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Journal articles on the topic 'Bulgarian flora'
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1
Stoyanov, Stoyan, Gavril Negrean, and Vladimir Vladimirov. "Contribution to the Knowledge of Bromus Diandrus–Rigidus (Poaceae) Polyploid Complex in the Bulgarian and Romanian Floras." Proceedings of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences 75, no. 4 (2022): 536–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.7546/crabs.2022.04.08.
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Comparative morphological and ploidy level survey of the polyploid complex B. diandrus-rigidus in the Bulgarian and Romanian floras was performed. Critical examination of the morphology of the collected specimens revealed B. diandrus is represented in both floras. The species has already been reported for Romania under the name B. rigidus. For Bulgaria, the species has been very recently reported on a conference poster with a single gathering from 2020. Here, we provide more records of the species along the whole Bulgarian Black Sea coast floristic region, with the oldest gathering dating back to 2003. Ploidy level estimation of the Bulgarian accessions by flow cytometry revealed all studied populations are octoploid which is congruent with data from elsewhere, and confirms B. diandrus is present in the Bulgarian flora. For both the Bulgarian and Romanian floras alien status of the species has been inferred.
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Малаш, Олександра Василівна. "ДО ПИТАННЯ ПРО СТРУКТУРУ І СЕМАНТИКУ НАЗВ РОСЛИН У БОЛГАРСЬКИХ ГОВІРКАХ ОДЕЩИНИ". Збірник наукових праць ХНПУ імені Г.С. Сковороди "Лінгвістичні дослідження", № 41 (30 березня 2016): 48–56. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.48563.
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<em>This article is dedicated to the structure and semantics of plant names in Bulgarian dialects of the region of Odesa. This subject has not been explored specially in the Slavonic linguistics. The aim of the research is to elicit a structural and semantic specificity of the phyto names in the Bulgarian phrases of the region of Odesa. In that context it is required to accomplish some tasks as follows: 1. Determining the main structural varieties of the flora names in the Bulgarian dialects of that region. 2. Analyzing the semantics of the plant names in the dialects of that region and revealing motivational stems from which these phytonyms are derived. 3. Pointing to sources of the plant names in the dialects of the Bulgarian emigrants in Odesa region. The analysis of the language material reveals that the Bulgarian plant names in the contemporary colonial phrases of Bulgarians in Odesa region reflect the peculiarities of the dialects of the emigrants in the 18-19 cent. Structurally the hugest part of the botanical vocabulary of Bulgarians in Ukraine are simple (one-word) flora names. Of these, there are Slavonic phytonyms and foreign loans (Turkish, Greek, Latin). There are few of composite (two-stem) and complex (two-word) phytonyms in the vocabulary of the Bulgarians in Odesa region. All the researched vernacular names have been adhering to principles of the nomination inherent to the flora names in the Bulgarian language.</em>
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Kunev, Georgi. "A contribution to the vascular flora of Bulgaria: new species record and chorological update." Historia naturalis bulgarica 46, no. 2 (2024): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.48027/hnb.46.021.
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The present paper discusses new data on the distribution of 15 plant taxa, native or alien to the vascular flora of Bulgaria. Allium urusakiorum is reported to Bulgaria for the first time. Five of the listed taxa, Thelypteris palustris, Isolepis supina, Cladium mariscus, Carex punctata, and Avena eriantha are of conservation significance at regional scale. The current invasive status of the alien to the Bulgarian vascular flora Mollugo verticillata is discussed. Additional nomenclature notes and comments on some neglected herbarium records distributed in the indexed Bulgarian herbaria were included to the text.
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Kunev, Georgi. "A contribution to the vascular flora of Bulgaria: new species record and chorological update." Historia naturalis bulgarica 46, no. 2 (2024): 27–36. https://doi.org/10.48027/hnb.46.021.
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The present paper discusses new data on the distribution of 15 plant taxa, native or alien to the vascular flora of Bulgaria. Allium urusakiorum is reported to Bulgaria for the first time. Five of the listed taxa, Thelypteris palustris, Isolepis supina, Cladium mariscus, Carex punctata, and Avena eriantha are of conservation significance at regional scale. The current invasive status of the alien to the Bulgarian vascular flora Mollugo verticillata is discussed. Additional nomenclature notes and comments on some neglected herbarium records distributed in the indexed Bulgarian herbaria were included to the text.
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Petrova, Ana, and Vladimir Vladimirov. "Recent progress in floristic and taxonomic studies in Bulgaria." Botanica Serbica 42, no. 1 (2018): 35–69. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1173552.
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An overview of floristic and taxonomic research on vascular plants in Bulgaria during the period of 2005-2016 has been made. The Bulgarian flora currently comprises 4064 species, belonging to 921 genera and 159 families. About 490 published papers were checked, in which 127 species were reported for the first time for the country by Bulgarian or foreign botanists, 11 of these taxa being ones new to science, while 51 are aliens. In the papers checked, 17 subspecies (two of them new to science) and 18 hybrids (four of them new to science) were also reported for the first time for the country, nine species were confirmed, and another 78 were unconfirmed, synonymised, or erroneously reported. In numerous papers, new localities for various species in different floristic regions in Bulgaria were reported. The books Flora of the Republic of Bulgaria Vol. 11, Red Data Book of the Republic of Bulgaria Vol. 1. Plants and Fungi, Atlas of Endemic Plants in Bulgaria, Invasive Alien Species of Vascular Plants in Bulgaria, Proceedings of Balkan Botanical Congress IV, etc., were published during the given period.
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Gussev, Chavdar, Valeri Georgiev, Sonya Tsoneva, and Rossen Tzonev. "New floristic and syntaxonomic data from rice fields in Bulgaria." Botanica Serbica 44, no. 1 (2020): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/botserb2001095g.
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The present work is a floristic and phytocoenological study of rice fields in the Thracian Lowland, South Central Bulgaria. Two species new to the Bulgarian alien flora were found as a result: Heteranthera reniformis (Pontederiaceae) and Rotala ramosior (Lythraceae). The class Oryzetea sativae is documented with phytocoenological relev?s for the first time in Bulgaria.
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Yurukov, Stefan, and Peter Zhelev. "The Woody Flora of Bulgaria: A Review." Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 152, no. 2 (2001): 52–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2001.0052.
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This review presents a brief survey of the Bulgarian dendroflora. The country is situated in the transition zone between the continental and Mediterranean climate and,therefore, considerable habitat diversity exists on its territory. About 370 species – trees, shrubs and sub-shrubs – have been established up until today. An overview of the species'diversity, woody formations and their distribution is presented. The data show that Bulgaria is characterised by a relatively rich dendroflora that needs appropriate close-to-nature management and measures for its conservation.
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Tashev, Alexander, Renate Höllriegl, and Manfred A. Fischer. "Pulsatilla styriaca (Ranunculaceae) is a new species for the Bulgarian flora, and conspecific with P. subslavica." Neilreichia 7 (December 21, 2015): 119–55. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.291986.
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<em>Pulsatilla styriaca (P. halleri subsp. styriaca)</em>, up to now considered endemic to Styria within Austria, is reported as new for the Bulgarian flora. Earlier, it had been identified as <em>P. halleri</em> s. str. <em>(P. halleri subsp. halleri)</em> because it is clearly different from <em>P. rhodopaea (P. halleri subsp. rhodopaea)</em> distributed in Bulgaria. The only three populations situated in western Sredna Gora (W Balkan mts.) are small and have been monitored during the period 1998–2013. Population sizes are decreasing and the species thus endangered in Bulgaria. By morphological (phytographical) evidence, using features of traditional <em>Pulsatilla</em> taxonomy, the differences between the Bulgarian and Styrian populations of <em>P. styriaca</em>, in respect to the variation amplitude, proved to be negligible. This taxon, however, turned out to be conspecific with <em>P. subslavica</em> distributed endemically in Slovakia. This is demonstrated by a comparative survey of Slovak specimens attributed to this species and specimens of <em>P. styriaca</em> from Styria. Consequently, <em>P. styriaca</em> is no longer endemic to Styria and Austria but exhibits a highly disjunct distribution range covering western central Slovakia, eastern Austria (Styria) and western Bulgaria. Bulgarian, Slovakian and Austrian habitats of this species are compared und the conservation status is discussed.
