To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Bulimia.
Journal articles on the topic 'Bulimia'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Bulimia.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Fichter, M. M., N. Quadflieg, and W. Rief. "Course of multi-impulsive bulimia." Psychological Medicine 24, no. 3 (August 1994): 591–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291700027744.
Full textAbstract:
SynopsisThirty-two consecutively admitted females with bulimia nervosa (purging type) according to DSM-IV and additional impulsive behaviours (multi-impulsive bulimia (MIB)) and 32 age-matched female controls with DSM-IV bulimia nervosa (purging type) (uni-impulsive bulimia (UIB)) were assessed longitudinally on admission and at discharge following in-patient therapy and at a 2-year follow-up. Multi-impulsive bulimics were defined as presenting at least three of the six of the following impulsive behaviours in their life-time in addition to their bulimic symptoms at admission: (a) suicidal attempts, (b) severe autoaggression, (c) shop lifting (other than food), (d) alcohol abuse, (e) drug abuse, or (f) sexual promiscuity. Multi-impulsive bulimics were more frequently separated or divorced, had less schooling and held less-skilled jobs. Except for interoceptive awareness (EDI), which was more disturbed in multi-impulsive bulimics, there were no differences concerning scales measuring eating disturbances and related areas. Multi-impulsive bulimics showed more general psychopathology – anxiety, depression, anger and hostility, psychoticism – differed in several personality scales from uni-impulsive bulimics (e.g. increased excitability and anger/hostility) and had overall a less favourable course of illness. Multi-impulsive bulimics also received more in- and out-patient therapy previous to the index treatment and during the follow-up period. The data support the notion that ‘multi-impulsive bulimia’ or ‘multi-impulsive disorder’ should be classified as a distinct diagnostic group on axis I or that an ‘Impulsive Personality Disorder’ should be introduced on axis II. The development of more effective treatment for multi-impulsive bulimia is warranted.
2
Bossert, S., R. Laessle, and M. Junker. "Anamnestic similarities in bulimic inpatients with and without a history of anorexia nervosa." Psychiatry and Psychobiology 4, no. 2 (1989): 107–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0767399x00002947.
Full textAbstract:
SummaryThe significance of a history of anorexia nervosa as regards the diagnosis and treatment outcome for bulimia is unclear. In a retrospective analysis of medical records of 59 inpatients with bulimia (DSM-III), variables related to personal and psychiatric family history did not reveal any differences in bulimics subtyped according to previous anorexia nervosa as defined in the criteria of Russell (1979). These anamnestic data support the results of studies indicating that no specific clinical and outcome variables are correlated with a history of anorexia nervosa in bulimia. The lower body weight and longer duration of bulimia found in bulimic inpatients with a history of anorexia nervosa, however, should be further examined.
3
Fahy, Thomas, and Ivan Eisler. "Impulsivity and Eating Disorders." British Journal of Psychiatry 162, no. 2 (February 1993): 193–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.162.2.193.
Full textAbstract:
Sixty-seven patients with bulimia nervosa and 29 patients with anorexia nervosa completed the Impulsiveness Questionnaire and questionnaires detailing severity of eating disorder. Bulimic patients had higher impulsivity scores than anorexic patients. Bulimics with high impulsivity scores did not have more severe eating disorders than low scorers. When 39 bulimics and 25 anorexics were interviewed about other impulsive behaviour, 51 % of bulimics and 28% of anorexics reported at least one other impulsive behaviour. Patients with so-called ‘multiimpulsive’ bulimia reported more severe eating disturbance, but this was not reflected on more reliable measures of symptoms. Thirty-nine bulimics entered an eight-week treatment trial and their progress was assessed at eight weeks, 16 weeks and one year. ‘Non-impulsive’ bulimics had a more rapid response than ‘impulsives' during treatment, but there was no difference at follow-up. There was no evidence of an association between high impulsivity trait scores and poor treatment response. It is concluded that impulsivity may shape the expression of eating disorders, but that ‘multi-impulsives' do not constitute a categorically distinct subgroup of bulimics.
4
Cooper, Peter J., Deborah J. Charnock, and Melanie J. Taylor. "The Prevalence of Bulimia Nervosa." British Journal of Psychiatry 151, no. 5 (November 1987): 684–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.151.5.684.
Full textAbstract:
There have been reports of a high prevalence of bulimic episodes and the syndromes of bulimia nervosa and DSM-III bulimia in community samples. A group of American authors recently compared the findings of a contemporary survey with those of a survey they had conducted previously and reported a three-fold increase in the prevalence of DSM-III bulimia. The present study replicates a community survey conducted four years ago in Britain. The prevalence of bulimic episodes, self-induced vomiting and bulimia nervosa found in the present survey was very similar to that found in the earlier study.
5
Brazelton, Elizabeth W., Katherine S. Greene, Malcolm Gynther, and Jennifer O'Mell. "Femininity, Bulimia, and Distress in College Women." Psychological Reports 83, no. 1 (August 1998): 355–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1998.83.1.355.
Full textAbstract:
This study investigated differences in the scores on perceived Distress and Bulimia among college women with varying scores on the Behavioral Self-report of Femininity. Distress was assessed using The Psychological Distress Inventory and Bulimia was measured using the Bulimia Cognitive Distortions Scale. Women who reported low numbers of stereotypic feminine behaviors scored lower on the Bulimia Cognitive Distortions Scale than women reporting moderate to high numbers of stereotypic feminine behaviors. Distress scores were not significantly different between women scoring high and low on Bulimic Cognitive Distortions, and Bulimic Cognitive Distortion scores did not vary as a function of scores on Distress and Femininity. A multiple regression indicated that one factor of the Behavioral Self-report of Femininity, Social Connectedness, made a significant contribution to the prediction of Bulimia scores.
6
Bossert-Zaudig, S., M. Zaudig, M. Junker, M. Wiegand, and J.-C. Krieg. "Psychiatric comorbidity of bulimia nervosa inpatients: relationship to clinical variables and treatment outcome." European Psychiatry 8, no. 1 (1993): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0924933800001504.
Full textAbstract:
SummaryExperimental evidence suggesting that psychiatric comorbidity has important clinical and prognostic implications in bulimia nervosa has mostly been based on outpatient studies investigating a selection of co-existing psychopathological features with rather unstructured and not standardized diagnostic instruments. Using structured instruments (SCID-P, MDCL) for the diagnoses of DSM III-R axis I disorders and clinical interviews for the diagnosis of DSM III-R axis II disorders in 24 hospitalized bulimics, the present study demonstrated that more than half of the patients had two or three axis I disorders in addition to bulimia nervosa and almost half of the patients met criteria of at least one personality disorder. Subgroups of patients classified according to the type of psychiatric comorbidity did not differ significantly with respect to clinical features; regarding measures of hospital behavior therapy outcome. However, the findings provided evidence for a negative impact of anxiety disorder in addition to bulimia nervosa on the improvement of bulimic behavior and possibly also on self-rated depression.
7
Whitehouse, Andrew M., Christopher P. L. Freeman, and Annette Annandale. "Body Size Estimation in Bulimia." British Journal of Psychiatry 149, no. 1 (July 1986): 98–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.149.1.98.
