, déséquilibrés et changent d’un pays d’installation à l’autre. Au cours de ces interactions la diaspora bulgare subit l’hégémonie de la société dominante qui se traduit par la perte de maîtrise sur sa propre image, désormais construite par la société d’accueil et par ses médias. Ces derniers assurent la fonction de représentation des migrants et de leurs pays d’origine, fonction complémentaire aux positions des gouvernements et des institutions. Rappelons encore qu’aujourd’hui, tous les individus font de plus en plus l’expérience du monde par le biais des médias. Dans ce contexte, la comparaison de la couverture de l’adhésion de la Bulgarie à l’Union européenne dans Le Monde, Corriere della serra, New York Times et Toronto Star met en évidence les différents mécanismes selon lesquels les origines de l’immigré sont évoquées au quotidien et la possible évolution des représentations de la Bulgarie dans les quatre journaux. L’information la concernant n’en soit que si elle figure dans l’agenda médiatique, de même que sa culture se limite à ce qui passe dans l’actualité. C’est à travers les médias, qui ont fait l’écho d’une opinion publique de plus en plus sensible au sujet de l’immigration, que la diaspora bulgare a suivi le processus d’adhésion de son pays à l’Union européenne. Pendant ce temps, la Bulgarie par le biais des NTIC, s’est intégrée à un processus qui se caractérise par l’augmentation en nombre et en densité des interconnexions transnationales des immigrés. La connectivité des jeunes générations dans des réseaux sociaux en ligne les réunit dans une e-Bulgarie, où migrants et non-migrants préparent leur futur.
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Books on the topic "Bulgar"

1

Iovan, Tiberiu. Dicționar bulgar-român. București: Editura Științifică, 1994.

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Bulgar gözüyle Edirne. Kağıthane, İstanbul: Kitap Yayınevi, 2012.

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Ergenç, Leman. Bulgar yayınlarında Türkler. Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu basımevi, 1989.

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Tanzimat ve Bulgar meselesi. Beyoğlu, İstanbul: Eren Yayıncılık ve Kitapçılık, 1992.

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Tarihte Türk-Bulgar ilişkileri. Ankara: Genelkurmay Basım Evi, 2004.

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Iovan, Tiberiu. Mic dicționar bulgar-român. București: Editura Sport-Turism, 1988.

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author, Keranova Snezhana, ed. Rumŭnsko-bŭlgarski i bŭlgarsko-rumŭnski rechnik: Dicţionar român-bulgar şi bulgar-român. Sofii︠a︡: Nauka i izkustvo, 2014.

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Korkud, Refik. Bulgar yönetimi ve tarihi yalan. Yenimahalle, Ankara: Türkiye Fikir Ajansı, 1986.

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Nabiullin, Nailʹ. Dzhuketau--gorod bulgar na Kame. Kazanʹ: Tatarskoe knizhnoe izd-vo, 2011.

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Türk-Bulgar ilişkileri, 1983-1989. Ankara: Avrasya Stratejik Araştırmalar Merkezi, 2000.

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Book chapters on the topic "Bulgar"

1

Hupchick, Dennis P. "Interlude: From Bulgar State to Bulgaria, 816–893." In The Bulgarian-Byzantine Wars for Early Medieval Balkan Hegemony, 123–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56206-3_4.

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Hupchick, Dennis P. "Prelude: Establishment and Survival of the Bulgar State, 679–803." In The Bulgarian-Byzantine Wars for Early Medieval Balkan Hegemony, 47–65. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56206-3_2.

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Joshi, Pankaj M., Devang Desai, and Sanjay B. Kulkarni. "Bulbar Urethral Necrosis." In Textbook of Male Genitourethral Reconstruction, 345–51. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21447-0_28.

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Schreiter, F. "Bulbar artificial sphincter." In Practical Aspects of Urinary Incontinence, 286–96. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4237-0_34.

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Peña, Alberto, and Andrea Bischoff. "Rectourethral Bulbar Fistula." In Surgical Treatment of Colorectal Problems in Children, 129–49. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14989-9_9.

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Rich, R. Michael. "The Stellar Population of the Inner 200 Parsecs." In Galactic Bulges, 169–90. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0922-2_11.

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Milone, A., and B. Barbuy. "TiO Bands in Composite Systems." In Galactic Bulges, 313–14. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0922-2_32.

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Hunter, C., and E. Qian. "Two-integral distribution functions for axisymmetric galaxies." In Galactic Bulges, 357–58. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0922-2_52.

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de Zeeuw, Tim. "Dynamics of the Galactic Bulge." In Galactic Bulges, 191–208. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0922-2_12.

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Arnold, Richard, Tim de Zeeuw, and Chris Hunter. "Kinematic signatures of triaxial stellar systems." In Galactic Bulges, 407–8. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0922-2_74.