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Apostolova-Kuzova, Elena, Kiril Stoyanov, Tsvetanka Raycheva, and Samir Naimov. "Crocus speciosus (Iridaceae)—A New Species for the Bulgarian Flora." Plants 12, no. 4 (2023): 932. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12040932.
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This is the first report on the autumn-flowering species Crocus speciosus, belonging to C. ser. Speciosi from the Bulgarian flora. The species was found in Southeastern Bulgaria, in the area between Ahtopol and Rezovo. Re-examining the Bulgarian collections, the earliest specimen was collected in 1975, was probably overlooked, and most likely determined as C. pulchellus. The nearest known localities of the species are on the territory of Türkiye. In this study, we compared C. pulchellus and C. ibrahimii using DNA sequence data from the nuclear ITS1/2 region and morphological features. Our study showed a close relationship between the specimens from Bulgaria and the recently deposited data of C. speciosus and their separation from the closely related C. pulchellus. Together with the previously cited white anthers as a key feature for determination, the molecular data confirmed a clear distinction between the samples with white anthers in the two species. The morphological data of our taxon overlapped with the description of C. ibrahimii. The molecular data strongly supported the affiliation of C. speciosus s.l., but did not support the recognition of C. ibrahimii as a separate species and it should be referred to as a subspecies of C. speciosus subsp. ibrahimii Rukšāns.
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Yankova-Tsvetkova, Elina, Stoyan Stoyanov, Antonina Vitkova, and Ivanka Semerdjieva. "On the distribution of Helichrysum arenarium (l.) Moench (Asreraceae) in Bulgaria." ARPHA Conference Abstracts 2 (September 11, 2019): e46489. https://doi.org/10.3897/aca.2.e46489.
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<em>Helichrysum arenarium</em> (L.) Moench is herbaceous perennial plant belonging to Asteraceae family. The plant is well known in phytotherapy for its potential in the treatment of gallbladder disease and is classified as endangered in a number of European countries. In Bulgaria it is a protected species according to the Biodiversity Act (Annex 4) and is in the List of Species of Medicinal Plants under special regimen of conservation and use. The data on the distribution of <em>H. arenarium</em> in the Bulgarian flora have not been updated for more than 20 years. The aim of this study is to determine the current distribution of <em>H. arenarium</em> in Bulgaria on the basis of reviewing the available herbarium specimens in the Bulgarian herbariums, literature data, and personal collections. As a result, the locations of the species on the territory of the country were described and mapped. In Bulgaria <em>H. arenarium</em> is represented with only a few populations located in a limited area in the northeastern part of the country, in a narrow strip between the towns of Shumen and Varna.
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Ivanova, Daniella. "A New Species of Polystichum (Dryopteridaceae) to the Bulgarian Flora." Proceedings of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences 76, no. 6 (2023): 904–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.7546/crabs.2023.06.10.
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The fern species Polystichum braunii (Dryopteridaceae) is reported for the first time for the Bulgarian flora. It was discovered in a beech forest on the northern slopes of Western Balkan Range, above Varshets town, Montana district. The nearest known locality is in SW Romania. The article presents data on the morphology, distribution, population, habitat, ecology, and conservation status of P. braunii. The population is extremely small, vulnerable and of conservation concern in Bulgaria.
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Temniskova-Topalova, Dobrina, and Nadja Ognjanova-Rumenova. "Description, comparison and biostratigraphy of the nonmarine Neogene diatom floras from Southern Bulgaria." Geologica Balcanica 27, no. 1-2 (1997): 57–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.52321/geolbalc.27.1-2.57.
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The diatom flora from Neogene lake basins in South Bulgaria is summarized and analysed. It consists of 627 species, varieties and forms, wich are distributed as follows: 459 species, 141 varieties and 27 forms (with uncleared nomenclature are 32 species). The species are referred to 51 genera, 23 families, 7 orders and 2 classes. During the Late Miocene - Early Pliocene in the South Bulgarian basins two types of diatom floras developed: I. "Aulacoseira species" type (The floras from Gotse Delchev, Elhovo and Palakariya Basins) and II. "Actinocyclus species" type (The floras from Sofia and Karlovo Basins). Specific type for the Southbulgarian palaeobasins is the "Actinocyclus species" type. The Actinocyclus species as a component of the Miocene floras, are very widespread (China, Far East, Siberia, Europe and North America), but development during the Late Miocene of various species Actinocyclus massively overlapped was observed only in South Bulgaria and to some extent in the Balkan Peninsula.
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Radev, Zheko. "Comparing protein content of pollen and his impact on the lenght of life of honeybees." Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society 73, no. 1 (2022): 3835–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.25905.
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The objective of the research work was to compare the protein content of pollen from some plants visited frequently by honey bees in Bulgarian and Australian flora, and study the length of life of worker honey bees fed by pollen with different protein content. In this study the number of the same floral species, were described nine. Most number of favorite plants for honey bees are from Asteraceae – 5. The percentage of the total protein content in the compared bee-collected pollen grains ranged from: 11.5% for Chondrilla juncea to 25.1% for that of Brassica napus, and the average value was 18.5% for Bulgarian species, and 13.8% for Helianthus annuus to 25.9% for that of Trifolium repens, and the average value was 19.3% for Australian species. It is made a systematic comparison between Bulgarian and Australian protein content in pollen, but significant differences of the two groups were not found. Proteins are one of the the main components of honey bee-collected pollen, and can vary among different pollen plant species source. The very similar results in Bulgarian study compared to the published ones note the conservatism of pollen, despite the very long distance between Bulgaria and Australia, but having in mind if the Australian results come from inside country. It could be said that the honey bees in Bulgaria and Australia consume pollen with the same amount protein content from the same floral species. The length of live of worker bees ranged from 25 days when they consumed pollen from Brassica napus (25.1% protein content) to 14.3 days when they consumed pollen from Zea mays (17%). The present study was performed to make also a systematic comparison between length of life worker bees fed by pollen with different protein content and significant differences were found. The worker honey bees lived longer when they consumed pollen with higher protein content.
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Zahariev, Dimcho. "Opuntia fragilis (Nutt.) Haw. (Cactaceae) in the Bulgarian flora." Acta Scientifica Naturalis 10, no. 1 (2023): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/asn-2023-0004.
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Abstract Opuntia fragilis (Nutt.) Haw. (Cactaceae) is the smallest and most cold-hardy species of genus Opuntia in North America. In Bulgaria it is grown as an ornamental plant, but in 2019 a population of this species was discovered by other researchers in natural habitats in Lozenska Mt (Western Bulgaria) at 630–660 m a.s.l. on an area (extent of occurrence) of ca. 100 m2. In July 2020, we established a population of this species on the Black Sea coast near the town of Primorsko (Eastern Bulgaria) at 5 m a.s.l. on an area of ca. 300 m2. The distance between the two populations is 360 km in a straight line and their origins are independent of each other. The two localities of this species are so far the only ones described not only for the territory of Bulgaria, but also for Europe. Data are given on the conditions characterizing each of the localities. The possible reasons for the appearance in natural habitats of this alien plant species for the Bulgarian flora are considered. The impacts and threats this species may have on biodiversity in natural habitats are indicated. Measures have been proposed to control the populations of the species.
