Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Bulgar'
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Sophoulis, Pananos P. "A study of Byzantine-Bulgar relations, 775-816 AD." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.416827.
Full textLivanios, Dimitrios. "Bulgar-Yugoslav controversy over Macedonia and the British connection, 1939-1949." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.308855.
Full textSlavova, Petya. "Les métamorphoses de la profession d'architecte en Bulgarie: réglementation, exercice et oroganisations professionnelles." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210761.
Full textAmossé-Reveret, Julia. "Espace liturgique en Bulgarie de l’Antiquité Tardive à la fin du Ier Royaume bulgare." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2020. http://theses.bu.uca.fr/nondiff/2020CLFAL001_AMOSSE-REVERET_1.pdf.
Full textThis PhD analysing Christianism, liturgical space and decoration in protobyzantine territory of the actual Bulgaria purpose to define Christian protobyzantine art in Bulgaria. Bulgaria, which borders always kept moving during the medieval period, is a country of great interest as far as its geographic position as a crossroads is concerned. Indeed, since the Thrace era, many different ethnic groups and civilizations met and mingled with each other: Bulgaria is a convergence spot between the cultures of West and East Roman Empires on one hand, ethnic groups from the North and from the Mediterranean and Central Asian areas, located between both the Aral and the Caspian Seas, on the other.Moreover, this is such an interesting area as it is close to the imperial capital, Constantinople, and also a important christian center Salonica. Therefore, it seems useful to analyse the Byzantine power's influence over the development and progress of Christian art in these Balkan lands since the Late Antiquity to under Boris-Michel the First's reign. The point of this analysis is to initiate some serious thinking over the issue of artistic production drawn according to the multi-cultural and multi-ethnical heritage. But also to think about the great influence of an artistic, political, economical and religious spot. In the end, the analysis of the art expression cannot be clearly understood without a focus on the relationships between Christian art and the faithful people or clergy member.However, this study is mainly based on the observation of architectural art with the analysis of the design of cultural buildings, i.e. plans, spatial organizations and their evolution, but also on monumental and plastic decorative art. In this way, we wish to understand to what extent the liturgical space in Bulgaria today is a place of fusion between an official art defined by political and religious powers and an art of the faithful endowed with a technical, cultural and artistic heritage coming from the different cultures present on these lands, however, by measuring its limits and the impact of its conception in the face of its proximity to a radiant and influential cultural and religious centre, what is Constantinople? The study is based in particular on a critical corpus and a database containing a large majority of Christian buildings discovered in present-day Bulgaria in order to provide a better understanding of the relationships established between architecture and object, but also on the circulation and organisation of buildings and the roles assigned to certain spaces. Archaeological sources as well as written sources are naturally the fundamental tools for this study and for understanding the mentalities, customs, liturgy and political, economic and religious contexts of these regions. In this way, we hope to bring new avenues of work in the field of research on Byzantine art and artistic productions from territories often perceived as Constantinople's "hinterlands". We also wish to bring new elements to the understanding of mentalities during the protobyzantine period, of the perception of art by the faithful and of their relations not only with the Christian religion but especially with the house of God
Kostova, Pineda Margarita. "L'école littéraire de Tărnovo (XIV-XVe siècles)." Paris, EPHE, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EPHE4011.
Full textTărnovo, Bulgaria, was the center of a late medieval literary school whose influence reached the whole Slavic orthodox world. The “Tărnovo School” was born circa 1371 and dies in 1393, when the city, then the capital of the Bulgarian empire, is taken by the Turks. The school was founded by patriarch Euthymius, the last head of the Bulgarian Church (1375-1393). It inherited a multisecular tradition of byzantino-slavic literary tradition. It collected existing Slavic versions, revised their text by confronting them to the Greek originals and produced new versions and original creations, most of them of the hagiographic genre (Vitae, Encomia). Euthymius and his disciples promoted also a reform of the Slavonic language, in the line of the Carolingian reform in the West. They restored the purity of grammar, orthographic correction, and introduced a higher style. Its writing ample, rich in rhythm and rimes, was called “word-weaving”, and became a model. Besides, the authors of Tărnovo school impregnated their works with the spirit of hesychasm they had received from Mount-Athos, where many of them stayed. Direct or indirect disciples of Euthymius (metropolitan Cyprian, Constantin Kostenečki, Demetrios Cantacuzen, Gregory Camblak, metropolitan Josaphat of Bdin, Theodosius of Tărnovo, Vladislav the Grammarian) spread to neighboring orthodox countries the texts and the techniques they received from their masters. Their heritage reached Serbia, Moldavia, Valachia, Ruthenia (nowadays Belarus and Ukraine), and Muscovy
Lindstedt, Jouko. "On the semantics of tense and aspect in Bulgarian." Helsinki : University of Helsinki, Dept. of Slavonic Languages, 1985. http://books.google.com/books?id=vphgAAAAMAAJ.
Full textAngélidou, Aliki. "Transformations sociales et recompositions de l'identité locale en Europe du sud-est : le cas de Vrabevo, un village bulgare post-socialiste." Paris, EHESS, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005EHES0193.
Full textOur research explores socio-economic and political changes as well as the construction of collective identities in a bulgarian village in the post-socialist era. This work reats the specific articulation of two defferent systems of practices and representations, a"capitalist" and a "socialist" one, into new complex "hybrid" products, of which the most representative is the new village cooperative farm. Trying to understand the actual ambivalence of bulgarian villagers we analyse in the longue durée the different socio-economic, political and identity processes, in their dynamic as a hole. The first part inscribes social transformations in a historical perspective since the creation of the village at the end 19th century. The second part treats the contemporary situation, while the last part deals with the question of the reconstruction of the local identuty as a "communist" one
Vasileva, Margarita. "La société bulgare à la découverte de l'espace public : les mutations post-communistes des médias en Bulgarie (1989-1997)." Grenoble 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE39037.