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Conference papers on the topic "Bulgar"

1

Araque, Egler, Darren Love, Stephen Park, Daryl Rutt, and Rick Clark. "Measuring the Effectiveness of Metal Weld Overlay Repairs Through Bulge Depth and Bulge Sharpness Analysis." In ASME 2019 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2019-93661.

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Abstract Weld overlay is a repair method that has been used over the last 10 years to limit the growth of bulges and to extend the remaining life of delayed coking drums. Different refinery operators have used varied approaches, ranging from localized patches on specific regions of concern, to bands along circumferential welds, to large sections of structural repair that completely cover a bulged area. The authors have observed the evolution of regions repaired with internal weld overlay on 18 drums over periods of 5 and 8 years. A comparison of bulge sharpness and bulge depth on a year-over-year basis is presented to measure the effectiveness of metal weld overlay and how the overlay impacts continued distortion of the vessel. Furthermore, factors such as the taper ratio in the transition zones, and the distance between the peak of a bulged area and the edges of the weld overlay, are presented as key parameters that affect the likelihood of cracks developing along the transition zones at the upper and lower edges of the repair.
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Grabe, Ju¨rgen, and Jan Du¨hrkop. "Laterally Loaded Piles With Bulge." In ASME 2007 26th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2007-29046.

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This paper contains several investigations on the behaviour of bulged piles. Bulge means the application of vertical steel plates somewhere near ground surface to improve the lateral bearing capacity. The results of small scale tests in sand are illustrated, which demonstrate the effectiveness of such bulge. Some theoretical investigations are presented trying to apply standard methods like the p-y-curve procedure to the design of bulged piles. An outline of possible calculation methods is given. Investigations on two different exemplary pile systems demonstrate the behaviour of the bulged structure and give an idea of the advantages of this innovative system.
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Samman, Mahmod, and Mohammad Samman. "Stress Analysis of Bulges in Cylindrical and Oval Pressure Vessels." In ASME 2014 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2014-28138.

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The stress field in and around bulges in cylindrical and oval pressure vessels is examined using linear elastic finite element models. The effects of bulge size and shape on axial and hoop stresses are examined under internal pressure loading. Stress components at the center of the bulge, in the entire bulge, and in the vessel outside the bulge are analyzed both on the inside and outside surfaces of the vessel wall. In addition, the effects of vessel ovality (out-of-roundness) and the location of a bulge relative to ovality on these stress components are studied. This study provides engineers with a detailed look at bulging-induced stresses and the limitations of stress-based fitness-for-service assessment of bulges in pressure vessels such as refinery coke drums.
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Vivas, Gabriel A., Armando J. Moret, Roberto E. Bello, Luis M. Melian, and Egler D. Araque. "Assessment of the Influence of the Use of Weld Overlay As a Repair Method on the Stress Level of Bulged Sections of Coke Drums." In ASME 2017 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2017-65412.

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Several studies recognized that cracks in delayed coke drums resulted from low cycle fatigue induced by cyclic thermal stress [1], [2], [3]. According to a coke drum survey coordinated by API in 1996 [1], there are two different areas where cracks are produced. The first zone is located at the shell to skirt weld, and the second at the bulged areas found in the cylindrical section. In the second case, from 145 coke drums 57% reported that had shell bulging problems. Of the drums that bulged, 87 % also showed cracks. Recently, it has been reported the use of a novel weld repair procedure on bulged sections of a drum. In this repair, the bulge is overlaid with weld metal on the inside or outside on the bulge depending on the bulge shape. It has been reported that this repair procedure can stop further bulging on the shell, but detailed information about its influence has not yet been published. Finite element analysis of several bulged patterns that were identified from some laser mappings are used to compare the level of the stress after a weld overlay repair is made. The study was carried out running a sequentially-coupled thermo-mechanical analysis. The assessment shows the influence of the thickness and the extent of the weld overlay on the level of stress on bulged coke drums. The results indicated that depending on the initial bulged shape this repair method either reduces or increases the level of the stress. When an inward deformation pattern is observed, an external reinforcement is recommended; however, when an outward deformation pattern is developed in a coke drum, an external weld overlay repair is not recommended.
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Du¨hrkop, Jan, and Ju¨rgen Grabe. "Design of Laterally Loaded Piles With Bulge." In ASME 2009 28th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2009-79087.

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Several investigations on the behaviour of bulged piles have shown the benefit of this construction. Bulge means the application of vertical steel plates somewhere near ground surface to improve the lateral bearing capacity. This paper contains the description of a modified P-y curve method which is capable of calculating piles with bulge. Based on this procedure hundreds of different monopile foundations for offshore wind power plants are analysed and results are used to create design charts. Therefore the Characteristic Load Method (CLM) is expanded to considere the effect of a bulge.
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van Zyl, Gys, and Sultan Al-Harthi. "Fitness for Service Assessment and Repair of the Liner of a High Pressure Heat Exchanger." In ASME 2018 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2018-85001.