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Raycheva, Tsvetanka, Kiril Stoyanov, Samir Naimov, Elena Apostolova-Kuzova, and Yulian Marinov. "Crocus pallidus (Iridaceae)—A Neglected Species for the Bulgarian Flora and Critical Taxon in the Balkans." Plants 11, no. 5 (2022): 686. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11050686.
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For a long time, the Balkan endemic species Crocus pallidus has been unconfirmed and neglected for the flora of Bulgaria. It has remained an uncertain species from the Balkans, often listed as a synonym of C. weldenii. The morphological resemblance to the albinistic forms of C. chrysanthus has led to incorrect identification in the past, resulting in uncertainty regarding the distribution of this species in Bulgaria. In this regard, a detailed morphological and anatomical study of Bulgarian natural populations was carried out. A phylogenetic comparison in the ITS region of two Bulgarian populations of C. pallidus with other related species was conducted, revealing the distinction of C. pallidus populations from the closely related C. weldenii. The recently described new endemic species from Turkey, C. thracicus, shows very similar morphological and anatomical characteristics to C. pallidus and logically continues the distribution range in Eastern Thrace, along the Black Sea coast. We have a basis for suggesting that it should be treated as a synonym of C. pallidus.
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Delcheva, Malina, and Svetlana Bancheva. "Aethionema arabicum Andrz. ex DC (Cruciferae) in Bulgaria - in situ and ex situ conservation." Annual of Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski", Faculty of Biology, Book 2 – Botany 101 (2017): 80–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.60066/gsu.biofac.bot.101.80-88.
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Aethionema arabicum Andrz. ex DC is extremely rare species of the Bulgarian flora. It is included in the Biological Diversity Act of Bulgaria and in the Red Book of Bulgaria with category Critically Endangered. The species is distributed in Balkan Peninsula (Bulgaria and Turkey), Southwest Asia (Asia Minor, Syria, Northern Iran) and the Caucasus. The only population of A. arabicum known in Bulgaria is situated in Eastern Stara planina floristic region, near Sotirya village, Sliven district. The population consists of only a few dozen individuals. This study provides information on the biology and ecology of the species, its population structure and the measures taken to increase the population. Protected area was designated to preserve this species.
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Papp, Beáta, Rayna Natcheva, and Galin Gospodinov. "NEW BRYOPHYTE SPECIES IN THE BULGARIAN BRYOPHYTE FLORA." Acta Biologica Plantarum Agriensis 9, no. 1 (2021): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.21406/abpa.2021.9.1.67.
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Semerdjieva, Ivanka, Boryana Sidjimova, Elina Yankova-Tsvetkova, Milena Kostova, and Valtcho D. Zheljazkov. "Study on Galanthus species in the Bulgarian flora." Heliyon 5, no. 12 (2019): e03021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e03021.
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Stoyneva-Gärtner, Maya, and Blagoy Uzunov. "First application of a drone for studies of the biodiversity of Bulgarian extremophilic algae in the Marikostinovo thermal complex." Annual of Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski", Faculty of Biology, Book 2 – Botany 103 (2019): 5–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.60066/gsu.biofac.bot.103.5-37.
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The paper presents results from the first application of a drone in the studies of the biodiversity of extremophilic thermal algae in Bulgaria. The drone was used to choose the sampling sites in the Marikostinovo thermal complex (South-Western Bulgaria). From the eight samples chosen in this way, totally 54 algal taxa (except diatoms) were identified. As it was expected, a comparison between species composition of the collected samples (52) and that of the cultured at room temperature material (14) showed significant difference in the registered biodiversity with only seven algae found in both types of samples. Among all algae found, 3 genera and 17 species are new for Bulgaria, 48 taxa from 22 genera are new for the Marikostinovo thermal complex, and 35 species from 9 genera are new for the thermal flora of Bulgaria. In this way, the total number of algae recorded in Bulgarian thermal waters increased from 206 to 241, from which the current biodiversity of Marikostinovo (54 taxa) comprises 29%, and the total number of algae determined in the complex during the last hundred years became 70. Four of the species found during this study were declared as threatened in the Red List of Bulgarian microalgae (two Endangered and two Near Threatened). In the same time, 40 species are potential cyanotoxin-producers, which requires further studies of Bulgarian thermal waters in this aspect. All obtained results showed the great potential of application of drones in the studies related with biodiversity of extreme and vulnerable habitats, and threatened species as well.
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Krasteva, Liliya, Stefan Neykov, Nikolaya Velcheva, et al. "Inventorying and Collecting Local Genetic Resources from Vegetable Crops for Their Conservation and Targeted Use." АГРОЗНАЊЕ 14, no. 1 (2013): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.7251/agren1301097k.
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Inventory and collection of local plant genetic resources from Bulgarian and Chinese flora was carried out by implementing the bilateral research project between Bulgaria and China, with the focus on their preservation and targeted use. During the years 2011 and 2012 several expeditions in rural areas of South Bulgaria were conducted. The inventory of the areas was performed using a GPS system. The National collection was enriched with 134 local vegetable accessions and 98 valuable genotypes originating from China. Collected materials are listed in the National Register PHYTO'2000, according to international descriptors of FAO, ECP/GR and Biodiversity International. The accessions are included in the survey and stored in the National Genebank.
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Apostolova, Iva, Desislava Sopotlieva, Magdalena Valcheva, et al. "First Survey of the Vascular and Cryptogam Flora on Bulgaria’s Ancient Mounds." Plants 11, no. 5 (2022): 705. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11050705.
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This work represents the first study of the floristic diversity on Bulgaria’s ancient mounds. The objective of this research was to assess the importance of the mounds for the preservation of the native vascular and cryptogam flora. Our sampling design included 111 ancient mounds distributed throughout the country. We recorded a total of 1059 vascular plants, 58 bryophytes and 61 lichen taxa. Despite their small area, the mounds were shown to preserve nearly a quarter of the Bulgarian flora. The vegetation cover on the mounds included 61% perennials indicating a long-term persistence and stability. The majority (98%) of the established vascular plants were native species. Although the conservation significance of the vascular plant species were not common, we recorded 2 critically endangered, 9 endangered and 14 Balkan endemics during the present study. The lichen Arthopyrenia salicis was recorded for the first time in Bulgaria and a new locality of the rare bryophyte Ceratodon conicus was discovered. The established compositional difference between plots from the northern and southern slopes of the mounds (88.95%) is a testament to the high local habitat diversity. The prevalence of species characteristic for Festuco-Brometea suggests that the mounds preserve fragments of native grasslands and steppes. The variation in cover of agricultural and other human modified areas in the mounds’ immediate surroundings did not substantially affect their species richness. We argue that the ancient mounds should be taken into consideration in future green space planning.
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Raycheva, Tsvetanka, Kiril Stoyanov, Samir Naimov, and Elena Apostolova-Kuzova. "Crocus heuffelianus—A New Species for the Bulgarian Flora from Series Verni (Iridaceae)." Plants 12, no. 13 (2023): 2420. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12132420.