Full textThrough an analysis of the development of the bulgarian media for the past ten years, our work tries to explain the conflicts and the contradictions that occur in the country since the beginning of the post-communist era. The choice of the concept of public space as research object, is justified by the will to include a large spectrum of sources - devoted to the press, the radio, the cinema and the television - in the broader political issue of the democratisation in bulgaria. This country is characterized by an interesting background, because he stands at the crossroad of balkanic traditions and contradictory foreign influencies. Our study focuses on the process of diversification and autonomisation that take place in the media sphere, from the devolution of an unilateral function of ideological tribune during the communist regime, to the present "conquest" of a new role. We try to show the internal dynamics through wich the press, the radio and the television are attaining the status of a "public forum" where different coalitions of interests have the possibility to express their point of view, official or not. The media also rae acceding to the function of "political arena" where contradictory concerns are confronted and public authorities must give an account about their policies, and they are becoming a "resonance chamber" where more or less organised and mobilized social actors try to met the acclaim of the public opinion and to gather another supports in order to influence the government
Foscolo, Mona. "Georges Dimitrov : une biographie critique." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004IEPP0033.
Full textMarcheva, Marta. "La diaspora bulgare et le traitement médiatique de la Bulgarie dans les presses écrites française, italienne et nord-américaine, 1992-2007." Paris 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA020012.
Full textKirova-Natcheva, Kalina. "La politique de l’habitat en Bulgarie de 1944 à 1989 et son image cinématographique." Thesis, Paris 10, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA100138.
Full textIn this study we examine the development of the housing policies and the housing practices in Bulgaria by using the example of the capital city of Sofia. We analyze the legislative framework, the different types of housing units that housing policies have created, the role of the various actors in the housing construction process, as well as the specific mechanisms for the creation of the housing in the large-scale housing complexes and the periods in the development of the architectural design and the urban planning. Our work explores also the cinematographic representation of housing policies in the movies. We analyze the genres and story lines, image scales, angles and movements of the camera, as well as the recurring patterns of presentation of the different types of housing and inhabitants by which the filmmakers have created the cinematographic image of Sofia
Tchilingirova, Ivleva Krassimira. "Horizon et projet des traducteurs littéraires bulgares du russe et du français dans la Bulgarie communiste (1944-1989)." Paris, INALCO, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011INAL0023.
Full textThis thesis uses Berman's methodology of translation critique to explore the 'translation horizon' in communist Bulgaria, with particular emphasis on the way that the 'translation horizon' might have influenced the 'project of translation' in relation to particular literary works translated into Bulgarian from Russian and French. Berman's notions of 'horizon' and 'project' allow us to study the context of the theory and practice of translation during the period in question. Furthermore, these notions also allow us to study the way that translators approach the process of translation and how they introduce foreign literary works. By dividing the communist era into historical sub-periods, this thesis aims to reveal the tendencies which characterise the translation critique and also the criteria used for choosing and transferring literary translations into Bulgarian. This thesis considers the question of whether there was a 'translation canon' and how this might have influenced the practice and theory of translation. The reflections in this thesis are base on an analysis ofthree translations : Paul Eluard's political poems, from the book Pesni za vsicki (Songs for everyone), and two translations of M. Bulgakov's novel The Master and Margarita
Nicollet, Charlotte. "Ferdinand Ier de Bulgarie : politique étrangère et diplomatie (1887-1918)." Thesis, Paris 4, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA040114.
Full textThe boundaries of an autonomous Bulgarian principality established by the provision of the San Stefano Treaty in 1878 were substantially reduced by the Great Powers at Berlin. Many unresolved problems between Sofia and Saint-Petersburg led to suspension of the bilateral relations and the abdication of Alexander of Battenberg. Ferdinand of Saxe-Cobourg and Gotha was elected Prince in 1887. After a “controversial” accession to the Bulgarian throne, the young knyaz was committed to impose himself and his country’s national interests to the international scene. After a long-term efforts aimed at recognition of his title of king amongst European chancelleries, he tried hard to realise Bulgarian national ideas. However, it undermined relationship between Sofia and Constantinople but also contributed to the rivalry between surrounding States and the Great Powers in the Balkans. Due to his diplomatic experience, Ferdinand opted for a new foreign policy strategy designed to benefit both from the Bulgaria’s strategic position and the rivalry between powers. Thus, the first two decades of the 20th century were marked by the tumult of Balkan politics. However, it allowed Bulgaria to gain independence, the status of the Kingdom in the wake of the Bosnian crisis in 1908, and the defeats during the Balkan Wars and the First World War. The defeats are not attributable entirely to Ferdinand who was the most responsible for the “National Catastrophes” in 1913 and 1918. This research has shown that fact-based analysis provides a more nuanced picture of Ferdinand’s reign which was effected by a complexity of contributing factors that inevitably plunged the country into international isolation and defeat in the Great War
Olson, Jonas. "Rivna bullar och Mexikanska pannkakor." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Institutionen för konst, kultur och kommunikation (K3), 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-22473.
Full textIn this essay I’ve researched workplace based knowledge and how companies can benefit from using it. The combined knowledge of a company work force is a powerful tool, and if you could tap that resource both the employees and the company can benefit. I have researched how this knowledge can be used in educating new employees and how this can empower the employees by giving them more control of their workplace. I advocate handing over more control of the factory to the employees. They work with the machines everyday, and often know the best way to run them, and therefore should be the first to be consulted when optimizing the workflow. I have done this thesis project with the Swedish company Jidoka Innovation AB which with their method set by the name HelpMe, specializes in workplace learning and optimization. My case the Santa Maria tortilla factory in the south of Sweden where I evaluated and developed Jidoka’s methods to see if this way of working could make a more efficient production process.