Full textAbstract:
Body size estimation was studied in 22 patients with bulimia and 20 normal controls. Two methods of body size estimation were used, a distorting television image method (DTIM) and the image marking method (IMM). The subjects estimated body size of a dummy as well as their own body on the DTIM. When estimating body size on the DTIM the bulimics overestimated and the controls underestimated, there being a significant difference between the two groups. There was no difference between the groups when estimating the size of the dummy. On the IMM a significant difference was found between the bulimic and control groups, the bulimics overestimating body size and the controls being more accurate. Marked directional effects were found with the DTIM. The two methods of body size estimation are compared.
8
Manevski, Jovana, Ivana Stojsin, Karolina Vukoje, and Ognjenka Jankovic. "Dental aspects of purging bulimia." Vojnosanitetski pregled 77, no. 3 (2020): 300–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vsp170318091m.
Full textAbstract:
vomiting, which in long term can result in irreversible loss of dental tissue, most commonly manifested as dental erosion. Frequent purging, xerostomia, lack of oral hygiene and acidic environment are also suitable for caries development. The aim of the research was to determine the presence, localization and degree of dental erosion using Basic Erosive Wear Examination (BEWE) index system, as well as to determine the Decayed, Missing and Filled Teeth (DMFT) index in purging bulimic patients. Methods. The study involved 30 purging bulimic patients and 30 healthy subjects. Used methods were survey (questionnaire) and clinical examination. The clinical examination included intraoral inspection and assessment of dental status using BEWE and DMFT index. Results. On the bases of conducted research, it has been found that dental erosion are significantly more often present in purging bulimics compared to the controls (?2 = 5.963, p < 0.05), that eroded lesions are more severe in the bulimic group (t = 3.925, p < 0.05) and predominantly located on oral surfaces of the teeth (?2 = 10.561, p < 0.05). DMFT index values showed no significant difference between bulimic patients and controls (t = 0.741, p = 0.461). Conclusion. Dental erosion are often encountered in patients suffering purging bulimia, especially on oral surfaces of anterior teeth that come into direct contact with gastric acid, so many bulimics exhibit high values of erosive tooth wear on mentioned surfaces. DMFT index score did not show significant differences compared to healthy participants, but due to complexity of carious process further investigation is necessary.
9
LESTER, N. A., P. K. KEEL, and S. F. LIPSON. "Symptom fluctuation in bulimia nervosa: relation to menstrual-cycle phase and cortisol levels." Psychological Medicine 33, no. 1 (December 23, 2002): 51–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291702006815.
Full textAbstract:
Background. Individuals with bulimia nervosa report significant symptom fluctuation, and some studies have suggested a premenstrual exacerbation of binge frequency. The purpose of this study is to explore the hormonal correlates of symptom fluctuation in bulimia nervosa.Method. For five consecutive weeks (one full menstrual cycle), eight women with bulimia nervosa and eight non-eating-disordered control women collected morning saliva samples and recorded several mood characteristics; the bulimic women also recorded binge and purge episodes. Subsequently, salivary cortisol and androgen levels were determined by radioimmunoassay.Results. Bulimic symptoms were exacerbated in both the mid-luteal and premenstrual phases, when compared with the follicular and ovulatory phases (F(3,21)=3·76, P=0·026; contrast analysis t(7)=3·47, P<0·01). Fluctuation in cortisol was closely correlated with fluctuation of bulimic symptoms, with elevated cortisol secretion following symptom exacerbation (r(24)=0·64, P=0·001).Conclusions. Bulimic symptom fluctuation appears to be related to two hormonal phenomena – phase of the menstrual cycle and cortisol secretion – with menstrual-cycle phase influencing bulimic symptom severity, and bulimic symptom severity effecting increases in cortisol secretion. Improved understanding of the hormonal causes and consequences of symptom fluctuation may lead to improved psychological and pharmacological treatments for bulimia nervosa.
10
Abraham, Henry David, and Anthony B. Joseph. "Bulimic Vomiting Alters Pain Tolerance and Mood." International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine 16, no. 4 (December 1987): 311–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/qg04-42ku-mkvr-crht.
Full textAbstract:
Bulimia, a disorder of episodic bulging and purging, remains without a known etiology. A case report is presented of a patient who attributed bulimic episodes to efforts at inducing euphoria. Experimental pain tolerance was increased by bulimic vomiting, blocked by naloxone, but not by saline. Vomiting was also associated with falls in depression and anxiety. Plasma ACTH and Cortisol, putative markers for β-endorphin, also rose following vomiting. It is hypothesized that in some bulimics, the disorder arises by virtue of an addiction to one's own internally released endogenous opioid peptides.
11
Ben-Tovim, D. I., Nandini Subbiah, Brenton Scheutz, and Jacqueline Morton. "Bulimia: Symptoms and Syndromes in an Urban Population." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 23, no. 1 (March 1989): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00048678909062595.
Full textAbstract:
The widely used DSM-Ill criteria for the diagnosis of bulimia essentially define bulimia as a syndrome of guilty, secretive and subjectively hard to control binge over-eating. A self-report questionnaire for bulimic behavior was administered to three community and two hospital populations in South Australia. 13% of females in the community samples could be categorized as bulimic according to the DSM-Ill criteria. Those criteria did not adequately define the behaviour of patients in treatment for bulimia in a Weight Disorders Unit, 85% of whom not only binged, but induced vomiting afterwards. When diagnostic criteria were more closely aligned to clinical experience, the prevalence of bulimia in the community appeared closer to 1–2%. New DSM criteria (DSM-Ill-R) have been proposed and prevalence rates using them fell within the 1–2% range.
12
Groth-Marnat, Gary, and Naomi Michel. "DISSOCIATION, COMORBIDITY OF DISSOCIATIVE DISORDERS, AND CHILDHOOD ABUSE IN A COMMUNITY SAMPLE OF WOMEN WITH CURRENT AND PAST BULIMIA." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 28, no. 3 (January 1, 2000): 279–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2000.28.3.279.
Full textAbstract:
Dissociation and childhood sexual abuse were examined in a community sample of current bulimics (N=47), past bulimics (N=29), and non-bulimic controls (N=37). All respondents completed questionnaires requesting information relating to bulimia, dissociation, and incidence and severity of childhood sexual abuse. Participants scoring high on the measure of dissociation (N=21) were further assessed with a structured clinical interview to determine the proportion who would fulfill the formal criteria for a DSM-IV dissociative disorder. Results indicated that dissociation was highest among current bulimics, and that past bulimics had lower levels of dissociation than current bulimics (although higher than non-bulimic controls). However, there was no association between level of dissociation and incidence of reported childhood sexual abuse. In addition, the incidence of childhood sexual abuse was no higher among bulimics than among the general population – although the severity of the abuse was reported to have been higher. The severity of self-reported childhood sexual abuse was also found to be higher among current bulimics than among past bulimics. Comorbidity of DSM-IV dissociative disorders among current bulimics was found to be 10%.
13
Robinson, P. H., S. A. Checkley, and G. F. M. Russell. "Suppression of Eating by Fenfluramine in Patients with Bulimia Nervosa." British Journal of Psychiatry 146, no. 2 (February 1985): 169–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.146.2.169.