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In the Pirin Mountains, at an elevation of around 1000 m, three populations of a new species of Bulgarian flora from the genus Crocus, series Verni, were discovered. The species was compared to the morphologically related C. veluchensis, and presented with diagnostic morphological and anatomical features. Despite the high degree of morphological similarity, the molecular analysis, which included sequences from all related species (C. cvijicii, C. dalmaticus, C. jablanicensis, C. rujanensis, C. sieberi subsp. atticus, and C. veluchensis), distinguished the Pirin Mountains’ populations, and revealed the closest relationship to C. heuffelianus. Despite the C. heuffelianus/C. verni complex’s uncertain taxonomic status, our findings on the local population, based on morphometric, anatomical, molecular, and geographic analyses, indicate its belonging to the putative allotetraploid C. heuffelianus of south-eastern Europe and the Balkans, and an expansion of its range to the southeast. Given the taxonomic uncertainty and unclear phylogenetic relationships of the taxa in the Crocus vernus complex, we considered it appropriate to accept our taxon as Crocus heuffelianus. So far, only C. tommasinianus Herb. has been found in Bulgarian flora from the Crocus series Verni, but in terms of altitude and morphological features, the species from our collection is close to the Balkan endemic C. veluchensis, which belongs to the C. sieberi aggregate. Morphologically, it differs by the dark, heart-shaped spots on the tip of the tepals, and the presence of one bract. A detailed comparative anatomical analysis between the three species of crocuses from the series Verni in Bulgaria shows discrete differences: the width of the white stripe and lacunar area are good distinguishing features, as are the number of conducting vessels.
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Petrova, Antoaneta, Diana Venkova, and Irina Gerasimova. "Dactylorhiza kalopissii (Liliopsida: Orchidacea) in Bulgaria: Distribution and conservation status." ARPHA Conference Abstracts 2 (September 16, 2019): e46608. https://doi.org/10.3897/aca.2.e46608.
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The Balkan sub-endemic species <em>Dactylorhiza kalopissii </em>E. Nelson is distributed in Bulgaria, Greece and North Macedonia. It has a local distribution and inhabits alkaline fens, wet meadows, and mountain rivulet banks. This orchid is a globally endangered species, included in Annex IIb of the Council Directive 92/43 EEC. It was first reported for Bulgaria in 1991 and until 2008 it was known only from this single locality in the country. Here we summarize the recent data on the distribution of the species in Bulgaria, the population numbers and their fluctuation in time. During the period 2008 - 2019 the species was found in more than ten localities of six floristic regions. Populations usually number less than 250 individuals. For some of the populations, data from recurrent observations are provided. We discuss the habitats and their management. The negative changes of the habitat quality during the last years for some of the localities are described as well. The species was evaluated as CR B1ab (iii) + 2ab (iii) according to the Red List of Bulgarian vascular plants. We reevaluate the status based on the improved knowledge. The species is still Critically Endangered in Bulgaria, but В2ab (iii, v) status better corresponds with recent data. Five of the known localities fall within the boundaries of Natura 2000 SCIs.
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Bozukov, Vladimir, Latinka Hristova, and Boyko Ranguelov. "New data on the genus Cornus L. (Cornaceae) in the Bulgarian Miocene flora." Review of the Bulgarian Geological Society 83, no. 3 (2022): 145–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.52215/rev.bgs.2022.83.3.145.
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New data on the distribution of species of the genus Cornus on the territory of Bulgaria during the Miocene are presented. The species C. megaphylla was found for the first time in the middle Miocene flora from Satovcha (SW Bulgaria). So far, this species has been established in the middle Miocene flora from Ruzhintsi (NW Bulgaria). A revision of the species C. distans from the Satovcha paleoflora as Cornus aff. alba has also been made. A new finding of a leaf imprint from the Satovcha local paleoflora proves that the fossil material has the closest morphological features to the recent species C. alba.
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Lambevska-Hristova, Aneta, and Svetlana Bancheva. "Overview of the population state of Savin Juniper (Juniperus sabina) in the Rila Mt." ARPHA Conference Abstracts 2 (September 16, 2019): e46499. https://doi.org/10.3897/aca.2.e46499.
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<em>Juniperus sabina</em> L. is a rare plant species protected by the Biological Diversity Law in Bulgaria. It is included in the Red List of Bulgarian Vascular plants (Petrova and Vladimirov 2009) and the Red Data Book of Republic of Bulgaria under the "Critically Endangered" category (Peev et al. 2015). The shrub communities with the participation of the Savin juniper are considered as priority habitats in the Alpine and Boreal heaths on the territory of the European community. They are included in the national lists of protected habitats in the Bulgarian Biodiversity Law and in the Habitats Directive (92/43/EEC). In the Rila Mt. to date there is only one known habitat of the shrub communities of <em>J. sabina</em>, in the area between Beli Iskar Village and along Cherni Iskar River, at 1000–1200 m elevation. Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the population state of<em> J. sabina,</em> to evaluate the presence of serious threats contributing to long-term habitat degradation, and to design actions for the protection and long-term restoration of the shrub communities of Savin juniper. Material and methods: The route and stationary methods were used for selected objects. The monitoring and assessment of the population status has been carried out in accordance with the approved methodologies of the National Biodiversity Monitoring System of the Executive Environment Agency (EEA 2019). Results: According to the classic syntaxonomic classification, the <em>J. sabina </em>communities in the Rila Mt. belong to the class <em>Vaccinium-Piceetea excelsae</em>. They represent very rare, relict communities including several interesting plants and high fungal diversity and a number of rare, and sensitive species recorded by this study. In the Rila Mt. communities with Savin juniper are very small and of limited distribution. The potential of the species to spread to other localities or to conquer new territories is extremely low. One of the most threatening factors is overgrazing. In addition, traces of illegal camping and pollution with construction and municipal waste were found. Conclusion: The results of this study could provide support for better management and the conservation of biodiversity in the Rila Mt.
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Lambevska-Hristova, Aneta, and Svetlana Bancheva. "Populations state of selected communities of Juniperus communis(Common Juniper)in Vitosha Mt., Bulgaria." ARPHA Conference Abstracts 2 (September 17, 2019): e46648. https://doi.org/10.3897/aca.2.e46648.
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<em>Juniperus communis</em> L. formations on heaths or calcareous grassland are included in the Bulgarian Biological Diversity Act (code 5130) and some of them are covered by the European Ecological Network Natura 2000 in Bulgaria. Aim: The purpose of this work is to investigate the status of selected communities with the participation of <em>J</em><em>.</em><em> communis</em> in the Special Areas of Conservation (SAC) "Vitosha" with an emphasis on the species richness of plants and fungi and the impact of natural and anthropogenic factors. Material and methods: The survey was conducted between May and September 2019. Habitat 5130 covers an area of 19.27 ha in the territory of SAC "Vitosha". For the purpose of this study is crawled throughout the mountain where it is registered. The route and stationary methods were used for selected objects. Reporting plots were installed in 5 places, each with an area of 100 sq.m. For the assessment of the state of <em>J</em><em>.</em><em> communis</em>' communities and the influencing factors the appropriate Methodology used for the establishment of the national Natura 2000 network in Bulgaria was applied (Zingstra et al. 2009). Results: A remarkable species richness of plants and fungi was found in the selected communities of Common Juniper at SAC "Vitosha". A new lignicolous species for the Bulgarian mycota, <em>Peniophora junipericola </em>J. Erikss<em> </em>on single host <em>J. communis</em>, was found. The explored plant communities were in good condition and have not been established factors threatening their existence. Conclusion: The habitat occurs at various altitudes and includes species with various ecological characteristics. A tendency for restoration and increasing of the areas covered by the Common juniper has been observed recently as a result of abandonment of arable land.
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Stoev, Pavel, Zdravko Hubenov, Anna Ganeva, Gergin Blagoev, and Boris Barov. "Biodiversity of Bulgaria: Characteristics, protection and trends." Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 6 (September 30, 2022): e95683. https://doi.org/10.3897/biss.6.95683.