Gyllin, Roger. "The Genesis of the Modern Bulgarian Literary Language." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Almqvist och Wiksell, 1991. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37598957f.
Full textGuentchéva, Zlatka. "Contributions à l'étude des catégories grammaticales du bulgare littéraire contemporain." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb375947886.
Full textPaspalanova, Mila. "Undocumented and legal Eastern European immigrants in Brussels /." Leuven : M. Paspalanova, 2006. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb412431839.
Full textMateeva, Maria. "Les populismes en Bulgarie." Thesis, Paris 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA020097/document.
Full textThis thesis analyses the reasons of the appearance, the type of discourse, the modes of institutionalization and the social effects generated by the Bulgarian populisms over a period of more than twenty years: from 1992 to 2013. We argue that Bulgarian populism catalyses a "creeping revolution": it questions the social hierarchies and the channels of political representation that results from the "palace revolution" of 1989; it is a consequence of the dialectic between the institutionalization of the populist ideology as an analytical framework and the impossibility of its implementation by the parties formed around the leaders who mobilize it
Дисертацията анализира причините за появата, природата на дискурса, типовете институционализация и социалните ефекти, породени от популизмите в България през период от повече от двадесет години: от 1992 г. до 2013 г. Защитава се хипотезата, че популизмите в България катализират “пълзяща революция”. Тя поставя под съмнение социалните йерархии и каналите за политическо представителство, произтичащи от “дворцовия преврат” от 1989 г. Причина за това е диалектиката между институционализацията на популистката идеология като аналитична рамка за разбиране на политическите и икономически процеси и невъзможността за нейната реализация от партиите, формирани около лидерите, които я изповядват
Vrinat-Nikolov, Marie. "Les particules expressives du bulgare moderne." Paris, INALCO, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990INAL0010.
Full textNelva-Courtin, Hélène. "La Chanson folklorique bulgare et sa structure." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37611029j.
Full textNovakova, Iva. "Sémantique du futur : étude comparée français-bulgare /." Paris ; Montréal (Québec) ; Budapest [etc.] : l'Harmattan, 2001. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb38906502j.
Full textNotice réd. d'après la couv. Bibliogr. p. 379-396.
Gadjeva, Snejana. "Les turcismes dans la langue bulgare contemporaine." Paris, INALCO, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INAL0019.
Full textIn this thesis we study the lexical borrowings from Turkish to Bulgarian, commonly referred to as turcisms. The study aims to investigate if currently there exists new uses of turcism. For this purpose, it is based on a corpus extracted from the contemporary Bulgarian literary works, and supplemented by examples from the contemporary newspapers. We also refer to other available lists of turcisms made in the past in order to identify possible changes in the use of these loanwords. The work consists of five chapters. The first raises issues of defining the concept of linguistic borrowing and determining the criteria for its analysis. The second chapter is devoted to the elucidation of the social context in which the language contact occurs, its particularities and its impact on the nature of the loanwords. The third chapter sets turcisms in the context of other changes of the Bulgarian language induced from its contact with Turkish. It provides an inventory of turcisms and comments on their classification. The fourth chapter is devoted to the phonetic, graphic, morphosyntactic, semantic and functional changes of the turcisms in Bulgarian. It also analyses the ability of turcisms to serve as a basic of lexical neologisms in Bulgarian. The final chapter offers a reflection on the question of the sense of foreignness expressed by the users towards turcisms
Nelva-Courtin, Hélène. "La chanson folklorique bulgare et sa structure." Paris 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA030118.
Full textINTEREST IN THE FOLKSONG APPEARED IN BULGARIA IN THE MIDDLE OF THE LAST CENTURY WHEN THIS CREATIVE TRADITION WAS BEGINNING TO DIE OUT. THE SONGS SELECTED IN THIS CORPUS MAINLY CONCERN THE IMPORTANT EVENTS OF THE PEASANTS YEAR, FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS, BULGARIAN HISTORY AND THE LIVES OF THE HAJDUT. THE STRUCTURE OF THESE SONGS IS BUILT PRIMARILY ON THE USE OF REPRETITION WHICH HELPS TO FOCUS THE ATTENTION OF THE AUDIANCE ON THE MESSAGE ; SECONDILY, THE GRADATION AND ESPECIALLY THE "NEGATIVE GRADATION" strengthENS AND INTENSIFIES THIS EMPHASIS ; AND FINALLY, OF LEAST IMPORTANCE, THE ANTITHESIS WHICH APPEARS STRONGLY IN THE USE OF TWO CONTRASTING SYMBOLIC IDEAS WITHIN ONE IMAGE. THE SUBJECTIVITY OF THE LANGUAGE APPEARS MAINLY IN THE USE OF VOCATIVE FORMS ADDED TO EXCLAMATIVES AND INJUNCTIVES. THE USE OF THE DIMINUTIVE IS MOSTLY CONFINED TO A SYNTAGM ADJ + SUBSTANTIVE, RATHER THAN A SUFFIXE. MOST OF THE SONGS ARE WRITTEN IN DIRECT SPEECH AND EVEN THOUGH MORE THAN TWO CHARACTERS MAY BE EVOKED AT THE BEGINNING, IT WILL ALWAYS EVOLVE INTO A STRICT DIALOGUE. THE VERBA DICENDI ARE USED WITHOUT REGARD TO TENSE. THIS INDIFFERENCE TO CHRONOLOGY IS FURTHER CONFIRMED BY THE DOMINATION OF PSYCHOLOGICAL TIME, THE EVOLUTION OF THE STORY JUMPING FROM ONE IMPORTANT EVENT TO ANOTHER. THE USE OF ANTICIPATION AND REPROSPECTION IS BASED ON TWO PATTERNS. .