Full textAbstract:
SummaryFifteen patients with bulimia nervosa received fenfluramine (60 mg po) or placebo under double-blind, randomly ordered conditions. Two hours later food was presented. Significantly less food was eaten after fenfluramine and the quantity eaten was inversely correlated with serum fenfluramine levels. Significantly fewer patients reported bulimic symptoms during the test after fenfluramine, but no significant effect was demonstrated after leaving the ward. Fenfluramine caused drowsiness but did not reduce hunger ratings. Similarly, eating failed to reduce hunger ratings normally in the patients. These findings suggest that in patients with bulimia nervosa, hunger is reported abnormally and eating is suppressed by fenfluramine. Bulimic symptoms were probably reduced by fenfluramine, which may prove to be a useful treatment for bulimia nervosa.
14
MONTELEONE, P., F. BRAMBILLA, F. BORTOLOTTI, and M. MAJ. "Serotonergic dysfunction across the eating disorders: relationship to eating behaviour, purging behaviour, nutritional status and general psychopathology." Psychological Medicine 30, no. 5 (September 2000): 1099–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291799002330.
Full textAbstract:
Background. Several recent studies have pointed to a dysfunction of serotonin transmission in patients with eating disorders. Notwithstanding, it is not known whether serotonergic abnormalities are related primarily to eating and/or purging behaviour, nutritional status or general psychopathological dimensions. Therefore, by using a validated neuroendocrine strategy, we investigated central serotonergic function in patients with anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa or binge-eating disorder who differ on the above parameters.Methods. Plasma prolactin response to D-fenfluramine (30 mg p.o.) or placebo was measured in 58 drug-free female volunteers, comprising 15 underweight anorexic women, 18 bulimic women, 10 women with binge-eating disorder and 15 female healthy controls. Behavioural assessment included ratings of eating disorder symptoms, depression, aggression and food-related obsessions and compulsions.Results. A significantly decreased prolactin response to D-fenfluramine was found in underweight anorexic women and in bulimics with high frequency bingeing ([ges ]2 binge episodes/day), but not in patients with binge-eating disorder or in bulimics with low frequency bingeing ([les ]1 binge episode/day). In the whole bulimic group, a negative correlation emerged between frequency of bingeing and prolactin response. No significant correlation was found between physical or psychopathological measures and the hormonal response in any group.Conclusions. These results confirm our previous findings of an impaired serotonergic transmission in underweight anorexics and in bulimics with high frequency bingeing, but not in patients with less severe bulimia nervosa. Moreover, they show, for the first time, that the hypothalamic serotonergic system is not altered in women with binge-eating disorder.
15
Sullivan, Patrick F., Cynthia M. Bulik, Frances A. Carter, and Peter R. Joyce. "The Significance of a History of Childhood Sexual Abuse in Bulimia Nervosa." British Journal of Psychiatry 167, no. 5 (November 1995): 679–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.167.5.679.
Full textAbstract:
BackgroundChildhood sexual abuse (CSA) is found to have occurred to a substantial minority of women with bulimia nervosa. Its clinical significance is unclear.MethodWe studied 87 bulimic women in a clinical trial. Structured interviews determined the presence of CSA, DSM–III–R disorders, global functioning, and depressive and bulimic symptoms.ResultsForty-four per cent reported a history of CSA. Bulimic women with CSA reported earlier onset of bulimia, greater depressive symptoms, worse global functioning and more suicide attempts, and were more likely to meet criteria for bipolar II disorder, alcohol and drug dependence, conduct disorder and avoidant personality disorder.ConclusionsAlthough those with CSA had greater comorbidity, it was not an important modifier of bulimic symptoms.
16
Turner, M. St J., M. Foggo, J. Bennie, S. Carroll, H. Dick, and G. M. Goodwin. "Psychological, hormonal and biochemical changes following carbohydrate bingeing: a placebo controlled study in bulimia nervosa and matched controls." Psychological Medicine 21, no. 1 (February 1991): 123–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291700014719.
Full textAbstract:
SYNOPSISThe responses of thirteen patients with bulimia nervosa and sixteen controls matched for age and weight are described following the ingestion of a carbohydrate and a calorie-free placebo mixture in simulated binges. Psychological, hormonal and biochemical parameters were measured before and at 15 minute intervals for two hours after the simulated binge.At baseline, the bulimics were clearly more symptomatic than the controls. The control population showed a specific satiating effect of carbohydrate upon hunger ratings. Bulimic patients responed differently showing a blunting of the normal sensation of hunger and an enhanced rating for nausea.Prolactin, growth hormone (GH) and cortisol failed to show a carbohydrate-mediated stimulation in either population. The bulimic patients showed a different pattern of GH release, but this was independent of the challenge condition. Large neutral amino acid (LNAA) levels fell following carbohydrate ingestion, but produced an increase of up to 20% in the trytophan: LNAA ratio in both bulimic patients and the control group. Thus, while this increase in tryptophan availability failed to provoke hormone release, the time course of the carbohydrated specific effect on the sensations of hunger and nausea is compatible with a mechanism based on increased tryptophan availability. The confusion of satiety with nauseas may provide a useful focus for the future treatment of patients with bulimia nervosa.
17
Janzen, B. L., I. W. Kelly, and D. H. Saklofske. "Bulimic Symptomatology and Coping in a Nonclinical Sample." Perceptual and Motor Skills 75, no. 2 (October 1992): 395–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1992.75.2.395.
Full textAbstract:
This study examined the relationship between bulimic symptomatology as measured by scores on the Bulimia Test—Revised and coping orientation as measured by Endler and Parker's Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations given to a nonclinical sample of 164 female college students. A relationship was obtained among emotionally oriented coping, task-oriented coping, and scores on the Bulimia Test.
18
McCormack, Sheila, and Roderick S. Carman. "Eating Motivations and Bulimic Behavior among College Women." Psychological Reports 64, no. 3_suppl (June 1989): 1163–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1989.64.3c.1163.
Full textAbstract:
Given observed correlations between certain types of motivations for alcohol use and problem-drinking outcomes, it was hypothesized that a similar pattern of eating motivations might predict bulimic eating behavior. For a sample of 161 college women, eating motivations which imply stress reduction or mood alteration correlated positively with bulimia as measured by the Bulimia Test.
19
Clark, Nancy. "How to Help the Athlete with Bulimia: Practical Tips and a Case Study." International Journal of Sport Nutrition 3, no. 4 (December 1993): 450–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsn.3.4.450.
Full textAbstract:
Surveys suggest that 8 to 41% of athletes may struggle with binge/purge and bulimic eating behaviors. Many of these athletes with bulimia struggle alone, receiving no professional help for recovery. This article offers effective counseling strategies for nutrition professionals who want to help bulimic athletes. Through a case study of a triathlete who binges, and then purges through compulsive exercise, a nutrition care plan is discussed that addresses the food and weight concerns commonly expressed by athletes with bulimia. The priorities of the care plan are to reduce preoccupation with weight, establish a pattern of regular eating, and address the underlying causes of the binges. The case demonstrates that nutrition counseling is only one part of the treatment program, and emphasizes the importance of developing a team of health professionals to assist athletes with bulimia.