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Bulgaria is a medium-sized country located in the eastern part of the Balkan Peninsula. It hosts a rich mycota, flora and fauna, and quite well preserved natural and semi-natural ecosystems. This is mostly due to the country's geographic position between the temperate and subtropical zones, the complex geological history, and the big topographic variety. The high species diversity and endemism determine the high conservation value of Bulgarian biodiversity.The Bulgarian flora consist of more than 4,100 species, including more than 45 species of ferns, 250 species of mosses, and 2,800 higher plant species. The animals established in the country belong to 28 phyla and 75 classes. Vertebrates (858 species) comprise 2.7% of the Bulgarian fauna: 242 fishes and fish-like taxa; 24 amphibians; 40 reptiles; 452 birds; and 101 mammal species. Invertebrates account for more than 31,000 species. Over the past 25 years the number of known animals in the country has increased by over 4,500 species: from 29,000 in 1996 to 33,545 species in 2020. The total number of endemic animals is about 1,400 (4.2%). In some groups, the percentage of endemism is very high (95.5% of snails from the family Hydrobiidae and 71% of Clausiliidae; 53.6% of Diplopoda; 50.0% of terrestrial Isopoda). The richest endemic areas in Bulgaria are mostly in the mountains: Rila Mt.- 268, Pirin Mt. - 220, Western Stara Planina Mt. - 184, Western Rhodopes Mts - 183, and the Central Stara Planina Mt. – 181. Molecular data for Bulgarian animals is still insufficient, although Bulgaria ranks among the top 10 European countries in the proportion of the DNA-barcoded animal taxa; sequence coverage of animal specimens in Barcode of Life data System (BOLD) amounts to approximately 36,000 sequences from more than 7,100 Barcode index numbers (BINs).Bulgaria is part of large-scale initiatives of the European research infrastructure such as the Distributed System of Scientific Collections (DiSSCo) and the MOBILISE COST Action, with mass digitization of museum collections currently underway.Legislation to protect nature in Bulgaria dates back to the end of the 19<sup>th</sup> century and covers forestry (1890), the protection of certain species (1890's) and hunting (1897). Organized civil movements resulted in the establishment of the Union of Nature Protection (1928), the designation of several nature reserves (1933), and the first National Park (1934). More specific regulation followed with Ordinance for the Protection of Nature (1936). The Red Data Book of Bulgaria was published as early as 1984 (vol. 1, Plants) and 1985 (vol. 2, Animals), with a second updated edition in 2011. Bulgaria is also among the first countries to prepare a National Strategy for Biodiversity Protection (1993, adopted in 1998) following the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) process. Since then, several national plans for protection of biodiversity have been adopted including assessments of the threats, objectives, and measures for their achievement. According to recent references, such as the Red Data Book (Beshkov 2011) and the Article 17 reports of 2014 and 2020, the main threats to biodiversity in Bulgaria at the beginning of the 21st century have been human induced degradation: fragmentation and loss of habitats; industrial, agricultural and household waste pollution; direct exploitation of biological resources; genetic ingression and invasive alien species; and global climate change effects. A set of drivers for the loss of biodiversity is related to agriculture and land management, including the whole spectrum from intensification to the abandonment of traditional land, and wetland management practices.
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PAVLOVA, DOLJA. "A new species of Aethionema (Brassicaceae) from the Bulgarian flora." Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 155, no. 4 (2007): 533–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2007.00722.x.
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Tashev, Alexander, and Evgenia Pancheva. "Conservation importance of the melliferous plants of the Bulgarian flora." Chornomorski Botanical Journal 7, no. 2 (2011): 103–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.14255/2308-9628/11.72/1.
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Anchev, Mincho E. "Karyological variation and taxonomical notes onErysimumL. (Brassicaceae) in Bulgarian flora." Giornale botanico italiano 129, no. 1 (1995): 94–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/11263509509436108.
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MARINOV, YULIAN, and STOYAN STOYANOV. "Reappraisal of Campanula rotundifolia var. bulgarica Nejceff—a neglected taxon from Central Stara Planina Mountain, Bulgaria." Phytotaxa 329, no. 1 (2017): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.329.1.4.
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Campanula rotundifolia var. bulgarica Nejceff, a neglected taxon in the Bulgarian flora with currently uncertain status, was collected and studied at its locus classicus in the Sokolna (Koru Dere) Reserve of Central Stara Planina Mountain. A detailed morphological analysis of Nejceff’s original material and other related species clearly indicates that this is a distinct taxonomic entity worthy of species rank. Campanula nejceffii, stat. nov. is distinguished by a combination of its pubescent habit, ovoid to elliptic-lanceolate cauline leaves, clearly spreading to reflexed narrowly triangular-lanceolate calyx teeth, erect buds and flowers. Complete species description and comparison with selected species in the C. rotundifolia group are given. The lectotypes of two taxa—C. rotundifolia var. bulgarica Nejceff and C. rotundifolia subsp. neicevii f. pirinica Stoj. & Acht. are designated by the authors.
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Kaninski, Andrei I., Ivanka Ivanova, Sergey Bistrichanov, Nadejda Zapryanova, Bistra Atanassova, and Elena T. Iakimova. "Ex situ conservation of endangered Limonium species in the Bulgarian flora." Journal of Fruit and Ornamental Plant Research 20, no. 1 (2012): 115–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10290-012-0009-5.
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ABSTRACT Native populations of endemic, rare and threatened Limonium species (L. meyeri, L. bulgaricum, L. latifolium, L. vulgare, L. asterotrichum and L. gmelinii) in Bulgaria were monitored and found seriously declined. To preserve these wild genotypes, an approach involving in vitro propagation of explants isolated from immature inflorescence stems was applied at the Institute of Ornamental Plants, Sofia. The rooted plantlets produced were acclimated and grown outdoors under an optimized cultivation regime, which resulted in the establishment of an ex situ plantation. Plant performance ex situ (determined by leaf rosette diameter, plant height and the number of flower stems) was substantially improved and the variation in the biometric indices was found remarkably lower than in natural environment. The developmental stages of ex situ plants appeared with a delay in relation to their onset in the native environment, but occurred synchronously within each species. Analysis of germination of seeds harvested from ex situ and in situ grown plants showed species-specific behaviour, but in general, seed vitality remained relatively low in laboratory conditions, in the soil and in vitro. In order to assess the potential for protecting the native Limonium species from uncontrolled harvesting, the possibility for the production of cut flowers in ex situ conditions was studied. High yield of cut flowers from ex situ plants in comparison with the potential yield from the wild plants and extended vase life in comparison with commercially produced Limonium sinuatum were obtained. The results demonstrated that the applied micropropagation and agrotechnique for protected cultivation are reliable tools for ex situ conservation of the endangered Limonium genotypes in the Bulgarian flora. In addition to its advantage as a rescue measure, the developed system was shown to be suitable for obtaining cut flowers of competitive market quality.
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Spetsov, Penko, Dragomir Plamenov, and Vanya Kiryakova. "Distribution and characterization of Aegilops and Triticum species from the Bulgarian Black Sea coast." Open Life Sciences 1, no. 3 (2006): 399–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11535-006-0027-1.