Touykova, Marta. "La conversion identitaire du Parti socialiste bulgare." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005IEPP0002.
Full textManeva, Blagovesta. "Modèle temporel de la gémination consonantique en bulgare." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0027/NQ33053.pdf.
Full textKazakov, Emil. "La nation bulgare au XXe siècle : permanences géopolitiques." Paris 8, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA082090.
Full textNeuburger, Mary Catherine. "Shifting Balkan borders : Muslim minorities and the mapping of national identity in modern Bulgaria /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10374.
Full textContessa, Sara Giuseppina. "Il racconto breve nella letteratura bulgara moderna: Dejan Enev." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/10802/.
Full textNoteva, Iordanka. "Coopératives agricoles et société le cas bulgare (1396-2001) /." [Montréal] : Université de Montréal, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/umontreal/fullcit?pNQ82748.
Full text"NQ-82713." "Thèse présentée à la faculté des études supérieures en vue de l'obtention du grade de doctor (Ph. D.) en sociologie." Version électronique également disponible sur Internet.
Moreira, Thiago dos Santos [UNIFESP]. "Integração de mecanismos cardiovasculares e respiratórios na região bulbar." Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2007. http://repositorio.unifesp.br/handle/11600/23416.
Full textFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
The present thesis will try to elucidate important excitatory mechanisms in the brainstem related to cardio-respiratory control. We will discuss 4 recently published papers (cardiovascular control: Moreira e cols., 2005 e 2007; cardiorespiratory control: Takakura e cols., 2006; Moreira e cols., 2006). Papers 1 and 2: Glutamatergic mechanisms related to cardiovascular control. In the present study, we investigated the effects of inhibition of the caudal ventrolateral medulla (CVLM) with the GABA(A) agonist muscimol combined with the blockade of glutamatergic mechanism in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) with kynurenic acid (kyn) on mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), and regional vascular resistances. In male Holtzman rats anesthetized intravenously with urethane/chloralose, bilateral injections of muscimol (120 pmol) into the CVLM or bilateral injections of kyn (2.7 nmol) into the NTS alone increased MAP to 186 ± 11 and to 142 ± 6 mmHg, respectively, vs. control: 105 ± 4 mmHg; HR to 407 ± 15 and to 412 ± 18 beats per minute (bpm), respectively, vs. control: 352 ± 12 bpm; and renal, mesenteric and hindquarter vascular resistances. However, in rats with the CVLM bilaterally blocked by muscimol, additional injections of kyn into the NTS reduced MAP to 88 ± 5 mmHg and mesenteric and hindquarter vascular resistances below control baseline levels. Moreover, in rats with the glutamatergic mechanisms of the NTS blocked by bilateral injections of kyn, additional injections of muscimol into the CVLM also reduced MAP to 92 ± 2 mmHg and mesenteric and hindquarter vascular resistances below control baseline levels. Simultaneous blockade of NTS and CVLM did not modify the increase in HR but also abolished the increase in renal vascular resistance produced by each treatment alone. The results suggest that important pressor mechanisms arise from the NTS and CVLM to control vascular resistance and arterial pressure under the conditions of the present study. Papers 3 and 4: Central chemoreceptors brainstem mechanisms related to cardio-respiratory control. Paper 3: Interaction between central and peripheral chemoreceptors. The rat retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN) contains pH-sensitive neurons that are putative central chemoreceptors. Here, we examined whether these neurons respond to peripheral chemoreceptor stimulation and whether the input is direct from the solitary tract nucleus (NTS) or indirect via the respiratory network. A dense neuronal projection from commissural NTS (commNTS) to RTN was revealed using the anterograde tracer biotinylated dextran amine (BDA). Within RTN, 51% of BDA-labelled axonal varicosities contained detectable levels of vesicular glutamate transporter-2 (VGLUT2) but only 5% contained glutamic acid decarboxylase-67 (GAD67). Awake rats were exposed to hypoxia (n = 6) or normoxia (n = 5) 1 week after injection of the retrograde tracer cholera toxin B (CTB) into RTN. Hypoxia-activated neurons were identified by the presence of Fosimmunoreactive nuclei. CommNTS neurons immunoreactive for both Fos and CTB were found only in hypoxia-treated rats. VGLUT2 mRNA was detected in 92 ± 13% of these neurons whereas only 12 ± 9% contained GAD67 mRNA. In urethane-chloralose-anaesthetized rats, bilateral inhibition of the RTN with muscimol eliminated the phrenic nerve discharge (PND) at rest, during hyperoxic hypercapnia (10% CO2), and during peripheral chemoreceptor stimulation (hypoxia and/or i.v. sodium cyanide, NaCN). RTN CO2-activated neurons were recorded extracellularly in anaesthetized intact or vagotomized rats. These neurons were strongly activated by hypoxia (10-15% O2; 30 s) or by NaCN. Hypoxia and NaCN were ineffective in rats with carotid chemoreceptor denervation. Bilateral injection of muscimol into the ventral respiratory column 1.5 mm caudal to RTN eliminated PND and the respiratory modulation of RTN neurons. Muscimol did not change the threshold and sensitivity of RTN neurons to hyperoxic hypercapnia nor their activation by peripheral chemoreceptor stimulation. In conclusion, RTN neurons respond to brain pCO2 presumably via their intrinsic chemosensitivity and to carotid chemoreceptor activation via a direct glutamatergic pathway from commNTS that bypasses the respiratory network. RTN neurons probably contribute a portion of the chemical drive to breathe. Paper 4: Central chemoreceptors and sympathetic vasomotor outflow. The present study explores how elevations in brain pCO2 increase the sympathetic nerve discharge (SND). SND, phrenic nerve discharge (PND) and putative sympathoexcitatory vasomotor neurons of the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) were recorded in anaesthetized sino-aortic denervated and vagotomized rats. Hypercapnia (end-expiratory CO2 from 5% to 10%) increased SND (97 ± 6%) and the activity of RVLM neurons (67 ± 4%). Injection of kynurenic acid (Kyn, ionotropic glutamate receptor antagonist) into RVLM or the retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN) eliminated or reduced PND, respectively, but did not change the effect of CO2 on SND. Bilateral injection of Kyn or muscimol into the rostral ventral respiratory group (rVRG-pre-Botzinger region, also called CVLM) eliminated PND while increasing the stimulatory effect of CO2 on SND. Muscimol injection into commissural part of the solitary tract nucleus (commNTS) had no effect on PND or SND activation by CO2. As expected, injection of Kyn into RVLM or muscimol into commNTS virtually blocked the effect of carotid body stimulation on SND in rats with intact carotid sinus nerves. In conclusion, CO2 increases SND by activating RVLM sympathoexcitatory neurons. The relevant central chemoreceptors are probably located within or close to RVLM and not in the NTS or in the rVRG-pre-Botzinger/CVLM region. RVLM sympathoexcitatory neurons may be intrinsically pH-sensitive and/or receive excitatory synaptic inputs from RTN chemoreceptors. Activation of the central respiratory network reduces the overall sympathetic response to CO2, presumably by activating barosensitive CVLM neurons and inhibiting RTN chemoreceptors.