20
Lacey, J. Hubert, and G. Smith. "Bulimia Nervosa." British Journal of Psychiatry 150, no. 6 (June 1987): 777–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.150.6.777.
Full textAbstract:
This study examines the impact of pregnancy on the reported eating behaviour of 20 untreated normal body weight bulimia nervosa women; it also reports foetal and obstetric abnormalities and indicates the initial eating habits of the infants. The prevalence of binge-eating and self-induced vomiting reduced sequentially during each trimester of pregnancy. By the third trimester 15 women (75%) had stopped all bulimic behaviour and in the remainder the disturbed eating was less severe. Symptoms tended to return in the Puerperium and in nearly half the sample abnormal eating was more disturbed after delivery than before conception. However, the improvement associated with the pregnancy described by seven patients was maintained and for five it appears to have been curative. The common fear among pregnant bulimics that their abnormal eating behaviour may damage their unborn child cannot be dispelled by this study; the incidence of foetal abnormality (including cleft palate and cleft lip), multiple pregnancies and obstetric complications (including breech presentation and surgical intervention) was high. The nutrition and development of the infants was good although three mothers (15%) reported slimming their babies down within the first year.
21
Zeeck, Hartmann, Sandholz, and Joos. "Bulimia nervosa." Therapeutische Umschau 63, no. 8 (August 1, 2006): 535–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0040-5930.63.8.535.
Full textAbstract:
Die Bulimia nervosa ist durch Essanfälle und Verhaltensweisen gekennzeichnet, welche einer Gewichtszunahme entgegensteuern sollen (Erbrechen, Laxantienabusus, Hungerphasen u.a.). Sie ist eine multifaktoriell bedingte psychische Erkrankung, welche vor allem junge Frauen betrifft. Die Bulimie kann zu gravierendem Folgen auf körperlicher, psychischer und sozialer Ebene führen und bedarf in der Regel einer spezialisierten, psychotherapeutischen Behandlung. Diese kann in den meisten Fällen ambulant erfolgen, es muss jedoch die häufige Komorbidität mit weiteren psychischen Erkrankungen berücksichtigt werden. Auch eine psychopharmakologische Mitbehandlung kann hilfreich sein. Nach 5–10 Jahren zeigen rund 50% der Patientinnen eine Vollremission, 30% Teilremissionen und etwa 20% einen chronischen Verlauf. Hausärzte, Zahnärzte und Gynäkologen sollten über Anzeichen einer oft von den Betroffenen selbst aus Schamgefühl verheimlichten Bulimia nervosa informiert sein.
22
Wade, Tracey D., Cynthia M. Bulik, and Kenneth S. Kendler. "Reliability of lifetime history of bulimia nervosa." British Journal of Psychiatry 177, no. 1 (July 2000): 72–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.177.1.72.
Full textAbstract:
BackgroundPrevious studies have found that the reliability of the lifetime prevalence of bulimia nervosa is low to moderate. However, the reasons for poor reliability remain unknown.AimsWe investigated the ability of a range of variables to predict reliability, sensitivity, and specificity of reporting of both bulimia nervosa and major depression.MethodTwo interviews, approximately 5 years apart, were completed with 2163 women from the Virginia Twin Registry.ResultsAfter accounting for different base rates, bulimia nervosa was shown to be as reliably reported as major depression. Consistent with previous studies of major depression, improved reliability of bulimia nervosa reporting is associated with more severe bulimic symptomatology.ConclusionsFrequent binge eating and the presence of salient behavioural markers such as vomiting and laxative misuse are associated with more reliable reporting of bulimia nervosa. In the absence of the use of fuller forms of assessment, brief interviews should utilise more than one prompt question, thus increasing the probability that memory of past disorders will be more successfully activated and accessed.
23
Connors, Mary E., and Craig L. Johnson. "Epidemiology of bulimia and bulimic behaviors." Addictive Behaviors 12, no. 2 (January 1987): 165–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0306-4603(87)90023-2.
Full text
24
Bushnell, J. A., J. E. Wells, J. M. McKenzie, A. R. Hornblow, M. A. Oakley-Browne, and P. R. Joyce. "Bulimia comorbidity in the general population and in the clinic." Psychological Medicine 24, no. 3 (August 1994): 605–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291700027756.
Full textAbstract:
SynopsisThis study compares rates of comorbidity of lifetime psychiatric disorder in a clinical sample of women with bulimia, with general population base rates, and with rates of comorbidity among bulimic women in the general population. Eighty-four per cent of the clinical sample of bulimic women had a lifetime affective disorder, and 44% a lifetime alcohol or drug disorder. These rates of disorder were significantly higher than the base rates in the general population. Bulimic women in the general population also had more affective and substance-use disorders than the general population base rates, but the rates of these disorders were lower than found in the clinical sample. In the general population, quite similar rates of other disorders including generalized anxiety, panic, phobia and obsessive–compulsive disorder, are found among those with bulimia, substance-use disorder and depression. Furthermore, among those with depression and substance-use disorder in the general population, rates of eating disorder are comparable. Rather than suggesting a specific relationship between bulimia and either depression or substance-use disorder, the data from this study suggest that the presence of any disorder is associated with a non-specific increase in the likelihood of other psychiatric disorder.
25
Salvado, Francisco, Miguel de Araújo Nobre, João Gomes, and Paulo Maia. "Necrotizing Sialometaplasia and Bulimia: A Case Report." Medicina 56, no. 4 (April 19, 2020): 188. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina56040188.
Full textAbstract:
Bulimia is an eating disorder with a great prevalence in young women. Due to its multifactor ethiology, bulimia has systemic consequences. In the literature, necrotising sialometaplasia is seldom associated with bulimia. Its etiopathogenesis is discussed by several authors; nevertheless, the consensus does not consider the relevance of local trauma associated with induced vomiting. A case of necrotising sialomethaplasia, presented with a single hard palatal ulcer in a bulimic woman is described in the present report. The patient did not present significant systemic laboratorial values, nor physical weight variations, which highlights the relevance of performing a complete medical clinical history when diagnosing this rare pathology.
26
Lock, Andrew, David Epston, and Richard Maisel. "Countering that which is called anorexia." Narrative Inquiry 14, no. 2 (December 31, 2004): 275–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ni.14.2.06loc.
Full textAbstract:
In our dominant discourses, anorexia and bulimia are identified with those persons suffering from their effects. Thus a person is anorexic or bulimic. By contrast, narrative therapists conceive of anorexia and bulimia as separate from the person. Consequently the problem, and the person's relationship with it, rather than the person themselves, can be recognised as “the problem”. Anorexia and bulimia may then be regarded as having “voices” of their own, which act as discursive parasites that draw a deal of their sustenance from the dominant discourses in society that are subscribed to by those they attack. Once the problem is divorced from the person, then those attacked by these parasites can, through therapeutic conversations, be helped to find alternative discourse resources that assist them in gaining power to resist these parasitic voices. (Narrative Therapy, Anorexia, Bulimia, Counter-Narratives, Discourse Resources)
27
Hudson, J. I., H. G. Pope, and D. Yurgelun-todd. "Bulimia and major affective disorder: experience with 105 patients." Psychiatry and Psychobiology 3, no. 1 (1988): 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0767399x00001309.