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AbstractA total of 158 Aegilops-Triticum samples representing six Aegilops species (one diploid, four tetraploid and one hexaploid) and one diploid Triticum were collected along the Bulgarian Black Sea coast, and their distribution on the 350 km long coastal line was reported. The region south of Kamchia river, accepted as the middle point of the coast, was characterized by the greatest diversity of these wild relatives of wheat. The most widely distributed species in this area was Ae. geniculata. Ae. cylindrica was distributed only in north (Durankulak), while Ae. biuncialis and Ae. triuncialis were collected both north and south of Kamchia river. All samples of Ae. neglecta were hexaploid. Natural hybrids of goatgrass and wheat were found in Ae. cylindrica populations. Triticum monococcum ssp. aegilopoides had limited distribution in the south region. Aegilops uniaristata was recorded as a new species for the Bulgarian flora. Most of the samples expressed resistance to powdery mildew in seedling and adult stage, but all of them were polymorphic regarding the resistance to leaf rust (cultures 73760 and 43763). The study revealed additional data for the distribution of Aegilops and Triticum species in Bulgaria and their potential value as genetic resources in wheat improvement.
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Zahariev, Dimcho. "Opuntia humifusa (Raf.) Raf. (Cactaceae) in the Bulgarian flora." Acta Scientifica Naturalis 10, no. 3 (2023): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/asn-2023-0019.
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Abstract Opuntia humifusa (Raf.) Raf. is included in the List of Top 10 of the worst invasive alien plant species in Bulgaria. This is the fastest spreading species of the four species of the Opuntia genus found so far in natural habitats in Bulgaria. In the period 2010-2023, 3 new localities of the species were established in 3 new floristic regions of Bulgaria: Black Sea Coast (North), Stara Planina (East) and Strandzha Mountain. They describe the northernmost and easternmost distribution limits of the species in Bulgaria. The described localities are different in area: from 0.08 ha to 21.11 ha. The characteristics of the abiotic environment are presented such as: slope, exposure, elevation, bedrock, soil, climatic region and subregion. The habitats in which individuals of the species are found are indicated. Accompanying plant species were studied. The spatial structure of O. humifusa populations was studied. The reasons for the appearance and spread of this invasive alien plant species in territories that have not been inhabited by it until now have been examined, considering that these reasons are not natural, but have an anthropogenic character. Our findings support the opinions of other researchers about the key role of nature lovers in the spread of this invasive species. Factors favoring the increase in population size in established localities are indicated. Methods have been proposed to control the spread of the species.
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Vladimirov, Vladimir, Svetlana Bancheva, and Daniella Ivanova. "Contribution to the Knowledge of Pontechium maculatum(Boraginaceae), a Species of High Conservation Concern in the Bulgarian Flora." Proceedings of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences 76, no. 2 (2023): 203–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.7546/crabs.2023.02.04.
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Pontechium maculatum (Boraginaceae) is a species of high conservation concern in the Bulgarian flora. It is assigned a national IUCN category ‘Vulnerable’, legally protected according to the national Biological Diversity Act, and listed in Annex II of the Habitats Directive (Council Directive 92/43/EEC). Recent studies in one of the largest populations in the country revealed some new data about the species which are reported here. The population studied is situated in Mt Lozenska, Mt Sredna Gora (Western) floristic region. Relevant taxonomic literature states that P. maculatum is a biennial plant, however, our observations revealed the plants in Mt Lozenska are perennial (possibly short-lived). A great variation in the corolla-colour was observed, most plants having bluish to violet corolla and only a few – reddish to dark red. This can be explained by either natural variation in the population, not reported in the taxonomic literature so far, or by hybridisation with Echium vulgare which cooccurs in the same locality. Large fluctuation in the number of flowering plants in two consecutive years was recorded, with some 180 blooming specimens in 2019 and only about 25 in 2020. Studies in the genome size of this population revealed the plants have significantly higher DNA-content (1C-value) than plants from the typical populations of the species in Northeast Bulgaria floristic region, e.g. Kabiyushka Mogila locality. Further biosystematics studies(chromosome number, genome size, genetic studies, etc.) are currently in progress to explain the observed phenomena within the Bulgarian populations of P. maculatum.
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Peycheva, Stela K., Elisaveta G. Apostolova, Zhivko L. Peychev, Petya A. Gardjeva, Mihaela S. Shishmanova-Doseva, and Marianna A. Murdjeva. "Oral Microbial Flora in Bulgarian Adolescents with Moderate Plaque-induced Gingivitis." Folia Medica 61, no. 4 (2019): 522–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/folmed.61.e47734.
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Introduction: In children and adolescents, the most common periodontal disease is the plaque-induced gingivitis.Aim: The aim of this study was to reveal the bacterial species associated with supragingival plaque of Bulgarian adolescents diagnosed with plaque-induced gingivitis.Materials and methods: Supragingival plaque samples from 70 healthy subjects with moderate plaque-induced gingivitis (37 females and 33 males), aged 12-18 years, were obtained and examined microbiologically.Results: A total of 224 microorganisms were isolated. Gram-negative bacteria were predominant compared to Gram-positive [132 (59%) vs. 92 (41%), p<0.001]. Aerobic microorganisms were detected more often than anaerobic (151; 67.5% vs. 73; 32.5%, p<0.001). The Streptococcus mutans group and Neisseria spp. were isolated from all adolescents. The frequency of isolation of C. albicans was relatively lower &ndash; 11 (15.7%). The anaerobes showed much greater microbial diversity (12 pathogen groups were isolated). Gram-negative rods were isolated from 57 of the adolescents (isolation frequency 81.4%). F. varium, P. melaninogenica, P. intermedia and P. assacharolyticus were detected respectively in 12 (16%), 9 (12%), 8 (11%) and 7 (10%) samples. The less frequently isolated anaerobes were Gram-positive cocci, Gram-negative cocci, Bacteroides uniformis and Bifidobacterium spp. together.Conclusion: The most frequently isolated microbiota in our study is part of the normal oral bacterial flora. The presence of anaerobes such as Prevotella, Fusobacterium, Bacteroides and Porphyromonas reflects the gradual change of the flora to more complex one. The results of quantitative and qualitative evaluation of the plaque of adolescents with moderate plaque-induced gingivitis may contribute to the selection of the prevention and treatment of this disease.
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Stoyanov, Stoyan, Vladimir Vladimirov, Svetlana Bancheva, and Georgi Gogushev. "Sisyrinchium rosulatum (Iridaceae), a new alien species to the Bulgarian flora." BioInvasions Records 12, no. 2 (2023): 493–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.3391/bir.2023.12.2.13.
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Apostolova, Elena, Krasimir Todorov, Ivanka Dimitrova-Dyulgerova, et al. "Analysis of the sequence of ITS1 and ITS2 regions of Three Mentha species." Plant Genetic Resources 15, no. 6 (2016): 563–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479262116000289.
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AbstractMentha (Nepetoideae, Lamiaceae) is a taxonomically complex genus consisting of 29 species and 11 different hybrids including a number of economically important species among them medical plants used for more than 250 years. Because of its high incidence of polyploidy, diverse morphology, high degree of chromosome number variations and interspecies hybridization, Mentha is considered to be a taxonomical challenge. In this paper, we describe cloning and sequencing of internal transcribed spacers (ITS) 1 and 2 of three mint species: Mentha aquatic L., Mentha longifolia L. (Huds) and Mentha piperita L., collected from natural habitats of Bulgaria. The applicability of ITS1 and ITS2 for molecular fingerprinting and further comparative studies, including the newly obtained ITS1 and ITS2 sequences, was tested in phylogenetic analysis of all eight Mentha species, found in Bulgarian flora.
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Ilieva, Iliana. "Specific epithet – a noun in the genitive case." Biotechnology and Bioprocessing 1, no. 2 (2020): 01–03. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2766-2314/009.
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The current article is included in the larger research “The linguistic structure of binomial botanical denominations– specific epithet”, based on “Conspectus of the Bulgarian vascular flora”, fourth revised and updated edition, Sofia, 2012, and deals with a less common type of specific epithets - nouns in the genitive case. The epithets are organized alphabetically in several groups according to their semantic.