A presente tese de doutorado vai tentar elucidar os mecanismos excitatórios do bulbo relacionados ao controle cardiovascular e respiratório. Para tanto serão discutidos 4 trabalhos recentemente publicados (controle cardiovascular: Moreira e cols., 2005 e 2007; controle cardio-respiratório: Takakura e cols., 2006; Moreira e cols., 2006). Trabalhos 1 e 2: Relacionado aos mecanismos glutamatérgicos responsáveis pelo controle cardiovascular. No presente estudo, procuramos investigar os efeitos cardiovasculares promovidos pela inibição da região caudoventrolateral (CVL) do bulbo com a injeção bilateral de muscimol, juntamente com o bloqueio glutamatérgico dos núcleos do trato solitário (NTS) (região postremal ou comissural) com a injeção de ácido quinurênico (antagonista de receptores glutamatérgicos). Foram utilizados ratos Holtzman, anestesiados com uretana e alfa-cloralose e registrou-se a pressão arterial média (PAM), frequência cardíaca (FC) e fluxo sanguíneo para os leitos renal, mesentérico e aórtico. A injeção bilateral de muscimol (agonista GABAérgico do sub-tipo A) (2 mM) na região do CVL ou a injeção de ácido quinurênico (50 mM) no NTS postremal produzem aumento de PAM (186 ± 11 ou 142 ± 6 mmHg, respectivamente, vs. controle: 105 ± 4 mmHg), de FC (407 ± 15 ou 412 ± 18 bpm, respectivamente, vs. controle: 352 ± 12 bpm) e aumento de resistência vascular renal, mesentérica e aórtica. A injeção de ácido quinurênico no NTS comissural (NTScom) não produz alterações nos valores basais da PAM, FC e resistência vascular. Entretanto, em animais com a injeção bilateral de muscimol no CVL, a injeção de ácido quinurênico no NTS (postremal ou comissural) reduziu a PAM e resistência vascular para valores abaixo do valor controle. Do mesmo modo, em ratos com o bloqueio do NTS (postremal ou comissural), a subsequente inibição do CVL produziu também uma redução da PAM e resistência vascular para valores abaixo do valor controle. Em animais com lesão eletrolítica da região do NTScom, a injeção de muscimol na região do CVL produziu redução da PAM e resistência vascular para valores abaixo do valor controle. Dinte disso, os resultados sugerem a existência de importantes mecanismos excitatórios no NTS (região postremal e comissural) e no CVL para controle da pressão arterial e resistência vascular. Trabalhos 3 e 4: Relacionado aos mecanismos bulbares ativados pelos quimiorreceptores centrais no controle cardio-respiratório. Trabalho 3: Interação entre quimiorreceptores centrais e periféricos. O núcleo retrotapezóide (NRT) contém neurônios sensíveis ao pH e são característicos como sendo quimiorreceptores centrais. A hipótese desse trabalho é procurar mostrar que a ativação dos quimiorreceptores periféricos promove a ativação dos quimiorreceptores centrais no NRT e que essa ativação é mediada por uma via direta do NTScom para o NRT. Nesse estudo foram utilizados ratos Sprague-Dawley. Uma densa projeção do NTScom para a região do NRT foi mostrada com o uso de traçadores anterógrados (amina dextrana biotinilada - BDA) injetados por iontoforese na região do NTScom. Na região do NRT, mais de 50% dos terminais que expressam BDA contêm a vesícula de transporte para glutamato (VGLUT2), mas apenas 5% contêm glutamina ácido descarboxilase (GAD67). Em um outro grupo de animais, uma semana após a injeção do traçador retrógrado cólera toxina B (CTB) no NRT, os animais foram expostos a períodos de hipóxia por 3 horas. A presença da proteína Fos serviu para identificar os neurônios que eram ativados pela hipóxia. Neurônios imunorreativos para Fos e CTB foram encontrados na região do NTScom. A grande maioria dos neurônios que eram imunorreativos para Fos e CTB, expressavam VGLUT2 mRNA, enquanto uma minoria expressou GAD67 mRNA. Na segunda parte do estudo foram utilizados animais anestesiados com uretana e alfa-cloralose e vagotomizados. A injeção bilateral de muscimol no NRT promoveu a eliminação do nervo frênico durante uma situação controle, durante a estimulação dos quimiorreceptores centrais (hipercapnia – 10% de CO2) e durante a estimulação dos quimiorreceptores periféricos (injeção endovenosa de cianeto de sódio ou hipóxia (10-15% de O2). A atividade dos neurônios quimiossensíveis do NRT foram registrados em animais intactos ou vagotomizados para possíveis comparações. Todos os neurônios quimiossensíveis do NRT foram ativados pelos quimiorreceptores periféricos. A ativação dos quimiorreceptores periféricos não promoveu a ativação dos neurônios do NRT em animais com desnervação dos quimiorreceptores. A injeção bilateral de muscimol na região do CVL promoveu a eliminação do nervo frênico e a modulação respiratória nos neurônios do NRT. A injeção de muscimol não alterou o limiar e a sensibilidade dos neurônios do NRT durante uma situação de hipercapnia e também durante a ativação dos quimiorreceptores periféricos. Portanto, podemos concluir nesse estudo que os neurônios do NRT respondem às variações de CO2 devido a presença de 2 mecanismos: sua quimiossensibilidade intrínseca e por meio da ativação dos quimiorreptores periféricos (via glutamatérgica direta do NTScom para o NRT). Trabalho 4: Quimiorreceptores centrais e atividade simpática. O próximo estudo procurou explorar como elevações na pCO2 pode aumentar a atividade simpática. Foram registrados a atividade simpática eferente do nervo esplâncnico, atividade do nervo frênico e atividade dos neurônios vasomotores da região rostroventrolateral (RVL) do