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A high pressure carbamate condenser (HPCC) is a shell and tube heat exchanger with low pressure steam/condensate on the shell side and high pressure carbamate solution on the tube side. The inlet channel of the exchanger is protected from the internal corrosive environment by means of an austenitic stainless steel liner. During the first internal inspection after commissioning, a bulge was observed in the liner where a pass partition plate is joined to the liner. Surface-breaking cracks were observed at the partition plate to liner welds in the bulged region. The cracks were removed by shallow grinding, but a fitness-for-service assessment was required to evaluate the suitability of the bulged liner for continued service. Due to the complexity of the geometry, a handheld 3D geometry scanner was used to accurately measure the deformed shape of the bulge. Using the measured geometry, a finite element model was developed and used to perform a level 3 fitness for service assessment. This paper will describe the assessment procedure in detail as well as the complex internal repairs that were ultimately implemented in order to restore the integrity of the equipment.
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Himeno, M., S. Noda, R. Himeno, and K. Fukasaku. "Application of Genetic Algorithm to Prediction of Artery Geometry." In ASME/JSME 2007 5th Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2007-37241.

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We used the genetic algorithm (GA) and two-dimensional blood flow analysis to examine the fluid dynamic and engineering factors in multi-objective optimization of blood tubes (vessels). We supposed two factors from fluid dynamics: the wall shear stress (WSS) and the pressure loss, and one materials saving factor: the artery length. As a result, we could get the optimum shapes for each factor. In the case of WSS and artery length, both smoothly curved artery shapes and shapes with bulges were obtained as lower WSS cases. The shapes with bulges were similar to those of aneurysms. In this case, it was found that the WSS increases after the bulge is removed. This means bulges in artery vessel areas with higher WSSs effectively reduce the WSS value. Only the case of WSS and artery length produced a shape like an aneurysm. These results indicate that WSS and artery length are significant factors in determining artery shape.
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Da Cunha, Alexandre Martins, Gabriel Nascimento, and Gustavo Paiva Guedes. "Uma análise sobre as bulas de medicamentos no Brasil." In XII Brazilian e-Science Workshop. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/bresci.2018.3274.

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A Organização Mundial de Saúde destaca que um certo nível de automedicação pode ser aceitável, desde que ocorra de maneira responsável. Nesse aspecto, a bula do medicamento pode auxiliar no esclarecimento quantoá enfermidade e tratamento do paciente. Entretanto, diversos estudos destacam problemas apresentados nas bulas de medicamentos. O presente estudo tem o objetivo de contribuir analisando o atual cenário das bulas de medicamentos no Brasil. Os resultados indicam que as bulas presentes na internet s ão pouco homogêneas e omitem eventos adversos. A análise efetuada em um par de bulas do site da ANVISA indica a existência de termos muito técnicos e algumas omissões.
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Vivas, Gabriel A., Armando J. Moret, Roberto E. Bello, Luis M. Melian, and Julian J. Bedoya. "Analysis of the Influence of the Cooling Patterns and the Shape of the Bulges on the Levels of Stress in the Cylindrical Section of Delayed Coke Drums." In ASME 2018 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2018-85009.

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Coke drums are thin-walled pressure vessels that experience low cycle fatigue due to thermal loadings. The delayed coking process is comprised by three major stages: heating, coking and cooling, which repeat at intervals between 20 and 48 hours. The cyclic changes of temperature increase the growth of bulges and cracks which with the passing of time, propagate and eventually cause failures due to the loss of containment. A better understanding of the phenomena of the thermal gradients and their influence on the generated stresses would reduce the effects of the damage mechanisms afflicting coke drums, for example; a continuous monitoring system could be implemented in order to control the cooling ramp to obtain a more homogeneous quenching around the cylinder of the coke drum and consequently increase its lifetime. It is been widely accepted that there is a relationship between high cooling rates in isolated zones and high axial stresses. However, this relationship has not been fully validated, since there are also been reported events of low cooling rates and high stresses. This study shows a predictable behavior (trend) that relates the spatial thermal gradients and the axial and circumferential stresses generated. A coke drum in an upgrader facility was instrumented with two arrays or grids, each of them having 24 thermocouples and 2 strain gauges in zones with distinct bulges. One arrangement was located at an inward bulge while the other was located at an outward bulge. Computational models were carried out to reproduce the behavior of the instrumented zones with their actual deformations obtained from laser scanning. Finite element models were developed using a sequentially coupled thermo-mechanical analysis to determine the transient temperature and stress distributions. The effect of the circumferential thermal gradients on the stress levels in the instrumented cylindrical sections were analyzed, considering two cases; the first of them a perfect cylinder (without deformation) and the second one considering the presence of bulges in the area of interest. The results indicate that there is a relationship between the circumferential thermal gradients [°C/m] or [°F/ft] and the axial stress levels, i.e., cold zones generate axial tensile stresses, and hot zones produce compressive axial stresses. This relationship is affected — exacerbated or counteracted — by the presence of the bulges. Additionally, the results obtained in this paper confirm those of previous investigations showing that outward bulges subject to pressure and thermal loading generate high stresses on its internal surface and low stresses on its external face whereas inward bulges produce the opposite effect.
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Zhang, Xinyu, Qingzhen Yang, Yubo He, Xufei Wang, and Saile Zhang. "Aerodynamic and Stealth Characteristics Analysis for a New Type of S-Shaped Inlet With Inner Bulge." In ASME Turbo Expo 2020: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2020-14396.