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Iliana Alexandrova Ilieva. "Specific botanical epithets meaning coloration." World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences 20, no. 1 (2024): 378–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjbphs.2024.20.1.0743.
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The article is focused on the specific botanical epithets (adjectives and participles) meaning coloration. The types of adjectives by composition and their terminological use are examined. A short etymological note accompanies every adjective and all binomial denominations are presented in which the adjective participates as a specific epithet. The research is based on the "Conspectus of the Bulgarian vascular flora", Sofia, 2012.
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Radoukova, Tzenka, Ivanka Semerdjieva, and Valtcho D. Zheljazkov. "A Comparative Morphological and Anatomical Study of Juniperus communis L., J. sibirica Burgsd., and J. pygmaea K. Koch from Bulgaria." Plants 13, no. 17 (2024): 2419. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants13172419.
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Of the six juniper species found in the Bulgarian flora, three of the species have controversial taxonomic positions. Juniperus pygmaea K. Koch and J. sibirica Burgsd. exhibit similar morphological characteristics to J. communis L. in terms of leaves and female cones (galbuli). This is one of the reasons why, in the recent taxonomic developments, J. pygmaea and J. sibirica were united in a common variety of J. communis, namely, J. communis var. saxatilis. However, such a grouping of species in the Flora of Bulgaria has not been adopted. This study aimed to evaluate the degrees of similarity or difference in the structure of the leaves, galbuli, seeds, and pollen of J. communis, J. sibirica, and J. pygmaea using the methods of comparative anatomy by light microscope (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations and complex morphological measurements. The working hypothesis of this study was that the three species would show a different degree of similarity with each other, which would clarify their taxonomic rank. The morphological parameters revealed differences between the length/width ratio of galbuli and seed length of the three species, while leaf characteristics (length and width) showed a stronger resemblance between J. sibirica and J. pygmaea. Furthermore, a greater distinction between the leaves and galbili of J. communis and J. sibirica was found. The SEM analyses showed variations in the seed shape and spermoderm among the three species. The shape of J. communis seeds was oval and elongated, while J. pygmaea seeds were pear-shaped, and J. sibirica seeds were triangular-rhombic. The length and height of striations were diverse on seed spermoderm in the three species. The epicuticular waxes of leaves, located on the tips of the anticlinal walls of the elongated epidermal cells in J. pygmaea and J. communis, were oval, while they formed raised comb-like crystals in J. sibirica. The morphological, anatomical, and SEM analysis affirmed the accepted taxonomic status of J. communis and J. sibirica as independent species within the Bulgarian flora. Based on most of the analyzed parameters, J. pygmaea exhibits significant similarity with J. sibirica. Additionally, the similar habitats of these two species support the determination of J. pygmaea as a variety or form of J. sibirica rather than J. communis (J. sibirica forma pygmaea).
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Isheva, Tsvetelina, and Plamen Ivanov. "Epilithic diatom flora from sub-Mediterranean intermittent rivers in Bulgaria during two hydrological periods." Botanica Serbica 40, no. 2 (2016): 153–60. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.162213.
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The paper presents the first floristic data on diatoms from sub-Mediterranean intermittent rivers in Bulgaria, located within the four largest river basins (Struma, Arda, Maritsa and Tundzha), which drain into the Aegean Sea. A total of 90 epilithic diatom samples were collected from 37 rivers at 50 sites during normal-flow and low-flow seasons. Altogether, 281 species, varieties and forms from 71 genera were identified, almost half of which (138 taxa) were recorded with relative abundance below 1%. Two hundred and forty-six taxa (87% of the total number) were identified during normal-flow periods, while 195 taxa (69%) were identified during low-flow periods. Diatoms recorded only during normal-flow periods were ones common for riverine environments, while in low-flow periods taxa characteristic of stagnant waters, intermittently wet habitats or such habitats with high electrolyte content (brackish habitats) were present. Four taxonomically unclear taxa (Achanthidium cf. affine, Achnanthidium cf. nanum, Psammothidium cf. grischunum and Psammothidium cf. rossii) are discussed in terms of their morphometrics, distribution and autecology; LM micrographs of these species are provided. Eleven taxa are new records for the Bulgarian diatom flora.
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Bancheva, Svetlana, Vladimir Vladimirov, Irina Boycheva та Georgi Bonchev. "First data on DNA barcoding of representatives of the genus Cеntaurea s.l. (Asteraceae) from Bulgaria". ARPHA Conference Abstracts 5 (5 липня 2022): e89469. https://doi.org/10.3897/aca.5.e89469.
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The genus <i>Centaurea</i> s.l. is one of the richest and most taxonomically complex of the Asteraceae family. It includes between 400 and 700 species, of which more than 70 are found in Bulgaria – a territory considered as one of the secondary centers of speciation of the genus. There is a large number of endemics (Bulgarian and Balkan) with endemism reaching up to 50% in some groups, such as <i>Cyanus</i> gr. Due to the ongoing active speciation in the Balkans, the boundaries between closely related taxa cannot be easily established based entirely on morphological features. DNA barcoding is cost-efficient and reliable approach for identifying and retrieving previously known species with the potential to accelerate the discovery of new plant species. Despite the huge potential of the method, no any Bulgarian population from this genus has been barcoded so far. The present study presents the first DNA barcoding data of 11 species of the genus <i>Centaurea</i> s.l. from 12 populations based on four regions – ITS, matK, rbcL and trnH-psbA. The first three DNA barcodes are promising whereas the trnH-psbA has somewhat lower resolution. The preliminary results suggest that the '<i>Cyanus</i>' group is well separated from the '<i>Centaurea</i> s.str.' group which corresponds well to their treatment as different subgenera or genera. Within '<i>Cyanus</i>', grouping of taxa corresponds well to the morphology of the species. Within '<i>Centaurea</i> s.str.', although a relatively low number of species has been included, grouping of taxa in most cases is congruent with the morphological characters. However, there are some incongruent tree topologies which should be investigated further both by repeating the extraction and sequencing of the samples, and by addition of new, presumably closely related species in the study.
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Glogov, Plamen. "Study on the relict flora of Lozenska Mountain." Silva Balcanica 21, no. 1 (2020): 5–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/silvabalcanica.21.e54625.
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The purpose of this study is to make an inventory of the relicts in the flora of Lozenska Mt., to clarify their origin, taxonomical, ecological and phytogeographical structure and to evaluate their role for the formation of the contemporary flora and vegetation, economic uses and measures for their con- servation. The study was conducted in the period 2017-2019. In order to cover the maximum area and different ecological niches, the sampling was conducted using the transect method. The surveyed territory and its two geographic regions, north-west and south-east, were divided into four sub re- gions (parts) and 19 transects were used for possible comparisons. The biology and ecology of the relict plants was made, thus allowing to group the species in biological and ecological groups, based on life forms, floristic and phytogeographical elements, synanthropy and economic uses. As a result, 61 species and three subspecies, belonging to 48 genera and 35 families, were identified as relict taxa. These number represent 7.4% of the whole flora of Lozenska Mt. (823 species) and 17.6% of the relict species in Bulgarian flora. Tertiary were 93.4% of the mountain&rsquo;s relicts. The families with the richest number of relict species were Salicaceae (9 species) and Ranunculaceae (4 species). The genera with the largest number of relict species were Salix (5 species) and Populus (4 species). The most relicts (73.7% from their total number on the territory of the mountain) were registered in the south-west part of the mountain, while the smallest number (52.5%) was found in its north-east and south-east parts. The phanerophytes (dominated by the threes) prevailed with more than 60%, followed by the hemicryptophytes (16.4%) and geophytes (13.1%). Most of the relicts on the territory of the Lozenska Mt. have Euroasiatic (17.7%) and sub-Mediterranean (17.7%) origin. The established relicts are pre- dominantly heliophytes (61.3%), mesotherms (86.9%) and mesophytes (59.0%). Each of the studied species is a plant with economic benefits: forestry (36.1%), non-wood resources (88.5%) or ornamental uses (54.1%). Salix caprea and Polygonatum odoratum are included in the Bulgarian Biodiversity Act (2002). The other relict species fall under provisions of different laws, such as the Medicinal plants Act, Forestry Act, Biodiversity Act, including NATuRA 2000 legislative base.