bulbo. Os experimentos foram realizados em ratos Sprague-Dawley, anestesiados com halotana e completamente desnervados. Hipercapnia (variação do CO2 expirado de 5 para 10%) promoveu aumento da atividade simpática (97 ± 6%) e da atividade dos neurônios do RVL (67 ± 4%). A injeção bilateral de ácido quinurênico no RVL ou no NRT eliminou ou reduziu a atividade do nervo frênico, respectivamente, mas não alterou a atividade simpática eferente produzida pela hipercapnia. A injeção bilateral de ácido quinurênico ou muscimol na região do CVL eliminou a atividade do nervo frênico e promoveu um aumento do efeito estimulatório do CO2 na atividade simpática. A injeção de muscimol na região comissural do NTS não alterou as respostas estimulatórias do CO2 sobre a atividade simpática e atividade do nervo frênico. Como esperado, a injeção de ácido quinurênico no RVL ou a injeção de muscimol no NTS comissural, em ratos intactos, bloqueou os efeitos cardio-respiratórios da estimulação dos quimiorreceptores periféricos com a injeção endovenosa de cianeto de sódio. Em conclusão, a hipercapnia aumentou a atividade simpática por ativação dos neurônios bulbo-espinais do RVL. Os neurônios excitatórios do RVL podem ser sensíveis a variações de CO2 e/ou receber projeções excitatórias dos quimiorreceptores centrais da região do NRT. Durante uma situação de hipercapnia, o total de aumento da atividade simpática produzido pela ativação dos quimiorreceptores centrais parece estar reduzido. Esse efeito é, portanto, mediado pela ativação de neurônios barossensíveis da região do CVL ou, então, pela inibição dos quimiorreceptores centrais do NRT.
FAPESP: 03/08163-4
FAPESP: 98/06231-2
Capes: 3495/04-3
BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações
Vateva, Anna. "Approche monographique de la traduction littéraire : Proust en Bulgare." Paris 10, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA100193.
Full textThe constitution of this work stems from our translation experience. Specifically, its starting point is our translation in Bulgarian of a collection of extracts from A la recherche du temps perdu by Marcel Proust. In a broader sense, the practitioner that we are turned to the theory in order to clarify and thereby improve his practice. The theoretical part of this work is devoted to reflection on translation in general and on our practice in particular. At first we examine some fundamental theoretical problems. Their presentation revolves around two main themes: the question of literalism and the relation between theory and practice. We tackle these issues through the consideration of three différent perspectives: metaphysics of translation, poetic of translation and translating science. Secondly, we ondine the elements of our specific experience. The presentation of preparatory work is followed by analysis of our translation. This analysis aims to identify the transposition of the systematic nature of the proustian text and to compare our translation choices with those made by the Bulgarian translaters of the existing versions. Translation theory and practice are in a mutual lighting. Analyzing his own practice using theoretical tools is an extremely useful experience. The accumulation of data derived from translators' introspection serves as basis for theoretical studies on the translation
Roblin-Tchoreloff, Yvette Mathilde. "L' union nationale agrarienne bulgare de 1923 à 1947." Paris 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA010570.
Full textKrastanova, Radosveta. "Les nouveaux mouvements sociaux : le cas du mouvement écologique en Bulgarie." Thesis, Dijon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015DIJOD001/document.
Full textThis study examines the Green Movement in Bulgaria (1987-2014) as a typical and specific example of the New Social Movements. It focuses on the interconnection between environmentalism, politics and participation. We present the movement along with its evolution and analyse it on three levels: macro (through its relation to the most important contemporary issues, phenomena and processes); meso (in the national context during the past three generations); and micro (through the prism of individuals and their experience). Our general approach is interdisciplinary, combining qualitative, comparative and quantitative methods. Bulgaria’s green movement is a citizen and political movement of a new type. In the context of the New Social Movements, it is an actor of challenging the status quo; a moral corrective of the power, which implements a genuine ‘citizen environmental politics.’ Secondly, it introduces and fosters New Culture and New Politics based on a novel set of values, practices and behavioural models: one where the individual is essential. Thirdly, it is one of the pillars of Bulgarian civil society, a key factor in democratizing the socio-political life. Last but not least, it is a vehicle of an Eco-humanism originating in the specific environment that gave birth to the citizens’ movements in Eastern Europe under the totalitarian regimes and during the Democratic Transition. It also embodies a specific national attitude towards nature, traditionally stemming from peculiarities of Bulgarian culture
Alexandrova-Guest, Milena. "Habiter Sofia au tournant du XXIè siècle : essai géographique sur l'aménagement des espaces urbains post-socialistes." Lyon, Ecole normale supérieure, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ENSF0028.