Full textAbstract:
SummarySeveral lines of evidence suggest that bulimia - the syndrome of compulsive binge-eating - may be related to major affective disorder. First, high rates of major affective disorder have been found both among bulimic patients and their relatives. Second, neuroendocrine abnormalities, similar to those found in major affective disorder, have been reported in bulimia. Finally, several antidepressant medications have been shown to be effective in the treatment of bulimia.To investigate further the relationship between bulimia and major affective disorder, we evaluated 105 consecutive patients (101 women, 4 men), meeting DSM III criteria for bulimia, referred to our center, for the following: (1) rates of current or past major affective disorder and other psychiatric disorders, by DSM III criteria, using the NIMH Diagnostic Interview Schedule (n = 105); (2) family history of psychiatric disorders among first-degree relatives, by DSM III criteria (n = 101); (3) response to the 1 mg oral overnight dexamethasone suppression test (DST) with postdexamethasone plasma cortisol level measured at 16 00 h (n = 43); and (4) response to open trials of antidepressant medications, front several different classes - particularly tricyclic antidepressants, monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors, and trazodone (n = 50).The results of these studies were as follows: (1) the bulimic patients displayed a 77% lifetime prevalence rate of major affective disorder by DSM III criteria; (2) the morbid risk for major affective disorder among the firstdegree relatives of the bulimic probands was 0.29, similar to the 0.19 morbid risk found among the first-degree relatives of 40 probands with bipolar disorder, but significantly higher than the 0.03 morbid risk found among the first-degree relatives of 46 schizophrenic probands (P<0.001); (3) the bulimic patients showed a 40% rate of nonsuppression to the DST (16 00 h postdexamethasone plasma cortisol Level≥5.0 mcg/dl), significantly higher than the 9% rate of nonsuppression found among 22 normal control subjects (P<0.02); and (4) after one or more trials of antidepressant medications, 38% of the bulimic patients achieved a remission of symptoms (cessation of bingeeating episodes), 34% achieved a marked response (75-99% reduction in the frequency of binge-eating episodes), 16% achieved a moderate response (50-74% reduction in the frequency of binge-eating episodes), and 12% had no response (less than a 50% reduction in the frequency of binge-eating episodes).Thus, on each of the four indices evaluated, patients with bulimia were similar to patients with major affective disorder, but were distinguishable from patients with other psychiatric disorders and from normal Controls. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that bulimia may be closely related to major affective disorder.
28
Henderson, M., and C. P. L. Freeman. "A Self-rating Scale for Bulimia the ‘BITE’." British Journal of Psychiatry 150, no. 1 (January 1987): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.150.1.18.
Full textAbstract:
A new brief questionnaire, the Bulimic Investigatory Test, Edinburgh (BITE), for the detection and description of binge-eating is described. Data from two separate populations demonstrate satisfactory reliability and validity. The scale has measures of both symptoms and severity. All items in the DSM-III definition of bulimia and Russell's definition of bulimia nervosa are covered but the questionnaire is more than just an operationalised checklist of these diagnostic criteria.
29
Barraclough, Peter. "Bulimics on BulimiaBulimics on Bulimia." Nursing Standard 23, no. 15 (December 17, 2008): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns2008.12.23.15.30.b850.
Full text
30
Herkov, Michael J., Richard A. Greer, Burton I. Blau, John M. McGuire, and Donald Eaker. "Bulimia: An Empirical Analysis of Psychodynamic Theory." Psychological Reports 75, no. 1 (August 1994): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1994.75.1.51.
Full textAbstract:
This study examined two aspects of psychodynamic theory concerning bulimia nervosa, that bulimic patients ascribe to a traditionally feminine sex-role and that bulimic women have difficulty differentiating emotional from visceral sensations. 18 bulimic and 18 control women were administered the Bern Sex-role Inventory and the Eating Disorder Inventory. Contrary to dynamic theory, bulimic women were not more likely classified as traditionally feminine than control subjects; however, significantly more controls than bulimic women were classified as androgynous. Analysis of scores on the Eating Disorder Inventory's Interoceptive Awareness scale indicated a significant difference between bulimic persons and controls, providing strong support for the hypothesis that bulimic women have a difficult time differentiating emotional from visceral sensations.
31
Morgan, John Farnill, J. Hubert Lacey, and Philip M. Sedgwick. "Impact of pregnancy on bulimia nervosa." British Journal of Psychiatry 174, no. 2 (February 1999): 135–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.174.2.135.
Full textAbstract:
BackgroundBulimia nervosa affects women at a peak age of reproductive functioning, but few studies have examined the impact of pregnancy on bulimia.AimTo examine the impact of pregnancy on symptoms of bulimia nervosa and associated psychopathology.MethodWomen actively suffering from bulimia nervosa during pregnancy (n=94) were interviewed using the eating disorder examination (12th edn) and structured clinical interview for DSM–III–R, with additional structured questions. Behaviours were recorded at conception, each trimester and postnatally. Relative risks were calculated for prognostic factors.ResultsBulimic symptoms improved throughout pregnancy. After delivery, 57% had worse symptoms than pre-pregnancy, but 34% were no longer bulimic. Relapse was predicted by behavioural severity and persistence, previous anorexia nervosa (‘Type II’ bulimia), gestational diabetes and ‘unplanned’ pregnancy. Unplanned pregnancies were the norm, usually resulting from mistaken beliefs about fertility. ‘Postnatal depression’ was suggested in one-third of the sample, and in two-thirds of those with ‘Type II’ bulimia, and was predicted by alcohol misuse, symptom severity and persistence.ConclusionsPostnatal treatment intervention should focus on women ‘at risk’ of relapse, but all women with bulimia should be assessed for postnatal depression.
32
Kelleher, Martin, and Khawer Ayub. "The ‘satisficing’ additive composite approach to bulimia." Dental Update 50, no. 10 (November 2, 2023): 869–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/denu.2023.50.10.869.
Full textAbstract:
Bulimia (‘ox hunger’) is a serious, potentially dangerous, eating disorder that is often associated with anxiety about weight and body shape. People with bulimia ‘binge’, meaning that they eat large amounts of food, and then vomit afterwards to ‘purge themselves’ in order to get rid of those recently ingested calories. Frequent vomiting of the stomach hydrochloric acid and other ingested acids (pH 1–2) produces variable, but often catastrophic, erosion of the palatal aspects of the upper teeth in particular. ‘Satisficing’ is a word made from combining ‘sufficient’ and ‘satisfactory’. It means seeking an outcome that meets the essential requirements for it to be ‘sufficient to be satisfactory for that situation’. These authors recommend pragmatic early additive direct resin composite bonding as being a ‘satisficing’ approach to help manage tooth surface loss in bulimic patients, and the article provides clinical examples of some dental problems caused by bulimia being solved in that way. CPD/Clinical Relevance: This article addresses a number of controversial issues in the dental management of patients with bulimia nervosa (‘bulimia’).