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Ivan, Kirjakov, and Velichkova Katya. "WOLFFIA GLOBOSA (ROXBURGH) HARTOG ET PLAS (LEMNACEAE): A NEW SPECIES IN BULGARIAN FLORA." Journal of Biological & Scientific Opinion 1, no. 4 (2013): 356–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.7897/2321-6328.01416.
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STOYANOV, STOYAN, TATIANA OSTROUMOVA, GALINA DEGTJAREVA, and TAHIR SAMIGULLIN. "Seseli besserianum (Apiaceae), a restored species and a replacement name for Seseli peucedanifolium Besser." Phytotaxa 458, no. 2 (2020): 120–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.458.2.1.
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The taxonomic status of Seseli peucedanifolium Besser, a little-known and neglected species in the Bulgarian flora, has been revisited. The study of its morphology, fruit anatomy and sequence data (ITS and ETS) revealed that it should not be treated at infraspecific rank under S. rigidum or synonymized with S. tortuosum or S. arenarium. Seseli besserianum nom. nov. is herein proposed as a replacement name for S. peucedanifolium Besser, a later homonym of S. peucedanifolium Mérat.
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Glogov, Plamen. "Study on the relict flora of Lozenska Mountain." Silva Balcanica 21, no. (1) (2020): 5–28. https://doi.org/10.3897/silvabalcanica.21.e54625.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study is to make an inventory of the relicts in the flora of Lozenska Mt., to clarify their origin, taxonomical, ecological and phytogeographical structure and to evaluate their role for the formation of the contemporary flora and vegetation, economic uses and measures for their con- servation. The study was conducted in the period 2017-2019. In order to cover the maximum area and different ecological niches, the sampling was conducted using the transect method. The surveyed territory and its two geographic regions, north-west and south-east, were divided into four sub re- gions (parts) and 19 transects were used for possible comparisons. The biology and ecology of the relict plants was made, thus allowing to group the species in biological and ecological groups, based on life forms, floristic and phytogeographical elements, synanthropy and economic uses. As a result, 61 species and three subspecies, belonging to 48 genera and 35 families, were identified as relict taxa. These number represent 7.4% of the whole flora of Lozenska Mt. (823 species) and 17.6% of the relict species in Bulgarian flora. Tertiary were 93.4% of the mountain’s relicts. The families with the richest number of relict species were Salicaceae (9 species) and Ranunculaceae (4 species). The genera with the largest number of relict species were <em>Salix </em>(5 species) and <em>Populus </em>(4 species). The most relicts (73.7% from their total number on the territory of the mountain) were registered in the south-west part of the mountain, while the smallest number (52.5%) was found in its north-east and south-east parts. The phanerophytes (dominated by the threes) prevailed with more than 60%, followed by the hemicryptophytes (16.4%) and geophytes (13.1%). Most of the relicts on the territory of the Lozenska Mt. have Euroasiatic (17.7%) and sub-Mediterranean (17.7%) origin. The established relicts are pre- dominantly heliophytes (61.3%), mesotherms (86.9%) and mesophytes (59.0%). Each of the studied species is a plant with economic benefits: forestry (36.1%), non-wood resources (88.5%) or ornamental uses (54.1%). <em>Salix caprea </em>and <em>Polygonatum odoratum </em>are included in the Bulgarian Biodiversity Act (2002)<em>. </em>The other relict species fall under provisions of different laws, such as the Medicinal plants Act, Forestry Act, Biodiversity Act, including NATuRA 2000 legislative base.
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Yankova, Elina, Petka Grancharova, and Rozalia Nikolova. "On the Reproductive Biology of Alkanna tinctoria (Boraginaceae)." Proceedings of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences 75, no. 7 (2022): 1000–1008. http://dx.doi.org/10.7546/crabs.2022.07.08.
Full textAbstract:
In the present study main parameters of reproductive biology as features of embryological structures and processes as well as the pollen and seed viability of Alkanna tinctoria, an endangered useful species of Bulgarian flora were established. In its studied Bulgarian populations pollen viability above 90% and seed viability – between 32% and 64% were determined. The anthers are tetrasporangiate and their wall develops according to Dicotyledonous-type, consisting of an epidermis, fibrous endothecium, an ephemeral middle layer and secretory tapetum. The microsporogenesis is simultaneous and in the anthers tetrahedral and isobilateral microspore tetrads are formed. The mature pollen is threecelled at shedding stage. The ovule is anatropous, teniunucellate, unitegmic. Embryo sac (ES) develops according to the Polygonum (monosporic)-type. The embryo development follows the Asterad-type. The endosperm in the mature seeds has been completely consumed. As a result of the present study A. tinctoria is characterized as a sexually reproducing species.
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Raycheva, Tsvetanka, and Kiril Stoyanov. "Seed characterisation and micromorphology of taxa of the genus Crocus (Iridaceae) in Bulgarian flora." Historia naturalis bulgarica 47, no. 1 (2025): 1–17. https://doi.org/10.48027/hnb.47.011.
Full textAbstract:
The morphology of seeds and SEM structure of epicuticular formations of the seed testa of 14 species of Crocus genus known so far for Bulgaria have been studied. The results have demonstrated great diversity. This study provided additional characteristics for the taxonomy of the crocuses that would be particularly useful for distinguishing some morphologically similar and critical species. A great diversity has been observed in the sculpturing pattern of the seed surface in the taxa studied. Discreet characters relevant to Crocus taxonomy have been revealed. The established differences in the microsurface structures correspond to differences in the metric and qualitative characteristics of the seeds in the studied taxa. Some of the investigated species of the genus Crocus in Bulgaria have been investigated for the first time by seed morphology. It follows from the obtained results that the morphological characteristics of the seeds are closely related to the taxonomy of the genus. As a result of the research, we proposed an analytical key for the recognition of the characteristics of the seeds.
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Raycheva, Tsvetanka, and Kiril Stoyanov. "Seed characterisation and micromorphology of taxa of the genus Crocus (Iridaceae) in Bulgarian flora." Historia naturalis bulgarica 47, no. 1 (2025): 1–17. https://doi.org/10.48027/hnb.47.011.
Full textAbstract:
The morphology of seeds and SEM structure of epicuticular formations of the seed testa of 14 species of Crocus genus known so far for Bulgaria have been studied. The results have demonstrated great diversity. This study provided additional characteristics for the taxonomy of the crocuses that would be particularly useful for distinguishing some morphologically similar and critical species. A great diversity has been observed in the sculpturing pattern of the seed surface in the taxa studied. Discreet characters relevant to Crocus taxonomy have been revealed. The established differences in the microsurface structures correspond to differences in the metric and qualitative characteristics of the seeds in the studied taxa. Some of the investigated species of the genus Crocus in Bulgaria have been investigated for the first time by seed morphology. It follows from the obtained results that the morphological characteristics of the seeds are closely related to the taxonomy of the genus. As a result of the research, we proposed an analytical key for the recognition of the characteristics of the seeds.