Full textBergström, Erika. "Buller i förskolans inomhusmiljö." Thesis, University of Gävle, Department of Mathematics, Natural and Computer Sciences, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-4644.
Full textSyftet med studien är att belysa buller i förskolans pedagogiska inomhusmiljö och vilken inverkan det kan ha på barnen som vistas där, samt vilka åtgärder som kan vidtas för att få en god ljudmiljö. Som metod har en enkätundersökning och intervjuer med pedagoger utförts. Dessutom har förskolans inomhusmiljö med barn och vuxna observerats. Undersökningen visar att barn, vuxna, aktiviteter och leksaker skapar en bullrig miljö. Som en följd av detta buller upplever pedagogerna att barnen bli trötta och okoncentrerade, men också livliga och högljudda. För att motverka buller har vissa åtgärder utförts i arbetssätt och miljö, men pedagogerna upplever att bristande kunskap, tid och pengar hindrar dem i vidare arbete.
Trots att det finns lagar och rekommendationer återstår det mycket att göra för att skapa en god ljudmiljö för barnens fortsatta utveckling och lärande.
Dahlström, Hannes, and Alexander Dyk-Strömberg. "Lätta väggar, högt buller." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för teknik och samhälle (TS), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-44434.
Full textThis thesis evaluates whether walls with light-frame construction are suitable to build in areas with high sound pressure levels, allowed by Sweden’s law regarding loud traffic noise nearbuildings. Previous consensus has been that exterior walls have sufficient sound insulation,regarding sound pressure levels by the residence-façade generated from traffic noise, to achieverequired indoor sound pressure levels. Due to the ongoing urbanization in Sweden, a law haspassed that increased the allowed levels of equivalent sound pressure by a residence-façade. Therefore, it has become relevant to examine if light-frame construction façades really do have sufficient sound insulation.In the study, field measurements are made on three façade walls to determine their noise reduction properties. The values from the measurements are compared to the sound insulation capacity of software-built wall-models with the same wall constructions as the field measured walls. Both the measured and the modelled walls sound insulation is also compared parallel to insulation values for light-frame construction walls found in literature. The values of the walls sound insultation are also evaluated regarding high but occurring sound pressure levels by facades and demanded levels of sound pressure indoors. Modifications are made to the construction of one modelled wall to quantify the improvement in sound insulation of the walls derived from the investigated construction-modifications.The results conclude that the examined light-frame construction walls are indeed sufficient in the aspect of sound insulation to merely satisfy the laws. The walls sound insulation is not as unambiguously sufficient when establishing what is considered a good indoor acoustic environment, instead of only achieving minimum levels required by law.
Ditcheva-Nikolova, Malinka. "La double justification - sémantique et prosodique - de la place de l'adjectif épithète. Le cas du français et du bulgare." Paris 7, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA070073.
Full textThe model called bipolar provides a general principle to explain not only the position, in modern French, of an attributive adjective with respect to the noun which it modifies, but also the arrangement of several adjectives inside the noun phrase, with the result that its interest extend to any language, like Bulgarian, where the anteposition is constant. This model lends itself to graphic representation, as well as to analytical statement. Its justification lies in the fact that a subtle linguistic competence on the matter is easily gained not only by the native speakers, but also by Bulgarian students of French. As for the traditional grammatical rules that describe the distributional properties of French attributive adjectives, one is, sometimes, faced with a situation where "the lever is heavier than the burden". The model functions for a rather high number of adjectives pertaining to various semantic classes. It allows, for example, to determine the order, in relation with the node lines, of two adjectives (for example, "important" and "économique") in a noun phrase, from a relative evaluation of the ratio situational value vs. Referential value for each adjective. .
Iankova, Bissera. "Le present perfect anglais et le parfait bulgare : étude contrastive." Paris 7, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA070111.
Full textThe object of this study is the English "present perfect" and the Bulgarian "parfait". Our research is based on the theoretical principles of the tense-aspect model of Cognitive and Applicative Grammar. In our analysis we identify three values of "present perfect" and parfait : resulting state, experiential value and inferential value. We present arguments in favour of the claim that the use of the perfect in both languages is determined by the requirements of the utterance situation and more precisely, by the enunciator's intention to emphasize the subject/agent or the object/patient present state. The value of resulting state is the most frequent one in both languages. The aspectual notion of achievement is characteristic of this value, the verbal telicity being an important factor in determining this value. Contrary to the value of resulting state, the experiential value is characterized by the aspectual notion of non-achievement and its occurrences are often accompanied by atelic verbs and adverbs of duration. As to the inferential value, we argue that context, extra-linguistic factors as well as modality are important to determining this value. In English, we find modality integrated in the predicate and in Bulgarian it is dispersed in the whole utterance. Another difference between the two languages concerns aspectual indicators. Contrary to English, Bulgarian has morphological marks of aspect. This divergence determines the different nature, number and distribution of aspectual marks in the two languages
Vieugué, Julien. "Du vase aux tessons : formes et fonctions de la céramique du Néolithique ancien de l'habitat de Kovačevo (6200-5500 av. J.-C., Bulgarie)." Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010672.