33
Whitaker, Agnes, Mark Davies, David Shaffer, Jim Johnson, Sari Abrams, B. Timothy Walsh, and Kevin Kalikow. "The struggle to be thin: a survey of anorexic and bulimic symptoms in a non-referred adolescent population." Psychological Medicine 19, no. 1 (February 1989): 143–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291700011107.
Full textAbstract:
SynopsisNinety-one per cent of a county-wide high school population (N= 5596) completed the Eating Symptoms Inventory (ESI) and the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT). Being female, older and heavier are far more strongly associated with anorexic and bulimic symptoms than is social class. ESI approximations of the DSM-III criteria for anorexia nervosa or bulimia suggest that while both conditions are rare (less than 1%), bulimia is the more prevalent disorder.
34
Jonas, Jeffrey M., and Mark S. Gold. "Treatment of Antidepressant-Resistant Bulimia with Naltrexone." International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine 16, no. 4 (December 1987): 305–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/0cmp-4xxh-3641-nrdw.
Full textAbstract:
Ten individuals with antidepressant-resistant bulimia were treated with the long-acting opiate antagonist naltrexone. Seven of the ten experienced at least a 75 percent reduction of their bulimic symptoms, and have maintained their improvment on three to five month follow-up. These preliminary data suggest that naltrexone may be of use in bulimia unresponsive to standard antidepressant therapy, and may provide insight into the role of endogenous opioids in the etiology of eating disorders.
35
Vavrina, Josef, Werner Müller, and Jan-Olaf Gebbers. "Enlargement of salivary glands in bulimia." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 108, no. 6 (June 1994): 516–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002221510012729x.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractWe report an unusual case of bulimia nervosa with bilateral swelling of parotid and submandibular glands as the only symptom of the underlying behavioural disorder. Histologically, sialadenosis was diagnosed in a parotid biopsy. The parotomegaly in bulimia may be a diagnostic primer as these patients often deny their eating disorder. B-scan ultrasonography is an important diagnostic tool to assess the nature of the parotid enlargement. Hyperamylasaemia occurs commonly in bulimic patients and may help to confirm the diagnosis. All patients with suspected bulimia should have a thorough medical history and physical examination to rule out other aetiologies of asymptomatic parotid swelling. As the enlargement is usually transient surgical intervention is only rarely required.
36
Srivastav, Yash, Mohd Faijan Mansoori, Aditya Srivastav, and Aniket Kumar. "Schematic Brief Outline: Bulimia Nervosa and its Medical-Based Management." International Neuropsychiatric Disease Journal 21, no. 4 (May 30, 2024): 61–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/indj/2024/v21i4442.
Full textAbstract:
The disease known as bulimia nervosa, which is typified by purging and binge eating, usually starts in adolescence and peaks at the age of 18. The ratio of female to male patients varies from 10:1 to 20:1, with a lifetime frequency of 3 per cent. The majority of bulimic individuals also suffer from other mental illnesses, such as depression or anxiety. Additionally, there is a correlation between substance misuse and promiscuity. Bulimia nervosa was initially identified as a "chronic phase of anorexia nervosa" in 1979 by British psychiatrist Gerald Russell. During this stage, patients overeat and resort to compensatory methods such as self-induced vomiting, laxatives, or extended periods of deprivation. For three months, bingeing and purging episodes occurring at least once a week are typically associated with a bulimia diagnosis. However, even infrequent binge and purge behaviours can be harmful and require medical attention. The severity of the bulimia increases with the frequency of the bouts. Family therapy and individual treatment are frequently used to treat bulimia. The goal is to address any dietary issues and modify your behaviour. The relationship between your thoughts, feelings, and behaviours is examined in therapy. We go over the aetiology, epidemiology, current treatment, and state of bulimia nervosa in this review study.
37
Huemer, Julia, Maria Haidvogl, Fritz Mattejat, Gudrun Wagner, Gerald Nobis, Fernando Fernandez-Aranda, David A. Collier, Janet L. Treasure, and Andreas F. K. Karwautz. "Perception of Autonomy and Connectedness Prior to the Onset of Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa." Zeitschrift für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie 40, no. 1 (January 2012): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/1422-4917/a000150.
Full textAbstract:
Objective: This study examines retrospective correlates of nonshared family environment prior to onset of disease, by means of multiple familial informants, among anorexia and bulimia nervosa patients. Methods: A total of 332 participants was included (anorexia nervosa, restrictive type (AN-R): n = 41 plus families); bulimic patients (anorexia nervosa, binge-purging type; bulimia nervosa: n = 59 plus families). The EATAET Lifetime Diagnostic Interview was used to establish the diagnosis; the Subjective Family Image Test was used to derive emotional connectedness (EC) and individual autonomy (IA). Results: Bulimic and AN-R patients perceived significantly lower EC prior to onset of disease compared to their healthy sisters. Bulimic patients perceived significantly lower EC prior to onset of disease compared to AN-R patients and compared to their mothers and fathers. A low family sum – sister pairs sum comparison – of EC had a significant influence on the risk of developing bulimia nervosa. Contrary to expectations, AN-R patients did not perceive significantly lower levels of IA compared to their sisters, prior to onset of disease. Findings of low IA in currently ill AN-R patients may represent a disease consequence, not a risk factor. Conclusions: Developmental child psychiatrists should direct their attention to disturbances of EC, which may be present prior to the onset of the disease.
38
Rodin, Gary M., Liane E. Johnson, Paul E. Garfinkel, Denis Daneman, and Anne B. Kenshole. "Eating Disorders in Female Adolescents with Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus." International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine 16, no. 1 (March 1987): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/hulh-ctpr-4v17-383c.
Full textAbstract:
Recent case reports have suggested an association between anorexia nervosa and/or bulimia with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Fifty-eight females aged fifteen to twenty-two with IDDM for more than one year were assessed for the presence of eating disorders. Patients were screened for eating and weight pathology using the Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI) and Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT-26). Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbAl) was measured to assess metabolic control. Subjects who scored above the cut-off points associated with eating and weight pathology were interviewed. Clinically significant eating and weight pathology was found in 20.7 percent of the population. Of these subjects, anorexia nervosa was found in 6.9 percent and the syndrome of bulimia, based on DSM-III criteria, was found in 6.9 percent. In patients with bulimia, there was a strong inverse correlation between bulimic symptoms and metabolic control. These findings suggest that anorexia nervosa may be more common in female adolescents with IDDM than in nondiabetic populations and that bulimic symptoms may be a risk factor for poor metabolic control.
39
Izydorczyk, Bernadetta. "Aggression and self-aggression syndrome in females suffering from bulimia nervosa." Polish Psychological Bulletin 44, no. 4 (December 1, 2013): 384–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ppb-2013-0042.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The current study is aimed at creating a psychological profile of characteristics of aggressive and self-aggressive behaviour exhibited by females with bulimia, as well as conducting a comparative analysis of the differences between bulimic females and individuals displaying no mental disorders in terms of the major characteristics of aggressive and selfaggressive behaviour. The methods: the Buss-Durkee Hostility-Guilt Inventory, the Psychological Inventory of Aggression Syndrome by Zbigniew. B. Gaś. The data analysis revealed significant differences between the females suffering from bulimia and the subjects displaying no mental disorders in terms of the level of aggressive and self-aggressive tendencies. It was discovered that the control participants exhibited an appropriate level of aggressive behaviour as opposed to the subjects with bulimia.