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Abstract Searching for the optimal solution of the comprehensive performance of the aerodynamic and stealth characteristics of the aircraft inlet has become the trend of the development of the aircraft inlet due to the rapid development of radar detection technology. The aircraft inlet is a vital source of scattering due to its own cavity structure characteristic. Accordingly, reducing the electromagnetic stealth characteristic value of the stealth aircraft inlet can be served as the main way to reduce the RCS value of the whole airplane. Accordingly, a new type of stealth aircraft inlet that incorporates the design of the inner bulge is designed in this paper, which significantly reduces the value of radar-cross section (RCS) of the inlet by transforming the three-dimensional shape of the inlet. The design of this kind of inlet is based on the parametric rapid reconstruction geometry method that produces a geometry profile of the inlet through controlling a limited number of characteristic parameters. At the same time, the profile coordinates of the inner bulge is decided by means of three parameters, including the area of inner bulge, the circumferential distance and the radial offset. This paper calculates the aerodynamic characteristics of the seven S-shaped inlets, including six S-shaped inlets incorporated the inner bulges with different parameters, and an ordinary S-shaped inlet without the inner bulge as a control model. Total pressure recovery and distortion index are used as the indicators for judging the flow characteristics of these inlets to evaluate the effects on the aerodynamic characteristics of the stealth inlet after incorporating the inner bulge, which plays an important role in further evaluating the influence of the working environment of the compressor after the inlet. These S-shaped inlets with inner bulges on them resulting a decrease on total pressure recovery by 0.69% to 1.14%, at the same time, the total pressure distortion index at the exit of inlet is increased by 14.77% to 26.85%. Overall, the aerodynamic performance of the inlet with the design of the inner bulge can’t be seen a large decline. What’s more, this paper also compares the electromagnetic properties of the S-shaped inlet models with the inner bulge with the inlet without the inner bulge, using the algorithm of iterative physical optics (IPO) to evaluate the stealth characteristics of the models. This method is a kind of high-frequency approximation method for analyzing the scattering characteristics of the cavity scattering, with the high calculation accuracy as well as the high calculation efficiency. At the same time, the calculation takes up less memory, this is simply because that the mesh is coarser in calculation when using the IPO algorithm. The resulting inlet design achieving a dramatic improvement in stealth performance that the value of RCS is reduced by up to 97% after incorporating the design of inner bulge. In general, the stealth characteristics of optimized stealth aircraft inlet has greatly improved.
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Reports on the topic "Bulgar"

1

Ilieva, Darinka. Rabies in Bulgaria. "Prof. Marin Drinov" Publishing House of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7546/crabs.2021.08.14.

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Grozdev, Krassimir. Bulgaria and Balkan Security. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada377593.

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Iliev, Dimitar K. Bulgaria as a Strategic Partner. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada478002.

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Nenov, Neyko. Bulgaria and Security in the Balkans. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada404417.

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Simon, Jeffrey. Bulgaria and NATO: 7 Lost Years. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada385996.

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Mihaylov, Margarit T. Bulgaria in the Current Geopolitical Situation. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada589453.

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Bonovska, Magdalena, Tanya Savova, Reneta Petrova, Violeta Valcheva, and Hristo Najdenski. Cases of Paratuberculosis in Deer in Bulgaria. "Prof. Marin Drinov" Publishing House of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, March 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7546/crabs.2019.03.18.

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Curtis, Glenn E. Area Handbook Series: Bulgaria. A Country Study. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada273007.

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Whitehead, Gary W. Missed Opportunity: Reducing the Bulge. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada394050.

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Feliciano, Zadia, and Nadia Doytch. EU Accession and Foreign Owned Firms in Bulgaria. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, January 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w21860.

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