Full textKoleva, Petia. "Système productif et système financier en Bulgarie : 1990-2003 /." Paris ; Budapest ; Torino : l'Harmattan, 2004. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb392000317.
Full textBibliogr. p. 303-318.
Hall, Richard Cooper. "The crisis in Bulgarian foreign policy 1911-1913 /." The Ohio State University, 1986. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487266011222511.
Full textVazov, Nikolai. "L'identification des valeurs aspecto-temporelles des situations en vue d'un traitement automatique : le cas du passé composé et de ses équivalents fonctionnels en bulgare." Paris 4, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA040102.
Full textThe thesis represents an analysis of the semantic values of passé composé in French which is based on two complementary studies. The first one sets the theoretical framework of our approach which has two main goals: to analyze the organization and the operation of the temporal and aspectual system in natural languages and to locate the aspecto-temporal information in the model of the applicative and cognitive grammar (Desclés, Guentcheva et al. 1985). This model is an extension of the universal applicative grammar developed by S. Shaumyan (1965). The temporal system of natural languages is conceived as consisting of qualitative rather than quantitative stretches of time. These stretches are distinguished one from the other by the presence or the absence of a first or of a last point and represented by topological intervals of different types. Each type of interval stands for a one of the abstract values of situations: states, processes or events. These values are rendered by operators which operate on atemporal and non-aspectualised predicative relations in order to transform them into predicative relations with specified temporal and aspectual caracteristics. The second study represents the empirical framework of the approach. It contains two steps: identification of aspecto-temporal values and their representation by applicative expressions. In order to identify the semantic values we have mapped the set of linguisting expressions containing forms of passé composé into a set of meanings rendered by these expressions. The mapping procedure is carried out and controlled by a context-scanning method developed by the research group LALIC at the Paris-Sorbonne University (Desclés et Jouis 1993). This method allows to assign aspecto-temporal values to situations using linguistic markers detected in the text. The operation of the context scanning strategy is based on two important choices: the choice of linguistic markers
Baschewa, Emilia. "Objekte und Objektsätze im Deutschen und im Bulgarischen : eine kontrastive Untersuchung unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Verben der Handlungssteuerung /." Frankfurt am Main : P. Lang, 2004. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39911124w.
Full textMartin, Thomas M. "Der bulgarische Diabolismus : eine Studie zur bulgarischen Phantastik zwischen 1920 und 1934 /." Wiesbaden : O. Harrassowitz, 1993. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb36693225q.
Full textAnguelova-Lavergne, Dostena. "La "main invisible" de la transition : think tanks et transition démocratique en Bulgarie après 1989." Paris, EHESS, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EHES0341.
Full textThis doctoral thesis studies the role of "think tanks" in the process of transition and democratisation in Bulgaria after the end of the cold war in 1989. It is a pionneer research on these new political and social actors expanding their practices and discourse not only in Eastern, but also in Western Europe, thus contributing to the deep transformation of the institutions of modernity, in the political as well as in the academic field. This study analyses both the local process and historical conditions that gave birth to this new elite, close to the academic and intellectual field as well as to the NGO sector, but also situates the Bulgarian think tanks in the context of the globalisation process and its international networks of democracy makers. Thus, the thesis contritbutes to sharpen and widen the recent research in anthroplogy and political science on international poject culture, civil society and interaction between the local and the global
Kokkinou, Maria. "Instituer l’attente : la DOMÉ et les réfugiés politiques de la guerre civile grecque en Bulgarie (1949-2010)." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0029.
Full textHow did refugees of the Greek Civil War (1946-1949) live through the war? What experiences did life in exile in socialist Bulgaria trigger? This study, based on the latter questions, presents the life of Grecophones and Slavophones who found shelter in Bulgaria for three decades during the Cold War. It is based on the archives of the Democratic Organisation for Culture and Education, DOMÉ, founded in 1962 by the leaders of the Greek Communist Party living in Sofia, and on an ethnographic corpus put together between 2009 and 2011 in Greece and Bulgaria. Covering the years 1948 to 2010, this research piece examines the refugee as an analytical category through the archival material and the testimonies of refugees themselves, in an attempt to explain how refugees' expectation of a return home shaped the present of exile, how local institutions (re)produced a feeling of national belonging when refugees were deprived of citizenship, how subjects developed new identities through their individual experiences, during exile but also afterwards, when the Greek state finally authorised repatriation – under certain conditions. To finish, it looks at how subjects experienced temporality in these circumstances where they were marginalised, and how they managed to transcend the political and social marginalisation imposed on them by their prolonged inability to return home, when they eventually did manage to go back to Greece. This study highlights how the refugee – as an analytical category – has been the embodiment of political and social deviation, while offering at the same time a space of negotiation between subjects and power, where the scope of possibilities remains open
Todorova, Polia Drouet Michel. "Régionalisation et intégration européenne le cas des échanges extérieurs bulgares /." Rennes : Université Rennes 2, 2008. http://theses.scdbases.uhb.fr:8000/theseTodorova.pdf.
Full textIlieva, Maia. "Bilan et perspectives d'un droit bulgare de la concurrence : aspects nationaux, communautaires, internationaux." Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010271.
Full textBulgarian competition law according to the law on protection of the competition dated 1991. The first part treats the control of market agreements, abuse of dominant market position and merger control. The second part treats state subsidies and regime of public enterprises, competence of the competition protection commettee and of the court for guaranteeing the competition rules observation. It treats also the legal regulation of those problems according to the agreement for association of Bulgaria into the ec
Gradeva, Milena. "Stratégies d'entreprise dans un contexte de changement institutionnel : le cas de la Bulgarie." Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010047.
Full textGunchev, Konstantin. "Party system fragmentation in post-communist Bulgaria." Click here for download, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1296099121&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=3260&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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