40
French, Douglas J., Richard M. Nicki, and Douglas B. Cane. "Bulimia Nervosa: An Examination of the Anxiety-Inhibiting Properties of the Prospect of Vomiting." Behavioural Psychotherapy 21, no. 2 (April 1993): 97–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0141347300018061.
Full textAbstract:
The anxiety-inhibiting properties of the prospect of vomiting were assessed and contrasted in 12 women with bulimia nervosa and an equal number of non-bulimic women. Subjects were exposed to a pleasant control scene and six food-related scenes in which they imagined eating standardized test meals with the knowledge that vomiting could or could not occur afterwards. The level of anxiety evoked by the scenes was assessed using subjective, behavioural and physiological measures. As predicted, bulimics reported that they would consume more of the meal when vomiting could occur after. No such difference was found for control subjects. However, the groups did not differ on subjective and physiological measures of anxiety. The results of the present study suggest that bulimics may utilize a hierarchy of control strategies to mediate the anxiety evoked by eating that may be amenable to cognitive-behavioural interventions.
41
Mirucka, Beata. "Exploring the relationship between the body self and personality defence mechanisms in women with bulimia nervosa." Polish Psychological Bulletin 44, no. 1 (March 1, 2013): 118–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ppb-2013-0012.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This study investigated the relationship between disorders of the body self and personality defence mechanisms of women with bulimia nervosa. It was hypothesized that women with bulimia nervosa would not form a homogeneous group in terms of the body self disorder and that the extent of this disorder would be significantly related to personality functioning in terms of the defence styles adopted. The hypothesis was investigated with the aid of two questionnaires: the Body Self Questionnaire (Mirucka, 2005) and the Defence Style Questionnaire by Andrews, Singh and Bond (1993). 36 women aged between 15 and 25 years, who fulfilled the DSM IV criteria for bulimia nervosa participated in the study. Conclusions from the study were that: (1) the body self of bulimic women is differentially disordered at three levels: profound, moderate and minimal. (2) the degree to which the body self was found to be disordered is significant in psychological terms as it is related to the defence style adopted by the bulimic personality. The profound and moderate levels of body self disorder related to immature defence styles, while minimal levels of disruption to body self were associated with neurotic and mature styles.
42
Rodrigues, Yasmin Cristina Feitosa, Nycolle Martins Reis, Melissa De Carvalho Souza Vieira, Zenite Machado, and Adriana Coutinho de Azevedo Guimarães. "Fadiga e sintomas de transtornos alimentares em bailarinos profissionais." Brazilian Journal of Kinanthropometry and Human Performance 19, no. 1 (May 28, 2017): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1980-0037.2017v19n1p96.
Full textAbstract:
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1980-0037.2017v19n1p96 The aim of this study was to make a comparison between fatigue and eating disorders in professional dancers in Brazil. Overall, 108 Classical Ballet or Contemporary Dance dancers (28.6 ± 7.7 years) (49 women and 59 men) of companies from São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais and Rio Grande do Sul participated in this study. The following validated instruments were used (Eating Attitudes Test; Bulimic Inventory Test Edinburgh; Yoshitake Fatigue Questionnaire, general Information). Results: 16% of dancers have symptoms of anorexia; 25% in the symptomatic bulimia scale and 30% in the bulimia scale. Significant data were identified in the comparison of bulimia nervosa scales with fatigue domains; on the symptomatic scale with drowsiness and lack of attention at work domain (p = 0.015), on the severity scale with fatigue projections to the body domain (p = 0.014), and in both scales in the impaired concentration and attention domain (p = 0.003 and p = 0.047) and in the general fatigue score (p = 0.016). Dancers with higher scores for difficulty in concentration and attention are 1.558 (95% CI 1.113 to 2.179) times more likely to have symptoms of bulimia. This study showed that there is a relationship between fatigue and symptoms of bulimia.
43
Đurović, Marija. "Bulimia: Modern man challenge." Galenika Medical Journal 1, no. 1 (2022): 78–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/galmed2201078d.
Full textAbstract:
The fact, that man has always been focused on external beauty is never surprising. The base of our identity is our body. However, it is worrying to know that whether they are obese, thin, or normally fed, people of both sexes and all age groups have never been as dissatisfied with their bodies as they are today. Many do not perceive eating disorders as serious diseases, but as someone's whim, the desire to be thin, and some even go so far as to accept a disturbed diet as healthy. We notice that healthy people talk about eating disorders in an affirmative tone - they don't understand that it is a disease. Avoiding a normal diet is considered "normal" and even desirable. Unfortunately, eating disorders are culturally normalized. The most commonly diagnosed eating disorders are anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Unlike anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa is much more difficult to detect. It can remain unrecognized for a long time even from the immediate environment, because a person suffering from bulimia is usually of normal body weight, and bulimic crises usually take place in secret. And then, even when the disease is discovered, its meaning and severity are often unrecognized. Unfortunately, bulimia nervosa is often experienced as a whim of a spoiled child from a rich society. In etiological terms, bulimia nervosa is a multifactorial disease. In its origin and development, the role is played by various factors that interact with each other: genetic, neurobiological, psychological and socio-cultural. There are many interpretations of the psychodynamics of bulimia nervosa, the significance and symbolism of symptoms. The most common comorbidities are depression, anxiety disorders, PTSD, and substance abuse. The consequences of the disease are in the sphere of mental and physical health. Recognition and treatment of bulimia nervosa is extremely important, and psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy are used in the treatment of patients.
44
Hudson, James I., Harrison G. Pope, Jeffrey M. Jonas, Deborah Yurgelun-Todd, and Frances R. Frankenburg. "A controlled family history study of bulimia." Psychological Medicine 17, no. 4 (November 1987): 883–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291700000684.
Full textAbstract:
SynopsisUsing the family history method, we assessed the morbid risk for psychiatric disorders the first-degree relatives of 69 probands with bulimia, 24 probands with major depression, and nonpsychiatric control probands. The morbid risk for major affective disorder among the first-degree relatives of the bulimic probands was 32%, significantly greater than that found in the nonpsychiatric control probands. The rate of familial major affective disorder was significantly greater in bulimic probands who had a history of major affective disorder themselves than in bulimic probands without such a history - but the latter group, in turn, displayed significantly higher rates than the nonpsychiatric control probands. Eating disorders were slightly, but not significantly, more prevalent in the families of bulimic probands than nonpsychiatric control probands. We present two alternative hypotheses which might explain these findings.
45
Schumaker, John F., William G. Warren, Gwenda S. Schreiber, and Craig C. Jackson. "DISSOCIATION IN ANOREXIA NERVOSA AND BULIMIA NERVOSA." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 22, no. 4 (January 1, 1994): 385–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.1994.22.4.385.
Full textAbstract:
The present study employed the Riley Questionnaire of Experiences of Dissociation in order to assess degree of dissociation in females diagnosed with anorexia nervosa and bulimia. The subjects consisted of 26 anorexic and 18 bulimic females, and a non eating-disordered control group of 22 females. Results indicated that eating disordered subjects, considered together, had significantly higher dissociation scores than the non eating-disordered control group. Additionally, when considered separately, both the anorexic and bulimic groups had significantly higher dissociation scores than the control subjects. No significant difference was found in the level of dissociation between anorexic and bulimic groups. These findings are discussed in relation to previous investigations and implications for possible future research and treatment.
46
Cooper, Peter J., and Melanie J. Taylor. "Body Image Disturbance in Bulimia Nervosa." British Journal of Psychiatry 153, S2 (1988): 32–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s0007125000298966.
Full textAbstract:
Bulimia nervosa is a disorder which has only recently been identified and described (Russell, 1979). It is a condition, found almost exclusively in young women, in which episodes of excessive uncontrolled eating are the central feature. Patients with bulimia nervosa usually present at normal weight because they compensate for the bulimic episodes in a variety of ways, such as by inducing vomiting, abusing purgatives and exercising extreme dietary restraint. In addition to these disturbed eating habits, patients with bulimia nervosa have attitudes to their shape and weight similar to those found in anorexia nervosa. They also present with a wide range of neurotic symptoms, particularly of a depressive nature (Russell, 1979; Fairburn & Cooper, 1984). It is generally accepted that these neurotic symptoms are usually a secondary reaction to the core eating disorder rather than of primary diagnostic significance (Fairburn et al, 1985; Cooper & Fairburn, 1986).
47
Fassino, Secondo, Giovanni Abbate-Daga, Federico Amianto, Federico Facchini, and Giovanni Giacomo Rovera. "Eating psychopathology and personality in eating disorders." Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences 12, no. 4 (December 2003): 293–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1121189x00003109.
Full textAbstract:
SummaryObjective - The question of how many psychopathologic factors are involved in Anorexia Nervosa (AN) and Bulimia Nervosa (BN) has no definite answer. The combination of psychopathology and personality research may shed a light upon the determinants of eating pathology. Methods - The study consists inthe administration of the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) and the Eating Disorder Inventory 2 (EDI-2) to 95 outpatient anorectic women (50 restrictive and 45 binge-purging) and to 92 bulimic outpatientwomen (78 with and 14 without purging behaviours). The respective scores of each DCA subgroup are compared. Results - Restricter anorectics are characterised by lower novelty seeking on respect to all the other groups and by a higher self-directedness on respect to bingeing-purging anorectics and purging bulimics. Alsopsychopathologic differences between restricter anorectics and the other groups are extensive. Bingeing-purging anorexia shares many traits with bulimia. Conclusions - In their complex, data suggest and in-deep study aimed to a possible re-classification of EDs which would take impulsiveness in greater consideration. The differences in temperament and character traits may partially be responsible of the repression or discontrol of impulsive eating behaviours in different ED subtypes.Declaration of InterestAuthors received grants and research support from Regione Piemonte (Project no. 19701/27001).
48
Lacey, J. Hubert, S. G. Gowers, and A. V. Bhat. "Bulimia Nervosa: Family Size, Sibling Sex and Birth Order." British Journal of Psychiatry 158, no. 4 (April 1991): 491–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.158.4.491.
Full textAbstract:
Family size, sex of siblings and birth order were examined in 225 bulimic patients of normal weight, all stemming from the same circumscribed catchment area. Although bulimia can occur in any size family, all-female sibships were significantly over-represented. In small families at least, the bulimic patient was highly likely to be the only or eldest daughter. In small sibships, a bulimic who was first-born was significantly more likely to have a younger sister; if second-born she was more likely to have an elder brother. Despite the very large sample size, no final conclusion can be made on birth order.
49
Naessén, Sabine, Kjell Carlström, Rolf Glant, Hans Jacobsson, and Angelica Lindén Hirschberg. "Bone mineral density in bulimic women – influence of endocrine factors and previous anorexia." European Journal of Endocrinology 155, no. 2 (August 2006): 245–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje.1.02202.
Full textAbstract:
Objective: Data concerning bone mineral density (BMD) in bulimia nervosa are contradictory and include both low and normal values. The aim of the present study was to elucidate possible endocrine-and nutrition-related factors predicting BMD in bulimic women. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Seventy-seven bulimic patients and 56 age- and body mass index (BMI)-matched healthy controls were examined with respect to BMD (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry) and to serum levels of hormones and metabolic factors. Results: Bulimics had significantly lower spinal BMD and higher frequency of osteopenia in the total body than controls. Furthermore, bulimic women had significantly lower levels of estradiol-17β and free thyroxine and significantly higher cortisol levels compared with controls. Among the bulimics, 31.2% had present menstrual disturbance, 51.9% had a history of amenorrhea and 23.4% had previous anorexia nervosa. Subgroups of bulimics with a history of amenorrhea and previous anorexia nervosa had significantly lower total and spinal BMD than controls, whereas those without such history did not differ from the controls. In univariate analysis, a history of amenorrhea, cortisol, testosterone, previous anorexia nervosa, and BMI showed significant associations with spinal BMD. Multiple regression analysis including all significant variables revealed previous anorexia nervosa to be the strongest determinant of spinal BMD, accounting for 34% of the variance, while associations between endocrine factors and BMI disappeared. Conclusions: Low bone mass in bulimics may be explained by previous anorexia nervosa, whereas endocrine variables related to BMD seem to be secondary determinants that are dependent on previous anorexia nervosa and BMI.
50
STRIEGEL-MOORE, RUTH H., DEBRA L. FRANKO, DOUGLAS THOMPSON, BRUCE BARTON, GEORGE B. SCHREIBER, and STEPHEN R. DANIELS. "An empirical study of the typology of bulimia nervosa and its spectrum variants." Psychological Medicine 35, no. 11 (October 12, 2005): 1563–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291705006057.
Full textAbstract:
Background. There is an ongoing debate about the best way to classify eating disorders. This study examined potential subtypes of bulimia nervosa.Method. Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to identify subtypes of bulimic symptomatology, utilizing data from 234 respondents in a cohort of black and white young women (n=2054). Participants were administered gated screening questions from the Eating Disorders Examination to determine DSM-IV diagnoses of eating disorders.Results. A 3-class solution was judged best. Class 1, the ‘purger subtype’ (n=116), was characterized by vomiting, the use of fasting/diet pills, and relatively little bingeing. Class 2, the ‘binger subtype’ (n=97) comprised women who engaged in bingeing but minimal compensatory behaviors. Class 3, the ‘binge-purger subtype’ (n=21) had relatively high rates of all symptoms. Findings of differences between the three subtypes on validator variables and differences between the three subtypes compared to non-eating disorder groups suggest validity of the three bulimic subtypes identified in our analyses. Ethnicity and class membership were associated [χ2(3)=21·89, p<0·0001], reflecting a greater percentage of white women than black women in Class 1 and a greater percentage of black women than white women in Class 2.Conclusions. LCA revealed one subtype that was similar to bulimia nervosa and two subtypes of bulimic symptomatology that did not meet criteria for bulimia nervosa yet appear to be clinically significant. Further study of the psychological correlates, course, and treatment response of these classes would be of clinical interest.